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fundamentally flawed. Furthermore, students are seldom able to put newly learned
English words into use. This problem arises because Mandarin is the official and dominant language in China, while English often has little use in the country. This problem is further reinforced through the national Band 4 examination, where 80% of the test is the writing component and 20% of the test is listening, while an additional speaking component is only required for English major students. However,
43:
ranks the nation at 47th out of the 88 countries measured, with an overall score of 'Low proficiency.' It suggested that internet users in cities and provinces like
Shanghai, Beijing, Tianjin, and Jiangsu had a generally decent command of the language while those in other cities were limited to basic
68:
rules become more focused on memorization. However, creative skills such as writing are still an important part of
English education in China. The methods, which focus on testing students' memorization of grammar rules and vocabulary, have been criticized by Western educationalists and linguists as
207:
is a major industry, producing 11.04% of the GDP and contributing direct and indirect employment of up to 28.25 million people. Nonetheless, not many employees in the hospitality sector speak
English. One source indicates that it's more common in premium-grade hotels "while less expensive hotels
63:
lesson in third grade in primary school. Despite the fact that it is common to learn
English at an early age, some have criticized the pedagogy for being geared towards only the skills being tested. Therefore, skills such as learning
137:
Once China established the open door policy under Deng
Xiaoping, the popularity of English and other languages began to thrive. English became very popular between the late 1970s to 1990s in areas that dealt with trading and tourism
959:
35:
and China established strong diplomatic ties. One estimate (in 2007) of the number of
English speakers in China is over 200 million and rising, with 50 million secondary school children now studying the language.
89:, several books to teach English to local residence were published. Between 1911 and 1949, English was taught in missionary schools and thirteen Christian colleges. After the founding of the
1011:
275:
In 2021 the
Chinese authorities banned the use of foreign-based teachers for online tutoring, forcing VIPkid to end its foreign-based tutoring service for Chinese students.
1147:
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China's first contact with the
English language occurred between Chinese and English traders, and the first missionary schools to teach English were established in
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527:
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768:
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and DaDa were founded in 2013 and have continued to grow since then. VIPKid had more than 500,000 students in China and 63 other countries and 60,000
177:(CET) is the primary English language test in China. As of 2011, employers have made scores in the CET 4 and CET 6 requirements for employment, and
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stated that in China "CET 4 and CET 6 National
English examinations have become the symbol of English proficiency in reading and writing."
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was originally the primary foreign language. English began to transition into the education system during the 1960s as a result of the
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has started requiring all students to take the English speaking exam for the National College Entrance Examination as of 2010.
332:
Teaching Writing to English Majors at the Tertiary Level in China─Reflections on Material Development and Teaching Methodology
365:
809:
59:, many students start learning English in kindergarten before they start school. Most schoolchildren are taught their first
1661:
1007:"'The foreign teacher is an idiot': Symbolic interactionism, and assumptions about language and language teaching in China"
473:
447:
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teachers, while Dada had more than 100,000 students and 10,000 teachers. Their competitors have grown too: companies like
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might have few or no staff members who speak English". Bilingual guide services are readily available, however.
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Around 10 million people - in a total population of 1.3 billion - speak English. That's fewer than one in 100.
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also suggests that less than 1 percent of people in China (some 10 million) speak English conversationally.
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40:
552:
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864:
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232:, are recruiting teachers from the U.S. and other English-speaking countries. Leading players such as
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and seen their shares soar. Now, online start-ups are gaining ground with parents who grew up in the
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era and see advantages in digital learning. Beijing-based VIPKid has expanded to 200,000
237:
102:
46:
24:
1006:
987:
A Critical Ethnography of ‘Westerners’ Teaching English in China: Shanghaied in Shanghai
109:
visited China in 1972. The only textbooks for English instructions were translations of
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English language teaching in China: new approaches, perspectives and standards
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are also connecting teachers to Chinese children working on learning English.
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539:
423:
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wrote that there was a trend countering English language education in China.
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32:
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352:"Editorial Note" (PDF page 9/30): Qiang, Niu and Martin Wolff (editors).
