618:
2078:(...) Iranian diplomats and news media heralded the return of fundamentalist preacher Rashid Ghannouchi to Tunis after more than two decades in exile. Having established ties with Ghannouchi during his years in London, Iran's mullahs are counting on him to propel the Harakat al-Nahda al-Islamiya, or Islamic Renaissance Movement, to the forefront of Tunisian politics. Essentially, Tehran seeks an outcome through Ghannouchi like that of Ayatollah Khomeini's return to Iran from Paris in February 1979-a fundamentalist takeover.
836:
698:
4415:
4325:
525:
454:
4317:
650:, rather than being a "puzzling disappointment for the forces of democracy", the Ennahda victory is a natural outcome of inevitable differences between revolution's leaders and the fact that "Tunisians see Islam as a defining feature of their personal and political identities." Rached Ghannouchi, the party's leader was one of the few "voices of resistance to the regime in the last 20 years."
59:
510:, thousands of people welcomed Rached Ghannouchi on his return to Tunis. The party was described as moving "quickly to carve out a place" in the Tunisian political scene, "taking part in demonstrations and meeting with the prime minister." Earlier Ghannouchi announced that the party had "signed a shared statement of principles with the other Tunisian opposition groups".
885:, the first-round winner of the presidential elections. Ennahda not only backed Saied in the runoff elections, but also attempted to persuade Saied voters that Ennahda was their best opportunity for building a government supportive of a Saied president. In February, 2020 Ennahdha issued an official statement saying it will grant confidence to
1001:, the party (or at least its leader), has been complimented for it willingness to compromise, protecting Tunisia's democracy and civil peace from Egyptian style violence. However some Islamists see the party as having lost an opportunity to reverse the "social framework" of secularism in the country.
759:
government. Ennahda, however, rejected his resignation insisting on a government of politicians and Jebali formally resigned after a meeting with
President Moncef Marzouki saying it was in the best interests of the country. He said: "I promised if my initiative did not succeed I would resign as head
516:
reported mixed predictions among
Tunisians for the party's success, with some believing the party would enjoy support in the inland part of Tunisia, but others saying Tunisia was "too secular" for the Ennahda Party to gain broad support. On 22 January 2011, in an interview with Al Jazeera TV, Rached
449:
of the U.S. embassy in Tehran, claiming that "It was not an embassy, but a spy centre". Their influence in 1984 was such that, according to Robin Wright, a
British journalist living in Tunisia, stated that the Islamic Tendency was "the single most threatening opposition force in Tunis. One word from
1028:
as a form of governance appropriate for
Tunisia, nevertheless Islam remains an important feature of the party; in a debate with a secular opponent Ghannouchi stated, "Why are we put in the same place as a model that is far from our thought, like the Taliban or the Saudi model, while there are other
767:
then suggested a government of politicians and technocrats, while Jebali suggested that if he was tasked with forming a new government it would have to include non-partisan ministers and a variety of political representation that would lead to a new election. Unnamed opposition figures welcomed the
563:
Ennahda's leaders have been described as "highly sensitive to the fears among other West about
Islamic party". "We are not an Islamist party, we are an Islamic party, that also gets its bearings by the principles of the Quran." Moreover, he named Turkey a model, regarding the relation of state and
480:
recognizing political pluralism and a "dialogue" with the West. Its main leader Rached
Ghannouchi, has been criticized for calling for jihad against Israel and "openly threatened U.S. interests, supported Iraq against the United States and campaigned against the Arab-Israeli peace process". Others
429:
in
January 1984 the government suspected the MTI of involvement in the disturbances, and arrested many of its supporters. The MTI leaders had encouraged their followers to join in the riots, but the government produced no proof that they had organized them. The persecution of the MTI enhanced its
747:
The Troika government faced many challenges domestically and regionally including reviving an economy that had contracted by 1.9% after the
Revolution, rising unemployment, managing the influx of over a million Libyan refugees due to the Libyan war, and a wave of social protests. The
1055:
party. Jebali referred to the occasion as "a divine moment in a new state, and in, hopefully, a 6th caliphate," and that "the liberation of
Tunisia will, God willing, bring about the liberation of Jerusalem." While the tone was said do be sharply in contrast to official statements of the party,
911:
Ennahda announced on the occasion of its 42nd anniversary that it would be unable to hold its eleventh congress due to "oppressive retaliatory measures taken by the authorities against the party's leader, some of its leaders, and its headquarters, which hinder the party's work and institutions.
540:
at 7.1%. It was also found that 61.4% of
Tunisians "ignore political parties in the country." This success has caused some secularist to call for the postponing of elections in what many described as "secularism extremism" who were hellbent on denying Ennahda forming the government despite what
352:
electoral alliance. Ennahda denied the accusations and accused the Popular Front of slandering and distorting Ennahda. It said that the Popular Front was exploiting the two assassination cases and using blood as an excuse to reach the government after failing to do so through democratic means.
484:
In the 1989 elections, President Ben Ali banned the party from participating but allowed some members to run as independents. These received between 10% and 17% of the vote nationally according to official figures of the regime, and despite what some observers thought was "widespread fraud".
643:, the first free election in the country's history with a turn out of 51.1% of all eligible voters, the Ennahda Party won 37.04% of the vote (more than the next four biggest vote-getters combined) and 89 of the 217 seats, making it by far the strongest party in the legislature.
497:
is believed to be connected with Ennahda. The party was strongly repressed in the late 1980s and early 1990s and almost completely absent from Tunisia from 1992 until the post-revolutionary period. "Tens of thousands" of Islamists were imprisoned or exiled during this time.
492:
was banned in Tunisia and its editor, Hamadi Jebali, was sentenced to sixteen years imprisonment in 1992 for membership in the un-authorized organisation and for "aggression with the intention of changing the nature of the state". The Arabic language television station
740:. The government was criticized for mediocre economic performance, not stimulating the tourism industry, poor relations with Tunisia's biggest trading partner France. In particular it was criticized for not monitoring and controlling radical Islamists (such as
907:
The Tunisian government has detained at least 17 current or former members of the party, including its head, and closed its offices around the nation since December 2022. Tunisian authorities apprehended Ghannouchi and searched his headquarters in April 2023.
4205:
1086:
wrote an editorial expressing the opinion that Ennahda is fundamentally a conservative Islamist party with a moderate leadership. Ennahda has been described as a mixed bag with moderate top layers and a base defined by "a distinctly fundamentalist tilt".
316:(the first free election in the country's history), won a plurality of 37% of the popular vote and formed the government. Uproar in the traditionally secular country over "Islamization" and assassinations of two secular politicians however, led to the
388:
According to associate professor of political science Sebnem Gumuscu, there were competing views within the party about liberal democracy in its early years, but since the 1990s, liberal Islamists pulled Ennahda towards democratic principles.
783:
Ennahda ceded control of key ministries to technocrats, including foreign affairs, defence and the interior. Ennahda made up 28% of the government, down from 40% in the previous coalition, with independents forming 48% of the new cabinet.
804:
to forge a compromise agreement, both were heavily criticized by their party rank and file and Ghanouchi received agreement from the Ennahda shura council after threatening to resign. Outside observers called it a "model transition".
3125:
2280:
4295:
1986:
4007:
575:
On a press conference in June 2011, the Ennahda Party presented itself as modern and democratic and introduced a female member who wore a headscarf and a member who didn't, and announced the launching of a youth wing.
795:
and recognizing the continued need for national unity, on 5 October a "road map" was signed, and in January 2014, Ennahda, CPR and Ettakattol stepped down and handed power to a caretaker technocratic government, led
4169:
760:
of the government, and this is what I am doing following my meeting with the president. Today there is a great disappointment among the people and we must regain their trust and this resignation is a first step."
2444:
1063:
When in January 2012, Hamas leadership arrived for another visit to Tunisia, people at the airport were heard shouting "Kill the Jews." Tunisian Jews said Ennahda leadership was slow to condemn the shouting.
4265:
1129:
According to a 2020 study, members of parliament in the Ennahda movement who had lived abroad in secular democracies had more liberal voting records than their counterparts who had only lived in Tunisia.
335:
In 2018, lawyers and politicians accused Ennahda of forming a secret organisation that had infiltrated security forces and the judiciary. They also claimed the party was behind the 2013 assassinations of
1090:
Although the party has expressed support for women's rights and equality of civil rights between men and women, the party chose to place only two women at first position out of 33 regional lists for the
1684:
2579:
1173:, stated that homosexuality is a personal choice and that we must respected individual freedoms, but at the same time he said that he announced his support for the continuation of criminalization of
2775:
1095:. Ghannouchi noted that women have not held any de facto leadership positions under Ben Ali's governments and that it is a reality that only a few women are currently suited to leadership posts.
3736:
1820:
1531:
1347:
385:
says textually in his book: "The Islamic government is one in which: 1- supreme legislative authority is for the shari'a, which is the revealed law of Islam, which transcends all laws. (...)"
3522:
3096:
1040:; he says: "The leadership was forced into exile in London for a long time and understood about the need to have a balanced outlook... No one wants a repeat of the 1991 Algerian scenario."
2805:
3121:
3167:
2272:
4287:
1771:
1411:
3645:
2928:
2339:
4448:
3847:
3705:
632:
on 23 October 2011, the party conducted extensive electoral campaign, extensively providing potential voters, especially from the lower class, with promotional gifts, meals for the
1978:
1441:
3953:
3614:
2838:
4015:
3200:
4116:
3976:
2745:
2685:
2113:
1918:
924:
was jailed until 1984 and then again in 1987. After going to exile he remained the party's "intellectual leader". In November 1991 he also took back the formal presidency.
3552:
1076:
political bloc complained to a foreign journalist that Ennahda appears "soft" on television, "but in the mosques, it is completely different. Some of them are calling for
3675:
2959:
2715:
3873:
2553:
1956:
1378:
748:
Troika government reasserted state control over 80 percent of the mosques that had been taken over by extremists in the chaotic period immediately after the revolution.
1024:
into public life and be more accommodating to other viewpoints such as closer relations with the West and greater economic freedom. The party currently rejects radical
755:
and ensuing protests, Prime Minister Hamadi Jebali resigned from his office, a move which was deemed unprecedented by analysts. The move followed his attempt to form a
2436:
2415:
1843:
532:
The party was legalised on 1 March 2011. A March 2011 opinion poll found the Ennahda Party ranked first among political parties in Tunisia with 29%, followed by the
4257:
1471:
4543:
3895:
3808:
3462:
3392:
2025:
1896:
3066:
1259:
661:, to co-operate in the Assembly and to share the three highest positions in state. Accordingly, Ennahda supported the election of Ettakatol's secretary-general
2575:
1676:
4146:
4833:
3284:
4235:
3758:
1591:
485:
Allegedly surprised by Ennahda's popularity, two years later Ben Ali banned the movement and jailed 25,000 activists. Many Ennahda members went into exile.
