45:
1148:
2372:
anomalies which persist to this day in the reprinting of archaic texts and the spelling of regional words. The widely misunderstood 'ye' occurs through a habit of printer's usage that originates in Caxton's time, when printers would substitute the <y> (often accompanied by a superscript <e>) in place of the thorn <þ> or the eth <ð>, both of which were used to denote both the voiced and non-voiced sounds, /ð/ and /θ/ (Anderson, D. (1969) The Art of
Written Forms. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, p 169)
1032:
1619:
1248:
476:(because it is obvious, because it is common knowledge, or because it was mentioned in the same sentence or an earlier sentence). The indefinite article is the default determiner for other singular, countable, common nouns, while no determiner is the default for other common nouns. Other determiners are used to add semantic information such as amount (
2371:
The types used by Caxton and his contemporaries originated in
Holland and Belgium, and did not provide for the continuing use of elements of the Old English alphabet such as thorn <þ>, eth <ð>, and yogh <ʒ>. The substitution of visually similar typographic forms has led to some
1023:"The" can be used with both singular and plural nouns, with nouns of any gender, and with nouns that start with any letter. This is different from many other languages which have different articles for different genders and/or numbers.
2112:
In sorting titles and phrases alphabetically, articles are usually excluded from consideration, since being so common makes them more of a hindrance than a help in finding the desired item. For example,
2856:
2797:
693:
No article is used with plural or uncountable nouns when the referent is indefinite (just as in the generic definite case described above). However, in such situations, the determiner
678:
When referring to a day of the week, the indefinite article "a" or definite article "the" may be used, following the same guidelines of generality versus specificity.
2261:
1283:. Semantically, they can be regarded as meaning "one", usually without emphasis. They can be used only with singular countable nouns; for the possible use of
2571:
1829:
has wandered back and forth between the indefinite article and words beginning with vowels over the history of the language, where for example what was once
578:
is the default when the referent of the noun phrase headed by a common noun is assumed to be unique or known from the context. For example, In the sentence
381:
2776:
1120:
Occasional proposals have been made by individuals for an abbreviation. In 1916, Legros & Grant included in their classic printers' handbook
2863:
2807:
2794:
2334:
1703:(used the same way, except that they are definite articles; juncture loss, as described below, has occurred in that language too), and the
1016:, denoting person(s) or thing(s) already mentioned, under discussion, implied, or otherwise presumed familiar to the listener or reader.
420:
2784:
1039:
Since "the" is one of the most frequently used words in
English, at various times short abbreviations for it have been found:
2759:
2699:
2623:
2480:
2443:
2836:
2321:
2265:
657:
nouns. It indicates that the referent of the noun phrase is one unspecified member of a class. For example, the sentence
376:
582:, it is assumed that in the context the reference can only be to one boy and one moon. However, the definite article is
247:
2733:
2533:
2349:
2295:
2249:
1666:
1640:
985:
768:
468:. The definite article is the default determiner when the speaker believes that the listener knows the identity of a
2104:
is used just as an indefinite article, it is normally pronounced weakly, as . In other meanings, it is pronounced .
1648:
1333:
989:
2985:
2011:
belongs to the class of "central determiners", which are mutually exclusive (so "the some boys" is ungrammatical).
1810:
2086:, which implies that the identity of the person is unknown to the speaker (which is not necessarily the case when
1128:
to represent "Th", thus abbreviating "the" to ħe. Why they did not propose reintroducing to the
English language "
2954:
2892:
1252:
325:
1403:
before consonants in almost all dialects by the 15th century. Before vowels, the survived into Modern
English.
2917:
2402:
1644:
2887:
2849:
2815:
413:
313:
2137:. In an index, the former work might be written "Comedy of Errors, The", with the article moved to the end.
2902:
1370:
1356:
177:
1770:. However, when stressed (which is rare in ordinary speech), they are normally pronounced respectively as
1532:
1493:
2750:
2569:
Scott, Charles P. G. (1894). "English Words which hav Gaind or Lost an
Initial Consonant by Attraction".
2502:
390:
138:
2795:
Low MH 2005: "The
Phenomenon of the Word THE in English — discourse functions and distribution patterns"
1452:(here, HEPA is an acronym, a series of letters pronounced as a word rather than as individual letters);
2922:
2897:
2521:
281:
2551:
2027:
1925:
was also dropped through juncture loss, but this happened before the word was borrowed into
English.
