Knowledge

Energy in the United Kingdom

Source đź“ť

995: 904: 248: 573: 632: 849: 453: 857: 279: 1322: 1122: 1423: 1107:, the four nations of the United Kingdom have different energy mixes and ambitions. Scotland currently has a target of 80% of electricity from renewables by 2020, which was increased from an original ambition of 50% by 2020 after it exceeded its interim target of 31 percent by 2011. Scotland has most of the UK's hydro-electric power generation facilities. It has a quarter of the EU's estimated offshore wind potential, and is at the forefront of testing various marine energy systems. 795: 8389: 1409: 1305: 69: 271: 1395: 5108: 1017: 8399: 227: 617: 970:
tonnes, representing 82.4% of all coal used in 2004 (a fall of 43.6% compared to 1980 levels), though up slightly from its low in 1999. On several occasions in May 2016, Britain burned no coal for electricity for the first time since 1882. On 21 April 2017, Britain went a full day without using coal
833:
power stations in the UK. These power stations are net consumers of electrical energy however they contribute to balancing the grid, which can facilitate renewable generation elsewhere, for example by 'soaking up' surplus renewable output at off-peak times and release the energy when it is required.
707:
GW·h (up 690% from 1990 levels), and was the UK's leading renewable energy source, representing 39.4% of all renewable energy produced (including hydro) in 2006. The UK has committed to a target of 10.3% of renewable energy in transport to comply with the [Renewable Energy Directive of the European
306:
In 2021, oil products in the United Kingdom were primarily consumed by the transport sector, constituting 72.7% of usage. The industry sector used 5.2% of oil products, while residential and commercial/public services sectors each accounted for 4.7% and 4.5%, respectively. Agriculture and forestry
1196:
funds an energy programme spanning energy and climate change research. It aims to "develop, embrace and exploit sustainable, low carbon and/or energy efficient technologies and systems" to enable the United Kingdom "to meet the Government's energy and environmental targets by 2020". Its research
430:
In 2021, coal consumption in the United Kingdom was primarily driven by the industrial sector, accounting for 72.9% of usage. Residential consumption followed at 23.3%, while commercial and public services sectors accounted for 0.9%. Non-energy use represented 2.2% of the total coal consumption.
529:
In 2007, the United Kingdom Government agreed to an overall European Union target of generating 20% of the European Union's energy supply from renewable sources by 2020. Each European Union member state was given its own allocated target; for the United Kingdom it is 15%. This was formalised in
255:
In 2022, the United Kingdom's total energy supply (TES) was primarily composed of natural gas, contributing 39.4%, followed by oil at 34.8%, nuclear power at 8.1%, and coal at 3.2%. Biofuels and waste contributed 8.9%, while other renewable sources such as wind, solar, and hydro collectively
6305: 419:
Electricity production from coal in 2018 was less than any time since the industrial revolution, with the first "coal free day" in 2017 and the first coal free week in 2019. Coal supplied 5.4% of UK electricity in 2018, down from 7% in 2017, 9% in 2016, 23% in 2015 and 30% in 2014.
491:
to speed nuclear power plant applications, there are doubts over whether the necessary timescale could be met to increase nuclear power output, and over the financial viability of nuclear power with present oil and gas prices. With no nuclear plants having been constructed since
340:) to 40% gas import in 2010. Gas was almost 40% of total primary energy supply (TPES) and electricity more than 45% in 2010. Underground storage was about 5% of annual demand and more than 10% of net imports. There is an alternative fuel obligation in the United Kingdom. (see 1382:
In 2022, the United Kingdom's CO2 emissions primarily originated from natural gas and oil, contributing 46.4% and 45.8%, respectively, to the total CO2 emissions from fuel combustion. Coal represented a smaller fraction, at 6.0%, while other sources constituted 1.8%.
186:'s grid supply for the United Kingdom in 2023 came from 33% fossil fuel power (almost all from natural gas), 50.3% zero-carbon power (including 14.2% nuclear power and 36.1% from wind, solar and hydroelectricity), 5% from biomass, 10.7% imports, and 1% from storage. 193:, Europe's consumption of electricity shrank by 5%, with primary production also facing a noticeable decline. Britain's trade deficit was reduced by 8% due to substantial cuts in energy imports. Between 2007 and 2015, the UK's peak electrical demand fell from 61.5 1363:
Scotland cut greenhouse gas emissions by around 46% between 1990 and 2014. Scotland aims to have a carbon-free electricity sector based on renewable energy sources by 2032. Scotland also aims to repair 250,000 hectares (620,000 acres; 2,500 km) of degraded
397:
In 2022, gas consumption in the United Kingdom was primarily attributed to the residential sector, which accounted for 73.1% of usage, while the commercial and public services sectors utilized 22.6%. Non-energy use represented 1.2% of the total gas consumption.
294:
and the Industry Task-Force on Peak Oil and Energy Security. The latter's 2010 report states that "The next five years will see us face another crunch – the oil crunch. This time, we do have the chance to prepare. The challenge is to use that time well."
1088:
generation is primarily driven by wind, solar, and hydroelectric sources. Wind power was the largest contributor, accounting for 79.1% of renewable electricity generation, followed by solar PV at 13.7%, and hydroelectric power at 7.2%.
592:
Wind power delivers a growing fraction of the energy in the United Kingdom and at the beginning of November 2018, wind power in the United Kingdom consisted of nearly 10,000 wind turbines with a total installed capacity of just over 20
588:
GW worth of sites already awarded in the two earlier rounds of site allocations, Round 1 in 2001 and Round 2 in 2003. Taken together it was estimated that this would result in the construction of over 7,000 offshore wind turbines.
6611: 7401: 1627: 2975: 1219:, set up to 'accelerate the development of secure, reliable and cost-effective low-carbon energy technologies towards commercial deployment', began its work in 2007 and is due to close at the end of 2019. 2122: 2282: 552:
In June 2017, renewables plus nuclear generated more UK power than gas and coal together for the first time and new offshore wind power became cheaper than new nuclear power for the first time.
5779: 7900: 5861: 5581: 2724: 1521: 2884: 1068:
had targeted a total contribution from renewable energy to achieve 10% by 2010, but it was not until 2012 that this figure was exceeded; renewable energy sources supplied 11.3% (41.3
4785: 894: 318:, would be issuing hundreds of new oil and gas licenses. In the same month, Truss said she will not tax the profits of oil and gas corporations to pay for a freeze in energy bills. 17: 4474: 580:
In December 2007, the United Kingdom Government announced plans for a massive expansion of wind energy production, by conducting a Strategic Environmental Assessment of up to 25
2317: 7406: 407: 2770: 6786: 1212:
carries out research into demand reduction, future sources of energy, infrastructure and supply, energy systems, sustainability and materials for advanced energy systems.
8329: 7554: 5487: 5439: 4592: 2469: 2712: 5644: 5619: 1624: 1496: 7150: 5444: 4449: 2936: 2979: 5601: 5449: 4574: 4191: 327: 1189:
Historically, public sector support for energy research and development in the United Kingdom has been provided by a variety of public and private sector bodies.
8359: 8170: 7125: 7097: 5649: 4504: 4499: 3730: 2111: 2366: 5677: 5366: 5326: 3388: 7413: 5477: 4541: 4396: 1084:
In 2022, renewable sources contributed 41.9% to the United Kingdom's total electricity generation, marking a substantial 1,452% increase from 2000 to 2022.
8291: 5497: 5482: 5429: 3482: 538:
estimates that this will require 35–40% of the United Kingdom's electricity to be generated from renewable sources by that date, to be met largely by 33–35
5467: 1956: 608:
In August and September 2021, the UK had to restart coal plants, amidst a lack of wind, as power imports from Europe were insufficient to satisfy demand.
413: 6168: 6133: 6123: 5174: 3288: 6626: 6178: 5699: 5492: 5434: 4720: 4201: 3300: 3162: 1588: 1193: 998:
In the first three months of 2023, Britain's wind turbines generated more electricity (32.4%) than gas-fired power stations (31.7%) for the first time.
1874:
The Oil Crunch: A wake-up call for the UK economy, Second report of the UK Industry Taskforce on Peak Oil & Energy Security (ITPOES) February 2010
1671: 6526: 5841: 5634: 5052: 4642: 4469: 2663: 1263:
The United Kingdom government has instituted several policies intended to promote an increase in efficient energy use. These include the roll out of
8271: 6128: 5689: 4647: 3135: 3154: 2505: 6118: 5546: 4584: 3410: 1441: 8402: 8242: 6414: 6225: 5741: 5079: 4968: 4770: 4454: 4348: 4221: 4211: 2731: 1476: 1379:
Since 2013, an Energy Company Obligation (ECO) levy on electricity has been in effect. As of 2022, the levy generates around 1 billion pounds.
1299: 1716: 8217: 6190: 5836: 5614: 4509: 4343: 3422: 2875: 2257: 303:). However, world peak oil production was not reached and instead the debate is about oil imports and when peak oil demand will be reached. 8254: 8147: 7944: 7050: 6521: 6300: 5904: 4932: 2976:"Department of Energy and Climate Change: Annual tables: 'Digest of UK energy statistics' (DUKES) – Chapter 6: Renewable Sources of energy" 1216: 307:
accounted for 1.5%, with fishing making up a minimal share at 0.2%. Non-energy use represented 10.4% of the total oil product consumption.
2344: 936:
Despite the flow of North Sea oil from the mid-1970s, electricity generation from oil remained relatively small and continued to decline.
8237: 7090: 6466: 6277: 4715: 412:
Coal power in England and Wales has reduced substantially in the beginning of the twenty-first century. The power stations known as the
7934: 7180: 6476: 6419: 5951: 5894: 5032: 4421: 4233: 3381: 3033: 2802: 2756: 2144: 265: 3001: 2832: 8212: 8082: 7704: 6815: 5709: 5021: 4637: 4607: 4494: 4196: 2321: 1734: 1456: 2487:
U.K. wind farms produced less than one gigawatt on certain days, according to Mr. Konstantinov. Full capacity stands at 24 gigawatts
1884: 649:
At the end of 2011, there were 230,000 solar power projects in the United Kingdom, with a total installed generating capacity of 750
8264: 8207: 8035: 7524: 7444: 7429: 6461: 6320: 6272: 5084: 4243: 3047: 2777: 2235: 843: 496:
in 1995, there are also likely to be capacity issues within the native nuclear industry. The existing privatised nuclear supplier,
427:
would be closed by 2025. In February 2020, the government said that it would consult on bringing the closure date forward to 2024.
2170: 1165:, it currently only plays a small role in the United Kingdom. It has, however, been rising, with total generation standing at 27.9 584:
GW worth of wind farm offshore sites in preparation for a new round of development. These proposed sites were in addition to the 8
7386: 7381: 7232: 6042: 5851: 5682: 4835: 4286: 1765: 1471: 943:, during which the use of coal was scaled back in favour of gas-fuelled generation. This was sparked by the privatisation of the 8392: 7939: 7929: 7914: 7849: 7346: 7281: 7083: 6803: 6377: 6106: 6074: 5914: 5899: 5889: 5714: 5704: 5694: 5667: 5146: 4830: 4566: 4524: 4411: 4144:
Companies with headquarters and/or registered office in the UK but no applicable energy operations within the country shown in
3445: 1436: 789: 757: 751: 723:, the production of biofuels for export has in some cases resulted in significant ecological damage, including the clearing of 524: 211:, whilst meeting energy demand. Shifting availabilities of resources and development of technologies also change the country's 3263: 1930: 179:, and wind power production is its fastest growing supply. Wind power contributed 29.4% of UK electricity generation in 2023. 8423: 8301: 8296: 8222: 7497: 6496: 6069: 5111: 4735: 4306: 4216: 3374: 1694: 1831: 1169:
TWh by 2008. This consisted of 1,439 predominantly gas-fired schemes with a total CHP electrical generating capacity of 5.47
959:. In 1990, just 1.09% of all gas consumed in the country was used in electricity generation; by 2004 the figure was 30.25%. 8197: 8114: 6363: 6185: 5846: 5819: 5062: 5037: 4952: 4922: 4333: 4251: 2630: 1357: 1258: 952: 933:, other civil stations followed, and 26% of the nation's electricity was generated from nuclear power at its peak in 1997. 311: 2932: 955:; the introduction of laws facilitating competition within the energy markets; and the availability of cheap gas from the 8286: 8202: 8055: 6536: 6481: 6424: 6343: 6287: 6255: 6089: 5774: 5539: 4745: 4556: 4444: 4358: 4281: 3221: 1466: 1461: 1065: 447: 341: 204: 189:
Government commitments to reduce emissions are occurring against a backdrop of economic crisis across Europe. During the
84: 3175: 2410: 1992: 1173:
GW, and contributing 7% of the UK's electricity supply. Heat generation utilisation has fallen however from a peak of 65
885:, the switch to using electricity, United Kingdom electricity consumption increased by around 150% between the post-war 8232: 7883: 7871: 7827: 7341: 6511: 6491: 6434: 6399: 6047: 6015: 5979: 4206: 4127: 2613: 2595: 765: 8060: 8344: 8247: 8192: 7971: 7954: 7924: 7689: 7539: 7202: 7197: 6506: 6404: 6059: 6052: 5919: 5884: 5869: 5769: 5274: 4891: 4617: 4386: 4178: 4148:
Ultimate parent company is not UK-based Integrated in the United States, no generation or supply activities in the UK
3356: 919: 644: 545:
In the third quarter of 2019, renewables contributed towards 38.9% of the UK's electricity generation, producing 28.8
7376: 900:
It plans to introduce a capacity mechanism and contracts for difference to encourage the building of new generation.
8180: 7959: 7239: 6591: 6143: 6101: 6025: 6020: 5924: 5802: 5204: 4755: 4629: 3351: 2031:"Energy Dashboard - real time and historical GB electricity data, carbon emissions and UK generation sites mapping" 661:
use has increased very rapidly in recent years, albeit from a small base, as a result of reductions in the cost of
567: 561: 493: 176: 1646: 1222:
In relation to buildings, the Building Research Establishment carries out some research into energy conservation.
8334: 8281: 8142: 8087: 7919: 7822: 7301: 7249: 7175: 6654: 6471: 6409: 6335: 6030: 5879: 5826: 5789: 5754: 5728: 5629: 5072: 4886: 3229: 2692: 2528: 830: 818:
GW of installed electrical generating capacity, being 1.9% of the UK's total generating capacity and 14% of UK's
435: 216: 3193: 1076:
had a target of generating 17% to 18% of Scotland's electricity from renewables by 2010, rising to 40% by 2020.
