1033:
461:
986:
931:
1020:
56:
33:
998:
956:
918:
944:
4102:
Steenkamp, V; Gouws, M.C; Gulumian, M; Elgorashi, E.E. & van Stade, J. (2006): Studies on antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity of herbal remedies used in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostatitis.
2085:
626:). Most willowherbs will not tolerate shade trees and thus are limited to more recently disturbed patches, yielding to other plants over time. Consequently, though the genus contains many
4082:
Bleeker, Walter; Schmitz, Ulf & Ristow, Michael (2007): Interspecific hybridisation between alien and native plant species in
Germany and its consequences for native biodiversity.
2978:
2065:
2700:
3617:
3008:
1425:
1220:
3747:
2730:
2514:
1964:
1812:
3567:
3516:
3252:
2751:
2648:
2606:
2105:
2075:
1579:
3272:
2948:
2710:
3687:
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2370:
2208:
1922:
1619:
1301:
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3211:
2637:
3465:
3160:
2918:
2401:
2288:
2248:
2228:
2218:
1912:
1852:
1792:
1669:
1352:
1311:
1118:
1057:
3129:
3088:
1559:
1362:
3323:
3313:
3068:
2794:
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2044:
1872:
1832:
1690:
1372:
1291:
1047:
3657:
3597:
3577:
3526:
3454:
3394:
3191:
3078:
2804:
2024:
3737:
3293:
3150:
3048:
2554:
2014:
1782:
802:
in World War II many of the derelict bomb sites were soon covered with these plants, bringing a splash of colour to what was otherwise a very grim scene. It is the
3677:
3627:
3506:
3434:
3414:
3241:
3231:
2658:
2627:
2574:
2564:
2544:
2298:
1742:
1732:
1518:
1465:
3667:
3607:
2463:
2329:
1984:
1659:
1569:
1435:
3475:
3444:
2908:
2857:
2534:
2504:
2473:
2441:
2431:
2350:
2319:
2156:
1711:
1649:
1455:
1445:
1332:
1067:
3119:
2178:
3707:
3647:
3637:
3587:
3485:
3424:
3384:
3303:
3109:
3058:
2988:
2968:
2524:
2238:
2146:
2136:
2004:
1902:
1609:
1599:
1486:
1260:
1240:
1210:
1149:
1108:
3697:
3536:
3374:
3364:
3201:
3181:
3038:
2898:
2360:
2309:
2278:
2054:
2034:
1932:
1892:
1679:
1639:
1528:
1393:
3727:
3717:
3404:
3221:
3018:
2958:
2928:
2836:
2595:
2494:
2268:
2258:
2198:
2095:
1954:
1862:
1752:
1589:
1342:
1250:
1189:
1179:
1159:
1128:
4120:
506:(radially symmetrical) with four petals that may be notched. These are usually smallish and pink in most species, but red, orange or yellow in a few. The
3354:
3333:
3098:
2188:
1994:
1974:
1882:
1822:
1772:
1762:
1629:
1415:
1230:
1077:
4067:
3028:
2938:
2878:
2720:
2679:
2483:
1802:
1721:
1281:
521:
The genus name derives from the Greek words "epi" meaning "upon" and "lobos" meaning "lobe", with reference to position of the petals above the ovary.
2421:
279:
4424:
4463:
149:
159:
4171:
4499:
4372:
4286:
4437:
4385:
4127:
4140:
4612:
4442:
3782:
species using high-accuracy FT-IR method based on attenuated total reflection (ATR) without time-consuming preparation.
4281:
4068:
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cbdv.200890028/abstract;jsessionid=46F30B7C6B30DADFBD57A4789993E047.f01t02
3910:
3886:
1032:
4574:
4553:
4468:
4411:
4517:
4156:
4548:
4450:
3975:
3799:
233:
556:
are typically very quick to carpet large swathes of ground and may become key or dominant species of local
4260:
4255:
4242:
4364:
4338:
4607:
4512:
4039:
1138:
969:
566:
222:
2122:– great willowherb, great hairy willowherb, hairy willowherb, codlins-and-cream, apple-pie, cherry-pie
614:) is found characteristically, though not abundantly, in the mesotrophic grasslands with meadowsweet (
460:
55:
4579:
4478:
4390:
3844:
2998:
1270:
990:
879:
449:
4062:
Krajšek, S., Buh, P., Zega, A., Kreft, S. (2008). Identification of herbarium whole-leaf samples of
798:), known as rosebay willowherb in the United Kingdom. It rapidly colonizes burnt ground; during the
3282:
899:
4504:
4359:
3849:
1169:
1037:
414:
4333:
4185:
3343:
2452:
1507:
1321:
1097:
961:
922:
503:
4429:
985:
3857:
2867:
2846:
2380:
2339:
1943:
1700:
1382:
1024:
815:
693:
605:
576:
529:
4491:
4294:
3546:
3495:
2783:
2740:
2411:
2126:
1842:
977:
767:
728:
622:
518:
embedded in fine, soft silky fluff which disperses the seeds very effectively in the wind.
400:
355:
8:
4351:
4223:
2668:
1548:
791:
616:
4325:
4135:. Systematic botany monographs. Ann Arbor, Mich: American Society of Plant Taxonomists.
3947:
4602:
4561:
4346:
4021:
3922:
3838:
3766:
2825:
2814:
2772:
2761:
2616:
2167:
2115:
1538:
1496:
1475:
1087:
1011:
948:
891:
864:
718:
701:
683:
610:
594:
582:
409:
362:
289:
237:
199:
50:
41:
4486:
4268:
4136:
3906:
3882:
3556:
3139:
2584:
799:
571:
4566:
4112:
4091:
4013:
3170:
2689:
1003:
872:
855:. Its young leaves, roots, and shoots are edible (if somewhat bitter), and rich in
783:
418:
314:
4273:
4234:
212:
4247:
4095:
1404:
935:
930:
895:
882:
in the late 19th century and Peter H. Raven about a century later researched the
868:
826:
511:
470:
465:
310:
93:
4540:
4455:
561:
396:
80:
4116:
1019:
4596:
4208:
1328:– tall willowherb, tall annual willowherb, tall fireweed, panicled willowherb
821:
Fireweed is used as a sweetener in north-western North
America. It is put in
803:
738:
650:
631:
627:
600:
588:
498:
are opposite or rarely whorled, simple and ovate to lanceolate in shape. The
176:
32:
4530:
3874:
856:
790:
locales. One of the most frequently recognized members of the genus is the
483:
375:
333:
1411:– Zauschneria, California-fuchsia, hummingbird flower, hummingbird trumpet
4398:
4217:
887:
645:
641:
608:, to the virtual exclusion of other plant life. Broad-leaved willowherb (
4170:
Wagner, W.L. & Hoch, P.C. : Evening
Primrose Family website –
4066:
species by ATR-IR spectroscopy. Chemistry & Biodiversity, 5:310-317
4025:
997:
955:
917:
4377:
4017:
943:
871:
for dogs and applied sap from the stem to wounds, believing it to have
712:
673:
479:
337:
317:
139:
369:, but the modern trend is to include the previously recognised genera
324:. The genus has a worldwide distribution. It is most prevalent in the
4403:
4320:
4307:
883:
860:
830:
667:
557:
487:
329:
325:
4179:
604:). These two willowherb species also dominate open habitat early in
4525:
4202:
759:
656:
491:
399:, who has extensively studied the willowherbs and merges the other
366:
129:
106:
4312:
4040:"Epilobium Dill. ex L. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science"
4416:
2591:– chaparral willowherb, desert willowherb, smallflower willowherb
1707:– denseflower willowherb, dense spike-primrose, dense boisduvalia
811:
787:
771:
763:
536:
group and are further separated by some authorities into a genus
348:
341:
321:
4126:
Wagner, Warren L.; Hoch, Peter C. & Raven, Peter H. (2007).