4400:
2767:
1714:
3353:
3261:
3231:
4039:
3728:
3583:
2391:
1816:
1523:
1343:
1029:
successful Islamic models that are close to us, like the Turkish, the Malaysian, and the Indonesian models; models that combine Islam and modernity?"
2466:
1798:
3514:
3089:
2861:
4378:
4558:
3027:
2797:
1106:
has made their core supporters lose faith in them. Perhaps as a result, in 2018, the party declared that it would vote down a bill that would end
3423:
1181:
974:
956:
666:
3153:
1561:
4853:
1767:
947:
79:
1403:
4843:
4838:
4424:
200:
3637:
2936:
2347:
3697:
2148:
2083:
4787:
2550:"The Center for the Study of Islam and Democracy Holds a Discussion on "What Kind of Democracy for the New Tunisia: Islamic or Secular?""
1231:
1092:
640:
629:
622:
313:
1437:
744:) who were blamed for, among other things, attempting to Islamise the country, the 2012 ransacking and burning of the American embassy.
2828:
3945:
3606:
2498:
4828:
4596:
4362:
3927:
3192:
733:
658:
2273:"Tunisian Muslim Brotherhood Leader Speaks in Washington; Rachid Ghannouchi Has Long History of Extremism And Support For Terrorism"
4868:
4393:
4106:
4056:
3984:
2737:
2674:
2630:
2056:
4823:
4813:
4624:
1924:
1162:
said that it was deeply disappointed by the comments of Dilou, especially that he's responsible for the respect of human rights.
3544:
4744:
4639:
3667:
2967:
2707:
533:
3869:
2523:
1370:
4858:
4454:
2905:
2310:
2186:
2133:
1654:
1126:
and liberals who accused the party of lying about its embrace of democracy, and turning back to its Islamic radical origins.
317:
3492:
3322:
2412:
1617:
4863:
4409:
2997:
1289:
1266:
878:
867:
809:
476:, the party began to be described as "moderate Islamist" in the 1980s when it advocated democracy and a "Tunisian" form of
325:
222:
4762:
4386:
4372:
1463:
1166:
1067:
1004:
The party is generally described as socially centrist with mild support for economic liberalism and has been compared to
820:
329:
3903:
4878:
3792:
3446:
3376:
2009:
1880:
792:
593:, had been abducted by “security forces with civilian clothes and taken to an unknown destination.” On 2 January 2022,
371:
3050:
3841:
3802:
3456:
3386:
2019:
1890:
1319:
4408:
1948:
1741:
1677:"REUNION DU CEMAM 9 Mai 1987 I. Le Mouvement de la Tendance Islamique en Tunisie. (J. Loiselet) - PDF Free Download"
1493:
4138:
17:
3292:
823:. Ghanouchi "hinted broadly" that he personally supported Beji Caid Essebsi, (who won with over 55% of the vote).
4738:
4577:
4227:
3766:
1583:
1224:
328:, forming a coalition government with the largest secular party, but did not offer or endorse a candidate in the
4768:
4687:
4667:
4442:
3223:
1706:
3345:
2549:
4654:
4036:
3163:
3158:
1865:
808:
In January 2014, after the new Tunisian Constitution was adopted by popular vote, Ennahda came second in the
582:
noted that, unlike leftist parties of Tunisia, the moderately Islamic party is not against a market economy.
3575:
1114:
equality between men and women, justifying its position because the bill proposed by the Tunisian president
920:
During its first ten years of existence, presidency of Ennahda changed very often, while its leading figure
4873:
4533:
2383:
1102:, where secular and socially liberal beliefs predominate. However, Ennahda's compromises and abandoning of
437:
The party has been described as one of many parties/movements in Muslim states "that grew up alongside the
146:
2476:
1795:
481:
described him as "widely considered ... a moderate who believes that Islam and democracy are compatible".
4848:
4818:
2876:
780:
was elected as Ennahda's new Secretary General and officially took over as Tunisia's new Prime Minister.
4008:"Tunisian Jewish Community Horrified, Demanding Quick Government Response in Aftermath of Haniyeh Visit"
1979:"Tunisia: Ennahda denies formation of secret organisation and condemns attempts to link it to terrorism"
4732:
4601:
4573:
3415:
3019:
1032:
Political scientist Riadh Sidaoui explains that the Ennahda leader models his approach on the moderate
585:
On 31 December 2021, Ennahda claimed in a statement that the party's Vice President and member of the
4682:
4672:
4629:
4591:
4586:
2214:
1553:
1072:
1057:
741:
737:
682:
654:
517:
Ghannouchi confirmed that he is against an Islamic Caliphate, and supports democracy instead, unlike
3253:
2659:
2608:
892:
In 2021, Ennahda faced widespread public anger as the country experienced a political crisis due to
776:
said that it was still in talks for a US$ 1.78 billion loan to the country. On 14 March 2013,
4756:
4726:
4634:
4614:
3831:
812:
with 27.79% of the popular vote and formed a coalition government with the larger secularist party
800:, to prepare and organize the second democratic elections. Ghanouchi worked with secularist leader
305:
4563:
4553:
4288:"Tunisie. Homosexualité: le candidat islamiste pour le respect de la liberté individuelle, mais…"
2626:
897:
769:
365:" mainstream media reports, journalist Robert F. Worth calls it "the mildest and most democratic
349:
321:
309:
2080:- Pr.Jamsheed K. Choksy (I.U.), in "Iran Takes on the World", April 12, 2011 - Hudson Institute
1188:, declared to a local radio station that the natural place for homosexuals is either prisons or
617:
4649:
4644:
4569:
2467:"Rached Ghannouchi against Islamic Caliphate and against Hizb ut-Tahrir but supports democracy"
2154:
2081:
1174:
893:
430:
reputation as an organization committed to helping the people. In 1989, it changed its name to
252:
165:
2679:
847:
709:
597:
reported that El-Beheiry had been rushed to intensive care at a hospital in the northern town
578:
4677:
4503:
4436:
2646:
2595:
2176:
1743:
Decree of 23 Nov. 2011 about the Final Results of the National Constituent Assembly Elections
1189:
1159:
1142:, then minister of human rights and leader of Ennahda, said the LGBT people have no right to
1107:
1138:
The party and its leaders have taken very hostile positions against homosexuality. In 2012,
4609:
4528:
2490:
2368:
Leveau, Rémy, 'La Tunisie du Président Ben Ali: Equilibre interne et environnement arabe,'
2098:
Al-Ghannouchi, R. (1998). "Participation in Non-Islamic Government". In Ch. Kurzman (Ed.),
791:, member of the Assembly, in July 2013, led to turmoil and political deadlock. Following a
674:
594:
426:
227:
3924:
8:
4792:
4619:
1005:
586:
569:
507:
446:
217:
156:
152:
4060:
3122:"Tunisia: Prime Minister Hamadi Jebali resigns after the failure of his firm apolitical"
2622:
1192:
and that they are forbidden from entering his city, he also demanded the closure of the
4662:
4493:
4258:"Amnesty International invite Samir Dilou à revenir sur ses propos sur l'homosexualité"
4197:
4083:
2833:
2244:
2048:
1170:
662:
512:
442:
438:
298:
290:
275:
172:
369:
party in history." Others oppose this by highlighting the ideological adoption of the
4750:
4498:
4201:
4189:
3837:
3798:
3452:
3382:
3193:"Tunisia PM resigns after cabinet initiative fails to form a technocratic government"
3058:
2182:
2129:
2015:
1886:
1859:
1193:
1115:
998:
968:
921:
901:
801:
764:
602:
565:
537:
457:
382:
376:
294:
160:
89:
69:
4488:
4181:
3051:"Libyan Refugees Stream to Tunisia for Care, and Tell of a Home That Is Torn Apart"
2901:
2527:
2121:
1650:
1013:
886:
729:
590:
2302:
601:
and was in a "critical condition". The speaker of Tunisia's suspended parliament,
406:, the party was founded under the name of "Movement of Islamic Tendency" (French:
4782:
4708:
4548:
4513:
4460:
4107:"Tunisia's women fear veil over Islamist intentions in first vote of Arab spring"
4043:
3931:
3484:
3314:
2989:
2419:
2118:
Democracy or Authoritarianism: Islamist Governments in Turkey, Egypt, and Tunisia
2087:
1802:
1625:
1103:
670:
411:
243:
1122:
and the beliefs of Tunisian people. The position sparked outrage among Tunisian
2768:"Tunisian Ennahda politician hospitalised 'in critical condition' after arrest"
1155:
871:
788:
518:
341:
4185:
2125:
1344:"Ennahda feiert sich als Wahlsieger: Tunesien hat den Islam gewählt – Politik"
4807:
4692:
4193:
3515:"Moderate Islamist Ennahda party leads Tunisia election with 52 of 217 seats"
3062:
1123:
1044:
983:
938:
889:. The Fakhfakh administration had 32 members, six of whom were from Ennahda.
752:
678:
677:. The latter, in exchange, immediately appointed Ennahda's secretary-general
557:
545:
521:, (whom Ghannouchi accuses of exporting a distorted understanding of Islam).
345:
337:
4518:
4508:
4111:
3729:"Tunisia: Ennahda leader leaves party amid disagreements over its policies"
813:
777:
756:
647:
178:
881:, but with just 52 of 217 seats, Ennahda attempted to court supporters of
450:
the fundamentalists will close down the campus or start a demonstration."
324:
in January 2014. The party came in second with 27.79% of the vote, in the
4720:
4538:
4046:
Joshua Hammer NYRoB 27 October 2011. Joshua Hammer. (text behind paywall)
1747:
1501:
1143:
1139:
1111:
1009:
797:
653:
Subsequently, it agreed with the two runners-up, the centre-left secular
633:
553:
469:
362:
193:
3794:
A Rage for Order: The Middle East in Turmoil, from Tahrir Square to ISIS
3448:
A Rage for Order: The Middle East in Turmoil, from Tahrir Square to ISIS
3378:
A Rage for Order: The Middle East in Turmoil, from Tahrir Square to ISIS
2011:
A Rage for Order: The Middle East in Turmoil, from Tahrir Square to ISIS
1882:
A Rage for Order: The Middle East in Turmoil, from Tahrir Square to ISIS
835:
697:
4262:
Kapitalis, le portail d'informations sur la Tunisie et le Maghreb Arabe
3416:"Tunisian premier resigns for caretaker government, protests hit south"
2798:"Speaker asks Tunisian president for news of arrested Ennahda official"
2494:
1082:
1020:
principles that predominate among the other parties, and instead allow
882:
606:
182:
4318:"فتحي العيوني : المثليين شواذ و مكانهم الطبيعي السجن أو المستشفى"
2261:, Simon and Schuster, (2001), p.194. author interview 29 November 1984
2178:
The Making of the Tunisian Revolution: Contexts, Architects, Prospects
4228:"Tunisie - Le coming-out homophobe du ministre des droits de l'homme"
1404:"Ennahda leader Ghannouchi: 'We are Muslim democrats, not Islamists'"
1017:
787:
After stabilization of the political situation, the assassination of
1949:"Tunisia's main Islamist party to stay out of presidential election"
524:
4170:"From Islamists to Muslim Democrats: The Case of Tunisia's Ennahda"
2929:"Mustapha Ben Jaafar Elected President of the Constituent Assembly"
1033:
1025:
541:
election observers described as free and fair democratic process.