8354: 8259: 8165: 8018: 7866: 7854: 7775: 7261: 6601: 6389: 6315: 6210: 6163: 6079: 5999: 5959: 5749: 5532: 4800: 4484: 2816: 994: 2573: 2084: 8276: 8185: 8124: 8050: 7837: 7817: 7596: 7120: 7106: 7043: 6810: 6616: 6546: 6516: 6486: 6451: 6353: 6325: 6243: 6151: 6035: 5814: 5564: 4988: 4973: 4810: 4765: 4652: 4533: 4401: 4326: 4316: 4276: 4037: 3940: 806:
MW pumped-storage hydroelectric scheme, in north Wales, and the largest hydroelectric power station in the UK
686: 8339: 8160: 8023: 8001: 7981: 7832: 7709: 7699: 7694: 7366: 7331: 7187: 6929: 6853: 6825: 6771: 6574: 6564: 6501: 6456: 6429: 6282: 6267: 5964: 5939: 5764: 5513: 5224: 4780: 4464: 4371: 4321: 4261: 4065: 3907: 1272: 903: 215:
through changes in costs and consumption. In 2018, the United Kingdom was ranked sixth in the world on the
2667: 1849: 768:. In 2004, it was announced that a further scheme would be built to heat the UK's first geothermal energy 8175: 8155: 7996: 7859: 7641: 7544: 7254: 7227: 7207: 6820: 6798: 6766: 6761: 6743: 6684: 6606: 6596: 6531: 6394: 6358: 6156: 5934: 5573: 5472: 5249: 5089: 4381: 4366: 4291: 4028: 3931: 1546: 1451: 1353: 461: 235: 3346: 2295: 8374: 7986: 7192: 6880: 6781: 6621: 5139: 5047: 4815: 4790: 3973: 3802: 3152: 1145:, are also a well tried technology in other parts of Europe. While it heats about 50% of all houses in 300: 2513: 251:
Fossil fuel consumption in the UK. Since the 1990s, coal use declined while natural gas use increased.
8006: 7844: 7780: 7770: 7765: 7016: 6776: 6581: 6554: 6064: 5944: 5336: 5331: 4998: 4937: 4014: 1209: 1098: 465: 190: 1931:"Energy crisis - live: Liz Truss issues hundreds of new oil and gas licences despite climate change" 7271: 6914: 6444: 6084: 5831: 4978: 4825: 4710: 4391: 2950: 2846: 1276: 625: 424: 356: 208: 1116: 7679: 7266: 7217: 7059: 6972: 6793: 6728: 6439: 6096: 5296: 5042: 4993: 4760: 4439: 4296: 3760: 3466: 2261: 1414: 908: 773: 99: 7464: 939:
Starting in 1993, and continuing through the 1990s, a combination of factors led to a so-called
889:
of the industry in 1948 and the mid-1960s. During the 1960s, growth slowed as the market became
247: 8364: 6909: 5974: 4896: 4657: 4551: 3948: 3628: 870: 799: 673:
million homes across the UK will be powered by the sun within eight years, representing 22,000
572: 8119: 8109: 7876: 7724: 7591: 7569: 7502: 7306: 7212: 7064: 6904: 6860: 6723: 6309: 5396: 5132: 4514: 4055: 3999: 3958: 3807: 1428: 1085: 972: 507:
gave the go-ahead for the construction of up to eight new nuclear power plants. However, the
375: 1600: 8099: 8092: 7747: 7684: 7656: 7631: 7626: 7601: 7559: 7361: 7316: 7311: 7140: 6924: 6865: 6830: 6718: 6691: 6202: 5306: 5286: 5189: 4489: 4459: 4311: 3008: 2005: 1283: 1242: 1128: 822:
generating capacity. Annual electricity production from such schemes is approximately 5,700
531: 473: 468:
unit at Sizewell B. The total installed nuclear capacity in the United Kingdom is about 6.8
291: 220: 3073: 2345:"New Civil Engineer – Wind power: Chancellor urged to use budget to aid ailing developers" 1791: 534:. As renewable heat and fuel production in the United Kingdom are at extremely low bases, 286:
After UK oil production peaked at nearly 3 million barrels per day in 1999, concerns over
8: 7719: 7674: 7666: 7611: 7519: 7454: 7145: 7001: 6919: 6897: 6892: 6875: 6870: 6848: 6738: 6696: 5301: 5067: 4775: 4725: 4226: 4004: 3897: 3681: 3313: 2474: 1957:"Liz Truss Says She Won't Tax Energy Firms' ÂŁ170bn Profits To Ease Cost Of Living Crisis" 1237:
in France. The United Kingdom contributed towards this project through membership of the
1073: 944: 848: 811: 636: 512: 508: 488: 3051: 2209: 1335:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
7795: 7785: 7752: 7651: 7621: 7514: 7489: 7449: 6996: 6952: 6733: 6711: 6706: 6674: 6586: 5759: 5381: 5376: 5351: 5209: 4901: 4730: 4301: 3953: 3431: 882: 631: 504: 452: 183: 164: 110: 1980: 1769: 856: 7564: 7534: 7011: 6957: 6559: 5406: 5356: 5316: 5269: 5264: 5254: 5239: 5234: 5229: 5214: 5199: 5194: 5184: 5179: 5169: 4942: 4820: 4073: 4045: 3968: 3917: 3887: 3823: 3595: 3581: 3027: 2796: 2750: 890: 348: 336:
in 2010. In five years the United Kingdom moved from almost gas self-sufficient (see
2184: 1766:"Data Explorer :: Table of Main Results | Environmental Performance Index" 8349: 7790: 7739: 7549: 7529: 7006: 6989: 6984: 6967: 6947: 6753: 5606: 5401: 5391: 5371: 5361: 5346: 5341: 5321: 5291: 5259: 5244: 5219: 5155: 4927: 4805: 4107: 3588: 3552: 3535: 1904: 1751: 1446: 1142: 1125: 983: 979: 819: 364: 8077: 3116: 3098: 1817:"United Kingdom Oil Reserves, Production and Consumption Statistics – Worldometer" 8045: 7966: 7371: 7336: 7326: 7296: 7170: 6679: 6569: 6260: 6220: 5386: 5311: 5281: 4795: 3696: 3660: 3621: 3225: 3179: 3158: 2851: 2651: 2617: 2599: 2578: 2454: 2117: 2060: 1631: 1502:. Department for business energy and industrial strategy. 28 July 2022. p. 9 1287: 948: 886: 761: 515:, has stated that no new nuclear power stations will be constructed in Scotland. 352: 296: 7075: 278: 8072: 7616: 7356: 7244: 7135: 7130: 6292: 6173: 6111: 5672: 5555: 4906: 4602: 4597: 4338: 4186: 3912: 3877: 3847: 3575: 3559: 3546: 3366: 2055: 2030: 1309: 1268: 1238: 666: 497: 231: 168: 160: 88: 3219: 1121: 8417: 7949: 7729: 7507: 7459: 7439: 7351: 6348: 5909: 5807: 5797: 5596: 5591: 4479: 4009: 3994: 3867: 3834: 3817: 3765: 3614: 3452: 3198: 3173: 2429: 1527:. Department for Business, Energy, & Industrial Strategy. 22 October 2020 1400: 930: 923: 915: 777: 769: 716: 368: 337: 7976: 4050: 3963: 2610: 2592: 1816: 982:
sources began to contribute to the electricity generated, adding to a small
893:. The United Kingdom is planning to reform its electricity market, see also 290:
production were raised by high-profile voices in the United Kingdom such as
8067: 7714: 7586: 6215: 5586: 4876: 4700: 4434: 4429: 4117: 3902: 3852: 3602: 3570: 2569: 1264: 1226: 1202: 1198: 1138: 940: 662: 360: 175:
sources, and 40% from low-carbon content fuels by 2020. Notably, the UK is
80: 5524: 2526: 764:, were abandoned as fuel prices fell. Only one scheme is operational, the 715:
can provide a close-to-carbon-neutral energy source, if locally grown. In
7758: 7606: 7581: 7574: 7395: 7222: 6701: 6631: 4947: 4881: 3882: 3872: 3716: 3691: 3676: 3634: 2906: 2383: 794: 739: 658: 535: 434:
As of October 2023 there is only one active coal-fired power plant left,
416:
closed, and coal is rarely used for power generation as of October 2023.
333: 922:
being connected to the grid on 27 August 1956. Though the production of
7434: 4406: 4271: 4122: 3989: 3892: 3857: 3797: 3789: 3755: 3711: 3639: 1547:"Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita) | Data | Table" 1104: 742:
from the United States, replacing coal at several generating stations.
724: 423:
The UK Government announced in November 2015 that all the remaining 14
387: 212: 159:
Successive UK governments have outlined numerous commitments to reduce
114: 2847:"Britain passes historic milestone with first days of coal-free power" 2554:
Jonathan Gifford (23 February 2012). "UK hits one GW of PV capacity".
2532: 1993:
Elgin North Sea gas platform resumes production almost year after leak
7321: 6979: 6887: 4266: 4102: 3862: 3655: 3504: 2664:"Department of Energy and Climate Change: UK use of Hydroelectricity" 2631:"The UK's move away from coal means they're burning wood from the US" 2283:
Eight new nuclear power stations despite safety and clean-up concerns
1234: 1072:
TWh) of the electricity generated in the United Kingdom in 2012. The
956: 926: 878: 703:) has already been exploited in some areas. In 2004 it provided 129.3 594: 315: 172: 2210:"Kilroot: 'Electricity disruption unlikely' as power station closes" 1408: 270: 6840: 5124: 5057: 3842: 3812: 3745: 3701: 3541: 3459: 2145:"End of coal power to be brought forward in drive towards net zero" 1365: 1304: 1162: 708:
Union but has not yet implemented legislation to meet this target.
696: 477: 287: 68: 3361: 3289:
Scotland beats climate emissions reductions target six years early
3241: 1832:"Top scientist says politicians have 'heads in the sand' over oil" 8369: 6666: 4786:
Decarbonisation measures in proposed UK electricity market reform
4256: 4132: 4112: 4097: 3770: 3750: 3608: 3565: 3472: 3301:
Scotland sets ambitious goal of 66% emissions cut within 15 years
1394: 1150: 1146: 1132: 895:
Decarbonisation measures in proposed UK electricity market reform
712: 1016: 826:
GWh, being about 1.5% of the UK's total electricity production.
669:(FIT) subsidy in April 2010. In 2012, the government said that 4 32:
United Kingdom total primary energy consumption by fuel in 2021
7391: 6962: 4376: 1889: 1853: 1246: 1225:
There is currently international research being conducted into
1158: 1154: 700: 692: 621: 226: 2470:"Energy Prices in Europe Hit Records After Wind Stops Blowing" 1356:
publishes an annual progress report in respect to control the
616: 408:
List of active coal-fired power stations in the United Kingdom
8104: 6939: 4983: 4705: 4546: 3706: 3686: 3523: 2236:"Nuclear Power in the United Kingdom (Updated February 2022)" 2171:"Plans to bring coal phase-out date forward to 2024 unveiled" 881:
providing most of the remainder. With the development of the
653:
MW. By February 2012 the installed capacity had reached 1,000
2907:"First coal-free day in Britain since Industrial Revolution" 2876:"Britain gets no power from coal for 'first time on record'" 1568: 1672:"World Energy Statistics | Energy Supply & Demand" 1230: 874: 732: 720: 171:
in July 2009, which aimed to generate 30% electricity from
141: 3341: 282:
Petroleum production and consumption in the United Kingdom
3529: 3438: 2693:"Digest of UK energy statistics: 60th Anniversary Report" 2384:"UK enjoyed 'greenest year for electricity ever' in 2017" 2112:"UK coal plants must close by 2025, Amber Rudd announces" 1006: 134: 106: 2258:"Dounreay Site Restoration Ltd – Prototype Fast Reactor" 460:
Britain's fleet of operational reactors consists of ten
328:
List of natural gas power stations in the United Kingdom
274:
United Kingdom oil production 1975–2012 (data from DECC)
3499: 2285:
Telegraph, published 2010-10-18, accessed 29 March 2011
1929:
Zakir-Hussain, Maryam; Singh, Namita (7 October 2022).
1589:
UK Renewable Energy Roadmap Crown copyright, July 2011
1141:, where 'waste' hot water from generating is used for 962:
By 2004, coal use in power stations had fallen to 50.5
2574:"Greg Barker: 4m homes will be solar-powered by 2020" 1850:"Latest from the Taskforce | The Peak Oil Group" 1241:. Prior to this, an experimental fusion reactor (the 1647:"Britain's Electricity Explained: 2023 Review | ESO" 1601:"BBC – Weather Centre – Climate Change – Wind Power" 1390: 1013:
TWh in 2005), generated from the following sources:
480:
in Scotland; however the last fast breeder (with 250
230:
A night view of the southeast of the UK, centred on
219:, which measures how well a country carries through 6653: 3194:"A swansong from the Energy Technologies Institute" 2527:European Photovoltaic Industry Association (2012). 2085:"Countdown to 2025: Tracking the UK coal phase out" 2048: 1981:
Gas emergency policy: Where do IEA countries stand?