428:
for their willow-like leaves. Those that were once separated in
3881:(Third ed.). Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press.
848:
844:
839:
779:
499:
119:
4299:
852:
834:
822:
807:
774:
disorders. Many of the small willowherb species are nuisance
507:
351:
306:
67:
16:
Genus of flowering plants in the willowherb family
Onagraceae
898:' studies of this genus paved the way for understanding of
843:("Indian ice cream"). In the late summer its flowers yield
775:
515:
495:
3778:
It is possible to distinguish between leaves of different
598:) is found in mesotrophic grassland with stinging nettle (
4157:"Onagraceae - The Evening Primrose Family: Chamaenerion"
758:
by humans is as a herbal supplement in the treatment of
532:) magenta flowers and alternate leaves are placed in a
3836:
2853:– small-flowered willowherb, hoary willowherb
4099:(HTML abstract, appendix reserved for subscribers)
3837:
910:The following species are recognised in the genus
3800:"Smithsonian National Museum of Natural history:
3146:– stiff willowherb, Siskiyou Mountains willowherb
4594:
4125:
2346:– milkflower willowherb, whiteflower willowherb
3289:– northern willowherb, Humboldt County fuchsia
786:, the larger willowherbs may be attractive in
878:Several researchers have studied this taxon.
620:) and sometimes the uncommon Greek valerian (
3901:Webb,D.A., Parnell, J. and Doogue, D. 1996.
2768:– dwarf willowherb, short-fruited willowherb
4004:(Onagraceae)? The old story in new words".
3905:Dundaldan Press (W. Tempest) Ltd, Dundalk.
3563:– Torrey's willowherb, brook spike-primrose
1503:– talus willowherb, clavatefruit willowherb
3968:
3792:
2459:– bog willowherb, linear-leaved willowherb
2174:– Yuba Pass willowherb, subalpine fireweed
424:Most species are known by the common name
365:of the genus has varied between different
31:
3105:– leafy willowherb, California willowherb
2779:– Grants Pass willowherb, Oregon fireweed
1482:– fringed willowherb, American willowherb
1145:– alpine willowherb, pimpernel willowherb
4129:Revised classification of the Onagraceae
3995:
3350:– Siskiyou willowherb, Siskiyou fireweed
1728:– downy willowherb, stiff spike-primrose
1031:
1018:
996:
984:
954:
942:
929:
916:
459:
417:; apparently these plants also commonly
4159:. Smithsonian Museum of Natural History
3989:
3869:
3867:
3759:
640:species are used as food plants by the
4595:
1400:– pygmy willowherb, smooth boisduvalia
547:
4184:
4183:
3873:
1184:(Cheeseman) P.H.Raven & Engelhorn
191:
4554:8fa41e11-dbfa-403b-8d04-2de30ef1d543
4479:5524dac7-a900-4cae-b614-0a68811ff1a9
3864:
3858:participating institution membership
1387:(Cockayne) P.H.Raven & Engelhorn
528:species with slightly asymmetrical (
782:. Though few are regularly used as
564:, for example, rosebay willowherb (
544:has not been universally accepted.
347:species are restricted to the cool
13:
4518:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30000954-2
3940:
3830:
14:
4624:
1235:(Allan) P.H.Raven & Engelhorn
444:species previously placed in the
3996:Sennikov, Alexander N. (2011). "
3976:"Smithsonian Onagraceae website"
2086:Epilobium × hectori-leveilleanum
749:
54:
4056:
4032:
3561:(S.Watson) Hoch & P.H.Raven
2387:– spear-leaved willowherb
3915:
3895:
3879:New Flora of the British Isles
3817:
3662:W.X.Wang, W.Y.Guo & Y.S.Fu
3480:C.J.Chen, Hoch & P.H.Raven
2883:C.J.Chen, Hoch & P.H.Raven
2163:– Hornemann's willowherb
1807:C.J.Chen, Hoch & P.H.Raven
1389:– New Zealand willowherb
745:), recorded on several species
735:), recorded on several species
725:), recorded on several species
690:), recorded on several species
680:), recorded on several species
663:), recorded on several species
574:dominated by false oat-grass (
455:
1:
4076:
2819:(Eastw.) Hoch & P.H.Raven
2602:– Olympic Mountain willowherb
1705:(Lindl.) Hoch & P.H.Raven
1512:(Curran) Hoch & P.H.Raven
1398:(Jeps.) Hoch & W.L.Wagner
4105:Journal of Ethnopharmacology
4096:10.1016/j.biocon.2007.02.004
3785:
3287:(D.D.Keck) Bowman & Hoch
2979:Epilobium × prionophylloides
2821:– largeflower spike-primrose
2066:Epilobium × haussknechtianum
1104:– chickweed willowherb
474:(zauschneria) releasing seed
7:
4613:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
3502:– square-stemmed willowherb
3348:(Munz) Hoch & P.H.Raven
3277:H.J.Chowdhery & S.Singh
3248:– Rocky Mountain willowherb
2701:Epilobium × novae-civitatis
1813:Epilobium fastigiatoramosum
1028:(small-flowered willowherb)
981:(square-stemmed willowherb)
592:), while great willowherb (
10:
4629:
4044:Plants of the World Online
3618:Epilobium × uechtritzianum
3449:(Meyen) Lievens & Hoch
3273:Epilobium semiamplexicaule
3009:Epilobium × pseudotrigonum
2949:Epilobium platystigmatosum
2711:Epilobium nummulariifolium
2696:– Snow Mountain willowherb
1426:Epilobium × celakovskyanum
1221:Epilobium × aschersonianum
1139:Epilobium anagallidifolium
970:Epilobium anagallidifolium
905:
867:found them also useful as
567:Chamaenerion angustifolium
4192:
4117:10.1016/j.jep.2005.07.007
3923:"Definition of EPILOBIUM"
3845:Oxford English Dictionary
3748:Epilobium × wisconsinense
3722:P.H.Raven & Engelhorn
3379:H.J.Chowdhery & Murti
3212:Epilobium rubromarginatum
2999:Epilobium pseudorubescens
2731:Epilobium × nutantiflorum
2638:Epilobium nankotaizanense
2623:– broad-leaved willowherb
2515:Epilobium × marshallianum
2448:– slenderfruit willowherb
1965:Epilobium × glanduligerum
1897:P.H.Raven & Engelhorn
1271:Epilobium billardiereanum
991:Epilobium billardierianum
880:Heinrich Carl Haussknecht
694:Australian grapevine moth
630:, rather few of them are
510:is a slender cylindrical
205:
198:
188:
183:
51:Scientific classification
49:
39:
30:
23:
4176:. Retrieved 2009-JAN-26.
