1182:, which prohibits discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex or national origin (Prenkert et al., 2019). Title VII covers all employers with 15 or more employees and who are engaging in an industry affecting interstate commerce. Employers include individuals, partnerships, colleges and universities, labor unions and employment agencies, as well as state and local governments. Title VII prohibits two theories of employment discrimination: disparate treatment and disparate impact. Disparate treatment occurs when an employer treats an employee differently because of the employee's protected status. Disparate impact occurs when an employer's policies or practices are seemingly neutral regarding protected statuses and have a disproportionate negative impact on members of one of those groups (Prenkert et al., 2019).
1198:, which protects both individuals who can perform the essential functions of their job despite their disability and those who need a reasonable accommodation to perform their duties (Prenkert et al., 2019). Reasonable accommodation includes making existing facilities readily accessible and usable, acquiring new equipment, restricting job, modifying work schedules, and reassigning workers to vacant positions. However, employers do not need to make accommodations that would create undue hardships. An act requiring significant difficulty or expense (Prenkert et al., 2019).
1261:
3722:, which the critics argue are inalienable. As Ellerman points out, "he employee is legally transformed from being a co-responsible partner to being only an input supplier sharing no legal responsibility for either the input liabilities or the produced outputs of the employer's business." Such contracts are inherently invalid "since the person remain a de facto fully capacitated adult person with only the contractual role of a non-person" as it is impossible to physically transfer self-determination. As Pateman argues:
3739:"the relation between an employer and an isolated employee or worker is typically a relation between a bearer of power and one who is not a bearer of power. In its inception it is an act of submission, in its operation, it is a condition of subordination, however much the submission and the subordination may be concealed by the indispensable figment of the legal mind known as the 'contract of employment'. The main object of labor law has been, and... will always be a countervailing force to counteract the
6248:
878:, as a result of the Industrial Revolution and increasing economic pressures, courts adopted the rule because it favored employers who were trying to avoid mounting employment lawsuits. Employers did not want employees to have a voice because if they knew they could be dismissed at any point, they would be less likely to protest working conditions, wages, etc. At-will employment doctrine also maximized employers’ ability to decrease their workforce in times of economic contraction (Ballam, 1996).
1109:
1808:
1743:
3661:
1017:
outlined in this section. If an employee's performance is found to be unsatisfactory, the employer can terminate the employee at the end or before the completion of the probationary period. This section should also detail how the employer will inform the employee if they wish to continue the employment at the end of the probationary period. A probationary period can only be extended if agreed by both parties or if the employment contract allow it.
69:
3651:
1729:
651:(contract for the supply of services). The differing terminology implies a dividing line between a person who is "employed" and someone who is "self-employed". The purpose of the dividing line is to attribute rights to some kinds of people who work for others. This could be the right to a minimum wage, holiday pay, sick leave, fair dismissal, a written statement of the contract, the right to organise in a
820:" (which could mean less employment legislation protection) or as having an "employment relationship" (which could mean protection somewhere in between) or a "professional" or a "dependent entrepreneur", and so on. Different countries will take more or less sophisticated, or complicated approaches to the question.
907:
are used when an employer wishes to hire an employee for a specific amount of time that is agreed upon in advance . Also known as task contracts, a fixed-term contract can also be used for the completion of a specific task and the contract will be terminated automatically upon completion of the task.
866:
On the other hand, at-will employment does not require an employer to give any cause for termination. At-will employment is unique to the United States, as most countries require specific procedures for employment termination. At-will employment was considered common law in the United States prior to
1027:
A non-competition clause prevents an employee from taking a position with a competitor of their employer following the termination of employment. The employer must have a legitimate interest in restricting the employee from future employment and the clause must be reasonable in time, activities, and
885:
More recently, Deborah Ballam argues in
Exploding the Original Myth Regarding Employment-At-Will: The True Origins of the Doctrine that the employment-at-will rule was the norm throughout the history of the United States because the agriculturally based economy and labor market were not conducive to
871:, which is considered by some to be the origin of at-will employment in the US. However, critics of Wood indicate that he incorrectly cited the cases to support his claim that employers can discharge workers for any reason. Shortly after, courts across the country upheld his claim (Pitchford, 2005).
1083:
This clause specifies that the employer and employee will resolve disputes outside of court and with an arbitrator. In arbitration, the disputing parties each present their side of an issue to an arbitrator who will act like a judge and decide the matter without a jury. The court will then enforce
1049:
Under a non-disclosure or confidentiality clause, the employee agrees to not disclose information that the employer deems confidential or sensitive to the business and to take reasonable steps to prevent disclosure. Non-disclosures are commonly used to protect trade secrets, client information and
918:
Conversely, an open-ended employment contract does not have a specified end date. Open-ended employment contracts are also called permanent, indefinite, or continuing contracts as they are typically used for long-term employment situations (University of
Strathclyde, 2013). This type of employment
3726:
The contractarian argument is unassailable all the time it is accepted that abilities can 'acquire' an external relation to an individual, and can be treated as if they were property. To treat abilities in this manner is also implicitly to accept that the 'exchange' between employer and worker is
1060:
A moonlighting clause details the employer's expectation that an employee with treat their employment with the business as their primary job and that other jobs will not interfere with their job performance. In some cases, a moonlighting clause will go as far as to specify that an employee cannot
1016:
Some companies begin employment with new employees on a probationary basis. An employee is hired for a trial period that gives the company an opportunity to evaluate an employee's job performance and conduct. The duration of the trial period, training guidelines and assessment standards should be
1005:
Compensation includes a negotiated base salary or earning potential for an employee, performance incentives, production bonuses, signing bonuses, equity, and stock options. Benefits include insurance (health, life, vision and dental), pension plans, paid time off, vacation time, sick and personal
881:
A second theory, proposed by
Sanford Jacoby, argues that trade unions were much weaker in the US than in England during this period, so the courts did not offer as much protection for the annual hiring rule. Additionally, white collar workers in England during the nineteenth century garnered much
832:
is in business for him or herself providing services to other businesses and does not work for or under an outside authority. Independent contractors are contracted on a temporary basis and paid at the completion of a project upon which their contract will be terminated. An employee works for an
1225:
Lawsuits can arise as well from
Respondeat Superior Liability or vicarious liability. Respondeat Superior is the legal doctrine that in Latin means “let the master answer." Respondeat Superior holds an employer legally responsible for the wrongful acts of an employee or agent if such acts occur
35:
to attribute rights and responsibilities between parties to a bargain. The contract is between an "employee" and an "employer". It has arisen out of the old master-servant law, used before the 20th century. Employment contracts relies on the concept of authority, in which the employee agrees to
1214:
also affects employers and employment contracts in that it establishes minimum wage, overtime pay, recordkeeping, and youth employment standards affecting employees in the private sector and in
Federal, State, and local governments. The FLSA applies only to employers whose annual sales total $
1038:
A non-solicitation clause prevents an employee from soliciting the employer's clients, customers, or employees for his or her own benefit. The employee also cannot solicit the employer's clients, customers, or employees for a period of time after the termination of the agreement. This section
833:
organization and is covered by federal and state employment and labor laws, which entitles them to certain benefits such as social security, income tax withholdings, and workers compensation, among others per the United States government (U.S. Department of Health & Human
Services, 2018).
1071:
An employer can assign all work products and intellectual property created by an employee during their term of employment is an exclusive right of the employer. This clause pertains to inventions that relate to the company's past, present or reasonably foreseeable future business or research
994:
Each employment contract contains a job description including the range of activities that an employee is reasonably expected to perform. Scope of employment often identifies demotion, transfer to different responsibilities, and modification or increasing current responsibilities. Travel and
3727:
like any other exchange of material property. . . The answer to the question of how property in the person can be contracted out is that no such procedure is possible. Labour power, capacities or services, cannot be separated from the person of the worker like pieces of property.
855:
For-cause employees can only have their employment terminated for a just reason. The employer's decision to terminate an employee also must be reviewed by an independent body to ensure the termination was indeed just and provide protection for employees from unfair or arbitrary termination
886:
the
English annual hiring rule. “Because of the extensive use of indentured servitude, slavery, and express contracts for specified terms, and because of the severe labor shortage, few laborers would have been in situations where the annual hiring rule could have applied,” (Ballam, 1996).
1094:
The term of the contract should be included in this section, detailing a specific time after which the contract will be terminated or no longer be enforceable. Renewals can be included as automatic with options not to renew or can be elective by both parties mutually.
3824:, 209 U.S. 161, 175 (1908) "the employer and the employee have equality of right and any legislation that disturbs that equality is an arbitrary interference with the liberty of contract which no government can legally justify in our free land.”
1226:
within the scope of the employment or agency. A court will apply the doctrine regardless of how closely the employer was monitoring the employee. Respondeat
Superior applies to employees, but not to independent contractors.
655:, and so on. The assumption is that genuinely self-employed people should be able to look after their own affairs, and therefore work they do for others should not carry with it an obligation to look after these rights.
816:
The terminology is complicated by the use of many other sorts of contracts involving one person doing work for another. Instead of being considered an "employee", the individual could be considered a "
2673:
2663:
1072:
endeavors. Employers can claim the rights to inventions that were created using company resources, including confidential information, regardless of if they were developed during normal work hours.
3731:
According to some law scholars, generally, the contract of employment denotes a relationship of economic dependence and social subordination. In the words of the controversial labour lawyer Sir
867:
the nineteenth century as opposed to the standard employment law in
England, which was the annual hiring rule or seasonal hiring. In 1877, Horace Wood wrote his treatise on employment titled
4243:
927:
An employment contract should clearly define all terms and conditions of the employment relationship. The most common elements to any employment contract include the following:
919:
contract may be terminated if either party gives appropriate notice to the other party or in specific instances such as health concerns, resignation, or misconduct.
4326:
Short
Analysis of the Essential Elements of the Typical Employment Contract and of its Importance in Maintaining it within the Current Social and Economic Context.