477:
465:
453:
366:
320:, and the party stepped down following the implementation of a new
900:
and froze parliament, a move labeled a coup by Parliament Speaker
609:
asking him to reveal the whereabouts and condition of El-Beheiry.
4714:
4523:
4414:
3698:"Tunisian police detain opposition leader, raid Ennahda party HQ"
3638:"Tunisian president ousts government in move critics call a coup"
2471:
1768:"Islamists' Victory in Tunisia a Win for Democracy: Noah Feldman"
1185:
1151:
1012:" in this regard. The party wishes to revise the strong secular,
598:
473:
279:
3221:
2829:"Financing Questions Shadow Tunisian Vote, First of Arab Spring"
3668:"Tunisia: Move to Dismantle Country's Largest Opposition Party"
1154:, he also said that homosexuality is a sexual perversion and a
1048:
1037:
3607:"Tunisia's Parliament approves gov't of PM-designate Fakhfakh"
2623:""We do not want a theocracy" (Wir wollen keinen Gottesstaat)"
2340:"Factbox: Who is Tunisia's Islamist leader Rachid Ghannouchi?"
2434:
1498:— is the official term which is used by this political party"
1147:
1119:
1099:
1077:
1052:
1021:
819:
Ennahda did not put forward or endorse any candidate for the
131:
3545:"Political outsiders sweep Tunisia's presidential elections"
1438:"Erdogan tells Tunisians that Islam and democracy can work"
1177:, where sodomy is criminalized by 3 years of imprisonment.
927:
Following is a list of all former presidents of the party:
501:
4354:
3154:"How one Tunisian party is separating Islam from politics"
997:
In the wake of the compromise worked out by Ghanouchi and
58:
3977:"Hamas Representative Addresses Tunisian Political Rally"
3833:
Islamism: What it Means for the Middle East and the World
3576:"Tunisian PM-designate unveils final lineup of new gov't"
2524:"Tunisia: Political Parties, Unknown to 61% of Tunisians"
1524:"Tunisian president fires premier after violent protests"
773:
2738:"Tunisia's Ennahdha party says senior official detained"
1051:
together with a parliamentary deputy of the Palestinian
2960:"Ennahda's Jebali Appointed as Tunisian Prime Minister"
2552:. BNET CBS Business Network. 9 May 2011. Archived from
548:
traveled to Washington, D.C., on the invitation of the
3896:"Ennahda and the Separation of Politics from Religion"
3224:"Tunisian PM resigns sparking credit rating downgrade"
1817:"Tunisia and its Islamists: The Revolution, Phase Two"
1431:
1429:
1098:
The party is more moderate in urbanized areas such as
877:
Ennahda became the largest party in parliament in the
3414:
Markey, Patrick; El Yaakoubi, Aziz (9 January 2014).
3222:
Angelique Chrisafis and agencies (20 February 2013).
612:
4373:
What Is "Muslim" about Tunisia's "Muslim Democrats"?
3870:"Tunisian Women Demonstrate to Protect Their Rights"
3485:"Tunisia racism: 'I lost the will to leave my home'"
1435:
1196:, which is a Tunisian organization for LGBT rights.
751:
On 19 February 2013, following the assassination of
419:
312:, the Ennahda Movement Party was formed, and in the
257:
3786:
3784:
2491:"Tunisia's Islamist group legalized after 30 years"
2435:David Kirkpatrick; Kareem Fahim (18 January 2011).
1943:
1941:
1426:
1043:On 13 November 2011, the party's secretary-general
708: with: major events 2011–2014. You can help by
4366:MERIA: Middle East Review of International Affairs
3368:
772:downgraded Tunisia's credit rating. However, the
441:", and it was originally inspired by the Egyptian
3413:
2708:"Tunisia's Ennahda says its deputy head abducted"
2413:As Tunisians Cheer Egypt, Islamist Leader Returns
1584:"Muslim Democrats? Tunisia's Delicate Experiment"
1398:
1396:
464:Although traditionally shaped by the thinking of
4805:
3781:
3315:"Tunisia PM Ali Larayedh unveils new government"
2675:"Cosmopolitan Islamists (Weltoffene Islamisten)"
2120:, Cambridge University Press, pp. 202–254,
1938:
1644:
1642:
4139:"Tunisia: Ennahda Rejects Inheritance Equality"
2990:"Tunisia coalition agrees top government posts"
2902:"Tunisia coalition agrees top government posts"
2102:(pp. 89-95). New York: Oxford University Press.
1371:"On the Campaign Trail With Islamist Democrats"
3974:
3636:Amara, Tarek; Mcdowall, Angus (26 July 2021).
3438:
3254:"IMF says still in touch with Tunisia on loan"
2437:"More Officials Quit in Tunisia Amid Protests"
2334:
2332:
2330:
2328:
2001:
1923:, Tunisia Live, 9 January 2014, archived from
1736:
1734:
1732:
1393:
943:November 1984 – August 1987: Rached Ghannouchi
688:
289:in 1981, Ennahda was inspired by the Egyptian
4394:
4059:. Alarabiya.net. 23 July 2011. Archived from
3946:"Moderate Islamists set for Tunisian victory"
3635:
2226:
2224:
2153:, Al Arabiya, 26 October 2011, archived from
2150:Tunisian PM candidate: face of moderate Islam
1920:Prime Minister Larayedh Announces Resignation
1872:
1846:. Archived from the original on 24 March 2012
1639:
1611:
1609:
1464:"Tunisia's Ennahda discusses local elections"
1260:Assembly of the Representatives of the People
379:, who has remained its president since 1984.
201:Assembly of the Representatives of the People
4834:Formerly banned political parties in Tunisia
2526:. ANSAMED.info. 9 March 2011. Archived from
846: with: 2014 to present. You can help by
46:
4005:
3975:Benoit-Lavelle, Mischa (15 November 2011).
3407:
3285:"Ali Larayedh Tunisia's New Prime Minister"
3187:
3185:
2826:
2325:
1729:
1008:. However, liberals accuse its leaders of "
550:Center for the Study of Islam and Democracy
314:2011 Tunisian Constituent Assembly election
4401:
4387:
3276:
3087:
2576:"Washington ready to play soft Islam card"
2518:
2516:
2388:Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
2264:
2221:
1761:
1759:
1757:
1606:
1436:Agence France-Presse (16 September 2011).
460:speaking at an Islamist rally around 1980.
4597:Democratic Forum for Labour and Liberties
4104:
2827:Kirkpatrick, David D. (22 October 2011).
2211:The Columbia World Dictionary of Islamism
1165:The presidential candidate of Ennahda in
544:In May 2011, Ennahda's General Secretary
4363:"The Islamic Challenge in North Africa,"
4105:Chrisafis, Angelique (20 October 2011).
4006:Shirayanagi, Kouichi (11 January 2012).
3925:From Arab Spring to post-Islamist summer
3182:
2957:
2672:
2208:
2114:"Ennahda's Path toward Liberal Islamism"
1791:
1789:
1368:
874:became Tunisia's first black female MP.
616:
523:
502:Revolution and return to political scene
452:
3943:
2820:
2513:
2430:
2428:
2381:
2181:. Oxford University Press. p. 66.
2111:
1844:"No to America and No to Radical Islam"
1765:
1754:
14:
4806:
4298:from the original on 20 September 2020
4167:
4081:
4030:
3836:. Yale University Press. p. 240.
3708:from the original on 24 September 2023
3356:from the original on 26 September 2017
3020:"EUR-Lex – 52013SC0498 – EN – EUR-Lex"
2859:
2394:from the original on 16 September 2011
2313:from the original on 23 September 2016
2270:
2046:
1554:"Ennahda is "Leaving" Political Islam"
992:
988:since November 1991: Rached Ghannouchi
641:Tunisian Constituent Assembly election
4854:Political parties established in 1981
4382:
4149:from the original on 24 February 2019
3850:from the original on 26 November 2023
3829:
3763:Sami Ben Abdallah Blogueur de Tunisie
3759:"Rached Ghannouchi: un si long règne"
3726:
3648:from the original on 5 September 2023
3525:from the original on 19 December 2020
3282:
3264:from the original on 20 February 2013
3234:from the original on 5 September 2013
3203:from the original on 22 February 2013
3147:
3145:
3143:
3128:from the original on 19 February 2013
2926:
2908:from the original on 22 November 2011
2748:from the original on 31 December 2021
2718:from the original on 31 December 2021
2578:. Maghreb Confidential. 26 May 2011.
2307:Global Muslim Brotherhood Daily Watch
2277:Global Muslim Brotherhood Daily Watch
1989:from the original on 11 November 2022
1786:
1717:from the original on 3 September 2011
1648:
1615:
1369:Kaminski, Matthew (26 October 2011).
667:President of the Constituent Assembly
4844:Islamic political parties in Tunisia
4839:Islamic democratic political parties
4119:from the original on 5 December 2013
4057:"Ghannouchi, alcohol and the bikini"
3956:from the original on 3 December 2013
3811:from the original on 11 January 2023
3604:
3495:from the original on 21 October 2022
3465:from the original on 11 January 2023
3426:from the original on 18 October 2016
3395:from the original on 11 January 2023
3381:. Pan Macmillan. pp. 205, 207.
3170:from the original on 8 December 2016
3151:
3102:from the original on 12 October 2017
3048:
3030:from the original on 12 October 2017
3000:from the original on 7 November 2017
2958:Mzioudet, Houda (14 December 2011).
2862:"The Many Voices of Political Islam"
2841:from the original on 1 February 2016
2501:from the original on 3 December 2013
2425:
2209:Roy, Oliver; Sfeir, Antoine (2007).
