1072:
824:
On 26 November 2015, the
Minister of Education and Culture issue a ministerial regulation about spelling system. For the first time, the term "Indonesian spelling system" was used. There were only minor changes compared to previous updates including the addition of a new
1259:
Keputusan Kepala Badan
Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa Kementerian Pendidikan, Kebudayaan, Riset, dan Teknologi Republik Indonesia Nomor 0424/I/BS.00.01/2022 Tentang Ejaan Bahasa Indonesia Yang Disempurnakan
1073:
Surat
Keputusan Menteri Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan RI Nomor: 0196/U/1975 tentang Peresmian Berlakunya "Pedoman Umum Ejaan Bahasa Indonesia yang Disempurnakan" dan "Pedoman Umum Pembentukan Istilah" di Seluruh
1159:
864:
On 16 August 2022, in time for the spelling system's fiftieth anniversary, new update for the spelling system was issued. It restored the term "Perfected
Spelling of the Indonesian Language" (
798:
On 9 September 1987, the
Minister of Education and Culture issued a ministerial decree which updated the previous spelling system and which remained valid for 22 years.
1076:[General Guidelines for the Enhanced Indonesian Spelling System] (Ministerial Decree 0196/U/1975) (in Indonesian). Minister of Education and Culture. 1975.
112:
issued a decree which provided a detailed explanation of the changes in the new system and marked the official use of the EYD system. It was formerly known as the
17:
1183:
1238:
570:
75:
559:
109:
667:
number "2" as used in the
Republican Spelling is no longer valid. The practice remains common in informal usage such as in text messaging.
723:
Exceptions mostly come from proper nouns. Many personal names, particularly of younger people, do not follow the orthographic rules (see
440:
Letters that had previously been included in the
Republican Spelling as foreign loan letters are officially used in the EYD Spelling.
1262:
108:
on the previous day. Government departments were instructed to begin using the EYD system on 1 January 1973. On 27 August 1975, the
1207:
104:. The new EYD system, adopted on the 27th anniversary of Indonesia's independence on 17 August 1972, was decreed by President
1221:
801:
On 31 July 2009, the
Minister of National Education issued a decree outlining further changes. The update included optional
1306:
1258:
983:
877:
350:
172:
836:
808:
1035:
844:
976:
Papers from the
Conference on the Standardisation of Asian Languages, Manila, Philippines, 16-21 December 1974
1208:
Kepmendikbud RI No. 0543a/u/1987 Tentang
Penyempurnaan Pedoman Umum Ejaan Bahasa Indonesia yang Disempurnakan
1052:
Keputusan Presiden No. 57 Tahun 1972 tentang Peresmian Berlakunya "Ejaan Bahasa Indonesia yang Disempurnakan"
926:
739:
575:
214:
1051:
1296:
742:) and other eccentric letters. However, a few may also come from other parts of speech, such as Indonesian
564:
1160:"Viral Daftar Absensi dengan Nama Sulit Dieja, Begini Cara Membuat Nama Anak yang Mudah dan Baik Artinya"
921:
256:
81:
895:
875:
850:
842:
834:
814:
806:
392:
390:
348:
298:
254:
212:
170:
80:
The Perfected Spelling system is a system of orthography released in 1972 to replace the preexisting
1301:
558:
This letter is also used in some placenames in Indonesia, derived from the local languages, e.g.
1058:
870:). Like the previous update, it also introduced minor changes: among others, it introduced the
663:, mostly used in plural form of words, has to be fully written with letters, so the use of the
1222:
Permendiknas No. 46 Tahun 2009 Tentang Pedoman Umum Ejaan Bahasa Indonesia yang Disempurnakan
903:
644:(at home, to the market). This is different from the former Republican Spelling, where both
1210:(Ministerial Decree 0543a/U/1987) (in Indonesian). Minister of Education and Culture. 1987.