1153:
354:
2980:
1629:
1400:
910:
Exclamative markers of nominals, though still also determinative, precede the indefinite article:
406:
54:
2052:
can also have a more emphatic meaning: "some but not others" or "some but not many". For example,
2927:
2912:
2435:
2355:
2242:
1633:
1433:
1363:
845:
333:
265:
219:
2841:
1251:) as an abbreviation became common. It can still be seen in reprints of the 1611 edition of the
2990:
2388:
1147:
285:
2691:
2685:
2525:
2515:
2470:
2429:
2609:
1020:
is the most commonly used word in the
English language, accounting for 7% of all words used.
307:
273:
198:
152:
144:
2611:
Homer's Winged Words: The
Evolution of Early Greek Epic Diction in the Light of Oral Theory
2146:
1536:
1523:
before such words was common and has survived to some extent to recent times even when the
1186:
1048:
317:
172:
121:
21:
This article is about grammatical articles in English. Not to be confused with articles on
16:
Definite article "the" and indefinite articles "a" and "an" (and sometimes the word "some")
469:
8:
2959:
2942:
465:
345:
269:
236:
133:
2876:
2719:
2588:
2394:
2061:
1944:
1692:
1272:
857:
650:
512:
242:
192:
168:
156:
102:
2729:
2715:
2695:
2619:
2529:
2476:
2439:
2398:
2345:
2291:
2245:
1415:
1256:
856:
In most cases, the article is the first word of its noun phrase, preceding all other
802:
452:
255:
22:
2781:
2214:
44:
2677:
2615:
2580:
2150:
2000:
1956:
1791:
1773:
1759:
1745:
1680:
1473:
1007:
438:
228:
223:
188:
183:
125:
2819:
2801:
2788:
2723:
1330:
1321:
1057:, with a bold horizontal stroke through the ascender, and it represents the word
1031:
508:
386:
251:
232:
106:
59:
36:
821:, signs, labels, and notes, articles are often omitted along with certain other
2827:
2681:
2673:
2384:
1843:
1715:
1314:
1230:
1190:
1088:
1044:
595:
93:
68:
1347:
1132:", for which blocks were already available for use in Icelandic texts, or the
2974:
2023:
1937:
1922:
1822:
822:
516:
214:
202:
160:
129:
79:
2466:
2425:
1913:
1226:
1202:
759:), although one can combine articles with certain other determiners, as in
559:. There are also cases where no determiner is required, as in the sentence
540:
442:
350:
277:
2791:, Glenda Browne, The Indexer, vol. 22, no. 3 April 2001, pp. 119–22.
2646:
2194:
1704:
1392:
1325:
1233:
and his contemporaries imported from Belgium and the Netherlands, while
1026:
614:
329:
164:
148:
111:
2804:— a dissertation that surveys the use of the word 'the' in English text.
1691:) (used in essentially the same manner as the English ones), the
1566:
in situations where it would not be used in the standard language, like
1317:
2872:
2651:
2593:
2475:. Vol. 1 (Second ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 229.
1559:
1066:
1062:
654:
321:
1679:
Other more or less analogous cases in different languages include the
976:(but not the adjective itself) often precedes the indefinite article:
2090:
is used). This usage is fairly informal, although singular countable
1960:
1343:
638:
2584:
1618:
2812:
2181:), etc. The indefinite article, on the other hand, often occurs as
1719:
1047:: the earliest abbreviation, it is used in manuscripts in the
818:
473:
1527:
has been restored in pronunciation. Some speakers and writers use
2871:
2308:
1551:
1218:
1194:
606:, referring to cars in general and happiness in general (compare
98:
2431:
The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English)
1995:
in such cases implies some limited quantity. (Compare the forms
798:
591:
362:
302:
297:
74:
63:
2555:(3 ed.). Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. 2002.