2174:
2028:from the original on 11 January 2023
1959:from the original on 24 October 2015
1899:from the original on 11 January 2023
1774:from the original on 21 January 2014
1657:from the original on 27 October 2011
1350:from the original on 27 October 2014
1254:Technocratic Government (2014–2015)
868:2014 Tunisian parliamentary election
830:
692:
326:2014 Tunisian parliamentary election
3739:from the original on 15 August 2023
3678:from the original on 15 August 2023
3617:from the original on 15 August 2023
3586:from the original on 15 August 2023
3555:from the original on 15 August 2023
3049:Gall, Carlotta (9 September 2014).
2808:from the original on 2 January 2022
2778:from the original on 2 January 2022
2384:"The Future of al-Nahda in Tunisia"
2234:, Simon and Schuster, (2001), p.194
1885:. Pan Macmillan. pp. 199–204.
1707:"Tunisia's Islamists to form party"
1564:from the original on 24 August 2017
1414:from the original on 24 August 2017
1199:
821:November 2014 presidential election
810:October 2014 parliamentary election
564:religion, and compared the party's
415:
330:November 2014 presidential election
247:
24:
4455:Democratic Patriots' Unified Party
4238:from the original on 10 April 2021
3944:Bradley, Simon (26 October 2011).
3140:
2582:from the original on 24 March 2016
2271:Merley, Steven (13 October 2014).
1841:
1651:"Profile: Tunisia's Ennahda Party"
1362:
613:2011 Constituent Assembly election
528:Members of the Ennahda Party, 2011
408:Mouvement de la Tendance Islamique
308:and collapse of the government of
25:
4890:
4343:
4328:from the original on 29 July 2021
4268:from the original on 8 April 2022
4174:American Political Science Review
3876:from the original on 1 March 2012
3797:. Pan Macmillan. pp. 220–1.
3343:
3325:from the original on 4 March 2020
3283:Samti, Farah (22 February 2013).
3088:Abdessalem, Rafik (August 2015).
2927:Ayari, Sadok (22 November 2011).
2673:Chimelli, Rudolph (4 June 2011).
2447:from the original on 13 June 2013
2346:. 30 January 2011. Archived from
2059:from the original on 30 July 2021
1823:from the original on 3 April 2019
1766:Feldman, Noah (30 October 2011).
1746:(in Arabic), 2011, archived from
1616:Teyeb, Mourad (27 January 2011),
1474:from the original on 27 July 2022
1381:from the original on 13 July 2018
1320:List of Islamic political parties
931:June–July 1981: Abderraouf Bouabi
675:Interim President of the Republic
348:political leaders of the leftist
318:2013–14 Tunisian political crisis
4829:Formerly banned Islamist parties
4413:
4208:from the original on 2 July 2020
4082:Prince, Rob (21 February 2012).
3069:from the original on 16 May 2017
2688:from the original on 3 July 2011
2633:from the original on 10 May 2012
2283:from the original on 17 May 2016
1649:Lewis, Aidan (25 October 2011).
1444:from the original on 7 June 2017
1133:
979:October 1991: Noureddine Arbaoui
834:
696:
57:
4869:Sunni Islamic political parties
4739:Democratic Constitutional Rally
4310:
4280:
4250:
4220:
4161:
4131:
4098:
4075:
4049:
3999:
3968:
3937:
3918:
3888:
3862:
3823:
3790:
3751:
3720:
3690:
3660:
3629:
3598:
3573:
3567:
3537:
3507:
3477:
3444:
3374:
3337:
3307:
3246:
3215:
3152:Luck, Taylor (30 August 2016).
3124:. lexmpress. 19 February 2013.
3114:
3081:
3042:
3012:
2982:
2951:
2920:
2894:
2853:
2790:
2760:
2730:
2700:
2666:
2615:
2568:
2542:
2483:
2459:
2406:
2375:
2362:
2295:
2251:
2237:
2202:
2168:
2141:
2105:
2092:
2071:
2040:
2007:
1971:
1911:
1878:
1835:
1814:
1808:
1699:
1687:from the original on 3 May 2023
1669:
1594:from the original on 5 May 2023
1534:from the original on 5 May 2023
1225:Constituent Assembly of Tunisia
934:July–October 1981: Fadhel Beldi
826:
636:feasts, and sponsoring events.
4824:Conservative parties in Africa
4814:1981 establishments in Tunisia
4769:National Destourian Initiative
4688:Voice of the People of Tunisia
3902:. 19 July 2016. Archived from
3727:Gaidi, Yassine (9 June 2023).
3451:. Pan Macmillan. p. 219.
2904:. BBC News. 21 November 2011.
2014:. Pan Macmillan. p. 198.
1618:"What role for the Islamists?"
1576:
1546:
1516:
1486:
1456:
1336:
1146:, and they should respect the
952:April–October 1988: Jamel Aoui
397:
297:'s own propelled ideology of "
13:
1:
4625:Justice and Development Party
4568:Democratic and Social Union (
3872:. Fox News. 2 November 2011.
3346:"Tunisia's Ambitious Roadmap"
3164:The Christian Science Monitor
3159:The Christian Science Monitor
2112:Gumuscu, Sebnem, ed. (2023),
1346:. Stern.De. 25 October 2011.
1330:
1093:Tunisian Constituent Assembly
630:Constituent Assembly election
4859:Political parties in Tunisia
4745:Progressive Democratic Party
4640:National Front for Salvation
4410:Political parties in Tunisia
4037:In a Worried Corner of Tunis
3934:thehindu.com 12 October 2011
2047:Aarabi, Kasra (March 2019).
1253:
1073:Pole Democratique Moderniste
1006:European Christian democrats
937:October 1981 – August 1984:
534:Progressive Democratic Party
421:Ḥarakatu l-Ittijāhu l-Islāmī
402:Succeeding a group known as
287:Movement of Islamic Tendency
7:
4864:Social conservative parties
4368:, Vol. 1, No. 2 (July 1997)
2860:Gerges, Fawaz (June 2012).
2053:Institute for Global Change
1313:
955:October 1988 – March 1991:
915:
768:resignation. The same day,
689:2011–2014 Troika government
420:
356:
293:and through the latter, to
258:
10:
4895:
4733:Socialist Destourian Party
4606:Expatriate Tunisians' Call
4583:Socialist Destourian Party
3830:Osman, Tarek (2016). "4".
2629:(in German). 18 May 2011.
2049:"What Is Velayat-e Faqih?"
1500:. Ennahdha. Archived from
1080:". The general manager of
964:March 1991: Mohamed Akrout
961:March 1991: Mohamed Kaloui
946:August 1987 – April 1988:
552:He also met U.S. Senators
445:. The group supported the
392:
375:by the movement's founder
27:Political party in Tunisia
4879:Islamic political parties
4788:List of political parties
4778:
4763:Democratic Alliance Party
4701:
4683:Unionist Democratic Union
4630:Maghrebi Republican Party
4592:Congress for the Republic
4534:Republican People's Union
4476:
4423:
4186:10.1017/S0003055419000819
4084:"Tunisia at a Crossroads"
4042:22 September 2015 at the
3791:Worth, Robert F. (2016).
3445:Worth, Robert F. (2016).
3375:Worth, Robert F. (2016).
2215:Columbia University Press
2126:10.1017/9781009178259.006
2008:Worth, Robert F. (2016).
1879:Worth, Robert F. (2016).
1864:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
1258:
1241:
1238:
1235:
1230:
1223:
1058:Prime Minister of Tunisia
887:Fakhfakh's new government
655:Congress for the Republic
213:
199:
189:
171:
145:
137:
124:
116:
98:
85:
75:
65:
56:
34:
4615:Green Party for Progress
2418:14 February 2011 at the
1325:
1175:homosexuality in Tunisia
982:October –November 1991:
898:dismissed the government
728:Ennahda was part of the
361:Following 2011 and the "
306:2011 Tunisian revolution
39:
4168:Grewal, Sharan (2020).
3930:1 February 2016 at the
2875:: 14–18. Archived from
2627:Deutschlandradio Kultur
1805:Marc Lynch 29 June 2011
1801:3 December 2013 at the
1375:The Wall Street Journal
896:. President Kais Saied
732:government, along with
639:In the 23 October 2011
621:Ennahda members in the
310:Zine El Abidine Ben Ali
173:Political position
43:Hizbu Ḥarakatu n-Nahḍah
4650:Popular Unity Movement
4466:Independent lists (52)
4361:Bruce Maddy-Weitzman,
3090:"Al-Monitor Questions"
2654:Cite journal requires
2603:Cite journal requires
2422:, NPR, 30 January 2011
1047:held a joint rally in
894:2021 Tunisian protests
625:
572:in Italy and Germany.
529:
461:
425:) in 1981. After the
407:
263:
166:Conservative democracy
104:; 43 years ago
47:
4678:Tunisian Pirate Party
4504:Free Destourian Party
4449:Voice of the Republic
4437:25th of July Movement
4294:. 10 September 2019.
3580:www.chinadaily.com.cn
1796:Tunisia's New Ennahda
1590:. 30 September 2016.
1249:Coalition(2011–2014)
1190:psychiatric hospitals
1160:Amnesty International
1108:gender discrimination
1056:Jebali was appointed
973:June–September 1991:
770:Standard & Poor's
646:According to scholar
620:
591:Noureddine El-Beheiry
527:
456:
416:حركة الاتجاه الإسلامي
266:), also known as the
4668:Social Liberal Party
4610:Free Patriotic Union
4554:Farmers' Voice Party
4529:Tunisian Alternative
4375:. May 2021. No. 142.
4234:. 20 February 2012.
4145:. 6 September 2018.
3260:. 20 February 2013.
3199:. 20 February 2013.
2996:. 21 November 2011.
2175:Gana, Nouri (2013).
1955:. 8 September 2014.
1588:Foreign Policy Blogs
1060:a mere month later.
870:, Ennahda candidate
669:, and of CPR-leader
623:Constituent Assembly
488:Ennahda's newspaper
427:Tunisian bread riots
274:, is a self-defined
128:67, rue Oum Kalthoum
4874:Tunisian revolution
4793:Politics of Tunisia
4655:Popular Unity Party
4620:Green Tunisia Party
4063:on 17 November 2011
3733:Middle East Monitor
3295:on 3 September 2013
2680:Süddeutsche Zeitung
2372:No. 124 (1989), p10
2309:. 17 January 2015.
2303:"Rachid Ghannouchi"
2086:9 July 2021 at the
1983:Middle East Monitor
1750:on 18 November 2011
1504:on 22 December 2011
1470:. 28 January 2017.
