37:
368:
3338:
1495:
3395:
2278:
614:
In general, this elite group included only three to four men at a time. These were hereditary courtiers whose experience and background would have brought them to the pinnacle of a life's career. During Ninmyō's reign, this apex of the
508:. The first of what would become a powerful line of Fujiwara regents, Yoshifusa had numerous family ties to the imperial court; he was Ninmyō's brother in law (by virtue of his sister who became Ninmyō's consort), the second son of
538:): Emperor Ninmyō died at the age of 41. He was sometimes posthumously referred to as "the Emperor of Fukakusa", because that was the name given to his tomb.
425:
was the natural son of
Emperor Saga, and therefore would have been Junna's nephew. Shortly thereafter, Emperor Ninmyo is said to have acceded to the throne (
36:
724:
375:
2200:
1961:
2244:
2266:
3434:
2179:
2106:
2036:
2010:
59:
3383:
2081:
3373:
2123:
2259:
181:
2148:
1995:
455:(known posthumously as Kōbō-Daishi) died. This monk, scholar, poet, and artist had been the founder of the
2274:
1199:
3419:
3398:
3119:
2252:
2002:
198:
2287:
2223:
1471:
333:
277:
1521:
system for
Japanese words is used throughout Western publications in a range of languages including
2098:
3388:
3378:
3090:
226:
2017:
367:
3218:
3095:
1644:
1498:
1139:
478:
3026:
1935:
1914:
1911:
1771:
1764:
1590:
1587:
568:
446:
3183:
2119:
1530:
1264:
728:
673:
505:
501:
379:
3362:
2143:
2912:
2853:
1518:
1347:
491:, Tsunesada the crown prince was replaced with Ninmyō's first son, Prince Michiyasu (later
246:
2808:
8:
3429:
3424:
3223:
3208:
3198:
3085:
3070:
3060:
2942:
2927:
2922:
1718:
1460:
1166:
871:
Sada no Noboru (貞登), given the family name "Sada" from
Emperor (Shisei Kōka, 賜姓降下) in 866
417:): In the 10th year of Emperor Junna's reign, the emperor abdicated; and the succession (
3168:
3139:
3134:
3105:
3021:
2823:
2788:
1477:
3203:
3173:
3080:
3075:
3031:
3011:
2962:
2339:
2154:
Paris: Royal
Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland.
2055:
1291:
631:
548:
2967:
2591:
2581:
2487:
504:. It is supposed that this was the result of political intrigue planned by Ninmyō and
2828:
2818:
2813:
2758:
2183:
2175:
2155:
2129:
2110:
2102:
2077:
2042:
2032:
2006:
1075:
946:
812:
758:
603:
is a collective term for the very few most powerful men attached to the court of the
521:
352:
160:
139:
3277:
3228:
3178:
3065:
2863:
2798:
2659:
2586:
1891:
3358:
3213:
3045:
2977:
2972:
2947:
2868:
2833:
2778:
2282:
1522:
604:
434:
273:
44:
3365:
3238:
3233:
3006:
2932:
2803:
2753:
2684:
2679:
2669:
2664:
2601:
2561:
2497:
2477:
2467:
2414:
2408:
2398:
2378:
2373:
1698:
1015:
488:
3257:
3100:
2957:
2937:
2917:
2907:
2892:
2878:
2743:
2556:
2507:
2462:
2236:
2168:
2091:
1706:
1702:
736:
492:
174:
155:
82:
3016:
2858:
2611:
2482:
2457:
2344:
2304:
1694:
708:
3337:
3193:
3188:
2991:
2952:
2873:
2843:
2783:
2773:
2723:
2674:
2654:
2621:
2566:
2551:
2512:
2502:
2492:
2472:
2393:
2324:
2164:
2138:
547:
The years of Ninmyō's reign are more specifically identified by more than one
3413:
3272:
3243:
2848:
2793:
2768:
2748:
2733:
2718:
2689:
2616:
2606:
2596:
2576:
2571:
2522:
2517:
2433:
2403:
2388:
2383:
2334:
2329:
2319:
2216:
2046:
1991:
1760:
1690:
1502:
1466:
1042:
387:
72:
2838:
2728:
2703:
2536:
2442:
2358:
1940:
1921:
1597:
1102:
608:
517:
474:
293:
281:
236:
2076:(2nd (revised) ed.). North Clarendon, VT: Charles E. Tuttle Company.