300:
31:
8:
97:
41:
887:
858:
581:
1031:
979:
969:"Spelling Reform 1972: A Stage in the Process of Standardisation of Bahasa Indonesia"
916:
897:
883:
852:
816:
735:
100:
system), the aim of the change in 1972 was to introduce greater harmonization of the
724:
1244:(Ministerial Decree 50) (in Indonesian). Minister of Education and Culture. 2015.
1134:
1109:
829:
of ⟨ei⟩ (previously there were only 3 diphthongs, ⟨ai⟩, ⟨au⟩ and ⟨oi⟩), optional
585:
968:
778:
772:
756:
750:
101:
45:
1227:(Ministerial Decree 46) (in Indonesian). Minister of National Education. 2009.
947:"Indonesia Inaugurated New Spelling Enhanced In History Today August 16, 1972"
1290:
1184:"Tren Terkini: Nama Anak Indonesia Cenderung Panjang, Unik, dan Susah Dieja?"
766:
744:
728:
660:
1239:
Permendikbud Nomor 50 Tahun 2015 Tentang Pedoman Umum Ejaan Bahasa Indonesia
857:, and new rules on the usage of bold letters (abolition of bold letters for
871:
664:
891:
830:
826:
802:
538:
The letter Q is also used as needed for Islamic subjects. Examples:
93:
636:
are written separately with the words that follow it, for example
1280:
1002:
946:
105:
620:
are written together with the words that follow it, for example
1261:(Language Center Decree 0424/I/BS.00.01/2022) (in Indonesian).
1028:
The Indonesian Language: Its History and Role in Modern Society
524:
The letters Q and X are used in scientific subjects. Examples:
727:). The common spelling variations include doubled letters,
92:). A joint initiative of Indonesia and neighboring country
148:
40:refers to the official spelling system used in the
1096:Cermat Berbahasa Indonesia: Untuk Perguruan Tinggi
652:are written together with the words following it.
794:Various minor changes were announced after 1975:
1288:
865:
131:
117:
49:
27:Spelling system used for the Indonesian language
76:Indonesian-Malaysian orthography reform of 1972
1281:Official website for the fifth edition of EYD
128:Indonesian Spelling System General Guidelines
1094:Tasai, S Amran and E. Zaenal Arifin (2000).
966:
88:, also called the Soewandi Spelling System,
1253:
1251:
591:
102:Indonesian and Malay-language orthographies
1057:(Presidential Decree 57) (in Indonesian).
30:"EYD" redirects here. For other uses, see
1263:Language Development and Fostering Agency
867:Ejaan Bahasa Indonesia yang Disempurnakan
51:Ejaan Bahasa Indonesia yang Disempurnakan
1248:
1200:
1089:
1087:
1085:
1083:
1025:
435:
14:
1289:
997:
995:
748:'gastritis' is actually pronounced as
1093:
1080:
777:
771:
755:
749:
604:(affixes) can be distinguished from
992:
133:Pedoman Umum Ejaan Bahasa Indonesia
96:(which also introduced the similar
24:
18:Enhanced Indonesian Spelling System
890:, reaffirming the use of optional
143:
25:
1318:
1273:
1110:"2. QS. Al-Baqarah (Sapi Betina)"
110:Minister of Education and Culture
978:. Pacific Linguistics: 305–317.
967:Kridalaksana, Harimukti (1974).
949:. Voice of Indonesia. 2021-08-16
882:, mostly used in loanwords from
655:
149:Republican-to-EYD letter changes
1231:
1214:
1176:
1152:
1127:
1102:
1065:
1044:
1019:
960:
939:
54:(EYD), commonly translated as
44:. The current system uses the
13:
1:
1164:kabartegal.pikiran-rakyat.com
1135:"25. QS. Al-Furqan (Pembeda)"
932:
927:Van Ophuijsen Spelling System
718:
126:), often referred to as the
7:
1030:. UNSW Press. p. 128.
910:
861:entries in its dictionary).