1468:Middle East Monitor
1184:, Ennahda mayor of
993:Political positions
605:wrote to President
587:Tunisian Parliament
579:Süddeutsche Zeitung
570:Christian democracy
508:Tunisian Revolution
506:In the wake of the
304:In the wake of the
278:political party in
270:or simply known as
218:Politics of Tunisia
157:Economic liberalism
153:Social conservatism
4849:Muslim Brotherhood
4819:Clandestine groups
4663:Reform Front Party
4494:Democratic Current
4469:Unfilled seats (7)
4143:Human Rights Watch
3987:on 8 November 2017
3906:on 12 October 2017
3769:on 2 February 2014
3672:Human Rights Watch
3521:. 9 October 2019.
3491:. 27 August 2022.
3055:The New York Times
2970:on 17 January 2012
2834:The New York Times
2804:. 2 January 2022.
2774:. 2 January 2022.
2441:The New York Times
2350:on 1 February 2011
2245:The New York Times
2157:on 29 October 2011
1985:. 5 October 2018.
1927:on 20 January 2014
1628:on 19 January 2012
1213:% of overall vote
1171:Abdelfattah Mourou
663:Mustapha Ben Jafar
626:
566:Islamic democratic
530:
513:The New York Times
462:
443:Muslim Brotherhood
439:Iranian revolution
299:Islamic Government
291:Muslim Brotherhood
276:Islamic democratic
264:Mouvement Ennahdha
4801:
4800:
4751:Ettajdid Movement
4509:Long Live Tunisia
4499:Dignity Coalition
4443:People's Movement
4371:Andrew F. March,
3702:www.aljazeera.com
3611:www.aljazeera.com
3024:eur-lex.europa.eu
2939:on 9 January 2012
2742:www.aljazeera.com
2217:. pp. 354–5.
2188:978-0-7486-9103-6
2135:978-1-009-17823-5
1842:Totten, Michael.
1494:"The word حركة —
1311:
1310:
1210:# of total votes
1194:Association Shams
1116:Beji Caid Essebsi
999:Beji Caid Essebsi
969:Mohamed Ben Salem
967:April–June 1991:
922:Rached Ghannouchi
902:Rached Ghannouchi
864:
863:
802:Beji Caid Essebsi
793:National Dialogue
765:Rached Ghannouchi
726:
725:
603:Rached Ghannouchi
538:Ettajdid Movement
536:at 12.3% and the
458:Rached Ghannouchi
383:Rached Ghannouchi
377:Rached Ghannouchi
295:Ruhollah Khomeini
268:Renaissance Party
259:Ḥarakatu n-Nahḍah
256:
236:
235:
223:Political parties
161:Islamic democracy
90:Rached Ghannouchi
76:General Secretary
70:Rached Ghannouchi
48:Mouvement Ennahda
16:(Redirected from
4886:
4602:Democratic Party
4489:Heart of Tunisia
4418:
4417:
4403:
4396:
4389:
4380:
4379:
4358:
4357:
4355:Official website
4351:
4338:
4337:
4335:
4333:
4314:
4308:
4307:
4305:
4303:
4284:
4278:
4277:
4275:
4273:
4254:
4248:
4247:
4245:
4243:
4224:
4218:
4217:
4215:
4213:
4165:
4159:
4158:
4156:
4154:
4135:
4129:
4128:
4126:
4124:
4102:
4096:
4095:
4093:
4091:
4079:
4073:
4072:
4070:
4068:
4053:
4047:
4034:
4028:
4027:
4025:
4023:
4014:. Archived from
4012:tunisia-live.net
4003:
3997:
3996:
3994:
3992:
3983:. Archived from
3981:tunisia-live.net
3972:
3966:
3965:
3963:
3961:
3941:
3935:
3922:
3916:
3915:
3913:
3911:
3892:
3886:
3885:
3883:
3881:
3866:
3860:
3859:
3857:
3855:
3827:
3821:
3820:
3818:
3816:
3788:
3779:
3778:
3776:
3774:
3765:. Archived from
3755:
3749:
3748:
3746:
3744:
3724:
3718:
3717:
3715:
3713:
3694:
3688:
3687:
3685:
3683:
3664:
3658:
3657:
3655:
3653:
3633:
3627:
3626:
3624:
3622:
3605:Allahoum, Ramy.
3602:
3596:
3595:
3593:
3591:
3571:
3565:
3564:
3562:
3560:
3541:
3535:
3534:
3532:
3530:
3511:
3505:
3504:
3502:
3500:
3481:
3475:
3474:
3472:
3470:
3442:
3436:
3435:
3433:
3431:
3411:
3405:
3404:
3402:
3400:
3372:
3366:
3365:
3363:
3361:
3350:Atlantic Council
3341:
3335:
3334:
3332:
3330:
3321:. 8 March 2013.
3311:
3305:
3304:
3302:
3300:
3291:. Archived from
3280:
3274:
3273:
3271:
3269:
3250:
3244:
3243:
3241:
3239:
3219:
3213:
3212:
3210:
3208:
3189:
3180:
3179:
3177:
3175:
3149:
3138:
3137:
3135:
3133:
3118:
3112:
3111:
3109:
3107:
3101:
3094:
3085:
3079:
3078:
3076:
3074:
3046:
3040:
3039:
3037:
3035:
3016:
3010:
3009:
3007:
3005:
2986:
2980:
2979:
2977:
2975:
2966:. Archived from
2955:
2949:
2948:
2946:
2944:
2935:. Archived from
2924:
2918:
2917:
2915:
2913:
2898:
2892:
2891:
2889:
2887:
2881:
2866:
2857:
2851:
2850:
2848:
2846:
2824:
2818:
2817:
2815:
2813:
2794:
2788:
2787:
2785:
2783:
2764:
2758:
2757:
2755:
2753:
2734:
2728:
2727:
2725:
2723:
2704:
2698:
2697:
2695:
2693:
2670:
2664:
2663:
2657:
2652:
2650:
2642:
2640:
2638:
2619:
2613:
2612:
2606:
2601:
2599:
2591:
2589:
2587:
2572:
2566:
2565:
2563:
2561:
2546:
2540:
2539:
2537:
2535:
2520:
2511:
2510:
2508:
2506:
2497:. 1 March 2011.
2487:
2481:
2480:
2475:. Archived from
2463:
2457:
2456:
2454:
2452:
2432:
2423:
2410:
2404:
2403:
2401:
2399:
2379:
2373:
2366:
2360:
2359:
2357:
2355:
2336:
2323:
2322:
2320:
2318:
2299:
2293:
2292:
2290:
2288:
2268:
2262:
2255:
2249:
2248:, 9 January 1984
2241:
2235:
2228:
2219:
2218:
2206:
2200:
2199:
2197:
2195:
2172:
2166:
2165:
2164:
2162:
2145:
2139:
2138:
2109:
2103:
2096:
2090:
2075:
2069:
2068:
2066:
2064:
2044:
2038:
2037:
2035:
2033:
2005:
1999:
1998:
1996:
1994:
1975:
1969:
1968:
1966:
1964:
1945:
1936:
1935:
1934:
1932:
1915:
1909:
1908:
1906:
1904:
1876:
1870:
1869:
1863:
1855:
1853:
1851:
1839:
1833:
1832:
1830:
1828:
1812:
1806:
1793:
1784:
1783:
1781:
1779:
1763:
1752:
1751:
1738:
1727:
1726:
1724:
1722:
1713:. 1 March 2011.
1703:
1697:
1696:
1694:
1692:
1673:
1667:
1666:
1664:
1662:
1646:
1637:
1636:
1635:
1633:
1624:, archived from
1613:
1604:
1603:
1601:
1599:
1580:
1574:
1573:
1571:
1569:
1550:
1544:
1543:
1541:
1539:
1530:. 25 July 2021.
1520:
1514:
1513:
1511:
1509:
1490:
1484:
1483:
1481:
1479:
1460:
1454:
1453:
1451:
1449:
1433:
1424:
1423:
1421:
1419:
1400:
1391:
1390:
1388:
1386:
1366:
1360:
1359:
1357:
1355:
1340:
1303:
1280:
1245:
1204:
1203:
1200:Election results
1150:and heritage of
1070:of the Tunisian
1014:Arab nationalist
859:
856:
838:
831:
721:
718:
700:
693:
432:Ḥarakat Ennahḍha
423:
417:
261:
251:
249:
240:Ennahda Movement
208:
185:
163:
112:
110:
105:
102:6 June 1981
94:
61:
50:
37:Ennahda Movement
32:
31:
21:
18:Ennahda Movement
4894:
4893:
4889:
4888:
4887:
4885:
4884:
4883:
4804:
4803:
4802:
4797:
4783:Politics Portal
4774:
4727:Communist Party
4709:Young Tunisians
4697:
4673:Socialist Party
4549:Current of Love
4514:Machrouu Tounes
4472:
4461:Tunisia Forward
4428:
4427:Representatives
4426:
4425:Assembly of the
4419:
4412:
4407:
4353:
4352:
4349:
4346:
4341:
4331:
4329:
4316:
4315:
4311:
4301:
4299:
4286:
4285:
4281:
4271:
4269:
4256:
4255:
4251:
4241:
4239:
4226:
4225:
4221:
4211:
4209:
4166:
4162:
4152:
4150:
4137:
4136:
4132:
4122:
4120:
4103:
4099:
4089:
4087:
4080:
4076:
4066:
4064:
4055:
4054:
4050:
4044:Wayback Machine
4035:
4031:
4021:
4019:
4004:
4000:
3990:
3988:
3973:
3969:
3959:
3957:
3942:
3938:
3932:Wayback Machine
3923:
3919:
3909:
3907:
3894:
3893:
3889:
3879:
3877:
3868:
3867:
3863:
3853:
3851:
3844:
3828:
3824:
3814:
3812:
3805:
3789:
3782:
3772:
3770:
3757:
3756:
3752:
3742:
3740:
3725:
3721:
3711:
3709:
3696:
3695:
3691:
3681:
3679:
3674:. 11 May 2023.
