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1991. A fifth vent field, Sasquatch, was later discovered in 2000 and is situated just north of Salty Dawg. Out of these vent fields, Mothra and Main
Endeavour have had more researched performed on them compared to the other three. On the other hand, Salty Dawg and High Rise are labelled as having the highest precaution, limiting the number of observations and activities that can be done in the fields. The last remaining vent, Sasquatch, as well as other minor vents in the area, has yet to be included into any management plans. Although the vents have been under the MPA's since 2003, a management plan for the fields was only enacted in 2010. The management plan focuses on four specific areas of study using " precautionary approach,
45:
472:. High temperatures also allow metals to stay in solution, allowing for distinctive black-smoker chimneys. Through a combination of targeted, high-temperature (350 °C) venting and diffuse, low-temperature (10-25 °C) venting, the Main Endeavour field alone produces a total heat flux of 650±100 megawatts (MW). According to their thermal, particle, and chemical anomalies, vent plumes rise 50 to 350 metres above the seafloor to a level of neutral buoyancy. While the plumes rising above the ridge crests are free to drift with the ambient flow, the deeper portions of the plumes may remain stuck inside the valley.
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40 °C temperature spikes in the month of April. Although temperatures this high can be lethal to organisms existing there, habitats there can be stable even at well below preferred temperatures. Researchers have theorized that vent animals have adapted to the rapid change in temperatures and thus are able to live within or near these vents.
274:
The
Endeavour section of the Juan de Fuca Ridge is approximately 90 km long and spreads at 6 cm per year. Along the ridge, there are six major vent fields (including Stockwork) and over 800 individual chimneys have been recorded over a 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) section of the ridge. Other
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First
Nations Chiefs as well as representatives from local and regional governments. There were no objections from the Board. According to pre-designation presentations to the Central Region Board, there are no substantive First Nation interests in the EHV MPA. However, because the area falls within
342:
Hydrothermal vents can sometimes be seen as roughly cylindrical chimney structures. Minerals that are dissolved in the vent fluid give rise to the vents overall structure. This is because minerals precipitate out to produce particles that increase the height of the stacks when the superheated water
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have also been spotted in the waters where vent fields are located. The organisms at the hydrothermal vent systems range from microorganisms to invertebrates where each have an interchanging role with one another. A sulfide-hosted microbe from this site can live in environments up to 121 °C,
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are just a few examples of the extreme conditions in fluid vents. The hydrothermal vents wouldn't normally be thought of as able to sustain a reliable habitat due to the turbulent nature of the vent fluid. However, researchers have found that the vents are stable for most of the year except for a
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because of its diverse and unique biological environment. Under these regulations, activities that pose any harm to vent systems is prohibited. The hydrothermal vent fieldsâSalty Dawg, High Rise, Main
Endeavour, and Mothraâwere divided up into four different subfields after being mapped in
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in 1999, caused vent geochemistry to change drastically throughout the field. Another diking event was detected in 2005. Following these events, the hydrothermal activity of the MEF has been waning and some venting sites like MilliQ have been confirmed to be extinct.
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Although there are five different vent fields that are observed and researched, the NEPTUNE cable observatory only extends from Mothra to Main
Endeavour vent fields. Furthermore, the real-time cable system for the Main Endeavour field was only established in 2010 by
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along the axis and from magmatic sources beneath the field. Seawater seeps diffusively or through cracks into the Earth's crust, warms at depth, and then rises back up after it is heated at venting orifices. This heated water supplies energy and nutrients for
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is prohibited within the area as this could harm the species that currently live there as well damage the hydrothermal vent systems. The area was under the MPA act before any mining could take place within the area. The government of Canada cannot prevent
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and the graben's near rims above the seismically observed magma lens exhibit hydrothermal activity. Main
Endeavour has shown very little volcanic activity over the past 4,300 years, and as such, dormant chimneys are not buried as they are on other peaks.
1217:
Kelley, Deborah; Carbotte, Suzanne; Caress, David; Clague, David; Delaney, John; Gill, James; Hadaway, Hunter; Holden, James; Hooft, Emilie; Kellogg, Jonathan; Lilley, Marvin; Stoermer, Mark; Toomey, Doug; Weekly, Robert; Wilcock, William (2012-03-01).
448:(BaSO 4) is unique in that precipitation requires the direct mixing of Ba-rich hydrothermal fluid with sulfate-rich seawater. Barite crystals retain geochemical fingerprints associated with formation conditions due to their extremely low solubility.
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During the early 2000s, due to the geographical instabilities, many consultations and workshops were held to discuss and process the designation of the
Endeavour Hydrothermal Vent system (EHV) as a MPA. During this time, the Central Region Board on
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7651:
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Jamieson, John
William; Hannington, Mark D.; Tivey, Margaret K.; Hansteen, Thor; Williamson, Nicole M. -B.; Stewart, Margaret; Fietzke, Jan; Butterfield, David; Frische, Matthias; Allen, Leigh; Cousens, Brian; Langer, Julia (2016-01-15).
757:(AUV) revealed that there were 572 hydrothermal sulfide chimneys total, of which only 47 are known to be currently active within the 14-kilometre (8.7 mi) segment of the ridge. The primary data for this research was done by using
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656:), which has a âshort fatâ morphology when it is in high flow areas near the vents, and a 'long skinny' morphology when in low flow areas farther away from the vents. The dominating invertebrate species that have been recorded are
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have been deployed to survey the areas and cable systems have been put in place so that that better management practices can be taken. The protected area for the
Endeavour Hydrothermal Vents is located on the ridge of the
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The environment of the
Endeavour Hydrothermal Vent field experiences extreme temperature ranges of 300 °C all the way down to 2 °C from even just a few metres away. Stressors like elevated acidity,
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1351:"Chemistry of hydrothermal vent fluids from the Main Endeavour Field, northern Juan de Fuca Ridge: Geochemical controls in the aftermath of June 1999 seismic events: VENT FLUIDS FROM MEF-JUAN DE FUCA RIDGE"
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Clague, David A.; Martin, Julie F.; Paduan, Jennifer B.; Butterfield, David A.; Jamieson, John W.; Le Saout, Morgane; Caress, David W.; Thomas, Hans; Holden, James F.; Kelley, Deborah S. (June 2020).
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886:(ONC) as part of NEPTUNE, and real-time observing has been continuing since 2011. The installation of this cable was established so that better research opportunities and MPA management can be done.
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1943:"Free-living bacterial communities associated with tubeworm (Ridgeia piscesae) aggregations in contrasting diffuse flow hydrothermal vent habitats at the Main Endeavour Field, Juan de Fuca Ridge"
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Clague, David A.; Martin, Julie F.; Paduan, Jennifer B.; Butterfield, David A.; Jamieson, John W.; Le Saout, Morgane; Caress, David W.; Thomas, Hans; Holden, James F.; Kelley, Deborah S. (2020).
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310:. The MEF has a significant amount of inactive chimneys and is estimated to have been active for at least 2,300 years. Within the field, there are 16 named venting sites (as assembled by
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Tunnicliffe, Verena and Richard Thomson. 1999. The Endeavour Hot Vents Area: A Pilot Marine Protected Area in Canada's Pacific Ocean. Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Sidney, BC.
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1556:"Metalloid Reducing Bacteria Isolated from Deep Ocean Hydrothermal Vents of the Juan de Fuca Ridge, Pseudoalteromonas telluritireducens sp. nov. and Pseudoalteromonas spiralis sp. nov"
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The temperatures within the Endeavour Hydrothermal Vent fields differs at the various depths despite some vents being just metres apart. This also has an effect on the different
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874:. This enables scientific parameters, such as temperature, to be collected continuously. In 2017, the node was serviced to begin a major expansion to add additional cameras and
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The MEF is located on the west side of the spreading axis at a depth of approximately 2,200 metres (7,200 ft). The mineralogy of the vent field is dominated by
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chimneys that are 20 metres (66 ft) or taller. Black smokers emit black fumes due to being formed from deposits of iron sulfide, whereas white smokers contain
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and normal routine traffic from going through the area, however, despite being a Marine Protected Area. This poses a problem because of the risk associated with
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436:. The cooling and mixing of hot hydrothermal fluids with cold seawater results in the formation of hydrothermal vent deposits on the seafloor. Among the major
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The Endeavour segment is tectonically active and there have been many reported tectonic events since the discovery of the MEF. Tectonic events like
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614:, leading to the possibility of sulfur cycling in these areas. Due to the large amount of microbial biomass, vent fields have become a hotspot for
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comes into contact with the sea water that is almost frozen. This can result in the chimney's structure growing up to 60 metres. Only the axial
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Rathgeber, Christopher; Yurkova, Natalia; Stackebrandt, Erko; Schumann, Peter; Humphrey, Elaine; Beatty, J. Thomas; Yurkov, Vladimir (2006).
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Thomson, Richard E.; MihĂĄly, Steven F.; Rabinovich, Alexander B.; McDuff, Russell E.; Veirs, Scott R.; Stahr, Frederick R. (2003).
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A large, intricate ecology is supported on and below the deep ocean floor by hydrothermal vents connected to the system of global
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Bastille, Crypto, Dante, Dudley, Easter Island, Grotto, Hulk, Lobo, MilliQ, Peanut, Puffer, Salut, Smoke & Mirrors, Sully, TP,
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1847:"Marine Mammal and Sea Turtle Sightings During a Survey of the Endeavour Segment of the Juan de Fuca Ridge, British Columbia"
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are dominant bacteria at some sites of the MEF and genes have been identified that are associated with nitrogen fixation.
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species to the Endeavour Segment of the Juan de Fuca Ridge that do not exist anywhere else in the world including the
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1612:"Precipitation and growth of barite within hydrothermal vent deposits from the Endeavour Segment, Juan de Fuca Ridge"
408:. Fluids from deep ocean vents have a diverse spectrum of chemical compositions and are frequently enriched in metal
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Established in 2011, real-time monitoring of the MEF became possible through a NEPTUNE node established at the site
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1737:"Temporal and spatial variation in temperature experienced by macrofauna at Main Endeavour hydrothermal vent field"
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2078:"High abundances of viruses in a deep-sea hydrothermal vent system indicates viral mediated microbial mortality"
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1883:"Microbial diversity of a sulfide black smoker in main endeavour hydrothermal vent field, Juan de Fuca Ridge"
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216:. The vent field lies 2,250 metres (7,380 ft) below sea level on the northern Endeavour segment of the
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vent fields of this section include High Rise, Mothra, Salty Dawg, Sasquatch, and Stockwork. All sites are
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Hydrothermal vents are located at mid-ocean ridges, where an abundance of life is present, providing high
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1261:"Endeavour Segment of the Juan de Fuca Ridge: One of the Most Remarkable Places on Earth | Oceanography"
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that come with them. Any violations of the MPA regulations within the area can face penalties under the
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Lee, Raymond W.; Robert, Katleen; Matabos, Marjolaine; Bates, Amanda E.; Juniper, S. Kim (2015-12-01).
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Discovery of the organism that holds the record for the upper temperature limit to life (121 °C)
894:
The Endeavour Hydrothermal vents are home to several important scientific discoveries which include:
228:
and prompted a return to the vent field in August 1984, where the active vent field was confirmed by
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To this day, the Endeavour Hydrothermal Vents still continues to be a site where scientists such as
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and invertebrates that live within the region. In order to best grasp the scale of the EHV region,
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Zhou, Huaiyang; Li, Jiangtao; Peng, Xiaotong; Meng, Jun; Wang, Fengping; Ai, Yuncan (2009-06-01).
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Kashefi, Kazem; Lovley, Derek R. (2003-08-15). "Extending the Upper Temperature Limit for Life".
666:
1349:
Seyfried, W. E.; Seewald, J. S.; Berndt, M. E.; Ding, Kang; Foustoukos, D. I. (September 2003).
