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organization's success. EAP services include assessments, counseling, and referrals for additional services to employees with personal and/or work-related concerns, such as stress, financial issues, legal issues, family problems, office conflicts, and alcohol and substance abuse. EAPs also often work with management and supervisors providing advanced planning for situations, such as organizational changes, legal considerations, emergency planning, and response to unique traumatic events. EAP’s can reap benefits for agencies, employees, families and communities. Some of those aspects that we will be focusing on are: the improvement of productivity and employee engagement, improving employees’ and dependents’ abilities to successfully respond to challenges, developing employee and manager competencies in managing workplace stress, reducing workplace absenteeism and unplanned absences, supporting employees and managers during workforce restructuring, reduction-in-forces, or other workforce change events, reducing workplace accidents, reducing the likelihood of workplace violence or other safety risks, supporting disaster and emergency preparedness, managing the effect of disruptive incidents, such as workplace, injury, or other crises, facilitating safe, timely, and effective return-to-work for employees short-term and extended absences, reducing healthcare costs associated with stress, depression, and other mental health issues, reducing employee turnover and related replacement costs.
460:(NMCRS), is a program started by military members to help other members that have fallen into debt, and has expanded to also help service members reach educational goals. This society has helped many service members, as a service member can borrow up to 300 dollars without a reason, and more with a valid reason for either no interest or low interest depending on how much and how long they borrow for. The Navy-Marine Corps Relief Society has helped many members of the military when unforeseen problems arise. More information on the Navy-Marine Corps Relief Society can be found at:
336:. Employees typically have access to an EAP hotline 24 hours a day, so there is no need to wait to seek assistance. If an appointment with a medical professional or counselor is necessary, the employee can arrange to see one in just a few days. Because the employee can call anytime, they do not have to worry about calling from a work phone. You may also be able to minimize the cost of your health insurance plan, because employees can use the EAP to ward off stress-related illnesses, meaning fewer trips to the doctor.
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Service Plan Act of 1975. The state's
Department of Managed Health Care regulates these licensed plans and assists consumers with regard to grievances, access to quality care, and ensuring that the EAP has an appropriate level of tangible net equity to deliver services to plan members. Title 28, Rule 1300.43.14 of the California Code of Regulations allows EAPs without a Knox-Keene license to request an exemption if they solely refer callers to external services and do not provide the actual services themselves.
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experimental control groups, and lack of standardized measures as primary concerns. Proponents, however, argue that the consistency of positive findings across studies in different service sectors denote at least some positive effect of programs, even if the most effective components of such programs have not been determined. EAPs may also provide other services to employers, such as supervisory consultations, support to troubled work teams, training and education programs, and critical incident services.
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corporations, academic institution and/or government agencies are active in helping organizations prevent and cope with workplace violence, trauma, and other emergency response situations. There is a variety of support programs offered for employees. Even though EAPs are mainly aimed at work-related issues, there are a variety of programs that can assist with problems outside of the workplace. EAPs have grown in popularity over the years.
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services directly to service members and their families, but can also help send people to places in the community if there is a specific need. If someone is in need of assistance and is: an active duty service member, family member of a service member, a veteran, or family member of a veteran, they can find additional information about the assistance programs offered by
Military One Source on their website.
456:(TBI). There are several programs for families, and increasing assistance for dual military families, families in which both spouses are active duty military, as they have grown dramatically in number. Financial programs have been expanded as well, as payday loan establishments grew in popularity in the 2000s; and as a result, debt among military members has grown as well. The
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could be severely damaged if they do not seek effective measures to rectify such issues. An employer that provides an effective, full-service EAP can help both themselves and employees by lowering risk and liability, improving employee satisfaction, and especially decreasing the stress small business owners experience when managing numerous responsibilities with little support.
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with industry wanting to enter the EAP field. This though would also cause the effectiveness of the programs to come into question. The cutbacks began to affect the training of the EAP specialist and their effectiveness. The situations of workers also began to change at this time. People were also having to wait in lines, and were having to search for work due to the crisis.
