Empress Elisabeth of Austria

1441: 602: 1582:. The two women walked roughly 100 yards (91 m) to the gangway and boarded, at which point, Sztáray relaxed her hold on Elisabeth's arm. The Empress then lost consciousness and collapsed next to her. Sztáray called for a doctor, but only a former nurse, a fellow passenger, was available. The boat's captain, Captain Roux, was ignorant of Elisabeth's identity, and since it was very hot on deck, he advised the Countess to disembark and take her companion back to her hotel. However, the boat was already sailing out of the harbor. Three men carried the Empress to the top deck and laid her on a bench. Sztáray opened her dress and cut Elisabeth's corset laces so she could breathe. Elisabeth revived somewhat and when Sztáray asked her if she was in pain, she replied, "No". She then asked, "What has happened?" and lost consciousness again. 1920: 752: 419: 3043: 1680:, which still had the death penalty, signing the letter: "Luigi Lucheni, anarchist, and one of the most dangerous". Since Elisabeth was famous for preferring the common man to courtiers, known for her charitable works, and considered such a blameless target, Lucheni's sanity was questioned initially. He was declared to be sane, but was tried as a common murderer, not a political criminal. Incarcerated for life, and denied the opportunity to make a political statement by his action, he attempted to kill himself with the sharpened key from a tin of sardines on 20 February 1900. Ten years later, he hanged himself with his belt in his cell on the evening of 16 October 1910, after a guard confiscated his uncompleted memoirs. 3096: 1228: 1050: 1180:. Responsible for all of Elisabeth's ornate hairstyles, she generally accompanied her on her wanderings. Feifalik was forbidden to wear rings and required to wear white gloves; after hours of dressing, braiding, and pinning up the Empress' tresses, the hairs that fell out had to be presented in a silver bowl to the reproachful Empress for inspection. When her hair was washed with a combination of eggs and cognac once every two weeks, all activities and obligations were cancelled for that day. Before her son's death, she tasked Feifalik with tweezing gray hairs away, but at the end of her life her hair was described as "abundant, though streaked with silver threads". 297: 1726: 842: 7729: 744: 951: 3160: 1641: 1715: 807: 1464: 1008: 3177: 1472: 1656:. The weapon was found the next day by the concierge during his morning cleaning; he thought it belonged to a laborer who had moved the day before and did not notify the police of his discovery until the following day. There was no blood on the file and the tip was broken off, which occurred when Lucheni threw it away. The file was so dull in appearance it was speculated that it had been deliberately selected because it would be less noticeable than a shiny knife, which would have given Lucheni away as he approached. Lucheni had planned to purchase a 1586:

improvised from a sail, cushions and two oars. Fanny Mayer, the wife of the hotel's director, a visiting nurse, and the Countess undressed Elisabeth and removed her shoes, at which point Sztáray noticed a few small drops of blood and a small wound. When they then removed her from the stretcher to the bed, she was clearly dead. Frau Mayer believed the two audible breaths she heard the Empress take as she was brought into the room were her last. Two doctors, Dr. Golay and Dr. Mayer arrived, along with a priest, who was too late to grant her

1797: 1154: 3117: 838:, and emotionally distant from her husband as she got older, she fled him as well as her duties at the Vienna court, avoiding them both as much as possible; as a means of escape from her life and her misery, Elisabeth embarked on a life of endless travel and saw little of her children. Franz Joseph indulged her wanderings, but constantly and unsuccessfully tried to tempt her into a more domestic life with him. Their correspondence increased during their last years, however, and their relationship became a warm friendship. 1244: 42: 3138: 674:

assure you that you are not dealing with a man desirous of playing a part at any price or striving for a position; on the contrary, he is risking his present position, which is a fine one. But approaching shipwreck, he, too, is prepared to do all in his power to save it; what he possesses – his understanding and influence in the country – he will lay at your feet. For the last time I beg you in Rudolf's name not to lose this, at the last moment...

1752: 536: 2879:. Unlike previous portrayals of Elisabeth as a one-dimensional fairytale princess, Hamann portrayed her as a bitter, unhappy woman full of self-loathing and suffering from various emotional and mental disorders. She was seen to have searched for happiness, but died a broken woman who never found it. Hamann's portrayal explored new facets of the legend of Sisi, as well as contemplating the role of women in high-level politics and dynasties. 647: 658:(1858–1889). The 101-gun salute announcing the news to Vienna also signaled an increase in her influence at court. This, combined with her sympathy toward Hungary, made Elisabeth an ideal mediator between the Hungarians and the Emperor. Her interest in politics had developed as she matured; she was liberal-minded, and placed herself decisively on the Hungarian side in the increasing conflict of nationalities within the empire. 920: 3075: 798:(1868–1924). Dubbed the "Hungarian child", she was born in Buda 10 months after her parents' coronation and baptised there in April. Determined to bring up this last child by herself, Elisabeth finally had her way. She poured all her repressed maternal feelings on her youngest daughter to the point of nearly smothering her. Sophie's influence over Elisabeth's children and the court faded, and she died in 1872. 1453: 676:...If you say 'No', if at the last moment you are no longer willing to listen to disinterested counsels. Then... you will be relieved forever from my future... and nothing will remain to me but the consciousness that whatever may happen, I shall be able to say honestly to Rudolf one day: "I did everything in my power. Your misfortunes are not on my conscience." 725:

dull court protocol through frequent walking and riding, using her health as an excuse to avoid both official obligations and sexual intimacy. Preserving her youthful appearance was also an important influence in her avoidance of pregnancies: "Children are the curse of a woman, for when they come, they drive away Beauty, which is the best gift of the gods."

1195:'Hairdressing takes almost two hours,' she said, 'and while my hair is busy, my mind stays idle. I am afraid that my mind escapes through the hair and onto the fingers of my hairdresser. Hence my headache afterwards.' The Empress sat at a table which was moved to the middle of the room and covered with a white cloth. She was shrouded in a white, laced 1133:. On one occasion in 1878, the Empress astonished her travelling companions when she unexpectedly visited a restaurant incognito, where she drank champagne, ate a broiled chicken and an Italian salad, and finished with a "considerable quantity of cake". She may have satisfied her urge to binge in secret on other occasions; in 1881, she purchased an 1024:

quickly and very little. Whenever her weight threatened to exceed 50 kilos, a "fasting cure" or "hunger cure" would follow, which involved almost complete fasting. Meat itself often filled her with disgust, so she either had the juice of half-raw beefsteaks squeezed into a thin soup, or else adhered to a diet of milk and eggs.

638:, which would haunt her for the rest of her life. She turned away from her living daughter and began to neglect her. In December 1857, Elisabeth became pregnant for the third time, and her mother, who had been concerned about her daughter's physical and mental health, hoped that this new pregnancy would help her recover. 1046:", probably to hold up under the stress of such strenuous lacing, "a proceeding which sometimes took quite an hour". The fact that "she only wore them for a few weeks" may indicate that even leather proved inadequate for her needs. Elisabeth's defiant flaunting of this exaggerated dimension angered her mother-in-law. 1944:. Two versions of the stars were created: a second type without a pearl center, was designed by court jeweller Rozet & Fischmeister; some stars were given to ladies of the court. One set of 27 diamond stars was kept in the Imperial family and it is seen in a photograph that shows the dowry of Rudolf's daughter, 1596:

When Franz Joseph received the telegram informing him of Elisabeth's death, his first fear was that her death was caused by suicide. It was only when a later message arrived, detailing the assassination, that he was reassured on that point. The telegram asked permission to perform an autopsy, and the

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or crushed strawberries lined her nightly leather facial mask. She was also heavily massaged, and often slept with cloths soaked in either violet- or cider-vinegar above her hips to preserve her slim waist; her neck was wrapped with cloths soaked in Kummerfeld-toned washing water. To further preserve

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Rudolf was now four years old, and Franz Joseph hoped for another son to safeguard the succession. Fischer claimed that the health of the Empress would not permit another pregnancy, and she would need to visit Kissingen regularly for a cure. Elisabeth fell into her old pattern of escaping boredom and

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Her mother-in-law is generally considered to be the source of the malicious pamphlet although there is no evidence supporting that claim. The accusation of political meddling referred to Elisabeth's influence on her husband regarding his Italian and Hungarian subjects. When she traveled to Italy with

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this should be the end of her ambition – she should by no means meddle with the government of an Empire, the care of which is not a task for women... If the Queen bears no sons, she is merely a foreigner in the State, and a very dangerous foreigner, too. For as she can never hope to be

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Helene was a pious, quiet young woman, and while she and Franz Joseph felt ill at ease in each other's company, he was instantly infatuated with her younger sister. He did not propose to Helene, but instead, he defied his mother and informed her that if he could not have Elisabeth, he would not marry

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to receive his formal proposal of marriage. Ludovika also had the then-15-year-old Sisi accompany them for several reasons. Firstly, Sisi had been mourning the recent death of the young Count she had loved, and had fallen into a lengthy depression. Ludovika hoped the change of scenery would cheer her

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had organized Elisabeth's protection, but she had detected his officers outside the hotel the day before the assassination and protested that the surveillance was disagreeable, so Virieux had no choice but to withdraw them. It is also possible that if Elisabeth had not dismissed her other attendants

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On Wednesday morning, the body was carried back to Vienna aboard a funeral train. The inscription on her coffin read, "Elisabeth, Empress of Austria". The Hungarians were outraged, and the words, "and Queen of Hungary" were hastily added. The entire empire was in deep mourning; eighty-two sovereigns

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I am an anarchist by conviction... I came to Geneva to kill a sovereign, with object of giving an example to those who suffer and those who do nothing to improve their social position; it did not matter to me who the sovereign was whom I should kill... It was not a woman I struck, but an Empress; it

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I have just had an interview with Andrássy. He set forth his views clearly and plainly. I quite understood them and arrived at the conclusion that if you would trust him – and trust him entirely – we might still be saved, not only Hungary, but the monarchy, too... I can

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Almost all of the 10 companions who traveled with Elisabeth during her various journeys were in their mid-twenties and of Greek origin. The most famous one was Constantin Christomanos, a future playwright and theater director, whose memoirs of Elisabeth were banned by the Viennese court. The others

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Elisabeth's will stipulated that a large part of her jewel collection should be sold and the proceeds (then estimated at over £600,000), were to be applied to various religious and charitable organizations. Everything else that the Empress had the power to bequeath, outside of the crown jewels and

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As Geneva shuttered itself in mourning, Elisabeth's body was placed in a triple coffin: two inner ones of lead, the third exterior one in bronze, reposing on lion claws. On Tuesday, before the coffins were sealed, Franz Joseph's official representatives arrived to identify the body. The coffin was

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Countess Sztáray noticed a small brown stain above the left breast of the Empress. Alarmed that Elisabeth had not recovered consciousness, she informed the captain of her identity, and the boat turned back to Geneva. Elisabeth was carried back to the Hôtel Beau-Rivage by six sailors on a stretcher

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In deep mourning after her daughter Sophie's death, Elisabeth refused to eat for days – a behavior that would reappear in later periods of melancholy and depression. Whereas she previously had supper with the family, she now began to avoid this; and if she did eat with them, she ate

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The Empress slept very little and spent hours reading and writing at night, and even took up smoking, a shocking habit for women, which made her the further subject of already-avid gossip. She had a special interest in history, philosophy, and literature, and developed a profound reverence for the

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for the first time with her husband and two daughters, and it left a deep and lasting impression upon her, which many historians attribute to the fact that in Hungary, she found a welcome respite from the constraints of Austrian court life. It was "the first time that Elisabeth had met with men of

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Although Lucheni boasted that he acted alone, because many political refugees found a haven in Switzerland, the possibility that he was part of a plot and that the life of the Emperor was also in danger was considered. Once it was discovered that an Italian was responsible for Elisabeth's murder,

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Elisabeth used cosmetics and perfume sparingly, as she wished to showcase her natural beauty. On the other hand, to preserve her beauty, she tested countless beauty products prepared either in the court pharmacy or by a lady-in-waiting in her own apartments. She appeared to favor "Crème Céleste"

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After having used every excuse to avoid pregnancy, Elisabeth later decided that she wanted a fourth child. Her decision was at once a deliberate personal choice and a political negotiation: by returning to the marriage, she ensured that Hungary, with which she felt an intense emotional alliance,

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Diamond Pearl known as the Sisi Star, a 10-pointed star of diamonds fanning out around one enormous pearl from an exhibit at the Schönbrunn Palace in Vienna commemorating the 100th anniversary of her assassination. It was one of approximately 27 jewel-encrusted pieces designed and made by court

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for a cure. Elisabeth recovered quickly at the spa, but instead of returning home to assuage the gossip about her absence, she spent more time with her own family in Bavaria. She returned in August 1862, shortly before her husband's birthday, but immediately suffered from a violent migraine and

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She is known as one of the most beautiful and famous women of 19th century Europe. In addition to her rigorous exercise regimen, Elisabeth practiced demanding beauty routines. Daily care of her abundant and extremely long hair, which in time turned from the dark blonde of her youth to chestnut

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Elisabeth seized on the excuse and left her husband and children, to spend the winter in seclusion. Six months later, a mere four days after her return to Vienna, she again experienced coughing fits and fever. She ate hardly anything and slept badly, and Škoda observed a recurrence of her lung

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In early dramatizations, Elisabeth appears as peripheral to her husband and son, and so is always shown as a mature character. Schneider's characterization of Elisabeth as a young woman is the first time the "young" Empress is seen on screen. The trilogy was the first to explicitly depict the

2651:. Like the 1997 animated series, this film portrays the romantic mythology surrounding the unhappy marriage of Elisabeth and Franz Joseph, but the political problems of the empire and the personal troubles of the main characters are dealt with in much better detail than in many other dramas. 498:

The Duchesses traveled from Munich in several coaches, but arrived later because Ludovika who was prone to migraines had to interrupt the journey to allow her time to recover. The coaches got separated and the one with their gala dresses never arrived. On their way to Bad Ischl, they visited

1609:. Because of the sharpness and thinness of the file, the wound was very narrow and, due to pressure from Elisabeth's extremely tight corseting, the hemorrhage of blood into the pericardial sac around the heart was slowed to mere drops. Until this sac filled (a medical emergency known as 581:

looked on kindly here, and must always expect to be sent back whence she came, so will she always seek to win the King by other than natural means; she will struggle for position and power by intrigue and the sowing of discord, to the mischief of the King, the nation, and the Empire...