1852:. Peakoiltaskforce.net. 23 May 2011. Archived from 5053:Double Glazing & Conservatory Ombudsman Scheme 4857: 4721:Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs 3163:Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council 2933:"Wind powers Britain more than gas for first time" 2874: 2110: 1928: 1692: 1194:Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council 1002:In 2020, total electricity production stood at 312 735:. This represented an increase of 500% from 1990. 8083:Glasgow International Financial Services District 7105: 2629:Beeler, Carolyn; Morrison, James (20 June 2018). 2455:"UK fires up coal power plant as gas prices soar" 2296:"Answers to your questions on energy in Scotland" 1201:electricity supply as well as energy efficiency, 814:stations in the United Kingdom accounted for 1.67 18:Energy use and conservation in the United Kingdom 8415: 3396: 3050:. Scotland.gov.uk. 25 March 2003. Archived from 3048:"Ministers confirm 40 percent renewables target" 2553: 2547: 2506:"UK wants sustained cuts to solar panel tariffs" 438:, which is planned to close at the end of 2024. 2968: 2828: 2826: 2503: 2359: 1442:2021 United Kingdom natural gas supplier crisis 1103:While in some ways limited by which powers are 177:one of the best sites in Europe for wind energy 4969:Centre for Renewable Energy Systems Technology 4771:Climate Change and Sustainable Energy Act 2006 3136:"Marine energy projects approved for Scotland" 2628: 2260:. Dounreay.com. 18 August 2008. Archived from 1477:Greenhouse gas emissions by the United Kingdom 1300:Greenhouse gas emissions by the United Kingdom 1197:includes renewable, conventional, nuclear and 677:MW of installed solar power capacity by 2020. 7091: 5540: 5140: 4683: 3382: 3264:"How can Europe wean itself off Russian gas?" 3185: 2925: 1695:"United Kingdom Energy Report, Enerdata 2012" 860:UK electricity production by source 1980–2018 2823: 2562: 2376: 1522:"Energy consumption in the UK 1970 to 2019;" 1275:, the Energy Savings Opportunity Scheme and 332:United Kingdom produced 60% of its consumed 5554: 4716:Department for Energy Security and Net Zero 4349:Timeline of the electricity supply industry 2467: 2056:"UK has first coal-free week for a century" 1735:"UK Electricity production and demand 2015" 1286:is the cheapest of all measures. Improving 7098: 7084: 5547: 5533: 5147: 5133: 5033:Association for the Conservation of Energy 3389: 3375: 3314:"United Kingdom - Countries & Regions" 3099:"New target for Scottish renewable energy" 3074:"United Kingdom - Countries & Regions" 2185:"United Kingdom - Countries & Regions" 2006:"United Kingdom - Countries & Regions" 1905:"United Kingdom - Countries & Regions" 1792:"United Kingdom - Countries & Regions" 1233:reactor is currently being constructed at 472:GW. In addition, the UK experimented with 266:Oil and gas industry in the United Kingdom 137:). Demand for electricity in 2023 was 29.6 72:Energy mix of the United Kingdom over time 3242:"ESOS: Energy Savings Opportunity Scheme" 2687: 2685: 2320:. The Scottish Parliament. Archived from 2310: 1457:Energy conservation in the United Kingdom 989: 500:, had been in financial trouble in 2004. 374:A gas leak occurred in March 2012 at the 163:emissions. One such announcement was the 3357:Map of the UK oil and gas infrastructure 2520: 2288: 1303: 1120: 1079: 1015: 993: 902: 855: 847: 844:Electricity sector in the United Kingdom 793: 756:Investigations into the exploitation of 738:The UK is importing large quantities of 630: 615: 571: 530:January 2009 with the passage of the EU 484:MWe of capacity) was shut down in 1994. 451: 277: 269: 246: 225: 148:TWh over the year), supplied through 235 126:MWh) compared to a world average of 1.92 67: 7392:2020 Withdrawal from the European Union 7332:Second Industrial Revolution 1860s–1914 5020: 4836:United Kingdom Climate Change Programme 3191: 2499: 2497: 2495: 2427: 2342: 1472:Green electricity in the United Kingdom 1092: 852:Electricity supplied (net) 1948 to 2008 665:(PV) panels, and the introduction of a 310:In October 2022, it was confirmed that 14: 8416: 4412:United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority 3032:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 2872: 2844: 2801:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 2755:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 2682: 2568: 2430:"Wind Energy Statistics – RenewableUK" 2108: 1954: 1582: 1437:2021 United Kingdom fuel supply crisis 1117:District heating § United Kingdom 914:The United Kingdom started to develop 790:Hydroelectricity in the United Kingdom 758:Geothermal power in the United Kingdom 752:Geothermal power in the United Kingdom 525:Renewable energy in the United Kingdom 386:metres of gas was escaping every day. 256:accounted for 5.6% of the energy mix. 7079: 6652: 5528: 5128: 5019: 4856: 4736:Office of Gas and Electricity Markets 4682: 4307:Isle of Man to England Interconnector 4166: 3408: 3370: 3133: 2228: 2082: 1208:Since being established in 2004, the 837: 8398: 8115:London Platinum and Palladium Market 5154: 5063:Energy efficiency in British housing 5038:British Energy Efficiency Federation 4953:Utilities Intermediaries Association 4923:Association for Decentralised Energy 4334:New Electricity Trading Arrangements 4252:Association of Electricity Producers 4051:Scottish Hydro Electric Transmission 3347:Map of United Kingdom power stations 2887:from the original on 12 January 2022 2656: 2492: 2125:from the original on 12 January 2022 1829: 1641: 1639: 1358:climate change in the United Kingdom 1315: 1259:Energy efficiency in British housing 1252: 1139:Combined heat and power (CHP) plants 953:Central Electricity Generating Board 207:aims to play a key role in limiting 197:GW to 52.7. By 2022 it reached 47.1 4557:Renewable Transport Fuel Obligation 3117:"New wind farm contracts announced" 2504:Yeganeh Torbati (9 February 2012). 1709: 1467:Energy switching services in the UK 1462:Energy policy of the United Kingdom 1031:Wind: 24.2% (0% in 1990), of which: 1020:A typical offshore oil/gas platform 971:power for the first time since the 745: 518: 448:Nuclear power in the United Kingdom 342:Renewable Transport Fuel Obligation 24: 4207:Confederation of UK Coal Producers 4167: 4128:United Downs Deep Geothermal Power 2109:Gosden, Emily (18 November 2015). 1184: 1057:Hydroelectric: 2.2% (2.6% in 1990) 975:, according to the National Grid. 869:During the 1940s, some 90% of the 766:Southampton District Energy Scheme 727:. In 2004, biofuels provided 105.9 109:) in 2019. In 2014, the UK had an 25: 8435: 8345:Confederation of British Industry 7540:Expansion plans for Milton Keynes 7203:Department for Business and Trade 7198:Competition and Markets Authority 4892:Centre for Alternative Technology 4387:Nuclear Decommissioning Authority 3335: 2939:from the original on 14 May 2023. 2652:'Hot rocks' found at cement plant 2468:Joe Wallace (13 September 2021). 2408: 2318:"Official Report 17 January 2008" 2083:Evans, Simon (10 February 2016). 1885:"What Ever Happened to Peak Oil?" 1636: 1293: 1290:helps reduce fossil gas imports. 1282:In tackling the energy trilemma, 1060:Oil and other: 3.3% (12% in 1990) 920:Calder Hall nuclear power station 645:Solar power in the United Kingdom 242: 152:TWh of UK-based generation and 24 56: Bioenergy and waste (10.5%) 50: Primary electricity (11.2%) 8397: 8388: 8387: 7240:Office for Budget Responsibility 5106: 4756:Carbon Emission Reduction Target 4475:Natural gas-fired power stations 3192:Elliott, Dave (9 January 2019). 1625:RenewableUK News website article 1421: 1407: 1393: 1320: 929:was the main reason behind this 783: 601:MW of onshore capacity and 7,897 568:Wind power in the European Union 562:Wind power in the United Kingdom 167:Transition Plan launched by the 7176:Governor of the Bank of England 6655:Countries of the United Kingdom 5755:Countries of the United Kingdom 5073:Energy Saving Trust Recommended 4887:Campaign against Climate Change 3306: 3294: 3282: 3256: 3234: 3230:Building Research Establishment 3213: 3167: 3146: 3127: 3109: 3091: 3066: 3040: 2994: 2943: 2899: 2866: 2838: 2817:"Energy Trends: UK electricity" 2809: 2763: 2717: 2713:International Energy Statistics 2706: 2645: 2622: 2604: 2586: 2461: 2447: 2421: 2402: 2336: 2276: 2250: 2202: 2177: 2163: 2137: 2102: 2076: 2023: 1998: 1986: 1974: 1948: 1922: 1897: 1877: 1868: 1842: 1823: 1809: 1784: 1758: 1744: 1727: 1686: 1110: 542:GW of installed wind capacity. 503:In October 2010, the coalition 464:at four discrete sites and one 436:Ratcliffe-on-Soar Power Station 217:Environmental Performance Index 8355:Federation of Small Businesses 5750:Counties of the United Kingdom 4858:Non-governmental organisations 4801:Energy performance certificate 4485:North Sea Transition Authority 3134:Dutta, Kunal (17 March 2010). 2343:McKenna, John (8 April 2009). 1955:Simons, Ned (7 October 2022). 1768:. Epi.yale.edu. Archived from 1664: 1618: 1593: 1561: 1539: 1514: 1489: 1051:Bio-Energy: 12.6% (0% in 1990) 1025:Gas: 35.7% (was 0.05% in 1990) 456:Heysham nuclear power stations 321: 130:tonnes of oil equivalent (22.3 122:tonnes of oil equivalent (32.3 13: 1: 8125:Alternative Investment Market 8105:London Interbank Offered Rate 8061:List of UK building societies 7107:Economy of the United Kingdom 4989:Oil Depletion Analysis Centre 4974:Energy Technologies Institute 4811:Low Carbon Building Programme 4653:North Seas Energy Cooperation 4402:Office for Nuclear Regulation 3908:TotalEnergies Gas & Power 3409: 3362:ENTSO-E Transparency Platform 2873:Gosden, Emily (10 May 2016). 2845:Stacey, Kiran (16 May 2016). 1482: 1217:Energy Technologies Institute 687:Biofuel in the United Kingdom 576:Burbo Bank Offshore Wind Farm 555: 394:million of potential income. 8424:Energy in the United Kingdom 8340:British Chambers of Commerce 8335:British Bankers' Association 6522:Universal basic income (UBI) 4781:CRC Energy Efficiency Scheme 4593:Hydroelectric power stations 4465:National Transmission System 4372:Franco-British Nuclear Forum 3398:Energy in the United Kingdom 2833:UK Energy in Brief July 2005 1723:. 4 January 2014. p. 4. 1368:, which store a total of 1.7 1273:CRC Energy Efficiency Scheme 1028:Nuclear: 16.1% (19% in 1990) 918:capacity in the 1950s, with 462:Advanced Gas-cooled Reactors 77:Energy in the United Kingdom 7: 7228:Chancellor of the Exchequer 7208:Financial Conduct Authority 6527:Water supply and sanitation 6226:Weapons of mass destruction 6211:His Majesty's Naval Service 5090:National Home Energy Rating 4933:Energy Networks Association 4643:List of offshore wind farms 4382:National Nuclear Laboratory 4367:Advanced Gas-cooled Reactor 4292:Grid Trade Master Agreement 3182:, UK Energy Research Centre 2238:. World Nuclear Association 1830:Adam, David (9 June 2010). 