7836:
6706:
6696:
6656:
5914:
5304:
4944:
4425:
3978:
3973:
3616:
3478:
3082:
2845:
2670:
566:
562:
518:
1998:
387:
Heat of the Endeavour Hydrothermal Vents is supplied by the conductive cooling of the Earth's
7523:
7116:
6851:
6771:
6581:
6496:
6431:
5618:
5158:
4618:
995:
883:
849:
712:
1092:
5334:
4327:
3852:
3822:
2803:
2089:
1748:
1682:
1623:
1441:
1300:
1088:
933:
8:
7322:
2292:"Remote monitoring of a deepâsea marine protected area: The Endeavour Hydrothermal Vents"
2154:"Remote monitoring of a deepâsea marine protected area: The Endeavour Hydrothermal Vents"
1220:"Endeavour Segment of the Juan de Fuca Ridge: One of the Most Remarkable Places on Earth"
971:
725:
716:
326:
2093:
1752:
1686:
1627:
1445:
1304:
7247:
2778:
2696:
2331:
2247:
2193:
2124:"Education: Themes: Vent and Volcanoes: Background Information: NOAA Ocean Exploration"
2058:
1975:
1942:
1918:
1714:
1591:
1467:
1403:
1326:
1077:"Growth of large sulfide structures on the endeavour segment of the Juan de Fuca ridge"
841:
791:
Since the area is under the protection of the Marine Protected Areas act, any forms of
696:
550:
248:
217:
82:
2368:
2362:
1076:
602:
have been detected in the area. All others have been identified as being clones, with
7885:
7796:
2335:
2323:
2251:
2239:
2197:
2185:
2105:
2050:
2042:
1980:
1962:
1910:
1902:
1846:
1801:
1764:
1706:
1698:
1651:
1583:
1575:
1555:
1471:
1459:
1330:
1318:
1104:
1100:
1052:
990:
908:
611:
603:
197:
2062:
1922:
1671:"Constrained circulation at Endeavour ridge facilitates colonization by vent larvae"
1595:
783:(NTC) Treaty claim, the NTC may have an interest in managing the MPA in the future.
736:
7811:
2313:
2303:
2229:
2175:
2165:
2097:
2034:
1970:
1954:
1894:
1858:
1756:
1718:
1690:
1641:
1631:
1567:
1501:
1449:
1395:
1362:
1308:
1231:
1096:
771:
632:
287:
209:
205:
86:
64:
60:
2152:
Juniper, S. Kim; Thornborough, Kate; Douglas, Karen; Hillier, Joy (October 2019).
813:
374:
7362:
7212:
7011:
5002:
3205:
2234:
2217:
819:
809:
792:
619:
538:
441:
437:
409:
405:
388:
283:
221:
1783:
1430:"Hydrothermal Chimney Distribution on the Endeavour Segment, Juan de Fuca Ridge"
1289:"Hydrothermal Chimney Distribution on the Endeavour Segment, Juan de Fuca Ridge"
460:
has been inferred to occur within fluids beneath the field. Differing ratios of
270:
Computer generated image of the Endeavour Hydrothermal Vent (EHV) field chimneys
7337:
2979:
2783:
2763:
2743:
955:
860:
797:
775:
700:
591:
477:
464:
and vapour phases have been used to characterize geochemistry at sites such as
7402:
2101:
1898:
1760:
1670:
1636:
1611:
1571:
1505:
610:
present in this environment have either a sulfur oxidizing or sulfur reducing
28:
7958:
7317:
7292:
7237:
6841:
2327:
2243:
2189:
2109:
2046:
1966:
1906:
1863:
1782:
Administration, US Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric.
1768:
1702:
1655:
1579:
1463:
1322:
1108:
546:
489:
352:
239:
201:
118:
104:
2038:
1882:
1236:
832:
577:
Primary Endeavour Hydrothermal Vents and their distribution with one another
7483:
7377:
7367:
7257:
7036:
2798:
2635:
2054:
1984:
1914:
1710:
1587:
959:
692:
676:
645:
514:
356:
299:
291:
2290:
Juniper, S. Kim; Thornborough, Kate; Douglas, Karen; Hillier, Joy (2019).
2921:
1454:
1429:
1367:
1350:
1313:
1288:
930:
774:
was included in the process. The Central Region Board was made up of all
627:
554:
500:
33:
Part of a 360 °C black smoker chimney of the Endeavour Hydrothermal Vents
1694:
911:
due to high temperature fluids above 350 °C coming out of the vent.
836:
Ocean Networks Canada Cabled Observatory in the Hydrothermal Vent system
2267:"A deepsea 'oasis' is slated to become Canada's biggest protected area"
1407:
1383:
929:
First evidence that hydrothermal plumes were zones of greatly enhanced
711:
The Endeavour hydrothermal vent fields are under the protection of the
681:
587:
542:
530:
493:
393:
311:
2318:
2180:
2788:
2578:
2308:
2291:
2170:
2153:
1646:
951:
947:
943:
805:
801:
699:
provide nutrients to the animals living there through the process of
649:
599:
433:
307:
254:
The vent field falls under Canadian jurisdiction and designated as a
229:
225:
1958:
1553:
1399:
938:
First measurements of biomass fluxes relating to hydrothermal plumes
914:
1990: discovery of highest neutral water temperatures known to Earth
7930:
706:
703:
since no sunlight reaches the depths of the Endeavour vent fields.
657:
607:
526:
525:
for many unique species of animals. Researchers have identified 12
303:
2289:
2151:
1000:
845:
595:
522:
485:
425:
421:
368:
364:
1020:
Government of Canada, Fisheries and Oceans Canada (2019-09-18).
251:, and the established zone is 100 km (39 sq mi).
3029:
2537:
1608:
671:
541:
is currently classified as imperiled, and is at risk of facing
445:
417:
360:
344:
295:
276:
213:
90:
68:
2574:
Kluane / WrangellâSt. Elias / Glacier Bay / Tatshenshini-Alsek
2363:
Endeavour Hydrothermal Vents Marine Protected Area Regulations
1184:
Government of Canada, Public Services and Procurement Canada.
456:
With reported vent temperatures of 402 °C (756 °F),
1668:
1427:
1286:
461:
330:
2411:
907:
1989: discovery of glowing vents, which are vents that emit
731:
1128:"Main Endeavour Field | InterRidge Vents Database Ver. 3.4"
1048:
International Law and the Genetic Resources of the Deep Sea
618:. Researchers found that high flow areas were dominated by
598:. There is limited archaeal diversity, however, as only 12
429:
413:
2975:
Hecate Strait and Queen Charlotte Sound Glass Sponge Reefs
2564:
Hecate Strait and Queen Charlotte Sound Glass Sponge Reefs
1216:
1022:"Endeavour Hydrothermal Vents Marine Protected Area (MPA)"
1348:
902:
917:
1991: first extensive usage of undersea robotic vehicles
898:
1982: discovery of the first vents in Juan de Fuca Ridge
844:
called North Pacific Time-Series Underwater Experiment (
2634:
2398:
2216:
Menini, Elisabetta; Van Dover, Cindy Lee (2019-10-01).
2082:
Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers
1741:
Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers
976:
Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
859:(OOI). The US installed a sister cabled observatory at
2296:
Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems
2158:
Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems
1487:"Hydrothermal vents and prebiotic chemistry: a review"
224:
samples were recovered from the area covered in small
1734:
1019:
204:, located 260 kilometres (160 mi) southwest of
51:
2076:Ortmann, Alice C.; Suttle, Curtis A. (2005-08-01).
1075:Tivey, Margaret K.; Delaney, John R. (1986-04-01).
351:The hydrothermal vents in the area also consist of
3008:Strait of Georgia and Howe Sound Glass Sponge Reef
901:1984: exploration of the first extensive seafloor
570:which is the record for the upper limit for life.
22:Endeavour Hydrothermal Vents Marine Protected Area
1940:
7956:
1183:
923:2008-2011: Discovery of 572 chimneys in the area
920:2000: Discovery of a fifth vent field, Sasquatch
707:Expeditions and marine protected area management
2215:
1880:
7576:
7062:Nakina â Inklin Rivers (Kuthai Area)/YĂĄwu Yaa
2536:
2384:
2075:
2024:
1941:Forget, Nathalie L.; Kim Juniper, S. (2013).
715:(MPA), and was established in 2003 under the
6892:Huchsduwachsdu Nuyem Jees / Kitlope Heritage
1806:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1484:
1355:Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth
1074:
840:Since 1987, Canada has been utilizing their
764:
261:
7112:QudÇs/Gillard-Jimmy Judd Island Conservancy
6902:Indian Lake â Hitchcock Creek/Ăt Ch'Ăźni ShĂ
2832:
1384:"New Type of Hydrothermal Vent Looms Large"
371:, and as such emits a lighter-hue of smoke.
7313:Duke of Edinburgh (Pine/Storm/Tree Islets)
6186:Santa Gertrudis - Boca del Infierno Marine
2948:
2391:
2377:
2218:"An atlas of protected hydrothermal vents"
1781:
962:gravitate toward to find new discoveries.
2317:
2307:
2233:
2179:
2169:
1974:
1862:
1645:
1635:
1494:BoletĂn de la Sociedad GeolĂłgica Mexicana
1453:
1366:
1312:
1235:
889:
732:Autonomous underwater vehicle expeditions
626:, while low flow areas were dominated by
606:being the most common clone. Many of the
396:organisms to thrive in this environment.
16:Group of Pacific Ocean hydrothermal vents
4097:JĂĄji7em and Kwâulh (Sandy Island) Marine
831:
735:
572:
499:
382:
373:
265:
7865:Creston Valley Wildlife Management Area
7514:Thunderbird's Nest (T'iitsk'in Paawats)
7177:Willison Creek â Nelson Lake/SĂtâ HĂ©eni
3031:Provincial Parks & affiliated areas
1527:School of Marine Science and Technology
1381:
747:An unmanned remote-controlled vehicle,
7957:
2211:
2209:
2207:
1936:
1934:
1932:
1876:
1874:
1730:
1728:
1423:
1421:
1419:
1417:
504:Spider crabs of the Juan de Fuca Ridge
7853:
7753:
7575:
7022:Lax Kwaxl/Dundas and Melville Islands
3028:
2947:
2831:
2633:
2535:
2372:
2147:
2145:
2143:
2020:
2018:
1844:
1344:
1342:
1340:
1179:
1177:
1175:
1173:
1171:
1044:
827:
7937:
7870:Hidden Grove/Sechelt Heritage Forest
3003:Offshore Pacific Seamounts and Vents
2361:MPA regulations can be found in the
1434:Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems
1293:Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems
1282:
1280:
1255:
1253:
1251:
1249:
1247:
1212:
1210:
1208:
1122:
1120:
1118:
1070:
1068:
779:the statement of intent area of the
7980:Protected areas of British Columbia
7283:Byers-Conroy-Harvey-Sinnett Islands
6622:North Thompson Oxbows Jensen Island
2636:National Parks and affiliated areas
2400:Protected areas of British Columbia
2264:
2204:
1929:
1871:
1725:
1662:
1414:
1081:Earth and Planetary Science Letters
974: â Volcanic activity in Canada
399:
13:
7754:
7042:Mahpahkum-Ahkwuna/Deserters-Walker
6767:Bishop Bay â Monkey Beach Corridor
2721:Southern Strait of Georgia Reserve
2140:
2015:
1337:
1186:"Information archivée dans le Web"
1168:
786:
451:
444:minerals preserved at vent sites,
294:. Major sulfide phases consist of
14:
8001:
7875:Maplewood Flats Conservation Area
4381:Ancient Forest/Chun Tâoh Whudujut
2998:Gwaxdlala/Nalaxdlala (Lull/Hoeya)
2613:Mount Arrowsmith Biosphere Region
2608:Clayoquot Sound Biosphere Reserve
2355:
1277:
1244:
1205:
1115:
1065:
743:deploying off Southern California
581:
337:
7975:Marine Protected Areas of Canada
7936:
7918:
7917:
5443:Smith River Falls â Fort Halkett
986:Marine Protected Areas of Canada
639:
590:population is made up mostly of
50:
43:
27:
7157:Upper Gladys River/WatsĂx Deiyi
7067:Nakina â Inklin Rivers/YĂĄwu Yaa
2342:
2283:
2258:
2116:
2069:
1991:
1838:
1814:
1775:
1616:Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
1602:
1547:
1512:
1478:
1375:
1051:. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers.
755:autonomous underwater vehicle's
508:
378:Deep sea vent chemistry diagram
146:97 km (37 sq mi)
7880:Muskwa-Kechika Management Area
6862:Gitxaala Nii Luutiksm/Kitkatla
6817:Dzawadi/Upper Klinaklini River
5561:sxÌÊ·ÉxÌÊ·nitkÊ· (Okanagan Falls)
5013:Say Nuth Khaw Yum (Indian Arm)
4318:Purcell Wilderness Conservancy
3813:Purcell Wilderness Conservancy
1784:"What is a hydrothermal vent?"