3568:Epilobium × treleaseanum
3517:Epilobium × thuringiacum
3283:Epilobium septentrionale
3253:Epilobium × schmidtianum
3130:Epilobium rhynchospermum
3089:Epilobium pyrricholophum
2752:Epilobium × obscurescens
2649:Epilobium × neogradiense
2644:– Nankotaizan willowherb
2607:Epilobium × montaniforme
2334:R.Uechtr. & Hausskn.
2106:Epilobium × heterocaulon
2076:Epilobium × haynaldianum
1580:Epilobium × confusilobum
1560:Epilobium confertifolium
1363:Epilobium brevisquamatum
900:extranuclear inheritance
851:which give a rich spicy
729:Small elephant hawk-moth
336:regions, whereas in the
4084:Biological Conservation
3927:www.merriam-webster.com
3850:Oxford University Press
3688:Epilobium × waterfallii
3658:Epilobium verticillatum
3598:Epilobium turkestanicum
3578:Epilobium trichophyllum
3527:Epilobium tianschanicum
3455:Epilobium suffruticosum
3395:Epilobium stereophyllum
3263:Epilobium × schulzeanum
3192:Epilobium rotundifolium
3079:Epilobium pycnostachyum
2889:Epilobium × percollinum
2805:Epilobium pallidiflorum
2747:– rockfringe willowherb
2371:Epilobium × lamotteanum
2209:Epilobium × interjectum
2025:Epilobium griffithianum
1939:– smooth spike-primrose
1923:Epilobium × gerstlaueri
1620:Epilobium × cornubiense
1555:– purpleleaf willowherb
1302:Epilobium × borbasianum
1201:Epilobium × argillaceum
1170:Epilobium angustifolium
1038:Chamaenerion fleischeri
415:cryptic species complex
320:, containing about 197
3754:– Wisconsin willowherb
3678:Epilobium wallichianum
3628:Epilobium ulleungensis
3507:Epilobium thermophilum
3466:Epilobium × surreyanum
3435:Epilobium subcoriaceum
3415:Epilobium stracheyanum
3344:Epilobium siskiyouense
3242:Epilobium saximontanum
3232:Epilobium sarmentaceum
3161:Epilobium × rivulicola
2919:Epilobium × persicinum
2659:Epilobium nerterioides
2628:Epilobium nanhualpinum
2575:Epilobium minutiflorum
2565:Epilobium microphyllum
2545:Epilobium melanocaulon
2453:Epilobium leptophyllum
2402:Epilobium × laschianum
2299:Epilobium komarovianum
2289:Epilobium × kitcheneri
2249:Epilobium × keredjense
2229:Epilobium × jinshaense
2219:Epilobium × intersitum
2061:– glandular willowherb
1913:Epilobium × gemmiferum
1853:Epilobium × floridulum
1793:Epilobium × fallacinum
1743:Epilobium detznerianum
1733:Epilobium denticulatum
1670:Epilobium × dasycarpum
1519:Epilobium cockayneanum
1508:Epilobium cleistogamum
1466:Epilobium chlorifolium
1353:Epilobium × brevipilum
1322:Epilobium brachycarpum
1312:Epilobium × brachiatum
1119:Epilobium × amphibolum
1098:Epilobium alsinifolium
1058:Epilobium × aggregatum
1041:
1029:
1016:
994:
982:
965:(chickweed willowherb)
962:Epilobium alsinifolium
952:
940:
927:
923:Epilobium brachycarpum
678:Amphipyra tragopoginis
580:), cock's-foot grass (
478:Epilobiums are mostly
475:
421:with their congeners.
407:. Fringed willowherb (
3476:Epilobium taiwanianum
3445:Epilobium subdentatum
3324:Epilobium × simulatum
3314:Epilobium × similatum
3069:Epilobium × purpureum
2909:Epilobium perpusillum
2868:Epilobium pedunculare
2858:Epilobium pedicellare
2847:Epilobium parviflorum
2795:Epilobium × palatinum
2535:Epilobium maysillesii
2505:Epilobium margaretiae
2474:Epilobium lipschitzii
2442:Epilobium leptocarpum
2432:Epilobium leiophyllum
2392:Epilobium × langeanum
2381:Epilobium lanceolatum
2351:Epilobium ladakhianum
2340:Epilobium lactiflorum
2320:Epilobium korshinskyi
2157:Epilobium hornemannii
2045:Epilobium × gutteanum
1950:– glaucous willowherb
1944:Epilobium glaberrimum
1873:Epilobium × fossicola
1833:Epilobium × finitimum
1712:Epilobium densifolium
1701:Epilobium densiflorum
1691:Epilobium × decipiens
1650:Epilobium cylindricum
1456:Epilobium chitralense
1446:Epilobium chionanthum
1383:Epilobium brunnescens
1373:Epilobium × brunnatum
1333:Epilobium brevifolium
1292:Epilobium × boissieri
1277:– glabrous willowherb
1255:Poepp. & Hausskn.
1068:Epilobium aitchisonii
1048:Epilobium × abortivum
1035:
1025:Epilobium parviflorum
1022:
1000:
988:
958:
946:
933:
920:
816:Southern Ostrobothnia
698:Phalaenoides glycinae
661:Eupithecia subfuscata
634:of major importance.
606:ecological succession
577:Arrhenatherum elatius
570:) is widely found on
463:
3760:Formerly placed here
3738:Epilobium × winkleri
3708:Epilobium williamsii
3648:Epilobium vernonicum
3638:Epilobium vernicosum
3588:Epilobium tulinianum
3547:Epilobium tonkinense
3496:Epilobium tetragonum
3486:Epilobium tasmanicum
3461:– shrubby willowherb
3425:Epilobium subalgidum
3385:Epilobium staintonii
3304:Epilobium sikkimense
3294:Epilobium × sericeum
3151:Epilobium × rivulare
3110:Epilobium rechingeri
3059:Epilobium purpuratum
3049:Epilobium × pulchrum
2989:Epilobium prostratum
2969:Epilobium porphyrium
2903:Cockayne & Allan
2874:– rockery willowherb
2784:Epilobium oregonense
2741:Epilobium obcordatum
2555:Epilobium × mentiens
2525:Epilobium matthewsii
2412:Epilobium latifolium
2239:Epilobium karsteniae
2233:P.H.Raven & H.Li
2147:Epilobium hooglandii
2137:Epilobium hohuanense
2127:Epilobium hirtigerum
2019:Rouy & E.G.Camus
2015:Epilobium × grenieri
2005:Epilobium gracilipes
1903:Epilobium gemmascens
1843:Epilobium fleischeri
1783:Epilobium × erroneum
1686:– Daurian willowherb
1610:Epilobium conspersum
1600:Epilobium conjungens
1514:– selfing willowherb
1487:Epilobium clarkeanum
1261:Epilobium barbeyanum
1241:Epilobium atlanticum
1215:Rouy & E.G.Camus
1211:Epilobium arvernense
1150:Epilobium anatolicum
1109:Epilobium alsinoides
978:Epilobium tetragonum
733:Deilephila porcellus
623:Polemonium caeruleum
514:containing numerous
356:New Guinea Highlands
3848:(Online ed.).
