303:
patterns had to be attractive yet simple in design and inexpensive to manufacture. Marx worked within the restraints of a limited number of looms, four board-selected colours, and only two yarn types. Unlike her experience with the London
Passenger Transport commissions, Marx found the process of collaboration with manufacturers on Utility Furniture textiles to be a successful one. The textile patterns were primarily geometric, although Marx also introduced some floral motifs after seeking feedback from her
279:, focusing on interior fabrics and surfaces. The moquettes were designed to very specific standards, with patterns meant to hide wear and dirt but avoid the problem of "dazzle," their term for the potentially nauseating effects of a pattern in motion. Four of Marx's thirteen original designs are known to have been produced as a part of this redesign, including a "shield" pattern that was used in the London Underground for decades. Marx later recalled in a lecture to other textile designers that β
428:
In the introduction to the 1947 book they defined their subject as "the art which ordinary people have, from time immemorial, introduced into their everyday lives, sometimes making it themselves, at others imposing their tastes on the product of the craftsmen or of the machine". Marx and
Lambert's
222:
Marx was a versatile artist whose work spanned industrial design and the visual arts. She valued craft and folk art, and derived inspiration for her work from her collections of vernacular artwork and everyday objects. Although she is best known for her textile and book design, she also designed
302:
Design
Advisory Panel, which was tasked with implementing wartime austerity standards in the field of interior and furniture design. She became responsible for its range of textiles, eventually creating over 30 commissioned designs. This work represented a challenge for the designer because the
290:
During the design and production process for these fabrics, Marx expressed displeasure with the manufacturing firms, who took liberties with the designs to conform to manufacturing requirements. Marx believed that time and effort could have been saved if the manufacturers had consulted with her
33:
141:
Her artistic inclinations were fostered from an early age, especially by her older sister
Marguerite who lived in France for a period. As a young girl, she found pleasure in collecting samples of ribbon from textile shops. She travelled with her family in Europe before the
198:) in 1925, and she left the school that year. Her work was judged to be "vulgar", reflecting her interest in popular forms and rejection of the traditional definition of fine arts. Nearly 60 years later, in 1982, the College awarded her an honorary degree.
207:
131:
Born in London to Annie Marie
Neuberger and Robert Joseph Marx, Enid Marx was the youngest of three children. She was known familiarly throughout her life as "Marco". She was a distant cousin of
1138:
1094:
1320:
Bryant, Julius (1 January 2009). "The
Michael Marks Charitable Trust Supplement: Recent Acquisitions (2001β09) of Designs at the Victoria and Albert Museum, London".
473:, teaching creative design for fabric printing. In 1949 she took an interior decoration lecturer position at the London County Council City Literary Institute in
1739:
1689:
1632:
271:
seat fabrics for use on the seats of London buses and tube trains. The new seat fabrics were part of a customer-experience centered redesign, spearheaded by
138:
Her father was a paper-making engineer, and Marx would later describe his work as a major influence on her interest in mass-produced design and popular art.
1056:
763:
720:
194:, then a tutor at the RCA, who introduced her to publishers and encouraged her avant-garde leanings. Marx failed her Final Diploma Assessment (led by
1556:
1100:
1794:
1774:
909:
285:
the best method of ensuring the seats would look clean after a period of use was to use strongly contrasting tones and rather brilliant colou
1582:
291:
before making the necessary modifications. The pattern used for the seats and interior backdrops was a geometric design in green and red.
1779:
1694:
1679:
243:
textiles, often making use of naturally-derived dyes instead of new chemical methods. Her work was sold through the Little
Gallery, off
1684:
1759:
162:
for girls from 1916 until 1921, and her artistic studies there included life drawing, printing, and carpentry. She studied at the
1674:
281:
We all thought at first that the best way of disguising dirt was to use colours which would more or less tone in with the dirt
1398:
1032:
111:(20 October 1902 β 18 May 1998), was an English painter and designer, best known for her industrial textile designs for the
1784:
1531:
1479:
HEWER, SUSAN (1 January 1994). Ravilious, Eric; Lewis, John; Marx, Enid; Harling, Robert (eds.). "Ravilious wood blocks".
1260:
Weaver, Cynthia (1 January 1989). "Enid Marx: Designing
Fabrics for the London Passenger Transport Board in the 1930s".