875:
Court lady: Fujiwara no Katoko (藤原賀登子), Fujiwara no
Fukutomaro's daughter
617:
3350:
2763:
2639:
2187:
2114:
1494:
950:
883:
Court lady: Fujiwara no
Warawako (藤原小童子), Fujiwara no Michitō's daughter
816:
2159:
2026:
895:
Seventh/eighth
Daughter: Imperial Princess Hisako (久子内親王; d. 876), 18th
3346:
3153:
2133:
1482:
900:
804:
Court lady: Shigeno no
Tsunako (滋野縄子), Shigeno no Sadanushi’s daughter
715:
516:
In his lifetime, Ninmyō could not have anticipated that his third son,
834:): Tachibana no Kageko (橘影子; d. 864), Tachibana no Ujikimi’s daughter
686:
433:
Shortly after Ninmyo was enthroned, he designated an heir. He named
386:
Ninmyō ascended to the throne following the abdication of his uncle,
356:
1951:
Saikū Historical Museum, Meiwa, Mie: wall-display information table.
560:
412:
3321:
3311:
3282:
2060:[Emperor Ninmyō, Fukakusa Imperial Mausoleum] (in Japanese)
694:
626:
497:
460:
590:
576:
533:
452:
399:
3316:
945:
Twelfth
Daughter: Imperial Princess Takaiko (高子内親王; d. 866), 3rd
644:
495:) whose mother was the Empress Fujiwara no Junshi, a daughter of
456:
221:
896:
867:) (deposed in 845): Mikuni-machi (三国町), daughter of Mikuni clan
707:
Further information on terms related to imperial consorts:
891:
Court lady: Princess
Takamune (高宗女王), Prince Okaya's daughter
811:
Ninth Daughter: Imperial Princess Tokiko (時子内親王; d. 847), 2nd
325:
Ninmyō had nine Empresses, Imperial consorts, and concubines (
3296:
2277:
298:
332:
Emperor Ninmyō is traditionally venerated at his tomb; the
1909:
Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "Fujiwara no Otsugu" in
296:
and the Empress Tachibana no Kachiko. His personal name (
941:): Kudara no Yōkyō (百済永慶), Kudara no Kyōfuku's daughter
852:
Seventh Prince: Imperial Prince Tsuneyasu (常康親王; d. 869)
750:/Sawako (藤原沢子; d.839), Fujiwara no Fusatsugu’s daughter
848:): Ki no Taneko (紀種子; d. 869), Ki no Natora’s daughter
782:/Sadako (藤原貞子; d.864), Fujiwara no Tadamori’s daughter
404:): Received the title of Crown Prince at the age of 14.
329:); and the emperor had 24 Imperial sons and daughters.
437:, a son of former Emperor Junna, as the crown prince.
2201:
Poem #12, image of ceremonial event in Ninmyō's court
280:. Ninmyō's reign lasted from 833 to 850, during the
786:
Eighth Son: Imperial Prince Nariyasu (成康親王; 836–853)
763:
Fourth Son: Imperial Prince Saneyasu (人康親王; 831–872)
754:
Second Son: Imperial Prince Muneyasu (宗康親王; 828–868)
2029:, an interpretive history of Japan written in 1219)
1463:, a later emperor named in honor of Emperor Ninmyō
879:Sixth Son: Imperial Prince Kuniyasu (国康親王; d. 898)
808:fifth Son: Imperial Prince Motoyasu (本康親王; d. 902)
735:First Son: Imperial Prince Michiyasu (道康親王) later
2170:Jinnō Shōtōki: A Chronicle of Gods and Sovereigns
2090:Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005).
757:Third Son: Imperial Prince Tokiyasu (時康親王) later
312:. After his death, he was given the title Ninmyō
206:Yamato-neko-amatsumishirushi-toyosato no Mikoto (
3411:
907:Court lady: daughter of Yamaguchi clan (山口氏の娘)
520:, would eventually ascend the throne in 884 as
337:
265:
1905:
1903:
1827:
1747:
1668:
1655:
596:
344:
315:
305:
259:
207:
190:
99:
25:
3345:Unless otherwise noted (as BC), years are in
2260:
1786:
1784:
512:Fuyutsugu, and uncle to the new crown prince.