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1024:
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in the 1630s. From late 1840s, English was popular, and widely used in
676:
649:"'Reversing Gears': China Increasingly Rejects English, and the World"
120:
In 1978 about 500,000 people in China were subscribed to the magazine
1122:
1031:
990:
824:"VIPKid to stop selling foreign-based tutoring to students in China"
474:"Mapped: Where to go if you can't be bothered to learn the language"
1299:
1211:
528:"Overcoming Hurdles to Chinese Students' Learning of English Lexis"
503:"Children make early start at learning English - Chinadaily.com.cn"
249:
245:
86:
810:"The internet boom in foreigners teaching China's children online"
349:). Macao and Ürümqi, July 8 – 14 2007 中國澳門及烏魯木齊 2007 年7 月8 日至14 日.
252:
and just raised venture money at a valuation of more than US$ 1.5
827:
790:"Teaching After Hours: The Rise Of International Online Teaching"
253:
101:. Because of the condemnation of the English language during the
65:
1335:
1102:
968:
Perspectives on Teaching and Learning English Literacy in China
794:
257:
150:
114:
113:'s works until the Cultural Revolution ended in 1976, and the
1365:
880:
China and English: Globalisation and the Dilemmas of Identity
221:
82:
519:
878:
Bianco, Joseph Lo, Jane Horton, and Gao Yihong (editors).
861:
China's English: A History of English in Chinese Education
666:- Print title: "Turning Its Back on English and the Globe"
448:"China's massive internet has more than 800 million users"
1542:
1148:
Challenge Cup Competition of Science Achievement in China
125:
960:
The International Journal - Language Society and Culture
525:
241:
399:"Changing English: Studies in Culture & Education"
951:
Teaching English in China: Conflicts and Expectations
901:(Volume 80 of Bilingual education and bilingualism).
134:
had about 10 million households in China as viewers.
16:
Revolution of education of English language in China
989:(Routledge Critical Studies in Asian Education).
341:English Discourse and Intercultural Communication
256:. The virtual teaching business is booming. Both
1653:
532:Changing English: Studies in Reading and Culture
403:Changing English: Studies in Reading and Culture
1491:International Alliance of Research Universities
1476:Association of East Asian Research Universities
899:English Language Education Across Greater China
966:Ruan, Jiening and Cynthia B. Leung (editors).
39:However, online test score data from the 2018
1047:
784:
782:
744:
297:- A former chain of English education centers
234:New Oriental Education & Technology Group
1553:Language Proficiency Assessment for Teachers
769:"Online education gaining momentum in China"
1642:Types of universities and colleges in China
228:education. Many Chinese companies, such as
211:
1054:
1040:
882:(Critical language and literacy studies).
779:
1386:Self-Taught Higher Education Examinations
1260:National Education Examinations Authority
642:
640:
526:Qing Ma and Peter Kelly (December 2009),
105:, English education did not return until
1118:Burning of books and burying of scholars
928:Continuum International Publishing Group
710:"2017 China Tourism Facts & Figures"
195:
1481:Association of Pacific Rim Universities
1460:Schools of Journalism and Communication
1004:
354:The Lowdown on China's Higher Education
191:
179:The Lowdown on China's Higher Education
1654:
1061:
970:(Volume 3 of Multilingual Education).
637:
392:
390:
285:Teaching English as a foreign language
1035:
863:(Volume 1 of Asian Englishes Today).
471:
303:- English medium schools in Hong Kong
646:
387:
376:) (Including Chapters One and Two).
13:
1191:Chinese Academy of Social Sciences
1012:Linguistics and the Human Sciences
853:
396:
14:
1678:
1634:Rankings of universities in China
1588:List of universities and colleges
578:"三百多年前的人们是怎么学外语的？(下）当广东英语遇上洋泾浜英语"
472:Smith, Oliver (9 February 2017).
23:only emerged after 1979 when the
330:College of Foreign Languages). "
44:vocabulary. A 2017 article from
1638:Science and technology in China
1227:Double First-Class Construction
1108:Academies of Classical Learning
816:
802:
761:
745:Andrew Russel (8 August 2016).