1754:
872:
1789:
1448:
1213:
704:
694:
1744:
1704:
462:
264:
163:
1295:
1769:
1729:
1724:
1183:
1764:
1734:
1515:
1714:
728:
489:
in 1960 and in 1965, she retired from her full-time position to become a guest lecturer in textile history.
1719:
1699:
506:
120:
108:
1709:
402:
247:, and later at Cecilia Dunbar Kilburn's Dunbar Hay gallery. Collectors of her work included the actors
231:
In 1925, after leaving school before finishing her degree, Marx went to work for the textile designers
498:
1607:
1414:
1237:
970:
1749:
530:
478:
239:
at their studio in
Hampstead. In 1927 she started her own workshop where she designed and produced
845:
Skipwith, Peyton; Webb, Brian (1 January 2003). "Edward Bawden and Eric
Ravilious as Designers".
608:
470:
549:. Items from her textile collection were displayed as part of an exhibition in London in 2020.
486:
482:
112:
1203:
546:
542:
510:
295:
818:
MacCarthy, Fiona (1 January 1998). "Enid Marx RDI: born 20 October 1902, died 18 May 1998".
315:
In 1929 Marx designed her first commercial book cover, for a monograph on the engravings of
158:
Marx first attended South Hampstead High School, after which her parents transferred her to
1669:
1664:
670:, co-authored by Peter Alan, Graham Moss and Cartiere Miliani Fabriano (2000) Incline Press
466:
442:
430:
167:
8:
514:
215:
1488:
1371:
1329:
1277:
1002:
958:
850:
827:
598:
458:
398:
378:" project. During the 1950s and 1960s, Marx produced two posters for London Transport.
359:
240:
191:
513:
in 1944. Marx was one of the designers chosen to exhibit in the Royal Pavilion at the
370:
issue featuring medieval embroidery. During World War II, she was commissioned by The
331:, she began writing and illustrating her own small format children's books, including
1511:
1444:
1394:
1209:
1028:
700:
375:
324:
299:
252:
248:
116:
316:
1436:
1269:
1061:
768:
721:"Artist: Enid Marx β Poster and poster artwork collection, London Transport Museum"
450:
328:
272:
195:
183:
179:
1080:
787:
1188:
623:
525:
During the late 1950s and 1960s, Marx lived with her partner Margaret Lambert in
410:
382:
367:
236:
143:
1583:"A tangled, teasing show: Unbound: Visionary Women Collecting Textiles β review"
393:
From the late 1930s Marx and Lambert began collecting popular ephemera, such as
1065:
772:
502:
461:, until 1936. Marx then considered several teaching positions after the war at
454:
363:
232:
211:
175:
159:
1050:
757:
1658:
951:
Enid Marx: designing textiles for the Utility Furniture Design Advisory Panel
644:
517:
in 1951. London Transport Museum recorded an Oral History with Marx in 1980.
474:
371:
343:
244:
206:
171:
914:
877:
320:
187:
1633:"Designer behind London Underground seat fabric honoured with blue plaque"
545:
in Chichester during 2012 and in London from May to September 2018 at the
1273:
553:
381:
In 1965 she became Head of Department of Dress, Textiles and Ceramics at
374:
to paint 14 watercolours of buildings under threat from bombing for its "
147:
1492:
1375:
1333:
1006:
854:
831:
1281:
526:
394:
276:
82:
Roedean School, Central School of Arts and Crafts, Royal College of Art
405:
and toys. They used their collection as the basis for a book entitled
214:
of low-value stamps. The red stamps in the bottom row are a design by
1608:"Enid Marx | Pattern Designer, Illustrator and Artist | Blue Plaques"
557:
556:
in Marx's honour on her former home and studio at 39 Thornhill Road,
304:
132:
32:
481:
in Kent and between 1955 and 1957 she taught embroidery (design) at
268:
541:
Retrospective exhibitions of Marx's work have taken place at the
119:
Scheme. Marx was the first female engraver to be designated as a
1549:
870:
446:
385:
of Art, where she taught for five years before her retirement.
366:
of penny, halfpenny, and three-halfpenny stamps, and the 1976
350:
in 1979, although it was not published until after her death.
847:
The Journal of the Decorative Arts Society 1850 β the Present
485:. Marx was appointed head of Textiles, Dress and Ceramics at
1048:
Matthew, H. C. G.; Harrison, B., eds. (23 September 2004).