3718:, posit that the employment contract is a legal fiction in that it recognises human beings juridically as mere tools or inputs by abdicating responsibility and
1050:
other valuable information. A non-disclosure agreement can continue indefinitely or can include a duration clause that stipulates an end date of the agreement.
5391:
4269:
908:
Either party may terminate the contract before the end of the specified term if appropriate notice is given by either side (University of Strathclyde, 2013).
4357:
4364:
1452:
1260:
736:
1006:
leave. This section will also include if or when an employee's salary can be reduced for instances such as suspension or company financial distress.
1495:
1119:
2688:
1774:
1502:
2591:
3690:
2785:
882:
more protection from the English courts due to their higher status compared to white collar workers in the United States (Ballam, 1996).
1061:
hold any other form of employment other than with their employer. The employer can also require an employee to report any outside work.
5229:
5207:
3586:
6133:
1434:
1422:
683:
333:
5977:
5539:
4654:
6158:
4066:
3927:
1490:
1478:
1195:
1187:
659:
341:
856:(Pitchford, 2005). The three largest classes of just-cause employees are federal and state employees, as well as union members.
6029:
5475:
4798:
4793:
4788:
4783:
4778:
4768:
4340:
3832:
2638:
302:
4167:
is a contract whereby one party agrees, in consideration of money payment, to supply the other not with labour, but with the
3041:
2720:
1839:
1514:
1446:
6034:
4922:
4404:
3504:
2859:
36:
accept the authority of the employer and in exchange, the employer agrees to pay the employee a stated wage (Simon, 1951).
3174:
3114:
328:
103:
2710:
874:
There are several theories as to why at-will employment became a legal standard in the US. According to Jay Feinman in
4098:
3959:
6271:
5446:
5234:
5202:
4299:
4119:
3980:
3891:
1767:
1149:
212:
1413:
6256:
2178:
1568:
1398:
474:
346:
197:
6266:
5346:
3683:
3449:
3164:
1508:
1484:
1440:
626:
549:
6276:
6039:
5411:
5363:
4629:
4577:
3740:
3454:
904:
247:
242:
6127:
6019:
5431:
4979:
3519:
3494:
2977:
2896:
1807:
534:
4150:(1904) Journal of the Society of Comparative Legislation, New Series, Vol. 5, No. 2, pp. 253-261, at 255-256
6208:
5381:
4432:
3499:
3364:
3324:
2949:
2568:
2198:
1980:
1760:
1464:
509:
6193:
5406:
4115:
3976:
3556:
3514:
3027:
2576:
1905:
1391:
3874:
Powell, Marvin A. (1995). "Metrology and Mathematics in Ancient Mesopotamia". In Sasson, Jack M. (ed.).
2972:
6122:
6004:
5480:
4932:
4624:
4532:
3851:
3676:
3626:
3489:
3214:
2930:
2819:
2745:
583:
519:
2504:
6286:
6281:
6102:
5776:
5687:
5566:
3783:
3509:
3404:
2800:
2795:
2596:
2263:
2238:
2188:
2123:
2051:
2006:
1866:
976:
937:
539:
267:
207:
6291:
6261:
5952:
5754:
5513:
5470:
5436:
4937:
4927:
4609:
4397:
3419:
3379:
3329:
3194:
2925:
2874:
2790:
2715:
2704:
2581:
2359:
2103:
1211:
1203:
1179:
1171:
1131:
514:
489:
217:
118:
2394:
1162:
With at-will employment, employers must be wary of legal issues that could potentially arise from
6218:
6097:
5999:
5937:
5749:
5376:
5263:
5197:
5110:
4143:
4070:
3931:
3827:
3787:
3541:
3179:
3149:
3094:
3089:
2967:
2586:
1898:
1878:
1733:
1670:
961:
529:
58:
4370:
Office of Child Support Snforcement: An Office of the Administration for Children & Families
3707:
2439:
6072:
6024:
5994:
5831:
5799:
5789:
5606:
5591:
5571:
5453:
5224:
5219:
4494:
4021:
3820:
3793:
3464:
3399:
3334:
3259:
3239:
3234:
3079:
3069:
2844:
2606:
2601:
2489:
2203:
2193:
2183:
2128:
1954:
1932:
1910:
1675:
1458:
1366:
894:
The two most common types of employment contracts include fixed-term and open-ended contracts.
829:
494:
464:
456:
227:
4325:
4283:
4232:
4163:
is a contract whereby one party agrees to supply the other with a certain quantum of labour.
3862:
6014:
6009:
5947:
5892:
5841:
5463:
4994:
4967:
4639:
4567:
4244:
A blockchain-based decentralized system for proper handling of temporary employment contracts
3758:
3616:
3374:
3354:
3314:
3299:
3144:
3124:
2780:
2755:
2698:
2648:
2479:
2273:
2218:
2083:
2073:
2068:
1817:
1705:
1695:
1470:
1127:
771:
524:
484:
469:
192:
98:
1608:
1215:
500,000 or more or who are engaged in interstate commerce (U.S. Department of Labor, n.d.).
6082:
5858:
5811:
5631:
5626:
5401:
5396:
5371:
5311:
5155:
5135:
5087:
4957:
4872:
4710:
3883:
3876:
3753:
3533:
3469:
3459:
3444:
3434:
3384:
3339:
3319:
3269:
3249:
3244:
3224:
3219:
3204:
3199:
3184:
3169:
3154:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3084:
3074:
3064:
3059:
3054:
2920:
2620:
2379:
2349:
2339:
2021:
1827:
1822:
1339:
1244:
1163:
573:
504:
323:
158:
128:
4306:
4259:
Exploding the Original Myth Regarding Employment-At-Will: The True Origins of the Doctrine
722:
8:
6317:
6312:
5987:
5982:
5920:
5868:
5586:
5554:
5544:
5426:
5416:
4947:
4942:
4763:
4743:
4664:
4584:
4542:
4390:
3703:
3606:
3439:
3429:
3414:
3394:
3389:
3369:
3349:
3344:
3309:
3304:
3294:
3274:
3229:
3209:
3129:
3119:
3049:
2935:
2902:
2891:
2730:
2693:
2668:
2633:
2519:
2409:
2291:
2278:
2031:
2026:
1937:
1861:
1543:
1520:
1329:
1314:
1287:
619:
499:
153:
4050:
3911:
6087:
6051:
5915:
5804:
5784:
5657:
5621:
5508:
5490:
5421:
5057:
4917:
4897:
4852:
4753:
4738:
3798:
3719:
3424:
3409:
3289:
3284:
3279:
3254:
3189:
3139:
3134:
2914:
2880:
2834:
2760:
2750:
2653:
2494:
2419:
1791:
1618:
1573:
842:
714:
402:
262:
4316:
2364:
6198:
6178:
5910:
5875:
5707:
5601:
5581:
5500:
5353:
5288:
4962:
4912:
4887:
4847:
4842:
4773:
4619:
4295:
4279:
3887:
3636:
3566:
3359:
3264:
3159:
2908:
2628:
2449:
2319:
2253:
2113:
1996:
1966:
1915:
1593:
1553:
1334:
1319:
1292:
949:
593:
544:
479:
422:
232:
88:
841:
Employment contracts define the type of employment, which fall into two categories:
6168:
5957:
5925:
5885:
5880:
5677:
5667:
5485:
5316:
5273:
5246:
5241:
5095:
5062:
5052:
4902:
4830:
4634:
4572:
4552:
4537:
4062:
4011:
3923:
3732:
3654:
3546:
3017:
3002:
2886:
2828:
2765:
2740:
2683:
2658:
2509:
2454:
2369:
2268:
2228:
2138:
2133:
2011:
1949:
1942:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1871:
1851:
1680:
1371:
1282:
578:
568:
123:
1583:
1548:
6228:
6163:
5972:
5942:
5930:
5794:
5692:
5559:
4892:
4659:
4462:
4437:
4427:
4025:
3763:
3664:
3596:
2854:
2805:
2678:
2529:
2429:
2424:
2404:
2374:
2329:
2324:
2314:
2208:
2088:
1927:
1920:
1856:
1747:
1700:
1613:
1277:
732:
675:
671:
598:
412:
370:
292:
78:
4271:
The Law of the Labour Market: Industrialization, Employment, and Legal Evolution
4233:
The Gig Economy, Smart Contracts and Disruption of traditional work arrangements
2484:
2304:
1588:
6213:
5962:
5863:
5816:
5518:
5331:
5326:
5321:
5177:
5105:
4862:
4820:
4504:
4472:
4334:
Business Law: The Ethical, Global, And Digital Environment, Eighteenth Edition.
4016:
3813:
3803:
3715:
3711:
3611:
3601:
2997:
2992:
2982:
2735:
2384:
2299:
2233:
2163:
2118:
2098:
2093:
1633:
1603:
1563:
1558:
1376:
612:
437:
432:
417:
380:
202:
48:
6306:
6188:
6107:
6092:
6077:
5848:
5826:
5732:
5616:
5549:
5523:
5458:
5301:
5258:
5253:
5100:
4984:
4882:
4604:
4457:
4442:
3778:
3012:
2957:
2775:
2725:
2643:
2544:
2499:
2464:
2444:
2399:
2354:
2173:
2168:
2148:
1628:
1623:
744:
362:
297:
257:
222:
148:
6223:
6203:
6183:
6173:
6148:
5902:
5737:
5717:
5702:
5672:
5662:
5441:
5296:
5278:
5214:
5192:
5150:
5140:
5037:
5027:
4999:
4730:
4720:
4547:
4487:
4106:
3967:
3561:
3551:
3022:
2987:
2839:
2549:
2474:
2414:
2389:
2334:
2143:
2078:
1690:
1598:
1578:
1381:
1235:
785:
767:
748:
679:
442:
407:
390:
287:
272:
237:
187:
182:
174:
108:
4332:
Prenkert, J., Barnes, A., Perry, J., Haugh, T., & Stemler, A. (2019).