1144:
1038:
1013:
857:Ocean Observatories Initiative
848:). NEPTUNE was founded by the
256:Canadian Marine Protected Area
1:
7970:Volcanism of British Columbia
7213:Anne Vallée (Triangle Island)
5209:Saysutshun (Newcastle Island)
4717:Dala-Kildala Rivers Estuaries
2980:SGaan Kinghlas-Bowie Seamount
2558:Canadian Rocky Mountain Parks
1045:Leary, David Kenneth (2007).
1006:
854:National Science Foundation's
235:on leg 10 of cruise AII-112.
7697:Skwelwil'em Squamish Estuary
7017:Lax Kul Nii Luutiksm/Bonilla
6842:Ethelda Bay â Tennant Island
5036:Broughton Archipelago Marine
4857:Seven Sisters Protected Area
4702:Tazdli Wyiez Bin/Burnie-Shea
3351:Tazdli Wyiez Bin/Burnie-Shea
2970:Endeavour Hydrothermal Vents
2488:Northern/Central BC Interior
2235:10.1016/j.marpol.2019.103654
1485:ColĂn-GarcĂa, MarĂa (2016).
1101:10.1016/0012-821X(86)90142-1
781:Nuu-chahnulth Tribal Council
648:found in these areas is the
329:, such as those detected by
182:Endeavour Hydrothermal Vents
130:Endeavour Hydrothermal Vents
7:
7652:McTaggart-Cowan/NsÉk'Ćniw't
7647:Lazo Marsh-North East Comox
7087:Outer Central Coast Islands
6106:HĂĄthayim (Von Donop) Marine
6018:Spatsizi Plateau Wilderness
5169:Little Qualicum River Falls
1887:The Journal of Microbiology
1382:Perkins, Sid (2001-07-14).
981:List of volcanoes in Canada
965:
624:hydrogen oxidizing bacteria
559:Pacific white-sided dolphin
173:Fisheries and Oceans Canada
10:
8006:
7901:Swan Lake Nature Sanctuary
7896:Sea to Sea Green Blue Belt
7469:Homathko River - Tatlayoko
7052:Moksgmâol/ChappleâCornwall
7047:Maxtaktsm'aa/Union Passage
7007:Lady Douglas-Don Peninsula
6857:Forward Harbour/ÆÉxÌÉá”ÉyÉm
6617:North Thompson Oxbows East
5604:Buckinghorse River Wayside
4659:SxÌ±Ăłtsaqel/Chilliwack Lake
2889:Migratory Bird Sanctuaries
2687:South OkanaganâSimilkameen
1822:"NatureServe Explorer 2.0"
59:Location off the coast of
7913:
7860:
7854:
7849:
7762:
7749:
7662:Parksville-Qualicum Beach
7582:
7577:Wildlife Management Areas
7571:
7537:
7504:South Okanagan Grasslands
7426:
7318:Dewdney and Glide Islands
7195:
6762:Bishop Bay â Monkey Beach
6744:
6367:
6254:
6056:
5968:
5940:South Chilcotin Mountains
5830:
5762:
5574:
5466:
5383:
5275:
5222:
5124:
5021:
4973:
4895:
4837:Nisga'a Memorial Lava Bed
4667:
4544:
4371:
4218:
4140:
4117:Mount Geoffrey Escarpment
4067:
3919:
3861:
3723:
3685:
3502:
3394:
3246:Little Andrews Bay Marine
3171:
3048:
3041:
3037:
3024:
2988:
2960:
2956:
2943:
2887:
2844:
2840:
2827:
2734:
2707:Marine Conservation Areas
2705:
2646:
2642:
2629:
2598:
2548:
2544:
2538:International Recognition
2531:
2406:
2102:10.1016/j.dsr.2005.04.002
1899:10.1007/s12275-008-0311-z
1867:– via ResearchGate.
1851:Canadian Field-Naturalist
1761:10.1016/j.dsr.2015.10.004
1637:10.1016/j.gca.2015.10.021
1572:10.1007/s00284-006-0320-2
1506:10.18268/BSGM2016v68n3a13
1132:vents-data.interridge.org
765:First Nations involvement
262:Geology and geomorphology
168:
160:
150:
142:
96:
78:
38:
26:
21:
7642:LhĂĄ:lt/Harrison-Chehalis
7617:Cranberry Marsh/Starratt
7142:Tutshi Lake/Tâoochâ Ăayi
7077:Nang Xaldangaas Heritage
6917:K'distsausk/Turtle Point
6882:Hotsprings-No Name Creek
6692:Stein Valley Nlaka'pamux
6141:Mquqá”in/Brooks Peninsula
6131:Mitlenatch Island Nature
5719:Prophet River Hotsprings
5433:Scatter River Old Growth
5428:Northern Rocky Mountains
5179:Morden Colliery Historic
5091:Mquqá”in/Brooks Peninsula
5051:Cormorant Channel Marine
4862:Sleeping Beauty Mountain
4822:Nalbeelah Creek Wetlands
3381:Uncha Mountain Red Hills
3281:Nenikëkh/Nanika-Kidprice
3231:Ethel F. Wilson Memorial
1864:10.22621/cfn.v131i2.1873
1826:explorer.natureserve.org
852:(ONC) in joint with the
824:depending on the issue.
286:, particularly those of
7627:East Side Columbia Lake
6987:Kts'mkta'ani/Union Lake
6982:Ktisgaidz/MacDonald Bay
6402:Blue River Black Spruce
6166:Rendezvous Island South
5782:Desolation Sound Marine
5777:Copeland Islands Marine
5629:Ed Bird â Estella Lakes
5468:Okanagan-Similkameen RD
5413:Liard River Hot Springs
5247:Klewnuggit Inlet Marine
4877:Swan Lake Kispiox River
4757:Iskut River Hot Springs
4210:Whaleboat Island Marine
3710:Sir Alexander Mackenzie
3434:Discovery Island Marine
2846:National Wildlife Areas
2834:National Wildlife Areas
2774:Gulf of Georgia Cannery
2736:National Historic Sites
2493:Okanagan-Similkameen RD
2039:10.1126/science.1086823
1237:10.5670/oceanog.2012.03
1093:1986E&PSL..77..303T
697:symbiotic vent bacteria
667:Paralvinella sulfincola
662:Macroregonia macrochira
7990:Oceanography of Canada
7479:Lac du Bois Grasslands
7444:Brim River Hot Springs
7388:San Juan River Estuary
7122:Shearwater Hot Springs
6967:Ksgaxl/Stephens Island
6612:North Thompson Islands
6477:Eakin Creek Floodplain
6319:Princess Louisa Marine
6289:Harmony Islands Marine
6151:Octopus Islands Marine
5930:Seton Portage Historic
5802:Jedediah Island Marine
5556:swÌiwÌs (Haynes Point)
5458:Toad River Hot Springs
5144:Englishman River Falls
5031:Allison Harbour Marine
4762:Jackson Narrows Marine
3695:Codville Lagoon Marine
2962:Marine Protected Areas
2950:Marine Protected Areas
2128:oceanexplorer.noaa.gov
1152:"HOV ALVIN DIVES DATA"
890:Scientific discoveries
837:
744:
728:, and collaboration".
713:Marine protected areas
578:
567:northern elephant seal
563:leatherback sea turtle
505:
379:
271:
7837:tÉmtÉmĂxÊ·tÉn/Belcarra
7622:Dewdrop-Rosseau Creek
7555:Mount Edziza (former)
7529:White Lake Grasslands
7107:Qâaltanaas/Aaltanhash
7057:Monckton Nii Luutiksm
6997:K'uuna Gwaay Heritage
6897:Hunwadi/Ahnuhati-Bald
6772:Broughton Archipelago
6532:Harbour Dudgeon Lakes
6334:Sechelt Inlets Marine
6033:TÄ ChâilÄ (Boya Lake)
5983:Dall River Old Growth
5978:Atlin/Ăa Tlein TĂ©ix'i
5807:Sabine Channel Marine
5724:Prophet River Wayside
5355:Shuswap River Islands
4797:Lakelse Lake Wetlands
4752:Hai LakeâMount Herman
4707:Choquette Hot Springs
4511:Sugarbowl-Grizzly Den
4373:Fraser-Fort George RD
4268:Height of the Rockies
4019:Shuswap River Islands
3705:Penrose Island Marine
3454:ÈœĂU,WELáčEW̱/John Dean
3196:Babine River Corridor
2769:Gitwangak Battle Hill
1999:"Endeavour Hot Vents"
1845:Holst, Meike (2017).
1788:oceanservice.noaa.gov
996:Ocean Networks Canada
884:Ocean Networks Canada
878:geochemical sensors.
865:Regional Cabled Array
850:Ocean Networks Canada
835:
750:MBARI AUV D. Allan B.
739:
695:family. Furthermore,
633:Epsilonproteobacteria
576:
503:
412:, such as those from
383:Heating and chemistry
377:
269:
200:in the north-eastern
155:Marine Protected Area
7672:Pitt-Addington Marsh
7162:Upper Kimsquit River
7147:UgÊ·iwaâ/Cape Caution
7117:Qwiquallaaq/Boat Bay
7102:Polkinghorne Islands
7012:Lax kaâgaas/Campania
6977:Ksi xts'at'kw/Stagoo
6802:Daawuuxusda Heritage
6627:North Thompson River
6349:Smuggler Cove Marine
6344:Skookumchuck Narrows
6304:Musket Island Marine
6086:Catala Island Marine
5832:Squamish-Lillooet RD
5699:Peace River Corridor
5408:Liard River Corridor
5242:Kitson Island Marine
5066:Lanz and Cox Islands
4897:Kootenay Boundary RD
4887:Union Passage Marine
4386:Arctic Pacific Lakes
3954:Burges James Gadsden
3592:Junction Sheep Range
3050:Alberni-Clayoquot RD
2869:Scott Islands Marine
2804:Twin Falls Tea House
2715:Gwaii Haanas Reserve
2666:Gwaii Haanas Reserve
2661:Gulf Islands Reserve
2550:World Heritage Sites
2498:Squamish-Lillooet RD
2463:Kootenay Boundary RD
2418:Alberni-Clayoquot RD
1560:Current Microbiology
1520:"Hydrothermal Vents"
1455:10.1029/2020GC008917
1368:10.1029/2002JB001957
1314:10.1029/2020GC008917
759:MBARI AUV D. Allan B
741:MBARI AUV D. Allan B
535:Sericosura venticola
314:). These sites are:
186:Main Endeavour Field
7418:Vladimir J. Krajina
7393:Sikanni Chief River
7323:East Redonda Island
7298:Claud Elliott Creek
7196:Ecological reserves
7167:Upper Rogers kóុii7
7137:Tsa-LatÄș/Smokehouse
7027:Lax Kwil Dziidz/Fin
6952:K'nabiyaaxl/Ashdown
6947:Kâmooda/Lowe-Gamble
6937:Kitasoo Spirit Bear
6927:Khutzeymateen Inlet
6672:Pyramid Creek Falls
6527:Greenstone Mountain
6437:Chu Chua Cottonwood
6427:Castle Rock Hoodoos
6309:Plumper Cove Marine
6284:Hardy Island Marine
6226:Thurston Bay Marine
6181:Rugged Point Marine
6161:Rebecca Spit Marine
6013:Spatsizi Headwaters
5817:South Texada Island
5664:Kwadacha Wilderness
5403:Kotcho Lake Village
5385:Northern Rockies RM
5365:Skookumchuck Rapids
5189:Pirates Cove Marine
5061:God's Pocket Marine
5023:Mount Waddington RD
4882:Todagin South Slope
4516:Three Sisters Lakes
4205:West Shawnigan Lake
4044:Upper Seymour River
4029:Skookumchuck Rapids
4009:Shuswap Lake Marine
3959:Cinnemousun Narrows
3921:Columbia-Shuswap RD
3863:Central Okanagan RD
3725:Central Kootenay RD
2681:Pacific Rim Reserve
2438:Columbia-Shuswap RD
2094:2005DSRI...52.1515O
1753:2015DSRI..106..154L
1695:10.1038/nature01824
1687:2003Natur.424..545T
1628:2016GeCoA.173...64J
1446:2020GGG....2108917C
1305:2020GGG....2108917C
972:Volcanism in Canada
726:adaptive management
691:that belong to the
682:polynoid scaleworms
664:), sulphide worms (
244:autonomous vehicles
220:. In 1982, dredged
184:(also known as the
169:Governing body
114: /
7985:Holocene volcanism
7965:Hydrothermal vents
7667:Pemberton Wetlands
7248:Big White Mountain
7152:Upper Elaho Valley
6822:Ecstall Headwaters
6812:Duu Guusd Heritage
6792:Cetan/Thurston Bay
6757:Banks Nii Ćuutiksm
6472:Eakin Creek Canyon
6369:Thompson-Nicola RD
6279:Halkett Bay Marine
6206:Strathcona-Westmin
6191:Small Inlet Marine
6043:Tatshenshini-Alsek
5865:Bridge River Delta
5855:Brackendale Eagles
5438:Sikanni Old Growth
5370:Upper Violet Creek
5252:Lower Skeena River
5046:Claud Elliott Lake
4975:Metro Vancouver RD
4747:Green Inlet Marine
4669:Kitimat-Stikine RD
4446:Heather-Dina Lakes
4436:Fort George Canyon
4142:Cowichan Valley RD
3700:Oliver Cove Marine
3331:Stuart Lake Marine
3186:Babine Lake Marine
3173:Bulkley-Nechako RD
3098:Hesquiat Peninsula
2779:Kicking Horse Pass
2749:Fisgard Lighthouse
2600:Biosphere Reserves
2513:Thompson-Nicola RD
2448:Cowichan Valley RD
1193:publications.gc.ca
991:Hydrothermal Vents
842:cabled observatory
838:
828:Cabled observatory
745:
684:, and palm worms (
579:
506:
380:
272:
249:Juan de Fuca plate
218:Juan de Fuca Ridge
198:hydrothermal vents
119:47.950°N 129.100°W
83:Juan de Fuca Ridge
7952:
7951:
7909:
7908:
7886:Sacred Headwaters
7845:
7844:
7797:Island View Beach
7745:
7744:
7702:South Arm Marshes
7607:Columbia Wetlands
7567:
7566:
7563:
7562:
7545:Coquihalla Summit
7223:Ballingall Islets
6992:Kunâš±alas Heritage
6832:Ecstall-Spokskuut
6827:Ecstall-Sparkling
6740:
6739:
6712:Upper Adams River
6662:Porcupine Meadows
6294:Mount Elphinstone
6274:Garden Bay Marine
6256:Sunshine Coast RD
6091:Dixie Cove Marine
6071:Big Bunsby Marine
5850:Blackcomb Glacier
5709:Pine River Breaks
5531:Okanagan Mountain
5285:Denison - Bonneau
5277:North Okanagan RD
4935:Gilpin Grasslands
4807:Lowe Inlet Marine
4782:Kitwanga Mountain
4569:Coquihalla Canyon
4559:Bridal Veil Falls
4501:Small River Caves
4406:Close-To-The-Edge
4333:St. Mary's Alpine
4298:Mount Assiniboine
4228:Akamina-Kishinena
3901:Okanagan Mountain
3627:Puntchesakut Lake
3542:Cariboo Mountains
3346:Takla Lake Marine
3216:Dead Man's Island
3113:Kennedy River Bog
3063:Clayoquot Plateau
3020:
3019:
3016:
3015:
2939:
2938:
2935:
2934:
2823:
2822:
2819:
2818:
2625:
2624:
2621:
2620:
2478:North Okanagan RD
1681:(6948): 545â549.