10:
1323:
1307:Latin-script orthographies
1026:Sneddon, James N. (2003).
922:Republican Spelling System
789:
519:
140:), between 2015 and 2022.
114:Indonesian Spelling System
82:Republican Spelling System
73:
69:
29:
902:, and limited the use of
592:Affixes and prepositions
628:(taken, desire), while
1059:President of Indonesia
866:
765:
760:, deriving from Dutch
743:
740:Van Ophuijsen spelling
734:following consonants,
612:(prepositions), where
132:
119:Ejaan Bahasa Indonesia
118:
50:
38:Indonesian orthography
1007:ejaan.kemdikbud.go.id
736:use of Dutch digraphs
493:currency, university
906:to singular numbers.
513:engineer, delicious
436:Foreign loan letters
32:EYD (disambiguation)
1297:Indonesian language
473:(I am) sorry, poor
98:Joint Rumi Spelling
42:Indonesian language
738:(which stems from
582:West Kutai Regency
293:chicken, umbrella
60:Perfected Spelling
917:New Rumi Spelling
716:
715:
517:
516:
433:
432:
64:Improved Spelling
56:Enhanced Spelling
16:(Redirected from
1314:
1283:
1267:
1266:
1255:
1246:
1245:
1243:
1235:
1229:
1228:
1226:
1218:
1212:
1211:
1204:
1198:
1197:
1195:
1194:
1180:
1174:
1173:
1171:
1170:
1156:
1150:
1149:
1147:
1145:
1131:
1125:
1124:
1122:
1120:
1106:
1100:
1099:
1091:
1078:
1077:
1069:
1063:
1062:
1056:
1048:
1042:
1041:
1023:
1017:
1016:
1014:
1013:
999:
990:
989:
973:
964:
958:
957:
955:
954:
943:
901:
881:
869:
856:
848:
840:
820:
812:
782:also from Dutch
781:
775:
759:
753:
725:Indonesian names
709:kebarat-baratan
679:English meaning
670:
669:
579:
568:
452:English meaning
443:
442:
396:
354:
304:
260:
218:
176:
165:English meaning
153:
152:
135:
121:
53:
21:
1322:
1321:
1317:
1316:
1315:
1313:
1312:
1311:
1302:Spelling reform
1287:
1286:
1279:
1276:
1271:
1270:
1257:
1256:
1249:
1241:
1237:
1236:
1232:
1224:
1220:
1219:
1215:
1206:
1205:
1201:
1192:
1190:
1182:
1181:
1177:
1168:
1166:
1158:
1157:
1153:
1143:
1141:
1133:
1132:
1128:
1118:
1116:
1108:
1107:
1103:
1092:
1081:
1071:
1070:
1066:
1054:
1050:
1049:
1045:
1038:
1024:
1020:
1011:
1009:
1001:
1000:
993:
986:
971:
965:
961:
952:
950:
945:
944:
940:
935:
913:
833:for ⟨e⟩ as ⟨é⟩
805:for ⟨e⟩ as ⟨é⟩
792:
721:
701:playing around
658:
596:The writing of
594:
586:East Kalimantan
573:
562:
522:
438:
249:sell, spelling
151:
146:
144:Characteristics
78:
72:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1320:
1310:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1285:
1284:
1275:
1274:External links
1272:
1269:
1268:
1247:
1230:
1213:
1199:
1175:
1151:
1126:
1101:
1079:
1064:
1043:
1036:
1018:
991:
984:
959:
937:
936:
934:
931:
930:
929:
924:
919:
912:
909:
908:
907:
862:
822:
799:
791:
788:
770:pronounced as
720:
717:
714:
713:
710:
707:
703:
702:
699:
696:
692:
691:
688:
685:
681:
680:
677:
674:
657:
654:
593:
590:
556:
555:
550:
545:
536:
535:
521:
518:
515:
514:
511:
501:
495:
494:
491:
481:
475:
474:
471:
460:
454:
453:
450:
447:
437:
434:
431:
430:
427:
416:
405:
387:
386:
383:
373:
363:
345:
344:
341:
327:
313:
295:
294:
291:
280:
269:
251:
250:
247:
237:
227:
209:
208:
205:
195:
185:
167:
166:
163:
160:
157:
150:
147:
145:
142:
74:Main article:
71:
68:
48:and is called
46:Latin alphabet