3666:
3665:
3661:
3651:
3649:
3634:
3630:
3620:
3618:
3603:
3599:
3589:
3587:
3572:
3568:
3558:
3556:
3543:
3542:
3538:
3528:
3526:
3513:
3512:
3508:
3498:
3496:
3483:
3482:
3478:
3468:
3466:
3459:
3443:
3439:
3429:
3427:
3412:
3408:
3398:
3396:
3389:
3373:
3369:
3359:
3357:
3342:
3338:
3328:
3326:
3313:
3312:
3308:
3298:
3296:
3281:
3277:
3267:
3265:
3252:
3251:
3247:
3237:
3235:
3220:
3216:
3206:
3204:
3191:
3190:
3183:
3173:
3171:
3150:
3141:
3131:
3129:
3120:
3119:
3115:
3105:
3103:
3099:
3092:
3086:
3082:
3072:
3070:
3047:
3043:
3033:
3031:
3018:
3017:
3013:
3003:
3001:
2988:
2987:
2983:
2973:
2971:
2956:
2952:
2942:
2940:
2925:
2921:
2911:
2909:
2900:
2899:
2895:
2885:
2883:
2882:on 30 July 2013
2879:
2864:
2858:
2854:
2844:
2842:
2825:
2821:
2811:
2809:
2796:
2795:
2791:
2781:
2779:
2766:
2765:
2761:
2751:
2749:
2736:
2735:
2731:
2721:
2719:
2706:
2705:
2701:
2691:
2689:
2671:
2667:
2655:
2653:
2644:
2643:
2636:
2634:
2621:
2620:
2616:
2604:
2602:
2593:
2592:
2585:
2583:
2574:
2573:
2569:
2559:
2557:
2556:on 11 June 2020
2548:
2547:
2543:
2533:
2531:
2530:on 21 July 2011
2522:
2521:
2514:
2504:
2502:
2489:
2488:
2484:
2465:
2464:
2460:
2450:
2448:
2433:
2426:
2420:Wayback Machine
2411:
2407:
2397:
2395:
2380:
2376:
2370:Maghreb-Machrek
2367:
2363:
2353:
2351:
2338:
2337:
2326:
2316:
2314:
2301:
2300:
2296:
2286:
2284:
2269:
2265:
2257:Wright, Robin,
2256:
2252:
2242:
2238:
2230:Wright, Robin,
2229:
2222:
2207:
2203:
2193:
2191:
2189:
2173:
2169:
2160:
2158:
2147:
2146:
2142:
2136:
2110:
2106:
2097:
2093:
2088:Wayback Machine
2076:
2072:
2062:
2060:
2045:
2041:
2031:
2029:
2022:
2006:
2002:
1992:
1990:
1977:
1976:
1972:
1962:
1960:
1947:
1946:
1939:
1930:
1928:
1917:
1916:
1912:
1902:
1900:
1893:
1877:
1873:
1857:
1856:
1849:
1847:
1840:
1836:
1826:
1824:
1813:
1809:
1803:Wayback Machine
1794:
1787:
1777:
1775:
1764:
1755:
1740:
1739:
1730:
1720:
1718:
1705:
1704:
1700:
1690:
1688:
1675:
1674:
1670:
1660:
1658:
1647:
1640:
1631:
1629:
1622:Al-Ahram Weekly
1614:
1607:
1597:
1595:
1582:
1581:
1577:
1567:
1565:
1560:. 20 May 2016.
1552:
1551:
1547:
1537:
1535:
1522:
1521:
1517:
1507:
1505:
1492:
1491:
1487:
1477:
1475:
1462:
1461:
1457:
1447:
1445:
1434:
1427:
1417:
1415:
1408:Middle East Eye
1402:
1401:
1394:
1384:
1382:
1367:
1363:
1353:
1351:
1342:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1328:
1316:
1304:
1301:
1281:
1278:
1246:
1243:
1202:
1136:
1118:is against the
1104:political Islam
995:
918:
860:
854:
851:
844:needs expansion
829:
742:Ansar al-Sharia
722:
716:
713:
706:needs expansion
691:
671:Moncef Marzouki
615:
504:
400:
395:
372:velayat-i feqih
359:
285:Founded as the
232:
209:
206:
177:
164:
159:
155:
151:
129:
108:
106:
103:
92:
52:
51:
45:
41:
38:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4892:
4882:
4881:
4876:
4871:
4866:
4861:
4856:
4851:
4846:
4841:
4836:
4831:
4826:
4821:
4816:
4799:
4798:
4796:
4795:
4790:
4785:
4779:
4776:
4775:
4773:
4772:
4766:
4760:
4757:Al-Watan Party
4754:
4748:
4742:
4736:
4730:
4724:
4718:
4712:
4705:
4703:
4699:
4698:
4696:
4695:
4690:
4685:
4680:
4675:
4670:
4665:
4660:
4659:Rad Al Iitibar
4657:
4652:
4647:
4642:
4637:
4635:Movement Party
4632:
4627:
4622:
4617:
4612:
4607:
4604:
4599:
4594:
4589:
4584:
4581:
4566:
4561:
4556:
4551:
4546:
4541:
4536:
4531:
4526:
4521:
4516:
4511:
4506:
4501:
4496:
4491:
4486:
4480:
4478:
4474:
4473:
4471:
4470:
4467:
4464:
4458:
4452:
4446:
4440:
4433:
4431:
4421:
4420:
4406:
4405:
4398:
4391:
4383:
4377:
4376:
4369:
4359:
4345:
4344:External links
4342:
4340:
4339:
4309:
4279:
4249:
4219:
4180:(2): 519–535.
4160:
4130:
4097:
4074:
4048:
4029:
4018:on 4 June 2012
3998:
3967:
3936:
3917:
3887:
3861:
3842:
3822:
3803:
3780:
3750:
3719:
3689:
3659:
3628:
3597:
3566:
3536:
3506:
3476:
3457:
3437:
3406:
3387:
3367:
3336:
3306:
3275:
3245:
3214:
3181:
3139:
3113:
3080:
3041:
3011:
2981:
2950:
2919:
2893:
2852:
2819:
2789:
2759:
2729:
2699:
2665:
2656:|journal=
2614:
2605:|journal=
2567:
2541:
2512:
2482:
2479:on 3 May 2016.
2458:
2424:
2405:
2374:
2361:
2324:
2294:
2263:
2250:
2236:
2220:
2201:
2187:
2167:
2140:
2134:
2104:
2091:
2070:
2039:
2020:
2000:
1970:
1937:
1910:
1891:
1871:
1834:
1807:
1785:
1753:
1728:
1698:
1668:
1638:
1605:
1575:
1545:
1515:
1485:
1455:
1425:
1392:
1361:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1323:
1322:
1315:
1312:
1309:
1308:
1305:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1292:
1286:
1285:
1282:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1269:
1263:
1262:
1256:
1255:
1251:
1250:
1247:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1234:
1228:
1227:
1221:
1220:
1217:
1214:
1211:
1208:
1207:Election year
1201:
1198:
1156:mental illness
1135:
1132:
1110:and implement
994:
991:
990:
989:
986:
980:
977:
971:
965:
962:
959:
953:
950:
944:
941:
935:
932:
917:
914:
872:Jamilia Ksiksi
862:
861:
841:
839:
828:
825:
789:Mohamed Brahmi
724:
723:
703:
701:
690:
687:
683:Prime Minister
634:end of Ramadan
614:
611:
519:Hizb ut-Tahrir
503:
500:
404:Islamic Action
399:
396:
394:
391:
358:
355:
342:Mohamed Brahmi
234:
233:
231:
230:
225:
220:
214:
211:
210:
205:
203:
197:
196:
191:
187:
186:
175:
169:
168:
149:
143:
142:
139:
135:
134:
126:
122:
121:
118:
114:
113:
100:
96:
95:
87:
83:
82:
77:
73:
72:
67:
63:
62:
54:
53:
36:
35:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4891:
4880:
4877:
4875:
4872:
4870:
4867:
4865:
4862:
4860:
4857:
4855:
4852:
4850:
4847:
4845:
4842:
4840:
4837:
4835:
4832:
4830:
4827:
4825:
4822:
4820:
4817:
4815:
4812:
4811:
4809:
4794:
4791:
4789:
4786:
4784:
4781:
4780:
4777:
4770:
4767:
4764:
4761:
4758:
4755:
4752:
4749:
4746:
4743:
4740:
4737:
4734:
4731:
4728:
4725:
4722:
4719:
4716:
4713:
4710:
4707:
4706:
4704:
4700:
4694:
4693:Wafa Movement
4691:
4689:
4686:
4684:
4681:
4679:
4676:
4674:
4671:
4669:
4666:
4664:
4661:
4658:
4656:
4653:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4643:
4641:
4638:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4628:
4626:
4623:
4621:
4618:
4616:
4613:
4611:
4608:
4605:
4603:
4600:
4598:
4595:
4593:
4590:
4588:
4585:
4582:
4579:
4575:
4571:
4567:
4565:
4564:Popular Front
4562:
4560:
4557:
4555:
4552:
4550:
4547:
4545:
4542:
4540:
4537:
4535:
4532:
4530:
4527:
4525:
4522:
4520:
4517:
4515:
4512:
4510:
4507:
4505:
4502:
4500:
4497:
4495:
4492:
4490:
4487:
4485:
4482:
4481:
4479:
4477:Unrepresented
4475:
4468:
4465:
4462:
4459:
4456:
4453:
4450:
4447:
4444:
4441:
4438:
4435:
4434:
4432:
4430:
4429:of the People
4422:
4416:
4411:
4404:
4399:
4397:
4392:
4390:
4385:
4384:
4381:
4374:
4370:
4367:
4364:
4360:
4356:
4348:
4347:
4327:
4323:
4319:
4313:
4297:
4293:
4292:Le360 Afrique
4289:
4283:
4267:
4263:
4259:
4253:
4237:
4233:
4232:Slate Afrique
4229:
4223:
4207:
4203:
4199:
4195:
4191:
4187:
4183:
4179:
4175:
4171:
4164:
4148:
4144:
4140:
4134:
4118:
4114:
4113:
4108:
4101:
4085:
4078:
4062:
4058:
4052:
4045:
4041:
4038:
4033:
4017:
4013:
4009:
4002:
3986:
3982:
3978:
3971:
3955:
3951:
3947:
3940:
3933:
3929:
3926:
3921:
3905:
3901:
3897:
3891:
3875:
3871:
3865:
3849:
3845:
3843:9780300197723
3839:
3835:
3834:
3826:
3810:
3806:
3804:9780374710712
3800:
3796:
3795:
3787:
3785:
3768:
3764:
3760:
3754:
3738:
3734:
3730:
3723:
3707:
3703:
3699:
3693:
3677:
3673:
3669:
3663:
3647:
3643:
3639:
3632:
3616:
3612:
3608:
3601:
3585:
3581:
3577:
3570:
3554:
3550:
3546:
3540:
3524:
3520:
3516:
3510:
3494:
3490:
3486:
3480:
3464:
3460:
3458:9780374710712
3454:
3450:
3449:
3441:
3425:
3421:
3417:
3410:
3394:
3390:
3388:9780374710712
3384:
3380:
3379:
3371:
3355:
3351:
3347:
3344:Ameur, Naim.