3698:Epilobium wattianum
3668:Epilobium × vicinum
3608:Epilobium × udicola
3537:Epilobium tibetanum
3375:Epilobium spitianum
3365:Epilobium speciosum
3202:Epilobium royleanum
3182:Epilobium rostratum
3039:Epilobium puberulum
2899:Epilobium pernitens
2790:– Oregon willowherb
2756:Kitch. & McKean
2675:– Nevada willowherb
2669:Epilobium nevadense
2490:– yellow willowherb
2464:Epilobium × limosum
2385:Sebast. & Mauri
2361:Epilobium laestadii
2330:Epilobium × krausei
2310:Epilobium komarovii
2305:– bronzy willowherb
2279:Epilobium kingdonii
2055:Epilobium hallianum
2035:Epilobium gunnianum
1985:Epilobium × goerzii
1933:Epilobium glabellum
1893:Epilobium fugitivum
1680:Epilobium davuricum
1660:Epilobium × dacicum
1640:Epilobium curtisiae
1624:Kitch. & McKean
1584:Kitch. & McKean
1570:Epilobium × confine
1549:Epilobium coloratum
1529:Epilobium colchicum
1440:Kitch. & McKean
1436:Epilobium × chateri
1420:Buchinger ex Krauss
1394:Epilobium campestre
1377:Kitch. & McKean
1245:Litard. & Maire
1196:– Arctic willowherb
973:(alpine willowherb)
648:species, including:
617:Filipendula ulmaria
586:), and red fescue (
548:Habitat and ecology
448:group are known as
45:(great willowherb)
4018:10.1002/tax.605028
3767:Stylidium tenellum
3728:Epilobium wilsonii
3718:Epilobium willisii
3405:Epilobium stevenii
3222:Epilobium salignum
3120:Epilobium × reedii
3093:Franch. & Sav.
3019:Epilobium psilotum
2959:Epilobium ponticum
2929:Epilobium petraeum
2837:Epilobium pannosum
2832:– marsh willowherb
2826:Epilobium palustre
2815:Epilobium pallidum
2773:Epilobium oreganum
2762:Epilobium obscurum
2715:R.Cunn. ex A.Cunn.
2617:Epilobium montanum
2596:Epilobium mirabile
2495:Epilobium macropus
2269:Epilobium keysseri
2259:Epilobium kermodei
2253:Bornm. & Gauba
2199:Epilobium insulare
2183:Borbás ex Hausskn.
2179:Epilobium × huteri
2168:Epilobium howellii
2116:Epilobium hirsutum
2096:Epilobium hectorii
1955:Epilobium glaciale
1863:Epilobium forbesii
1753:Epilobium dodonaei
1590:Epilobium confusum
1539:Epilobium collinum
1497:Epilobium clavatum
1476:Epilobium ciliatum
1409:(Greene) P.H.Raven
1343:Epilobium brevipes
1251:Epilobium australe
1190:Epilobium arcticum
1180:Epilobium angustum
1160:Epilobium anglicum
1129:Epilobium amurense
1088:Epilobium alpestre
1042:
1030:
1017:
1015:(dwarf willowherb)
1012:Epilobium obscurum
995:
983:
953:
949:Epilobium alpestre
941:
928:
739:White-lined sphinx
723:Deilephila elpenor
719:Elephant hawk-moth
702:fringed willowherb
684:Small angle shades
611:Epilobium montanum
595:Epilobium hirsutum
583:Dactylis glomerata
476:
410:Epilobium ciliatum
271:Speg. ex H.Lév.
42:Epilobium hirsutum
4608:Onagraceae genera
4590:
4589:
4487:Open Tree of Life
4186:Taxon identifiers
4142:978-0-912861-83-8
3948:"The Plant List:
3856:(Subscription or
3602:Pazij & Vved.
3557:Epilobium torreyi
3355:Epilobium smithii
3334:Epilobium sinense
3177:– pale willowherb
3175:(Schreb.) Schreb.
3140:Epilobium rigidum
3103:Hoch & Gandhi
3099:Epilobium ravenii
2585:Epilobium minutum
2189:Epilobium indicum
1995:Epilobium gouldii
1975:Epilobium glaucum
1883:Epilobium fragile
1823:Epilobium fauriei
1773:Epilobium elegans
1763:Epilobium duriaei
1684:Fisch. ex Hornem.
1630:Epilobium crassum
1416:Epilobium capense
1231:Epilobium astonii
1078:Epilobium algidum
1007:(pale willowherb)
926:(tall willowherb)
800:bombing of London
784:ornamental plants
688:Euplexia lucipara
572:mesotrophic soils
298:
297:
292:
282:
272:
264:
256:
248:
240:
225:
215:
179:
4620:
4583:
4582:
4570:
4569:
4557:
4556:
4544:
4543:
4534:
4533:
4521:
4520:
4508:
4507:
4495:
4494:
4482:
4481:
4472:
4471:
4459:
4458:
4456:NHMSYS0000458391
4446:
4445:
4433:
4432:
4420:
4419:
4407:
4406:
4394:
4393:
4381:
4380:
4368:
4367:
4355:
4354:
4342:
4341:
4329:
4328:
4316:
4315:
4303:
4302:
4290:
4289:
4277:
4276:
4264:
4263:
4251:
4250:
4238:
4237:
4228:
4227:
4226:
4213:
4212:
4211:
4181:
4180:
4167:
4165:
4164:
4152:
4150:
4149:
4134:
4119:
4098:
4070:
4060:
4054:
4053:
4051:
4050:
4036:
4030:
4029:
4012:(5): 1485–1488.
3993:
3987:
3986:
3984:
3982:
3972:
3966:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3944:
3938:
3937:
3935:
3933:
3919:
3913:
3899:
3893:
3892:
3871:
3862:
3861:
3853:
3841:
3834:
3828:
3821:
3815:
3814:
3812:
3810:
3796:
3753:
3743:
3733:
3723:
3713:
3703:
3693:
3683:
3673:
3663:
3653:
3643:
3633:
3623:
3613:
3603:
3593:
3583:
3573:
3562:
3552:
3542:
3532:
3522:
3512:
3501:
3491:
3481:
3471:
3460:
3450:
3440:
3430:
3420:
3410:
3400:
3390:
3380:
3370:
3360:
3349:
3339:
3329:
3319:
3309:
3299:
3288:
3278:
3268:
3258:
3247:
3237:
3227:
3217:
3207:
3197:
3187:
3176:
3171:Epilobium roseum
3166:
3156:
3145:
3135:
3125:
3115:
3104:
3094:
3084:
3074:
3064:
3054:
3044:
3043:Hook. & Arn.