5836:
5759:
5727:
5187:
5130:
4748:
4705:
4680:
4649:
4644:
4599:
4524:
4514:
4499:
4452:
3809:
3773:
3007:
2962:
2554:
2524:
2514:
2469:
2344:
2248:
2158:
2016:
1665:
1428:
1386:
1344:
1252:
1039:
protects the employer's information and tries to ensure company loyalty.
652:
316:
143:
113:
93:
4374:
4366:
What's the Difference Between an Independent Contractor and an Employee?
4258:
3660:
1742:
6046:
5853:
5766:
5744:
5712:
5611:
5596:
5576:
5341:
5306:
5268:
5182:
5145:
5077:
5072:
5067:
5032:
4989:
4974:
4952:
4877:
4715:
4695:
4614:
4482:
4477:
4447:
4413:
4347:
3816:
to travel to a country for working there for an extended period of time
3768:
3743:
which is inherent and must be inherent in the employment relationship."
3591:
3576:
3571:
2864:
2539:
2243:
2213:
2108:
2001:
1324:
752:
640:
588:
282:
277:
32:
6233:
6153:
5967:
5652:
5006:
4907:
4867:
4837:
4758:
4594:
4557:
4094:
4046:
4007:
3955:
3907:
3631:
3581:
2849:
2434:
2258:
2153:
1799:
1710:
1655:
802:
397:
138:
133:
4363:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. (2018, October 23).
1178:
Employees in the United States are protected under Title VII of the
6067:
5125:
5115:
5047:
5042:
5011:
4857:
4812:
4690:
4685:
4589:
4467:
2869:
2459:
2223:
1971:
1660:
644:
252:
28:
3650:
643:
is usually defined to mean the same as a "contract of service". A
68:
5697:
5647:
5386:
5336:
5120:
4825:
4509:
4111:
3972:
3621:
2063:
1959:
1685:
707:
663:
427:
4278:
Ellerman, David (24 October 2013). "On the Renting of Persons".
3882:. Vol. III. New York, NY: Charles Scribner's Sons. p.
1194:
Wrongful termination lawsuits can also arise from violating the
5821:
5169:
4808:
2770:
2309:
945:
817:
740:
729:
718:
699:
695:
687:
375:
1728:
5682:
4382:
2534:
1118:
deal primarily with the United States and do not represent a
763:
759:
756:
710:
667:
385:
5722:
5165:
941:
703:
691:
1185:
4700:
717:(c. 2254–2218 BC), Sargon's grandson, including those of
4110:. Translated by Harper, Robert Francis (2nd ed.).
3971:. Translated by Harper, Robert Francis (2nd ed.).
5392:
List of countries by rate of fatal workplace accidents
823:
647:
of service has historically been distinguished from a
4358:
Use of Fixed-Term and Open-Ended Employment Contracts
1453:
Confederation of Revolutionary Anarcho-Syndicalists
4329:European Integration – Realities and Perspectives.
3875:
3867:
1084:the arbitrator's binding decision on the dispute.
1053:
995:relocation can also be discussed in this section.
798:-shekel per day freight rate for a 60-gur vessel.
4341:An Examination of the At-Will Employment Doctrine
6304:
4087:
4082:275. If anyone hires a ... day as rent therefor.
4039:
3992:§234. If a boatman build ... silver as his wage.
3948:
3900:
889:
747:constructed in an employment contract between a
4348:A Formal Theory of the Employment Relationship.
4148:Classification of Forms and Contracts of Labour
3943:234. If a shipbuilder builds ... as a present .
876:The Development of the Employment at Will Rule
788:on a charterparty, while Law 277 stipulated a
4398:
3684:
1768:
1116:The examples and perspective in this section
620:
4263:Berkeley Journal of Employment and Labor Law
998:
4002:
4000:
1201:
1169:
4405:
4391:
3691:
3677:
3587:Definition of anarchism and libertarianism
1775:
1761:
1503:Irish Transport and General Workers' Union
1134:, or create a new section, as appropriate.
805:the equivalent dichotomy was that between
627:
613:
6134:Comprehensive Employment and Training Act
4131:§275. If a man hire ... its hire per day.
4093:
4045:
4006:
3954:
3906:
1150:Learn how and when to remove this message
5978:Job losses caused by the Great Recession
4655:Simultaneous recruiting of new graduates
4277:
4208:
4196:
4184:
3997:
1064:
774:and a ship-owner. Law 276 stipulated a 2
6159:Credentialism and educational inflation
4268:Deakin, S. & Wilkinson, F. (2005).
4067:Records of the Past Exploration Society
4020:. Translated by King, Leonard William.
3928:Records of the Past Exploration Society
1196:Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990
1188:Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990
848:
6305:
6030:List of countries by unemployment rate
4376:Wages and the Fair Labor Standards Act
3878:Civilizations of the Ancient Near East
3873:
3833:Termination of employment in Argentina
2639:Spanish Regional Federation of the IWA
1521:Sveriges Arbetares Centralorganisation
1435:Argentine Regional Workers' Federation
1423:International Workingmen's Association
1218:
1009:
987:
911:
897:
836:
4386:
4314:Legal Information Institute. (n.d.).
4304:Legal Information Institute. (n.d.).
3806:: can be used in employment contracts
1098:
859:
4923:Practice-based professional learning
4099:"Code of Hammurabi, King of Babylon"
4051:"Code of Hammurabi, King of Babylon"
4012:"Code of Hammurabi, King of Babylon"
3960:"Code of Hammurabi, King of Babylon"
3912:"Code of Hammurabi, King of Babylon"
1102:
5476:Workers' right to access the toilet
4356:University of Strathclyde. (2013).
3706:and other socialists who criticise
1031:
824:Employee vs. Independent Contractor
303:Workers' right to access the toilet
13:
4373:U.S. Department of Labor. (n.d.).
1447:ConfederaciĂłn Nacional del Trabajo
1020:
972:Employment opportunity limitations
14:
6329:
4061:(3). Translated by Sommer, Otto.
3922:(3). Translated by Sommer, Otto.
1042:
982:
728:(c. 1755–1750 BC) stipulated a 2-
658:Following the unification of the
6247:
6246:
5540:Corporate collapses and scandals
4294:(2003) Oxford University Press,
4292:The Personal Employment Contract
3659:
3649:
2674:International Conference of Rome
2664:International Conference of Rome
1806:
1741:
1727:
1259:
1107:
713:in each city was promulgated by
198:Diversity, equity, and inclusion
67:
4237:
4226:
4214:
4202:
4190:
4178:
4153:
1509:Fagoppositionens Sammenslutning
1485:Industrial Workers of the World
1479:General Confederation of Labour
1441:Brazilian Workers Confederation
1055:Moonlighting & best efforts
6040:Employment-to-population ratio
5412:Occupational health psychology
4412:
4136:
3856:
3844:
3741:inequality of bargaining power
2786:Australian Anarchist Centenary
2711:German Revolution of 1918–1919
1087:
1075:
248:Occupational safety and health
243:Occupational safety and health
39:
16:Kind of contract in labour law
1:
6128:Works Progress Administration
6020:Unemployment Convention, 1919
5432:Personal protective equipment
4980:Occupational Outlook Handbook
4251:
3850:For example in the UK, s.230
2973:Decentralised planned economy
890:Types of Employment Contracts
684:common Mesopotamian standards
371:Chronological list of strikes
6209:Psychopathy in the workplace
5382:Human factors and ergonomics
2199:Proletarian internationalism
1465:Norsk Syndikalistisk Forbund
1229:
922:
7:
6194:Narcissism in the workplace
5407:Occupational exposure limit
4116:University of Chicago Press
3977:University of Chicago Press
3747:
2721:1919 United States bombings
1734:Organized Labour portal
1130:, discuss the issue on the
10:
6334:
6123:Civil Works Administration
6005:Technological unemployment
5481:Workplace health promotion
4933:Professional certification
4630:Personality–job fit theory
4223:, Hamlyn Lectures, 1972, 7
4161:locatio conductio operarum
3852:Employment Rights Act 1996
3627:Situationist International
2931:Self-managed social center
2746:Spanish Revolution of 1936
1233:
845:and for-cause employment.
809:(employment contract) and
807:locatio conductio operarum
6242:
6141:
6103:Guaranteed minimum income
6060:
5901:
5775:
5688:Organizational commitment
5640:
5532:
5499:
5362:
5287:
5164:
5086:
5020:
4807:
4729:
4673:
4523:
4420:
4339:Pitchford, G. K. (2005).
4257:Ballam, D. (1996).
3784:First Employment Contract
2801:Really Really Free Market
2796:1999 Seattle WTO protests
2264:Temporary autonomous zone
2189:Permanent autonomous zone
2124:Consensus decision-making
1000:Compensation and benefits
934:Employee responsibilities
813:(contract for services).
334:International comparisons
268:Right to rest and leisure
208:Employment discrimination
6272:Aspects of organizations
5953:Involuntary unemployment
5514:Equal pay for equal work
5437:Repetitive strain injury
4938:Professional development
4928:Professional association
4610:Letter of recommendation
4165:locatio conductio operis
3863:Employment Contract FAQs
3838:
3028:Workers' self-management
2926:Radical environmentalism
2875:Independent Media Center
2791:Carnival Against Capital
2716:Bavarian Soviet Republic
2705:Manifesto of the Sixteen
2104:Autonomous social center
1392:Workers' self-management
1212:Fair Labor Standards Act
1204:Fair Labor Standards Act
1180:Civil Rights Act of 1964
1172:Civil Rights Act of 1964
962:Nondisclosure agreements
811:locatio conductio operis
119:Social movement unionism
6257:Aspects of corporations
6219:Slow movement (culture)
6098:Employer of last resort
6000:Structural unemployment
5938:Frictional unemployment
5377:Epilepsy and employment
5264:Performance-related pay
5198:National average salary
5111:996 working hour system
4307:Nondisclosure Agreement
4265:. 17(1), 91-130.