2153:
would not. Non-standard uses occur for example with diseases (
1762:
1739:
1411:
646:
358:
2782:"The Definite Article: Acknowledging 'The' in Index Entries"
2672:
2262:"Articles: Articles in English Grammar, Examples Exercises"
2149:
may use articles in certain environments where speakers of
1936:"Some and any" redirects here. For the German pop duo, see
1870:
1776:
1748:
1447:
543:
of the noun. Other possible determiners include words like
394:
261:
1983:
is not required; it is also possible to use zero article:
1515:
In older loan words of Latin or Greek provenance, initial
1414:
sound, regardless of whether the word begins with a vowel
1291:) as an equivalent with plural and uncountable nouns, see
1053:
701:
in negative contexts and in many questions). For example:
664:
When referring to a particular date, the definite article
1794:
1577:
There used to be a distinction analogous to that between
1440:
1247:
1109:
and appear in Early Modern manuscripts and in print (see
1012:
1001:
891:, precede the definite article when used in combination (
447:
1867:. Sometimes the change has been permanent. For example,
1259:. Historically, the article was never pronounced with a
836:
For more information on article usage, see the sections
782:), although again certain combinations are possible (as
1221:
Curiositie Shoppe'. One major reason for this was that
661:
does not specify the identity of the ugly man or pipe.
2082:
can also be used with singular countable nouns, as in
1151:"... by the grace that god put ..." (Extract from the
986:
English determiners § Combinations of determiners
769:
English determiners § Combinations of determiners
2572:
Transactions of the American Philological Association
2335:"Chapter 25: Typography and the printed English text"
2309:"English Letter Frequency Counts: Mzayzner Revisited"
1837:. One example is the text "smot hym on the hede with
1797:
1418:. Where the next word begins with a consonant sound,
527:
is not. The most common determiners are the articles
456:
2342:
The Routledge Handbook of the English Writing System
2054:
some people like football, while others prefer rugby
1337:
844:
below. For more cases where no article is used, see
2058:
I've got some money, but not enough to lend you any
2503:How to Use Articles (a/an/the) – The OWL at Purdue
2290:. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson Prentice-Hall
1898:(meaning a little tablecloth, related to the word
2003:, which are the plural of the indefinite article
2972:
2714:
1951:is sometimes used as a functional equivalent of
1550:Some dialects, particularly in England (such as
972:(particularly when it means "fairly"), the word
747:in noun phrases that contain other determiners (
2748:
2687:A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language
2107:
1894:meaning "add to"), and in the other direction,
1379:
1185:above it. During the latter Middle English and
871:There are a few things that are the same, and:
2777:Vietnamese learners mastering english articles
2557:Now only before a vowel or h, and arch or poet
1519:used to be silent in general, thus the use of
743:Additionally, articles are not normally used:
688:He was born on the Monday before Thanksgiving.
2857:
2837:Mastering A, An, The: English Articles Solved
519:phrase start with a determiner. For example,
414:
2752:Gender in English pronouns: Myth and reality
2390:An Etymological Dictionary of Modern English
1971:(equivalent to the singular countable forms
1091:manuscripts for "þe" and "þat" respectively.
580:The boy with glasses was looking at the moon
539:), which specify the presence or absence of
2725:A Student's Introduction to English Grammar
2424:
1647:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
959:as delicious an apple as I have ever tasted
2864:
2850:
2472:From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic
2140:
1547:. However, this usage is now less common.
1213:became ubiquitous, leading to the common "
1173:above it, similar to the abbreviation for
949:generally precede the indefinite article:
421:
407:
2592:
2068:) or followed by a prepositional phrase (
1714:prefixes, meaning "not" or "without", in
1667:Learn how and when to remove this message
1255:in places such as Romans 15:29 or in the
817:If it is required to be concise, e.g. in
2173:), geographical units and institutions (
1146:
1030:
2383:
2046:objections to make" are ungrammatical.
2034:objections to make", vs. "I don't have
1531:before a word beginning with the sound
841:
797:preceding noun phrases consisting of a
2973:
2742:
2722:(2005). "8.4: Non-affirmative items".
2513:
2094:can also be found in formal contexts:
2042:objections to make" and "I don't have
1847:, meaning "smote him on the head with
829:, a newspaper headline might say just
2845:
2607:
2568:
2465:
1608:
1508:, but has largely been superseded by
1410:is used before words starting with a
1313:, which it also predates, cognate to
1266:
1165:(þe) was frequently abbreviated as a
1124:, a proposal for a letter similar to
837:
2808:When Do You Use Articles: A, An, The
2517:The Cambridge Guide to English Usage
2332:
2096:We seek some value of x such that...