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problems. In 1969, Senator Harold Hughes would introduce a bill called The Hughes Act. Sen. Hughes felt that there was a great lack of federal and state involvement in the treatment of alcoholism. In 1970, Congress would pass the
Federal Comprehensive Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Prevention Treatment and Rehabilitation Act creating the
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An EAP's services are usually free to the employee and their household members, having been prepaid by the employer. In most cases, an employer contracts with a third-party company to manage its EAP. Some of these companies rely upon other vendors or contracted employees for specialized services to
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Employee
Assistance Programs would see a significant shift during the economic crisis of the 1980s. During this time, the government was forced to create cutbacks for programs. This would cause for mental health public agencies, treatment centers, and private counseling firms to survive by partnering
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and the
Association of Labor and Management Administrators and Consultants on Alcoholism (ALMACA) helped to spread EAP concepts. They did this by distributing information, giving conferences and seminars, increasing the knowledge of professionals and the community. A number of treatment centers would
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There are a variety of employee assistance programs in the military, ranging from financial assistance programs, family counseling, depression, and transitional assistance programs. One of the largest military employee assistance organizations is
Military One Source. Military One Source offers both
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In most recent years, the services provided by EAPs have changed in their direction. With events occurring in the United States and around the world has caused for EAPs to rise and the need for them greater in the United States. EAPs have also been affected by technology, terrorism attacks, natural
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In the United States, California requires EAP providers who deliver actual counseling services on a pre-paid basis for more than 3 sessions within any six-month period to have a Knox-Keene license. This is a specialty license for psychological services and is mandated by the Knox-Keene Health Care
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Small businesses can especially benefit from EAP programs. Even though they may have fewer employees and may not see the need to implement an EAP program, small business owner's bottom line can suffer quicker due to decreased performance and productivity and workplace negativity. A small company
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In 1962, The Kemper Group introduced a program to address alcoholic rehabilitation and later expanded the program to address the needs of the families of their employees as well. Including the families broaden the programs services to deal with marital, emotional, financial, legal, and drug abuse
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One of the largest veteran employee assistance programs is the
Veterans Affairs (VA). The VA provides a variety of services to veterans including: health care, education assistance, transitional housing assistance, mental health, financial assistance, women veterans assistance, and career search
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In the last couple decades military employee assistance programs have expanded greatly. What started as alcohol assistance programs has grown to help people with financial issues, physical health, family health, and since 2000 mental health programs have expanded rapidly as more has become known
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Employees and their family members may use EAPs to help manage issues in their personal lives. EAP counselors typically provide assessment, support, and referrals to additional resources such as counselors for a limited number of program-paid counseling sessions. The issues for which EAPs provide
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Some studies indicate that offering EAPs may result in various benefits for employers, including lower medical costs, reduced turnover and absenteeism, and higher employee productivity. Critics of these studies question the scientific validity of their findings, noting small sample sizes, lack of
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EAPs have their origins in the late 1930s, and were formed out of programs that dealt with occupational alcoholism. During a time when drinking on the job was the norm, people began to notice the effects it had on job performance and productivity. This became a major issue for industrial jobs and
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Each
Federal Executive Branch agency has an Employee Assistance Program (EAP). An EAP is a voluntary, confidential program that helps employees (including management) work through various life challenges that may adversely affect job performance, health, and personal well-being to optimize an
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in the United States generally offers free and confidential assessments, short-term counseling, referrals, and follow-up services for employees. EAP counselors may also work in a consultative role with managers and supervisors to address employee and organizational challenges and needs. Many
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movement had begun to spread throughout the
Midwestern and Northeastern United States. People in “recovery" began to eagerly share their experiences with other workers. This would be the start of the EAP movement. Businesses also started to see the effectiveness of the programs through the
282:. States would then soon begin to follow suit and denounce public intoxication and began treating alcoholism as a disease. The NIAAA priority would be to begin researching and treating alcoholism. They were also focused on providing states with grants to hire and train EAP specialist.
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assistance. The
Veteran Affairs is a nationwide system that offers their services to all veterans who attained any discharge other than dishonorable. More information on Veterans Affairs can be found at:
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also grow after the passing of the Hughes Act. These centers have EAP specialist on site to help in the rehabilitation processes. It is not known the exact amount of treatment centers in the United States.