738:
728:"China Inbound Tourism in 2016"
720:
702:
693:
669:
628:
619:
500:
1548:Common Recruitment Examination
1501:Worldwide Universities Network
1196:Chinese Academy of Engineering
947:University of Nevada Las Vegas
595:
570:
545:
494:
465:
440:
416:
323:
224:, including online one on one
155:
1:
1563:Quanguo Waiyu Shuiping Kaoshi
1168:Education inequality in China
846:Some content originates from
358:Cambridge Scholars Publishing
312:
220:has been gaining momentum in
200:Grand Canal tour boat, Suzhou
747:"Language and Communication"
141:In 2021 journalist Li Yuan (
41:EF English Proficiency Index
7:
1662:Language education in China
1186:Chinese Academy of Sciences
278:
10:
1683:
1667:English-language education
1631:
1568:Public English Test System
1538:Putonghua Proficiency Test
1295:Private and public schools
1133:Hundred Schools of Thought
865:Hong Kong University Press
553:"《南腔北调：在语言中重新发现中国》趣说语言的历史"
186:Public English Test System
168:
91:People's Republic of China
76:
21:English education in China
1629:
1578:
1525:
1509:
1468:
1432:
1414:National Library of China
1394:
1356:Academic grading in China
1351:National Key Universities
1326:
1308:
1270:
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1204:
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1078:
1069:
295:Web International English
146:
53:According to a report on
27:ended, China adopted the
1543:Zhíyè Hànyŭ Nénglì Cèshì
1455:Foreign-language schools
1409:Book collecting in China
1341:National Key Disciplines
1005:Stanley, Phiona (2008).
603:"English in China today"
559:(in Chinese). 2019-03-19
397:Qu, Bo (December 2007),
380:
290:English-medium education
240:have gone public in the
212:Online English Education
1381:Academic ranks in China
1143:Digital divide in China
647:Yuan, Li (2021-09-09).
345:(第一屆英語教學、話語及跨文化交流國際研討會
1361:State Key Laboratories
897:Feng, Anwei (editor).
201:
117:was restored in 1978.
1533:Hanyu Shuiping Kaoshi
1255:Ministry of Education
1237:Thousand Talents Plan
1093:Mandarin (bureaucrat)
993:, February 11, 2013.
974:, November 29, 2012.
507:www.chinadaily.com.cn
424:"EF EPI 2018 – China"
199:
1558:College English Test
1486:Global U8 Consortium
1346:College English Test
1088:Imperial examination
903:Multilingual Matters
884:Multilingual Matters
192:Hospitality industry
175:College English Test
1285:Secondary education
1158:1952 reorganization
1153:May Fourth Movement
1098:Scholar-bureaucrats
1025:10.1558/lhs.v4i1.67
812:. 7 September 2017.
734:. 1 September 2018.
677:"Untitled Document"
625:Fu, Shiyi, p. 28-29
238:TAL Education Group
103:Cultural Revolution
25:Cultural Revolution
1318:Vocation education
1163:Simplified Chinese
1063:Education in China
848:Education in China
716:. 21 October 2018.
714:China Travel Guide
654:The New York Times
307:Esperanto in China
202:
184:There is also the
162:The New York Times
124:, and in 1982 the
71:Guangdong Province
1649:
1648:
1517:English education
1469:Int'l cooperation
1404:Archives in China
1280:Primary education
1138:Scouting in China
1128:Beijing Guozijian
1113:Chinese educators
985:Stanley, Phiona.
963:. ISSN 1327-774X.
867:, April 1, 2004.
749:. The China Guide
732:China Travel News
634:Fu, Shiyi, p. 29.
366:978-1-4438-3199-4
343:, Volume 1 (2007)
328:Xiamen University
99:Sino-Soviet split
1674:
1445:Business schools
1424:Shanghai Library
1290:Boarding schools
1072:Education system
1056:
1049:
1042:
1033:
1032:
1028:
1001:, 9781135135683.
982:, 9789400749948.
943:Wuhan University
938:, 9780826480767.
875:, 9789622096639.
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771:. Archived from
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205:Tourism in China
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29:Open Door Policy
19:The emphasis on
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