4173:Institutes of Roman Law
3828:Endo contractualization
3788:New Employment Contract
2968:Cost the limit of price
1671:Criticism of capitalism
1515:National Workers' Union
755:. Law 275 stipulated a
329:Trade union federations
324:Trade unions by country
6267:Aspects of occupations
6073:Unemployment insurance
6025:Unemployment extension
5995:Reserve army of labour
5800:Constructive dismissal
5607:Sleeping while on duty
5572:Exploitation of labour
5454:Sick building syndrome
4625:Person–environment fit
4495:Independent contractor
3821:Adair v. United States
3794:Master and Servant Act
3745:
3729:
3115:Bosnia and Herzegovina
2204:Propaganda of the deed
2194:Prefigurative politics
2184:Participatory politics
2129:Conscientious objector
1676:Criticism of copyright
1367:Co-operative economics
830:independent contractor
228:Freedom of association
99:Exploitation of labour
25:contract of employment
6277:Aspects of workplaces
6015:Unemployment benefits
6010:Types of unemployment
5948:Graduate unemployment
5842:Letter of resignation
5471:Workers' compensation
5464:Occupational fatality
4968:Vocational university
4568:Employment counsellor
3759:Collective bargaining
3737:
3724:
3617:Libertarian socialism
2781:Kate Sharpley Library
2756:Red inverted triangle
2699:High Treason Incident
2689:Congress of Amsterdam
2274:Voluntary association
2084:Anti-authoritarianism
2074:Anarchist criminology
2069:Anarchist Black Cross
1696:Libertarian socialism
1471:Solidarity Federation
1066:Intellectual property
938:Employee compensation
649:contract for services
213:Employment protection
193:Collective bargaining
6083:Job creation program
5859:Mandatory retirement
5812:Employee offboarding
5632:Workplace incivility
5627:Workplace harassment
5402:Occupational disease
5397:Occupational burnout
5312:Disability insurance
5156:Workweek and weekend
5136:Retroactive overtime
4958:Vocational education
4873:Continuing education
4711:Permanent employment
4317:Respondeat Superior.
3704:Anarcho-syndicalists
3500:Fictional characters
2921:Radical cheerleading
1164:wrongful termination
1128:improve this section
966:Ownership agreements
905:Fixed-term contracts
850:For-Cause Employment
574:Industrial relations
563:Academic disciplines
159:National-syndicalism
129:Democratic socialism
5988:Recession-proof job
5983:Lists of recessions
5921:Economic depression
5869:Retirement planning
5750:Work–life interface
5587:Employee monitoring
5555:Corporate behaviour
5545:Accounting scandals
5427:Occupational stress
5417:Occupational injury
4948:Reflective practice
4943:Professional school
4665:Work-at-home scheme
4585:Induction programme
4563:Employment contract
4543:Business networking
4323:Nenu, C.C. (2014).
4320:Cornell Law School.
4311:Cornell Law School.
4171:of labour." Sohm,
4055:Records of the Past
3916:Records of the Past
3607:Left-libertarianism
2903:No gods, no masters
2731:Kronstadt rebellion
2669:Trial of the Thirty
2634:Revolutions of 1848
1748:Politics portal
1459:Free Workers' Union
1387:Labour unionisation
1288:Revolutions of 1848
1220:Respondeat Superior
1011:Probationary period
989:Scope of employment
931:Terms of employment
913:Open-Ended Contract
899:Fixed-Term Contract
837:Types of Employment
154:Anarcho-syndicalism
21:employment contract
6251:See also templates
6088:Job creation index
6052:Youth unemployment
5916:Discouraged worker
5805:Wrongful dismissal
5785:At-will employment
5658:Civil conscription
5622:Workplace bullying
5509:Affirmative action
5491:Workplace wellness
5422:Occupational noise
5058:Long service leave
4918:Overspecialization
4898:Induction training
4853:Career development
4346:Simon, H. (1951).
4221:Labour and the Law
4144:Sir John MacDonell
3720:self-determination
3557:Anti-globalisation
3490:Anarcho-punk bands
3175:Dominican Republic
2915:Property is theft!
2881:The Internationale
2835:Anarchist bookfair
2761:Labadie Collection
2751:Barcelona May Days
2654:Cantonal rebellion
1981:Without adjectives
1840:Schools of thought
1099:Legal Implications
969:Assignment clauses
958:Dispute resolution
955:Employment absence
869:Master and Servant
861:At-Will Employment
843:at-will employment
715:Naram-Sin of Akkad
263:Professional abuse
6300:
6299:
6199:Post-work society
6179:Kiss up kick down
5911:Barriers to entry
5876:Severance package
5708:Human trafficking
5602:Sexual harassment
5582:Employee handbook
5501:Equal opportunity
5364:Safety and health
5354:Take-home vehicle
4963:Vocational school
4913:Lifelong learning
4888:Further education
4848:Career counseling
4843:Career assessment
4620:Overqualification
4353:. 19(3), 293-305.
3701:
3700:
3637:Spontaneous order
3567:Anti-war movement
3510:Jewish anarchists
2909:Popular education
2629:French Revolution
2254:Spontaneous order
2114:Classless society
2039:
2038:
1997:Counter-economics
1785:
1784:
1473:(SF–IWA, Britain)
1467:(NSF–IAA, Norway)
1320:Council communism
1293:Utopian socialism
1160:
1159:
1152:
1028:geographic area.
637:
636:
594:Post-work society
423:Solidarity action
233:Legal working age
89:Conflict theories
6325:
6287:Critique of work
6282:Corporate titles
6250:
6249:
6169:Evil corporation
6035:Employment rates
5958:Jobless recovery
5926:Great Depression
5886:Golden parachute
5881:Golden handshake
5678:Job satisfaction
5668:Critique of work
5486:Workplace phobia
5317:Health insurance
5274:Wage compression
5242:Progressive wage
5096:35-hour workweek
5063:No call, no show
5053:Leave of absence
4903:Knowledge worker
4831:Master craftsman
4635:Personality hire
4573:Executive search
4553:Curriculum vitae
4538:Background check
4407:
4400:
4393:
4384:
4383:
4336:McGraw-Hill LLC.
4290:Mark Freedland,
4287:
4246:
4241:
4235:
4230:
4224:
4218:
4212:
4206:
4200:
4194:
4188:
4182:
4176:
4157:
4151:
4140:
4134:
4133:
4128:
4126:
4103:
4091:
4085:
4084:
4079:
4077:
4043:
4037:
4036:
4034:
4032:
4004:
3995:
3994:
3989:
3987:
3964:
3952:
3946:
3945:
3940:
3938:
3904:
3898:
3897:
3881:
3871:
3865:
3860:
3854:
3848:
3733:Otto Kahn-Freund
3693:
3686:
3679:
3663:
3655:Anarchism portal
3653:
3547:Anti-consumerism
3542:Anti-corporatism
3018:Social ownership
3003:Market socialism
2978:Free association
2887:Jewish anarchism
2829:A las Barricadas
2741:Amakasu Incident
2684:Strandza Commune
2659:Haymarket affair
2279:Workers' council
2269:Union of egoists
2229:Security culture
2139:Decentralisation
2134:Critique of work
1872:Total liberation
1846:
1845:
1810:
1787:
1786:
1777:
1770:
1763:
1746:
1745:
1732:
1731:
1681:Critique of work
1648:Related subjects
1496:IWW-South Africa
1449:(CNT–AIT, Spain)
1372:Labour economics
1283:Orthodox Marxism
1263:
1240:
1239:
1155:
1148:
1144:
1141:
1135:
1111:
1110:
1103:
1033:Non-solicitation
797:
796:
792:
783:
782:
778:
629:
622:
615:
579:Labour economics
569:Critique of work
413:Pen-down strikes
124:Social democracy
71:
61:
60:Organised labour
51:
44:
43:
6333:
6332:
6328:
6327:
6326:
6324:
6323:
6322:
6303:
6302:
6301:
6296:
6292:Organized labor
6262:Aspects of jobs
6238:
6229:Toxic workplace
6164:Emotional labor
6137:
6061:Public programs
6056:
5973:Great Recession
5943:Full employment
5931:Long Depression
5897:
5795:Banishment room
5771:
5693:Refusal of work
5636:
5560:Corporate crime
5528:
5495:
5358:
5283:
5160:
5082:
5016:
4893:Graduate school
4803:
4725:
4669:
4660:Underemployment
4519:
4463:Self-employment
4438:Contingent work
4428:Academic tenure
4421:Classifications
4416:
4411:
4254:
4249:
4242:
4238:
4231:
4227:
4219:
4215:
4207:
4203:
4195:
4191:
4183:
4179:
4158:
4154:
4141:
4137:
4124:
4122:
4101:
4092:
4088:
4075:
4073:
4044:
4040:
4030:
4028:
4026:Yale Law School
4005:
3998:
3985:
3983:
3962:
3953:
3949:
3936:
3934:
3905:
3901:
3894:
3872:
3868:
3861:
3857:
3849:
3845:
3841:
3814:migrant workers
3799:Ship's articles