2366:
2312:
2031:. Berkeley: University of California Press.
1685:, pp. 283; Varley, p. 44; a distinct act of
3304:
1900:
1554:Emperor Ninmyō, Fukakusa Imperial Mausoleum
2267:
2253:
1781:
1549:
1547:
421:) was received by his adopted son. Masara
362:
145:
35:
2016:Brown, Delmer M.; Ishida, Ichirō (1979).
887:Imperial Princess Shigeko (重子内親王; d. 865)
542:
3265:
3161:
3127:
3053:
2999:
2900:
1493:
702:
366:
287:
2711:
1954:
1731:
1729:
1727:
1581:, pp.283–284; Varley, H. Paul. (1980).
1544:
1529:" is maintained even when followed by "
3412:
2647:
2544:
2450:
2120:Ponsonby-Fane, Richard Arthur Brabazon
1627:
1625:
1623:
1621:
1619:
1617:
1244:
1240:
1230:
1119:
1005:
1001:
666:, Tachibana no Ujikimi (橘氏公), 783–847.
648:, Kiyohara no Natsuno (清原夏野), 782–837.
2248:
2174:New York: Columbia University Press.
1585:p. 164-165; Titsingh, Isaac. (1834).
1407:
1404:
1394:
1382:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1352:
1345:
1335:
1322:
1312:
1308:
1296:
1289:
1279:
1262:
1252:
1248:
1224:
1214:
1197:
1187:
1183:
1171:
1164:
1154:
1137:
1127:
1123:
1107:
1100:
1090:
1073:
1063:
1059:
1047:
1040:
1030:
1013:
1009:
487:: Following a coup d'état called the
2072:Mason, R.H.P.; Caiger, J.G. (1997).
1997:Heian Japan, centers and peripheries
1858:Heian Japan, centers and peripheries
1770:; Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005).
1724:
1717:in the same year until the reign of
1525:. Unlike the standard system, the "
654:, Fujiwara no Mimori (藤原三守), d. 840.
1614:
640:, Minamoto no Tokiwa (源常), 812–854.
13:
3336:
2128:Kyoto: Ponsonby Memorial Society.
2054:Imperial Household Agency (2004).
929:Minamoto no Hikaru (源光; 846–913),
922:Minamoto no Masaru (源多; 831–888),
16:54th emperor of Japan (r. 833-850)
14:
3446:
2193:
2071:
2015:
1869:
1840:
1815:
1802:
1790:
1735:
1682:
1631:
1608:
1578:
698:, Fujiwara no Otsugu, ?–825.
3394:
3393:
2276:
2025:(a translation and study of the
1565:Ponsonby-Fane, Richard. (1959).
1485:covering Emperor Ninmyō's reign.
911:Minamoto no Satoru (源覚; 849–879)
1945:
1927:
1884:
1875:
1863:
1846:
1834:
1821:
1808:
1796:
1754:
1741:
1675:
1591:Annales des empereurs du Japon,
276:, according to the traditional
270:, 27 September 808 – 6 May 850)
2150:Annales des empereurs du Japon
1994:and Stacie Matsumoto. (2007).
1890:Heian period Imperial courts:
1818:, p. 289; Varley, pp. 171–175.
1662:
1649:
1637:
1602:
1572:
1559:
1511:
918:: Kudaraō Toyofuku's daughter
355:, as the location of Ninmyō's
349:, Fukakusa Imperial Mausoleum)
1:
3435:9th-century Japanese monarchs
2053:
1984:
1553:
682:, Fujiwara no Otsugu, 825–832
415:10, 28th day of the 2nd month
292:Ninmyō was the second son of
3368:is not traditionally listed.
2125:The Imperial House of Japan.
1968:(in Japanese). 30 April 2010
1896:of Ninmyō-tennō (in French)
1693:; and all sovereigns except
1567:The Imperial House of Japan,
536:3, 21st day of the 3rd month
7:
1766:A History of Japan to 1334,
1556:, Imperial Household Agency
1454:
991:Ancestors of Emperor Ninmyō
980:
338:
266:
10:
3451:
2003:University of Hawaii Press
1643:Julian dates derived from
1517:Spelling note: A modified
1242:
1113:
1003:
841:): Fujiwara Musuko (藤原息子)
706:
3334:
3295:
3256:
3152:
3118:
3044:
2990:
2891:
2702:
2638:
2535:
2441:
2432:
2357:
2303:
2296:
2233:
2221:
2213:
2208:
1872:, p. 284; Varley, p. 165.