1026:www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca
909:thermal radiation
604:Desulfurococcales
196:) are a group of
178:
177:
7997:
7940:
7939:
7921:
7920:
7891:
7851:
7850:
7812:Mount Arrowsmith
7751:
7750:
7573:
7572:
7538:Recreation areas
7459:Craig Headwaters
7413:Tsitika Mountain
7253:Blackwater Creek
7238:Beresford Island
7182:Yaaguun Gandlaay
6837:Ellerslie-Roscoe
6717:Walhachin Oxbows
6702:Tsintsunko Lakes
6552:Kentucky Alleyne
6542:High Lakes Basin
6537:Harry Lake Aspen
6512:French Bar Creek
6299:Mount Richardson
6111:Homathko Estuary
5860:Brandywine Falls
5649:Hole-in-the-Wall
5511:Keremeos Columns
5398:Jackpine Remnant
5325:Kingfisher Creek
5199:Roberts Memorial
5194:Rathtrevor Beach
5164:Horne Lake Caves
4910:Boothman's Oxbow
4842:Owyacumish River
4827:Netalzul Meadows
4737:Gitnadoiks River
4727:Exchamsiks River
4697:Bulkley Junction
4574:Coquihalla River
4564:Chilliwack River
4554:Alexandra Bridge
4546:Fraser Valley RD
4396:Bobtail Mountain
4343:Top of the World
4220:East Kootenay RD
4155:Carmanah Walbran
3984:Kingfisher Creek
3715:Tweedsmuir South
3687:Central Coast RD
3647:Schoolhouse Lake
3637:Rainbow-Qiwentem
3562:Cottonwood River
3464:Montague Harbour
3371:Tweedsmuir South
3366:Tweedsmuir North
3341:Sutherland River
3286:Netalzul Meadows
3221:Driftwood Canyon
3191:Babine Mountains
3046:
3045:
3039:
3038:
3026:
3025:
2958:
2957:
2945:
2944:
2927:Victoria Harbour
2907:George C. Reifel
2902:Esquimalt Lagoon
2842:
2841:
2829:
2828:
2726:
2692:
2676:Mount Revelstoke
2644:
2643:
2631:
2630:
2590:
2569:
2546:
2545:
2533:
2532:
2458:Fraser Valley RD
2453:East Kootenay RD
2413:
2393:
2386:
2379:
2370:
2369:
2349:
2346:
2340:
2339:
2321:
2311:
2309:10.1002/aqc.3020
2287:
2281:
2280:
2278:
2277:
2262:
2256:
2255:
2237:
2213:
2202:
2201:
2183:
2173:
2171:10.1002/aqc.3020
2149:
2138:
2137:
2135:
2134:
2120:
2114:
2113:
2088:(8): 1515â1527.
2073:
2067:
2066:
2022:
2013:
2012:
2010:
2009:
2003:ibis.geog.ubc.ca
1995:
1989:
1988:
1978:
1947:MicrobiologyOpen
1938:
1927:
1926:
1878:
1869:
1868:
1866:
1842:
1836:
1835:
1833:
1832:
1818:
1812:
1811:
1805:
1797:
1795:
1794:
1779:
1773:
1772:
1732:
1723:
1722:
1666:
1660:
1659:
1649:
1639:
1606:
1600:
1599:
1551:
1545:
1544:
1542:
1541:
1535:
1529:. Archived from
1524:
1516:
1510:
1509:
1491:
1482:
1476:
1475:
1457:
1425:
1412:
1411:
1379:
1373:
1372:
1370:
1346:
1335:
1334:
1316:
1284:
1275:
1274:
1272:
1271:
1257:
1242:
1241:
1239:
1214:
1203:
1202:
1200:
1199:
1190:
1181:
1166:
1165:
1163:
1162:
1148:
1142:
1141:
1139:
1138:
1124:
1113:
1112:
1072:
1063:
1062:
1042:
1036:
1035:
1033:
1032:
1017:
977:
804:from the ships,
772:Vancouver Island
654:Ridgeia piscesae
458:phase separation
400:Chemical ecology
394:chemoautotrophic
210:British Columbia
206:Vancouver Island
138:
137:
135:
134:
133:
131:
126:
125:
124:47.950; -129.100
120:
115:
112:
111:
110:
107:
87:British Columbia
65:British Columbia
61:Vancouver Island
54:
53:
47:
31:
19:
18:
8005:
8004:
8000:
7999:
7998:
7996:
7995:
7994:
7955:
7954:
7953:
7948:
7905:
7889:
7856:
7841:
7792:Elk/Beaver Lake
7772:Campbell Valley
7758:
7741:
7732:Tofino Mudflats
7612:Coquitlam River
7578:
7559:
7533:
7427:Protected areas
7422:
7398:Solander Island
7363:Mount Tzouhalem
7278:Burnt Cabin Bog
7273:Buck Hills Road
7191:
7032:Lockhart-Gordon
6942:Kâlgaan/Klekane
6872:Hakai LĂșxvbĂĄlĂs
6867:Gunboat Harbour
6787:Cascade-Sutslem
6736:
6607:Niskonlith Lake
6447:Coldwater River
6407:Blue River Pine
6397:Blue Earth Lake
6363:
6250:
6171:Rock Bay Marine
6126:Mansons Landing
6052:
5998:Horneline Creek
5964:
5845:Birkenhead Lake
5826:
5758:
5694:One Island Lake
5684:Muscovite Lakes
5570:
5462:
5379:
5271:
5218:
5120:
5056:Echo Bay Marine
5017:
4969:
4955:Johnstone Creek
4891:
4732:Foch-Gilttoyees
4663:
4540:
4491:Rearguard Falls
4481:Ptarmigan Creek
4471:Mount Terry Fox
4367:
4363:Windermere Lake
4214:
4160:Chemainus River
4136:
4069:Comox Valley RD
4063:
3915:
3857:
3783:Kokanee Glacier
3768:Grohman Narrows
3719:
3681:
3572:Dragon Mountain
3498:
3424:Collinson Point
3390:
3271:Nadina Mountain
3167:
3143:Sulphur Passage
3033:
3012:
2984:
2952:
2931:
2883:
2836:
2815:
2730:
2724:
2701:
2690:
2638:
2617:
2594:
2588:
2567:
2540:
2527:
2473:New Westminster
2443:Comox Valley RD
2402:
2397:
2358:
2353:
2352:
2347:
2343:
2288:
2284:
2275:
2273:
2263:
2259:
2214:
2205:
2150:
2141:
2132:
2130:
2122:
2121:
2117:
2074:
2070:
2023:
2016:
2007:
2005:
1997:
1996:
1992:
1959:10.1002/mbo3.70
1939:
1930:
1879:
1872:
1843:
1839:
1830:
1828:
1820:
1819:
1815:
1799:
1798:
1792:
1790:
1780:
1776:
1733:
1726:
1667:
1663:
1607:
1603:
1552:
1548:
1539:
1537:
1533:
1522:
1518:
1517:
1513:
1489:
1483:
1479:
1426:
1415:
1400:10.2307/4012715
1380:
1376:
1347:
1338:
1285:
1278:
1269:
1267:
1259:
1258:
1245:
1215:
1206:
1197:
1195:
1188:
1182:
1169:
1160:
1158:
1150:
1149:
1145:
1136:
1134:
1126:
1125:
1116:
1073:
1066:
1059:
1043:
1039:
1030:
1028:
1018:
1014:
1009:
975:
968:
956:microbiologists
892:
830:
798:fishing vessels
793:deep-sea mining
789:
787:Area protection
767:
734:
722:ecosystem-based
709:
642:
584:
551:Dall's porpoise
539:endemic species
521:. They provide
511:
483:
454:
452:Thermal biology
402:
385:
340:
264:
129:
127:
123:
121:
117:
116:
113:
108:
105:
103:
101:
100:
85:
74:
73:
72:
71:
57:
56:
55:
34:
17:
12:
11:
5:
8003:
7993:
7992:
7987:
7982:
7977:
7972:
7967:
7950:
7949:
7947:
7946:
7934:
7927:
7914:
7911:
7910:
7907:
7906:
7904:
7903:
7898:
7893:
7882:
7877:
7872:
7867:
7861:
7858:
7857:
7847:
7846:
7843:
7842:
7840:
7839:
7834:
7829:
7827:Sooke Potholes
7824:
7822:Pacific Spirit
7819:
7814:
7809:
7804:
7799:
7794:
7789:
7784:
7779:
7777:Capilano River
7774:
7769:
7763:
7760:
7759:
7756:Regional Parks
7747:
7746:
7743:
7742:
7740:
7739:
7734:
7729:
7724:
7719:
7714:
7712:Stellako River
7709:
7707:South Okanagan
7704:
7699:
7694:
7689:
7684:
7679:
7677:Quatse Estuary
7674:
7669:
7664:
7659:
7654:
7649:
7644:
7639:
7634:
7632:Green Mountain
7629:
7624:
7619:
7614:
7609:
7604:
7599:
7597:Chilanko Marsh
7594:
7589:
7583:
7580:
7579:
7569:
7568:
7565:
7564:
7561:
7560:
7558:
7557:
7552:
7547:
7541:
7539:
7535:
7534:
7532:
7531:
7526:
7521:
7516:
7511:
7506:
7501:
7496:
7491:
7489:Nechako Canyon
7486:
7481:
7476:
7471:
7466:
7461:
7456:
7451:
7446:
7441:
7439:Brent Mountain
7436:
7430:
7428:
7424:
7423:
7421:
7420:
7415:
7410:
7405:
7400:
7395:
7390:
7385:
7380:
7375:
7370:
7365:
7360:
7355:
7350:
7345:
7340:
7338:Ilgachuz Range
7335:
7330:
7328:Gingietl Creek
7325:
7320:
7315:
7310:
7305:
7300:
7295:
7290:
7285:
7280:
7275:
7270:
7265:
7260:
7255:
7250:
7245:
7240:
7235:
7230:
7225:
7220:
7215:
7210:
7205:
7199:
7197:
7193:
7192:
7190:
7189:
7184:
7179:
7174:
7169:
7164:
7159:
7154:
7149:
7144:
7139:
7134:
7132:Tlall Heritage
7129:
7124:
7119:
7114:
7109:
7104:
7099:
7094:
7089:
7084:
7079:
7074:
7069:
7064:
7059:
7054:
7049:
7044:
7039:
7034:
7029:
7024:
7019:
7014:
7009:
7004:
6999:
6994:
6989:
6984:
6979:
6974:
6969:
6964:
6959:
6954:
6949:
6944:
6939:
6934:
6929:
6924:
6919:
6914:
6912:Kennedy Island
6909:
6904:
6899:
6894:
6889:
6884:
6879:
6874:
6869:
6864:
6859:
6854:
6849:
6844:
6839:
6834:
6829:
6824:
6819:
6814:
6809:
6804:
6799:
6794:
6789:
6784:
6782:Calvert Island
6779:
6777:Burdwood Group
6774:
6769:
6764:
6759:
6754:
6748:
6746:
6742:
6741:
6738:
6737:
6735:
6734:
6729:
6724:
6719:
6714:
6709:
6704:
6699:
6694:
6689:
6684:
6679:
6674:
6669:
6664:
6659:
6654:
6649:
6644:
6639:
6637:Painted Bluffs
6634:
6629:
6624:
6619:
6614:
6609:
6604:
6602:Mud Lake Delta
6599:
6594:
6589:
6584:
6579:
6574:
6572:McConnell Lake
6569:
6564:
6559:
6554:
6549:
6544:
6539:
6534:
6529:
6524:
6519:
6514:
6509:
6504:
6499:
6494:
6489:
6484:
6479:
6474:
6469:
6464:
6459:
6457:Cornwall Hills
6454:
6449:
6444:
6439:
6434:
6429:
6424:
6419:
6414:
6409:
6404:
6399:
6394:
6389:
6384:
6379:
6373:
6371:
6365:
6364:
6362:
6361:
6356:
6351:
6346:
6341:
6336:
6331:
6326:
6321:
6316:
6311:
6306:
6301:
6296:
6291:
6286:
6281:
6276:
6271:
6266:
6260:
6258:
6252:
6251:
6249:
6248:
6243:
6238:
6233:
6228:
6223:
6218:
6213:
6208:
6203:
6198:
6193:
6188:
6183:
6178:
6173:
6168:
6163:
6158:
6153:
6148:
6143:
6138:
6133:
6128:
6123:
6118:
6113:
6108:
6103:
6098:
6093:
6088:
6083:
6078:
6073:
6068:
6062:
6060:
6054:
6053:
6051:
6050:
6048:Tuya Mountains
6045:
6040:
6035:
6030:
6025:
6020:
6015:
6010:
6005:
6000:
5995:
5990:
5985:
5980:
5974:
5972:
5970:Stikine Region
5966:
5965:
5963:
5962:
5957:
5955:Upper Lillooet
5952:
5947:
5945:Stawamus Chief
5942:
5937:
5932:
5927:
5922:
5917:
5912:
5907:
5902:
5897:
5892:
5887:
5882:
5877:
5872:
5870:Callaghan Lake
5867:
5862:
5857:
5852:
5847:
5842:
5836:
5834:
5828:
5827:
5825:
5824:
5819:
5814:
5809:
5804:
5799:
5794:
5789:
5784:
5779:
5774:
5768:
5766:
5760:
5759:
5757:
5756:
5751:
5749:Taylor Landing
5746:
5741:
5736:
5731:
5726:
5721:
5716:
5711:
5706:
5701:
5696:
5691:
5686:
5681:
5676:
5671:
5669:Milligan Hills
5666:
5661:
5656:
5651:
5646:
5641:
5639:Graham-Laurier
5636:
5631:
5626:
5621:
5616:
5611:
5606:
5601:
5596:
5591:
5586:
5580:
5578:
5576:Peace River RD
5572:
5571:
5569:
5568:
5563:
5558:
5553:
5548:
5543:
5538:
5533:
5528:
5523:
5518:
5513:
5508:
5503:
5498:
5493:
5488:
5483:
5478:
5472:
5470:
5464:
5463:
5461:
5460:
5455:
5450:
5448:Stone Mountain
5445:
5440:
5435:
5430:
5425:
5420:
5418:Maxhamish Lake
5415:
5410:
5405:
5400:
5395:
5389:
5387:
5381:
5380:
5378:
5377:
5372:
5367:
5362:
5357:
5352:
5347:
5342:
5337:
5332:
5327:
5322:
5317:
5315:Kalamalka Lake
5312:
5307:
5302:
5300:Enderby Cliffs
5297:
5292:
5287:
5281:
5279:
5273:
5272:
5270:
5269:
5264:
5262:Prudhomme Lake
5259:
5254:
5249:
5244:
5239:
5234:
5228:
5226:
5224:North Coast RD
5220:
5219:
5217:
5216:
5211:
5206:
5201:
5196:
5191:
5186:
5181:
5176:
5171:
5166:
5161:
5156:
5151:
5149:Gabriola Sands
5146:
5141:
5136:
5130:
5128:
5122:
5121:
5119:
5118:
5113:
5108:
5103:
5098:
5093:
5088:
5083:
5078:
5076:Lower Nimpkish
5073:
5068:
5063:
5058:
5053:
5048:
5043:
5038:
5033:
5027:
5025:
5019:
5018:
5016:
5015:
5010:
5008:Pinecone Burke
5005:
5000:
4995:
4990:
4985:
4979:
4977:
4971:
4970:
4968:
4967:
4962:
4960:King George VI
4957:
4952:
4947:
4942:
4937:
4932:
4927:
4925:Christina Lake
4922:
4920:Champion Lakes
4917:
4915:Boundary Creek
4912:
4907:
4901:
4899:
4893:
4892:
4890:
4889:
4884:
4879:
4874:
4869:
4864:
4859:
4854:
4849:
4844:
4839:
4834:
4829:
4824:
4819:
4814:
4809:
4804:
4799:
4794:
4789:
4784:
4779:
4774:
4769:
4764:
4759:
4754:
4749:
4744:
4739:
4734:
4729:
4724:
4719:
4714:
4709:
4704:
4699:
4694:
4689:
4684:
4679:
4677:Anderson Flats
4673:
4671:
4665:
4664:
4662:
4661:
4656:
4651:
4646:
4641:
4636:
4631:
4626:
4621:
4616:
4611:
4606:
4601:
4596:
4591:
4586:
4581:
4576:
4571:
4566:
4561:
4556:
4550:
4548:
4542:
4541:
4539:
4538:
4536:Whiskers Point
4533:
4528:
4523:
4518:
4513:
4508:
4503:
4498:
4493:
4488:
4483:
4478:
4473:
4468:
4463:
4458:
4453:
4448:
4443:
4438:
4433:
4428:
4423:
4418:
4413:
4408:
4403:
4398:
4393:
4388:
4383:
4377:
4375:
4369:
4368:
4366:
4365:
4360:
4358:Whiteswan Lake
4355:
4350:
4345:
4340:
4335:
4330:
4325:
4320:
4315:
4310:
4305:
4300:
4295:
4290:
4285:
4280:
4275:
4270:
4265:
4260:
4255:
4250:
4245:
4240:
4235:
4230:
4224:
4222:
4216:
4215:
4213:
4212:
4207:
4202:
4197:
4195:Spectacle Lake
4192:
4187:
4182:
4180:Koksilah River
4177:
4172:
4167:
4165:Cowichan River
4162:
4157:
4152:
4146:
4144:
4138:
4137:
4135:
4134:
4129:
4124:
4122:Rosewall Creek
4119:
4114:
4109:
4104:
4099:
4094:
4089:
4084:
4079:
4073:
4071:
4065:
4064:
4062:
4061:
4056:
4051:
4046:
4041:
4036:
4031:
4026:
4021:
4016:
4011:
4006:
4001:
3996:
3991:
3986:
3981:
3976:
3971:
3966:
3961:
3956:
3951:
3946:
3941:
3936:
3934:Anstey-Hunakwa
3931:
3925:
3923:
3917:
3916:
3914:
3913:
3908:
3903:
3898:
3893:
3891:Kalamalka Lake
3888:
3883:
3878:
3873:
3867:
3865:
3859:
3858:
3856:
3855:
3850:
3845:
3840:
3835:
3830:
3825:
3820:
3815:
3810:
3805:
3803:McDonald Creek
3800:
3798:Lockhart Creek
3795:
3793:Lockhart Beach
3790:
3785:
3780:
3775:
3770:
3765:
3760:
3755:
3750:
3745:
3740:
3738:Champion Lakes
3735:
3729:
3727:
3721:
3720:
3718:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3691:
3689:
3683:
3682:
3680:
3679:
3674:
3669:
3664:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3604:
3599:
3594:
3589:
3587:Itcha Ilgachuz
3584:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3547:Cariboo Nature
3544:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3514:
3508:
3506:
3500:
3499:
3497:
3496:
3494:Wallace Island
3491:
3489:Sooke Potholes
3486:
3484:Sooke Mountain
3481:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3429:Dionisio Point
3426:
3421:
3416:
3411:
3406:
3400:
3398:
3392:
3391:
3389:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3373:
3368:
3363:
3361:Trembleur Lake
3358:
3356:Topley Landing
3353:
3348:
3343:
3338:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3291:Nilkitkwa Lake
3288:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3256:Mount Blanchet
3253:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3177:
3175:
3169:
3168:
3166:
3165:
3160:
3158:Tranquil Creek
3155:
3150:
3145:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3068:Dawley Passage
3065:
3060:
3054:
3052:
3043:
3035:
3034:
3022:
3021:
3018:
3017:
3014:
3013:
3011:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2994:
2992:
2990:Marine Refuges
2986:
2985:
2983:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2966:
2964:
2954:
2953:
2941:
2940:
2937:
2936:
2933:
2932:
2930:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2897:Christie Islet
2893:
2891:
2885:
2884:
2882:
2881:
2879:Widgeon Valley
2876:
2874:Vaseux-Bighorn
2871:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2850:
2848:
2838:
2837:
2825:
2824:
2821:
2820:
2817:
2816:
2814:
2813:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2784:Kootanae House
2781:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2764:Fort St. James
2761:
2759:Fort Rodd Hill
2756:
2751:
2746:
2744:Chilkoot Trail
2740:
2738:
2732:
2731:
2729:
2728:
2717:
2711:
2709:
2703:
2702:
2700:
2699:
2694:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2652:
2650:
2648:National Parks
2640:
2639:
2627:
2626:
2623:
2622:
2619:
2618:
2616:
2615:
2610:
2604:
2602:
2596:
2595:
2593:
2592:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2560:
2554:
2552:
2542:
2541:
2529:
2528:
2526:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2407:
2404:
2403:
2396:
2395:
2388:
2381:
2373:
2367:
2366:
2357:
2356:External links
2354:
2351:
2350:
2341:
2302:(S2): 84â102.
2282:
2265:Narwhal, The.
2257:
2203:
2164:(S2): 84â102.
2139:
2115:
2068:
2014:
1990:
1953:(2): 259â275.
1928:
1893:(3): 235â247.
1870:
1857:(2): 120â124.
1837:
1813:
1774:
1724:
1661:
1601:
1566:(5): 449â456.
1546:
1511:
1500:(3): 599â620.
1477:
1413:
1374:
1336:
1276:
1243:
1204:
1167:
1156:www.kaggle.com
1143:
1114:
1087:(3): 303â317.