3340:
3324:
3320:
3316:
3310:
3294:
3290:
3289:Tunisia Alive
3286:
3279:
3263:
3259:
3255:
3249:
3233:
3229:
3225:
3218:
3202:
3198:
3194:
3188:
3186:
3169:
3165:
3161:
3160:
3155:
3148:
3146:
3144:
3127:
3123:
3117:
3098:
3091:
3084:
3068:
3064:
3060:
3056:
3052:
3045:
3029:
3025:
3021:
3015:
2999:
2995:
2991:
2985:
2969:
2965:
2961:
2954:
2938:
2934:
2930:
2923:
2907:
2903:
2897:
2878:
2874:
2870:
2863:
2856:
2840:
2836:
2835:
2830:
2823:
2807:
2803:
2799:
2793:
2777:
2773:
2769:
2763:
2747:
2743:
2739:
2733:
2717:
2713:
2712:www.aa.com.tr
2709:
2703:
2687:
2683:
2681:
2676:
2669:
2661:
2648:
2632:
2628:
2624:
2618:
2610:
2597:
2581:
2577:
2571:
2555:
2551:
2545:
2529:
2525:
2519:
2517:
2500:
2496:
2492:
2486:
2478:
2474:
2473:
2468:
2462:
2446:
2442:
2438:
2431:
2429:
2421:
2417:
2414:
2409:
2393:
2389:
2385:
2382:Rajaa Basly.
2378:
2371:
2365:
2349:
2345:
2341:
2335:
2333:
2331:
2329:
2312:
2308:
2304:
2298:
2282:
2278:
2274:
2267:
2260:
2254:
2247:
2246:
2240:
2233:
2227:
2225:
2216:
2212:
2205:
2190:
2184:
2180:
2179:
2171:
2156:
2152:
2151:
2144:
2137:
2131:
2127:
2123:
2119:
2115:
2108:
2101:
2100:Liberal Islam
2095:
2089:
2085:
2082:
2079:
2074:
2058:
2054:
2050:
2043:
2027:
2023:
2021:9780374710712
2017:
2013:
2012:
2004:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1974:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1944:
1942:
1926:
1922:
1921:
1914:
1898:
1894:
1892:9780374710712
1888:
1884:
1883:
1875:
1867:
1861:
1845:
1838:
1822:
1818:
1815:Bay, Austin.
1811:
1804:
1800:
1797:
1792:
1790:
1773:
1770:. Bloomberg.
1769:
1762:
1760:
1758:
1749:
1745:
1744:
1737:
1735:
1733:
1716:
1712:
1708:
1702:
1686:
1682:
1678:
1672:
1656:
1652:
1645:
1643:
1627:
1623:
1619:
1612:
1610:
1593:
1589:
1585:
1579:
1563:
1559:
1558:Wilson Center
1555:
1549:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1519:
1503:
1499:
1497:
1489:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1459:
1443:
1439:
1432:
1430:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1399:
1397:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1365:
1349:
1345:
1339:
1335:
1321:
1318:
1317:
1306:
1299:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1287:
1283:
1276:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1264:
1261:
1257:
1252:
1248:
1233:
1229:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1215:
1212:
1209:
1206:
1205:
1197:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1182:Fathi Layouni
1178:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1163:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1134:Homosexuality
1131:
1127:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1096:
1094:
1088:
1085:
1084:
1079:
1075:
1074:
1069:
1068:Ahmed Ibrahim
1065:
1061:
1059:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1045:Hamadi Jebali
1041:
1039:
1035:
1030:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1002:
1000:
987:
985:
984:Walid Bennani
981:
978:
976:
975:Habib Ellouze
972:
970:
966:
963:
960:
958:
957:Sadok Chourou
954:
951:
949:
945:
942:
940:
939:Hamadi Jebali
936:
933:
930:
929:
928:
925:
923:
913:
909:
905:
903:
899:
895:
890:
888:
884:
880:
879:2019 election
875:
873:
869:
858:
849:
845:
842:This section
840:
837:
833:
832:
824:
822:
817:
815:
811:
806:
803:
799:
794:
790:
785:
781:
779:
775:
771:
766:
763:Party leader
761:
758:
754:
753:Chokri Belaid
749:
745:
743:
739:
735:
731:
720:
717:November 2014
711:
707:
704:This section
702:
699:
695:
694:
686:
684:
680:
679:Hamadi Jebali
676:
672:
668:
664:
660:
656:
651:
649:
644:
642:
637:
635:
631:
628:Ahead of the
624:
619:
610:
608:
604:
600:
596:
592:
588:
583:
581:
580:
573:
571:
567:
561:
559:
558:Joe Lieberman
555:
551:
547:
546:Hamadi Jebali
542:
539:
535:
526:
522:
520:
515:
514:
509:
499:
496:
491:
486:
482:
479:
475:
471:
467:
459:
455:
451:
448:
447:1979 takeover
444:
440:
435:
433:
428:
424:
422:
413:
409:
405:
390:
386:
384:
380:
378:
374:
373:
368:
364:
354:
351:
350:Popular Front
347:
343:
339:
338:Chokri Belaid
333:
331:
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
307:
302:
300:
296:
292:
288:
283:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
260:
254:
245:
241:
229:
226:
224:
221:
219:
216:
215:
212:
204:
202:
198:
195:
192:
188:
184:
180:
176:
174:
170:
167:
162:
158:
154:
150:
148:
144:
140:
136:
133:
127:
123:
119:
115:
101:
97:
91:
88:
84:
81:
78:
74:
71:
68:
64:
60:
55:
49:
44:
33:
30:
19:
4645:Pirate Party
4544:Green League
4519:Nidaa Tounes
4483:
4365:
4330:. Retrieved
4322:arabesque.tn
4321:
4312:
4300:. Retrieved
4291:
4282:
4270:. Retrieved
4261:
4252:
4240:. Retrieved
4231:
4222:
4210:. Retrieved
4177:
4173:
4163:
4151:. Retrieved
4142:
4133:
4121:. Retrieved
4112:The Guardian
4110:
4100:
4088:. Retrieved
4077:
4065:. Retrieved
4061:the original
4051:
4032:
4020:. Retrieved
4016:the original
4011:
4001:
3989:. Retrieved
3985:the original
3980:
3970:
3958:. Retrieved
3950:swissinfo.ch
3949:
3939:
3920:
3908:. Retrieved
3904:the original
3899:
3890:
3878:. Retrieved
3864:
3852:. Retrieved
3832:
3825:
3813:. Retrieved
3793:
3771:. Retrieved
3767:the original
3762:
3753:
3741:. Retrieved
3732:
3722:
3710:. Retrieved
3701:
3692:
3680:. Retrieved
3671:
3662:
3650:. Retrieved
3641:
3631:
3619:. Retrieved
3610:
3600:
3588:. Retrieved
3579:
3569:
3557:. Retrieved
3548:
3539:
3527:. Retrieved
3518:
3509:
3497:. Retrieved
3488:
3479:
3467:. Retrieved
3447:
3440:
3428:. Retrieved
3419:
3409:
3397:. Retrieved
3377:
3370:
3358:. Retrieved
3349:
3339:
3327:. Retrieved
3318:
3309:
3297:. Retrieved
3293:the original
3288:
3278:
3266:. Retrieved
3257:
3248:
3236:. Retrieved
3228:The Guardian
3227:
3217:
3205:. Retrieved
3196:
3172:. Retrieved
3157:
3130:. Retrieved
3116:
3104:. Retrieved
3083:
3071:. Retrieved
3054:
3044:
3032:. Retrieved
3023:
3014:
3002:. Retrieved
2993:
2984:
2972:. Retrieved
2968:the original
2964:Tunisia Live
2963:
2953:
2941:. Retrieved
2937:the original
2933:Tunisia Live
2932:
2922:
2910:. Retrieved
2896:
2884:. Retrieved
2877:the original
2872:
2868:
2855:
2843:. Retrieved
2832:
2822:
2810:. Retrieved
2801:
2792:
2780:. Retrieved
2771:
2762:
2750:. Retrieved
2741:
2732:
2720:. Retrieved
2711:
2702:
2690:. Retrieved
2678:
2668:
2647:cite journal
2635:. Retrieved
2617:
2596:cite journal
2584:. Retrieved
2570:
2558:. Retrieved
2554:the original
2544:
2532:. Retrieved
2528:the original
2503:. Retrieved
2485:
2477:the original
2470:
2461:
2449:. Retrieved
2440:
2408:
2396:. Retrieved
2387:
2377:
2369:
2364:
2352:. Retrieved
2348:the original
2343:
2315:. Retrieved
2306:
2297:
2285:. Retrieved
2276:
2266:
2258:
2253:
2243:
2239:
2231:
2210:
2204:
2192:. Retrieved
2177:
2170:
2159:, retrieved
2155:the original
2149:
2143:
2117:
2107:
2099:
2094:
2077:
2073:
2061:. Retrieved
2052:
2042:
2030:. Retrieved
2010:
2003:
1991:. Retrieved
1982:
1973:
1963:20 September
1961:. Retrieved
1952:
1929:, retrieved
1925:the original
1919:
1913:
1901:. Retrieved
1881:
1874:
1848:. Retrieved
1837:
1825:. Retrieved
1810:
1776:. Retrieved
1748:the original
1742:
1719:. Retrieved
1710:
1701:
1689:. Retrieved
1681:docplayer.fr
1680:
1671:
1659:. Retrieved
1630:, retrieved
1626:the original
1621:
1596:. Retrieved
1587:
1578:
1566:. Retrieved
1557:
1548:
1536:. Retrieved
1527:
1518:
1506:. Retrieved
1502:the original
1495:
1488:
1476:. Retrieved
1467:
1458:
1446:. Retrieved
1416:. Retrieved
1407:
1383:. Retrieved
1374:
1364:
1352:. Retrieved
1338:
1179:
1164:
1137:
1128:
1124:progressives
1097:
1089:
1081:
1071:
1066:
1062:
1042:
1031:
1003:
996:
948:Salah Karker
926:
919:
910:
906:
891:
876:
865:
852:
848:adding to it
843:
827:2014–present
818:
814:Nidaa Tounes
807:
786:
782:
778:Ali Larayedh
762:
757:technocratic
750:
746:
727:
714:
710:adding to it
705:
652:
648:Noah Feldman
645:
638:
627:
584:
577:
574:
568:ideology to
562:
549:
543:
531:
511:
505:
494:
489:
487:
483:
463:
436:
431:
418:
403:
401:
387:
381:
370:
360:
334:
322:constitution
303:
286:
284:
271:
267:
239:
237:
179:Centre-right
125:Headquarters
120:1 March 2011
93:(co-founder)
80:Zied Ladhari
42:
29:
4771:(2011–2019)
4765:(2012–2017)
4759:(2011–2013)
4753:(1993–2012)
4747:(1983–2012)
4741:(1988–2011)
4735:(1964–1988)
4729:(1934–1993)
4723:(1934–1964)
4721:Neo Destour
4717:(1920–1960)
4559:Aïch Tounsi
4539:Afek Tounes
4350:(in Arabic)
4022:18 November
3991:15 November
3960:11 November
3773:25 February
3299:24 February
3268:20 February
3238:20 February
3207:20 February
3197:India Today
3132:19 February
2974:21 December
2943:23 November
2912:23 November
2869:The Majalla
2752:31 December
2722:31 December
2398:25 February
2259:Sacred Rage
2232:Sacred Rage
1219:Government
1216:# of seats
1144:free speech
1140:Samir Dilou
1112:inheritance
1010:doublespeak
855:August 2022
798:Mehdi Jomaa
554:John McCain
495:El Zaytouna
470:Sayyid Qutb
398:Early years
363:Arab Spring
346:progressive
248:حركة النهضة
194:Sunni Islam
40:حركة النهضة
4808:Categories
4123:22 October
4115:. London.