1452:Compulsory stock obligation 1386: 1354:Committee on Climate Change 680: 236:International Space Station 205:UK government energy policy 10: 8440: 8375:UK Payments Administration 7327:New Imperialism 1830s–1945 7151:Government-owned companies 6622:Stereotypes of the British 5048:Code for Sustainable Homes 4816:Non-Fossil Fuel Obligation 4791:Display Energy Certificate 4648:List of onshore wind farms 4015:Wales & West Utilities 3974:Western Power Distribution 3803:Engie Energy International 2428:Association, RenewableUK. 1995:The Guardian 11 March 2013 1297: 1256: 1114: 1096: 864: 841: 787: 749: 684: 642: 639:in North Yorkshire in 2017 565: 559: 522: 511:, with the backing of the 445: 441: 405: 325: 263: 8383: 8318: 8135: 8034: 7899: 7892: 7808: 7738: 7665: 7640: 7488: 7477: 7450:National champions policy 7445:Recessions and recoveries 7422: 7362:1979 Winter of Discontent 7297:1659–1849 Navigation Acts 7289: 7280: 7272:UK Trade & Investment 7181:Monetary Policy Committee 7159: 7113: 7037: 6938: 6839: 6787:First Minister and deputy 6752: 6665: 6661: 6648: 6644: 6545: 6385: 6376: 6334: 6251: 6242: 6201: 6142: 6011: 6007: 5998: 5860: 5788: 5740: 5736: 5727: 5660: 5572: 5563: 5506: 5458: 5420: 5162: 5102: 5028: 5015: 4999:UK Energy Research Centre 4961: 4938:Energy Retail Association 4915: 4867: 4863: 4852: 4744: 4693: 4689: 4684:Government and regulation 4678: 4628: 4616: 4583: 4575:Geothermal power stations 4565: 4532: 4523: 4420: 4357: 4282:Energy switching services 4242: 4192:Coal-fired power stations 4177: 4173: 4162: 4141: 4090: 4064: 4036: 4027: 3982: 3939: 3930: 3833: 3788: 3779: 3738: 3729: 3669: 3648: 3513: 3492: 3481: 3421: 3417: 3404: 3342:UK Energy Research Centre 3224:25 September 2006 at the 3157:25 September 2006 at the 2951:"UK energy in brief 2021" 2298:. The Scottish Government 2035:www.energydashboard.co.uk 1497:"UK ENERGY IN BRIEF 2021" 1329:This article needs to be 1277:Climate Change Agreements 1210:UK Energy Research Centre 1099:Energy policy of Scotland 605:MW of offshore capacity. 487:Even with changes to the 466:pressurised water reactor 425:coal-fired power stations 191:European financial crisis 7387:2009 bank rescue package 7382:2008 bank rescue package 7347:1929–39 Great Depression 7218:HM Revenue & Customs 7126:Employee-owned companies 6415:Environmental inequality 5080:Greenhouse gas emissions 4979:Met Office Hadley Centre 4826:Renewable Heat Incentive 4766:Climate Change Agreement 4711:Climate Change Committee 4500:Oil-fired power stations 4455:Greenhouse gas emissions 4392:Nuclear Liabilities Fund 4262:East–West Interconnector 4212:Greenhouse gas emissions 3303:Guardian 19 January 2017 1983:IEA 25 May 2011, figures 1693:Energy Research Estore. 1054:Solar: 4.2% (0% in 1990) 1048:Coal: 1.8% (67% in 1991) 1009:(down from a peak of 385 978:From the mid-1990s, new 802:lower reservoir, a 1,800 626:London Borough of Sutton 611: 357:Easington Catchment Area 209:greenhouse gas emissions 100:tonnes of oil equivalent 7555:List of counties by GVA 7337:1873–79 Long Depression 7302:Agricultural Revolution 7267:UK Statistics Authority 5043:Close the Door campaign 4994:Sunbury Research Centre 4761:Climate Change Act 2008 4440:Forties pipeline system 4297:Gridlink Interconnector 2616:9 December 2006 at the 2598:9 December 2006 at the 2367:"UK Renewables Q3 2019" 1651:www.nationalgrideso.com 1415:Renewable energy portal 909:Battersea Power Station 401: 390:missed out on about ÂŁ83 156:TWh of energy imports. 8365:Institute of Directors 8330:Business organisations 8255:Science and technology 8148:International students 7860:Working Time Directive 7233:Debt Management Office 6301:Science and technology 5205:Bosnia and Herzegovina 4897:National Energy Action 4658:Wind power in Scotland 4552:Renewable Fuels Agency 4542:Biofuel power stations 4397:Nuclear power stations 3964:SSE Power Distribution 3949:Electricity North West 3629:Rockhopper Exploration 3178:30 August 2006 at the 1313: 1135: 1021: 999: 990:Electricity generation 911: 871:electricity generation 861: 853: 807: 800:Dinorwig Power Station 640: 628: 577: 457: 283: 275: 259: 252: 239: 73: 8360:Industry trade groups 8120:London Stock Exchange 8110:London Metal Exchange 7877:Trades Union Congress 7570:East London Tech City 7414:Cost-of-living crisis 7352:1948–52 Marshall Plan 7307:Industrial Revolution 6278:Free trade agreements 4831:Renewables Obligation 4515:Petroleum Revenue Tax 4000:Northern Gas Networks 3808:Horizon Nuclear Power 3352:Energy Analyses in UK 3291:Guardian 16 June 2016 2935:. Drax. 10 May 2023. 1569:"National Grid: Live" 1429:United Kingdom portal 1307: 1257:Further information: 1124: 1086:Renewable electricity 1080:Renewable electricity 1019: 997: 986:generating capacity. 973:Industrial Revolution 906: 859: 851: 797: 634: 619: 575: 566:Further information: 455: 378:, where about 200,000 376:Elgin-Franklin fields 281: 273: 250: 229: 71: 8154:Entertainment & 7377:Late-2000s recession 7372:1992 Black Wednesday 7312:Financial Revolution 7141:FTSE Fledgling Index 6627:World Heritage Sites 6420:Environmental issues 6124:Female party leaders 5765:Overseas territories 4490:Offshore Energies UK 4460:Hydrocarbon Oil Duty 4312:Moyle Interconnector 4234:Open-pit coal mining 3105:. 23 September 2010. 2529:"Market Report 2011" 2264:on 24 September 2016 1549:. Data.worldbank.org 1245:) had been built at 1243:Joint European Torus 1093:Regional differences 620:Solar panels on the 549:TWh of electricity. 532:Renewables Directive 474:fast breeder reactor 221:environmental policy 7850:Equal opportunities 7455:Economic liberalism 7357:1974 Three-Day Week 7342:1926 general strike 7146:FTSE SmallCap Index 5421:States with limited 5068:Energy Saving Trust 5022:Energy conservation 4776:Climate Change Levy 4726:Energy Saving Trust 4638:Offshore wind power 4277:Electricity billing 4227:National Coal Board 4202:Coal mining regions 4005:Phoenix Natural Gas 3898:Phoenix Natural Gas 3682:Amec Foster Wheeler 2819:. 29 February 2024. 2670:on 27 November 2012 2572:(9 February 2012). 2516:on 3 December 2018. 2475:Wall Street Journal 2457:. 6 September 2021. 2434:www.renewableuk.com 2415:The Daily Telegraph 2216:. 29 September 2023 1752:"gridwatch templar" 1074:Scottish Government 1038:Onshore Wind: 11.1% 945:National Coal Board 812:hydroelectric power 624:development in the 513:Scottish Parliament 509:Scottish Government 234:, as seen from the 87:consumption in the 8265:Telecommunications 7430:Economic geography 6321:Telecommunications 6273:Economic geography 6129:Political scandals 5760:Crown Dependencies 4902:Stop Climate Chaos 4731:Environment Agency 4505:Oil infrastructure 4470:Natural gas fields 4450:Gas infrastructure 4302:HVDC Cross-Channel 4056:SP Energy Networks 3959:SP Energy Networks 3954:Northern Powergrid 3270:. 25 February 2022 3244:. The Carbon Trust 3014:on 31 October 2013 2982:on 7 November 2013 2390:. 28 December 2017 2173:. 5 February 2020. 1856:on 1 November 2019 1630:9 May 2015 at the 1314: 1205:and other topics. 1136: 1041:Offshore Wind: 13% 1022: 1000: 912: 862: 854: 838:Electricity sector 808: 760:, prompted by the 641: 629: 578: 505:British Government 458: 347:Gasfields include 284: 276: 253: 240: 184:electricity sector 111:energy consumption 74: 8411: 8410: 8314: 8313: 8093:Lloyd's of London 7804: 7803: 7776:Industrialisation 7690:Industrialisation 7473: 7472: 7402:COVID-19 pandemic 7322:1815–46 Corn Laws 7073: 7072: 7033: 7032: 7029: 7028: 7025: 7024: 6640: 6639: 6372: 6371: 6238: 6237: 6234: 6233: 6119:Political parties 6043:Foreign relations 5994: 5993: 5990: 5989: 5723: 5722: 5700:Mass surveillance 5678:Foreign relations 5611:Second World War 5522: 5521: 5156:Energy in Europe 5122: 5121: 5098: 5097: 5011: 5010: 5007: 5006: 4943:Green Power Forum 4848: 4847: 4844: 4843: 4821:Planning Act 2008 4674: 4673: 4670: 4669: 4666: 4665: 4287:Green electricity 4158: 4157: 4154: 4153: 4149: 4086: 4085: 4082: 4081: 4023: 4022: 3969:UK Power Networks 3926: 3925: 3918:Utility Warehouse 3888:Outfox the Market 3824:Vedanta Resources 3725: 3724: 3596:Melrose Resources 3589:JKX Oil & Gas 3582:Hardy Oil and Gas 3123:. 8 January 2010. 3054:on 7 October 2013 2783:on 8 October 2016 2151:. 4 February 2020 1772:on 7 October 2013 1717:"Peak Light Bulb" 1350: 1349: 1253:Energy efficiency 1177:TWh in 1991 to 49 349:Amethyst gasfield 312:UK Prime Minister 79:came mostly from 62: Coal (3.4%) 44: Oil (32.1%) 38: Gas (42.8%) 16:(Redirected from 8431: 8401: 8400: 8391: 8390: 8350:Co-operatives UK 7940:Hydroelectricity 7915:Renewable energy 7897: 7896: 7781:Renewable energy 7762: 7710:Renewable energy 7498:Atlantic Gateway 7486: 7485: 7317:Panic of 1796–97 7287: 7286: 7100: 7093: 7086: 7077: 7076: 7053: 7046: 6754:Northern Ireland 6663: 6662: 6650: 6649: 6646: 6645: 6383: 6382: 6296: 6249: 6248: 6107:House of Commons 6075:Local government 6009: 6008: 6005: 6004: 5915:Renewable energy 5900:hydroelectricity 5738: 5737: 5734: 5733: 5570: 5569: 5549: 5542: 5535: 5526: 5525: 5459:Dependencies and 5163:Sovereign states 5149: 5142: 5135: 5126: 5125: 5110: 5109: 5017: 5016: 4928:Energy Institute 4865: 4864: 4854: 4853: 4806:Fossil Fuel Levy 4691: 4690: 4680: 4679: 4585:Hydroelectricity 4530: 4529: 4175: 4174: 4164: 4163: 4143: 4108:Aquamarine Power 4034: 4033: 3937: 3936: 3786: 3785: 3736: 3735: 3553:Desire Petroleum 3536:Capricorn Energy 3490: 3489: 3419: 3418: 3406: 3405: 3391: 3384: 3377: 3368: 3367: 3329: 3328: 3326: 3324: 3310: 3304: 3298: 3292: 3286: 3280: 3279: 3277: 3275: 3260: 3254: 3253: 3251: 3249: 3238: 3232: 3217: 3211: 3210: 3208: 3206: 3189: 3183: 3171: 3165: 3150: 3144: 3143: 3131: 3125: 3124: 3113: 3107: 3106: 3095: 3089: 3088: 3086: 3084: 3070: 3064: 3063: 3061: 3059: 3044: 3038: 3037: 3031: 3023: 3021: 3019: 3013: 3007:. Archived from 3006: 2998: 2992: 2991: 2989: 2987: 2978:. Archived from 2972: 2966: 2965: 2963: 2961: 2947: 2941: 2940: 2929: 2923: 2922: 2920: 2918: 2903: 2897: 2896: 2894: 2892: 2878: 2870: 2864: 2863: 2861: 2859: 2842: 2836: 2835:, DTI statistics 2830: 2821: 2820: 2813: 2807: 2806: 2800: 2792: 2790: 2788: 2782: 2776:. Archived from 2775: 2767: 2761: 2760: 2754: 2746: 2744: 2742: 2736: 2730:. Archived from 2729: 2721: 2715: 2710: 2704: 2703: 2701: 2699: 2689: 2680: 2679: 2677: 2675: 2666:. Archived from 2660: 2654: 2649: 2643: 2642: 2640: 2638: 2633:. The World, PRI 2626: 2620: 2608: 2602: 2590: 2584: 2583: 2566: 2560: 2559: 2551: 2545: 2544: 2542: 2540: 2531:. Archived from 2524: 2518: 2517: 2512:. Archived from 2501: 2490: 2489: 2484: 2482: 2465: 2459: 2458: 2451: 2445: 2444: 2442: 2440: 2425: 2419: 2418: 2406: 2400: 2399: 2397: 2395: 2380: 2374: 2373: 2371: 2363: 2357: 2356: 2354: 2352: 2340: 2334: 2333: 2331: 2329: 2314: 2308: 2307: 2305: 2303: 2292: 2286: 2280: 2274: 2273: 2271: 2269: 2254: 2248: 2247: 2245: 2243: 2232: 2226: 2225: 2223: 2221: 2206: 2200: 2199: 2197: 2195: 2181: 2175: 2174: 2167: 2161: 2160: 2158: 2156: 2141: 2135: 2134: 2132: 2130: 2114: 2106: 2100: 2099: 2097: 2095: 2080: 2074: 2073: 2071: 2069: 2052: 2046: 2045: 2043: 2041: 2027: 2021: 2020: 2018: 2016: 2002: 1996: 1990: 1984: 1978: 1972: 1971: 1969: 1967: 1952: 1946: 1945: 1943: 1941: 1926: 1920: 1919: 1917: 1915: 1901: 1895: 1894: 1881: 1875: 1872: 1866: 1865: 1863: 1861: 1846: 1840: 1839: 1827: 1821: 1820: 1813: 1807: 1806: 1804: 1802: 1788: 1782: 1781: 1779: 1777: 1762: 1756: 1755: 1748: 1742: 1741: 1739: 1731: 1725: 1724: 1713: 1707: 1706: 1704: 1702: 1690: 1684: 1683: 1681: 1679: 1668: 1662: 1661: 1659: 1657: 1643: 1634: 1622: 1616: 1615: 1613: 1611: 1597: 1591: 1586: 1580: 1579: 1577: 1575: 1565: 1559: 1558: 1556: 1554: 1543: 1537: 1536: 1534: 1532: 1526: 1518: 1512: 1511: 1509: 1507: 1501: 1493: 1447:A Green New Deal 1431: 1426: 1425: 1424: 1417: 1412: 1411: 1403: 1398: 1397: 1372:gigatonnes of CO 1371: 1345: 1342: 1336: 1324: 1323: 1316: 1249:in Oxfordshire. 