1064:
1058:978-9004155008
1057:
1037:
1011:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1004:
1003:
998:
993:
988:
983:
978:
967:
964:
960:oceanographers
940:
939:
936:
927:
924:
921:
918:
915:
912:
905:
899:
891:
888:
861:Axial Seamount
829:
826:
788:
785:
776:Nuu-chah-nulth
766:
763:
733:
730:
708:
705:
701:chemosynthesis
641:
638:
592:proteobacteria
583:
582:Microorganisms
580:
547:marine mammals
510:
507:
481:
478:carbon dioxide
453:
450:
406:oceanic ridges
401:
398:
384:
381:
339:
338:Vent structure
336:
284:metal sulfides
263:
260:
240:microorganisms
176:
175:
170:
166:
165:
162:
158:
157:
152:
148:
147:
144:
140:
139:
98:
94:
93:
80:
76:
75:
58:
49:
48:
42:
41:
40:
39:
36:
35:
32:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8002:
7991:
7988:
7986:
7983:
7981:
7978:
7976:
7973:
7971:
7968:
7966:
7963:
7962:
7960:
7945:
7944:
7935:
7933:
7932:
7928:
7926:
7925:
7916:
7915:
7912:
7902:
7899:
7897:
7894:
7888:
7887:
7883:
7881:
7878:
7876:
7873:
7871:
7868:
7866:
7863:
7862:
7859:
7852:
7848:
7838:
7835:
7833:
7830:
7828:
7825:
7823:
7820:
7818:
7817:Mount Douglas
7815:
7813:
7810:
7808:
7805:
7803:
7800:
7798:
7795:
7793:
7790:
7788:
7785:
7783:
7782:Cascade Falls
7780:
7778:
7775:
7773:
7770:
7768:
7765:
7764:
7761:
7757:
7752:
7748:
7738:
7735:
7733:
7730:
7728:
7725:
7723:
7720:
7718:
7717:Sturgeon Bank
7715:
7713:
7710:
7708:
7705:
7703:
7700:
7698:
7695:
7693:
7690:
7688:
7685:
7683:
7680:
7678:
7675:
7673:
7670:
7668:
7665:
7663:
7660:
7658:
7655:
7653:
7650:
7648:
7645:
7643:
7640:
7638:
7637:Hamling Lakes
7635:
7633:
7630:
7628:
7625:
7623:
7620:
7618:
7615:
7613:
7610:
7608:
7605:
7603:
7600:
7598:
7595:
7593:
7590:
7588:
7585:
7584:
7581:
7574:
7570:
7556:
7553:
7551:
7548:
7546:
7543:
7542:
7540:
7536:
7530:
7527:
7525:
7522:
7520:
7517:
7515:
7512:
7510:
7507:
7505:
7502:
7500:
7497:
7495:
7492:
7490:
7487:
7485:
7482:
7480:
7477:
7475:
7472:
7470:
7467:
7465:
7462:
7460:
7457:
7455:
7452:
7450:
7447:
7445:
7442:
7440:
7437:
7435:
7432:
7431:
7429:
7425:
7419:
7416:
7414:
7411:
7409:
7408:Trial Islands
7406:
7404:
7401:
7399:
7396:
7394:
7391:
7389:
7386:
7384:
7381:
7379:
7376:
7374:
7371:
7369:
7366:
7364:
7361:
7359:
7358:Mount Elliott
7356:
7354:
7351:
7349:
7346:
7344:
7343:Klanawa River
7341:
7339:
7336:
7334:
7331:
7329:
7326:
7324:
7321:
7319:
7316:
7314:
7311:
7309:
7306:
7304:
7303:Columbia Lake
7301:
7299:
7296:
7294:
7293:Checleset Bay
7291:
7289:
7286:
7284:
7281:
7279:
7276:
7274:
7271:
7269:
7266:
7264:
7261:
7259:
7256:
7254:
7251:
7249:
7246:
7244:
7241:
7239:
7236:
7234:
7233:Bednesti Lake
7231:
7229:
7228:Baynes Island
7226:
7224:
7221:
7219:
7216:
7214:
7211:
7209:
7206:
7204:
7201:
7200:
7198:
7194:
7188:
7185:
7183:
7180:
7178:
7175:
7173:
7170:
7168:
7165:
7163:
7160:
7158:
7155:
7153:
7150:
7148:
7145:
7143:
7140:
7138:
7135:
7133:
7130:
7128:
7125:
7123:
7120:
7118:
7115:
7113:
7110:
7108:
7105:
7103:
7100:
7098:
7095:
7093:
7090:
7088:
7085:
7083:
7080:
7078:
7075:
7073:
7070:
7068:
7065:
7063:
7060:
7058:
7055:
7053:
7050:
7048:
7045:
7043:
7040:
7038:
7035:
7033:
7030:
7028:
7025:
7023:
7020:
7018:
7015:
7013:
7010:
7008:
7005:
7003:
7000:
6998:
6995:
6993:
6990:
6988:
6985:
6983:
6980:
6978:
6975:
6973:
6970:
6968:
6965:
6963:
6962:Kâootz/Khutze
6960:
6958:
6955:
6953:
6950:
6948:
6945:
6943:
6940:
6938:
6935:
6933:
6930:
6928:
6925:
6923:
6920:
6918:
6915:
6913:
6910:
6908:
6905:
6903:
6900:
6898:
6895:
6893:
6890:
6888:
6885:
6883:
6880:
6878:
6877:Hanna-Tintina
6875:
6873:
6870:
6868:
6865:
6863:
6860:
6858:
6855:
6853:
6850:
6848:
6845:
6843:
6840:
6838:
6835:
6833:
6830:
6828:
6825:
6823:
6820:
6818:
6815:
6813:
6810:
6808:
6805:
6803:
6800:
6798:
6795:
6793:
6790:
6788:
6785:
6783:
6780:
6778:
6775:
6773:
6770:
6768:
6765:
6763:
6760:
6758:
6755:
6753:
6750:
6749:
6747:
6745:Conservancies
6743:
6733:
6730:
6728:
6725:
6723:
6722:Walloper Lake
6720:
6718:
6715:
6713:
6710:
6708:
6705:
6703:
6700:
6698:
6695:
6693:
6690:
6688:
6685:
6683:
6680:
6678:
6675:
6673:
6670:
6668:
6665:
6663:
6660:
6658:
6655:
6653:
6650:
6648:
6647:Pennask Creek
6645:
6643:
6640:
6638:
6635:
6633:
6630:
6628:
6625:
6623:
6620:
6618:
6615:
6613:
6610:
6608:
6605:
6603:
6600:
6598:
6595:
6593:
6590:
6588:
6585:
6583:
6580:
6578:
6575:
6573:
6570:
6568:
6565:
6563:
6562:Marble Canyon
6560:
6558:
6555:
6553:
6550:
6548:
6547:Juniper Beach
6545:
6543:
6540:
6538:
6535:
6533:
6530:
6528:
6525:
6523:
6520:
6518:
6515:
6513:
6510:
6508:
6505:
6503:
6500:
6498:
6495:
6493:
6490:
6488:
6487:Elephant Hill
6485:
6483:
6480:
6478:
6475:
6473:
6470:
6468:
6465:
6463:
6460:
6458:
6455:
6453:
6452:Copper Johnny
6450:
6448:
6445:
6443:
6440:
6438:
6435:
6433:
6430:
6428:
6425:
6423:
6422:Caligata Lake
6420:
6418:
6415:
6413:
6410:
6408:
6405:
6403:
6400:
6398:
6395:
6393:
6390:
6388:
6385:
6383:
6382:Banana Island
6380:
6378:
6375:
6374:
6372:
6370:
6366:
6360:
6357:
6355:
6352:
6350:
6347:
6345:
6342:
6340:
6339:Simson Marine
6337:
6335:
6332:
6330:
6327:
6325:
6324:Roberts Creek
6322:
6320:
6317:
6315:
6312:
6310:
6307:
6305:
6302:
6300:
6297:
6295:
6292:
6290:
6287:
6285:
6282:
6280:
6277:
6275:
6272:
6270:
6269:Francis Point
6267:
6265:
6264:Buccaneer Bay
6262:
6261:
6259:
6257:
6253:
6247:
6244:
6242:
6239:
6237:
6234:
6232:
6229:
6227:
6224:
6222:
6219:
6217:
6216:Tahsish-Kwois
6214:
6212:
6211:Surge Narrows
6209:
6207:
6204:
6202:
6199:
6197:
6194:
6192:
6189:
6187:
6184:
6182:
6179:
6177:
6174:
6172:
6169:
6167:
6164:
6162:
6159:
6157:
6154:
6152:
6149:
6147:
6144:
6142:
6139:
6137:
6134:
6132:
6129:
6127:
6124:
6122:
6119:
6117:
6114:
6112:
6109:
6107:
6104:
6102:
6101:Gold Muchalat
6099:
6097:
6094:
6092:
6089:
6087:
6084:
6082:
6079:
6077:
6074:
6072:
6069:
6067:
6066:Artlish Caves
6064:
6063:
6061:
6059:
6058:Strathcona RD
6055:
6049:
6046:
6044:
6041:
6039:
6036:
6034:
6031:
6029:
6026:
6024:
6023:Stikine River
6021:
6019:
6016:
6014:
6011:
6009:
6006:
6004:
6001:
5999:
5996:
5994:
5993:Dune Za Keyih
5991:
5989:
5986:
5984:
5981:
5979:
5976:
5975:
5973:
5971:
5967:
5961:
5958:
5956:
5953:
5951:
5948:
5946:
5943:
5941:
5938:
5936:
5935:Shannon Falls
5933:
5931:
5928:
5926:
5923:
5921:
5918:
5916:
5913:
5911:
5910:Marble Canyon
5908:
5906:
5903:
5901:
5898:
5896:
5893:
5891:
5888:
5886:
5883:
5881:
5878:
5876:
5873:
5871:
5868:
5866:
5863:
5861:
5858:
5856:
5853:
5851:
5848:
5846:
5843:
5841:
5838:
5837:
5835:
5833:
5829:
5823:
5820:
5818:
5815:
5813:
5810:
5808:
5805:
5803:
5800:
5798:
5795:
5793:
5790:
5788:
5785:
5783:
5780:
5778:
5775:
5773:
5770:
5769:
5767:
5765:
5761:
5755:
5752:
5750:
5747:
5745:
5742:
5740:
5737:
5735:
5734:Sukunka Falls
5732:
5730:
5729:Redfern-Keily
5727:
5725:
5722:
5720:
5717:
5715:
5714:Pink Mountain
5712:
5710:
5707:
5705:
5704:Pine Le Moray
5702:
5700:
5697:
5695:
5692:
5690:
5687:
5685:
5682:
5680:
5677:
5675:
5672:
5670:
5667:
5665:
5662:
5660:
5657:
5655:
5652:
5650:
5647:
5645:
5642:
5640:
5637:
5635:
5634:Finlay-Russel
5632:
5630:
5627:
5625:
5622:
5620:
5617:
5615:
5612:
5610:
5607:
5605:
5602:
5600:
5597:
5595:
5594:Beatton River
5592:
5590:
5587:
5585:
5584:Bearhole Lake
5582:
5581:
5579:
5577:
5573:
5567:
5564:
5562:
5559:
5557:
5554:
5552:
5551:Sun-Oka Beach
5549:
5547:
5544:
5542:
5539:
5537:
5534:
5532:
5529:
5527:
5526:Okanagan Lake
5524:
5522:
5519:
5517:
5514:
5512:
5509:
5507:
5504:
5502:
5499:
5497:
5494:
5492:
5489:
5487:
5484:
5482:
5479:
5477:
5474:
5473:
5471:
5469:
5465:
5459:
5456:
5454:
5451:
5449:
5446:
5444:
5441:
5439:
5436:
5434:
5431:
5429:
5426:
5424:
5421:
5419:
5416:
5414:
5411:
5409:
5406:
5404:
5401:
5399:
5396:
5394:
5391:
5390:
5388:
5386:
5382:
5376:
5373:
5371:
5368:
5366:
5363:
5361:
5358:
5356:
5353:
5351:
5350:Mount Griffin
5348:
5346:
5343:
5341:
5338:
5336:
5333:
5331:
5328:
5326:
5323:
5321:
5318:
5316:
5313:
5311:
5308:
5306:
5303:
5301:
5298:
5296:
5293:
5291:
5288:
5286:
5283:
5282:
5280:
5278:
5274:
5268:
5265:
5263:
5260:
5258:
5255:
5253:
5250:
5248:
5245:
5243:
5240:
5238:
5237:Khutzeymateen
5235:
5233:
5230:
5229:
5227:
5225:
5221:
5215:
5212:
5210:
5207:
5205:
5202:
5200:
5197:
5195:
5192:
5190:
5187:
5185:
5182:
5180:
5177:
5175:
5172:
5170:
5167:
5165:
5162:
5160:
5157:
5155:
5154:Gerald Island
5152:
5150:
5147:
5145:
5142:
5140:
5137:
5135:
5134:Arbutus Grove
5132:
5131:
5129:
5127:
5123:
5117:
5114:
5112:
5109:
5107:
5104:
5102:
5099:
5097:
5096:Nimpkish Lake
5094:
5092:
5089:
5087:
5084:
5082:
5081:Lower Tsitika
5079:
5077:
5074:
5072:
5069:
5067:
5064:
5062:
5059:
5057:
5054:
5052:
5049:
5047:
5044:
5042:
5039:
5037:
5034:
5032:
5029:
5028:
5026:
5024:
5020:
5014:
5011:
5009:
5006:
5004:
5001:
4999:
4998:Mount Seymour
4996:
4994:
4991:
4989:
4986:
4984:
4981:
4980:
4978:
4976:
4972:
4966:
4963:
4961:
4958:
4956:
4953:
4951:
4948:
4946:
4943:
4941:
4938:
4936:
4933:
4931:
4928:
4926:
4923:
4921:
4918:
4916:
4913:
4911:
4908:
4906:
4903:
4902:
4900:
4898:
4894:
4888:
4885:
4883:
4880:
4878:
4875:
4873:
4870:
4868:
4867:Stikine River
4865:
4863:
4860:
4858:
4855:
4853:
4850:
4848:
4845:
4843:
4840:
4838:
4835:
4833:
4830:
4828:
4825:
4823:
4820:
4818:
4815:
4813:
4812:Meziadin Lake
4810:
4808:
4805:
4803:
4800:
4798:
4795:
4793:
4790:
4788:
4787:Kleanza Creek
4785:
4783:
4780:
4778:
4775:
4773:
4772:Kitimat River
4770:
4768:
4767:Kinaskan Lake
4765:
4763:
4760:
4758:
4755:
4753:
4750:
4748:
4745:
4743:
4742:Great Glacier
4740:
4738:
4735:
4733:
4730:
4728:
4725:
4723:
4720:
4718:
4715:
4713:
4710:
4708:
4705:
4703:
4700:
4698:
4695:
4693:
4692:Boulder Creek
4690:
4688:
4685:
4683:
4680:
4678:
4675:
4674:
4672:
4670:
4666:
4660:
4657:
4655:
4654:Skagit Valley
4652:
4650:
4647:
4645:
4642:
4640:
4637:
4635:
4634:Nicolum River
4632:
4630:
4627:
4625:
4622:
4620:
4617:
4615:
4612:
4610:
4607:
4605:
4602:
4600:
4597:
4595:
4592:
4590:
4587:
4585:
4582:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4572:
4570:
4567:
4565:
4562:
4560:
4557:
4555:
4552:
4551:
4549:
4547:
4543:
4537:
4534:
4532:
4529:
4527:
4524:
4522:
4519:
4517:
4514:
4512:
4509:
4507:
4504:
4502:
4499:
4497:
4494:
4492:
4489:
4487:
4484:
4482:
4479:
4477:
4476:Pine Le Moray
4474:
4472:
4469:
4467:
4464:
4462:
4459:
4457:
4454:
4452:
4451:Jackman Flats
4449:
4447:
4444:
4442:
4439:
4437:
4434:
4432:
4429:
4427:
4424:
4422:
4419:
4417:
4414:
4412:
4411:Crooked River
4409:
4407:
4404:
4402:
4399:
4397:
4394:
4392:
4389:
4387:
4384:
4382:
4379:
4378:
4376:
4374:
4370:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4288:Kikomun Creek
4286:
4284:
4283:Jimsmith Lake
4281:
4279:
4276:
4274:
4271:
4269:
4266:
4264:
4261:
4259:
4256:
4254:
4251:
4249:
4246:
4244:
4241:
4239:
4238:Columbia Lake
4236:
4234:
4231:
4229:
4226:
4225:
4223:
4221:
4217:
4211:
4208:
4206:
4203:
4201:
4198:
4196:
4193:
4191:
4190:Nitinat River
4188:
4186:
4185:Memory Island
4183:
4181:
4178:
4176:
4173:
4171:
4168:
4166:
4163:
4161:
4158:
4156:
4153:
4151:
4148:
4147:
4145:
4143:
4139:
4133:
4130:
4128:
4125:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4115:
4113:
4112:Miracle Beach
4110:
4108:
4107:Kitty Coleman
4105:
4103:
4100:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4085:
4083:
4082:Denman Island
4080:
4078:
4075:
4074:
4072:
4070:
4066:
4060:
4057:
4055:
4052:
4050:
4047:
4045:
4042:
4040:
4037:
4035:
4032:
4030:
4027:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3999:Oregana Creek
3997:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3964:Cummins Lakes
3962:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3944:Blanket Creek
3942:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3926:
3924:
3922:
3918:
3912:
3909:
3907:
3904:
3902:
3899:
3897:
3896:Myra-Bellevue
3894:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3869:
3868:
3866:
3864:
3860:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3846:
3844:
3841:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3788:Kootenay Lake
3786:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3778:Kokanee Creek
3776:
3774:
3771:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3731:
3730:
3728:
3726:
3722:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3692:
3690:
3688:
3684:
3678:
3677:White Pelican
3675:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3652:Ten Mile Lake
3650:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3597:Kluskoil Lake
3595:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3582:Horsefly Lake
3580:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3552:Cariboo River
3550:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3512:Beaver Valley
3510:
3509:
3507:
3505:
3501:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3474:Mount Maxwell
3472:
3470:
3469:Mount Erskine
3467:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3401:
3399:
3397:
3393:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3321:Rubyrock Lake
3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3311:Rainbow Alley
3309:
3307:
3306:Paarens Beach
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3241:François Lake
3239:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3178:
3176:
3174:
3170:
3164:
3163:Vargas Island
3161:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3123:Nitinat River
3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3103:Hitchie Creek
3101:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3093:Hesquiat Lake
3091:
3089:
3088:Gibson Marine
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3078:Flores Island
3076:
3074:
3073:Epper Passage
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3058:Clayoquot Arm
3056:
3055:
3053:
3051:
3047:
3044:
3040:
3036:
3032:
3027:
3023:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2995:
2993:
2991:
2987:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2967:
2965:
2963:
2959:
2955:
2951:
2946:
2942:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2917:Shoal Harbour
2915:
2913:
2912:Nechako River
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2894:
2892:
2890:
2886:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2851:
2849:
2847:
2843:
2839:
2835:
2830:
2826:
2812:
2811:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2741:
2739:
2737:
2733:
2723:
2722:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2712:
2710:
2708:
2704:
2698:
2695:
2689:
2688:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2653:
2651:
2649:
2645:
2641:
2637:
2632:
2628:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2605:
2603:
2601:
2597:
2587:
2586:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2566:
2565:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2555:
2553:
2551:
2547:
2543:
2539:
2534:
2530:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2503:Strathcona RD
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2409:
2408:
2405:
2401:
2394:
2389:
2387:
2382:
2380:
2375:
2374:
2371:
2364:
2360:
2359:
2345:
2337:
2333:
2329:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2301:
2297:
2293:
2286:
2272:
2268:
2261:
2253:
2249:
2245:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2227:
2223:
2222:Marine Policy
2219:
2212:
2210:
2208:
2199:
2195:
2191:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2163:
2159:
2155:
2148:
2146:
2144:
2129:
2125:
2119:
2111:
2107:
2103:
2099:
2095:
2091:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2072:
2064:
2060:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2033:(5635): 934.
2032:
2028:
2021:
2019:
2004:
2000:
1994:
1986:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1956:
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1933:
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1577:
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1569:
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1561:
1557:
1550:
1536:on 2017-09-16
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994:
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989:
987:
984:
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935:
932:
928:
925:
922:
919:
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906:
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900:
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896:
895:
887:
885:
879:
877:
873:
868:
866:
862:
858:
855:
851:
847:
843:
834:
825:
823:
822:
821:Fisheries Act
817:
816:
811:
807:
803:
799:
794:
784:
782:
777:
773:
762:
760:
756:
752:
751:
742:
738:
729:
727:
723:
718:
714:
704:
702:
698:
694:
690:
687:
686:Paralvinellae
683:
679:
678:
673:
669:
668:
663:
659:
655:
651:
647:
640:Invertebrates
637:
635:
634:
629:
628:heterotrophic
625:
621:
617:
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
593:
589:
575:
571:
568:
564:
560:
556:
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297:
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259:
257:
252:
250:
245:
241:
236:
234:
233:
227:
223:
219:
215:
211:
207:
203:
202:Pacific Ocean
199:
195:
191:
187:
183:
174:
171:
167:
163:
159:
156:
153:
149:
145:
141:
136:
99:
95:
92:
88:
84:
81:
77:
70:
66:
62:
46:
37:
30:
25:
20:
7941:
7929:
7922:
7884:
7802:Kanaka Creek
7767:Burnaby Lake
7682:Roberts Bank
7592:Boundary Bay
7550:Kettle River
7494:Pitman River
7484:Lucy Islands
7378:Robson Bight
7368:Nitinat Lake
7308:Drizzle Lake
7288:Canoe Islets
7258:Bowen Island
7218:Baeria Rocks
7208:Ambrose Lake
7037:Lucy Islands
6972:Ksi Xâanmaas
6652:Pennask Lake
6597:Mount Savona
6577:Momich Lakes
6567:Marble Range
6392:Big Bar Lake
6387:Bedard Aspen
6329:Sargeant Bay
6314:Porpoise Bay
6236:Weymer Creek
6221:Teakerne Arm
6116:Loveland Bay
6081:Bligh Island
6076:Bishop River
6003:Hyland River
5925:Porteau Cove
5905:Joffre Lakes
5900:Gwyneth Lake
5890:Fred Antoine
5772:Anderson Bay
5674:Moberly Lake
5644:Gwillim Lake
5614:Charlie Lake
5609:Butler Ridge
5541:Skaha Bluffs
5521:Nickel Plate
5496:E.C. Manning
5481:Bromley Rock
5476:Allison Lake
5340:Mara Meadows
5086:Marble River
4965:Nancy Greene
4905:Beaver Creek
4817:Mount Edziza
4792:Lakelse Lake
4682:Bear Glacier
4624:Mehatl Creek
4604:Ferry Island
4589:E.C. Manning
4466:Mount Robson
4441:Fraser River
4421:Erg Mountain
4391:Bijoux Falls
4338:Thunder Hill
4323:Premier Lake
4313:Norbury Lake
4303:Mount Fernie
4278:James Chabot
4024:Silver Beach
4014:Shuswap Lake
3994:Martha Creek
3969:English Lake
3911:Wrinkly Face
3748:Drewry Point
3632:Punti Island
3607:Moose Valley
3602:Lac La Hache
3567:Donnely Lake
3459:Juan de Fuca
3439:French Beach
3419:Burgoyne Bay
3414:Bodega Ridge
3404:Beaver Point
3336:Stuart River
3296:Old Man Lake
3276:Nation Lakes
3236:Finger-Tatuk
3148:Sydney Inlet
3108:Kennedy Lake
2969:
2808:
2799:Stanley Park
2754:Fort Langley
2719:
2685:
2585:Stein Valley
2583:
2562:
2344:
2299:
2295:
2285:
2274:. Retrieved
2270:
2260:
2225:
2221:
2161:
2157:
2131:. Retrieved
2127:
2118:
2085:
2081:
2071:
2030:
2026:
2006:. Retrieved
2002:
1993:
1950:
1946:
1890:
1886:
1854:
1850:
1840:
1829:. Retrieved
1825:
1816:
1791:. Retrieved
1787:
1777:
1744:
1740:
1678:
1674:
1664:
1619:
1615:
1604:
1563:
1559:
1549:
1538:. Retrieved
1531:the original
1526:
1514:
1497:
1493:
1480:
1437:
1433:
1391:
1388:Science News
1387:
1377:
1358:
1354:
1296:
1292:
1268:. Retrieved
1264:
1230:(1): 44â61.