441:
Marx taught a Wednesday design and engraving class at the
186:. and she made a life long friend of the artisan potter
910:"The women who designed the pattern for modern Britain"
578:, co-authored by Margaret Lambert, (1951) B.T. Batsford
166:
for a year before moving to the painting school at the
1468:. Britain in Pictures. London, UK: Collins. p. 7.
529:, Scotland. Lambert was a lecturer in history at the
298:
invited her to become a member of the Board of Trade
1532:"Oral history; interview with Enid Marx, circa 1980"
1139:"Collecting British Stamps: The Wilding Definitives"
1060:(online ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
693:
Fehrman, Cherie; Fehrman, Kenneth (1 October 2009).
993:WEBB, BRIAN (1 January 1992). "Contagious talent".
1510:. London, England: Fitzroy Dearborn. p. 932.
1049:
871:Skye Sherwin & Robert Clark (7 January 2012).
756:
949:Weaver, Cynthia R. (1999). Attfield, Judy (ed.).
873:"Exhibitionist: the week's art shows in pictures"
572:, co-authored by Margaret Lambert, (1946) Collins
1656:
1435:
629:The Butterfly's Ball and the Grasshopper's Feast
429:collection of popular art was put on display at
1047:
533:. Marx died in London on 18 May 1998, aged 95.
358:Marx designed the frame around the portrait of
1740:People educated at Roedean School, East Sussex
1690:Alumni of the Central School of Art and Design
692:
477:. Between 1951 and 1955 Marx taught design at
388:
505:.She was awarded the distinguished status of
469:, before eventually getting hired in 1947 at
223:wrapping paper, stamps, and Christmas cards.
170:(RCA) in 1922. Her classmates there included
1388:
844:
767:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
1557:"Enid Marx: Print, Pattern and Popular Art"
1463:
1123:Eve, Matthew (November 2004). "Full Marx".
552:In April 2022, English Heritage unveiled a
635:Tom Thumb: the Diverting Story of his Life
346:. She finished an engraving series called
150:arts movements of the early 20th century.
31:
1340:
1181:
903:
901:
899:
897:
895:
817:
1574:
1429:
1347:"The Wilding Definitive Collection II",
563:
205:
16:English painter and designer (1902β1998)
1382:
1201:
1177:
1175:
1173:
1171:
1169:
1167:
1165:
1163:
1161:
1159:
1057:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
764:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
342:After the war Marx designed covers for
319:. She created patterned papers for the
210:Top row: one of Marx's designs for the
190:. As a student, Marx was influenced by
1657:
1464:Marx, Enid; Lambert, Margaret (1947).
1319:
1259:
1239:Gallery Guide: Marx-Lambert Collection
1143:collectors-club-of-great-britain.co.uk
1118:
1116:
1114:
1112:
1110:
1027:. London: Lund Humphries. p. 14.
1022:
948:
907:
892:
866:
864:
754:
501:in 1925. She was also a member of the
353:
323:and received further commissions from
258:
1580:
1478:
1255:
1253:
1251:
1249:
1231:
1229:
1227:
1225:
1018:
1016:
641:A Book of Rigmaroles or Jingle Rhymes
401:, paper peepshows, children's books,
1795:Fellows of the Royal Society of Arts
1775:20th-century British textile artists
1505:
1364:Journal of the Royal Society of Arts
1156:
992:
988:
986:
984:
982:
980:
944:
942:
940:
938:
936:
934:
932:
813:
811:
809:
807:
805:
803:
801:
799:
797:
750:
748:
746:
696:Interior Design Innovators 1910β1960
688:
686:
684:
570:English Popular and Traditional Arts
1466:English Popular and Traditional Art
1441:20th Century Painters and Sculptors
1202:Jackson, Lesley (8 February 2007).
1122:
1107:
1025:Enid Marx: The Pleasures of Pattern
861:
614:Nelson, the Kite of the King's Navy
588:
415:English Popular and Traditional Art
13:
1780:20th-century women textile artists
1695:Alumni of the Royal College of Art
1680:20th-century English women artists
1246:
1235:
1222:
1013:
14:
1806:
1581:Judah, Hettie (31 January 2020).
1208:. Princeton Architectural Press.
977:
929:
794:
743:
681:
497:Enid Marx became a member of the
463:Central School of Arts and Crafts
226:
164:Central School of Arts and Crafts
98:Royal Designer for Industry, 1944
1685:20th-century English LGBT people
1205:Twentieth-Century Pattern Design
520:
413:in 1937. In 1947 they published
294:In 1943, the furniture designer
265:London Passenger Transport Board
263:In 1937 she was selected by the
1760:British women graphic designers
1625:
1600:
1524:
1499:
1472:
1457:
1407:
1362:"R. D. I.s AND THE NEW REIGN".