1645:adding citations to reliable sources
1612:
1369:. All of these words descended from
710:There are some apples in the kitchen
2760:Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg
2496:
2344:. Taylor & Francis. p. 6.
2326:
2217:to indicate ungrammatical examples.
1263:sound even when it was so written.
1237:did not. As a result, the use of a
995:
610:, specifying particular happiness);
382:AmE and BrE grammatical differences
377:African-American Vernacular English
13:
2832:on the Online Etymology Dictionary
2507:
2306:
1943:The existential determinative (or
1061:, meaning "the" or "that" (neuter
1027:Abbreviations for "the" and "that"
14:
3002:
2770:
2084:There is some person on the porch
968:When adjectives are qualified by
286:Transitive and intransitive verbs
2749:Wagner, Susanne (22 July 2004).
2322:Missed Opportunity for Ligatures
2064:, not qualifying a noun at all (
2018:in negative clauses proves that
1816:
1811:Weak and strong forms in English
1790:
1772:
1758:
1744:
1725:
1617:
1292:
1275:of English takes the two forms:
1246:
511:requires that, in most cases, a
43:
2708:
2666:
2639:
2601:
2562:
2542:
2514:Peters, Pam (2004). "a or an".
2459:
1585:for the possessive determiners
1554:), silence many or all initial
1468:(read "an eighty-dollar fee");
1253:King James Version of the Bible
1122:Typographical Printing-Surfaces
963:I know how pretty a girl she is
706:There are apples in the kitchen
673:He was born on the 10th of May.
523:is grammatically correct, but *
464:. They are the two most common
2418:
2377:
2315:
2300:
2280:
2254:
2231:
2207:
1928:
1851:tool". Other examples include
1738:are usually pronounced with a
1500:was formerly widespread, e.g.
1492:. Before words beginning with
1351:, etc.). The Old English word
1309:is the older form (related to
1205:printing, the substitution of
720:We do not have any information
659:An ugly man was smoking a pipe
608:the happiness I felt yesterday
1:
2728:. Cambridge UO. p. 154.
2224:
2038:objections to make"; "I have
1444:(pronounced "em-pee-three");
1193:(þ) in its common script, or
875:Certain determiners, such as
851:
807:what you've done is very good
738:Would you like some good tea?
2161:), quantifying expressions (
2108:Effect on alphabetical order
2060:. It can also be used as an
1338:
1301:
1110:
1079: (þ with a superscript
7:
2690:. Harlow: Longman. p.
2333:Hill, Will (30 June 2020).
2286:Disterheft, Dorothy (2004)
2188:
1201:shape. With the arrival of
1035:Barred thorn (after Ælfric)
825:. For example, rather than
10:
3007:
2813:articles web training tool
2522:Cambridge University Press
2239:The Oxford English Grammar
1935:
1197:, form came to resemble a
1139:
999:
990:Determiners and adjectives
716:We do not have information
683:He was born on a Thursday.
20:
2938:
2883:
2818:23 September 2017 at the
2552:Oxford English Dictionary
2237:Greenbaum, Sidney (1996)
2119:A Midsummer Night's Dream
2070:I want some of your vodka
2026:, and occurs in positive
1688:
1684:
1437:(pronounced "es-es-oh");
1362:, which was derived from
1225:existed in the printer's
1154:The Boke of Margery Kempe
1101: are developed from
649:sound) is used only with
2684:; Svartvik, Jan (1985).
2549:"mine, adj. and pron.".
2200:
1512:since the 19th century.
933:Adjectives qualified by
730:Would you like some tea?
503:
2986:Determiners by language
2647:"Etymology of "orange""
2436:Oxford University Press
2243:Oxford University Press
2141:In West Country English
2117:is alphabetized before
2072:); the same applies to
2014:The contrasting use of
1841:tool" from 1448 in the
1464:(pronounced "won...");
1010:in English is the word
846:Zero article in English
734:Would you like any tea?
633:The indefinite article
604:happiness is contagious
571:includes a determiner.
2828:Etymology of the word
2618:. pp. 15–16, 25.
2520:. Cambridge, England:
2428:; Taylor, Ann (2014).