1227:
1224:Oceanography
1223:
1196:. Retrieved
1192:
1159:. Retrieved
1155:
1146:
1135:. Retrieved
1131:
1084:
1080:
1047:
1040:
1029:. Retrieved
1025:
1015:
941:
903:ore deposits
893:
880:
875:
871:
869:
839:
820:
814:
790:
768:
758:
748:
746:
740:
710:
693:Alvinellidae
689:palmiformis)
688:
685:
677:Lepetodrilus
675:
665:
661:
658:spider crabs
653:
646:invertebrate
643:
631:
585:
555:sperm whales
534:
519:productivity
515:biodiversity
512:
509:Biodiversity
474:
469:
465:
457:
455:
403:
386:
357:white smoker
350:
341:
324:
319:
315:
300:chalcopyrite
281:
273:
253:
237:
231:
193:
189:
185:
181:
179:
7832:Surrey Bend
7787:Derby Reach
7657:Midge Creek
7519:Upper Raush
7454:Churn Creek
7353:Mount Derby
7333:Gladys Lake
7268:Browne Lake
7187:Yaaguun Suu
7127:Tenh Dáșetle
6922:Khtada Lake
6907:Jump Across
6847:Europa Lake
6632:Oregon Jack
6587:Monte Creek
6442:Churn Creek
6359:Tetrahedron
6246:White River
6241:White Ridge
6156:Read Island
6136:Morton Lake
5920:Nairn Falls
5880:Duffey Lake
5875:Clendinning
5822:Squitty Bay
5812:Saltery Bay
5797:Okeover Arm
5787:Inland Lake
5754:Wapiti Lake
5599:Bocock Peak
5566:Vaseux Lake
5501:Eneas Lakes
5453:Tetsa River
5423:Muncho Lake
5393:Andy Bailey
5360:Silver Star
5214:Spider Lake
5111:Schoen Lake
4993:Golden Ears
4930:Conkle Lake
4872:Sue Channel
4852:Seeley Lake
4777:Kitsumkalum
4712:Coste Rocks
4687:Border Lake
4649:Silver Lake
4639:Rolley Lake
4614:Golden Ears
4599:F.H. Barber
4594:Emory Creek
4579:Cultus Lake
4521:Tudyah Lake
4506:Sowchea Bay
4486:Purden Lake
4132:Tribune Bay
4077:Boyle Point
4049:Victor Lake
3939:Arrow Lakes
3876:Browne Lake
3833:Summit Lake
3733:Arrow Lakes
3557:Cedar Point
3537:Canim Beach
3532:Bull Canyon
3527:Bridge Lake
3522:Bowron Lake
3449:Gowland Tod
3326:Stuart Lake
3266:Mudzenchoot
3251:Morice Lake
3133:Stamp River
3128:Sproat Lake
2922:Vaseux Lake
2794:Rogers Pass
2579:SGang Gwaay
2483:North Shore
2433:Kootenay RD
2271:The Narwhal
1747:: 154â166.
934:aggregation
931:zooplankton
863:called the
432:as well as
151:Designation
122: /
97:Coordinates
7959:Categories
7892:(proposed)
7807:Minnekhada
7737:Tranquille
7692:Serpentine
7587:Bert Brink
7474:Klua Lakes
7449:Chukachida
7373:Race Rocks
7348:Misty Lake
7203:Aleza Lake
6807:Dean River
6732:Wire Cache
6727:Wells Gray
6677:Roche Lake
6592:Monte Lake
6522:Green Lake
6502:Finn Creek
6492:Emar Lakes
6482:Edge Hills
6377:Arrowstone
6231:Walsh Cove
6201:Strathcona
6176:Roscoe Bay
6146:Nuchatlitz
5885:Edge Hills
5840:Alice Lake
5659:Kiskatinaw
5546:Stemwinder
5536:Otter Lake
5516:Kickininee
5491:Darke Lake
5330:Mabel Lake
5320:Kekuli Bay
5310:Graystokes
5232:Diana Lake
5184:Petroglyph
5126:Nanaimo RD
5071:Lawn Point
5041:Cape Scott
5003:Peace Arch
4950:Jewel Lake
4802:Lava Forks
4629:Nahatlatch
4584:Davis Lake
4496:Slim Creek
4308:Moyie Lake
4273:Inonoaklin
4258:Elk Valley
4200:Wakes Cove
4175:Gordon Bay
4127:Strathcona
4087:Fillongley
4059:Yard Creek
4054:White Lake
3989:Marl Creek
3929:Adams Lake
3886:Graystokes
3871:Bear Creek
3763:Goat Range
3753:Erie Creek
3743:Cody Caves
3667:Wells Gray
3612:Nazko Lake
3504:Cariboo RD
3444:Goldstream
3396:Capital RD
3376:Tyhee Lake
3261:Mount Pope
3206:Burns Lake
3181:Atna River
3153:Taylor Arm
3138:Strathcona
2727:(proposed)
2693:(proposed)
2591:(proposed)
2570:(proposed)
2468:Nanaimo RD
2428:Capital RD
2319:1828/11850
2276:2022-11-06
2228:: 103654.
2181:1828/11850
2133:2022-10-14
2008:2017-06-02
1831:2022-10-13
1793:2017-05-17
1540:2017-06-09
1270:2017-06-02
1198:2022-10-13
1161:2022-10-16
1137:2022-10-16
1031:2020-09-10
1007:References
952:physicists
948:geologists
944:biologists
815:Oceans Act
806:oil spills
753:and other
724:approach,
717:Oceans Act
630:bacteria.
612:metabolism
600:phylotypes
588:microbiome
549:, such as
543:extinction
531:sea spider
494:metal ions
434:metalloids
312:InterRidge
226:tube worms
164:March 2003
161:Designated
128: (
7722:Swan Lake
7509:Thinahtea
7464:Damdochax
7434:Anarchist
7383:Rose Spit
7243:Big Creek
7172:Upper Soo
6852:Fiordland
6797:Crab Lake
6687:Steelhead
6667:Pritchard
6642:Paul Lake
6557:Loon Lake
6507:Flat Lake
6467:Dunn Peak
6417:Buse Lake
6412:Bonaparte
6196:Smelt Bay
6121:Main Lake
6096:Elk Falls
5895:Garibaldi
5792:Malaspina
5764:qathet RD
5739:Swan Lake
5624:East Pine
5486:Cathedral
5375:Wap Creek
5290:Echo Lake
5267:Pure Lake
5174:MacMillan
5116:Woss Lake
5106:Raft Cove
4940:Gladstone
4847:Ross Lake
4832:Ningunsaw
4722:Eagle Bay
4644:Sasquatch
4609:Garibaldi
4531:West Twin
4526:West Lake
4416:Dahl Lake
4401:Carp Lake
4353:Wasa Lake
4293:Morrissey
4263:Gilnockie
4253:Elk Lakes
4248:Dry Gulch
4243:Crowsnest
4150:Bamberton
4102:Kin Beach
4092:Helliwell
4039:TsĂștswecw
4034:Sunnybrae
4004:Pukeashun
3906:Trepanier
3808:Pilot Bay
3758:Gladstone
3642:Ruth Lake
3622:Pinnacles
3577:Flat Lake
3517:Big Creek
3409:Bellhouse
3316:Red Bluff
3211:Call Lake
2789:Nan Sdins
2518:Vancouver
2336:208074786
2328:1052-7613
2252:202336223
2244:0308-597X
2198:208074786
2190:1052-7613
2110:0967-0637
2047:0036-8075
1967:2045-8827
1907:1976-3794
1769:0967-0637
1703:1476-4687
1656:0016-7037
1647:1912/7627
1622:: 64â85.
1580:0343-8651
1472:218825220
1464:1525-2027
1394:(2): 21.
1331:218825220
1323:1525-2027
1109:0012-821X
802:pollution
644:The main
308:marcasite
279:-hosted.
7931:BC Parks
7924:Category
7403:Tow Hill
6354:Spipiyus
5988:Denetiah
5950:Tantalus
5744:Tatlatui
5506:Inkaneep
5345:Monashee
5204:Sandwell
5101:Quatsino
3848:West Arm
3843:Valhalla
3828:Stagleap
3818:Rosebery
3662:Ts'il?os
3657:Titetown
3386:Wistaria
3201:Beaumont
3118:Maquinna
2864:Qualicum
2859:Columbia
2671:Kootenay
2523:Victoria
2423:BC Coast
2063:21189391
2055:12920290
1985:23401293
1923:23755913
1915:19557339
1802:cite web
1711:12891356
1596:25680533
1588:17066332
966:See also
650:tubeworm
608:microbes
537:). This
523:habitats
466:Bastille
442:sulphate
438:sulphide
410:sulfides
304:wurtzite
109:129°06âČW
79:Location
7943:Commons
7727:Todagin
7687:S'amunu
7602:Cluxewe
7092:Owikeno
6682:Skihist
6517:Goldpan
6462:Downing
6038:Tarahne
6008:Omineca
5960:Yalakom
5689:Omineca
5679:Monkman
5589:Beatton
5295:Ellison
5257:Naikoon
5139:Drumbeg
4988:Cypress
4983:Apodaca
4461:Monkman
4431:Evanoff
4348:Wardner
4233:Bugaboo
3949:Bugaboo
3838:Syringa
3773:Kianuko
3301:Omineca
3226:Entiako
2854:Alaksen
2810:more...
2656:Glacier
2090:Bibcode
2027:Science
1976:3633350
1749:Bibcode
1719:4343136
1683:Bibcode
1624:Bibcode
1442:Bibcode
1408:4012715
1301:Bibcode
1265:tos.org
1089:Bibcode
1001:NEPTUNE
876:in situ
846:NEPTUNE
672:limpets
616:viruses
596:archaea
545:. Many
527:endemic
486:sulfide
426:silicon
422:calcium
369:silicon
365:calcium
222:sulfide
106:47°57âČN
7890:
7524:Vaseux
7263:Bowser
7097:Pa-aat
7082:NeÊŒÄhÊŒ
7002:K'waal
6887:Kamdis
6707:Tunkwa
6697:Taweel
6657:Pillar
6028:Sustut
5915:Murrin
5305:Granby
4945:Granby
4426:Eskers
3979:Herald
3974:Hamber
3881:Fintry
3672:Wendle
3617:Nuntsi
3479:Ruckle
3083:Fossli
2725:
2691:
2589:
2568:
2508:Surrey
2334:
2326:
2250:
2242:
2196:
2188:
2108:
2061:
2053:
2045:
1983:
1973:
1965:
1921:
1913:
1905:
1767:
1717:
1709:
1701:
1675:Nature
1654:
1594:
1586:
1578:
1470:
1462:
1406:
1361:(B9).
1329:
1321:
1107:
1055:
958:, and
872:Grotto
808:, and
620:sulfur
565:, and
492:, and
490:anoxia
446:barite
428:, and
418:copper
367:, and
361:barium
345:graben
327:diking
320:Quebec
306:, and
296:pyrite
277:basalt
214:Canada
91:Canada
69:Canada
7855:Other
7499:Snowy
6957:Koeye
6932:Khyex
6582:Monck
6497:Epsom
6432:Chasm
5654:Kakwa
5619:Chase
5159:Hemer
4619:Kilby
4456:Kakwa
3042:Parks
2332:S2CID
2248:S2CID
2194:S2CID
2059:S2CID
1919:S2CID
1715:S2CID
1592:S2CID
1534:(PDF)
1523:(PDF)
1490:(PDF)
1468:S2CID
1440:(6).
1404:JSTOR
1327:S2CID
1299:(6).
1189:(PDF)
818:, or
810:noise
470:Dante
462:brine
389:crust
353:black
331:SOSUS
232:Alvin
192:, or
7072:Namu
6752:Alty
5335:Mara
4328:Ryan
4170:Eves
3853:Yahk
3823:Ryan
2697:Yoho
2412:CRHP
2324:ISSN
2240:ISSN
2186:ISSN
2106:ISSN
2051:PMID
2043:ISSN
1981:PMID
1963:ISSN
1911:PMID
1903:ISSN
1808:link
1765:ISSN
1707:PMID
1699:ISSN
1652:ISSN
1584:PMID
1576:ISSN
1460:ISSN
1319:ISSN
1105:ISSN
1053:ISBN
622:and
594:and
586:The
517:and
468:and
440:and
430:zinc
414:iron
355:and
318:and
292:zinc
290:and
288:iron
230:HOV
180:The
143:Area
2314:hdl
2304:doi
2230:doi
2226:108
2176:hdl
2166:doi
2098:doi
2035:doi
2031:301
1971:PMC
1955:doi
1895:doi
1859:doi
1855:131
1757:doi
1745:106
1691:doi
1679:424
1642:hdl
1632:doi
1620:173
1568:doi
1502:doi
1450:doi
1396:doi
1392:160
1363:doi
1359:108
1309:doi
1232:doi
1097:doi
680:),
670:),
484:),
480:(CO
194:EHV
190:MEF
63:in
7961::
2330:.
2322:.
2312:.
2300:29
2298:.
2294:.
2269:.
2246:.
2238:.
2224:.
2220:.
2206:^
2192:.
2184:.
2174:.
2162:29
2160:.
2156:.
2142:^
2126:.
2104:.
2096:.
2086:52
2084:.
2080:.
2057:.
2049:.
2041:.
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