1180: 1176: 1172: 1168: 1143:district heating 1126:District heating 1071: 1066:UK energy policy 1012: 1005: 984:hydroelectricity 980:renewable energy 969: 965: 825: 820:renewable energy 817: 805: 746:Geothermal power 731:GW·h, 38% of it 730: 706: 676: 672: 656: 652: 604: 600: 587: 583: 548: 541: 519:Renewable energy 483: 476:technologies at 471: 393: 385: 381: 365:Everest gasfield 200: 196: 155: 151: 147: 140: 133: 129: 125: 121: 105: 98: 94: 61: 55: 49: 43: 37: 21: 8439: 8438: 8434: 8433: 8432: 8430: 8429: 8428: 8414: 8413: 8412: 8407: 8379: 8322: 8320: 8310: 8218:Pharmaceuticals 8131: 8046:Baltic Exchange 8037: 8030: 7902: 7888: 7810: 7800: 7756: 7734: 7661: 7643: 7636: 7481: 7479: 7469: 7465:Nationalisation 7418: 7276: 7171:Bank of England 7163: 7161: 7155: 7109: 7104: 7074: 7069: 7056: 7049: 7042: 7021: 6934: 6835: 6748: 6657: 6636: 6541: 6497:Public holidays 6477:Life expectancy 6368: 6330: 6310:London Exchange 6306:Stock exchanges 6294: 6293:Pound sterling 6261:Bank of England 6230: 6221:Royal Air Force 6197: 6138: 6070:Law enforcement 5986: 5895:hydraulic frac. 5856: 5837:Lakes and lochs 5784: 5780:Former colonies 5719: 5715:Women's history 5690:Law enforcement 5656: 5602:First World War 5559: 5553: 5523: 5518: 5502: 5460: 5454: 5440:Northern Cyprus 5422: 5416: 5337:North Macedonia 5158: 5153: 5123: 5118: 5107: 5094: 5024: 5003: 4957: 4916:Industry bodies 4911: 4870:pressure groups 4869: 4859: 4840: 4796:Energy Act 2013 4747: 4746:Legislation and 4740: 4685: 4662: 4624: 4612: 4579: 4561: 4519: 4416: 4353: 4327:Reserve Service 4238: 4169: 4150: 4137: 4078: 4060: 4019: 3978: 3922: 3829: 3781: 3775: 3721: 3697:John Wood Group 3665: 3661:Murco Petroleum 3644: 3622:Regal Petroleum 3515: 3509: 3484: 3477: 3413: 3400: 3395: 3338: 3333: 3332: 3322: 3320: 3312: 3311: 3307: 3299: 3295: 3287: 3283: 3273: 3271: 3262: 3261: 3257: 3247: 3245: 3240: 3239: 3235: 3226:Wayback Machine 3218: 3214: 3204: 3202: 3190: 3186: 3180:Wayback Machine 3172: 3168: 3159:Wayback Machine 3151: 3147: 3140:The Independent 3132: 3128: 3115: 3114: 3110: 3097: 3096: 3092: 3082: 3080: 3072: 3071: 3067: 3057: 3055: 3046: 3045: 3041: 3025: 3024: 3017: 3015: 3011: 3004: 3002:"Archived copy" 3000: 2999: 2995: 2985: 2983: 2974: 2973: 2969: 2959: 2957: 2949: 2948: 2944: 2931: 2930: 2926: 2916: 2914: 2913:. 22 April 2017 2905: 2904: 2900: 2890: 2888: 2871: 2867: 2857: 2855: 2852:Financial Times 2843: 2839: 2831: 2824: 2815: 2814: 2810: 2794: 2793: 2786: 2784: 2780: 2773: 2771:"Archived copy" 2769: 2768: 2764: 2748: 2747: 2740: 2738: 2734: 2727: 2725:"Archived copy" 2723: 2722: 2718: 2711: 2707: 2697: 2695: 2691: 2690: 2683: 2673: 2671: 2662: 2661: 2657: 2650: 2646: 2636: 2634: 2627: 2623: 2618:Wayback Machine 2609: 2605: 2600:Wayback Machine 2591: 2587: 2579:TheGuardian.com 2567: 2563: 2552: 2548: 2538: 2536: 2525: 2521: 2502: 2493: 2480: 2478: 2466: 2462: 2453: 2452: 2448: 2438: 2436: 2426: 2422: 2407: 2403: 2393: 2391: 2382: 2381: 2377: 2369: 2365: 2364: 2360: 2350: 2348: 2341: 2337: 2327: 2325: 2324:on 20 June 2009 2316: 2315: 2311: 2301: 2299: 2294: 2293: 2289: 2281: 2277: 2267: 2265: 2256: 2255: 2251: 2241: 2239: 2234: 2233: 2229: 2219: 2217: 2208: 2207: 2203: 2193: 2191: 2183: 2182: 2178: 2169: 2168: 2164: 2154: 2152: 2143: 2142: 2138: 2128: 2126: 2118:The Independent 2107: 2103: 2093: 2091: 2081: 2077: 2067: 2065: 2061:BBC News Online 2054: 2053: 2049: 2039: 2037: 2029: 2028: 2024: 2014: 2012: 2004: 2003: 1999: 1991: 1987: 1979: 1975: 1965: 1963: 1953: 1949: 1939: 1937: 1935:The Independent 1927: 1923: 1913: 1911: 1903: 1902: 1898: 1883: 1882: 1878: 1873: 1869: 1859: 1857: 1848: 1847: 1843: 1828: 1824: 1815: 1814: 1810: 1800: 1798: 1790: 1789: 1785: 1775: 1773: 1764: 1763: 1759: 1750: 1749: 1745: 1737: 1733: 1732: 1728: 1715: 1714: 1710: 1700: 1698: 1691: 1687: 1677: 1675: 1670: 1669: 1665: 1655: 1653: 1645: 1644: 1637: 1632:Wayback Machine 1623: 1619: 1609: 1607: 1599: 1598: 1594: 1587: 1583: 1573: 1571: 1567: 1566: 1562: 1552: 1550: 1545: 1544: 1540: 1530: 1528: 1524: 1520: 1519: 1515: 1505: 1503: 1499: 1495: 1494: 1490: 1485: 1427: 1422: 1420: 1413: 1406: 1399: 1392: 1389: 1375: 1369: 1346: 1340: 1337: 1334: 1325: 1321: 1308:Development of 1302: 1296: 1288:home insulation 1261: 1255: 1187: 1185:Energy research 1178: 1174: 1170: 1166: 1119: 1113: 1101: 1095: 1082: 1069: 1010: 1003: 992: 967: 963: 887:nationalisation 867: 846: 840: 829:There are also 823: 815: 803: 792: 786: 762:1973 oil crisis 754: 748: 728: 704: 689: 683: 674: 670: 654: 650: 647: 635:Solar farm and 614: 602: 598: 585: 581: 570: 564: 558: 546: 539: 527: 521: 489:planning system 481: 469: 450: 444: 410: 404: 391: 383: 379: 353:Armada gasfield 330: 324: 297:Richard Branson 268: 262: 245: 198: 194: 153: 149: 145: 144:on average (259 138: 131: 127: 123: 119: 103: 96: 92: 83:in 2021. Total 66: 65: 64: 63: 59: 57: 53: 51: 47: 45: 41: 39: 35: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 8437: 8427: 8426: 8409: 8408: 8406: 8405: 8395: 8384: 8381: 8380: 8378: 8377: 8372: 8367: 8362: 8357: 8352: 8347: 8342: 8337: 8332: 8326: 8324: 8316: 8315: 8312: 8311: 8309: 8308: 8307: 8306: 8305: 8304: 8299: 8289: 8279: 8274: 8269: 8268: 8267: 8262: 8252: 8251: 8250: 8245: 8240: 8235: 8227: 8226: 8225: 8220: 8215: 8210: 8200: 8198:Legal services 8195: 8190: 8189: 8188: 8183: 8178: 8173: 8168: 8163: 8152: 8151: 8150: 8139: 8137: 8133: 8132: 8130: 8129: 8128: 8127: 8117: 8112: 8107: 8102: 8097: 8096: 8095: 8085: 8080: 8078:Euronext.liffe 8075: 8070: 8065: 8064: 8063: 8058: 8048: 8042: 8040: 8032: 8031: 8029: 8028: 8027: 8026: 8021: 8013: 8012: 8011: 8010: 8009: 8004: 7999: 7991: 7990: 7989: 7984: 7979: 7964: 7963: 7962: 7957: 7952: 7947: 7942: 7937: 7932: 7927: 7922: 7907: 7905: 7894: 7890: 7889: 7887: 7886: 7881: 7880: 7879: 7869: 7864: 7863: 7862: 7857: 7852: 7842: 7841: 7840: 7830: 7825: 7823:Businesspeople 7820: 7814: 7812: 7806: 7805: 7802: 7801: 7799: 7798: 7793: 7788: 7783: 7778: 7773: 7768: 7763: 7750: 7744: 7742: 7736: 7735: 7733: 7732: 7727: 7722: 7717: 7712: 7707: 7702: 7697: 7692: 7687: 7682: 7677: 7671: 7669: 7663: 7662: 7660: 7659: 7654: 7648: 7646: 7638: 7637: 7635: 7634: 7629: 7624: 7619: 7617:Thames Gateway 7614: 7609: 7604: 7599: 7594: 7589: 7584: 7579: 7578: 7577: 7572: 7562: 7557: 7552: 7547: 7542: 7537: 7532: 7527: 7522: 7517: 7512: 7511: 7510: 7500: 7494: 7492: 7483: 7475: 7474: 7471: 7470: 7468: 7467: 7462: 7457: 7452: 7447: 7442: 7437: 7432: 7426: 7424: 7420: 7419: 7417: 7416: 7411: 7410: 7409: 7399: 7389: 7384: 7379: 7374: 7369: 7364: 7359: 7354: 7349: 7344: 7339: 7334: 7329: 7324: 7319: 7314: 7309: 7304: 7299: 7293: 7291: 7284: 7278: 7277: 7275: 7274: 7269: 7264: 7259: 7258: 7257: 7252: 7245:Pound sterling 7242: 7237: 7236: 7235: 7230: 7220: 7215: 7210: 7205: 7200: 7195: 7190: 7185: 7184: 7183: 7178: 7167: 7165: 7157: 7156: 7154: 7153: 7148: 7143: 7138: 7136:FTSE 250 Index 7133: 7131:FTSE 100 Index 7128: 7123: 7117: 7115: 7111: 7110: 7103: 7102: 7095: 7088: 7080: 7071: 7070: 7068: 7067: 7062: 7055: 7054: 7047: 7039: 7038: 7035: 7034: 7031: 7030: 7027: 7026: 7023: 7022: 7020: 7019: 7014: 7009: 7004: 6999: 6994: 6993: 6992: 6982: 6977: 6976: 6975: 6973:First Minister 6970: 6965: 6955: 6950: 6944: 6942: 6936: 6935: 6933: 6932: 6927: 6922: 6917: 6912: 6907: 6902: 6901: 6900: 6890: 6885: 6884: 6883: 6881:First Minister 6878: 6873: 6863: 6858: 6857: 6856: 6845: 6843: 6837: 6836: 6834: 6833: 6828: 6823: 6818: 6813: 6808: 6807: 6806: 6796: 6791: 6790: 6789: 6784: 6779: 6769: 6764: 6758: 6756: 6750: 6749: 6747: 6746: 6741: 6736: 6731: 6726: 6721: 6716: 6715: 6714: 6704: 6699: 6694: 6689: 6688: 6687: 6682: 6671: 6669: 6659: 6658: 6642: 6641: 6638: 6637: 6635: 6634: 6629: 6624: 6619: 6614: 6609: 6604: 6599: 6594: 6589: 6584: 6579: 6578: 6577: 6567: 6562: 6557: 6551: 6549: 6543: 6542: 6540: 6539: 6534: 6529: 6524: 6519: 6514: 6509: 6504: 6499: 6494: 6489: 6484: 6479: 6474: 6469: 6464: 6459: 6454: 6449: 6448: 6447: 6442: 6432: 6427: 6422: 6417: 6412: 6407: 6402: 6397: 6392: 6386: 6380: 6374: 6373: 6370: 6369: 6367: 6366: 6364:Rail transport 6361: 6356: 6351: 6346: 6340: 6338: 6332: 6331: 6329: 6328: 6323: 6318: 6313: 6303: 6298: 6290: 6285: 6280: 6275: 6270: 6265: 6264: 6263: 6252: 6246: 6240: 6239: 6236: 6235: 6232: 6231: 6229: 6228: 6223: 6218: 6213: 6207: 6205: 6199: 6198: 6196: 6195: 6194: 6193: 6186:Prime Minister 6183: 6182: 6181: 6171: 6166: 6161: 6160: 6159: 6148: 6146: 6140: 6139: 6137: 6136: 6134:Shadow Cabinet 6131: 6126: 6121: 6116: 6115: 6114: 6112:House of Lords 6109: 6099: 6094: 6093: 6092: 6087: 6077: 6072: 6067: 6062: 6057: 6056: 6055: 6045: 6040: 6039: 6038: 6028: 6023: 6018: 6012: 6002: 5996: 5995: 5992: 5991: 5988: 5987: 5985: 5984: 5983: 5982: 5977: 5969: 5968: 5967: 5962: 5954: 5949: 5948: 5947: 5942: 5937: 5929: 5928: 5927: 5922: 5917: 5912: 5907: 5902: 5897: 5892: 5887: 5882: 5872: 5866: 5864: 5858: 5857: 5855: 5854: 5849: 5844: 5839: 5834: 5829: 5824: 5823: 5822: 5812: 5811: 5810: 5805: 5794: 5792: 5786: 5785: 5783: 5782: 5777: 5772: 5767: 5762: 5757: 5752: 5746: 5744: 5742:Administrative 5731: 5725: 5724: 5721: 5720: 5718: 5717: 5712: 5707: 5702: 5697: 5692: 5687: 5686: 5685: 5675: 5670: 5664: 5662: 5658: 5657: 5655: 5654: 5653: 5652: 5647: 5639: 5638: 5637: 5632: 5624: 5623: 5622: 5617: 5609: 5604: 5599: 5594: 5589: 5584: 5578: 5576: 5567: 5561: 5560: 5558: articles 5556:United Kingdom 5552: 5551: 5544: 5537: 5529: 5520: 5519: 5517: 5516: 5514:European Union 5510: 5508: 5507:Other entities 5504: 5503: 5501: 5500: 5495: 5490: 5485: 5480: 5475: 5470: 5464: 5462: 5461:other entities 5456: 5455: 5453: 5452: 5447: 5442: 5437: 5432: 5426: 5424: 5418: 5417: 5415: 5414: 5412:United Kingdom 5409: 5404: 5399: 5394: 5389: 5384: 5379: 5374: 5369: 5364: 5359: 5354: 5349: 5344: 5339: 5334: 5329: 5324: 5319: 5314: 5309: 5304: 5299: 5294: 5289: 5284: 5279: 5277: 5272: 5267: 5262: 5257: 5252: 5247: 5242: 5237: 5232: 5227: 5225:Czech Republic 5222: 5217: 5212: 5207: 5202: 5197: 5192: 5187: 5182: 5177: 5172: 5166: 5164: 5160: 5159: 5152: 5151: 5144: 5137: 5129: 5120: 5119: 5117: 5116: 5103: 5100: 5099: 5096: 5095: 5093: 5092: 5087: 5082: 5077: 5076: 5075: 5065: 5060: 5055: 5050: 5045: 5040: 5035: 5029: 5026: 5025: 5013: 5012: 5009: 5008: 5005: 5004: 5002: 5001: 4996: 4991: 4986: 4981: 4976: 4971: 4965: 4963: 4959: 4958: 4956: 4955: 4950: 4945: 4940: 4935: 4930: 4925: 4919: 4917: 4913: 4912: 4910: 4909: 4907:Tyndall Centre 4904: 4899: 4894: 4889: 4884: 4879: 4873: 4871: 4861: 4860: 4850: 4849: 4846: 4845: 4842: 4841: 