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It has been suggested by historians that these habits indicate a restrictive eating disorder. Walter Vandereycken, a professor of psychology, has stated that: "numerous documents repeatedly describe her considerable fear of weight gain and the psychopathological changes specific for

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romantic myth of Sissi, and ends abruptly with her determination to live a private life. Any further exploration of the topic would have been at odds with the accepted image of the loving wife, devoted mother, and benevolent empress. The three films, newly restored, are shown every

712:, abating when she was removed from her husband and her duties, her eating habits were definitely causing physical problems as well. In 1862, she had not seen Vienna for about a year when her family physician, Fischer of Munich, examined her and observed serious anemia and signs of 1613:), the beating of her heart was not impeded, which is why the Empress had been able to walk from the site of the assault and up the boat's boarding ramp. Had the weapon not been removed, she would have lived a while longer, as it would have acted like a plug to stop the bleeding. 562:(1855–1857), just 10 months after her wedding. The elder Archduchess Sophie, who often referred to Elisabeth as "a silly young mother", not only named the child after herself without consulting the mother, but she took complete charge of the baby, refusing to allow Elisabeth to 1667:

An outcry also immediately erupted over the lack of protection for the Empress. The Swiss police had been well aware of her presence, and telegrams to the appropriate authorities advising them to take all precautions had been dispatched. Police Chief Virieux of the Canton of

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hoop skirts, but when fashion began to change, she was at the forefront of abandoning the hoop skirt for a tighter and leaner silhouette. She disliked both expensive accoutrements and the protocol that dictated constant changes of clothing, preferring simple, monochromatic

495:, Franz Joseph's second younger brother, would also be joining the Imperial family. Karl Ludwig and Sisi had formed a close friendship in childhood, exchanging letters and gifts. Her mother hoped them seeing each other again would end with a possible engagement for Sisi. 2066:, this is probably the darkest portrayal of the Empress' life. It portrayed Elisabeth bringing a physical manifestation of death with her to the imperial court, thus destroying the Habsburg dynasty. The leading role in the premiere was originated by Dutch musical singer 598:

character in Franz Joseph's realm, and she became acquainted with an aristocratic independence that scorned to hide its sentiments behind courtly forms of speech... She felt her innermost soul reach out in sympathy to the proud, steadfast people of this land..."

1590:. Mayer incised the artery of her left arm to ascertain death and found no blood. She was pronounced dead at 2:10 p.m. Everyone knelt down and prayed for the repose of her soul, and Countess Sztáray closed Elisabeth's eyes and joined her hands. 629:

This same trip proved tragic when both of Elisabeth's daughters became ill. While Gisela recovered quickly, two-year-old Sophie grew steadily weaker before finally succumbing to her illness and dying. It is generally assumed today that she died of

1901:, on the Greek island of Corfu, a fountain is named after Elisabeth. The Empress had donated the "Fountain under the Sycamores" for the locals. It was festively inaugurated in 1894 by the church dignitaries and later named "Elisabeth Fountain". 617:

notes that Elisabeth's picture was "framed on desks and tables and grand pianos", and that her love for Hungary and the Hungarians "was returned with interest and still declared, thirty-six years after her assassination, with all the ardour of

1035:, her sexual withdrawal from her husband after three pregnancies in rapid succession, and her losing battle with her mother-in-law for dominance in rearing her children, she reduced her waist to 40 cm (16 inches) in circumference. 728:

She was now more assertive in her defiance of her husband and mother-in-law than before, openly opposing them on the subject of the military education of Rudolf, who, like his mother, was extremely sensitive and not suited to life at court.

389:. The palace featured an elaborate mythological motif and served as a refuge, which Elisabeth visited often. She was obsessively concerned with maintaining her youthful figure and beauty, developing a restrictive diet and wearing extremely 358:, improved Elisabeth's standing at court, but her health suffered under the strain. As a result, she would often visit Hungary for its more relaxed environment. She came to develop a deep kinship with Hungary and helped to bring about the 665:, who also was rumored to be her lover. Whenever difficult negotiations broke off between the Hungarians and the court, she assisted in resuming them. During these protracted dealings, she suggested to the emperor that Andrássy be made 1061:

reported that "she eats properly, sleeps well, and does not tight-lace anymore", her clothing from this time until her death still measured only 47–49.5 cm (18 ½–19 ½ inches) around the waist, which prompted the Prince of

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At 1.73 m (5 ft 8 in), Elisabeth was unusually tall for her time. Through fasting and exercise such as gymnastics and riding, she maintained her weight at approximately 50 kg (110 pounds) for most of her life.

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in 1897. After Rudolf's death she was thought to have dressed only in black for the rest of her life, although a light blue and cream dress discovered by The Hofburg's Sisi Museum dates to this time. To compound her losses, Count

1405:". She also refused to meet European monarchs when she did not feel like it. On her high-speed walking tours, which lasted several hours, she was mostly accompanied by her Greek language tutors or her ladies-in-waiting. Countess 991:

died on 18 February 1890. "My last and only friend is dead," she lamented. Elisabeth's youngest daughter Marie Valerie declared, "...she clung to him with true and steadfast friendship as she did perhaps, to no other person."

511:, so they were dressed in black and unable to don more suitable clothing before meeting the young Emperor. While black did not suit 18-year-old Helene's dark coloring, it made her younger sister's blonder looks more striking. 1577:

After Lucheni struck her, Elisabeth collapsed. A coach driver helped her to her feet and alerted the Austrian concierge of the Beau-Rivage, a man named Planner, who had been watching the progress the Empress made toward the

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The autopsy was performed the next day by Golay, who discovered that the weapon, which had not yet been found, had penetrated 3.33 inches (85 mm) into Elisabeth's thorax, fractured the fourth rib, pierced the lung and

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Franz Joseph was passionately in love with his wife, but they had a very complex relationship. He was a stolid and sober man, a political conservative who was still guided by his mother and her adherence to the strict

1370:), which had become very popular with the fashion-crazed crowd. Newspapers also reported on a series of reputed lovers. Although there is no verifiable evidence of her having an affair, one of her alleged lovers was 1124:

In the last years of her life, Elisabeth became even more restless and obsessive, weighing herself up to three times a day. She regularly took steam baths to prevent weight gain; by 1894, she had wasted away to near

6783: 790:. In the next year, Elisabeth lived primarily there, leaving her neglected and resentful Austrian subjects to trade rumors that if the infant she was expecting were a son, she would name him Stephen, after the 683:

Due to her nervous attacks, fasting cures, severe exercise regime, and frequent fits of coughing, the state of her health had become so alarming that in October 1860, she was reported to suffer not only from

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went on to become the most successful German-language musical of all time and has enjoyed numerous productions around the world, but has not been adapted for an English-speaking audience as of June 2024.

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were the lawyer Nikos Thermoyanis, Roussos Roussopoulos, who thanks to Elisabeth became an honorary consul in Budapest, Constantin Manos, who became a resistance fighter against the Turks in Crete, and

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Her night and bedtime rituals were just as demanding. Elisabeth slept without a pillow on a metal bedstead, which she believed was better for retaining and maintaining her upright posture; either raw

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in 1902. The Star was recovered by Canadian Police in 2007 and eventually returned to Austria. Although Blanchard possessed the priceless jewel, no one was ever formally charged with stealing it.

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to describe her as "almost inhumanly slender". She developed a horror of fat women and transmitted this attitude to her youngest daughter, who was terrified when, as a little girl, she first met

2757:(1867–1911), who served as Elisabeth's modern Greek language tutor from 1891 to 1893 and escorted her during her stay in Corfu, published his memoirs of her shortly after her death, in his 1899 460:

in the summer months, far from the protocols of court. Sisi and her siblings grew up in an unrestrained, unstructured environment; she often skipped her lessons to go riding in the countryside.

555:. Within a few weeks, Elisabeth started to display health problems. She experienced fits of coughing and became anxious and frightened whenever she had to descend a narrow or steep staircase. 2367:) wears an elaborate white/silver ball gown in her first leading role, with diamond stars in her long, dark hair. The ensemble is modeled after Elisabeth’s attire and hairstyle in the iconic 865:'s Fairy Queen, Elisabeth expressed her intimate thoughts and desires in a large number of romantic poems, which served as a type of secret diary. Most of her poetry relates to her journeys, 2774:

in 2022. His book is both an accurate historical account of Elisabeth's travels to Greece and a very personal portrait of her character and her special relationship with the Greek people.

2455: 2368: 2761:(Diary Pages). Although he portrayed Elisabeth in an idealistic favourable manner, as a fairytale princess come to life, his book greatly displeased the Imperial Court that declared him 4378:

Vandereycken, W., & Abatzi, T. (1996). Das anorektische Leben der Kaiserin Elisabeth von Osterreich (1837–1898). Schlankheitskult im Hause Habsburg . Der Nervenarzt, 67(7), 608–613.

6788: 1409:, her last lady-in-waiting, describes the reclusive and highly sensitive Empress as a natural, liberal and modest character, as a good listener and keen observer with great intellect. 1549:", he had stabbed Elisabeth with a sharpened needle file that was 4 inches (100 mm) long (used to file the eyes of industrial needles) that he had inserted into a wooden handle. 1676:

Lucheni was brought before the Geneva Court in October. Furious that the death sentence had been abolished there, he demanded that he be tried according to the laws of the Canton of

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Golay photographed the wound but turned the photograph over to the Swiss Procurator-General, who had it destroyed, on the orders of Franz Joseph, along with the autopsy instruments.

613:, Elisabeth felt such an affinity for them that she began to learn Hungarian. In turn, the country reciprocated in its adoration of her. Writing about his visit to Hungary in 1934, 1664:

unrest swept Vienna and reprisals were threatened against Italians. The intensity of shock, mourning, and outrage far exceeded that which occurred at the news of Rudolf's death.

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The fact that she had not produced a male heir made Elisabeth increasingly unwanted in the palace. One day, she found a pamphlet on her desk with the following words underlined:

1340:. Emperor Franz Joseph was hoping that his wife would finally settle down at the Achilleion, but she soon lost interest in the fairytale property. The building was purchased by 2316: 2770:

Drawing on Christomanos's diaries and so far unpublished sources from Greece's national archives, Austrian anthropologist and journalist Stefan Haderer published his book

2672:. In 2018 after airing two seasons totalling 56 episodes (26 minutes each, with 52 shorter 11–minute episodes slated for its 3D third season) it sold its second season to 1652:

After the attack, Lucheni fled down the Rue des Alpes, where he threw the file into the entrance to No. 3. He was caught by two cabdrivers and a sailor, then secured by a

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brunette, took at least three hours. Her hair was so long and heavy that she often complained that the weight of the elaborate double braids and pins gave her headaches.

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Portrait of Elisabeth depicting her long hair. Made by Franz Xaver Winterhalter in 1865, it was supposedly one of Emperor Franz Joseph's favourite paintings of his wife.

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in 1889 was a blow from which the Empress never recovered. She withdrew from court duties and travelled widely, unaccompanied by her family. In 1890, she had the palace

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court life, for which she was unprepared and which she found suffocating. Early in the marriage, she was at odds with her mother-in-law, who was also her maternal aunt,

1121:, she could no longer endure long hours in the saddle, she substituted with walking, subjecting her attendants to interminable marches and hiking tours in all weather. 2335: 1188: 1086:

or any other "underlinen", as they added bulk, and was often literally sewn into her clothes, to bypass waistbands, creases, and wrinkles and to further emphasize the

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The Mayerling incident increased public interest in Elisabeth, and she continued to be an icon and a sensation in her own right wherever she went. She carried a white

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that day, an entourage larger than one lady-in-waiting could have discouraged Lucheni, who had been following the Empress for several days, awaiting an opportunity.

3293: 2029:. Although the pet name of the empress was always spelled "Sisi", never "Sissi", this incorrect version of her name persisted in the works about her that followed. 1913: 8218: 2685: 1319:. About her travels, she commented: "If I arrived at a place and knew that I could never leave it again, the whole stay would become hell despite being paradise". 1545:

announced the departure, Lucheni seemed to stumble and made a movement with his hand, as if he wanted to maintain his balance. In reality, however, in an act of "

475:("Néné"). Although the couple had never met, Franz Joseph's obedience was taken for granted by the Archduchess, who was once described as "the only man in the 1401:

On her journeys, Elisabeth sought to avoid all public attention and crowds of people. She was mostly travelling incognito, using pseudonyms like "Countess of

2926: 1687:, "That a man could be found to attack such a woman, whose whole life was spent in doing good and who never injured any person, is to me incomprehensible". 4010: 1166: 5362: 1117:

in her 50s with equal discipline. She rode every day for hours on end, becoming a skilled horsewoman, possibly the best-known of her time. When, due to

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Elisabeth had an aversion to being photographed, especially later in her life, and was quick with a fan or sunshade to prevent her portrait being taken.

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types, fastening up the front with hooks and eyes, but Elisabeth had more rigid, solid-front ones made in Paris out of leather, "like those of Parisian

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but enjoyed an informal upbringing before marrying her first cousin, Emperor Franz Joseph I, at 16. The marriage thrust her into the much more formal

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While in Greece during her travels at the age of 51 (1888), Elisabeth became tattooed with an anchor on her shoulder to reflect her love of the sea.

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is a condensed version, with the three films edited down into one feature and dubbed in English. This version was released in North America in 1962.

8258: 7057: 2663: 2140:(who played her younger self at the age of 62), and starred Carla Nelsen as the title character. The film later achieved notoriety when a group of 471:, preferring a niece to a stranger for her daughter-in-law, arranged a meeting between her son and her sister Princess Ludovika's eldest daughter, 8013: 7427: 6629: 547:

After enjoying an informal, unstructured childhood, Elisabeth, who was shy and introverted by nature, and more so among the stifling formality of

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Elisabeth was an emotionally complex woman, and perhaps due to the melancholy and eccentricity that was considered a given characteristic of her

1660:, but lacking the price of 12 francs he had simply sharpened an old file into a homemade dagger and cut down a piece of firewood into a handle. 452:. Maximilian was considered peculiar; he loved circuses and traveled the Bavarian countryside to escape his duties. The family's homes were the 6165: 5559: 4959: 1424:. The last tutor who accompanied the Empress was the English-Greek Frederic Barker. He also served as a middleman for negotiations to sell the 5983: 7924: 7728: 7297: 6339: 3535: 1432:. On her voyages, Empress Elisabeth was also attended by a Swedish therapist, Arvid Ludvig Kellgren, to whom she even wrote romantic poetry. 296: 6896: 6306: 4389: 2892:. The novel concerns a circus traveling through Europe at the close of the 19th century, and portrays Elisabeth's interest in circuses and 2644: 2210:

In the German and Italian-speaking world, Elisabeth's name is often associated with a trilogy of romantic films about her life directed by

576:

blockquote|...The natural destiny of a Queen is to give an heir to the throne. If the Queen is so fortunate as to provide the State with a

716:. Her feet were sometimes so swollen that she could walk only laboriously, and with the support of others. On medical advice, she went to 601: 6798: 6474: 6269: 5062: 3143: 2522:, with Wolff playing the role of Empress Elisabeth and Hüller in the role of Sztáray. The film was released in Germany on 16 March 2023. 830:

ceremony regarding both his public and domestic life, whereas Elisabeth inhabited a different world altogether. Restless to the point of

5698: 1129:, reaching her lowest point of 43.5 kg (95.7 lbs). There were some aberrations in Elisabeth's diet that appear to be signs of 8183: 8163: 6843: 6599: 897:), she was interested in the treatment of the mentally ill. In 1871, when the Emperor asked her what she would like as a gift for her 7643: 3597: 700:. During this time, the court was rife with malicious rumors that Franz Joseph was having a liaison with an actress named Frau Roll. 5546: 8168: 8153: 7653: 6504: 4897: 1564:. Failing to find him, the assassin selected Elisabeth when a Geneva newspaper revealed that the elegant woman traveling under the 4434:

Fellner, Sabine/Unterreiner, Katrin, Rosenblüte und Schneckenschleim , excerpt, Kurier (Vienna) – Health, 24 November 2006, p. 17.