3764:Job description
3750:
3697:
3665:Politics portal
3642:
3641:
3597:Labour movement
3537:
3536:
3525:
3524:
3485:
3484:
3475:
3474:
3045:
3044:
3033:
3032:
2953:
2952:
2941:
2940:
2855:Escuela Moderna
2823:
2822:
2811:
2810:
2806:Occupy movement
2679:Ferrer movement
2624:
2623:
2612:
2611:
2572:
2571:
2560:
2559:
2295:
2294:
2283:
2282:
2209:Refusal of work
2094:Anti-militarism
2089:Anti-capitalism
2060:
2059:
2041:
2040:
2007:Insurrectionary
1843:
1842:
1781:
1740:
1726:
1718:
1717:
1716:
1715:
1701:Post-capitalism
1649:
1641:
1640:
1639:
1638:
1537:
1529:
1528:
1527:
1526:
1517:(UON, Portugal)
1431:and affiliates
1416:
1406:
1405:
1404:
1403:
1360:
1352:
1351:
1350:
1349:
1308:
1300:
1299:
1298:
1297:
1278:Guild socialism
1271:
1238:
1232:
1223:
1208:
1192:
1176:
1156:
1145:
1139:
1136:
1125:
1112:
1108:
1101:
1092:
1081:
1069:
1058:
1047:
1036:
1025:
1022:Non-competition
1014:
1003:
992:
985:
925:
916:
902:
892:
864:
853:
839:
826:
794:
790:
789:
784:-gerah per day
780:
776:
775:
733:prevailing wage
724:Codex Hammurabi
682:circa 2334 BC,
678:ruled from his
672:Sargon of Akkad
633:
604:
603:
599:Refusal of work
564:
556:
555:
554:
459:
449:
448:
447:
438:Wildcat strikes
433:Whipsaw strikes
418:Sitdown strikes
365:
355:
354:
351:
319:
309:
308:
307:
293:Toxic workplace
177:
167:
166:
163:
81:
79:Labour movement
59:
49:
42:
17:
12:
11:
5:
6331:
6321:
6320:
6315:
6298:
6297:
6295:
6294:
6289:
6284:
6279:
6274:
6269:
6264:
6259:
6253:
6252:
6243:
6240:
6239:
6237:
6236:
6231:
6226:
6221:
6216:
6214:Sunday scaries
6211:
6206:
6201:
6196:
6191:
6186:
6181:
6176:
6171:
6166:
6161:
6156:
6151:
6145:
6143:
6139:
6138:
6131:
6130:
6125:
6120:
6115:
6110:
6105:
6100:
6095:
6090:
6085:
6080:
6075:
6070:
6064:
6062:
6058:
6057:
6055:
6054:
6049:
6044:
6043:
6042:
6037:
6027:
6022:
6017:
6012:
6007:
6002:
5997:
5992:
5991:
5990:
5985:
5980:
5975:
5965:
5963:Phillips curve
5960:
5955:
5950:
5945:
5940:
5935:
5934:
5933:
5928:
5918:
5913:
5907:
5905:
5899:
5898:
5896:
5895:
5890:
5889:
5888:
5883:
5873:
5872:
5871:
5866:
5864:Retirement age
5861:
5851:
5846:
5845:
5844:
5834:
5829:
5824:
5819:
5817:Exit interview
5814:
5809:
5808:
5807:
5802:
5797:
5787:
5781:
5779:
5773:
5772:
5770:
5769:
5764:
5763:
5762:
5757:
5747:
5742:
5741:
5740:
5735:
5730:
5725:
5720:
5715:
5710:
5705:
5695:
5690:
5685:
5680:
5675:
5670:
5665:
5660:
5655:
5650:
5644:
5642:
5638:
5637:
5635:
5634:
5629:
5624:
5619:
5614:
5609:
5604:
5599:
5594:
5589:
5584:
5579:
5574:
5569:
5567:Discrimination
5564:
5563:
5562:
5557:
5552:
5547:
5536:
5534:
5530:
5529:
5527:
5526:
5521:
5519:Gender pay gap
5516:
5511:
5505:
5503:
5497:
5496:
5494:
5493:
5488:
5483:
5478:
5473:
5468:
5467:
5466:
5456:
5451:
5450:
5449:
5439:
5434:
5429:
5424:
5419:
5414:
5409:
5404:
5399:
5394:
5389:
5384:
5379:
5374:
5368:
5366:
5360:
5359:
5357:
5356:
5351:
5350:
5349:
5339:
5334:
5332:Parental leave
5329:
5327:Marriage leave
5324:
5322:Life insurance
5319:
5314:
5309:
5304:
5299:
5293:
5291:
5285:
5284:
5282:
5281:
5276:
5271:
5266:
5261:
5256:
5251:
5250:
5249:
5239:
5238:
5237:
5232:
5227:
5222:
5212:
5211:
5210:
5205:
5195:
5190:
5185:
5180:
5178:Income bracket
5174:
5172:
5162:
5161:
5159:
5158:
5153:
5148:
5143:
5138:
5133:
5128:
5123:
5118:
5113:
5108:
5106:Eight-hour day
5103:
5098:
5092:
5090:
5084:
5083:
5081:
5080:
5075:
5070:
5065:
5060:
5055:
5050:
5045:
5040:
5035:
5030:
5024:
5022:
5018:
5017:
5015:
5014:
5009:
5004:
5003:
5002:
4997:
4987:
4982:
4977:
4972:
4971:
4970:
4965:
4960:
4955:
4950:
4945:
4940:
4935:
4930:
4925:
4920:
4915:
4910:
4905:
4900:
4895:
4890:
4885:
4880:
4875:
4865:
4863:Creative class
4860:
4855:
4850:
4845:
4840:
4835:
4834:
4833:
4823:
4821:Apprenticeship
4817:
4815:
4805:
4804:
4802:
4801:
4796:
4791:
4789:Scarlet-collar
4786:
4781:
4776:
4771:
4766:
4761:
4756:
4751:
4746:
4741:
4735:
4733:
4727:
4726:
4724:
4723:
4718:
4713:
4708:
4703:
4698:
4693:
4688:
4683:
4677:
4675:
4671:
4670:
4668:
4667:
4662:
4657:
4652:
4647:
4642:
4637:
4632:
4627:
4622:
4617:
4612:
4607:
4602:
4597:
4592:
4587:
4582:
4581:
4580:
4570:
4565:
4560:
4555:
4550:
4545:
4540:
4535:
4529:
4527:
4521:
4520:
4518:
4517:
4512:
4507:
4505:Temporary work
4502:
4497:
4492:
4491:
4490:
4485:
4480:
4473:Skilled worker
4470:
4465:
4460:
4455:
4450:
4445:
4440:
4435:
4430:
4424:
4422:
4418:
4417:
4410:
4409:
4402:
4395:
4387:
4381:
4380:
4371:
4361:
4354:
4344:
4337:
4330:
4321:
4312:
4302:
4288:
4275:
4266:
4253:
4250:
4248:
4247:
4236:
4225:
4213:
4201:
4189:
4177:
4152:
4135:
4086:
4063:Washington, DC
4038:
4017:Avalon Project
3996:
3947:
3924:Washington, DC
3899:
3892:
3866:
3855:
3842:
3840:
3837:
3836:
3835:
3830:
3825:
3817:
3807:
3804:Smart contract
3801:
3796:
3791:
3781:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3756:
3749:
3746:
3716:Carole Pateman
3712:David Ellerman
3699:
3698:
3696:
3695:
3688:
3681:
3673:
3670:
3669:
3668:
3667:
3657:
3644:
3643:
3640:
3639:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3612:Libertarianism
3609:
3604:
3602:Left communism
3599:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3538:
3534:Related topics
3532:
3531:
3530:
3527:
3526:
3523:
3522:
3517:
3512:
3507:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3486:
3482:
3481:
3480:
3477:
3476:
3473:
3472:
3467:
3462:
3457:
3452:
3450:United Kingdom
3447:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3407:
3402:
3397:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3347:
3342:
3337:
3332:
3327:
3322:
3317:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3292:
3287:
3282:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3242:
3237:
3232:
3227:
3222:
3217:
3212:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3172:
3167:
3165:Czech Republic
3162:
3157:
3152:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3052:
3046:
3040:
3039:
3038:
3035:
3034:
3031:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2998:Labour voucher
2995:
2993:Give-away shop
2990:
2985:
2983:General strike
2980:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2954:
2948:
2947:
2946:
2943:
2942:
2939:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2911:
2906:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2852:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2832:
2824:
2818:
2817:
2816:
2813:
2812:
2809:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2736:Makhnovshchina
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2701:
2696:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2649:Hague Congress
2646:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2625:
2619:
2618:
2617:
2614:
2613:
2610:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2573:
2567:
2566:
2565:
2562:
2561:
2558:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2395:González Prada
2392:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2347:
2342:
2337:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2296:
2290:
2289:
2288:
2285:
2284:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2239:Social ecology
2236:
2234:Self-ownership
2231:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2164:Horizontalidad
2161:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2119:Class struggle
2116:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2099:Affinity group
2096:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2058:
2057:
2054:
2048:
2047:
2046:
2043:
2042:
2037:
2036:
2035:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1991:
1990:
1986:
1985:
1984:
1983:
1978:
1977:
1976:
1975:
1974:
1964:
1963:
1962:
1947:
1946:
1945:
1940:
1930:
1925:
1924:
1923:
1918:
1908:
1903:
1902:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1876:
1875:
1874:
1869:
1867:Social ecology
1864:
1854:
1844:
1838:
1837:
1836:
1833:
1832:
1831:
1830:
1825:
1820:
1812:
1811:
1803:
1802:
1796:
1795:
1783:
1782:
1780:
1779:
1772:
1765:
1757:
1754:
1753:
1752:
1751:
1737:
1720:
1719:
1714:
1713:
1708:
1703:
1698:
1693:
1688:
1683:
1678:
1673:
1668:
1663:
1658:
1652:
1651:
1650:
1647:
1646:
1643:
1642:
1637:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1621:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1576:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1540:
1539:
1538:
1535:
1534:
1531:
1530:
1525:
1524:
1518:
1512:
1506:
1500:
1499:
1498:
1493:
1482:
1476:
1475:
1474:
1468:
1462:
1461:(FAU, Germany)
1456:
1455:(CRAS, Russia)
1450:
1444:
1438:
1426:
1419:
1418:
1417:
1412:
1411:
1408:
1407:
1402:
1401:
1396:
1395:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1377:General strike
1369:
1363:
1362:
1361:
1358:
1357:
1354:
1353:
1348:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1311:
1310:
1309:
1306:
1305:
1302:
1301:
1296:
1295:
1290:
1285:
1280:
1274:
1273:
1272:
1269:
1268:
1265:
1264:
1256:
1255:
1249:
1248:
1234:Main article:
1231:
1228:
1222:
1217:
1207:
1200:
1191:
1184:
1175:
1168:
1158:
1157:
1122:of the subject
1120:worldwide view
1115:
1113:
1106:
1100:
1097:
1091:
1086:
1080:
1074:
1068:
1063:
1057:
1052:
1046:
1044:Non-disclosure
1041:
1035:
1030:
1024:
1019:
1013:
1008:
1002:
997:
991:
986:
984:
983:Common Clauses
981:
980:
979:
973:
970:
967:
964:
959:
956:
953:
935:
932:
924:
921:
915:
910:
901:
896:
891:
888:
863:
858:
852:
847:
838:
835:
825:
822:
772:ship charterer
639:A contract of
635:
634:
632:
631:
624:
617:
609:
606:
605:
602:
601:
596:
591:
586:
584:Labour history
581:
576:
571:
565:
562:
561:
558:
557:
553:
552:
547:
545:United Kingdom
542:
537:
532:
527:
522:
517:
512:
507:
502:
497:
492:
487:
482:
477:
472:
467:
461:
460:
457:Labour parties
455:
454:
451:
450:
446:
445:
440:
435:
430:
425:
420:
415:
410:
405:
400:
395:
394:
393:
388:
381:General strike
378:
373:
367:
366:
361:
360:
357:
356:
353:
352:
350:
349:
344:
338:
336:
331:
326:
320:
315:
314:
311:
310:
306:
305:
300:
295:
290:
285:
280:
275:
270:
265:
260:
255:
250:
245:
240:
235:
230:
225:
220:
215:
210:
205:
203:Eight-hour day
200:
195:
190:
185:
179:
178:
173:
172:
169:
168:
165:
164:
162:
161:
156:
151:
146:
141:
136:
131:
126:
121:
116:
111:
106:
101:
96:
91:
85:
82:
77:
76:
73:
72:
64:
63:
55:
54:
41:
38:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6330:
6319:
6316:
6314:
6311:
6310:
6308:
6293:
6290:
6288:
6285:
6283:
6280:
6278:
6275:
6273:
6270:
6268:
6265:
6263:
6260:
6258:
6255:
6254:
6245:
6244:
6241:
6235:
6232:
6230:
6227:
6225:
6222:
6220:
6217:
6215:
6212:
6210:
6207:
6205:
6202:
6200:
6197:
6195:
6192:
6190:
6189:Make-work job
6187:
6185:
6182:
6180:
6177:
6175:
6172:
6170:
6167:
6165:
6162:
6160:
6157:
6155:
6152:
6150:
6147:
6146:
6144:
6140:
6136:
6135:
6129:
6126:
6124:
6121:
6119:
6116:
6114:
6111:
6109:
6108:Right to work
6106:
6104:
6101:
6099:
6096:
6094:
6093:Job guarantee
6091:
6089:
6086:
6084:
6081:
6079:
6078:Make-work job
6076:
6074:
6071:
6069:
6066:
6065:
6063:
6059:
6053:
6050:
6048:
6045:
6041:
6038:
6036:
6033:
6032:
6031:
6028:
6026:
6023:
6021:
6018:
6016:
6013:
6011:
6008:
6006:
6003:
6001:
5998:
5996:
5993:
5989:
5986:
5984:
5981:
5979:
5976:
5974:
5971:
5970:
5969:
5966:
5964:
5961:
5959:
5956:
5954:
5951:
5949:
5946:
5944:
5941:
5939:
5936:
5932:
5929:
5927:
5924:
5923:
5922:
5919:
5917:
5914:
5912:
5909:
5908:
5906:
5904:
5900:
5894:
5891:
5887:
5884:
5882:
5879:
5878:
5877:
5874:
5870:
5867:
5865:
5862:
5860:
5857:
5856:
5855:
5852:
5850:
5849:Restructuring
5847:
5843:
5840:
5839:
5838:
5835:
5833:
5830:
5828:
5827:Notice period
5825:
5823:
5820:
5818:
5815:
5813:
5810:
5806:
5803:
5801:
5798:
5796:
5793:
5792:
5791:
5788:
5786:
5783:
5782:
5780:
5778:
5774:
5768:
5765:
5761:
5758:
5756:
5753:
5752:
5751:
5748:
5746:
5743:
5739:
5736:
5734:
5733:Unfree labour
5731:
5729:
5726:
5724:
5721:
5719:
5716:
5714:
5711:
5709:
5706:
5704:
5703:Bonded labour
5701:
5700:
5699:
5696:
5694:
5691:
5689:
5686:
5684:
5681:
5679:
5676:
5674:
5671:
5669:
5666:
5664:
5661:
5659:
5656:
5654:
5651:
5649:
5646:
5645:
5643:
5639:
5633:
5630:
5628:
5625:
5623:
5620:
5618:
5617:Whistleblower
5615:
5613:
5610:
5608:
5605:
5603:
5600:
5598:
5595:
5593:
5590:
5588:
5585:
5583:
5580:
5578:
5575:
5573:
5570:
5568:
5565:
5561:
5558:
5556:
5553:
5551:
5550:Control fraud
5548:
5546:
5543:
5542:
5541:
5538:
5537:
5535:
5531:
5525:
5524:Glass ceiling
5522:
5520:
5517:
5515:
5512:
5510:
5507:
5506:
5504:
5502:
5498:
5492:
5489:
5487:
5484:
5482:
5479:
5477:
5474:
5472:
5469:
5465:
5462:
5461:
5460:
5459:Work accident
5457:
5455:
5452:
5448:
5447:United States
5445:
5444:
5443:
5440:
5438:
5435:
5433:
5430:
5428:
5425:
5423:
5420:
5418:
5415:
5413:
5410:
5408:
5405:
5403:
5400:
5398:
5395:
5393:
5390:
5388:
5385:
5383:
5380:
5378:
5375:
5373:
5370:
5369:
5367:
5365:
5361:
5355:
5352:
5348:
5347:United States
5345:
5344:
5343:
5340:
5338:
5335:
5333:
5330:
5328:
5325:
5323:
5320:
5318:
5315:
5313:
5310:
5308:
5305:
5303:
5302:Casual Friday
5300:
5298:
5295:
5294:
5292:
5290:
5286:
5280:
5277:
5275:
5272:
5270:
5267:
5265:
5262:
5260:
5259:Paid time off
5257:
5255:
5254:Overtime rate
5252:
5248:
5245:
5244:
5243:
5240:
5236:
5235:United States
5233:
5231:
5228:
5226:
5223:
5221:
5218:
5217:
5216:
5213:
5209:
5206:
5204:
5201:
5200:
5199:
5196:
5194:
5191:
5189:
5186:
5184:
5181:
5179:
5176:
5175:
5173:
5171:
5167:
5163:
5157:
5154:
5152:
5149:
5147:
5144:
5142:
5139:
5137:
5134:
5132:
5129:
5127:
5124:
5122:
5119:
5117:
5114:
5112:
5109:
5107:
5104:
5102:
5101:Four-day week
5099:
5097:
5094:
5093:
5091:
5089:
5085:
5079:
5076:
5074:
5071:
5069:
5066:
5064:
5061:
5059:
5056:
5054:
5051:
5049:
5046:
5044:
5041:
5039:
5036:
5034:
5031:
5029:
5026:
5025:
5023:
5019:
5013:
5010:
5008:
5005:
5001:
4998:
4996:
4993:
4992:
4991:
4988:
4986:
4985:Practice firm
4983:
4981:
4978:
4976:
4973:
4969:
4966:
4964:
4961:
4959:
4956:
4954:
4951:
4949:
4946:
4944:
4941:
4939:
4936:
4934:
4931:
4929:
4926:
4924:
4921:
4919:
4916:
4914:
4911:
4909:
4906:
4904:
4901:
4899:
4896:
4894:
4891:
4889:
4886:
4884:
4883:Employability
4881:
4879:
4876:
4874:
4871:
4870:
4869:
4866:
4864:
4861:
4859:
4856:
4854:
4851:
4849:
4846:
4844:
4841:
4839:
4836:
4832:
4829:
4828:
4827:
4824:
4822:
4819:
4818:
4816:
4814:
4810:
4806:
4800:
4797:
4795:
4792:
4790:
4787:
4785:
4784:Orange-collar
4782:
4780:
4777:
4775:
4772:
4770:
4767:
4765:
4762:
4760:
4757:
4755:
4752:
4750:
4747:
4745:
4742:
4740:
4737:
4736:
4734:
4732:
4731:Working class
4728:
4722:
4719:
4717:
4714:
4712:
4709:
4707:
4704:
4702:
4699:
4697:
4694:
4692:
4689:
4687:
4684:
4682:
4679:
4678:
4676:
4672:
4666:
4663:
4661:
4658:
4656:
4653:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4643:
4641:
4638:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4628:
4626:
4623:
4621:
4618:
4616:
4613:
4611:
4608:
4606:
4605:Job interview
4603:
4601:
4598:
4596:
4593:
4591:
4588:
4586:
4583:
4579:
4576:
4575:
4574:
4571:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4546:
4544:
4541:
4539:
4536:
4534:
4531:
4530:
4528:
4526:
4522:
4516:
4513:
4511:
4508:
4506:
4503:
4501:
4498:
4496:
4493:
4489:
4486:
4484:
4481:
4479:
4476:
4475:
4474:
4471:
4469:
4466:
4464:
4461:
4459:
4458:Part-time job
4456:
4454:
4451:
4449:
4446:
4444:
4443:Full-time job
4441:
4439:
4436:
4434:
4431:
4429:
4426:
4425:
4423:
4419:
4415:
4408:
4403:
4401:
4396:
4394:
4389:
4388:
4385:
4379:
4377:
4372:
4369:
4367:
4362:
4359:
4355:
4352:
4349:
4345:
4342:
4338:
4335:
4331:
4328:
4327:
4322:
4319:
4318:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4303:
4301:
4300:0-19-924926-1
4297:
4293:
4289:
4285:
4281:
4276:
4274:
4272:
4267:
4264:
4260:
4256:
4255:
4245:
4240:
4234:
4229:
4222:
4217:
4211:, p. 16.