3034:
3029:Epilobium pubens
3024:
3023:Maire & Sam.
3014:
3004:
2994:
2984:
2974:
2964:
2954:
2944:
2939:Epilobium pictum
2934:
2924:
2914:
2904:
2894:
2884:
2879:Epilobium pengii
2873:
2863:
2852:
2842:
2831:
2820:
2810:
2800:
2789:
2778:
2767:
2757:
2746:
2736:
2726:
2721:Epilobium nutans
2716:
2706:
2695:
2690:Epilobium nivium
2685:
2680:Epilobium nivale
2674:
2664:
2654:
2643:
2633:
2622:
2612:
2611:K.Knaf ex Čelak.
2601:
2590:
2580:
2570:
2560:
2550:
2540:
2530:
2520:
2510:
2500:
2489:
2484:Epilobium luteum
2479:
2469:
2458:
2447:
2437:
2427:
2417:
2407:
2397:
2386:
2376:
2366:
2356:
2345:
2335:
2325:
2315:
2304:
2294:
2284:
2274:
2264:
2254:
2244:
2234:
2224:
2214:
2204:
2194:
2184:
2173:
2162:
2152:
2142:
2132:
2121:
2111:
2101:
2091:
2081:
2071:
2060:
2050:
2040:
2030:
2020:
2010:
2000:
1990:
1980:
1970:
1960:
1949:
1938:
1928:
1918:
1908:
1898:
1888:
1878:
1868:
1858:
1848:
1838:
1828:
1818:
1808:
1803:Epilobium fangii
1798:
1788:
1778:
1768:
1758:
1748:
1747:Schltr. ex Diels
1738:
1727:
1722:Epilobium densum
1717:
1706:
1696:
1685:
1675:
1665:
1655:
1645:
1635:
1625:
1615:
1605:
1595:
1585:
1575:
1565:
1554:
1544:
1534:
1524:
1513:
1502:
1492:
1481:
1471:
1461:
1451:
1441:
1431:
1421:
1410:
1399:
1388:
1378:
1368:
1358:
1348:
1338:
1327:
1317:
1307:
1297:
1287:
1282:Epilobium blinii
1276:
1266:
1256:
1246:
1236:
1226:
1216:
1206:
1195:
1185:
1175:
1165:
1155:
1144:
1134:
1124:
1114:
1103:
1093:
1083:
1073:
1063:
1053:
1004:Epilobium roseum
894:of willowherbs.
873:antiinflammatory
796:E. angustifolium
754:The main use of
311:flowering plants
288:
278:
270:
262:
254:
246:
231:
221:
211:
175:
59:
58:
35:
21:
20:
4628:
4627:
4623:
4622:
4621:
4619:
4618:
4617:
4593:
4592:
4591:
4586:
4578:
4573:
4565:
4560:
4552:
4547:
4539:
4537:
4529:
4524:
4516:
4511:
4503:
4498:
4490:
4485:
4477:
4475:
4467:
4462:
4454:
4449:
4441:
4436:
4428:
4423:
4415:
4410:
4402:
4397:
4389:
4384:
4376:
4371:
4363:
4358:
4350:
4345:
4337:
4332:
4324:
4319:
4311:
4306:
4298:
4293:
4285:
4280:
4272:
4267:
4259:
4254:
4246:
4241:
4233:
4231:
4222:
4221:
4216:
4207:
4206:
4201:
4188:
4162:
4160:
4155:
4147:
4145:
4143:
4132:
4111:
4090:
4079:
4074:
4073:
4061:
4057:
4048:
4046:
4038:
4037:
4033:
3994:
3990:
3980:
3978:
3974:
3973:
3969:
3956:
3954:
3946:
3945:
3941:
3931:
3929:
3921:
3920:
3916:
3903:An Irish Flora.
3900:
3896:
3889:
3872:
3865:
3855:
3835:
3831:
3822:
3818:
3808:
3806:
3798:
3797:
3793:
3788:
3762:
3757:
3751:
3741:
3731:
3721:
3711:
3701:
3691:
3681:
3671:
3661:
3651:
3641:
3631:
3621:
3611:
3601:
3591:
3581:
3571:
3560:
3550:
3540:
3530:
3520:
3510:
3499:
3489:
3479:
3469:
3458:
3448:
3438:
3428:
3418:
3408:
3398:
3388:
3378:
3368:
3358:
3347:
3337:
3327:
3317:
3307:
3297:
3286:
3276:
3266:
3256:
3245:
3235:
3225:
3215:
3205:
3195:
3185:
3174:
3164:
3154:
3143:
3133:
3123:
3113:
3102:
3092:
3082:
3072:
3062:
3052:
3042:
3032:
3022:
3012:
3002:
2992:
2982:
2972:
2962:
2952:
2942:
2932:
2922:
2912:
2902:
2892:
2882:
2871:
2861:
2850:
2840:
2829:
2818:
2809:Sol. ex A.Cunn.
2808:
2798:
2787:
2776:
2765:
2755:
2744:
2734:
2724:
2714:
2704:
2693:
2683:
2672:
2662:
2652:
2641:
2631:
2620:
2610:
2599:
2589:Lindl. ex Lehm.
2588:
2578:
2568:
2558:
2548:
2538:
2528:
2518:
2508:
2498:
2487:
2477:
2467:
2456:
2445:
2435:
2425:
2422:Epilobium laxum
2415:
2405:
2395:
2384:
2374:
2364:
2354:
2343:
2333:
2323:
2313:
2302:
2292:
2282:
2272:
2262:
2252:
2242:
2232:
2222:
2212:
2202:
2192:
2182:
2171:
2160:
2150:
2140:
2130:
2119:
2109:
2099:
2089:
2079:
2069:
2058:
2048:
2038:
2028:
2018:
2008:
1998:
1988:
1978:
1968:
1958:
1947:
1936:
1926:
1916:
1906:
1896:
1886:
1876:
1866:
1856:
1846:
1836:
1826:
1816:
1806:
1796:
1786:
1776:
1766:
1756:
1746:
1737:Ruiz & Pav.