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centers around the shooting of a fictitious film about Elisabeth. The role of the actress portraying the Empress was played by

1945: 1692: 858: 4776: 2816:

Journalist Jennifer Bowers Bahney wrote the non-fiction narrative of the theft of the Koechert diamond and pearl jewel titled

8143: 8133: 8113: 7789: 7694: 7197: 7187: 7127: 6479: 6419: 5443: 5321: 5306: 4696: 4020: 2574:(1994) revolves around a deluded woman affected by the myth of the Empress. The episode, appropriately, is entitled, "Sisi." 721:

vomited four times en route, which might support a theory that some of her complaints were stress-related and psychosomatic.

669:

of Hungary as part of a compromise, and in a forceful attempt to bring the two men together, strongly admonished her husband:

65: 24: 20: 5023: 3381: 2426:

In December 2014, to coincide with the presentation of the Pre-Fall 2015 "Metier d'arts" collection by luxury fashion house

8248: 7958: 7784: 7327: 7097: 6564: 6524: 6489: 6414: 6238: 5514:"Warrant appointing the Empress Elisabeth Amalie of Austria to be a Dame Grand Cross of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem" 4457: 3785: 3148: 2944:

The book and its disappearance form part of the goings-on that drive the various family members and guests to distraction.

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at a ball at the end of the story, in which Flashman has helped prevent her husband the Emperor from being assassinated.

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The empress developed extremely rigorous and disciplined exercise habits. Every castle she lived in was equipped with a

966:

Elisabeth never recovered from the tragedy, sinking further into melancholy. Within ten years, she had lost her father,

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Maura E. Hametz and Heidi Schlipphacke: 'Sissi's World: The Empress Elisabeth in Memory and Myth' (Bloomsbury: 2018) (

1183:

Elisabeth used these captive hours during grooming to learn languages; she spoke fluent English and French, and added

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on Rudolf's part. The scandal was known as the "Mayerling incident" after the location of Rudolf's hunting lodge in

751: 558:

Early in her marriage she was surprised to learn that she was pregnant; she gave birth to her first child, daughter

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Sign reads "Here Empress Elisabeth of Austria was assassinated on 10 September 1898" in Geneva, Switzerland (2022)

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and in return, he saw that Franz Joseph and Elisabeth were officially crowned King and Queen of Hungary in June.

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at all. Five days later, their betrothal was officially announced. The couple were married eight months later in

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A heavily fictionalized version of Elisabeth's younger years is portrayed in a 1997 animated children's series,

1860: 1137:

and had a spiral staircase built from her sitting room into the kitchen, so that she could reach it in private.

811: 779: 8193: 8057: 8008: 7457: 7417: 6649: 6624: 5931: 5885: 5837: 5822: 5729: 5648: 5633: 5366: 3503: 2295:. A portrait of Schneider in this film was the only one, taken from her roles, which is displayed in her home. 1949: 1867:, houses the Empress Elizabeth Museum. The Empress's specially built railway sleeping car is on display at the 1227: 504: 2321: 1479:

In 1898, despite warnings of possible assassination attempts, the 60-year-old Elisabeth traveled incognito to

8228: 8208: 8188: 8148: 8138: 8003: 7638: 7407: 6863: 6619: 6369: 6151: 3742: 3726: 2824: 2375: 2231: 1371: 567: 559: 508: 351: 222: 217: 7613: 6409: 1049: 7998: 7397: 6858: 6614: 6325: 3561: 2038: 1031:. During the peak period of 1859–60, which coincided with Franz-Joseph's political and military defeats in 975: 680:

When Elisabeth was still blocked from controlling her son's upbringing and education, she openly rebelled.

445: 285: 5656:

Alas de gaviota. Diario poético de Elisabeth von Wittelsbach, emperatriz de Austria & reina de Hungría

4974: 4713:

A la mémoire de sa majesté l'impératrice et reine Elisabeth en souvenir de ses nombreux séjours à Montreux

1979:

in Hungary (which used to be one town at the time when it was built in 1892), is named after the Empress.

8062: 7983: 7953: 7755: 7709: 7467: 7367: 7317: 6882: 6818: 6736: 6721: 6654: 6584: 6559: 6484: 5406: 5044: 4750: 3261: 3186: 2454:, as well as the Empress's nickname "Sisi". Lagerfeld recreated the iconic gown worn by Elisabeth in the 2152: 1891: 1620:

fitted with two glass panels, covered with doors, which could be slid back to allow her face to be seen.

4806: 2950:, who lived in Austria at the time of the Empress's death, wrote about her assassination in the article 2471:

focuses on Empress Elisabeth's life following her 40th birthday celebrations. The film premiered at the

6494: 6389: 6088: 5795:

Stefan Haderer: "Where an Empress used to lodge: Imperial Residences of Empress Elisabeth of Austria",

5711: 3105: 2752: 2402: 2384: 1344: 1053:

Empress Elisabeth with her two children and a portrait of the late Archduchess Sophie Friederike (1858)

841: 520: 464: 347: 325: 52: 7593: 1725: 8223: 7993: 7689: 7387: 6853: 6609: 6364: 6348: 6259: 6223: 6062: 4337: 4126:"The Austro-Hungarian Compromise, 1867–1918: A Half Century of Diagnosis; Fifty Years of Post-Mortem" 3754: 3050: 2648: 2472: 2351: 2343: 1909: 1905: 1790: 1391: 971: 743: 472: 468: 329: 182: 7247: 5692: 2003: 1113:

was fitted with gigantic mirrors so that she could correct every movement and position. She took up

950: 523:, on 24 April 1854. The marriage was finally consummated three days later, and Elisabeth received a 6634: 6534: 6100: 6092: 6066: 3973:

Chauviere, Emily, "The Marriage of Emperor Francis Joseph and Elisabeth of Austria", 12 August 2011

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wrote a historical fiction novel about Elisabeth and her marriage to Emperor Franz Joseph entitled

2193: 2136:

was one of the first films to focus entirely on Elisabeth. It was co-written by Elisabeth's niece,

1941: 1924: 1640: 1428:. After Elisabeth's death, Barker continued to stay in touch with the imperial family and became a 56: 5980: 5899: 2744:(Bobbs-Merrill, 1937); one of five biographies by Harding about members of the Habsburg dynasty. 1940:

jeweler Jakob Heinrich Köchert for her to wear in her hair, which appears in a portrait of her by

1714: 1510: 1362:, diet and exercise regimens, and fashion sense. She often shopped at the Budapest fashion house, 634:. Her death pushed Elisabeth, who was already prone to bouts of melancholy, into periods of heavy 7880: 7853: 7663: 7237: 6967: 6539: 6384: 6233: 6006: 3235: 2861: 2779: 2721: 2552: 2203: 1868: 1827:

Various residences that Elisabeth frequented are preserved and open to the public, including her

1629: 5804: 806: 570:(1856–1932), was born a year later, the Archduchess took this baby away from Elisabeth as well. 7809: 7177: 2883: 2856: 2692: 2198: 2026: 1813: 1546: 857:

She tried to make a name for herself by writing Heine-inspired poetry. Referring to herself as

5433: 4500: 1912:) named after her were recently selected as a main motif for a high value collector coin, the 1220:

her skin tone, she took both a cold shower every morning (which in later years aggravated her

983: 8077: 7598: 7497: 6838: 6701: 6669: 6594: 6529: 6469: 6379: 6119: 3121: 2415: 2303: 1463: 1171: 1134: 959: 936: 370: 4221: 2450:, playing on the iconic interlocking logo of the fashion house, the initials of its founder 8123: 8118: 8047: 7919: 7894: 7804: 7684: 7437: 7287: 7087: 7017: 6823: 6813: 6768: 6731: 6711: 6639: 6554: 6514: 6040: 2499: 2410: 2292: 1624:

and high-ranking nobles followed her funeral cortege on the morning of 17 September to the

1383: 1063: 1007: 894: 890: 791: 614: 339: 265: 7555: 6011: 5641:

Stealing Sisi's Star: How a master thief nearly got away with Austria's most famous jewel,

5486:"Soberanas y princesas condecoradas con la Gran Cruz de San Carlos el 10 de Abril de 1865" 1832: 8: 8067: 7978: 7769: 7699: 7679: 7648: 7628: 7618: 7608: 7588: 7477: 7357: 7217: 7207: 7117: 7077: 7067: 6808: 6793: 6778: 6726: 6696: 6659: 6579: 6549: 6447: 6399: 6081: 5206:

Stealing Sisi's Star: How a Master Thief Nearly Got Away with Austria's Most Famous Jewel

4884:

Stealing Sisi's Star: How a Master Thief Nearly Got Away with Austria's Most Famous Jewel

3955:

Vandereycken, Walter & Van Deth, Ron, "The Anorectic Empress: Elisabeth of Austria",

3924:

Stealing Sisi's Star: How a Master Thief Nearly Got Away with Austria's Most Famous Jewel

2968: 2818:

Stealing Sisi's Star: How a Master Thief Nearly Got Away with Austria's Most Famous Jewel

2705: 2640: 2431: 2174: 2055: 2050: 1741: 1719: 1382:. He had been named as the probable lover of Lady Henrietta Blanche Hozier and father of 1322:

After her son's death, she commissioned a palace on the Island of Corfu which she named "

1299:. The Empress also visited countries not usually visited by European royals at the time: 862: 500: 449: 4331: 2975:

The song "SiSi" by the Scottish band Washington Irving is inspired by Elisabeth's life.

1471: 7914: 7704: 7573: 7307: 7277: 7257: 7137: 7007: 6848: 6604: 6356: 5942: 5923: 5028: 4153: 4145: 3778: 3164: 2767:

and forced him to resign his university teaching position in Vienna and leave Austria.

2600: 2266:

on Austrian, German, Dutch, and French television. In 2007, the films were released as

2165: 2085: 1883: 1864: 1852: 1734: 1488: 1425: 1421: 1323: 1248: 1012: 940: 914: 688:, but also from physical exhaustion. A serious lung complaint of "lungenschwindsucht" ( 594: 457: 437: 382: 374: 336: 321: 136: 2518:, tells the story of Empress Elisabeth from the point of view of her lady-in-waiting, 1744:, there is an elaborate memorial monument featuring a seated statue of the Empress by 893:

lineage (the best-known member of the family being her favorite cousin, the eccentric

551:

court life, had difficulty adapting to the Hofburg and its rigid protocols and strict

8032: 7938: 7838: 7819: 7814: 7794: 6977: 6927: 6917: 6756: 6679: 6457: 6424: 5946: 5927: 5881: 5866: 5855: 5833: 5818: 5800: 5785: 5770: 5725: 5676: 5644: 5629: 5598: 5553: 5439: 5342: 5287: 5262: 5234: 5209: 5184: 5159: 5134: 5109: 4947: 4692: 4659: 4580: 4550: 4340: 4227: 4157: 4016: 3623: 3355: 3055: 2932:

The Empress haunts a deadly Christmas house party in the form of a chatty biography,

2840: 2763: 2620: 2596: 2476: 2443: 2420: 2347: 2160: 2115: 2090: 1610: 1606: 1395: 1387: 870: 738: 635: 453: 429: 209: 5000: 2111: 1796: 1153: 1073:

In her youth, Elisabeth followed the fashions of the age, which for many years were

988: 768: 662: 7824: 7714: 7623: 7227: 7157: 7047: 6987: 6947: 6803: 6773: 6691: 6519: 6404: 6016: 5970: 4784: 4684: 4445:

Where an Empress used to lodge: Imperial residences of Empress Elisabeth of Austria

4137: 2904: 2708:. As of March 2023, it is available in the United States on the streaming platform 2612: 2586: 2511: 2485: 2281: 1932: 1703: 1648:. On the other side of Franz Josef's tomb is that of their son, Crown Prince Rudolf 1142: 999:

made of leather in addition to a concealing fan to hide her face from the curious.

866: 623: 5090: 2503: 2274:. Schneider came to loathe the role, claiming, "Sissi sticks to me like porridge ( 1936: 1367: 7799: 7633: 7107: 6499: 6174: 5987: 5810: 5755: 5740: 5668: 5254: 4688: 4348: 3182: 3168: 2937: 2893: 2888: 2872: 2741: 2548: 2439: 2211: 2144:

started selling stills from the murder scene as actual photographs of the crime.

2063: 2046: 1809: 1801: 1745: 1499: 1379: 1276: 1058: 1039: 363: 5997: 5895:, Volume 24, 2007–2008, Published by the Simone de Beauvoir Society (California) 5380: 4465: 2519: 1956: 1887: 1495: 1406: 783: 693: 19:"Elisabeth of Bavaria" redirects here. For other people with the same name, see 7547: 7167: 6374: 6026: 3080: 3002:

and connecting Buda with Pest, first constructed in 1903, was named after her.

2865: 2802: 2726: 2579: 2532: 2515: 2468: 2463: 2435: 2339: 2215: 2103: 2018: 1955:

There are several statues of Empress Elisabeth in Slovakia: a bronze statue by

1775: 1645: 1625: 1605:, and penetrated the heart from the top before coming out the base of the left 1542: 1341: 1279:, where tourism had started only in the second half of the nineteenth century; 1268: 1243: 1067: 902: 851: 827: 772: 747:

Coronation of Franz Joseph and Elisabeth as Apostolic King and Queen of Hungary

169: 5992: 4141: 1644:

Empress Elisabeth's tomb next to that of her husband Franz Joseph in Vienna's

585:

him, he granted amnesty to a number of political prisoners at her suggestion.

482:

Princess Ludovika and Duchess Helene were invited to journey to the resort of

41: 8107: 7963: 7603: 7337: 6828: 6569: 5687: 2832: 2570: 2541: 2507: 2286: 2280:)." Later she appeared as a much more realistic and fascinating Elisabeth in 2182: 2120: 2059: 1534: 1457: 1359: 1292: 1260: 944: 831: 717: 709: 563: 487: 405: 359: 7512: 6317: 5759: 5744: 5410: 4777:"Empress Elizabeth Museum Possenhofen, Sisi Museum, Lake Starnberg, Bavaria" 2446:. During a dream sequence, the duo sing a song written by Williams entitled 1683:

Franz Joseph remarked to Prince Liechtenstein, who was the couple's devoted

1597:

response was that whatever procedures were prescribed should be adhered to.