4839: 4838: 4833: 4828: 4823: 4818: 4813: 4808: 4803: 4798: 4793: 4788: 4783: 4778: 4773: 4768: 4763: 4758: 4752: 4750: 4742: 4741: 4739: 4738: 4733: 4728: 4723: 4718: 4713: 4708: 4703: 4697: 4695: 4687: 4686: 4676: 4675: 4672: 4671: 4668: 4667: 4664: 4663: 4661: 4660: 4655: 4650: 4645: 4640: 4634: 4632: 4626: 4625: 4622: 4620: 4614: 4613: 4611: 4610: 4605: 4603:Severn Barrage 4600: 4598:Mersey Barrage 4595: 4589: 4587: 4581: 4580: 4578: 4577: 4571: 4569: 4563: 4562: 4560: 4559: 4554: 4549: 4544: 4538: 4536: 4527: 4521: 4520: 4518: 4517: 4512: 4510:Oil refineries 4507: 4502: 4497: 4492: 4487: 4482: 4477: 4472: 4467: 4462: 4457: 4452: 4447: 4442: 4437: 4432: 4426: 4424: 4418: 4417: 4415: 4414: 4409: 4404: 4399: 4394: 4389: 4384: 4379: 4374: 4369: 4363: 4361: 4355: 4354: 4352: 4351: 4346: 4344:Power stations 4341: 4339:North Sea Link 4336: 4331: 4330: 4329: 4324: 4314: 4309: 4304: 4299: 4294: 4289: 4284: 4279: 4274: 4269: 4264: 4259: 4254: 4248: 4246: 4240: 4239: 4237: 4236: 4231: 4230: 4229: 4224: 4222:miners' strike 4214: 4209: 4204: 4199: 4194: 4189: 4187:Coal Authority 4183: 4181: 4171: 4170: 4168:Energy sources 4160: 4159: 4156: 4155: 4152: 4151: 4142: 4139: 4138: 4136: 4135: 4130: 4125: 4120: 4115: 4110: 4105: 4100: 4094: 4092: 4088: 4087: 4084: 4083: 4080: 4079: 4077: 4076: 4070: 4068: 4062: 4061: 4059: 4058: 4053: 4048: 4042: 4040: 4031: 4025: 4024: 4021: 4020: 4018: 4017: 4012: 4007: 4002: 3997: 3992: 3986: 3984: 3980: 3979: 3977: 3976: 3971: 3966: 3961: 3956: 3951: 3945: 3943: 3934: 3928: 3927: 3924: 3923: 3921: 3920: 3915: 3913:Utilita Energy 3910: 3905: 3900: 3895: 3890: 3885: 3880: 3878:Octopus Energy 3875: 3870: 3865: 3860: 3855: 3850: 3848:Bristol Energy 3845: 3839: 3837: 3831: 3830: 3828: 3827: 3820: 3815: 3810: 3805: 3800: 3794: 3792: 3783: 3777: 3776: 3774: 3773: 3768: 3763: 3758: 3753: 3748: 3742: 3740: 3733: 3727: 3726: 3723: 3722: 3720: 3719: 3714: 3709: 3704: 3699: 3694: 3689: 3684: 3679: 3673: 3671: 3667: 3666: 3664: 3663: 3658: 3652: 3650: 3646: 3645: 3643: 3642: 3637: 3632: 3625: 3618: 3611: 3606: 3599: 3592: 3585: 3578: 3576:Harbour Energy 3573: 3568: 3563: 3560:Emerald Energy 3556: 3549: 3547:Dana Petroleum 3544: 3539: 3532: 3527: 3519: 3517: 3516:and production 3511: 3510: 3508: 3507: 3502: 3496: 3494: 3487: 3479: 3478: 3476: 3475: 3470: 3463: 3456: 3449: 3442: 3435: 3432:Anglo American 3427: 3425: 3415: 3414: 3402: 3401: 3394: 3393: 3386: 3379: 3371: 3365: 3364: 3359: 3354: 3349: 3344: 3337: 3336:External links 3334: 3331: 3330: 3305: 3293: 3281: 3255: 3233: 3212: 3184: 3166: 3145: 3126: 3108: 3090: 3065: 3039: 2993: 2967: 2942: 2924: 2898: 2865: 2837: 2822: 2808: 2762: 2737:on 3 July 2016 2716: 2705: 2681: 2655: 2644: 2621: 2603: 2585: 2561: 2546: 2535:on 2 July 2014 2519: 2491: 2460: 2446: 2420: 2409:Daley, Janet. 2401: 2375: 2358: 2335: 2309: 2287: 2275: 2249: 2227: 2201: 2176: 2162: 2136: 2101: 2075: 2047: 2022: 1997: 1985: 1973: 1947: 1921: 1896: 1876: 1867: 1841: 1822: 1808: 1783: 1757: 1743: 1740:. p. 124. 1726: 1708: 1697:. Enerdata.net 1685: 1663: 1635: 1617: 1592: 1581: 1560: 1538: 1513: 1487: 1486: 1484: 1481: 1480: 1479: 1474: 1469: 1464: 1459: 1454: 1449: 1444: 1439: 1433: 1432: 1418: 1404: 1388: 1385: 1373: 1348: 1347: 1328: 1326: 1319: 1310:carbon dioxide 1295: 1294:Climate change 1292: 1269:the Green Deal 1254: 1251: 1239:European Union 1186: 1183: 1115:Main article: 1112: 1109: 1094: 1091: 1081: 1078: 1062: 1061: 1058: 1055: 1052: 1049: 1045: 1044: 1043: 1042: 1039: 1033: 1032: 1029: 1026: 991: 988: 866: 863: 842:Main article: 839: 836: 831:pumped-storage 788:Main article: 785: 782: 750:Main article: 747: 744: 685:Main article: 682: 679: 667:Feed-in tariff 643:Main article: 613: 610: 560:Main article: 557: 554: 523:Main article: 520: 517: 498:British Energy 446:Main article: 443: 440: 414:Hinton Heavies 403: 400: 323: 320: 264:Main article: 261: 258: 244: 243:Energy sources 241: 232:Greater London 169:Brown ministry 161:carbon dioxide 89:United Kingdom 58: 52: 46: 40: 34: 30: 29: 28: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8436: 8425: 8422: 8421: 8419: 8404: 8396: 8394: 8386: 8385: 8382: 8376: 8373: 8371: 8368: 8366: 8363: 8361: 8358: 8356: 8353: 8351: 8348: 8346: 8343: 8341: 8338: 8336: 8333: 8331: 8328: 8327: 8325: 8323:organisations 8317: 8303: 8300: 8298: 8295: 8294: 8293: 8290: 8288: 8285: 8284: 8283: 8280: 8278: 8275: 8273: 8270: 8266: 8263: 8261: 8258: 8257: 8256: 8253: 8249: 8246: 8244: 8241: 8239: 8236: 8234: 8231: 8230: 8228: 8224: 8221: 8219: 8216: 8214: 8211: 8209: 8206: 8205: 8204: 8203:Manufacturing 8201: 8199: 8196: 8194: 8191: 8187: 8184: 8182: 8179: 8177: 8174: 8172: 8169: 8167: 8164: 8162: 8159: 8158: 8157: 8153: 8149: 8146: 8145: 8144: 8141: 8140: 8138: 8134: 8126: 8123: 8122: 8121: 8118: 8116: 8113: 8111: 8108: 8106: 8103: 8101: 8098: 8094: 8091: 8090: 8089: 8086: 8084: 8081: 8079: 8076: 8074: 8071: 8069: 8066: 8062: 8059: 8057: 8056:List of banks 8054: 8053: 8052: 8049: 8047: 8044: 8043: 8041: 8039: 8033: 8025: 8022: 8020: 8017: 8016: 8014: 8008: 8005: 8003: 8000: 7998: 7995: 7994: 7992: 7988: 7985: 7983: 7980: 7978: 7975: 7974: 7973: 7970: 7969: 7968: 7965: 7961: 7958: 7956: 7953: 7951: 7950:North Sea oil 7948: 7946: 7943: 7941: 7938: 7936: 7933: 7931: 7928: 7926: 7923: 7921: 7918: 7917: 7916: 7912: 7909: 7908: 7906: 7904: 7898: 7895: 7891: 7885: 7882: 7878: 7875: 7874: 7873: 7872:Trades unions 7870: 7868: 7865: 7861: 7858: 7856: 7853: 7851: 7848: 7847: 7846: 7843: 7839: 7836: 7835: 7834: 7831: 7829: 7826: 7824: 7821: 7819: 7816: 7815: 7813: 7807: 7797: 7794: 7792: 7789: 7787: 7784: 7782: 7779: 7777: 7774: 7772: 7769: 7767: 7764: 7760: 7754: 7751: 7749: 7746: 7745: 7743: 7741: 7737: 7731: 7728: 7726: 7723: 7721: 7718: 7716: 7713: 7711: 7708: 7706: 7703: 7701: 7698: 7696: 7693: 7691: 7688: 7686: 7683: 7681: 7678: 7676: 7673: 7672: 7670: 7668: 7664: 7658: 7655: 7653: 7650: 7649: 7647: 7645: 7639: 7633: 7630: 7628: 7625: 7623: 7620: 7618: 7615: 7613: 7610: 7608: 7605: 7603: 7600: 7598: 7595: 7593: 7590: 7588: 7585: 7583: 7580: 7576: 7573: 7571: 7568: 7567: 7566: 7563: 7561: 7558: 7556: 7553: 7551: 7548: 7546: 7543: 7541: 7538: 7536: 7533: 7531: 7528: 7526: 7523: 7521: 7518: 7516: 7513: 7509: 7508:Big City Plan 7506: 7505: 7504: 7501: 7499: 7496: 7495: 7493: 7491: 7487: 7484: 7476: 7466: 7463: 7461: 7460:Privatisation 7458: 7456: 7453: 7451: 7448: 7446: 7443: 7441: 7440:Gold standard 7438: 7436: 7433: 7431: 7428: 7427: 7425: 7421: 7415: 7412: 7408: 7405: 7404: 7403: 7400: 7397: 7393: 7390: 7388: 7385: 7383: 7380: 7378: 7375: 7373: 7370: 7368: 7367:1986 Big Bang 7365: 7363: 7360: 7358: 7355: 7353: 7350: 7348: 7345: 7343: 7340: 7338: 7335: 7333: 7330: 7328: 7325: 7323: 7320: 7318: 7315: 7313: 7310: 7308: 7305: 7303: 7300: 7298: 7295: 7294: 7292: 7290:Chronological 7288: 7285: 7283: 7279: 7273: 7270: 7268: 7265: 7263: 7260: 7256: 7253: 7251: 7248: 7247: 7246: 7243: 7241: 7238: 7234: 7231: 7229: 7226: 7225: 7224: 7221: 7219: 7216: 7214: 7211: 7209: 7206: 7204: 7201: 7199: 7196: 7194: 7191: 7189: 7186: 7182: 7179: 7177: 7174: 7173: 7172: 7169: 7168: 7166: 7158: 7152: 7149: 7147: 7144: 7142: 7139: 7137: 7134: 7132: 7129: 7127: 7124: 7122: 7121:Co-operatives 7119: 7118: 7116: 7112: 7108: 7101: 7096: 7094: 7089: 7087: 7082: 7081: 7078: 7066: 7063: 7061: 7058: 7057: 7052: 7048: 7045: 7041: 7040: 7036: 7018: 7015: 7013: 7010: 7008: 7005: 7003: 7000: 6998: 6995: 6991: 6988: 6987: 6986: 6983: 6981: 6978: 6974: 6971: 6969: 6966: 6964: 6961: 6960: 6959: 6956: 6954: 6951: 6949: 6946: 6945: 6943: 6941: 6937: 6931: 6928: 6926: 6923: 6921: 6918: 6916: 6913: 6911: 6908: 6906: 6903: 6899: 6896: 6895: 6894: 6891: 6889: 6886: 6882: 6879: 6877: 6874: 6872: 6869: 6868: 6867: 6864: 6862: 6859: 6855: 6852: 6851: 6850: 6847: 6846: 6844: 6842: 6838: 6832: 6829: 6827: 6824: 6822: 6819: 6817: 6814: 6812: 6809: 6805: 6802: 6801: 6800: 6797: 6795: 6792: 6788: 6785: 6783: 6780: 6778: 6775: 6774: 6773: 6770: 6768: 6765: 6763: 6760: 6759: 6757: 6755: 6751: 6745: 6742: 6740: 6737: 6735: 6732: 6730: 6727: 6725: 6722: 6720: 6717: 6713: 6710: 6709: 6708: 6705: 6703: 6700: 6698: 6695: 6693: 6690: 6686: 6683: 6681: 6678: 6677: 6676: 6673: 6672: 6670: 6668: 6664: 6660: 6656: 6651: 6647: 6643: 6633: 6630: 6628: 6625: 6623: 6620: 6618: 6615: 6613: 6610: 6608: 6605: 6603: 6600: 6598: 6595: 6593: 6590: 6588: 6585: 6583: 6580: 6576: 6573: 6572: 6571: 6568: 6566: 6563: 6561: 6558: 6556: 6553: 6552: 6550: 6548: 6544: 6538: 6537:Welfare state 6535: 6533: 6530: 6528: 6525: 6523: 6520: 6518: 6515: 6513: 6510: 6508: 6505: 6503: 6500: 6498: 6495: 6493: 6490: 6488: 6485: 6483: 6482:Mental health 6480: 6478: 6475: 6473: 6470: 6468: 6465: 6463: 6460: 6458: 6455: 6453: 6450: 6446: 6443: 6441: 6438: 6437: 6436: 6433: 6431: 6428: 6426: 6425:Ethnic groups 6423: 6421: 6418: 6416: 6413: 6411: 6408: 6406: 6403: 6401: 6398: 6396: 6393: 6391: 6388: 6387: 6384: 6381: 6379: 6375: 6365: 6362: 6360: 6357: 6355: 6352: 6350: 6349:Bus transport 6347: 6345: 6344:Air transport 6342: 6341: 6339: 6337: 6333: 6327: 6324: 6322: 6319: 6317: 6314: 6311: 6307: 6304: 6302: 6299: 6297: 6291: 6289: 6288:Manufacturing 6286: 6284: 6281: 6279: 6276: 6274: 6271: 6269: 6266: 6262: 6259: 6258: 6257: 6254: 6253: 6250: 6247: 6245: 6241: 6227: 6224: 6222: 6219: 6217: 6214: 6212: 6209: 6208: 6206: 6204: 6200: 6192: 6189: 6188: 6187: 6184: 6180: 6177: 6176: 6175: 6172: 6170: 6167: 6165: 6164:Civil service 6162: 6158: 6155: 6154: 6153: 6150: 6149: 6147: 6145: 6141: 6135: 6132: 6130: 6127: 6125: 6122: 6120: 6117: 6113: 6110: 6108: 6105: 6104: 6103: 6100: 6098: 6095: 6091: 6090:republicanism 6088: 6086: 6083: 6082: 6081: 6078: 6076: 6073: 6071: 6068: 6066: 6063: 6061: 6058: 6054: 6051: 6050: 6049: 6046: 6044: 6041: 6037: 6034: 6033: 6032: 6029: 6027: 6024: 6022: 6019: 6017: 6014: 6013: 6010: 6006: 6003: 6001: 5997: 5981: 5978: 5976: 5973: 5972: 5970: 5966: 5963: 5961: 5958: 5957: 5955: 5953: 5950: 5946: 5943: 5941: 5938: 5936: 5933: 5932: 5930: 5926: 5923: 5921: 5918: 5916: 5913: 5911: 5910:North Sea oil 5908: 5906: 5903: 5901: 5898: 5896: 5893: 5891: 5888: 5886: 5883: 5881: 5878: 5877: 5876: 5873: 5871: 5868: 5867: 5865: 5863: 5859: 5853: 5850: 5848: 5845: 5843: 5840: 5838: 5835: 5833: 5830: 5828: 5825: 5821: 5818: 5817: 5816: 5813: 5809: 5808:Great Britain 5806: 5804: 5801: 5800: 5799: 5798:British Isles 5796: 5795: 5793: 5791: 5787: 5781: 5778: 5776: 5773: 5771: 5768: 5766: 5763: 5761: 5758: 5756: 5753: 5751: 5748: 5747: 5745: 5743: 5739: 5735: 5732: 5730: 5726: 5716: 5713: 5711: 5708: 5706: 5703: 5701: 5698: 5696: 5693: 5691: 5688: 5684: 5681: 5680: 5679: 5676: 5674: 5671: 5669: 5666: 5665: 5663: 5659: 5651: 5648: 5646: 5643: 5642: 5640: 5636: 5633: 5631: 5628: 5627: 5625: 5621: 5618: 5616: 5613: 5612: 5610: 5608: 5605: 5603: 5600: 5598: 5597:Edwardian era 5595: 5593: 5592:Victorian era 5590: 5588: 5585: 5583: 5580: 5579: 5577: 5575: 5571: 5568: 5566: 5562: 5557: 5550: 5545: 5543: 5538: 5536: 5531: 5530: 5527: 5515: 5512: 5511: 5509: 5505: 5499: 5496: 5494: 5491: 5489: 5486: 5484: 5481: 5479: 5476: 5474: 5473:Faroe Islands 5471: 5469: 5466: 5465: 