2007:.) Like the articles,
1979:). Grammatically this
1601:before a vowel, as in
1490:an un-ionized particle
1158:
1036:
827:The mayor was attacked
811:to surrender is to die
600:cars have accelerators
2787:25 March 2009 at the
2608:Reece, Steve (2009).
1890:means "extra" (as in
1391:The of the original
1150:
1034:
574:The definite article
314:Conditional sentences
2185:also before vowels.
2147:West Country English
2133:alphabetizes before
2115:The Comedy of Errors
1821:In a process called
1641:improve this section
1484:in British English;
1406:Currently, the form
1380:Distinction between
1376:, meaning "single".
1189:periods, the letter
1187:Early Modern English
1049:Old English language
590:with generic nouns (
561:John likes fast cars
2758:(Doctoral thesis).
2720:Pullum, Geoffrey K.
1965:Give me some apples
1687:) and "an" (
1570:(standard English:
1541:an historical novel
1422:is used. Examples:
1395:indefinite article
1371:Proto-Indo-European
1357:Proto-West Germanic
1161:In Middle English,
1051:. It is the letter
978:quite a long letter
726:Would you like tea?
697:is often added (or
668:is typically used.
451:and the indefinite
31:Part of a series on
2800:2006-04-25 at the
2716:Huddleston, Rodney
2395:Dover Publications
2213:This article uses
2062:indefinite pronoun
2024:polarity-sensitive
1969:Give me some water
1609:In other languages
1486:a unionized worker
1462:a one-armed bandit
1273:indefinite article
1267:Indefinite article
1159:
1037:
842:indefinite article
492:), or possession (
2968:
2967:
2877:world's languages
2701:978-0-582-51734-9
2678:Greenbaum, Sidney
2625:978-90-04-17441-2
2482:978-0-19-879258-1
2445:978-0-19-920784-8
1957:uncountable nouns
1677:
1676:
1669:
1562:), and so employ
1355:was derived from
1257:Mayflower Compact
1235:⟨Þ⟩
1223:⟨y⟩
1211:⟨Þ⟩
1207:⟨y⟩
1136:form is unknown.
955:so hard a problem
905:double the amount
803:infinitive phrase
757:America's history
431:
430:
23:English Knowledge
2998:
2866:
2859:
2852:
2843:
2842:
2824:
2764:
2763:
2757:
2746:
2740:
2739:
2712:
2706:
2705:
2670:
2664:
2663:
2661:
2659:
2643:
2637:
2636:
2634:
2632:
2616:Brill Publishers
2605:
2599:
2598:
2596:
2566:
2560:
2559:
2546:
2540:
2539:
2511:
2505:
2500:
2494:
2493:
2491:
2489:
2463:
2457:
2456:
2454:
2452:
2422:
2416:
2415:
2413:
2411:
2397:. p. 1008.
2381:
2375:
2374:
2368:
2366:
2360:
2354:. Archived from
2339:
2330:
2324:
2319:
2313:
2312:
2304:
2298:
2288:Advanced Grammar
2284:
2278:
2277:
2275:
2273:
2268:on 23 April 2019
2264:. Archived from
2258:
2252:
2235:
2218:
2211:
2179:the county Devon
2151:Standard English
2129:are ignored and
1977:a glass of water
1963:). For example,
1955:with plural and
1804:
1803:
1800:
1799:
1796:
1783:
1782:
1779:
1778:
1769:
1768:
1765:
1764:
1755:
1754:
1751:
1750:
1690:
1686:
1672:
1665:
1661:
1658:
1652:
1621:
1613:
1534:
1495:
1480:is silent), but
1474:American English
1341:
1250:
1236:
1224:
1212:
1208:
1008:definite article
996:Definite article
951:too great a loss
838:definite article
586:typically used:
563:, where neither
498:the government's
423:
416:
409:
391:Grammar disputes
387:Double negatives
384:
47:
28:
27:
3006:
3005:
3001:
3000:
2999:
2997:
2996:
2995:
2981:English grammar
2971:
2970:
2969:
2964:
2934:
2879:
2870:
2822:
2820:Wayback Machine
2802:Wayback Machine
2789:Wayback Machine
2773:
2768:
2767:
2755:
2747:
2743:
2736:
2713:
2709:
2702:
2682:Leech, Geoffrey
2674:Quirk, Randolph
2671:
2667:
2657:
2655:
2645:
2644:
2640:
2630:
2628:
2626:
2606:
2602:
2585:10.2307/2935662
2567:
2563:
2548:
2547:
2543:
2536:
2512:
2508:
2501:
2497:
2487:
2485:
2483:
2464:
2460:
2450:
2448:
2446:
2438:. p. 120.