1828:
1748:
1689:is unrecognized prior to
1669:
1656:
1611:, p. 282; Varley, p. 164.
1483:Japanese national history
1472:List of Emperors of Japan
1388:
1370:
1366:
1358:
1329:
1310:
1302:
1273:
1250:
1246:
1208:
1185:
1177:
1148:
1125:
1121:
1084:
1061:
1053:
1024:
1007:
719:) later Empress Dowager (
660:, Minamoto no Tokiwa (源常)
597:
473:): Diplomatic mission to
459:or "True Word" school of
345:
334:Imperial Household Agency
316:
306:
260:
242:
232:
220:
208:
191:
180:
173:
169:
138:
125:
111:
100:
92:
88:
78:
68:
58:
50:
43:
34:
26:
21:
2099:Harvard University Press
2056:
1772:"Fujiwara no Tsunetsugu"
1489:
584:
54:22 March 833 – 4 May 850
2020:The Future and the Past
1499:Japanese Imperial kamon
859:/Saneko (真子内親王; d. 870)
402:10, 4th month, 19th day
363:Events of Ninmyō's life
227:Imperial House of Japan
3341:
1990:Adolphson, Mikael S.,
1506:
1140:Fujiwara no Yoshitsugu
543:Eras of Ninmyō's reign
479:Fujiwara no Tsunetsugu
383:
3340:
1761:Sansom, George Bailey
1531:homorganic consonants
1497:
1292:Tachibana no Kiyotomo
1265:Tachibana no Naramaro
957:(from unknown women)
729:Fujiwara no Fuyutsugu
709:Kōkyū § consorts
703:Consorts and children
674:Fujiwara no Yoshifusa
506:Fujiwara no Yoshifusa
502:Fujiwara no Fuyutsugu
380:Rijksmuseum Amsterdam
370:
288:Traditional narrative
3374:Imperial family tree
1519:Hepburn romanization
1405:7. Taguchi Michihime
1348:Tachibana no Kachiko
339:Fukakusa no Misasagi
247:Tachibana no Kachiko
131:Fukakusa no misasagi
3384:Order of succession
1814:Titsingh, p. 124;
1719:Emperor Go-Murakami
1461:Emperor Go-Fukakusa
1167:Fujiwara no Otomuro
278:order of succession
3342:
2144:Nihon Ōdai Ichiran
2093:Japan encyclopedia
2074:A History of Japan
1915:Japan Encyclopedia
1852:Adolphson, Mikael
1776:Japan Encyclopedia
1681:Titsingh, p. 106;
1507:
855:Imperial Princess
822:Imperial Princess
796:Imperial Princess
789:Imperial Princess
766:Imperial Princess
725:Fujiwara no Junshi
632:Fujiwara no Otsugu
384:
378:, 1800 and 1805, (
372:Fujiwara no Junshi
3420:Emperors of Japan
3407:
3406:
3330:
3329:
3291:
3290:
3252:
3251:
3148:
3147:
3114:
3113:
3040:
3039:
2986:
2985:
2887:
2886:
2698:
2697:
2634:
2633:
2630:
2629:
2531:
2530:
2428:
2427:
2424:
2423:
2353:
2352:
2283:Emperors of Japan
2243:
2242:
2234:Succeeded by
2180:978-0-231-04940-5
2107:978-0-674-01753-5
2038:978-0-520-03460-0
2011:978-0-8248-3013-7
1881:Titsingh, p. 106.