795:
Richard, Michael A., William S. Hutchison, and William G. Emener. 2009. Employee Assistance Programs: Wellness/Enhancement Programming. 4th ed. Springfield: Charles C Thomas, eBook Collection.
312:, EAP specialists have become more involved in incident debriefing and implementing plans during emergencies Providers began to report more on the workforce experiencing
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rehabilitation of their workers and the rise of productivity. These improvements sparked the thought of what other types of problems this program could address.
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The provision of employee assistance services has established business benefits, including increased productivity of employees, and a decrease in both
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supplement their own services, such as: financial advisors, attorneys, travel agents, elder/child care specialists, and the like.
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Quick Response: The first counseling session occurs within a few days, and a crisis is dealt with immediately.
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594:"EAP Treatment Impact on Presenteeism and Absenteeism: Implications for Return on Investment, Hargrave et Al"
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Appropriate Coverage: 24 hours a day hot-line with offices in towns and cities in which employees are located
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Direct Treatment: Referrals are made only when the patient requires another specialist or long-term care.
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Professional: Counselors are typically qualified psychologists, and are experts in human behavior.
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would become the main focus for correction with job-based alcoholism programs. By 1939, the
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disasters, disabilities act, and workplace violence. Since the events of
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Professional associations in the employee assistance program industry:
745:"Addiction in the workplace: how to talk to your employer about rehab"
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720:"Laws & Regulations - Committee on Privacy and Confidentiality"
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Direct Access: Employees call the psychologist's office directly.
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Confidentiality: The employer never knows who uses the service.
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In the 1970s, the Occupational Alcoholism Bureau formed by the
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Off-Site: Counseling takes place at the psychologist's office.
559:"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA)"
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National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA)
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National Institute on Alcoholism and Alcohol Abuse (NIAAA)
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Clark, Ann D. (2015). "Quality EAPs Carry Their Weight".
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major life events, including births, accidents and deaths
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571:(Richard, Hutchinson, Emener, 2009 & Masi 2011).
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580:(Richard, Hutchinson, Emener, 2009 & Masi 2011)
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452:about Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), and
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814:U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
693:(OCR), Office for Civil Rights (May 7, 2008).
840:Employee Assistance Professionals Association
177:The examples and perspective in this article
809:United States Office of Personnel Management
403:financial or non-work-related legal concerns
629:"EAP Effectiveness and ROI, Attridge et Al"
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55:Learn how and when to remove these messages
661:"Why Should a Small Business Have an EAP?"
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829:U.S. Department of Veterans' Affairs (VA)
233:Learn how and when to remove this message
215:Learn how and when to remove this message
152:Learn how and when to remove this message
824:Navy-Marine Corps Relief Society (NMCRS)
771:"Official website of Military OneSource"
482:Industrial and organizational psychology
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314:Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
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375:support vary, but examples include:
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287:National Council on Alcoholism (NCA)
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90:adding citations to reliable sources
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530:(Richard, Hutchinson, Emener, 2009)
406:family/personal relationship issues
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836:- Employee Assistance Association
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790:. Retrieved April 12, 2016
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695:"Your Rights Under HIPAA"
665:Fully Effective Employees
266:Alcoholics Anonymous (AA)
454:Traumatic Brain Injuries
409:work relationship issues
294:Economic crisis cutbacks
16:Employee benefit program
497:Workplace interventions
547:. September 14, 2011.
343:Benefits of EAP are:
724:community.amstat.org
197:create a new article
189:improve this article
179:may not represent a
86:improve this article
819:Military One Source
786:Masi, D.A. (2011).
680:Benefit Magazine 52
606:on October 20, 2016
385:occupational stress
881:Employee relations
667:. August 16, 2011.
541:"History of NIAAA"
507:Workplace wellness
390:emotional distress
310:September 11, 2001
856:Employee benefits
492:Work-life balance
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334:absenteeism
866:Counseling
850:Categories
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513:References
470:www.va.gov
205:March 2011
112:newspapers
41:improve it
871:Workplace
193:talk page
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