1355:
1313:
1296:"Enid Marx: pioneer of pattern"
1288:
1195:
1131:
1087:
1041:
908:Thorpe, Vanessa (27 May 2018).
953:. Manchester University Press.
838:
713:
637:(1944β1946) Transatlantic Arts
631:(1944β1945) Transatlantic Arts
310:
1:
1675:20th-century English painters
674:
126:
1443:. Antique Collectors' Club.
1081:UK public library membership
788:UK public library membership
582:An ABC of Birds & Beasts
407:When Victoria Began to Reign
153:
7:
1785:20th-century women painters
1393:. london transport museum.
1370:(4887): 3. 1 January 1952.
584:(1985) Clover Hill Editions
507:Royal Designer for Industry
436:
403:Staffordshire dog figurines
389:Popular and traditional art
121:Royal Designer for Industry
10:
1811:
616:(1942) Chatto & Windus
605:Bulgy, the Barrage Balloon
492:
1755:British graphic designers
1415:"Marx-Lambert collection"
1262:Journal of Design History
1182:Fay Sweet (19 May 1998),
1096:Enid Marx RDI (1902β1998)
536:
499:Society of Wood Engravers
333:Bulgy the Barrage Balloon
201:
105:Enid Crystal Dorothy Marx
94:
86:
78:
62:
44:Enid Crystal Dorothy Marx
39:
30:
23:
1790:Member of Red Rose Guild
1508:Dictionary women artists
652:(1945) Faber & Faber
531:University of St Andrews
479:Maidstone College of Art
1745:British textile artists
1705:British stamp designers
1536:London Transport Museum
1322:The Burlington Magazine
1300:London Transport Museum
668:Marco's Animal Alphabet
609:Oxford University Press
471:Gravesend School of Art
348:Marco's Animal Alphabet
1770:20th-century engravers
1730:English wood engravers
1725:English women painters
1125:The World of Interiors
1099:, VADS, archived from
1066:10.1093/ref:odnb/75164
773:10.1093/ref:odnb/67251
662:Who Killed Cock Robin?
487:Croydon College of Art
483:Bromley College of Art
219:
113:London Transport Board
1765:Women stamp designers
1735:English LGBT painters
1561:House of Illustration
1389:David Bownes (2018).
1184:"Obituary: Enid Marx"
1023:Powers, Alan (2018).
755:Powers, Alan (2004).
650:The Little White Bear
564:Selected publications
560:, Islington, London.
547:House of Illustration
543:Pallant House Gallery
511:Royal Society of Arts
421:series), and in 1951
209:
1715:English illustrators
1506:Gaze, Delia (1997).
664:(1996) Incline Press
443:Ruskin School of Art
431:Compton Verney House
168:Royal College of Art
1720:English printmakers
1700:Artists from London
599:Chatto & Windus
576:English Popular Art
515:Festival of Britain
423:English Popular Art
419:Britain in Pictures
354:Other selected work
259:Industrial textiles
216:Michael Farrar-Bell
1274:10.1093/jdh/2.1.35
1236:Sexton, Penelope.
449:, with colleagues
360:Queen Elizabeth II
220:
1710:English designers
1400:978-1-871829-28-0
1328:(1275): 433β440.
1242:. Compton Verney.
1103:on 4 January 2011
1079:(Subscription or
1034:978-1-84822-252-6
826:(5485): 134β135.
786:(Subscription or
731:on 9 January 2016
725:ltmcollection.org
699:. Fehrman Books.