5463: 5457: 5451: 5448: 5446: 5445:South Ossetia 5443: 5441: 5438: 5436: 5433: 5431: 5428: 5427: 5425: 5419: 5413: 5410: 5408: 5405: 5403: 5400: 5398: 5395: 5393: 5390: 5388: 5385: 5383: 5380: 5378: 5375: 5373: 5370: 5368: 5365: 5363: 5360: 5358: 5355: 5353: 5350: 5348: 5345: 5343: 5340: 5338: 5335: 5333: 5330: 5328: 5325: 5323: 5320: 5318: 5315: 5313: 5310: 5308: 5305: 5303: 5300: 5298: 5297:Liechtenstein 5295: 5293: 5290: 5288: 5285: 5283: 5280: 5278: 5276: 5273: 5271: 5268: 5266: 5263: 5261: 5258: 5256: 5253: 5251: 5248: 5246: 5243: 5241: 5238: 5236: 5233: 5231: 5228: 5226: 5223: 5221: 5218: 5216: 5213: 5211: 5208: 5206: 5203: 5201: 5198: 5196: 5193: 5191: 5188: 5186: 5183: 5181: 5178: 5176: 5173: 5171: 5168: 5167: 5165: 5161: 5157: 5150: 5145: 5143: 5138: 5136: 5131: 5130: 5127: 5115: 5114: 5105: 5104: 5101: 5091: 5088: 5086: 5083: 5081: 5078: 5074: 5071: 5070: 5069: 5066: 5064: 5061: 5059: 5056: 5054: 5051: 5049: 5046: 5044: 5041: 5039: 5036: 5034: 5031: 5030: 5027: 5023: 5018: 5014: 5000: 4997: 4995: 4992: 4990: 4987: 4985: 4982: 4980: 4977: 4975: 4972: 4970: 4967: 4966: 4964: 4960: 4954: 4951: 4949: 4946: 4944: 4941: 4939: 4936: 4934: 4931: 4929: 4926: 4924: 4921: 4920: 4918: 4914: 4908: 4905: 4903: 4900: 4898: 4895: 4893: 4890: 4888: 4885: 4883: 4880: 4878: 4875: 4874: 4872: 4868:Charities and 4866: 4862: 4855: 4851: 4837: 4834: 4832: 4829: 4827: 4824: 4822: 4819: 4817: 4814: 4812: 4809: 4807: 4804: 4802: 4799: 4797: 4794: 4792: 4789: 4787: 4784: 4782: 4779: 4777: 4774: 4772: 4769: 4767: 4764: 4762: 4759: 4757: 4754: 4753: 4751: 4749: 4743: 4737: 4734: 4732: 4729: 4727: 4724: 4722: 4719: 4717: 4714: 4712: 4709: 4707: 4704: 4702: 4699: 4698: 4696: 4694:Organisations 4692: 4688: 4681: 4677: 4659: 4656: 4654: 4651: 4649: 4646: 4644: 4641: 4639: 4636: 4635: 4633: 4631: 4627: 4621: 4619: 4615: 4609: 4606: 4604: 4601: 4599: 4596: 4594: 4591: 4590: 4588: 4586: 4582: 4576: 4573: 4572: 4570: 4568: 4564: 4558: 4555: 4553: 4550: 4548: 4545: 4543: 4540: 4539: 4537: 4535: 4531: 4528: 4526: 4522: 4516: 4513: 4511: 4508: 4506: 4503: 4501: 4498: 4496: 4493: 4491: 4488: 4486: 4483: 4481: 4480:North Sea oil 4478: 4476: 4473: 4471: 4468: 4466: 4463: 4461: 4458: 4456: 4453: 4451: 4448: 4446: 4445:Fuel protests 4443: 4441: 4438: 4436: 4433: 4431: 4428: 4427: 4425: 4423: 4419: 4413: 4410: 4408: 4405: 4403: 4400: 4398: 4395: 4393: 4390: 4388: 4385: 4383: 4380: 4378: 4375: 4373: 4370: 4368: 4365: 4364: 4362: 4360: 4356: 4350: 4347: 4345: 4342: 4340: 4337: 4335: 4332: 4328: 4325: 4323: 4320: 4319: 4318: 4317:National Grid 4315: 4313: 4310: 4308: 4305: 4303: 4300: 4298: 4295: 4293: 4290: 4288: 4285: 4283: 4280: 4278: 4275: 4273: 4270: 4268: 4265: 4263: 4260: 4258: 4255: 4253: 4250: 4249: 4247: 4245: 4241: 4235: 4232: 4228: 4225: 4223: 4220: 4219: 4218: 4215: 4213: 4210: 4208: 4205: 4203: 4200: 4198: 4195: 4193: 4190: 4188: 4185: 4184: 4182: 4180: 4176: 4172: 4165: 4161: 4147: 4140: 4134: 4131: 4129: 4126: 4124: 4121: 4119: 4116: 4114: 4111: 4109: 4106: 4104: 4101: 4099: 4096: 4095: 4093: 4089: 4075: 4074:National Grid 4072: 4071: 4069: 4067: 4063: 4057: 4054: 4052: 4049: 4047: 4046:National Grid 4044: 4043: 4041: 4039: 4035: 4032: 4030: 4026: 4016: 4013: 4011: 4008: 4006: 4003: 4001: 3998: 3996: 3995:Firmus Energy 3993: 3991: 3988: 3987: 3985: 3981: 3975: 3972: 3970: 3967: 3965: 3962: 3960: 3957: 3955: 3952: 3950: 3947: 3946: 3944: 3942: 3938: 3935: 3933: 3929: 3919: 3916: 3914: 3911: 3909: 3906: 3904: 3901: 3899: 3896: 3894: 3891: 3889: 3886: 3884: 3881: 3879: 3876: 3874: 3871: 3869: 3868:Firmus Energy 3866: 3864: 3861: 3859: 3856: 3854: 3851: 3849: 3846: 3844: 3841: 3840: 3838: 3836: 3832: 3826: 3825: 3821: 3819: 3818:Vattenfall UK 3816: 3814: 3811: 3809: 3806: 3804: 3801: 3799: 3796: 3795: 3793: 3791: 3787: 3784: 3778: 3772: 3769: 3767: 3766:ScottishPower 3764: 3762: 3759: 3757: 3754: 3752: 3749: 3747: 3744: 3743: 3741: 3737: 3734: 3732: 3728: 3718: 3715: 3713: 3710: 3708: 3705: 3703: 3700: 3698: 3695: 3693: 3690: 3688: 3685: 3683: 3680: 3678: 3675: 3674: 3672: 3668: 3662: 3659: 3657: 3654: 3653: 3651: 3647: 3641: 3638: 3636: 3633: 3631: 3630: 3626: 3624: 3623: 3619: 3617: 3616: 3615:Pharos Energy 3612: 3610: 3607: 3605: 3604: 3600: 3598: 3597: 3593: 3591: 3590: 3586: 3584: 3583: 3579: 3577: 3574: 3572: 3569: 3567: 3564: 3562: 3561: 3557: 3555: 3554: 3550: 3548: 3545: 3543: 3540: 3538: 3537: 3533: 3531: 3528: 3526: 3525: 3521: 3520: 3518: 3512: 3506: 3503: 3501: 3498: 3497: 3495: 3491: 3488: 3486: 3480: 3474: 3471: 3469: 3468: 3464: 3462: 3461: 3457: 3455: 3454: 3453:GCM Resources 3450: 3448: 3447: 3443: 3441: 3440: 3436: 3434: 3433: 3429: 3428: 3426: 3424: 3420: 3416: 3412: 3407: 3403: 3399: 3392: 3387: 3385: 3380: 3378: 3373: 3372: 3369: 3363: 3360: 3358: 3355: 3353: 3350: 3348: 3345: 3343: 3340: 3339: 3319: 3315: 3309: 3302: 3297: 3290: 3285: 3269: 3265: 3259: 3243: 3237: 3231: 3227: 3223: 3220: 3216: 3201: 3200: 3199:Physics World 3195: 3188: 3181: 3177: 3174: 3170: 3164: 3160: 3156: 3153: 3149: 3141: 3137: 3130: 3122: 3118: 3112: 3104: 3100: 3094: 3079: 3075: 3069: 3053: 3049: 3043: 3035: 3029: 3010: 3003: 2997: 2981: 2977: 2971: 2956: 2952: 2946: 2938: 2934: 2928: 2912: 2908: 2902: 2886: 2882: 2881:The Telegraph 2877: 2869: 2854: 2853: 2848: 2841: 2834: 2829: 2827: 2818: 2812: 2804: 2798: 2779: 2772: 2766: 2758: 2752: 2733: 2726: 2720: 2714: 2709: 2694: 2688: 2686: 2669: 2665: 2659: 2653: 2648: 2632: 2625: 2619: 2615: 2612: 2611:(DTI figures) 2607: 2601: 2597: 2594: 2589: 2581: 2580: 2575: 2571: 2570:Harvey, Fiona 2565: 2557: 2550: 2534: 2530: 2523: 2515: 2511: 2507: 2500: 2498: 2496: 2488: 2477: 2476: 2471: 2464: 2456: 2450: 2435: 2431: 2424: 2416: 2412: 2405: 2389: 2385: 2379: 2368: 2362: 2346: 2339: 2323: 2319: 2313: 2297: 2291: 2284: 2279: 2263: 2259: 2253: 2237: 2231: 2215: 2211: 2205: 2190: 2186: 2180: 2172: 2166: 2150: 2146: 2140: 2124: 2120: 2119: 2113: 2105: 2090: 2086: 2079: 2063: 2062: 2057: 2051: 2036: 2032: 2026: 2011: 2007: 2001: 1994: 1989: 1982: 1977: 1962: 1958: 1951: 1936: 1932: 1925: 1910: 1906: 1900: 1892: 1891: 1886: 1880: 1871: 1855: 1851: 1845: 1837: 1833: 1826: 1818: 1812: 1797: 1793: 1787: 1771: 1767: 1761: 1753: 1747: 1736: 1730: 1722: 1721:New Scientist 1718: 1712: 1696: 1689: 1673: 1667: 1652: 1648: 1642: 1640: 1633: 1629: 1626: 1621: 1606: 1602: 1596: 1590: 1585: 1570: 1564: 1548: 1542: 1523: 1517: 1498: 1492: 1488: 1478: 1475: 1473: 1470: 1468: 1465: 1463: 1460: 1458: 1455: 1453: 1450: 1448: 1445: 1443: 1440: 1438: 1435: 1434: 1430: 1419: 1416: 1410: 1405: 1402: 1401:Energy portal 1396: 1391: 1384: 1380: 1377: 1367: 1361: 1359: 1355: 1344: 1341:February 2022 1332: 1327: 1318: 1317: 1311: 1306: 1301: 1291: 1289: 1285: 1284:saving energy 1280: 1278: 1274: 1270: 1266: 1260: 1250: 1248: 1244: 1240: 1236: 1232: 1228: 1223: 1220: 1218: 1213: 1211: 1206: 1204: 1200: 1195: 1190: 1182: 1181:TWh in 2012. 1164: 1160: 1156: 1152: 1148: 1144: 1140: 1134: 1130: 1127: 1123: 1118: 1108: 1106: 1100: 1090: 1087: 1077: 1075: 1067: 1059: 1056: 1053: 1050: 1047: 1046: 1040: 1037: 1036: 1035: 1034: 1030: 1027: 1024: 1023: 1018: 1014: 1008: 996: 987: 985: 981: 976: 974: 960: 958: 954: 950: 946: 942: 937: 934: 932: 931:power station 928: 925: 924:weapons-grade 921: 917: 916:nuclear power 910: 905: 901: 898: 896: 892: 888: 884: 883:national grid 880: 876: 872: 858: 850: 845: 835: 832: 827: 821: 813: 801: 796: 791: 784:Hydroelectric 781: 779: 778:County Durham 775: 771: 770:model village 767: 763: 759: 753: 743: 741: 736: 734: 726: 722: 718: 717:South America 714: 709: 702: 698: 694: 688: 678: 668: 664: 660: 646: 638: 633: 627: 623: 618: 609: 606: 596: 590: 574: 569: 563: 553: 550: 543: 537: 533: 526: 516: 514: 510: 506: 501: 499: 495: 490: 485: 479: 475: 467: 463: 454: 449: 439: 437: 432: 428: 426: 421: 417: 415: 409: 399: 395: 389: 377: 372: 370: 369:Rhum gasfield 366: 362: 358: 354: 350: 345: 343: 339: 338:North Sea gas 335: 329: 319: 317: 313: 308: 304: 302: 298: 293: 289: 280: 272: 267: 257: 249: 237: 233: 228: 224: 222: 218: 214: 210: 206: 202: 192: 187: 185: 180: 178: 174: 170: 166: 162: 157: 143: 136: 117: 116: 112: 108: 101: 90: 86: 82: 78: 70: 33: 27: 19: 8272:Supermarkets 8238:Construction 8233:Architecture 8068:Canary Wharf 7910: 7901:Resource and 7884:Unemployment 7855:Minimum wage 7818:Billionaires 7715:Silicon Glen 7587:M11 Corridor 6915:Homelessness 6729:Homelessness 6512:Social class 6492:Prostitution 6435:Homelessness 6216:British Army 6048:Human rights 6036:By-elections 6016:Constitution 5874: 5587:Georgian era 5450:Transnistria 5411: 5112: 4877:Ashden Award 4701:Carbon Trust 4435:Dash for Gas 4430:BBL Pipeline 4145: 4118:Hi-Gen Power 4029:Transmission 3932:Distribution 3903:Shell Energy 3853:Co-op Energy 3822: 3627: 3620: 3613: 3603:Ophir Energy 3601: 3594: 3587: 3580: 3571:Essar Energy 3558: 3551: 3534: 3522: 3465: 3458: 3451: 3444: 3437: 3430: 3397: 3321:. Retrieved 3317: 3308: 3296: 3284: 3272:. Retrieved 3268:The Guardian 3267: 3258: 3246:. Retrieved 3236: 3215: 3203:. Retrieved 3197: 3187: 3169: 3148: 3139: 3129: 3120: 3111: 3102: 3093: 3081:. Retrieved 3077: 3068: 3056:. Retrieved 3052:the original 3042: 3016:. Retrieved 3009:the original 2996: 2984:. Retrieved 2980:the original 2970: 2958:. Retrieved 2954: 2945: 2927: 2915:. Retrieved 2910: 2901: 2889:. Retrieved 2880: 2868: 2856:. Retrieved 2850: 2840: 2811: 2785:. Retrieved 2778:the original 2765: 2739:. Retrieved 2732:the original 2719: 2708: 2696:. Retrieved 2674:23 September 2672:. Retrieved 2668:the original 2658: 2647: 2635:. Retrieved 2624: 2606: 2588: 2577: 2564: 2555: 2549: 2537:. Retrieved 2533:the original 2522: 2514:the original 2509: 2486: 2481:14 September 2479:. Retrieved 2473: 2463: 2449: 2437:. Retrieved 2433: 2423: 2414: 2404: 2392:. Retrieved 2387: 2378: 2361: 2349:. Retrieved 2338: 2326:. Retrieved 2322:the original 2312: 2300:. Retrieved 2290: 2278: 2266:. Retrieved 2262:the original 2252: 2240:. Retrieved 2230: 2218:. Retrieved 2213: 2204: 2192:. Retrieved 2188: 2179: 2165: 2153:. Retrieved 2148: 2139: 2127:. Retrieved 2116: 2104: 2092:. Retrieved 2089:Carbon Brief 2088: 2078: 2066:. Retrieved 2064:. 