1456:

An artist's rendition of the stabbing of Elisabeth by the Italian anarchist

845:

Empress Elisabeth and Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria young couple c. 1855

5691: 5621: 4352: 4344: 2963: 2608: 2562: 2530:

Elisabeth was portrayed in episode 1 of the 1974 British television series

2480: 2223: 2188: 2036:

wrote a play about an imagined meeting between Elisabeth and her assassin,

2033: 1840: 1199:, her hair, unfastened and reaching to the floor, enfolded her entire body. 1184: 1130: 1079: 689: 619: 577: 7578: 5106:

Tagebuchblätter : Erinnerungen des Hauslehrers der Kaiserin Elisabeth

1923:

Empress Elisabeth of Austria in Courtly Gala Dress with Diamond Stars, by

1700:

International Conference of Rome for the Social Defense Against Anarchists

1523:, she insisted that they walk without the other members of her entourage. 755:

Empress Elisabeth in the Hungarian coronation dress and rose diadem (1867)

6439: 5993:

YouTube: Inner visit to Sisi Museum in Hofburg Palace, Vienna (min. 3:30)

5958:

The Sporting Empress: The Story of Elizabeth of Austria and Bay Middleton

2848: 2636: 2599:

portrayed an older Elisabeth in the 2006 television dramatization of the

2494: 2451: 2395: 2379: 2364: 2308: 2298: 2178: 2147: 2141: 2095: 1844: 1836: 1821: 1653: 1602: 1503: 1484: 1429: 1284: 1280: 1264: 1177: 1106: 1028: 835: 390: 156: 5574: 5259:

The reluctant empress : a biography of Empress Elisabeth of Austria

4941: 4928: 1751: 1494:

At 1:35 p.m. on Saturday 10 September 1898, Elisabeth and Countess

6143: 6001: 5663:

Clash of Generations: A Habsburg Family Drama in the Nineteenth Century

5325: 5310: 4149: 4125: 4012:

Emperor Francis Joseph: Life, Death and the Fall of the Habsburg Empire

3017:), was founded in 1903 by Emperor Franz Joseph in memory of Elisabeth. 2947: 2537: 2067: 1587: 1520: 1209: 1205: 1126: 1087: 708:, where she improved almost immediately. If her illnesses were mostly 610: 535: 4628:

Franz Joseph and Elisabeth: The Last Great Monarchs of Austria-Hungary

1976: 1972: 1808:

A large number of chapels were named in her honour, connecting her to

1420:, a future sportsman and co-founder of the famous Greek football club 901:, she listed a young tiger and a medallion, but: "...a fully equipped 5976:

Web site of the Italian biographer Matteo Tuveri: www.matteotuveri.it

3413: 2677: 2271: 2263: 1987: 1848: 1793:

and dedicated in 1998 on the 100th anniversary of the assassination.

1565: 1557: 1531: 1527: 1507: 1288: 1221: 1110: 1101:

was converted into one, mats and balance beams were installed in her

1083: 1074: 1043: 1027:

Elisabeth emphasised her extreme slenderness through the practice of

931:

In 1889, Elisabeth's life was shattered by the death of her only son

924: 552: 483: 401: 378: 6874: 4425:

Unterreiner, Katrin, Sisi – Mythos und Wahrheit , Brandstätter, 2005

2725:, centering on Sisi's life, she is played by Turkish-German actress 1968: 1964: 1452: 6957: 5091:"Katrin Gebbe and Florian Cossen preparing The Empress for Netflix" 4546: 4086:

The real Francis-Joseph: the private life of the emperor of Austria

2921:

Elisabeth's youth and early adult life are dramatized in the novel

2669: 2568:

The season five finale of the Austrian detective television series

2099:

with her son Prince Rudolf, the principal character in the ballet.

2022: 1983: 1960: 1898: 1879: 1771: 1763: 1756: 1657: 1538: 1516: 1445: 1402: 1331: 1212:), but also used a wide variety of other facial tonics and waters. 1196: 1118: 996: 955: 898: 787: 646: 548: 350:, who took over the rearing of Elisabeth's daughters, one of whom, 343: 90: 5891:

Matteo Tuveri: "Elizabeth of Austria: A Beauvoirian perspective",

5815:

The Reluctant Empress: A Biography of Empress Elisabeth of Austria

4223:

The Reluctant Empress: A Biography of Empress Elisabeth of Austria

4208:

The Spirit of Hungary: A Panorama of Hungarian History and Culture

4070:

The Spirit of Hungary: A Panorama of Hungarian History and Culture

3997:

The Spirit of Hungary: A Panorama of Hungarian History and Culture

3984:

The Spirit of Hungary: A Panorama of Hungarian History and Culture

2877:

The Reluctant Empress: A Biography of Empress Elisabeth of Austria

2025:

was written by Ernst and Hubert Marischka, with orchestrations by

408:. Her tenure of 44 years was the longest of any Austrian empress. 400:

in 1898, Elisabeth was fatally stabbed in the heart by an Italian

7583: 5920:

Specchi ad angoli obliqui. Diario poetico di Elisabetta d'Austria

5845:

Golden Fleece: The Story of Franz Joseph and Elisabeth of Austria

4725:"In memoriam Elisabeth, Impératrice d'Autriche, Reine de Hongrie" 4390:"The Beauty Rituals of 19th Century Empress Elisabeth of Austria" 3010: 2673: 2629: 1991: 1875: 1828: 1684: 1677: 1304: 1300: 1272: 1114: 1102: 1098: 919: 697: 666: 476: 260: 5752:

The Royal Diaries: Elisabeth, The Princess Bride (Austria, 1853)

4683:. Cambridge University Press. 5 December 2013. p. 131–184. 778:

As a coronation gift, Hungary presented the royal couple with a

539:

The young Elisabeth shortly after becoming Austrian Empress, by

5595:

Burke's Royal Families of the World: Europe & Latin America

5495:(in Spanish), National Digital Newspaper Library of Mexico: 347 2625: 2427: 2390: 1990:(where she used to stay on her later travels), in Budapest, in 1817: 1561: 1480: 1348: 1312: 685: 631: 516: 433: 397: 152: 132: 4857:

Art of the Steal: On the Trail of World's Most Ingenious Thief

4679:"The first international conference on terrorism: Rome 1898". 3819: 5975: 4975:"An Empress Ahead of Her Time is Having a Pop Culture Moment" 4080: 4078: 4064: 4062: 3101: 2791: 2701: 2633: 2409:

A recent appearance of Sisi was in the new 2012 biopic about

1856: 1785:

du Mont-Blanc on the shore of Lake Geneva, there is a statue

1766:, Switzerland, there is a monument to the Empress created by 1537:

approached them, attempting to peer underneath the empress's

1375: 1336: 1327: 1316: 1308: 1296: 713: 705: 566:

or otherwise care for her own child. When a second daughter,

524: 428:

Elisabeth Amalie Eugenie was born on 24 December 1837 in the

386: 4868:"Canadian police recover famed Star of Empress Sisi jewel", 4654:

Newton, Michael (2014). "Elisabeth of Austria (1837–1898)".

4575:

Newton, Michael (2014). "Elisabeth of Austria (1837–1898)".

4570: 4568: 4566: 4541:

Newton, Michael (2014). "Elisabeth of Austria (1837–1898)".

4536: 4534: 2357:

An indirect reference to Elisabeth is made in the 2004 film

1729:

Monument in Volksgarten (a closer view of the seated statue)

935:, who was found dead together with his young lover Baroness 654:

On 21 August 1858, Elisabeth finally gave birth to an heir,

5363:"A Nurse's View of the Battle of Bull Run (First Manassas)" 4783:. Kaiserin Elisabeth Museum Possenhofen e.V. Archived from 3006: 2999: 2988: 2458:, whilst Pharrell takes on attire similar to Franz Joseph. 1782: 1669: 1216: 794:. The issue was avoided when she gave birth to a daughter, 6022:

What Happened to the Young Elisabeth at the Wedding night?

4960:"Un Certain Regard Winners List 2022 - Festival de Cannes" 4647: 4075: 4059: 2042:("The Double-headed Eagle"). It was first staged in 1946. 661:

Elisabeth was a personal advocate for the Hungarian Count

6027:

The Land of Queen Elisabeth – The Royal Palace of Gödöllő

4757:. Schloss Schönbrunn Kultur- und Betriebsgesellschaft mbH 4563: 4531: 3193:(nominated, but never formally invested due to her death) 2790:

The story of Elisabeth is told in Susan Appleyard's 2016

2709: 1105:

so that she could practise on them each morning, and the

1094: 970:, in 1888; her only son Rudolf in 1889; her older sister 5597:. Vol. 1. London: Burke's Peerage Ltd. p. 30. 5024:"Mondo TV's 'Sissi' Makes Royal Appointment with JeemTV" 4844:

Canadian police recover famed Star of Empress Sisi jewel

4656:

Famous Assassinations in World History: An Encyclopedia

4577:

Famous Assassinations in World History: An Encyclopedia

4543:

Famous Assassinations in World History: An Encyclopedia

1778:; the inscription mentions her many visits to the area. 1593:

Elisabeth had been the Empress of Austria for 44 years.

1347:

after her death. It was later acquired by the nation of

1295:, where the imperial couple would spend the summer; and 5767:

Im Schatten Homers. Kaiserin Elisabeth in Griechenland.

5673:

Louis II de Bavière et Elisabeth d'Autriche, âmes sœurs

2899:

The empress appears in the 1976 romantic fiction novel

2589:

portrayed Elisabeth in the 2004 French television film

1568:

of "Countess of Hohenembs" was the Empress of Austria.

5592: 4486:

Haderer, Stefan, "Empress Elisabeth's Final Odyssey",

3294:

Countess Palatine Maria Anna of Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld

2787:, and written by Gigi Griffis, was published in 2022. 1948:, known as "Erzsi", on the occasion of her wedding to 1491:

revealed that the Empress of Austria was their guest.

927:, in which Crown Prince Rudolf died by suicide in 1889 335:

Elisabeth was born into the Ducal royal branch of the

5724:, several editions in Modern Greek, German, French) ( 3900:. Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York). p. 129. 2544:

portrayed the Empress at the time of Rudolf's death.

1997: 704:

disease. A fresh rest cure was advised, this time on

5460:"Real orden de Damas Nobles de la Reina Maria Luisa" 3917: 3915: 3913: 3911: 3909: 3907: 3034:

Elizabeth, Empress of Austria & Queen of Hungary

2972:

includes "If I Had a Wish", a song about Elisabeth.

2838:

Elisabeth's story inspired the 2003 children's book

2777:

A companion novel to the six-episode Netflix series

1914:

Empress Elisabeth Western Railway commemorative coin

1475:

The funeral procession in Vienna (17 September 1898)

1398:

to assuage his loneliness during her long absences.

5799:

Vol. 01/2009, Rosvall Royal Books, Falköping 2009 (

5409:[Chain Bridge] (in Czech). Municipality of 4875: 4501:"Austria's free-spirited Empress Sisi and her life" 4333:

Elizabeth : Empress of Austria : A Memoir

3822:"Life for this Bavarian princess was no fairy tale" 2827:are included in the 2014 historical fiction novel, 1863:in Hungary. Her childhood family summer residence, 1560:to France's throne had left Geneva earlier for the 1176:, was originally a stage hairdresser at the Wiener 1057:Although on her return to Vienna in August 1862, a 369:The death of Elisabeth's only son and his mistress 312:; 24 December 1837 – 10 September 1898), nicknamed 5939:Tabularium. Considerazioni su Elisabetta d'Austria 1812:. Various parks were named after her, such as the 1698:Internationally the assassination resulted in the 869:and romantic themes, and ironic commentary on the 810:Engraving depicting the Hungarian royal family at 332:on 24 April 1854 until her assassination in 1898. 5904:, Journal Eco delle Dolomiti, Pinzolo (TN), Italy 5782:Under the Spell of a Myth: Empress Sisi in Greece 5131:Under the Spell of a Myth: Empress Sisi in Greece 4898:"Z Komárna do Maďarska vybudujú asymetrický most" 4832:Under the Spell of a Myth: Empress Sisi in Greece 4464:. Hellenic Tourism Properties S.A. Archived from 3904: 2772:Under the Spell of a Myth: Empress Sisi in Greece 1358:Newspapers published articles on her passion for 440:. She was the third child and second daughter of 60:Queen of Bohemia Queen of Galicia and Lodomeria 8239:Grand Cordons of the Order of the Precious Crown 8105: 6265:Princess Sophie, Countess of Toerring-Jettenbach 5545:(in German), vol. 1, Berlin, 1886, p. 3478:Frederick Michael, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken 3134: 2882:Elisabeth appears as a significant character in 2841:The Royal Diaries: Elisabeth, The Princess Bride 1444:Purported last photograph taken of Elisabeth at 850:German lyric poet and radical political thinker 467:, the domineering mother of 23-year-old Emperor 6105:Queen consort of Croatia, Slavonia and Dalmatia 5435:Lemberg: das kulturelle Zentrum der Westukraine 4616:. New York: Philosophical Library, 1955, p. 75. 2844:set during her teenage years in 1853 and 1854. 2406:(2017), Elisabeth is played by Herbig himself. 1986:, in the garden of the former Hotel Strauch in 1691:state property, was left to her granddaughter, 6275:Marie Gabrielle, Princess Rupprecht of Bavaria 6224:Helene, Hereditary Princess of Thurn and Taxis 3820:María Pilar Queralt del Hierro (14 May 2019). 767:created the dual monarchy of Austria-Hungary. 393:corsets to keep her waist looking very small. 8014:Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel 7542: 7528: 7428:Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel 6890: 6630:Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel 6347: 6333: 6244:Princess Sophie Charlotte, Duchess of Alençon 6239:Princess Mathilde Ludovika, Countess of Trani 6159: 4881: 4421: 4419: 4176: 4174: 3921: 3828:. National Geographic Society. Archived from 3536:Countess Palatine Maria Franziska of Sulzbach 2875:revived interest in Elisabeth with her book, 2110:(Sissi, Anarchist Empress), choreographed by 873:. Her wanderlust is defined by her own work: 6307:Sophie, Hereditary Princess of Liechtenstein 5702:(11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. 5103: 3969: 3967: 3965: 3951: 3949: 3947: 3945: 3943: 3941: 3939: 3937: 3935: 3933: 3898:Imperial Style: Fashions of the Habsburg Era 2593:, detailing the last five days of her life. 2275: 1982:Other statues in her memory were erected in 1971:. The Elisabeth Bridge connecting the towns 609:Unlike Archduchess Sophie, who despised the 8219:People from the Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia 5438:(in German). Trescher Verlag. p. 157. 5431: 5077:"Dominique Devenport on Her Role in "Sisi"" 4325: 4323: 4321: 4319: 4317: 4315: 2954:, which he did not submit for publication. 2191:directed the 1948 film version of his play 1187:to her Hungarian studies. Her Greek tutor, 696:, a lung specialist, who advised a stay on 605:Portrait of Empress Elisabeth, 1857 aged 19 310:Duchess Elisabeth Amalie Eugenie in Bavaria 121:Duchess Elisabeth Amalie Eugenie in Bavaria 8264:Recipients of the Order of Saint Catherine 7535: 7521: 6897: 6883: 6340: 6326: 6166: 6152: 6007:Sissi: myth and history – by Matteo Tuveri 5558:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 5063:"RTL, Beta to Reboot Royal Classic 'Sisi'" 4416: 4330:De Burgh, Edward Morgan Alborough (1899). 4313: 4311: 4309: 4307: 4305: 4303: 4301: 4299: 4297: 4295: 4171: 3149:Venerable Order of Saint John of Jerusalem 2654:In October 2015 an Italian cartoon series 2301:played Empress Elisabeth in the 1968 film 1781:Near the location of her assassination at 1718:Monument to Empress Elisabeth in Vienna's 1259:, Empress Elisabeth travelled through the 760:would gain an equal footing with Austria. 650:Empress Elisabeth and Emperor Franz Joseph 40: 8244:Dames Grand Cross of the Order of St John 5675:, Éditions du Rocher, Paris/Monaco 2001 ( 5153: 4972: 4289:, Kessinger Publishing, LLC, 2007, p. 425 4263:, Kessinger Publishing, LLC, 2007, p. 107 3962: 3930: 3598:Charles Louis, Hereditary Prince of Baden 3211:Ancestors of Empress Elisabeth of Austria 3065:Your Imperial and Royal Apostolic Majesty 2393:sketches featured in his television show 2207:is another adaptation of Cocteau's play. 1733:Upon her death, Franz Joseph founded the 588: 8040: 7946: 7902: 7873: 7846: 7777: 7743: 6173: 5686: 5281: 5021: 4387: 4329: 4274:The Lonely Empress: Elisabeth of Austria 3853:The Lonely Empress: Elisabeth of Austria 3056:Her Imperial and Royal Apostolic Majesty 2934:Life of the Empress Elizabeth of Austria 1918: 1800:Queen Elisabeth of Hungary sculpture in 1795: 1750: 1724: 1713: 1639: 1470: 1462: 1451: 1439: 1242: 1226: 1224:) and an olive-oil bath in the evening. 1152: 1048: 1006: 949: 918: 840: 805: 750: 742: 645: 600: 560:Sophie Friederike Dorothea Maria Josepha 534: 417: 62:Queen of Croatia, Slavonia and Dalmatia 8259:People assassinated in the 19th century 6234:Maria Sophie, Queen of the Two Sicilies 5582:(in Japanese). 明治聖徳記念学会紀要. p. 157. 5228: 5128: 5045:"Mondo TV shows gain exposure in LatAm" 4369:, G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1913, pp. 65, 78. 4292: 3727:Sophie Friederike Dorothea Maria Josefa 2991:, opened in 1855, was named after her. 2624:, a two-part mini-series, premiered on 2607:. Her son and his lover were played by 1552:Lucheni originally planned to kill the 732: 422:The house where she was born in Munich. 354:, died in infancy. The birth of a son, 8106: 6194:Maria Elisabeth, Princess of Neûchatel 6097:Queen consort of Galicia and Lodomeria 5915:, 6 gennaio 2009, p. 40, Cagliari 5253: 5203: 5178: 5042: 4973:Safronova, Valeriya (7 October 2022). 4681:The Battle against Anarchist Terrorism 4653: 4574: 4540: 4447:, Rosvall Royal Books, 2009, pp. 44–45 4219: 4193:Landi, Karoline Franziska M. Zanardi, 4123: 4088:, D. Appleton & Co., 1909, p. 141. 4048: 3850: 3577: 3457: 3453: 3443: 3335: 3225: 3221: 2483:, who played the Empress, was awarded 2374:In 2007, German comedian and director 2363:. The heroine Christine (portrayed by 2291:a 1972 film about Elisabeth's cousin, 2244:Sissi – Schicksalsjahre Einer Kaiserin 2004:Mayerling incident § In the media 1448:, Switzerland, a week before her death 792:patron saint and first king of Hungary 7516: 6904: 6878: 6321: 6147: 5593:Montgomery-Massingberd, Hugh (1977). 5399: 5336: 4862: 4625: 4008: 3865: 3653: 3643: 3639: 3627: 3621: 3611: 3595: 3585: 3581: 3565: 3559: 3549: 3533: 3523: 3519: 3507: 3501: 3491: 3475: 3465: 3461: 3437: 3427: 3411: 3401: 3397: 3385: 3379: 3369: 3353: 3343: 3339: 3323: 3317: 3307: 3291: 3281: 3277: 3265: 3259: 3249: 3233: 3229: 2328: 1702:, the first international conference 908: 884: To build a lasting nest. 786:, 32 kilometres (20 mi) east of 530: 505:Theresa, the Queen Dowager of Bavaria 411: 198: 21:Elisabeth of Bavaria (disambiguation) 6012:Elisabeth as a Young Mother and Wife 5830:Sissi, Elisabeth, Empress of Austria 5572: 5065:. Hollywood Reporter. 24 March 2021. 4846:, Sydney Morning Herald, 3 June 2007 4837: 4672: 4606: 3895: 3879: 3877: 2676:, after already having ported it to 2558:The Mirror Crack'd from Side to Side 2492:The 2023 Austrian-German-Swiss film 2442:as Empress Elisabeth accompanied by 1878:are named after her, such as two of 1390:). Elisabeth encouraged her husband 1231:Empress Elisabeth on horseback, 1856 1011:Equestrian portrait of Elisabeth at 880: I'll circle without rest 878:O'er thee, like thine own sea birds 16:Empress of Austria from 1854 to 1898 5043:Foster, Elizabeth (10 April 2017). 5022:Milligan, Mercedes (19 June 2018). 4197:, Houghton Mifflin Co., 1914, p. 29 4114:, G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1913, p. 137. 3020: 2823:Elisabeth and her purported lover, 2382:based on Elisabeth under the title 2249:Sissi – Fateful Years of an Empress 1394:'s close relationship with actress 1353:Greek National Tourism Organization 1002: 982:, during an accidental fire at the 978:, in 1892; and her younger sister, 765:Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 375:murder–suicide at his hunting lodge 13: 8053:Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily 7448:Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily 6645:Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily 5518:The Museum of the Order of St John 5104:Chrostomanos, Kōstantinos (2007). 4644:, Random House Digital, Inc., 2011 4250:, G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1913, p. 78. 3986:, Vista Court Books, 1995, p. 171 3798:Archduke Franz Salvator of Austria 3656:Princess Amalie of Hesse-Darmstadt 3382:Princess Amélie Louise of Arenberg 2628:television, produced by a German, 1998:Portrayal of Elisabeth in the arts 14: 8275: 8184:Deaths by stabbing in Switzerland 8164:Austrian people of German descent 6129:Queen consort of Lombardy-Venetia 5964: 5543:Königlich Preussische Ordensliste 4859:, "Wired" Magazine, 22 March 2010 4388:Matthews, Mimi (5 October 2015). 4210:, Vista Court Books, 1995, p. 173 4072:, Vista Court Books, 1995, p. 172 3874: 3796:Married, 1890 her second cousin, 3753:Married, 1873 her second cousin, 3320:Duke Maximilian Joseph in Bavaria 3015:Church of Sts. Olha and Elizabeth 2864:. She dances with the anti-hero, 2314:A 1991 French-German film called 2169:, a film version of the operetta 2134:Kaiserin Elisabeth von Österreich 2017:premiered in Vienna. Composed by 1959:from 1903 at the Bardejov spa in 1502:, left the hotel on the shore of 641: 527:equal to US$ 240,000 as of 2015. 442:Duke Maximilian Joseph in Bavaria 276:Duke Maximilian Joseph in Bavaria 98:Queen consort of Lombardy-Venetia 78:24 April 1854 – 10 September 1898 7727: 6270:Elisabeth, Queen of the Belgians 5204:Bahney, Jennifer Bowers (2015). 4882:Bowers Bahney, Jennifer (2015). 4411:The Empress Elizabeth of Austria 4037:The Empress Elisabeth of Austria 3922:Bowers Bahney, Jennifer (2015). 3175: 3158: 3136: 3115: 3094: 3073: 3041: 2809:, in February 2015. Its sequel, 2438:directed a short film featuring 2311:starred as Crown Prince Rudolf. 1435: 939:, in what was suspected to be a 507:was in mourning for her brother 479:" for her authoritarian manner. 295: 8169:Austrian expatriates in Hungary 8154:Austrian people murdered abroad 5880:(Shoemaker & Hoard: 2004) ( 5615: 5586: 5566: 5531: 5506: 5478: 5466:(in Spanish). 1887. p. 166 5452: 5425: 5373: 5355: 5330: 5315: 5300: 5275: 5247: 5222: 5197: 5181:The Accidental Empress: A Novel 5172: 5147: 5122: 5097: 5083: 5069: 5055: 5036: 5015: 4985: 4966: 4952: 4935: 4921: 4908: 4890: 4849: 4834:, KDP Publishing, 2022, p. 150. 4824: 4799: 4781:kaiserin-elisabeth-museum-ev.de 4769: 4743: 4717: 4705: 4634: 4619: 4593: 4518: 4493: 4490:, Issue 64, Vol. 11.4, Aug 2008 4480: 4450: 4437: 4428: 4403: 4381: 4372: 4359: 4279: 4266: 4253: 4240: 4213: 4200: 4187: 4124:Tihany, Leslie C. (June 1969). 