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1319:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1294:
1292:
1282:
1278:
1277:
1264:
1260:
1254:
1252:
1240:
1234:
1223:
1217:
1209:
1203:
1189:
1185:
1179:
1165:
1161:
1155:
1140:
1136:
1130:
1115:
1111:
1105:
1097:
1090:
1088:
1086:
1084:
1075:
1068:
1060:
1053:
1047:
1039:
1033:
1029:
1022:
1008:
1004:
998:
996:
987:
985:9780858831766
981:
977:
970:
963:
948:
942:
938:
928:
925:
923:
920:
918:
915:
914:
905:
899:
893:
889:
885:
879:
873:
868:
863:
860:
854:
846:
838:
832:
828:
823:
818:
810:
804:
800:
797:
796:
795:
787:
785:
780:
779:[bɪs]
774:
773:[bəs]
769:
768:
763:
758:
757:[mah]
752:
751:[max]
747:
746:
741:
737:
733:
730:
726:
711:
708:
705:
704:
700:
698:bermain-main
697:
694:
693:
689:
686:
683:
682:
678:
675:
672:
671:
668:
666:
665:superscripted
662:
661:Reduplication
656:Reduplication
653:
651:
647:
643:
639:
635:
631:
627:
623:
619:
615:
611:
607:
603:
599:
589:
587:
583:
580:districts in
577:
572:
571:Sekolaq Darat
566:
561:
554:
551:
549:
546:
544:
541:
540:
539:
533:
532:
527:
526:
525:
512:
509:
505:
502:
500:
497:
496:
492:
489:
485:
482:
480:
477:
476:
472:
469:
465:
461:
459:
456:
455:
451:
448:
445:
444:
441:
428:
425:
421:
417:
414:
410:
406:
404:
400:
394:
389:
388:
385:poem, people
384:
381:
377:
374:
371:
367:
364:
362:
358:
352:
347:
346:
342:
339:
335:
331:
328:
325:
321:
317:
314:
312:
308:
302:
297:
296:
292:
289:
285:
281:
278:
274:
270:
268:
264:
258:
253:
252:
248:
245:
241:
238:
235:
231:
228:
226:
222:
216:
211:
210:
206:
203:
199:
196:
193:
189:
186:
184:
180:
174:
169:
168:
164:
161:
158:
155:
154:
141:
139:
134:
129:
125:
120:
115:
111:
107:
103:
99:
95:
91:
87:
83:
77:
67:
65:
61:
57:
52:
47:
43:
39:
33:
19:
1233:
1216:
1202:
1191:. Retrieved
1188:nova.grid.id
1187:
1178:
1167:. Retrieved
1163:
1154:
1144:22 September
1142:. Retrieved
1138:
1129:
1119:22 September
1117:. Retrieved
1113:
1104:
1095:
1067:
1046:
1027:
1021:
1010:. Retrieved
1006:
975:
962:
951:. Retrieved
941:
904:number words
793:
783:
761:
731:
722:
712:westernized
706:ke-barat-an
659:
649:
645:
641:
637:
633:
629:
625:
621:
617:
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
595:
560:Siluq Ngurai
557:
552:
547:
542:
537:
530:
528:
523:
507:
503:
498:
487:
483:
478:
467:
463:
457:
439:
423:
419:
412:
408:
402:
398:
379:
375:
369:
365:
360:
356:
343:madam, many
337:
333:
329:
323:
319:
315:
310:
306:
287:
283:
276:
272:
266:
262:
243:
239:
233:
229:
224:
220:
201:
197:
191:
187:
182:
178:
137:
127:
123:
113:
89:
85:
79:
63:
59:
55:
37:
36:
872:monophthong
673:Republican
574: [
563: [
207:only, bean
159:Republican
1291:Categories
1193:2023-12-29
1169:2023-12-29
1037:0868405981
1012:2022-08-22
953:2023-07-30
933:References
892:diacritics
849:, and ⟨ê⟩
831:diacritics
803:diacritics
719:Exceptions
687:anak-anak
553:Al-Baqarah
486:aluta, uni
1139:Sindonews
1114:Sindonews
1074:Indonesia
888:Sundanese
827:diphthong
695:ber-main
690:children
548:Al-Furqan
429:era, end
911:See also
884:Acehnese
813:and ⟨e⟩
754:or even
642:ke pasar
638:di rumah
626:kehendak
490:ersitas
449:Example
446:Letters
401:becomes
359:becomes
309:becomes
265:becomes
223:becomes
181:becomes
156:Changes
94:Malaysia
1265:. 2022.