624:Faber & Faber
376:Recording Britain
325:Chatto and Windus
300:Utility furniture
253:Gertrude Lawrence
249:Gerald du Maurier
146:, witnessing the
117:Utility furniture
102:
101:
1802:
1649:
1648:
1646:
1644:
1629:
1623:
1622:
1620:
1618:
1612:English Heritage
1604:
1598:
1597:
1595:
1593:
1578:
1572:
1571:
1569:
1567:
1553:
1547:
1546:
1544:
1542:
1528:
1522:
1521:
1503:
1497:
1496:
1476:
1470:
1469:
1461:
1455:
1454:
1437:Frances Spalding
1433:
1427:
1426:
1424:
1422:
1417:. Compton Verney
1411:
1405:
1404:
1386:
1380:
1379:
1359:
1353:
1352:
1344:
1338:
1337:
1317:
1311:
1310:
1308:
1306:
1292:
1286:
1285:
1257:
1244:
1243:
1233:
1220:
1219:
1199:
1193:
1192:
1179:
1154:
1153:
1151:
1149:
1135:
1129:
1128:
1120:
1105:
1104:
1091:
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1076:
1074:
1072:
1053:
1045:
1039:
1038:
1020:
1011:
1010:
990:
975:
974:
968:
964:
962:
954:
946:
927:
926:
924:
922:
905:
890:
889:
887:
885:
868:
859:
858:
842:
836:
835:
815:
792:
791:
783:
781:
779:
760:
752:
741:
740:
738:
736:
727:. Archived from
717:
711:
710:
690:
589:Children's books
451:Barnett Freedman
417:(in the Collins
329:Second World War
273:Christian Barman
196:Charles Ricketts
184:Barnett Freedman
180:Barbara Hepworth
69:
53:
51:
35:
21:
20:
1810:
1809:
1805:
1804:
1803:
1801:
1800:
1799:
1750:Women engravers
1655:
1654:
1653:
1652:
1642:
1640:
1637:The Independent
1631:
1630:
1626:
1616:
1614:
1606:
1605:
1601:
1591:
1589:
1579:
1575:
1565:
1563:
1555:
1554:
1550:
1540:
1538:
1530:
1529:
1525:
1518:
1504:
1500:
1487:(5446): 64β65.
1477:
1473:
1462:
1458:
1451:
1434:
1430:
1420:
1418:
1413:
1412:
1408:
1401:
1387:
1383:
1361:
1360:
1356:
1346:
1345:
1341:
1318:
1314:
1304:
1302:
1294:
1293:
1289:
1258:
1247:
1234:
1223:
1216:
1200:
1196:
1189:The Independent
1180:
1157:
1147:
1145:
1137:
1136:
1132:
1121:
1108:
1093:
1092:
1088:
1078:
1070:
1068:
1046:
1042:
1035:
1021:
1014:
1001:(5435): 60β62.
991:
978:
966:
965:
956:
955:
947:
930:
920:
918:
906:
893:
883:
881:
869:
862:
843:
839:
816:
795:
785:
777:
775:
753:
744:
734:
732:
719:
718:
714:
707:
691:
682:
677:
591:
566:
539:
523:
509:by the British
495:
439:
425:was published.
411:Faber and Faber
409:, published by
391:
383:Croydon College
368:Christmas stamp
362:on the British
356:
313:
261:
237:Dorothy Larcher
229:
204:
156:
144:First World War
129:
74:
73:London, England
71:
67:
58:
57:London, England
55:
54:20 October 1902
49:
47:
46:
45:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1808:
1798:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1651:
1650:
1639:. 5 April 2022
1624:
1599:
1573:
1548:
1523:
1516:
1498:
1471:
1456:
1449:
1428:
1406:
1399:
1381:
1354:
1339:
1312:
1287:
1245:
1221:
1214:
1194:
1155:
1130:
1106:
1086:
1051:"Norah Braden"
1040:
1033:
1012:
976:
928:
891:
860:
837:
793:
742:
712:
705:
679:
678:
676:
673:
672:
671:
665:
659:
658:(1947) Wingate
653:
647:
638:
632:
626:
620:The Pigeon Ace
617:
611:
602:
595:Nursery Rhymes
590:
587:
586:
585:
579:
573:
565:
562:
538:
535:
522:
519:
503:Red Rose Guild
494:
491:
455:Eric Ravilious
438:
435:
390:
387:
364:Wilding series
355:
352:
337:The Pigeon Ace
317:Albrecht DΓΌrer
312:
309:
296:Gordon Russell
267:to design the
260:
257:
233:Phyllis Barron
228:
227:Textile design
225:
212:Wilding series
203:
200:
176:Eric Ravilious
160:Roedean School
155:
152:
128:
125:
100:
99:
96:
92:
91:
90:Graphic design
88:
87:Known for
84:
83:
80:
76:
75:
72:
70:(aged 95)
64:
60:
59:
56:
43:
41:
37:
36:
28:
27:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1807:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1758:
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758:"Enid Marx"
554:blue plaque
335:(1941) and
311:Book design
148:avant-garde
66:18 May 1998
1659:Categories
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1083:required.)
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154:Education
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