4117: 4104: 4091: 4052:Between the Woods and the Water 4042: 4029: 4002: 3989: 2978: 2813:, was published in March 2016. 2740:is a biography of Elisabeth by 2719:In the 2022 Netflix miniseries 2540:played the young Elisabeth and 2218:and made her famous worldwide: 1573:was a crown that I had in view. 1541:. According to Sztáray, as the 1038:Corsets of the time were split- 854:, whose letters she collected. 228:Rudolf, Crown Prince of Austria 194: 108:24 April 1854 – 12 October 1866 8234:People murdered in Switzerland 8058:Maria Ludovika of Austria-Este 8009:Wilhelmine Amalie of Brunswick 7458:Maria Ludovika of Austria-Este 7418:Wilhelmine Amalie of Brunswick 6650:Maria Ludovika of Austria-Este 6625:Wilhelmine Amalie of Brunswick 5739:(Thornton Butterworth: 1936) ( 4731:(in French). 30 September 2016 4488:European Royal History Journal 4458:"Welcome to Achilleion Palace" 4049:Fermor, Patrick Leigh (1986). 3976: 3889: 3859: 3844: 3813: 3504:Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria 3124:: Grand Cross of the Imperial 3083:: Grand Cross of the Imperial 2847:She appears in a cameo in the 2150:directed the 1931 German film 2108:Sissi, l'impératice anarchiste 2106:appeared in a piece entitled, 1950:Prince Otto of Windisch-Graetz 1770:in 1902. This town is between 923:The imperial hunting lodge at 1: 8179:Burials at the Imperial Crypt 8004:Eleonore Magdalene of Neuburg 7564: 7408:Eleonore Magdalene of Neuburg 6864:Eleonore Magdalene of Neuburg 6620:Eleonore Magdalene of Neuburg 6229:Elisabeth, Empress of Austria 6036:Empress Elisabeth of Austria 5737:Elizabeth, Empress of Austria 5093:. cineuropa. 15 October 2021. 4287:Elizabeth, Empress of Austria 4276:, Phoenix Press, 2000, p. 334 4261:Elizabeth, Empress of Austria 3806: 3786:Marie Valerie Mathilde Amalie 3775:Princess Stéphanie of Belgium 2732: 2704:; Elisabeth was portrayed by 2657:Sissi, La Giovane Imperatrice 2525: 1748:, dedicated on 4 June 1907. 1530:when the 25-year-old Italian 1519:. Since the Empress despised 1355:) and converted to a museum. 1082:-like attire. She never wore 882:For me earth holds no corner 815: 796:Marie Valerie Mathilde Amalie 771:was made the first Hungarian 385:built on the Greek island of 8144:Assassinated Austrian people 8134:19th-century Austrian people 8114:Empress Elisabeth of Austria 8094:also titled Queen of Bohemia 7999:Claudia Felicitas of Austria 7398:Claudia Felicitas of Austria 6859:Claudia Felicitas of Austria 6615:Claudia Felicitas of Austria 6017:The Empress was Assassinated 5693:"Elizabeth of Austria" 5643:(McFarland & Co., 2015 ( 4689:10.1017/cbo9781139524124.008 4039:, Constable Publishing, 1930 3562:Princess Ludovika of Bavaria 3197: 2683:In 2021 a German miniseries 2591:Sissi, l'impératrice rebelle 2489:the Best Performance Prize. 2058:in Vienna. With libretto by 1994:, and in many other places. 1635: 1526:They were walking along the 1487:. However, someone from the 1263:. Her favourite places were 1204:(compounded from white wax, 456:in Munich during winter and 446:Princess Ludovika of Bavaria 286:Princess Ludovika of Bavaria 7: 8249:1898 murders in Switzerland 8063:Caroline Augusta of Bavaria 7984:Maria Leopoldine of Austria 7954:Anne of Bohemia and Hungary 7756:Elizabeth Richeza of Poland 7710:Elizabeth Richeza of Poland 7659:Elisabeth of Greater Poland 7468:Caroline Augusta of Bavaria 7368:Maria Leopoldine of Austria 6819:Anne of Bohemia and Hungary 6784:Elisabeth of the Palatinate 6737:Anne of Bohemia and Hungary 6722:Mechthild of the Palatinate 6684:Styria, Carinthia, Carniola 6655:Caroline Augusta of Bavaria 6585:Maria Leopoldine of Austria 6560:Anne of Bohemia and Hungary 6485:Elizabeth Richeza of Poland 5654:Juan José Ezquerro Puerta: 5231:The Fortune Hunter: A Novel 5079:. Variety. 13 October 2021. 4914:"Orchestrator on His Own", 3412:11. Anne-Adélaïde Julie de 3262:Duke Pius August in Bavaria 3187:Order of the Precious Crown 2952:The Memorable Assassination 2547:The 1992 BBC adaptation of 2013:In 1932 the comic operetta 1097:; the Knights' Hall of the 801: 593:In 1857, Elisabeth visited 330:Emperor Franz Joseph I 223:Gisela, Princess of Bavaria 10: 8280: 8254:Royalty of Austria-Hungary 8204:House of Habsburg-Lorraine 7567:870–1198 (Duchesses) 6410:Gertrude of Süpplingenburg 6390:Ida of Formbach-Ratelnberg 6089:Empress consort of Austria 5893:Simone de Beauvoir Studies 5432:Klijanienko, Ania (2008). 5282:Cartland, Barbara (1971). 4929:"Elisabeth von Österreich" 4413:, Constable, 1930, p. 114. 4338:J. B. Lippincott & Co. 3624:Princess Caroline of Baden 3571: 3455: 3329: 3223: 3147:: Dame Grand Cross of the 3106:Order of Queen Maria Luisa 2419:, where she was played by 2385:Lissi und der wilde Kaiser 2232:Sissi – Die Junge Kaiserin 2001: 1904:Empress Elisabeth and the 1238: 1090:that became her hallmark. 912: 736: 448:, the half-sister of King 53:Empress consort of Austria 18: 8214:Queens consort of Hungary 8174:Queens consort of Bohemia 8090: 8031: 7994:Margaret Theresa of Spain 7937: 7893: 7866: 7837: 7768: 7736: 7725: 7690:Kunigunde of Hohenstaufen 7672: 7563: 7554: 7388:Margaret Theresa of Spain 6912: 6854:Margaret Theresa of Spain 6755: 6678: 6610:Margaret Theresa of Spain 6456: 6438: 6365:Richardis of Sualafeldgau 6355: 6349:Royal consorts of Austria 6299: 6283: 6252: 6216: 6200: 6188: 6181: 6126: 6111: 6086: 6073: 6061: 6034: 5832:(Taschen America: 1997) ( 5797:Royalty Digest Quarterly, 5658:, (Navarra, España, 2023) 5337:Heyer, Georgette (2006). 5154:Appleyard, Susan (2016). 4658:. ABC-CLIO. p. 134. 4630:. McFarland. p. 153. 4614:Dictionary of Last Words 4579:. ABC-CLIO. p. 134. 4220:Hamann, Brigitte (2012). 4142:10.1017/S0008938900000169 3999:, Vista Court Books, 1995 3777:; had issue; died in the 3755:Prince Leopold of Bavaria 3720: 3717: 3714: 3711: 3641: 3633: 3605: 3583: 3579: 3543: 3521: 3513: 3485: 3463: 3459: 3421: 3399: 3391: 3363: 3341: 3337: 3301: 3279: 3271: 3243: 3227: 3061: 3049: 3040: 3027: 2852:The Road to Charing Cross 2477:Un Certain Regard section 2473:2022 Cannes Film Festival 2389:It is based on his Sissi 2334:) starred French actress 2237:Sissi – The Young Empress 2102:In 1993 French ballerina 2093:portrayed Elisabeth in a 2078: 1906:Empress Elisabeth Railway 1709: 1255:On her imperial steamer, 1148: 947:, where they were found. 291: 281: 271: 259: 250: 245: 241: 233:Archduchess Marie Valerie 208: 183:Franz Joseph I of Austria 176: 162: 142: 117: 113: 103: 96: 83: 73: 51: 46:Empress Elisabeth in 1867 39: 34: 8159:Austrian Roman Catholics 7673:1198–1306 (Queens) 6635:Maria Josepha of Bavaria 6535:Joanna Sophia of Bavaria 6260:Amalie, Duchess of Urach 6101:Queen consort of Hungary 6093:Queen consort of Bohemia 5971:Empress Elisabeth – Sisi 5960:, (Michael Joseph, 1975) 5854:(Youwriteon.com: 2008) ( 5784:(KDP Publishing: 2022) ( 5639:Jennifer Bowers Bahney: 5179:Pataki, Allison (2015). 5129:Haderer, Stefan (2022). 4195:The Secret of an Empress 4130:Central European History 3085:Order of Saint Catherine 3013:(now the Greek Catholic 3005:The Elizabeth Church in 2985:Empress Elisabeth Bridge 2957: 2912:Alexander Lernet-Holenia 2811:Sisi, Empress on Her Own 2456:portrait by Winterhalter 2317:Sissi la valse des cœurs 2214:which starred a teenage 2194:The Eagle with Two Heads 2177:. It starred opera diva 2008: 1942:Franz Xaver Winterhalter 1925:Franz Xaver Winterhalter 1384:Clementine Ogilvy Hozier 1247:Elisabeth's desk at the 1208:, sweet almond oil, and 1191:, described the ritual: 1189:Constantine Christomanos 251:Elisabeth Amalie Eugenie 57:Queen consort of Hungary 7854:Elizabeth of Luxembourg 7664:Hellicha of Wittelsbach 7238:Elizabeth of Luxembourg 6968:Adelaide of Rheinfelden 6540:Elizabeth of Luxembourg 6385:Swanhilde of Ungarnmark 5901:Sissi: Myth and history 5840:) (short, illustrated). 5707:Constantin Christomanos 5699:Encyclopædia Britannica 5229:Goodwin, Daisy (2014). 4943:Sissi und der Kaiserkuß 4528:, NeoPubli Vienna, 2021 3763:Rudolf Franz Karl Josef 3236:Duke Wilhelm in Bavaria 2862:George MacDonald Fraser 2748:Constantin Christomanos 2332:Sisi und der Kaiserkuss 2204:The Mystery of Oberwald 2127: 1861:Royal Palace of Gödöllő 1695:, Rudolf's only child. 905:would please me most". 656:Rudolf Franz Karl Josef 8199:German Roman Catholics 8129:1898 murders in Europe 7910:Barbara of Brandenburg 7810:Elizabeth of Pomerania 7268:Barbara of Brandenburg 7248:Catherine of Poděbrady 7178:Beatrice of Luxembourg 6475:Elisabeth of Carinthia 6370:Glismod of West-Saxony 5464:Guía Oficial de España 5183:. Simon and Schuster. 5108:(in German). Czernin. 3185:: Grand Cordon of the 3126:Order of Saint Charles 2857:Flashman and the Tiger 2825:George "Bay" Middleton 2807:The Accidental Empress 2714:Sisi: Austrian Empress 2668:began broadcasting on 2403:Bullyparade – Der Film 2276: 2199:Michelangelo Antonioni 2027:Robert Russell Bennett 1928: 1814:Empress Elisabeth Park 1805: 1759: 1730: 1722: 1649: 1575: 1547:propaganda of the deed 1476: 1468: 1460: 1449: 1372:George "Bay" Middleton 1252: 1232: 1201: 1158: 1054: 1016: 963: 928: 887: 846: 822: 756: 748: 678: 651: 606: 589:First visit to Hungary 544: 423: 8194:Female murder victims 8078:Zita of Bourbon-Parma 7644:Gertrude of Babenberg 7614:Świętosława of Poland 7599:Judith of Schweinfurt 7498:Zita of Bourbon-Parma 6747:Maria Anna of Bavaria 6742:Maria Anna of Bavaria 6707:Margaret of Pomerania 6702:Catherine of Burgundy 6670:Zita of Bourbon-Parma 6530:Beatrice of Nuremberg 6470:Gertrude of Hohenberg 6380:Adelaide of Eilenburg 6120:Zita of Bourbon-Parma 5981:Sisi Museum of Vienna 5847:(Bobbs-Merrill, 1937) 5665:, (John Murray, 1973) 4931:. IMDb. 21 July 1931. 4886:. McFarland & Co. 4870:Sydney Morning Herald 4751:"Imperial Apartments" 4626:Owens, Karen (2013). 4603:, Penguin Books, 1980 4226:. Faber & Faber. 4101:, Penguin Press, 1980 4015:. The History Press. 3959:, Vol. 46, April 1996 3926:. McFarland & Co. 3885:The Reluctant Empress 3851:Haslip, Joan (2000). 2378:released an animated 2369:Winterhalter portrait 2002:Further information: 1946:Archduchess Elisabeth 1922: 1799: 1754: 1742:Volksgarten of Vienna 1728: 1717: 1693:Archduchess Elisabeth 1643: 1570: 1506:on foot to catch the 1474: 1466: 1455: 1443: 1246: 1230: 1193: 1156: 1135:English country house 1052: 1010: 974:in 1890; her mother, 953: 922: 875: 844: 809: 754: 746: 737:Further information: 671: 649: 604: 538: 421: 328:from her marriage to 8229:Nobility from Munich 8209:House of Wittelsbach 8189:Duchesses in Bavaria 8149:Empresses of Austria 8139:Assassinated royalty 8073:Elisabeth of Bavaria 8048:Maria Luisa of Spain 7920:Anne of Foix-Candale 7805:Anna von Schweidnitz 7785:Elizabeth of Bohemia 7685:Constance of Hungary 7654:Elizabeth of Hungary 7488:Elisabeth of Bavaria 7438:Maria Luisa of Spain 7288:Anne of Foix-Candale 7088:Yolanda of Courtenay 7018:Yaroslavna of Halych 6824:Anna Juliana Gonzaga 6814:Isabella of Portugal 6769:Catherine of Bohemia 6732:Isabella of Portugal 6712:Cymburgis of Masovia 6665:Elisabeth of Bavaria 6640:Maria Luisa of Spain 6555:Isabella of Portugal 6525:Elisabeth of Bohemia 6515:Catherine of Bohemia 6505:Elizabeth of Bavaria 6175:Duchesses in Bavaria 6041:House of Wittelsbach 5986:2 March 2021 at the 5369:on 14 November 2013. 4612:Le Comte, Edward S. 4009:Kiste, John (2005). 3896:Cone, Polly (1980). 3757:; had four children 3440:Elisabeth in Bavaria 3354:10. Prince Louis of 2929:(Dial Press, 1954). 