1736:
1725:
1715:
1704:
1694:
1683:
1673:
1663:
1653:
1643:
1633:
1623:
1613:
1603:
1593:
1583:
1573:
1563:
1552:
1542:
1532:
1522:
1511:
1500:
1490:
1479:
1469:
1459:
1449:
1439:
1429:
1419:
1408:
1405:Epilobium canum
1397:
1386:
1376:
1366:
1356:
1346:
1336:
1325:
1315:
1305:
1295:
1285:
1274:
1264:
1254:
1244:
1234:
1224:
1214:
1204:
1193:
1183:
1173:
1163:
1153:
1142:
1132:
1122:
1112:
1101:
1091:
1081:
1071:
1061:
1051:
1008:
974:
966:
936:Epilobium canum
908:
896:Peter Michaelis
869:food supplement
752:
700:), recorded on
649:
550:
482:plants, either
471:Epilobium canum
458:
434:spike-primroses
174:
53:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4626:
4616:
4615:
4610:
4605:
4588:
4587:
4585:
4584:
4571:
4567:wfo-4000013609
4558:
4545:
4535:
4522:
4509:
4496:
4483:
4473:
4460:
4447:
4434:
4421:
4408:
4395:
4382:
4369:
4356:
4343:
4330:
4317:
4304:
4291:
4278:
4265:
4252:
4239:
4229:
4214:
4198:
4196:
4190:
4189:
4178:
4177:
4168:
4153:
4141:
4123:
4100:
4089:(2): 248-253.
4078:
4075:
4072:
4071:
4055:
4031:
3988:
3967:
3939:
3914:
3894:
3887:
3863:
3829:
3816:
3790:
3789:
3787:
3784:
3776:
3775:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3755:
3744:
3734:
3724:
3714:
3704:
3694:
3684:
3674:
3664:
3654:
3644:
3634:
3624:
3614:
3604:
3594:
3584:
3574:
3564:
3553:
3543:
3533:
3523:
3513:
3503:
3492:
3482:
3472:
3462:
3451:
3441:
3431:
3421:
3411:
3401:
3391:
3381:
3371:
3361:
3351:
3340:
3330:
3320:
3310:
3300:
3290:
3279:
3269:
3259:
3249:
3238:
3228:
3218:
3208:
3198:
3188:
3178:
3167:
3157:
3147:
3136:
3126:
3116:
3106:
3095:
3085:
3075:
3065:
3055:
3045:
3035:
3025:
3015:
3005:
2995:
2985:
2975:
2965:
2955:
2945:
2935:
2925:
2915:
2905:
2895:
2885:
2875:
2864:
2854:
2843:
2833:
2822:
2811:
2801:
2791:
2780:
2769:
2758:
2748:
2737:
2727:
2717:
2707:
2697:
2686:
2676:
2665:
2655:
2645:
2634:
2624:
2613:
2603:
2600:Trel. ex Piper
2592:
2581:
2571:
2561:
2551:
2541:
2531:
2521:
2511:
2501:
2491:
2480:
2470:
2460:
2449:
2438:
2428:
2418:
2408:
2398:
2388:
2377:
2367:
2357:
2347:
2336:
2326:
2316:
2306:
2295:
2285:
2275:
2265:
2255:
2245:
2235:
2225:
2215:
2205:
2195:
2185:
2175:
2164:
2153:
2143:
2133:
2123:
2112:
2102:
2092:
2082:
2072:
2062:
2051:
2041:
2031:
2021:
2011:
2001:
1991:
1981:
1971:
1961:
1951:
1940:
1929:
1919:
1909:
1899:
1889:
1879:
1869:
1859:
1849:
1839:
1829:
1819:
1809:
1799:
1789:
1779:
1769:
1767:J.Gay ex Godr.
1759:
1749:
1739:
1729:
1718:
1708:
1697:
1687:
1676:
1666:
1656:
1646:
1636:
1626:
1616:
1606:
1596:
1586:
1576:
1566:
1556:
1545:
1535:
1525:
1515:
1504:
1493:
1483:
1472:
1462:
1452:
1442:
1432:
1422:
1412:
1401:
1390:
1379:
1369:
1359:
1349:
1339:
1329:
1318:
1308:
1298:
1288:
1278:
1267:
1257:
1247:
1237:
1227:
1217:
1207:
1197:
1186:
1176:
1166:
1156:
1146:
1135:
1125:
1115:
1105:
1094:
1092:(Jacq.) Krock.
1084:
1074:
1064:
1054:
1043:
907:
904:
814:in Norway and
751:
748:
747:
746:
736:
726:
710:
709:
691:
681:
665:
664:
632:invasive weeds
628:pioneer plants
562:United Kingdom
549:
546:
457:
454:
413:) is likely a
397:Peter H. Raven
354:, such as the
296:
295:
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273:
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252:Cratericarpium
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37:
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28:
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15:
9:
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4:
3:
2:
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3911:0-85221-131-7
3908:
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3898:
3890:
3888:9780521707725
3884:
3880:
3876:
3870:
3868:
3859:
3851:
3847:
3846:
3840:
3839:"willow-herb"
3833:
3826:
3820:
3805:
3803:
3795:
3791:
3783:
3781:
3773:
3772:E. tonkinense
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3020:
3016:
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3006:
3003:A.K.Skvortsov
3001:
3000:
2996:
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1126:
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1120:
1116:
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1021:
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1006:
1005:
999:
993:
992:
987:
980:
979:
972:
971:
967:Bottom left:
964:
963:
957:
951:
950:
945:
939:(zauschneria)
938:
937:
932:
925:
924:
919:
915:
913:
903:
901:
897:
893:
889:
885:
881:
876:
874:
870:
866:
862:
858:
854:
850:
846:
842:
841:
836:
832:
828:
824:
819:
817:
813:
809:
805:
804:floral emblem
801:
797:
793:
789:
785:
781:
777:
773:
769:
765:
761:
757:
750:Use by humans
744:
743:Hyles lineata
740:
737:
734:
730:
727:
724:
720:
717:
716:
715:
714:
707:
703:
699:
695:
692:
689:
685:
682:
679:
675:
672:
671:
670:
669:
662:
658:
655:
654:
653:
652:
647:
643:
639:
635:
633:
629:
625:
624:
619:
618:
613:
612:
607:
603:
602:
601:Urtica dioica
597:
596:
591:
590:
589:Festuca rubra
585:
584:
579:
578:
573:
569:
568:
563:
559:
555:
545:
543:
539:
535:
531:
527:
522:
519:
517:
513:
509:
505:
504:actinomorphic
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
473:
472:
467:
462:
453:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
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420:
416:
412:
411:
406:
402:
398:
395:according to
394:
390:
386:
382:
378:
377:
372:
368:
364:
359:
357:
353:
350:
346:
343:
339:
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308:
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303:
291:
287:
284:
281:
277:
274:
269:
266:
261:
258:
253:
250:
245:
244:Cordylophorum
242:
239:
235:
230:
227:
224:
220:
217:
214:
210:
207:
206:
204:
201:
197:
194:
193:
190:160-200, see
187:
182:
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173:
172:
168:
165:
164:
161:
158:
155:
154:
151:
148:
145:
144:
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138:
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128:
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118:
115:
112:
111:
108:
105:
102:
99:
98:
95:
92:
89:
86:
85:
82:
81:Tracheophytes
79:
76:
73:
72:
69:
66:
63:
62:
57:
52:
48:
44:
43:
38:
34:
29:
26:
22:
19:
4193:
4172:
4161:. Retrieved
4146:. Retrieved
4128:
4121:PDF fulltext
4110:(1): 71–75.