9 May 2019 2059: 2050: 2038:. Retrieved 2034: 2025: 2013:. Retrieved 2009: 2000: 1988: 1976: 1964:. Retrieved 1960: 1950: 1938:. Retrieved 1934: 1924: 1912:. Retrieved 1908: 1899: 1888: 1879: 1870: 1858:. Retrieved 1854:the original 1844: 1836:The Guardian 1835: 1825: 1811: 1799:. Retrieved 1795: 1786: 1774:. Retrieved 1770:the original 1760: 1746: 1729: 1720: 1711: 1699:. Retrieved 1688: 1676:. Retrieved 1666: 1654:. Retrieved 1650: 1620: 1608:. Retrieved 1604: 1595: 1584: 1572:. Retrieved 1563: 1551:. Retrieved 1541: 1529:. Retrieved 1516: 1506:12 September 1504:. Retrieved 1491: 1381: 1378: 1362: 1351: 1338: 1330: 1281: 1265:smart meters 1262: 1227:fusion power 1224: 1221: 1214: 1207: 1203:fuel poverty 1191: 1188: 1137: 1111:Cogeneration 1102: 1083: 1063: 1001: 977: 961: 941:Dash for Gas 938: 935: 913: 899: 868: 828: 810:As of 2012, 809: 755: 740:wood pellets 737: 710: 690: 663:photovoltaic 648: 607: 591: 579: 551: 544: 528: 502: 486: 459: 433: 429: 422: 418: 411: 396: 373: 361:East Knapton 346: 331: 309: 305: 301:Ian Marchant 285: 254: 203: 188: 181: 158: 113: 81:fossil fuels 76: 75: 31: 26: 8248:Real estate 7972:Agriculture 7759:Cardiff Bay 7748:Agriculture 7705:Oil and gas 7680:Agriculture 7607:Silicon Fen 7582:M4 corridor 7575:London Plan 7396:Growth deal 7223:HM Treasury 7193:Company law 7162:governance, 7002:Health care 6910:Health care 6816:Health care 6724:Health care 6632:Anglosphere 6507:Social care 6462:Immigration 6405:Drug policy 6169:Departments 6097:Nationality 5870:Agriculture 5803:terminology 5770:City status 5641:Since 1979 5488:Isle of Man 5423:recognition 5397:Switzerland 5332:Netherlands 4948:RenewableUK 4882:Bioregional 4748:initiatives 4618:Solar power 4422:Oil and gas 4244:Electricity 4038:Electricity 3941:Electricity 3883:Opus Energy 3873:Good Energy 3717:WesternGeco 3677:Abbot Group 3635:Star Energy 3514:Exploration 3274:26 February 2986:1 September 2698:16 December 2593:DTI figures 2556:PV Magazine 2347:. Nce.co.uk 1129:accumulator 949:British Gas 907:The former 659:Solar power 536:RenewableUK 334:natural gas 322:Natural gas 8302:High-speed 8297:Inter-city 8213:Automotive 8193:Healthcare 8181:Television 8171:Newspapers 8015:Materials 7930:Geothermal 7903:production 7845:Labour law 7828:Demography 7811:and labour 7592:Manchester 7503:Birmingham 7435:Free trade 7164:regulation 6968:Government 6876:Government 6871:Parliament 6587:Literature 6467:Innovation 6400:Demography 6295:(currency) 6144:Government 6102:Parliament 6026:Devolution 6021:Corruption 5956:Materials 5890:geothermal 5574:Chronology 5367:San Marino 5327:Montenegro 5307:Luxembourg 5287:Kazakhstan 5190:Azerbaijan 4630:Wind power 4608:Wave farms 4567:Geothermal 4525:Renewables 4495:Oil fields 4407:Sellafield 4272:Economy 10 4197:Coal mines 4123:Mark Group 3990:Cadent Gas 3893:OVO Energy 3858:Ecotricity 3798:Drax Group 3790:Generation 3782:and supply 3780:Generation 3756:EDF Energy 3739:Integrated 3712:Weir Group 3640:Tullow Oil 3493:Integrated 2439:31 October 2121:. London. 1966:10 October 1940:10 October 1674:. Enerdata 1483:References 1298:See also: 1097:See also: 725:rainforest 556:Wind power 494:Sizewell B 406:See also: 326:See also: 292:David King 213:energy mix 165:Low Carbon 115:per capita 8319:Trade and 8282:Transport 8229:Property 8208:Aerospace 8143:Education 8088:Insurance 8036:Financial 7920:Biodiesel 7796:Transport 7725:Transport 7685:Edinburgh 7657:Transport 7632:Wiltshire 7627:Transport 7602:Sheffield 7560:Liverpool 7423:Recurrent 7250:Banknotes 7160:Currency, 7114:Companies 6997:Education 6953:Geography 6905:Education 6861:Geography 6811:Education 6782:Executive 6767:Geography 6719:Education 6692:Geography 6472:Languages 6410:Education 6336:Transport 6174:Ministers 6060:Judiciary 6031:Elections 5971:Wildlife 5880:biodiesel 5862:Resources 5852:Volcanoes 5842:Mountains 5827:Coastline 5729:Geography 5683:1814–1919 5645:political 5630:political 5582:Formation 5478:Gibraltar 5302:Lithuania 4267:Economy 7 4103:APX Group 3863:ESB Group 3731:Utilities 3656:Greenergy 3467:Rio Tinto 3411:Companies 3142:. London. 3058:5 October 2787:14 August 2741:14 August 2417:. London. 2351:5 October 2268:5 October 2220:1 October 2040:1 October 1860:5 October 1838:. London. 1776:5 October 1701:5 October 1678:5 October 1605:bbc.co.uk 1366:peatlands 1312:emissions 1235:Cadarache 957:North Sea 927:plutonium 891:saturated 691:Gas from 595:gigawatts 316:Liz Truss 173:renewable 91:was 142.0 8418:Category 8393:Category 8321:business 8287:Aviation 8260:Internet 8166:Gambling 8073:The City 8038:services 8019:Forestry 8002:Scottish 7993:Fishing 7935:Fracking 7867:Pensions 7675:Aberdeen 7667:Scotland 7642:Northern 7612:Somerset 7520:Cornwall 7480:regions, 7478:Nations, 7262:Taxation 7060:Category 7012:Religion 6958:Politics 6925:Religion 6866:Politics 6854:timeline 6841:Scotland 6826:Religion 6777:Assembly 6772:Politics 6739:Religion 6697:Politics 6685:timeline 6602:Religion 6582:Identity 6445:Scotland 6390:Cannabis 6316:Taxation 6203:Military 6085:monarchs 6080:Monarchy 6000:Politics 5960:forestry 5940:Scottish 5931:Fishing 5790:Physical 5710:Taxation 5705:Military 5695:Maritime 5668:Economic 5661:By topic 5626:Postwar 5620:military 5615:civilian 5607:Interwar 5498:Svalbard 5483:Guernsey 5430:Abkhazia 5382:Slovenia 5377:Slovakia 5352:Portugal 5210:Bulgaria 5113:Category 5058:EcoHomes 4962:Research 4534:Biofuels 3843:100Green 3813:Renantis 3746:Centrica 3702:Petrofac 3542:Centrica 3483:Oil and 3460:Glencore 3323:15 April 3222:Archived 3205:18 March 3176:Archived 3155:Archived 3121:BBC News 3103:BBC News 3083:15 April 3028:cite web 2937:Archived 2917:22 April 2911:BBC News 2885:Archived 2797:cite web 2751:cite web 2614:Archived 2596:Archived 2539:26 April 2388:BBC News 2214:BBC News 2194:15 April 2155:11 March 2123:Archived 2015:15 April 1961:HuffPost 1914:15 April 1801:15 April 1628:Archived 1387:See also 1163:Slovakia 1105:devolved 951:and the 774:Eastgate 713:biofuels 697:landfill 681:Biofuels 637:colliery 597:: 12,254 478:Dounreay 288:peak oil 8403:Commons 8370:Make UK 8277:Tourism 8243:Housing 8223:Exports 8186:Theatre 8051:Banking 7997:English 7893:Sectors 7838:Poverty 7791:Tourism 7786:Swansea 7771:History 7766:Fishing 7753:Cardiff 7720:Tourism 7700:History 7695:Fishing 7652:Belfast 7644:Ireland 7622:Tourism 7597:Reading 7545:Fishing 7525:Croydon 7515:Bristol 7490:England 7282:History 7255:Coinage 7044:Outline 7017:Symbols 7007:Culture 6990:tourism 6985:Economy 6948:History 6930:Symbols 6920:Culture 6898:tourism 6893:Economy 6849:History 6831:Symbols 6821:Culture 6804:tourism 6799:Economy 6762:History 6744:Symbols 6734:Culture 6712:tourism 6707:Economy 6675:History 6667:England 6617:Theatre 6612:Symbols 6570:Cuisine 6547:Culture 6517:Suicide 6487:Poverty 6452:Housing 6440:England 6378:Society 6354:Driving 6326:Tourism 6244:Economy 6152:Cabinet 5952:Hunting 5935:English 5832:Geology 5815:Climate 5565:History 5407:Ukraine 5357:Romania 5317:Moldova 5275:Ireland 5270:Iceland 5265:Hungary 5255:Germany 5250:Georgia 5240:Finland 5235:Estonia 5230:Denmark 5215:Croatia 5200:Belgium 5195:Belarus 5185:Austria 5180:Armenia 5175:Andorra 5170:Albania 4359:Nuclear 4322:Control 4257:BritNed 4217:History 4146:italics 4133:Wavegen 4113:EnServe 4098:Aggreko 3751:E.ON UK 3692:Hunting 3670:Support 3609:Perenco 3566:EnQuest 3473:UK Coal 3018:20 June 2960:20 June 2891:19 June 2858:19 June 2637:16 July 2510:Reuters 2411:"Earth" 2242:6 April 2129:7 March 2094:7 March 1553:1 April 1531:1 April 1331:updated 1151:Finland 1147:Denmark 1133:Pimlico 1131:tower, 966:million 877:, with 873:was by 865:History 442:Nuclear 118:of 2.78 95:million 8161:Cinema 8024:Mining 7945:Marine 7911:Energy 7833:Income 7809:People 7755:  7730:Whisky 7565:London 7535:Dorset 7482:cities 7407:Impact 7188:Budget 7065:Portal 6963:Senedd 6680:social 6565:Cinema 6560:Anthem 6502:Racism 6457:Hunger 6430:Health 6283:Income 6268:Budget 5965:mining 5905:marine 5875:Energy 5847:Rivers 5820:change 5673:Empire 5650:social 5635:social 5493:Jersey 5435:Kosovo 5402:Turkey 5392:Sweden 5372:Serbia 5362:Russia 5347:Poland 5342:Norway 5322:Monaco 5292:Latvia 5260:Greece 5245:France 5220:Cyprus 4623:  4377:Magnox 3835:Supply 3761:Npower 3649:Supply 3248:9 July 2955:GOV.UK 2394:6 July 2149:Gov UK 2068:19 May 1890:Forbes 1656:15 May 1610:9 June 1574:13 May 1370:  1271:, the 1247:Culham 1229:. The 1199:fusion 1179:  1175:  1171:  1167:  1159:Sweden 1155:Poland 1070:  1011:  1004:  968:  964:  824:  816:  804:  729:  711:Other 705:  701:biogas 693:sewage 675:  671:  655:  651:  622:BedZED 603:  599:  586:  582:  547:  540:  482:  470:  392:  384:  380:  199:  195:  154:  150:  146:  139:  132:  128:  124:  120:  104:  102:(1,651 97:  93:  85:energy 60:  54:  48:  42:  36:  8176:Radio 8156:Media 8136:Other 8007:Welsh 7977:Cider 7955:Solar 7740:Wales 7550:Leeds 7530:Devon 7213:Gilts 7051:Index 6940:Wales 6607:Sport 6597:Music 6592:Media 6532:Waste 6395:Crime 6359:Roads 6256:Banks 5980:flora 5975:fauna 5945:Welsh 5920:solar 5775:Towns 5468:Ă…land 5387:Spain 5312:Malta 5282:Italy 4984:Narec 4706:Cenex 4547:NNFCC 4091:Other 3707:Qserv 3687:Expro 3524:Afren 3505:Shell 3012:(PDF) 3005:(PDF) 2781:(PDF) 2774:(PDF) 2735:(PDF) 2728:(PDF) 2370:(PDF) 2328:5 May 2302:5 May 1738:(PDF) 1525:(PDF) 1500:(PDF) 772:near 612:Solar 388:Total 382:cubic 8292:Rail 7987:Beer 7982:Wine 7967:Food 7960:Wind 7925:Coal 6575:Wine 6191:list 6179:list 6157:list 6053:LGBT 5925:wind 5885:coal 4179:Coal 3446:ENRC 3423:Coal 3325:2024 3276:2022 3250:2014 3207:2019 3085:2024 3060:2013 3034:link 3020:2006 2988:2013 2962:2022 2919:2017 2893:2016 2860:2016 2803:link 2789:2016 2757:link 2743:2016 2700:2013 2676:2013 2639:2020 2541:2015 2483:2021 2441:2018 2396:2018 2353:2013 2330:2011 2304:2011 2270:2013 2244:2022 2222:2023 2196:2024 2157:2020 2131:2016 2096:2016 2070:2019 2042:2023 2017:2024 1968:2022 1942:2022 1916:2024 1862:2013 1803:2024 1778:2013 1703:2013 1680:2013 1658:2024 1612:2015 1576:2024 1555:2022 1533:2022 1508:2022 1352:The 1231:ITER 1215:The 1192:The 1161:and 1064:The 875:coal 798:The 733:wood 721:Asia 719:and 695:and 657:MW. 402:Coal 367:and 299:and 201:GW. 182:The 8100:LCH 6980:Law 6888:Law 6794:Law 6702:Law 6555:Art 6065:Law 5085:HTB 4066:Gas 4010:SGN 3983:Gas 3771:SSE 3530:BHP 3485:gas 3439:BHP 3318:IEA 3078:IEA 2189:IEA 2010:IEA 1909:IEA 1796:IEA 1007:TWh 879:oil 260:Oil 135:MWh 107:TWh 8420:: 3500:BP 3316:. 3266:. 3228:, 3196:. 3161:, 3138:. 3119:. 3101:. 3076:. 3030:}} 3026:{{ 2953:. 2909:. 2883:. 2879:. 2849:. 2825:^ 2799:}} 2795:{{ 2753:}} 2749:{{ 2684:^ 2576:. 2508:. 2494:^ 2485:. 2472:. 2432:. 2413:. 2386:. 2212:. 2187:. 2147:. 2115:. 2087:. 2058:. 2033:. 2008:. 1959:. 1933:. 1907:. 1887:. 1834:. 1794:. 1719:. 1649:. 1638:^ 1603:. 1376:. 1360:. 1279:. 1267:, 1157:, 1153:, 1149:, 947:, 897:. 780:. 776:, 371:. 363:, 359:, 355:, 351:, 344:) 314:, 223:. 142:GW 7913:/ 7761:) 7757:( 7398:) 7394:( 7099:e 7092:t 7085:v 6312:) 6308:( 5548:e 5541:t 5534:v 5148:e 5141:t 5134:v 3390:e 3383:t 3376:v 3327:. 3278:. 3252:. 3209:. 3087:. 3062:. 3036:) 3022:. 2990:. 2964:. 2921:. 2895:. 2862:. 2805:) 2791:. 2759:) 2745:. 2702:. 2678:. 2641:. 2582:. 2558:. 2543:. 2443:. 2398:. 2372:. 2355:. 2332:. 2306:. 2272:. 2246:. 2224:. 2198:. 2159:. 2133:. 2098:. 2072:. 2044:. 2019:. 1970:. 1944:. 1918:. 1893:. 1864:. 1819:. 1805:. 1780:. 1754:. 1705:. 1682:. 1660:. 1614:. 1578:. 1557:. 1535:. 1510:. 1374:2 1343:) 1339:( 1333:. 699:( 295:( 238:. 20:)

Index

Energy use and conservation in the United Kingdom

fossil fuels
energy
United Kingdom
tonnes of oil equivalent
TWh
energy consumption
per capita
MWh
GW
carbon dioxide
Low Carbon
Brown ministry
renewable
one of the best sites in Europe for wind energy
electricity sector
European financial crisis
UK government energy policy
greenhouse gas emissions
energy mix
Environmental Performance Index
environmental policy

Greater London
International Space Station

Oil and gas industry in the United Kingdom

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

↑