2500:Frauke Finsterwalder 2434:, creative director 2411:Ludwig II of Bavaria 2360:Phantom of the Opera 2293:Ludwig II of Bavaria 2268:The Sissi Collection 2153:Elisabeth of Austria 2039:L'Aigle à deux têtes 1762:On the promenade in 895:Ludwig II of Bavaria 733:Hungarian coronation 615:Patrick Leigh Fermor 493:Archduke Karl Ludwig 396:While travelling in 340:House of Wittelsbach 25:Elisabeth of Austria 8068:Maria Anna of Savoy 7979:Maria Anna of Spain 7790:Beatrice of Bourbon 7700:Kunigunda of Halych 7695:Margaret of Austria 7680:Adelaide of Meissen 7649:Judith of Thuringia 7639:Adelaide of Hungary 7629:Helbirga of Austria 7619:Wirpirk of Tengling 7609:Adelaide of Hungary 7478:Maria Anna of Savoy 7358:Maria Anna of Spain 7218:Margaret of Durazzo 7208:Elizabeth of Bosnia 7198:Margaret of Bohemia 7188:Elisabeth of Poland 7128:Elizabeth of Sicily 7118:Elizabeth the Cuman 7078:Gertrude of Merania 7068:Constance of Aragon 6809:Bianca Maria Sforza 6799:Catherine of Saxony 6794:Eleanor of Scotland 6779:Joanna II of Naples 6727:Bianca Maria Sforza 6717:Eleanor of Portugal 6697:Joanna II of Naples 6660:Maria Anna of Savoy 6580:Maria Anna of Spain 6550:Bianca Maria Sforza 6545:Eleanor of Portugal 6448:Kunigunda of Halych 6400:Agnes of Waiblingen 6082:Maria Anna of Savoy 5909:Sissi becomes Lissy 5852:The Elusive Empress 5381:"Washington Irving" 5261:. Faber and Faber. 5158:. Susan Appleyard. 4918:, 12 December 1932. 4599:Norton, Frederick, 4285:Corti, Count Egon, 4259:Corti, Count Egon, 4180:Norton, Frederick, 4097:Norton, Frederick, 4084:de Weindel, Henri, 3868:The Elusive Empress 3866:Nibbs, Ann (2008). 2927:William S. Abrahams 2871:In 1988, historian 2706:Dominique Devenport 2641:Cristiana Capotondi 2432:Leopoldskron Palace 2175:Josef von Sternberg 2083:In his 1978 ballet 2056:Theater an der Wien 1804:, Budapest, Hungary 1755:Memorial statue in 984:Bazar de la Charité 863:William Shakespeare 568:Gisela Louise Marie 501:Leopoldskron Palace 450:Ludwig I of Bavaria 356:Crown Prince Rudolf 7915:Beatrice of Naples 7881:Joanna of Rožmitál 7705:Judith of Habsburg 7574:Ludmila of Bohemia 7308:Isabella Jagiellon 7278:Beatrice of Naples 7258:Beatrice of Naples 7138:Fenenna of Kuyavia 7058:Margaret of France 7028:Agnes of Babenberg 7008:Euphrosyne of Kiev 6849:Hedwig of Sulzbach 6839:Claudia de' Medici 6605:Hedwig of Sulzbach 6595:Claudia de' Medici 6495:Catherine of Savoy 6490:Isabella of Aragon 6357:House of Babenberg 6137:Kingdom abolished 6116:Title next held by 6078:Title last held by 5769:(NeoPubli: 2021) ( 5661:Lavender Cassels: 5493:Diario del Imperio 5387:. 24 December 2012 5029:Animation Magazine 4979:The New York Times 4787:on 3 December 2013 4640:Tuchman, Barbara, 4601:A Nervous Splendor 4526:Im Schatten Homers 4462:achillion-corfu.gr 4182:A Nervous Splendor 4099:A Nervous Splendor 3883:Hamann, Brigitte, 3832:on 15 January 2020 3779:Mayerling incident 3743:Gisela Luise Marie 3737:Died in childhood 3165:Kingdom of Prussia 2896:horseback riding. 2829:The Fortune Hunter 2618:In December 2009, 2601:Mayerling incident 2166:The King Steps Out 1929: 1865:Possenhofen Castle 1831:apartment and the 1806: 1776:Château de Chillon 1760: 1737:in memory of her. 1735:Order of Elizabeth 1731: 1723: 1650: 1477: 1469: 1461: 1450: 1253: 1233: 1167:Franziska Feifalik 1159: 1055: 1017: 1013:Possenhofen Castle 964: 929: 915:Mayerling incident 909:Mayerling incident 847: 823: 757: 749: 652: 607: 545: 531:Empress of Austria 465:Archduchess Sophie 458:Possenhofen Castle 424: 412:Duchess in Bavaria 348:Archduchess Sophie 322:Empress of Austria 218:Archduchess Sophie 137:Kingdom of Bavaria 8101: 8100: 8086: 8085: 8033:Habsburg-Lorraine 8027: 8026: 7933: 7932: 7889: 7888: 7862: 7861: 7833: 7832: 7820:Sophia of Bavaria 7815:Joanna of Bavaria 7795:Blanche of Valois 7764: 7763: 7723: 7722: 7510: 7509: 7148:Agnes of Habsburg 6978:Felicia of Sicily 6938:Richeza of Poland 6928:Anastasia of Kiev 6918:Gisela of Bavaria 6906:Queens of Hungary 6872: 6871: 6789:Anna of Brunswick 6762: 6757:House of Habsburg 6685: 6680:House of Habsburg 6480:Blanche of France 6463: 6458:House of Habsburg 6425:Theodora Angelina 6420:Helena of Hungary 6315: 6314: 6142: 6141: 6056:10 September 1898 5998:Empress Elisabeth 5843:Bertita Harding: 5828:Brigitte Hamann: 5750:Barry Denenburg: 5445:978-3-89794-130-4 5286:. Pyramid Books. 5284:Stars in My Heart 5003:on 18 August 2022 4855:Bearman, Joshuah 4830:Haderer, Stefan, 4698:978-1-139-52412-4 4524:Haderer, Stefan, 4443:Haderer, Stefan, 4409:Tschuppik, Karl, 4035:Tschuppik, Karl, 4022:978-0-7524-9547-7 3804: 3803: 3701: 3700: 3697: 3696: 3069: 3068: 2940:'s 1941 mystery, 2901:Stars in my Heart 2854:in the 1999 book 2764:persona non grata 2643:as Elisabeth and 2597:Sandra Ceccarelli 2444:Pharrell Williams 2421:Hannah Herzsprung 2348:Sonja Kirchberger 2161:Columbia Pictures 2091:Kenneth MacMillan 2054:premièred at the 1874:Several sites in 1833:Schönbrunn Palace 1768:Antonio Chiattone 1704:against terrorism 1611:cardiac tamponade 1489:Hôtel Beau-Rivage 1396:Katharina Schratt 1388:Winston Churchill 1165:Her hairdresser, 968:Maximilian Joseph 780:country residence 739:Apostolic Majesty 454:Herzog-Max-Palais 430:Herzog-Max-Palais 303: 302: 255: 254: 166:17 September 1898 146:10 September 1898 35:Empress Elisabeth 8271: 8224:Murdered royalty 8038: 8037: 7989:Eleonora Gonzaga 7974:Eleonora Gonzaga 7969:Elizabeth Stuart 7959:Maria of Austria 7944: 7943: 7900: 7899: 7871: 7870: 7844: 7843: 7825:Barbara of Cilli 7775: 7774: 7741: 7740: 7731: 7715:Viola of Teschen 7624:Lukarta of Bogen 7566: 7561: 7560: 7537: 7530: 7523: 7514: 7513: 7503: 7493: 7483: 7473: 7463: 7453: 7443: 7433: 7423: 7413: 7403: 7393: 7383: 7378:Eleonora Gonzaga 7373: 7363: 7353: 7348:Eleonora Gonzaga 7343: 7333: 7328:Maria of Austria 7323: 7313: 7303: 7298:Maria of Austria 7293: 7283: 7273: 7263: 7253: 7243: 7233: 7228:Barbara of Cilli 7223: 7213: 7203: 7193: 7183: 7173: 7163: 7158:Viola of Teschen 7153: 7143: 7133: 7123: 7113: 7103: 7093: 7083: 7073: 7063: 7053: 7048:Agnes of Antioch 7043: 7033: 7023: 7013: 7003: 6998:Helena of Serbia 6993: 6988:Euphemia of Kiev 6983: 6973: 6963: 6953: 6948:Judith of Swabia 6943: 6933: 6923: 6899: 6892: 6885: 6876: 6875: 6834:Eleonora Gonzaga 6804:Anne of Brittany 6774:Viridis Visconti 6760: 6692:Viridis Visconti 6683: 6590:Eleonora Gonzaga 6575:Eleonora Gonzaga 6565:Maria of Austria 6520:Viridis Visconti 6461: 6430:Agnes of Merania 6415:Theodora Komnene 6405:Maria of Bohemia 6342: 6335: 6328: 6319: 6318: 6168: 6161: 6154: 6145: 6144: 6057: 6050: 6049:24 December 1837 6032: 6031: 5780:Stefan Haderer: 5765:Stefan Haderer: 5715: 5703: 5695: 5609: 5608: 5590: 5584: 5583: 5581: 5570: 5564: 5563: 5557: 5549: 5535: 5529: 5528: 5526: 5524: 5510: 5504: 5503: 5502: 5500: 5490: 5482: 5476: 5475: 5473: 5471: 5456: 5450: 5449: 5429: 5423: 5422: 5420: 5418: 5413:. 27 August 2008 5403: 5397: 5396: 5394: 5392: 5377: 5371: 5370: 5365:. 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Phoenix Press. 3848: 3842: 3841: 3839: 3837: 3826:History Magazine 3817: 3793:6 September 1924 3709: 3708: 3217: 3216: 3208: 3207: 3191:8 September 1898 3181: 3179: 3178: 3163: 3162: 3161: 3146: 3142: 3140: 3139: 3120: 3119: 3118: 3100: 3098: 3097: 3079: 3077: 3076: 3045: 3035: 3030: 3025: 3024: 3021:Honours and arms 2996:Elisabeth Bridge 2910:She features in 2905:Barbara Cartland 2796:In a Gilded Cage 2756: 2696: 2667: 2613:Vittoria Puccini 2605:The Crown Prince 2587:Arielle Dombasle 2512:Tom Rhys Harries 2330: 2325: 2282:Luchino Visconti 2279: 1975:in Slovakia and 1933:Gerald Blanchard 1892:Elisabeth Bridge 1869:Technical Museum 1418:Marinos Marinaky 1277:Ligurian Riviera 1175: 1143:anorexia nervosa 1003:Physical regimen 980:Sophie Charlotte 960:Philip de László 871:Habsburg dynasty 820: 817: 692:) was feared by 624:Marie Antoinette 541:Amanda Bergstedt 521:Augustinerkirche 326:Queen of Hungary 299: 243: 242: 202: 200: 196: 149: 130:24 December 1837 129: 127: 109: 79: 44: 32: 31: 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6091: 6079: 6051: 6045: 6044: 6037: 5988:Wayback Machine 5967: 5937:Matteo Tuveri: 5918:Matteo Tuveri: 5907:Matteo Tuveri: 5898:Matteo Tuveri: 5876:Matt Pavelich: 5817:(Knopf: 1986) ( 5811:Brigitte Hamann 5722:Tagebuchblätter 5709: 5669:Philippe Collas 5628:, Paris, 1993 ( 5618: 5613: 5612: 5605: 5591: 5587: 5579: 5571: 5567: 5551: 5550: 5537: 5536: 5532: 5522: 5520: 5512: 5511: 5507: 5498: 5496: 5488: 5484: 5483: 5479: 5469: 5467: 5458: 5457: 5453: 5446: 5430: 5426: 5416: 5414: 5407:"Řetězový most" 5405: 5404: 5400: 5390: 5388: 5379: 5378: 5374: 5361: 5360: 5356: 5349: 5335: 5331: 5320: 5316: 5305: 5301: 5294: 5280: 5276: 5269: 5252: 5248: 5241: 5227: 5223: 5216: 5202: 5198: 5191: 5177: 5173: 5166: 5152: 5148: 5141: 5127: 5123: 5116: 5102: 5098: 5089: 5088: 5084: 5075: 5074: 5070: 5061: 5060: 5056: 5041: 5037: 5020: 5016: 5006: 5004: 4991: 4990: 4986: 4971: 4967: 4958: 4957: 4953: 4940: 4936: 4927: 4926: 4922: 4913: 4909: 4904:. 30 July 2016. 4896: 4895: 4891: 4880: 4876: 4867: 4863: 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3818: 3814: 3809: 3773:Married, 1881, 3770:30 January 1889 3702: 3200: 3183:Empire of Japan 3176: 3174: 3169:Order of Louise 3159: 3157: 3137: 3135: 3116: 3114: 3095: 3093: 3074: 3072: 3051:Reference style 3033: 3031: 3028: 3023: 2981: 2960: 2938:Georgette Heyer 2873:Brigitte Hamann 2759:Tagebuchblätter 2750: 2742:Bertita Harding 2735: 2690: 2661: 2549:Agatha Christie 2528: 2440:Cara Delevingne 2319: 2255:Forever My Love 2212:Ernst Marischka 2130: 2081: 2064:Sylvester Levay 2011: 2006: 2000: 1910:Western Railway 1897:In the village 1857:Island of Corfu 1835:in Vienna, the 1810:Saint Elisabeth 1802:Matthias Church 1746:Hans Bitterlich 1712: 1638: 1630:Capuchin Church 1554:Duke of Orléans 1500:lady-in-waiting 1438: 1241: 1169: 1151: 1075:cage-crinolined 1059:lady-in-waiting 1015:, age 15 (1853) 1005: 917: 911: 886: 883: 881: 879: 867:classical Greek 818: 804: 741: 735: 675: 644: 591: 533: 426: 425: 414: 364:Austria-Hungary 237: 204: 192: 188: 185: 172: 167: 151: 147: 131: 125: 123: 122: 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5956:John Welcome: 5954: 5951:978-8854811485 5945:, Rome, 2007 ( 5935: 5926:, Rome, 2006 ( 5916: 5913:L'Unione Sarda 5905: 5896: 5889: 5874: 5871:978-1501313448 5863: 5860:978-1849231305 5848: 5841: 5826: 5808: 5793: 5790:979-8844219504 5778: 5775:978-3754157008 5763: 5748: 5733: 5704: 5690:, ed. (1911). 5688:Chisholm, Hugh 5684: 5681:978-2268038841 5666: 5659: 5652: 5637: 5617: 5614: 5611: 5610: 5604:978-0850110234 5603: 5585: 5565: 5539:"Luisen-orden" 5530: 5505: 5477: 5451: 5444: 5424: 5398: 5372: 5354: 5347: 5329: 5314: 5299: 5292: 5274: 5268:978-0571271306 5267: 5246: 5239: 5221: 5214: 5196: 5189: 5171: 5164: 5146: 5139: 5121: 5115:978-3707601787 5114: 5096: 5082: 5068: 5054: 5035: 5014: 4993:"Sisi & I" 4984: 4965: 4962:. 27 May 2022. 4951: 4934: 4920: 4907: 4889: 4874: 4861: 4848: 4836: 4823: 4798: 4768: 4742: 4716: 4704: 4697: 4671: 4665:978-1610692854 4664: 4646: 4633: 4618: 4605: 4592: 4586:978-1610692854 4585: 4562: 4556:978-1610692854 4555: 4530: 4517: 4492: 4479: 4449: 4436: 4427: 4415: 4402: 4380: 4371: 4358: 4291: 4278: 4272:Haslip, Joan, 4265: 4252: 4239: 4232: 4212: 4199: 4186: 4170: 4116: 4103: 4090: 4074: 4058: 4041: 4028: 4021: 4001: 3988: 3975: 3961: 3929: 3903: 3888: 3873: 3858: 3843: 3811: 3810: 3808: 3805: 3802: 3801: 3794: 3791: 3788: 3782: 3781: 3771: 3768: 3767:21 August 1858 3765: 3759: 3758: 3751: 3748: 3745: 3739: 3738: 3735: 3732: 3729: 3723: 3722: 3719: 3716: 3713: 3699: 3698: 3695: 3694: 3692: 3690: 3688: 3686: 3684: 3682: 3680: 3678: 3676: 3674: 3672: 3670: 3668: 3665: 3664: 3662: 3659: 3658: 3652: 3649: 3648: 3645: 3644: 3642: 3640: 3638: 3635: 3634: 3632: 3629: 3628: 3626: 3620: 3617: 3616: 3613: 3612: 3610: 3607: 3606: 3604: 3601: 3600: 3594: 3591: 3590: 3587: 3586: 3584: 3582: 3580: 3578: 3576: 3573: 3572: 3570: 3567: 3566: 3564: 3558: 3555: 3554: 3551: 3550: 3548: 3545: 3544: 3542: 3539: 3538: 3532: 3529: 3528: 3525: 3524: 3522: 3520: 3518: 3515: 3514: 3512: 3509: 3508: 3506: 3500: 3497: 3496: 3493: 3492: 3490: 3487: 3486: 3484: 3481: 3480: 3474: 3471: 3470: 3467: 3466: 3464: 3462: 3460: 3458: 3456: 3454: 3452: 3449: 3448: 3445: 3444: 3442: 3436: 3433: 3432: 3429: 3428: 3426: 3423: 3422: 3420: 3417: 3416: 3410: 3407: 3406: 3403: 3402: 3400: 3398: 3396: 3393: 3392: 3390: 3387: 3386: 3384: 3378: 3375: 3374: 3371: 3370: 3368: 3365: 3364: 3362: 3359: 3358: 3352: 3349: 3348: 3345: 3344: 3342: 3340: 3338: 3336: 3334: 3331: 3330: 3328: 3325: 3324: 3322: 3316: 3313: 3312: 3309: 3308: 3306: 3303: 3302: 3300: 3297: 3296: 3290: 3287: 3286: 3283: 3282: 3280: 3278: 3276: 3273: 3272: 3270: 3267: 3266: 3264: 3258: 3255: 3254: 3251: 3250: 3248: 3245: 3244: 3242: 3239: 3238: 3232: 3230: 3228: 3226: 3224: 3222: 3220: 3213: 3212: 3206: 3199: 3196: 3195: 3194: 3172: 3167:: Dame of the 3155: 3144:United Kingdom 3132: 3122:Mexican Empire 3112: 3104:: Dame of the 3091: 3081:Russian Empire 3067: 3066: 3063: 3059: 3058: 3053: 3047: 3046: 3038: 3037: 3022: 3019: 2980: 2977: 2959: 2956: 2942:Envious Casca. 