2434:. Vol. 2.
2423:
2419:
2409:
2407:
2405:
2393:. Vol. 2.
2385:Weekley, Ernest
2382:
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2066:Give me some!
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373:Variant usage
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2918:Prepositions
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2829:
2823:(in English)
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2656:. Retrieved
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2363:. Retrieved
2356:the original
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2145:Speakers of
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1639:Please help
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1469:
1465:
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1460:is silent);
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1203:movable type
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1140:
1133:
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1087:) appear in
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927:
923:
919:
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904:
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893:all the team
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864:
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830:
826:
816:
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791:
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765:such a child
764:
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719:
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615:proper names
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541:definiteness
536:
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524:
521:I have a box
520:
515:, countable
507:
497:
493:
489:
485:
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334:Zero-marking
306:
246:
227:
187:
176:
173:Prepositions
165:Portmanteaus
137:
122:Coordinators
117:
110:
78:
67:
18:
2908:Determiners
2888:Phonologies
2873:Determiners
2195:False title
1476:(where the
1466:an $ 80 fee
1401:assimilated
1393:Old English
928:What a day!
596:uncountable
470:common noun
466:determiners
346:Orthography
330:Periphrasis
270:Modal verbs
237:subjunctive
229:conditional
169:Possessives
149:Intensifier
134:Determiners
2975:Categories
2903:Adjectives
2652:Etymonline
2524:. p.
2404:0486122867
2272:12 January
2225:References
2175:the church
2121:, because
2030:: "I have
1945:determiner
1884:an ekename
1880:a nickname
1705:privative
1560:h-dropping
1539:syllable:
1537:unstressed
1502:an unicorn
1245:above it (
1217:", as in '
858:adjectives
852:Word order
645:(before a
641:sound) or
637:(before a
525:I have box
322:Do-support
308:in English
282:Verb usage
248:continuous
233:imperative
145:Expletives
103:Adjectives
94:Word types
69:in English
55:Morphology
2215:asterisks
2135:midsummer
1997:unos/unas
1961:partitive
1902:) became
1882:was once
1874:was once
1695:articles
1693:Hungarian
1628:does not
1603:mine eyes
1568:an 'elmet
1506:an eulogy
1344:Old Norse
1302:Etymology
1006:The only
984:See also
819:headlines
655:countable
639:consonant
569:fast cars
326:Inversion
178:List here
139:List here
126:Compounds
2948:articles
2923:Pronouns
2898:Grammars
2816:Archived
2798:Archived
2785:Archived
2469:(2017).
2387:(1967).
2189:See also
2167:the most
2163:the both
1973:an apple
1908:a nadder
1904:an apron
1896:a napron
1886:, where
1865:an apple
1861:a napple
1835:an uncle
1831:a nuncle
1720:Sanskrit
1572:a helmet
1558:sounds (
1545:an hotel
1428:an apple
1334:𐌰𐌹𐌽𐍃
1241:with an
920:an idiot
788:the many
753:this cat
749:my house
651:singular
513:singular
474:referent
453:articles
445:article
443:definite
441:are the
435:articles
252:habitual
184:Pronouns
118:Articles
99:Acronyms
75:Suffixes
64:Prefixes
2960:Spanish
2943:English
2875:of the
2594:2935662
2579:: 111.
2028:clauses
2001:Spanish
1929:Use of
1910:became
1892:eke out
1849:an edge
1833:is now
1809:). See
1681:Yiddish
1649:removed
1634:sources
1552:Cockney
1470:an herb
1454:an hour
1298:below.
1293:Use of
1219:Ye Olde
1195:cursive
1116:below).
1043:Barred
922:!) and
792:the few
784:the one
439:English
303:Clauses
256:perfect
107:Adverbs
60:Plurals
2955:French
2732:
2698:
2622:
2591:
2532:
2479:
2442:
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