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due to the high moisture that comes in from the coast. It is unclear how these populations were able to end up in this coastal region, but it is hypothesized that “the subspecies was once more broadly distributed and became isolated as a result of climate change during the late
Pleistocene and Holocene.” If this is true, then it is estimated that
323:
334:
425:
They are generally thought to be found in high elevations, from 520 to 2400m, in conifer forests and oak woodlands. However, populations were discovered along the coast in Volcán
Riveroll, a volcanic area located in Baja California. It is thought that they are able to survive in this anomalous region
352:. It reaches a total length (including tail) of 3–5 in (7.6–12.7 cm), and can be identified primarily by the structure of the tail, and how it is narrower at the base. This salamander is the only subspecies that has this tail structure and five toes on the back feet.
355:
Males often have longer tails than the females, and many of the salamanders have lighter colored limbs in comparison to the rest of the body. The adult female lays eggs underground, often in threes, which then hatch directly into salamanders, skipping the usual aquatic phase.
412:
on the eastern end. As such, it is thought to be an example of incipient speciation, and provides an illustration of "nearly all stages in a speciation process" (Dobzhansky, 1958). Richard
Highton argued that
373:; it is mid-sized with adults having a total length of 3–6 in (7.6–15.2 cm). Females tend to have shorter and wider bodies compared to their male counterparts. This subspecies differs from
363:, or large blotched ensatina, can be found along the mountain ranges in Southern California, as well as a small region in Sierra Juarez, a mountain range located in northern Baja California.
441:
can usually be found under logs or brush, by or in streams and lakes, and in other moist places. They are easily distressed by improper handling, because they rely on
445:, their thin skin is very sensitive to heating, drying and exposure to chemicals from warm hands. They may exude a sticky milky secretion from the tail.
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1100:
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1229:
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is a case of multiple species and not a continuum of one species (meaning, by traditional definitions, it is not a ring species).
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in its coloration. It is nearly black in color with blotches of orange that are present from head to tail, and it has dark eyes.
723:
688:
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1000:
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32:
707:
Amphibians and
Reptiles of Baja California, Including Its Pacific Islands and the Islands in the Sea of Cortés
809:
Valdez-Villavicencio, Jorge
Heriberto; Peralta-Garcia, Anny; Hollingsworth, Bradford Damion (2015-05-01).
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393:
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299:
85:
705:
571:
1144:
1234:
1196:
349:
453:
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962:
741:
856:"Why does the yellow-eyed Ensatina have yellow eyes? Batesian mimicry of Pacific newts (genus
442:
197:
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originated approximately 21.5 million years ago. It is usually considered as
70:
65:
628:
889:
782:
Highton, Richard (June 1998). "Is
Ensatina eschscholtzii a Ring-Species?".
389:
333:
307:
271:
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715:
647:
408:
subspecies on the western end of the horseshoe cannot interbreed with the
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1139:
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994:
298:(where all seven subspecies variations are located), all the way down to
404:
can happen between each of the 19 populations around the horseshoe, the
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1014:
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295:
275:
137:
348:, or Monterey ensatina, can be found in Santa Cruz, Monterey, and the
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397:
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127:
97:
956:
979:
915:
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117:
676:
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291:
107:
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page at Santa Rosa Junior
College Department of Life Sciences
739:
Dawkins, R. (2004). "Ring
Species (The Salamander's Tale)".
430:
has been living in this region for thousands of years.
815:(Caudata: Plethodontidae) in Baja California, MĂ©xico"
771:. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Univ. Press. pp. 19–55.
670:
667:
Viewed: April 24, 2005, Last updated: March 05, 2003
608:
Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences USA
600:"Incipient species formation in salamanders of the
314:, with several subspecies forming a ring species.
1221:
572:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T59260A196339088.en
278:found in coniferous forests, oak woodland and
766:
677:Carl T. Bergstrom; Lee Alan Dugatkin (2012).
547:IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group (2022).
433:
738:
420:
59:
31:
879:
830:
767:Dobzhansky T. (1958). Barnett S A (ed.).
637:
627:
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310:, being represented by a single species,
811:"A coastal population of Large-blotched
597:
452:
332:
321:
781:
703:
400:shape around the mountains, and though
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593:
591:
589:
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960:
853:
380:
1230:IUCN Red List least concern species
654:
586:
558:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
540:
13:
744:: A Pilgrimage to the Dawn of Life
710:. University of California Press.
42:Ensatina eschscholtzii xanthoptica
14:
1261:
908:
862:Esatina eschscholtzii xanthoptica
392:in the mountains surrounding the
926:
914:
881:10.1111/j.1558-5646.2008.00338.x
84:
847:
665:United States Geological Survey
361:Ensatina eschscholtzii klauberi
327:Ensatina eschscholtzii klauberi
1250:Taxa named by John Edward Gray
802:
775:
760:
732:
704:Grismer, L. Lee (2019-12-31).
697:
346:E. eschscholtzii eschscholtzii
317:
1:
854:Kupta, Shawn R (April 2008).
746:. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.
533:
448:
338:E. eschscholtzii eschscholtzi
329:, the large-blotched ensatina
519:(Jiménez de la Espada, 1875)
350:California coastal mountains
7:
1245:Amphibians of North America
469:Yellow-blotched ensatina —
10:
1266:
1240:Monotypic amphibian genera
813:Ensatina Ensatina klauberi
487:Large-blotched ensatina —
394:Californian Central Valley
969:
663:San Diego Field Station,
514:Sierra Nevada ensatina —
434:Relationships with humans
225:
218:
203:
196:
81:Scientific classification
79:
57:
48:
39:
30:
23:
421:Distribution and habitat
388:has been described as a
359:The ensatina subspecies
344:The ensatina subspecies
683:. Norton. p. 468.
629:10.1073/pnas.94.15.7761
523:Yellow-eyed ensatina —
340:, the Monterey ensatina
1028:Ensatina-eschscholtzii
1001:Ensatina eschscholtzii
971:Ensatina eschscholtzii
933:Ensatina eschscholtzii
565:: e.T59260A196339088.
551:Ensatina eschscholtzii
465:
406:Ensatina eschscholtzii
396:. The complex forms a
386:Ensatina eschscholtzii
369:is similar in size to
341:
330:
312:Ensatina eschscholtzii
263:Ensatina eschscholtzii
207:Ensatina eschscholtzii
40:Yellow-eyed ensatina (
716:10.1525/9780520925205
456:
443:cutaneous respiration
336:
325:
302:in Mexico. The genus
189:E. eschscholtzii
16:Species of amphibians
935:at Wikimedia Commons
860:) by the salamander
478:Monterey ensatina —
953:page at AmphibiaWeb
769:A Century of Darwin
742:The Ancestor's Tale
620:1997PNAS...94.7761W
505:Painted ensatina —
480:E. e. eschscholtzii
375:E. e. eschscholtzii
371:E. e. eschscholtzii
247:Urotropis platensis
234:Heredia oregonensis
51:Conservation status
832:10.15560/11.3.1649
496:Oregon ensatina —
466:
342:
331:
1217:
1216:
1179:Open Tree of Life
963:Taxon identifiers
931:Media related to
725:978-0-520-92520-5
690:978-0-393-92592-0
661:Monterey Ensatina
614:(15): 7761-7767.
598:Wake, D. (1997).
529:
525:E. e. xanthoptica
520:
511:
502:
498:E. e. oregonensis
493:
484:
475:
428:Ensatina klauberi
410:Ensatina klauberi
381:As a ring species
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229:Ensatina klauberi
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919:Data related to
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516:E. e. platensis
471:E. e. croceater
458:E. e. platensis
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300:Baja California
268:species complex
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923:at Wikispecies
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909:External links
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874:(4): 984–990.
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501:(Girard, 1856)
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489:E. e. klauberi
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367:E. e. klauberi
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576:. Retrieved
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1192:SeaLifeBase
1140:NatureServe
1088:iNaturalist
1010:AmphibiaWeb
995:Wikispecies
825:(3): 1649.
507:E. e. picta
318:Description
276:salamanders
274:(lungless)
154:Subfamily:
1224:Categories
951:Salamander
942:Salamander
819:Check List
534:References
510:Wood, 1940
492:Dunn, 1929
483:Gray, 1850
449:Subspecies
296:California
288:Washington
286:, through
213:Gray, 1850
868:Evolution
841:1809-127X
680:Evolution
398:horseshoe
294:, across
280:chaparral
242:croceater
240:Plethodon
183:Species:
104:Kingdom:
98:Eukaryota
1145:2.105136
1106:10452916
986:Q1885015
980:Wikidata
949:Ensatina
940:Ensatina
921:Ensatina
890:18248632
604:complex"
602:Ensatina
439:Ensatina
415:Ensatina
304:Ensatina
258:ensatina
220:Synonyms
169:Ensatina
144:Family:
128:Amphibia
118:Chordata
114:Phylum:
108:Animalia
94:Domain:
71:IUCN 3.1
25:Ensatina
1080:2431643
858:Taricha
796:3893431
648:9223261
616:Bibcode
266:) is a
164:Genus:
138:Urodela
134:Order:
124:Class:
69: (
1204:uBio:
1184:637537
1171:202630
1119:173732
1067:332930
898:998486
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292:Oregon
177:, 1850
1207:25824
1197:61536
1158:57550
1132:59260
1101:IRMNG
1093:27250
1054:39WWZ
1041:27363
894:S2CID
792:JSTOR
639:33701
578:1 May
460:from
282:from
1153:NCBI
1127:IUCN
1114:ITIS
1075:GBIF
1036:BOLD
1015:4046
886:PMID
837:ISSN
748:ISBN
720:ISBN
685:ISBN
644:PMID
580:2024
563:2022
256:The
175:Gray
1062:EoL
1049:CoL
1023:ASW
876:doi
827:doi
712:doi
634:PMC
624:doi
567:doi
270:of
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260:(
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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