2923:Imperial Waltz 2914:'s 1960 novel 2866:Harry Flashman 2803:Allison Pataki 2783:, also titled 2734: 2731: 2727:Devrim Lingnau 2580:Princess Sissi 2533:Fall of Eagles 2527: 2524: 2516:Angela Winkler 2469:Marie Kreutzer 2461:The 2022 film 2436:Karl Lagerfeld 2376:Michael Herbig 2340:Nils Tavernier 2338:as Elisabeth, 2336:Vanessa Wagner 2259: 2258: 2252: 2240: 2228: 2216:Romy Schneider 2173:, directed by 2132:The 1921 film 2129: 2126: 2112:Maurice Béjart 2104:Sylvie Guillem 2080: 2077: 2019:Fritz Kreisler 2010: 2007: 1999: 1996: 1882:'s districts, 1845:Imperial Villa 1791:Philip Jackson 1711: 1708: 1646:Imperial Crypt 1637: 1634: 1626:Imperial Crypt 1437: 1434: 1342:German Emperor 1269:French Riviera 1240: 1237: 1150: 1147: 1107:Imperial Villa 1068:Queen Victoria 1004: 1001: 989:Gyula Andrássy 956:mourning dress 941:murder–suicide 913:Main article: 910: 907: 903:lunatic asylum 876: 852:Heinrich Heine 812:Gödöllő Palace 803: 800: 773:prime minister 734: 731: 686:green-sickness 663:Gyula Andrássy 643: 642:Birth of a son 640: 590: 587: 532: 529: 491:up. Secondly, 473:Duchess Helene 469:Franz Joseph I 416: 415: 413: 410: 301: 300: 293: 289: 288: 283: 279: 278: 273: 269: 268: 263: 257: 256: 253: 252: 248: 247: 239: 238: 236: 235: 230: 225: 220: 214: 212: 206: 205: 190: 186: 181: 180: 178: 174: 173: 170:Imperial Crypt 168: 164: 160: 159: 150:(aged 60) 144: 140: 139: 119: 115: 114: 111: 110: 105: 101: 100: 94: 93: 87: 81: 80: 75: 71: 70: 63: 49: 48: 45: 37: 36: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8276: 8265: 8262: 8260: 8257: 8255: 8252: 8250: 8247: 8245: 8242: 8240: 8237: 8235: 8232: 8230: 8227: 8225: 8222: 8220: 8217: 8215: 8212: 8210: 8207: 8205: 8202: 8200: 8197: 8195: 8192: 8190: 8187: 8185: 8182: 8180: 8177: 8175: 8172: 8170: 8167: 8165: 8162: 8160: 8157: 8155: 8152: 8150: 8147: 8145: 8142: 8140: 8137: 8135: 8132: 8130: 8127: 8125: 8122: 8120: 8117: 8115: 8112: 8111: 8109: 8093: 8092: 8089: 8079: 8076: 8074: 8071: 8069: 8066: 8064: 8061: 8059: 8056: 8054: 8051: 8049: 8046: 8045: 8043: 8039: 8036: 8034: 8030: 8020: 8017: 8015: 8012: 8010: 8007: 8005: 8002: 8000: 7997: 7995: 7992: 7990: 7987: 7985: 7982: 7980: 7977: 7975: 7972: 7970: 7967: 7965: 7964:Anna of Tyrol 7962: 7960: 7957: 7955: 7952: 7951: 7949: 7945: 7942: 7940: 7936: 7926: 7923: 7921: 7918: 7916: 7913: 7911: 7908: 7907: 7905: 7901: 7898: 7896: 7892: 7882: 7879: 7878: 7876: 7872: 7869: 7865: 7855: 7852: 7851: 7849: 7845: 7842: 7840: 7836: 7826: 7823: 7821: 7818: 7816: 7813: 7811: 7808: 7806: 7803: 7801: 7798: 7796: 7793: 7791: 7788: 7786: 7783: 7782: 7780: 7776: 7773: 7771: 7767: 7757: 7754: 7752: 7749: 7748: 7746: 7742: 7739: 7735: 7730: 7716: 7713: 7711: 7708: 7706: 7703: 7701: 7698: 7696: 7693: 7691: 7688: 7686: 7683: 7681: 7678: 7677: 7675: 7671: 7665: 7662: 7660: 7657: 7655: 7652: 7650: 7647: 7645: 7642: 7640: 7637: 7635: 7632: 7630: 7627: 7625: 7622: 7620: 7617: 7615: 7612: 7610: 7607: 7605: 7604:Ida of Wettin 7602: 7600: 7597: 7595: 7592: 7590: 7587: 7585: 7582: 7580: 7577: 7575: 7572: 7571: 7569: 7562: 7559: 7557: 7553: 7549: 7545: 7538: 7533: 7531: 7526: 7524: 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6979: 6975: 6972: 6969: 6965: 6962: 6959: 6955: 6952: 6949: 6945: 6942: 6939: 6935: 6932: 6929: 6925: 6922: 6919: 6915: 6914: 6911: 6907: 6900: 6895: 6893: 6888: 6886: 6881: 6880: 6877: 6865: 6862: 6860: 6857: 6855: 6852: 6850: 6847: 6845: 6842: 6840: 6837: 6835: 6832: 6830: 6829:Anna of Tyrol 6827: 6825: 6822: 6820: 6817: 6815: 6812: 6810: 6807: 6805: 6802: 6800: 6797: 6795: 6792: 6790: 6787: 6785: 6782: 6780: 6777: 6775: 6772: 6770: 6767: 6766: 6764: 6758: 6754: 6748: 6745: 6743: 6740: 6738: 6735: 6733: 6730: 6728: 6725: 6723: 6720: 6718: 6715: 6713: 6710: 6708: 6705: 6703: 6700: 6698: 6695: 6693: 6690: 6689: 6687: 6681: 6677: 6671: 6668: 6666: 6663: 6661: 6658: 6656: 6653: 6651: 6648: 6646: 6643: 6641: 6638: 6636: 6633: 6631: 6628: 6626: 6623: 6621: 6618: 6616: 6613: 6611: 6608: 6606: 6603: 6601: 6598: 6596: 6593: 6591: 6588: 6586: 6583: 6581: 6578: 6576: 6573: 6571: 6570:Anna of Tyrol 6568: 6566: 6563: 6561: 6558: 6556: 6553: 6551: 6548: 6546: 6543: 6541: 6538: 6536: 6533: 6531: 6528: 6526: 6523: 6521: 6518: 6516: 6513: 6511: 6508: 6506: 6503: 6501: 6498: 6496: 6493: 6491: 6488: 6486: 6483: 6481: 6478: 6476: 6473: 6471: 6468: 6467: 6465: 6459: 6455: 6449: 6446: 6445: 6443: 6441: 6437: 6431: 6428: 6426: 6423: 6421: 6418: 6416: 6413: 6411: 6408: 6406: 6403: 6401: 6398: 6396: 6395:Maria of Perg 6393: 6391: 6388: 6386: 6383: 6381: 6378: 6376: 6373: 6371: 6368: 6366: 6363: 6362: 6360: 6358: 6354: 6350: 6343: 6338: 6336: 6331: 6329: 6324: 6323: 6320: 6308: 6305: 6304: 6302: 6298: 6292: 6289: 6288: 6286: 6282: 6276: 6273: 6271: 6268: 6266: 6263: 6261: 6258: 6257: 6255: 6251: 6245: 6242: 6240: 6237: 6235: 6232: 6230: 6227: 6225: 6222: 6221: 6219: 6215: 6209: 6206: 6205: 6203: 6199: 6195: 6191: 6187: 6180: 6176: 6169: 6164: 6162: 6157: 6155: 6150: 6149: 6146: 6138: 6135: 6131: 6130: 6125: 6122: 6121: 6114: 6107: 6106: 6102: 6098: 6094: 6090: 6084: 6083: 6076: 6072: 6068: 6064: 6060: 6055: 6048: 6043: 6042: 6033: 6028: 6025: 6023: 6020: 6018: 6015: 6013: 6010: 6008: 6005: 6003: 5999: 5996: 5994: 5991: 5989: 5985: 5982: 5979: 5977: 5974: 5972: 5969: 5968: 5959: 5955: 5952: 5948: 5944: 5940: 5936: 5933: 5929: 5925: 5921: 5917: 5914: 5910: 5906: 5903: 5902: 5897: 5894: 5890: 5887: 5883: 5879: 5875: 5872: 5868: 5864: 5861: 5857: 5853: 5849: 5846: 5842: 5839: 5835: 5831: 5827: 5824: 5820: 5816: 5812: 5809: 5806: 5802: 5798: 5794: 5791: 5787: 5783: 5779: 5776: 5772: 5768: 5764: 5761: 5757: 5753: 5749: 5746: 5742: 5738: 5735:Count Corti: 5734: 5731: 5727: 5723: 5719: 5713: 5708: 5705: 5701: 5700: 5694: 5689: 5685: 5682: 5678: 5674: 5670: 5667: 5664: 5660: 5657: 5653: 5650: 5646: 5642: 5638: 5635: 5631: 5627: 5626:L'impératrice 5623: 5620: 5619: 5606: 5600: 5596: 5589: 5578: 5577: 5573:刑部芳則 (2017). 5569: 5561: 5555: 5548: 5544: 5540: 5534: 5519: 5515: 5509: 5494: 5487: 5481: 5465: 5461: 5455: 5447: 5441: 5437: 5436: 5428: 5412: 5408: 5402: 5386: 5382: 5376: 5368: 5364: 5358: 5350: 5348:9780099493662 5344: 5340: 5339:Envious Casca 5333: 5327: 5323: 5318: 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McFarland. 5207: 5200: 5192: 5190:9781476790220 5186: 5182: 5175: 5167: 5165:9781310170553 5161: 5157: 5150: 5142: 5140:9798844219504 5136: 5132: 5125: 5117: 5111: 5107: 5100: 5092: 5086: 5078: 5072: 5064: 5058: 5050: 5049:kidscreen.com 5046: 5039: 5031: 5030: 5025: 5018: 5002: 4998: 4994: 4988: 4980: 4976: 4969: 4961: 4955: 4949: 4945: 4944: 4938: 4930: 4924: 4917: 4911: 4903: 4899: 4893: 4885: 4878: 4872:, 3 June 2007 4871: 4865: 4858: 4852: 4845: 4840: 4833: 4827: 4812: 4808: 4802: 4786: 4782: 4778: 4772: 4756: 4752: 4746: 4730: 4726: 4720: 4714: 4711:Inscription: 4708: 4700: 4694: 4690: 4686: 4682: 4675: 4667: 4661: 4657: 4650: 4643: 4637: 4629: 4622: 4615: 4609: 4602: 4596: 4588: 4582: 4578: 4571: 4569: 4567: 4558: 4552: 4548: 4544: 4537: 4535: 4527: 4521: 4506: 4502: 4496: 4489: 4483: 4467: 4463: 4459: 4453: 4446: 4440: 4431: 4422: 4420: 4412: 4406: 4391: 4384: 4375: 4368: 4362: 4354: 4350: 4346: 4342: 4339: 4335: 4334: 4326: 4324: 4322: 4320: 4318: 4316: 4314: 4312: 4310: 4308: 4306: 4304: 4302: 4300: 4298: 4296: 4288: 4282: 4275: 4269: 4262: 4256: 4249: 4243: 4235: 4233:9780571287567 4229: 4225: 4224: 4216: 4209: 4203: 4196: 4190: 4183: 4177: 4175: 4159: 4155: 4151: 4147: 4143: 4139: 4135: 4131: 4127: 4120: 4113: 4107: 4100: 4094: 4087: 4081: 4079: 4071: 4065: 4063: 4055:. p. 33. 4054: 4053: 4045: 4038: 4032: 4024: 4018: 4014: 4013: 4005: 3998: 3992: 3985: 3979: 3970: 3968: 3966: 3958: 3957:History Today 3952: 3950: 3948: 3946: 3944: 3942: 3940: 3938: 3936: 3934: 3925: 3918: 3916: 3914: 3912: 3910: 3908: 3899: 3892: 3886: 3880: 3878: 3870:. Youwriteon. 3869: 3862: 3854: 3847: 3831: 3827: 3823: 3816: 3812: 3799: 3795: 3792: 3790:22 April 1868 3789: 3787: 3784: 3783: 3780: 3776: 3772: 3769: 3766: 3764: 3761: 3760: 3756: 3752: 3749: 3746: 3744: 3741: 3740: 3736: 3733: 3730: 3728: 3725: 3724: 3710: 3707: 3706: 3693: 3691: 3689: 3687: 3685: 3683: 3681: 3679: 3677: 3675: 3673: 3671: 3669: 3667: 3666: 3663: 3661: 3660: 3657: 3651: 3650: 3647: 3646: 3637: 3636: 3631: 3630: 3625: 3619: 3618: 3615: 3614: 3609: 3608: 3603: 3602: 3599: 3593: 3592: 3589: 3588: 3575: 3574: 3569: 3568: 3563: 3557: 3556: 3553: 3552: 3547: 3546: 3541: 3540: 3537: 3531: 3530: 3527: 3526: 3517: 3516: 3511: 3510: 3505: 3499: 3498: 3495: 3494: 3489: 3488: 3483: 3482: 3479: 3473: 3472: 3469: 3468: 3451: 3450: 3447: 3446: 3441: 3435: 3434: 3431: 3430: 3425: 3424: 3419: 3418: 3415: 3409: 3408: 3405: 3404: 3395: 3394: 3389: 3388: 3383: 3377: 3376: 3373: 3372: 3367: 3366: 3361: 3360: 3357: 3351: 3350: 3347: 3346: 3333: 3332: 3327: 3326: 3321: 3315: 3314: 3311: 3310: 3305: 3304: 3299: 3298: 3295: 3289: 3288: 3285: 3284: 3275: 3274: 3269: 3268: 3263: 3257: 3256: 3253: 3252: 3247: 3246: 3241: 3240: 3237: 3231: 3219: 3218: 3215: 3214: 3210: 3209: 3205: 3204: 3192: 3188: 3184: 3173: 3170: 3166: 3156: 3154: 3150: 3145: 3133: 3131: 3130:10 April 1865 3127: 3123: 3113: 3111: 3107: 3103: 3092: 3090: 3086: 3082: 3071: 3070: 3064: 3060: 3057: 3054: 3052: 3048: 3044: 3039: 3036: 3026: 3018: 3016: 3012: 3008: 3003: 3001: 2997: 2992: 2990: 2986: 2976: 2973: 2971: 2970: 2969:Eternal Woman 2965: 2962:Dutch singer 2955: 2953: 2949: 2945: 2943: 2939: 2935: 2930: 2928: 2924: 2919: 2917: 2913: 2908: 2906: 2902: 2897: 2895: 2891: 2890: 2886:' 1987 novel 2885: 2884:Gary Jennings 2880: 2878: 2874: 2869: 2867: 2863: 2859: 2858: 2853: 2850: 2845: 2843: 2842: 2836: 2834: 2833:Daisy Goodwin 2830: 2826: 2821: 2819: 2814: 2812: 2808: 2804: 2799: 2797: 2793: 2788: 2786: 2782: 2781: 2775: 2773: 2768: 2766: 2765: 2760: 2754: 2749: 2745: 2743: 2739: 2738:Golden Fleece 2730: 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film 2200: 2196: 2195: 2190: 2186: 2184: 2183:Franchot Tone 2180: 2176: 2172: 2168: 2167: 2162: 2157: 2155: 2154: 2149: 2145: 2143: 2139: 2138:Marie Larisch 2135: 2125: 2123: 2122: 2121:Emperor Waltz 2117: 2113: 2109: 2105: 2100: 2098: 2097: 2092: 2088: 2087: 2076: 2073: 2069: 2065: 2062:and music by 2061: 2060:Michael Kunze 2057: 2053: 2052: 2048: 2045:In 1992, the 2043: 2041: 2040: 2035: 2030: 2028: 2024: 2020: 2016: 2005: 1995: 1993: 1989: 1985: 1980: 1978: 1974: 1970: 1966: 1963:and busts in 1962: 1958: 1953: 1951: 1947: 1943: 1938: 1934: 1926: 1921: 1917: 1915: 1911: 1907: 1902: 1900: 1895: 1893: 1889: 1885: 1884:Erzsébetváros 1881: 1877: 1872: 1870: 1866: 1862: 1858: 1854: 1850: 1846: 1842: 1838: 1834: 1830: 1825: 1823: 1819: 1815: 1811: 1803: 1798: 1794: 1792: 1789:, created by 1788: 1784: 1779: 1777: 1773: 1769: 1765: 1758: 1753: 1749: 1747: 1743: 1738: 1736: 1727: 1721: 1716: 1707: 1705: 1701: 1696: 1694: 1688: 1686: 1681: 1679: 1674: 1671: 1665: 1661: 1659: 1655: 1647: 1642: 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