1061:. 1972.
1003:"EYD V"
790:Changes
622:diambil
534:(X-ray)
520:Q and X
506:eni, le
382:arakat
378:air, ma
372:arakat
368:air, ma
200:uma, ka
190:uma, ka
106:Suharto
70:History
1034:
982:
841:, ⟨è⟩
764:; and
729:silent
529:Sinar-
286:am, pa
275:am, pa
242:ual, e
232:ual, e
1242:(PDF)
1225:(PDF)
1055:(PDF)
972:(PDF)
900:]
896:[
880:]
876:[
874:⟨eu⟩
859:lemma
855:]
851:[
847:]
843:[
839:]
835:[
819:]
815:[
811:]
807:[
684:anak
578:]
567:]
543:Quran
470:akir
336:a, ba
322:a, ba
138:PUEBI
1146:2021
1121:2021
1032:ISBN
980:ISBN
894:⟨ê⟩
886:and
762:maag
676:EYD
648:and
632:and
616:and
608:and
600:and
569:and
418:tari
407:tari
290:ung
279:ung
246:aan
236:aan
204:ang
194:ang
162:EYD
784:bus
776:or
767:bus
745:mag
646:di-
618:ke-
614:di-
602:ke-
598:di-
510:at
462:maa
426:ir
422:, a
415:ir
411:, a
340:ak
326:ak
124:EBI
90:SSS
86:RSS
62:or
1293::
1250:^
1186:.
1162:.
1137:.
1112:.
1082:^
1005:.
994:^
974:.
786:.
650:di
640:,
634:ke
630:di
624:,
610:ke
606:di
588:.
584:,
576:id
565:id
466:,
424:kh
420:kh
413:ch
409:ch
403:kh
399:ch
397::
380:sy
376:sy
370:sj
366:sj
361:sy
357:sj
355::
338:ny
334:ny
330:ny
324:nj
320:nj
316:nj
311:ny
307:nj
305::
261::
234:dj
230:dj
221:dj
219::
215:dʒ
192:tj
188:tj
179:tj
177::
173:tʃ
136:,
122:,
66:.
58:,
1196:.
1172:.
1148:.
1123:.
1098:.
1040:.
1015:.
988:.
956:.
898:ə
878:ɘ
853:ə
845:ɛ
837:e
821:.
817:ə
809:e
732:h
531:X
508:z
504:z
499:z
488:v
484:v
479:v
468:f
464:f
458:f
395:/
393:x
391:/
353:/
351:ʃ
349:/
332:o
318:o
303:/
301:ɲ
299:/
288:y
284:y
282:a
277:j
273:j
271:a
267:y
263:j
259:/
257:j
255:/
244:j
240:j
225:j
217:/
213:/
202:c
198:c
183:c
175:/
171:/
130:(
116:(
84:(
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.