4210:
4209:Ellerman 2013
4205:
4198:
4197:Ellerman 2013
4193:
4187:, p. 11.
4186:
4185:Ellerman 2013
4181:
4174:
4170:
4166:
4162:
4156:
4149:
4145:
4139:
4132:
4121:
4117:
4113:
4109:
4108:
4100:
4096:
4090:
4083:
4072:
4068:
4064:
4060:
4056:
4052:
4048:
4042:
4027:
4023:
4022:New Haven, CT
4019:
4018:
4013:
4009:
4003:
4001:
3993:
3982:
3978:
3974:
3970:
3969:
3961:
3957:
3951:
3944:
3933:
3929:
3925:
3921:
3917:
3913:
3909:
3903:
3895:
3893:0-684-19279-9
3889:
3885:
3880:
3879:
3870:
3864:
3859:
3853:
3847:
3843:
3834:
3831:
3829:
3826:
3823:
3822:
3818:
3815:
3811:
3808:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3789:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3779:Work for hire
3777:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3752:
3751:
3744:
3742:
3736:
3734:
3728:
3723:
3721:
3717:
3713:
3709:
3705:
3694:
3689:
3687:
3682:
3680:
3675:
3674:
3672:
3671:
3666:
3662:
3658:
3656:
3652:
3648:
3647:
3646:
3645:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3539:
3535:
3529:
3528:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3487:
3479:
3478:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3455:United States
3453:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3215:French Guiana
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3048:
3047:
3043:
3037:
3036:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3013:Mutual credit
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2958:Communisation
2956:
2955:
2951:
2945:
2944:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2916:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2904:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2882:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2853:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2830:
2826:
2825:
2821:
2815:
2814:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2726:Biennio Rosso
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2706:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2644:Paris Commune
2642:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2626:
2622:
2616:
2615:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2577:Animal rights
2575:
2574:
2570:
2564:
2563:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2297:
2293:
2287:
2286:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2169:Individualism
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2149:Direct action
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2049:
2045:
2044:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1994:
1993:
1992:
1988:
1987:
1982:
1979:
1973:
1970:
1969:
1968:
1965:
1961:
1958:
1957:
1956:
1953:
1952:
1951:
1948:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1935:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1913:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1900:
1899:Philosophical
1897:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1881:
1880:
1879:Individualist
1877:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1859:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1849:
1848:
1847:
1841:
1835:
1834:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1815:
1814:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1804:
1801:
1798:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1788:
1778:
1773:
1771:
1766:
1764:
1759:
1758:
1756:
1755:
1750:
1749:
1744:
1738:
1736:
1735:
1730:
1724:
1723:
1722:
1721:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1653:
1645:
1644:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1541:
1533:
1532:
1523:(SAC, Sweden)
1522:
1519:
1516:
1513:
1511:(FS, Denmark)
1510:
1507:
1504:
1501:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1480:
1477:
1472:
1469:
1466:
1463:
1460:
1457:
1454:
1451:
1448:
1445:
1442:
1439:
1436:
1433:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1424:
1421:
1420:
1415:
1414:Organisations
1410:
1409:
1400:
1397:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1382:Labour rights
1380:
1378:
1375:
1374:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1364:
1356:
1355:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1312:
1304:
1303:
1294:
1291:
1289:
1286:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1275:
1267:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1257:
1254:
1251:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1241:
1237:
1227:
1221:
1216:
1213:
1206:
1205:
1199:
1197:
1190:
1189:
1183:
1181:
1174:
1173:
1167:
1165:
1154:
1151:
1143:
1133:
1129:
1123:
1121:
1114:
1105:
1104:
1096:
1090:
1085:
1078:
1073:
1067:
1062:
1056:
1051:
1045:
1040:
1034:
1029:
1023:
1018:
1012:
1007:
1001:
996:
990:
978:
974:
971:
968:
965:
963:
960:
957:
954:
951:
947:
943:
939:
936:
933:
930:
929:
928:
920:
914:
909:
906:
900:
895:
887:
883:
879:
877:
872:
870:
862:
857:
851:
846:
844:
834:
831:
821:
819:
814:
812:
808:
804:
799:
787:
773:
769:
766:per day on a
765:
761:
758:
754:
750:
746:
742:
738:
734:
731:
727:
725:
720:
716:
712:
709:
705:
701:
697:
693:
689:
685:
681:
677:
676:single empire
673:
669:
665:
661:
656:
654:
650:
646:
642:
630:
625:
623:
618:
616:
611:
610:
608:
607:
600:
597:
595:
592:
590:
587:
585:
582:
580:
577:
575:
572:
570:
567:
566:
560:
559:
551:
548:
546:
543:
541:
538:
536:
533:
531:
528:
526:
523:
521:
518:
516:
513:
511:
510:New Caledonia
508:
506:
503:
501:
498:
496:
493:
491:
488:
486:
483:
481:
478:
476:
473:
471:
468:
466:
463:
462:
458:
453:
452:
444:
441:
439:
436:
434:
431:
429:
426:
424:
421:
419:
416:
414:
411:
409:
408:Overtime bans
406:
404:
401:
399:
396:
392:
389:
387:
384:
383:
382:
379:
377:
374:
372:
369:
368:
364:
363:Strike action
359:
358:
348:
345:
343:
340:
339:
337:
335:
332:
330:
327:
325:
322:
321:
318:
313:
312:
304:
301:
299:
298:Unfree labour
296:
294:
291:
289:
286:
284:
281:
279:
276:
274:
271:
269:
266:
264:
261:
259:
258:Paid time off
256:
254:
251:
249:
246:
244:
241:
239:
236:
234:
231:
229:
226:
224:
223:Four-day week
221:
219:
216:
214:
211:
209:
206:
204:
201:
199:
196:
194:
191:
189:
186:
184:
181:
180:
176:
175:Labour rights
171:
170:
160:
157:
155:
152:
150:
149:Union busting
147:
145:
142:
140:
137:
135:
132:
130:
127:
125:
122:
120:
117:
115:
112:
110:
107:
105:
102:
100:
97:
95:
92:
90:
87:
86:
84:
83:
80:
75:
74:
70:
66:
65:
62:
57:
56:
52:
46:
45:
37:
34:
30:
27:is a kind of
26:
22:
6224:Toxic leader
6204:Presenteeism
6184:Labor rights
6174:Going postal
6149:Bullshit job
6132:
6117:
6112:
5903:Unemployment
5755:Downshifting
5738:Wage slavery
5718:Penal labour
5673:Dead-end job
5663:Conscription
5442:Right to sit
5297:Annual leave
5279:Working poor
5215:Minimum wage
5193:Maximum wage
5151:Working time
5141:Six-hour day
5038:Career break
5000:Professional
4794:Black-collar
4764:White-collar
4744:Green-collar
4721:Volunteering
4562:
4558:Drug testing
4548:Cover letter
4488:Tradesperson
4375:
4365:
4351:Econometrica
4350:
4333:
4324:
4315:
4305:
4291:
4270:
4262:
4239:
4228:
4220:
4216:
4204:
4199:, p. 9.
4192:
4180:
4175:, 311 (1892)
4172:
4168:
4164:
4160:
4155:
4147:
4138:
4130:
4123:. Retrieved
4107:Liberty Fund
4105:
4089:
4081:
4074:. Retrieved
4058:
4054:
4041:
4029:. Retrieved
4015:
3991:
3984:. Retrieved
3968:Liberty Fund
3966:
3950:
3942:
3935:. Retrieved
3919:
3915:
3902:
3877:
3869:
3858:
3846:
3819:
3738:
3730:
3725:
3708:wage slavery
3702:
3562:Anti-statism
3552:Anti-fascism
3405:South Africa
3023:Wage slavery
2988:Gift economy
2879:
2840:Anarcho-punk
2827:
2703:
2592:Love and sex
2480:Pi i Margall
2144:Deep ecology
2079:Anationalism
2022:Relationship
1955:Collectivist
1911:Postcolonial
1739:
1725:
1691:Labour power
1481:(CGT, Spain)
1236:Wage slavery
1224:
1219:
1209:
1202:
1193:
1186:
1177:
1170:
1161:
1146:
1140:January 2024
1137:
1117:
1093:
1088:
1082:
1076:
1070:
1065:
1059:
1054:
1048:
1043:
1037:
1032:
1026:
1021:
1015:
1010:
1004:
999:
993:
988:
975:Grounds for
926:
917:
912:
903:
898:
893:
884:
880:
875:
873:
868:
865:
860:
854:
849:
840:
827:
815:
810:
806:
800:
786:freight rate
768:charterparty
735:for each 60-
723:
657:
648:
638:
443:Work-to-rule
317:Trade unions
288:Six-hour day
273:Right to sit
238:Minimum wage
188:Child labour
183:Annual leave
109:New unionism
24:
20:
18:
6113:Historical:
5837:Resignation
5777:Termination
5760:Slow living
5728:Truck wages
5713:Labour camp
5641:Willingness
5533:Infractions
5188:Living wage
5131:Remote work
4799:Gold-collar
4754:Pink-collar
4749:Grey-collar
4739:Blue-collar
4706:Labour hire
4681:Cooperative
4645:Recruitment
4600:Job hunting
4533:Application
4515:Wage labour
4500:Labour hire
4453:Job sharing
3774:Labor union
3520:Periodicals
3420:Switzerland
3380:Puerto Rico
3365:Philippines
3330:New Zealand
3325:Netherlands
3195:El Salvador
3008:Mutual bank
2963:Cooperative
2892:Lifestylism
2694:Tragic Week
2597:Nationalism
2249:Somatherapy
2159:Freethought
2027:Syndicalist
2017:Platformism
1989:Methodology
1862:Primitivist
1706:Revisionism
1666:Corporatism
1574:Griffuelhes
1425:(1864–1876)
1345:Sorelianism
1340:Nationalist
1253:Syndicalism
1089:Termination
1077:Arbitration
977:termination
749:shipbuilder
660:city-states
540:South Korea
520:Netherlands
515:New Zealand
144:Syndicalism
114:Proletariat
94:Decent work
40:Terminology
6318:Employment
6313:Labour law
6307:Categories
6047:Wage curve
5854:Retirement
5767:Workaholic
5745:Work ethic
5612:Wage theft
5597:Labour law
5592:Evaluation
5577:Dress code
5342:Sick leave
5307:Child care
5269:Salary cap
5183:Income tax
5146:Shift work
5078:Time clock
5073:Sick leave
5068:Sabbatical
5033:Break room
5021:Attendance
4990:Profession
4975:Mentorship
4953:Retraining
4878:E-learning
4774:New-collar
4769:Red-collar
4716:Supervisor
4696:Internship
4615:Onboarding
4483:Technician
4478:Journeyman
4448:Gig worker
4414:Employment
4343:. ALA APA.