4107:
4104:
4086:
4083:
4063:
4058:
4047:. Retrieved
4043:
4034:
4009:
4005:
4002:Chamaenerion
4001:
3997:
3991:
3979:. Retrieved
3970:
3964:
3955:. Retrieved
3953:
3949:
3942:
3930:. Retrieved
3926:
3917:
3902:
3897:
3878:
3875:Stace, C. A.
3843:
3832:
3824:
3819:
3807:. Retrieved
3801:
3794:
3779:
3777:
3771:
3765:
3746:
3736:
3726:
3716:
3706:
3696:
3692:E.S.Marshall
3686:
3676:
3666:
3656:
3646:
3636:
3626:
3616:
3606:
3596:
3586:
3576:
3566:
3555:
3545:
3535:
3525:
3515:
3505:
3494:
3484:
3474:
3470:E.S.Marshall
3464:
3453:
3443:
3433:
3423:
3413:
3403:
3393:
3383:
3373:
3363:
3353:
3342:
3332:
3322:
3312:
3302:
3292:
3281:
3271:
3261:
3251:
3240:
3230:
3220:
3210:
3200:
3190:
3180:
3169:
3159:
3149:
3138:
3128:
3118:
3108:
3097:
3087:
3077:
3067:
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3047:
3037:
3027:
3017:
3007:
2997:
2987:
2977:
2967:
2957:
2947:
2937:
2927:
2917:
2907:
2897:
2887:
2877:
2866:
2856:
2845:
2835:
2824:
2813:
2803:
2793:
2782:
2771:
2760:
2750:
2739:
2729:
2719:
2709:
2699:
2688:
2678:
2667:
2657:
2647:
2636:
2626:
2615:
2605:
2594:
2583:
2573:
2563:
2553:
2543:
2533:
2523:
2513:
2503:
2493:
2482:
2472:
2462:
2451:
2440:
2430:
2420:
2410:
2400:
2390:
2379:
2369:
2359:
2349:
2338:
2328:
2318:
2308:
2297:
2287:
2277:
2267:
2257:
2247:
2237:
2227:
2217:
2207:
2197:
2187:
2177:
2166:
2155:
2145:
2135:
2125:
2114:
2104:
2094:
2084:
2074:
2064:
2053:
2043:
2033:
2023:
2013:
2003:
1993:
1983:
1973:
1963:
1953:
1942:
1931:
1921:
1911:
1901:
1891:
1881:
1871:
1861:
1851:
1841:
1831:
1821:
1811:
1801:
1791:
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1699:
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1403:
1392:
1381:
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1361:
1351:
1341:
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1269:
1259:
1249:
1239:
1229:
1219:
1209:
1199:
1188:
1178:
1168:
1164:E.S.Marshall
1158:
1148:
1137:
1127:
1117:
1107:
1096:
1086:
1076:
1066:
1056:
1046:
1036:
1023:
1010:
1002:
989:
976:
968:
960:
947:
934:
921:
911:
909:
877:
875:properties.
857:provitamin A
847:and copious
838:
820:
818:in Finland.
795:
792:circumboreal
768:incontinence
755:
753:
742:
732:
722:
711:
705:
697:
687:
677:
666:
660:
642:caterpillars
637:
636:
621:
615:
609:
599:
593:
587:
581:
575:
565:
553:
552:Willowherbs
551:
541:
537:
534:Chamaenerion
533:
525:
524:A number of
523:
520:
490:; a few are
477:
469:
446:Chamaenerion
445:
441:
438:boisduvalias
437:
433:
429:
425:
423:
408:
404:
403:genera into
392:
388:
384:
380:
379:(previously
376:Chamaenerion
374:
370:
360:
344:
334:subantarctic
301:
300:
299:
285:
275:
268:Epilobiopsis
267:
260:Crossostigma
259:
251:
243:
228:
219:Chamaenerion
218:
208:
189:
170:
169:
113:
100:
87:
74:
40:
24:
18:
4399:iNaturalist
4218:Wikispecies
3981:22 February
3957:22 February
3809:22 February
2983:Hand.-Mazz.
2799:F.W.Schultz
2725:F.W.Schmidt
1695:F.W.Schultz
902:in plants.
888:systematics
810:in Canada,
706:E. ciliatum
651:Geometridae
646:Lepidoptera
644:of certain
540:. However,
530:zygomorphic
456:Description
432:are called
430:Boisduvalia
426:willowherbs
389:Zauschneria
385:Pyrogennema
371:Boisduvalia
286:Zauschneria
276:Pyrogennema
209:Boisduvalia
150:Onagroideae
146:Subfamily:
94:Angiosperms
4597:Categories
4163:2017-02-22
4148:2017-02-22
4077:References
4049:2023-10-25
3950:Chamerion"
3860:required.)
959:Top left:
794:fireweed (
713:Sphingidae
674:Mouse moth
558:ecosystems
554:sensu lato
480:herbaceous
338:subtropics
318:Onagraceae
236:) Raf. ex
160:Epilobieae
140:Onagraceae
4603:Epilobium
4352:Epilobium
4321:FloraBase
4287:Epilobium
4224:Epilobium
4194:Epilobium
4173:Epilobium
4064:Epilobium
3998:Chamerion
3932:30 August
3802:Epilobium
3786:Footnotes
3780:Epilobium
3712:P.H.Raven
3642:Cheeseman
3389:P.H.Raven
3186:Cheeseman
3114:P.H.Raven
2973:G.Simpson
2694:Brandegee
2283:P.H.Raven
2263:P.H.Raven
2151:P.H.Raven
1999:P.H.Raven
1959:P.H.Raven
1644:P.H.Raven
1543:C.C.Gmel.
1460:P.H.Raven
1367:P.H.Raven
1072:P.H.Raven
912:Epilobium
884:phylogeny
861:vitamin C
831:ice cream
756:Epilobium
668:Noctuidae
638:Epilobium
560:. In the
542:Chamerion
538:Chamerion
526:Epilobium
492:subshrubs
488:perennial
450:fireweeds
442:Epilobium
419:hybridize
405:Epilobium
401:segregate
393:Epilobium
381:Chamerion
367:botanists
345:Epilobium
330:temperate
326:subarctic
302:Epilobium
229:Chamerion
171:Epilobium
64:Kingdom:
25:Epilobium
4549:VicFlora
4538:VASCAN:
4531:40004216
4526:Tropicos
4282:eFloraSA
4203:Wikidata
4026:41317556
3877:(2010).
3823:Bleeker
3702:Hausskn.
3682:Hausskn.
3652:Snogerup
3612:Hausskn.
3592:S.S.Ying
3582:Hausskn.
3541:Hausskn.
3521:Hausskn.
3490:Hausskn.
3439:Hausskn.
3429:Hausskn.
3419:Hausskn.
3328:Hausskn.
3318:Hausskn.
3308:Hausskn.
3267:Hausskn.
3246:Hausskn.
3236:Hausskn.