4067:26 October
3900:Fanack.com
3854:16 October
3430:17 October
3174:8 December
2845:23 October
2534:26 October
2505:2 December
2495:Al Arabiya
2451:19 January
2354:18 October
2317:18 October
2287:18 October
2161:6 November
1931:27 January
1778:31 October
1711:Al Jazeera
1661:28 October
1632:6 November
1508:28 October
1385:26 October
1331:References
1307:Coalition
1284:Coalition
1236:1,501,320
1083:Al Arabiya
883:Kais Saied
657:(CPR) and
607:Kais Saied
262:; French:
183:right-wing
109:1981-06-06
4212:19 August
4202:208262133
4194:0003-0554
4090:4 October
3743:15 August
3712:15 August
3682:15 August
3652:15 August
3621:15 August
3590:15 August
3559:15 August
3549:Brookings
3529:15 August
3519:France 24
3499:28 August
3063:0362-4331
2812:2 January
2782:2 January
2772:France 24
1598:23 August
1568:23 August
1418:23 August
1354:2 January
1180:In 2021,
1018:socialist
734:Ettakatol
659:Ettakatol
468:thinkers
253:romanized
228:Elections
138:Newspaper
117:Legalized
66:President
4711:(1907–?)
4332:25 March
4326:Archived
4302:25 March
4296:Archived
4272:25 March
4266:Archived
4242:25 March
4236:Archived
4206:Archived
4147:Archived
4117:Archived
4040:Archived
3954:Archived
3928:Archived
3880:23 March
3874:Archived
3848:Archived
3809:Archived
3737:Archived
3706:Archived
3676:Archived
3646:Archived
3615:Archived
3584:Archived
3553:Archived
3523:Archived
3493:Archived
3489:BBC News
3463:Archived
3424:Archived
3393:Archived
3354:Archived
3323:Archived
3319:BBC News
3262:Archived
3232:Archived
3201:Archived
3168:Archived
3126:Archived
3097:Archived
3067:Archived
3028:Archived
2998:Archived
2994:BBC News
2906:Archived
2839:Archived
2806:Archived
2776:Archived
2746:Archived
2716:Archived
2686:Archived
2682:(German)
2631:Archived
2580:Archived
2499:Archived
2445:Archived
2416:Archived
2392:Archived
2311:Archived
2281:Archived
2084:Archived
2057:Archived
2026:Archived
1987:Archived
1957:Archived
1897:Archived
1860:cite web
1850:22 March
1821:Archived
1799:Archived
1772:Archived
1715:Archived
1685:Archived
1655:Archived
1592:Archived
1562:Archived
1532:Archived
1496:movement
1472:Archived
1442:Archived
1412:Archived
1379:Archived
1348:Archived
1314:See also
1302:52 / 217
1294:561,132
1279:69 / 217
1271:947,034
1244:89 / 217
1148:religion
1034:Islamism
1026:Islamism
916:Chairmen
796:by
478:Islamism
466:Islamist
367:Islamist
357:Ideology
190:Religion
147:Ideology
4715:Destour
4702:Defunct
4587:Al Amal
4524:Errahma
4484:Ennahda
3910:19 July
3815:31 July
3642:Reuters
3469:31 July
3420:Reuters
3399:31 July
3258:Reuters
2886:4 April
2802:Reuters
2692:21 June
2637:21 June
2586:21 June
2560:21 June
2472:YouTube
2344:Reuters
2063:27 July
2032:31 July
1953:Reuters
1903:31 July
1827:2 March
1721:1 March
1691:27 July
1653:. BBC.
1538:27 July
1528:AP NEWS
1478:27 July
1448:17 July
1297:19.63%
1274:27.79%
1239:37.04%
1186:Le Kram
1152:Tunisia
866:In the
599:Bizerte
490:Al-Fajr
474:Maududi
410:(MTI),
393:History
280:Tunisia
272:Ennahda
255::
207:0 / 161
141:El-Fajr
107: (
99:Founded
86:Founder
4200:
4192:
4086:. FPIF
3840:
3801:
3455:
3385:
3360:15 May
3329:15 May
3106:15 May
3073:15 May
3061:
3034:15 May
3004:15 May
2194:13 May
2185:
2132:
2018:
1889:
1049:Sousse
1038:Turkey
1016:, and
736:, and
730:Troika
412:Arabic
344:, two
244:Arabic
4198:S2CID
4153:4 May
3574:王淑卿.
3100:(PDF)
3093:(PDF)
2880:(PDF)
2865:(PDF)
1993:4 May
1326:Notes
1120:Quran
1100:Tunis
1078:jihad
1053:Hamas
1022:Islam
132:Tunis
130:1001
4445:(12)
4439:(80)
4334:2021
4304:2021
4274:2021
4244:2021
4214:2020
4190:ISSN
4155:2019
4125:2011
4092:2012
4069:2011
4024:2015
3993:2011
3962:2011
3912:2016
3882:2012
3856:2016
3838:ISBN
3817:2016
3799:ISBN
3775:2015
3745:2023
3714:2023
3684:2023
3654:2023
3623:2023
3592:2023
3561:2023
3531:2023
3501:2022
3471:2016
3453:ISBN
3432:2016
3401:2016
3383:ISBN
3362:2017
3331:2017
3301:2013
3270:2013
3240:2013
3209:2013
3176:2016
3134:2013
3108:2017
3075:2017
3059:ISSN
3036:2017
3006:2017
2976:2011
2945:2011
2914:2011
2888:2013
2873:1573
2847:2011
2814:2022
2784:2022
2754:2021
2724:2021
2694:2011
2660:help
2639:2011
2609:help
2588:2011
2562:2011
2536:2011
2507:2013
2453:2011
2400:2015
2356:2016
2319:2016
2289:2016
2196:2015
2183:ISBN
2163:2011
2130:ISBN
2065:2021
2034:2016
2016:ISBN
1995:2019
1965:2014
1933:2014
1905:2016
1887:ISBN
1866:link
1852:2012
1829:2012
1780:2011
1723:2011
1693:2021
1663:2011
1634:2011
1600:2017
1570:2017
1540:2021
1510:2011
1480:2022
1450:2015
1420:2017
1387:2011
1356:2014
1290:2019
1267:2014
1232:2011
1167:2019
556:and
472:and
340:and
238:The
4578:MDS
4570:VDS
4463:(1)
4457:(2)
4451:(7)
4182:doi
4178:114
2122:doi
1036:of
850:.
774:IMF
738:CPR
712:.
681:as
673:as
665:as
595:AFP
301:".
181:to
4810::
4574:PR
4324:.
4320:.
4290:.
4264:.
4260:.
4230:.
4204:.
4196:.
4188:.
4176:.
4172:.
4141:.
4109:.
4010:.
3979:.
3952:.
3948:.
3898:.
3846:.
3807:.
3783:^
3761:.
3735:.
3731:.
3704:.
3700:.
3670:.
3644:.
3640:.
3613:.
3609:.
3582:.
3578:.
3551:.
3547:.
3517:.
3487:.
3461:.
3422:.
3418:.
3391:.
3352:.
3348:.
3317:.
3287:.
3256:.
3230:.
3226:.
3195:.
3184:^
3166:.
3162:.
3156:.
3142:^
3095:.
3065:.
3057:.
3053:.
3026:.
3022:.
2992:.
2962:.
2931:.
2871:.
2867:.
2837:.
2831:.
2800:.
2770:.
2744:.
2740:.
2714:.
2710:.
2684:.
2677:.
2651::
2649:}}
2645:{{
2625:.
2600::
2598:}}
2594:{{
2515:^
2493:.
2469:.
2443:.
2439:.
2427:^
2390:.
2386:.
2342:.
2327:^
2305:.
2279:.
2275:.
2223:^
2213:.
2128:,
2116:,
2055:.
2051:.
2024:.
1981:.
1951:.
1940:^
1895:.
1862:}}
1858:{{
1819:.
1788:^
1756:^
1731:^
1709:.
1683:.
1679:.
1641:^
1620:,
1608:^
1586:.
1556:.
1526:.
1466:.
1440:.
1428:^
1410:.
1406:.
1395:^
1377:.
1373:.
1169:,
1158:.
904:.
816:.
685:.
589:,
560:.
434:.
414::
332:.
282:.
250:,
246::
4580:)
4576:-
4572:-
4402:e
4395:t
4388:v
4336:.
4306:.
4276:.
4246:.
4216:.
4184::
4157:.
4127:.
4094:.
4071:.
4026:.
3995:.
3964:.
3914:.
3884:.
3858:.
3819:.
3777:.
3747:.
3716:.
3686:.
3656:.
3625:.
3594:.
3563:.
3533:.
3503:.
3473:.
3434:.
3403:.
3364:.
3333:.
3303:.
3272:.
3242:.
3211:.
3178:.
3136:.
3110:.
3077:.
3038:.
3008:.
2978:.
2947:.
2916:.
2890:.
2849:.
2816:.
2786:.
2756:.
2726:.
2696:.
2662:)
2658:(
2641:.
2611:)
2607:(
2590:.
2564:.
2538:.
2509:.
2455:.
2402:.
2358:.
2321:.
2291:.
2198:.
2124::
2067:.
2036:.
1997:.
1967:.
1907:.
1868:)
1854:.
1831:.
1782:.
1725:.
1695:.
1665:.
1602:.
1572:.
1542:.
1512:.
1482:.
1452:.
1422:.
1389:.
1358:.
857:)
853:(
719:)
715:(
242:(
111:)
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