4252:References
4118:. p.
3979:. p.
3769:Labour law
3754:Employment
3592:Dual Power
3577:Autonomism
3572:Autarchism
3180:East Timor
3150:Costa Rica
3095:Bangladesh
3090:Azerbaijan
2865:Freeganism
2582:Capitalism
2375:Feyerabend
2244:Sociocracy
2214:Revolution
2179:Mutual aid
2109:Black bloc
2002:Illegalism
1619:Pelloutier
1594:Lagardelle
1569:Fitzgerald
1399:Mutual aid
1325:De Leonism
1270:Precursors
770:between a
753:ship-owner
641:employment
589:Labour law
398:Green bans
391:newspapers
283:Sick leave
278:Sabbatical
33:labour law
6234:Workhouse
6154:Busy work
5968:Recession
5832:Pink slip
5790:Dismissal
5653:Careerism
5247:Singapore
5225:Hong Kong
5088:Schedules
5007:Tradesman
4908:Licensure
4868:Education
4838:Avocation
4779:No-collar
4759:Precariat
4640:Probation
4595:Job fraud
4095:Hammurabi
4047:Hammurabi
4008:Hammurabi
3956:Hammurabi
3908:Hammurabi
3812:: allows
3810:Work visa
3790:in France
3632:Socialism
3582:Communism
3515:Musicians
3465:Venezuela
3400:Singapore
3335:Nicaragua
3260:Indonesia
3240:Hong Kong
3235:Guatemala
3080:Australia
3070:Argentina
3042:By region
2950:Economics
2936:Symbolism
2850:DIY ethic
2587:Education
2505:Santillán
2455:Malatesta
2425:Kropotkin
2405:Guillaume
2259:Squatting
2219:Rewilding
2154:Free love
2032:Synthesis
1967:Communist
1938:Christian
1933:Religious
1906:Mutualism
1800:Anarchism
1711:Socialism
1656:Communism
1564:Delesalle
1554:De Ambris
1491:IWW-Chile
1359:Economics
1315:Anarchist
1230:Criticism
1132:talk page
923:Structure
803:Roman law
680:home city
535:Singapore
490:Hong Kong
465:Australia
218:Equal pay
139:Communism
134:Socialism
6142:See also
6068:Workfare
5893:Turnover
5289:Benefits
5170:salaries
5126:Overtime
5116:Flextime
5048:Gap year
5043:Furlough
5012:Vocation
4995:Operator
4858:Coaching
4813:training
4691:Employer
4686:Employee
4590:Job fair
4468:Side job
4125:June 20,
4097:(1904).
4076:June 20,
4049:(1903).
4031:June 20,
4010:(1910).
3986:June 20,
3958:(1904).
3937:June 20,
3910:(1903).
3748:See also
3375:Portugal
3355:Paraguay
3315:Mongolia
3300:Malaysia
3145:Colombia
3125:Bulgaria
2870:Infoshop
2771:May 1968
2607:Violence
2602:Religion
2490:Proudhon
2450:Maksimov
2430:Landauer
2380:Giovanni
2330:Bookchin
2224:Sabotage
2056:Practice
2012:Pacifist
1972:Magonism
1894:Naturist
1852:Feminist
1818:Glossary
1792:a series
1790:Part of
1661:Copyleft
1614:Panunzio
1307:Variants
1245:a series
1243:Part of
1126:You may
950:benefits
706:used by
645:contract
530:Portugal
470:Barbados
428:Walkouts
403:Lockouts
253:Overwork
104:Timeline
50:a series
47:Part of
31:used in
29:contract
6118:U.S.A.:
5723:Peonage
5698:Slavery
5648:Boreout
5387:Karoshi
5337:Pension
5121:On-call
4826:Artisan
4510:Laborer
4284:2344920
4112:Chicago
3973:Chicago
3710:, e.g.
3622:Marxism
3470:Vietnam
3460:Uruguay
3445:Ukraine
3435:Tunisia
3385:Romania
3340:Nigeria
3320:Morocco
3270:Ireland
3250:Iceland
3245:Hungary
3225:Germany
3220:Georgia
3205:Finland
3200:Estonia
3185:Ecuador
3170:Denmark
3155:Croatia
3110:Bolivia
3105:Belgium
3100:Belarus
3085:Austria
3075:Armenia
3065:Andorra
3060:Algeria
3055:Albania
2897:May Day
2820:Culture
2621:History
2550:Yarchuk
2525:Tolstoy
2520:Thoreau
2515:Stirner
2510:Spooner
2475:Parsons
2400:Graeber
2390:Goldman
2350:Durruti
2335:Chomsky
2325:Bonanno
2320:Berkman
2315:Bakunin
2064:Anarchy
1960:Parecon
1916:African
1828:Outline
1823:History
1686:Fascism
1604:Monatte
1589:Jouhaux
1584:Janvion
1579:Haywood
1559:De Leon
1505:(ITGWU)
1429:IWA–AIT
1330:Fascist
793:⁄
779:⁄
726:Law 234
719:shekels
708:artisan
674:into a
664:Assyria
495:Ireland
485:Georgia
5822:Layoff
5372:Crunch
5230:Europe
5220:Canada
5208:Europe
4809:Career
4650:Résumé
4525:Hiring
4433:Casual
4298:
4282:
4169:result
3890:
3440:Turkey
3430:Taiwan
3415:Sweden
3395:Serbia
3390:Russia
3370:Poland
3350:Panama
3345:Norway
3310:Monaco
3305:Mexico
3295:Latvia
3275:Israel
3230:Greece
3210:France
3130:Canada
3120:Brazil
3050:Africa
2569:Issues
2555:Zerzan
2545:Warren
2530:Tucker
2500:Rocker
2495:Reclus
2485:Pouget
2465:Michel
2445:Makhno
2420:KĹŤtoku
2410:He-Yin
2385:Godwin
2370:Ferrer
2340:Cleyre
2305:Armand
2300:Alston
2292:People
2052:Theory
1950:Social
1943:Jewish
1889:Market
1884:Egoist
1634:Valois
1624:Rocker
1609:GarcĂa
1599:Larkin
1536:People
1487:(IWW)
1437:(FORA)
1079:
946:salary
940:(i.e.
818:worker
751:and a
745:vessel
741:bushel
730:shekel
711:guilds
702:, and
700:weight
696:volume
688:length
550:Sweden
525:Norway
500:Israel
475:Brazil
376:Hartal
5683:McJob
5203:World
5166:Wages
5028:Break
4674:Roles
4142:see,
4102:(PDF)
3963:(PDF)
3839:Notes
3505:Films
3495:Books
3483:Lists
3425:Syria
3410:Spain
3290:Korea
3285:Japan
3280:Italy
3255:India
3190:Egypt
3140:China
3135:Chile
2860:Films
2766:Provo
2535:Volin
2440:MagĂłn
2415:Kanno
2365:Faure
2360:Ervin
2355:Ellul
1928:Queer
1921:Black
1857:Green
1629:Sorel
1549:Berth
1443:(COB)
1335:Green
764:gerah
762:of 3-
757:ferry
739:(300-
668:Sumer
653:union
505:Malta
386:Bandh
5168:and
4811:and
4578:list
4296:ISBN
4280:SSRN
4127:2021
4078:2021
4033:2021
3988:2021
3939:2021
3888:ISBN
3884:1955
3786:and
3714:and
3360:Peru
3265:Iran
3160:Cuba
2845:Arts
2540:Ward
2470:Most
2460:Mett
1544:Bain
1210:The
942:wage
760:rate
704:time
692:area
686:for
666:and
480:Fiji
347:WFTU
342:ITUC
4701:Job
2776:LIP
2435:Liu
2345:Day
2174:Law
828:An
801:In
737:gur
670:by
662:in
23:or
19:An
6309::
4261:.
4146:,
4129:.
4120:95
4114::
4104:.
4080:.
4071:88
4069::
4065::
4057:.
4053:.
4024::
4014:.
3999:^
3990:.
3981:83
3975::
3965:.
3941:.
3932:85
3930::
3926::
3918:.
3914:.
3886:.
3735:,
2310:Ba
1794:on
1247:on
1166:.
948:,
743:)
721:.
698:,
694:,
690:,
53:on
4406:e
4399:t
4392:v
4378:.
4368:.
4360:.
4309:.
4286:.
4273:.
4159:"
4059:2
4035:.
3920:2
3896:.
3692:e
3685:t
3678:v
2917:"
2913:"
2905:"
2901:"
1776:e
1769:t
1762:v
1153:)
1147:(
1142:)
1138:(
1124:.
952:)
944:/
795:6
791:1
781:2
777:1
628:e
621:t
614:v
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