3226:Hausskn.
3216:Cockayne
3206:Hausskn.
3196:G.Forst.
3165:Hausskn.
3155:Wahlenb.
3144:Hausskn.
3134:Hausskn.
3083:Hausskn.
2963:Hausskn.
2953:C.B.Rob.
2913:Hausskn.
2841:Hausskn.
2788:Hausskn.
2632:S.S.Ying
2579:Hausskn.
2519:Hausskn.
2446:Hausskn.
2436:Hausskn.
2406:Hausskn.
2396:Hausskn.
2375:Hausskn.
2355:T.K.Paul
2344:Hausskn.
2324:Morozova
2223:Hausskn.
2203:Hausskn.
2193:Hausskn.
2141:S.S.Ying
2100:Hausskn.
2080:Hausskn.
2059:Hausskn.
2049:Gnüchtel
2039:Hausskn.
2029:Hausskn.
1937:G.Forst.
1907:C.A.Mey.
1837:Hausskn.
1797:Hausskn.
1787:Hausskn.
1716:Hausskn.
1614:Hausskn.
1604:Skottsb.
1594:Hausskn.
1574:Hausskn.
1491:Hausskn.
1470:Hausskn.
1450:Hausskn.
1430:Hausskn.
1357:Hausskn.
1306:Hausskn.
1296:Hausskn.
1225:Hausskn.
1154:Hausskn.
1133:Hausskn.
1123:Hausskn.
1052:Hausskn.
975:Center:
892:taxonomy
865:Dena’ina
760:prostate
657:Grey pug
440:. Those
363:taxonomy
263:Spach
255:Spach
247:Rydb.
200:Synonyms
184:Species
136:Family:
130:Myrtales
107:Eudicots
4430:1342150
4417:28469-1
4378:3189067
4209:Q157637
3742:A.Kern.
3672:Smejkal
3632:J.Chung
3511:Paulsen
3399:Fresen.
3063:Hook.f.
3033:A.Rich.
2893:Simonk.
2872:A.Cunn.
2862:C.Presl
2851:Schreb.
2766:Schreb.
2735:Smejkal
2705:Smejkal
2663:A.Cunn.
2569:A.Rich.
2559:Smejkal
2509:Brockie
2478:Pachom.
2243:Compton
2213:Smejkal
2131:A.Cunn.
1877:Smejkal
1857:Smejkal
1847:Hochst.
1634:Hook.f.
1564:Hook.f.
1553:Biehler
1347:Hook.f.
1326:C.Presl
1113:A.Cunn.
1082:M.Bieb.
1009:Right:
906:Species
827:jellies
812:Hedmark
788:ruderal
780:gardens
772:hormone
764:bladder
512:capsule
500:flowers
466:capsule
391:within
349:montane
342:tropics
322:species
313:in the
290:C.Presl
166:Genus:
156:Tribe:
126:Order:
68:Plantae
4580:425964
4500:PLANTS
4492:139464
4476:NZOR:
4365:111844
4339:111844
4261:121646
4235:190545
4232:APDB:
4139:
4024:
3909:
3885:
3827:(2007)
3825:et al.
3732:Petrie
3572:H.Lév.
3551:H.Lév.
3531:Pavlov
3409:Boiss.
3369:Decne.
3359:H.Lév.
3338:H.Lév.
3298:Bernh.
3257:Rostk.
3124:H.Lév.
3053:Suksd.
3013:Borbás
2943:Petrie
2933:Heenan
2777:Greene
2745:A.Gray
2653:Borbás
2642:Yamam.
2529:Petrie
2365:Kytöv.
2303:H.Lév.
2293:McKean
2110:Borbás
2090:Thell.
2070:Borbás
1989:Rubner
1969:K.Knaf
1948:Barbey
1927:Rubner
1917:Boreau
1827:H.Lév.
1777:Petrie
1664:Borbás
1523:Petrie
1316:Čelak.
1286:H.Lév.
1265:H.Lév.
1205:Kitch.
1062:Čelak.
1001:Left:
890:, and
863:. The
849:nectar
845:pollen
840:sxusem
837:, and
770:) and
496:leaves
494:. The
484:annual
352:biomes
315:family
280:Lunell
120:Rosids
4575:WoRMS
4505:EPILO
4469:13054
4443:27280
4425:IRMNG
4404:52972
4347:FoAO2
4326:21856
4313:1EPIG
4300:40141
4248:87954
4133:(PDF)
4022:JSTOR
4006:Taxon
3854:
3752:Ugent
3459:Nutt.
2993:Warb.
2923:Rchb.
2684:Meyen
2549:Hook.
2499:Hook.
2488:Pursh
2468:Schur
2426:Royle
2314:Ovcz.
2273:Diels
2161:Rchb.
1979:Phil.
1867:Allan
1817:Nakai
1757:Vill.
1654:D.Don
1533:Albov
1501:Trel.
1337:D.Don
1102:Vill.
853:honey
835:syrup
823:candy
808:Yukon
776:weeds
516:seeds
508:fruit
464:Ripe
307:genus
305:is a
238:Holub
213:Spach
114:Clade
101:Clade
88:Clade
75:Clade
4541:1140
4513:POWO
4464:NCBI
4438:ITIS
4412:IPNI
4391:4311
4386:GRIN
4373:GBIF
4308:EPPO
4274:4D6C
4256:BOLD
4243:APNI
4137:ISBN
3983:2017
3959:2017
3934:2021
3907:ISBN
3883:ISBN
3811:2017
3770:(as
2673:Munz
2539:Munz
2457:Raf.
2172:Hoch
2009:Kirk
1887:Sam.
1726:Raf.
1480:Raf.
1275:Ser.
1194:Sam.
1143:Lam.
859:and
502:are
387:and
361:The
340:and
332:and
234:Raf.
223:Ség.
192:text
4562:WFO
4451:NBN
4360:FoC
4334:FNA
4295:EoL
4269:CoL
4113:doi
4108:103
4092:doi
4087:137
4014:doi
4000:or
3622:Pax
3073:Fr.
1674:Fr.
806:of
778:in
486:or
468:of
436:or
383:),
309:of
4599::
4577::
4564::
4551::
4528::
4515::
4502::
4489::
4466::
4453::
4440::
4427::
4414::
4401::
4388::
4375::
4362::
4349::
4336::
4323::
4310::
4297::
4284::
4271::
4258::
4245::
4220::
4205::
4042:.
4020:.
4010:60
4008:.
3925:.
3866:^
3842:.
3500:L.
2830:L.
2621:L.
2416:L.
2120:L.
1174:L.
914::
886:,
833:,
829:,
825:,
762:,
452:.
373:,
358:.
328:,
177:L.
116::
103::
90::
77::
4166:.
4151:.
4115::
4094::
4052:.
4028:.
4016::
3985:.
3961:.
3936:.
3891:.
3852:.
3813:.
3804:"
3774:)
766:(
741:(
731:(
721:(
708:)
704:(
696:(
686:(
676:(
659:(
232:(
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