1451:
1450:
1447:
1446:
1076:Takano no Niigasa
863:Court Attendant (
844:Court Attendant (
727:(藤原順子; 809–871),
353:Fushimi-ku, Kyoto
252:
251:
216:
215:
121:Heian Kyō (Kyōto)
3442:
3397:
3396:
3359:Imperial Consort
3356:
3302:
3301:
3263:
3262:
3159:
3158:
3125:
3124:
3051:
3050:
2997:
2996:
2898:
2897:
2709:
2708:
2645:
2644:
2542:
2541:
2448:
2447:
2439:
2438:
2364:
2363:
2310:
2309:
2301:
2300:
2291:
2281:
2280:
2269:
2262:
2255:
2246:
2245:
2224:Emperor of Japan
2214:Preceded by
2206:
2205:
2087:
2068:
2066:
2065:
2050:
2030:
1978:
1977:
1975:
1973:
1958:
1952:
1949:
1943:
1931:
1925:
1907:
1898:
1888:
1882:
1879:
1873:
1870:Brown and Ishida
1867:
1861:
1850:
1844:
1841:Brown and Ishida
1838:
1832:
1831:
1830:
1825:
1819:
1816:Brown and Ishida
1812:
1806:
1803:Mason and Caiger
1800:
1794:
1791:Mason and Caiger
1788:
1779:
1758:
1752:
1751:
1750:
1745:
1739:
1736:Brown and Ishida
1733:
1722:
1683:Brown and Ishida
1679:
1673:
1672:
1671:
1666:
1660:
1659:
1658:
1653:
1647:
1641:
1635:
1632:Brown and Ishida
1629:
1612:
1609:Brown and Ishida
1606:
1600:
1579:Brown and Ishida
1576:
1570:
1563:
1557:
1551:
1542:
1515:
1478:Shoku Nihon Kōki
997:
996:
988:
987:
676:(藤原良房), 804–872.
634:(藤原緒嗣), 773–843.
605:Emperor of Japan
602:
600:
599:
435:Prince Tsunesada
350:
348:
347:
341:
321:
319:
318:
311:
309:
308:
274:emperor of Japan
271:
269:
263:
262:
211:
210:
194:
193:
189:Emperor Ninmyō (
171:
170:
149:
118:
107:27 September 808
105:
103:
102:
45:Emperor of Japan
39:
30:
29:
28:
19:
18:
3450:
3449:
3445:
3444:
3443:
3441:
3440:
3439:
3410:
3409:
3408:
3403:
3354:
3326:
3287:
3258:Empire of Japan
3248:
3144:
3120:Azuchi-Momoyama
3110:
3091:Go-Tsuchimikado
3036:
2982:
2883:
2694:
2626:
2527:
2420:
2349:
2292:
2285:
2275:
2273:
2239:
2237:Emperor Montoku
2230:
2227:
2219:
2196:
2165:Varley, H. Paul
2139:Titsingh, Isaac
2084:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2039:
2024:
1987:
1982:
1981:
1971:
1969:
1960:
1959:
1955:
1950:
1946:
1932:
1928:
1908:
1901:
1889:
1885:
1880:
1876:
1868:
1864:
1851:
1847:
1839:
1835:
1826:
1822:
1813:
1809:
1801:
1797:
1789:
1782:
1759:
1755:
1746:
1742:
1734:
1725:
1680:
1676:
1667:
1663:
1654:
1650:
1642:
1638:
1630:
1615:
1607:
1603:
1577:
1573:
1564:
1560:
1552:
1545:
1516:
1512:
1492:
1457:
1452:
1227:Emperor Ninmyō
983:
965:(源冷; 835–890),
826:(柔子内親王; d. 869)
800:(平子内親王; d. 877)
793:(親子内親王; d. 851)
778:): Fujiwara no
746:): Fujiwara no
737:Emperor Montoku
711:
705:
690:(not appointed)
594:
587:
545:
518:Prince Tokiyasu
493:Emperor Montoku
365:
342:
313:
303:
290:
257:
205:
199:Japanese-style
197:
196:
188:
175:Posthumous name
165:
156:Emperor Montoku
143:
142:
134:
120:
116:
106:
97:
24:
23:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3448:
3438:
3437:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3405:
3404:
3402:
3401:
3391:
3389:Imperial tombs
3386:
3381:
3379:Imperial House
3376:
3335:
3332:
3331:
3328:
3327:
3325:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3308:
3306:
3299:
3293:
3292:
3289:
3288:
3286:
3285:
3280:
3275:
3269:
3267:
3260:
3254:
3253:
3250:
3249:
3247:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3219:Go-Sakuramachi
3216:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3165:
3163:
3156:
3150:
3149:
3146:
3145:
3143:
3142:
3137:
3131:
3129:
3122:
3116:
3115:
3112:
3111:
3109:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3096:Go-Kashiwabara
3093:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3057:
3055:
3048:
3042:
3041:
3038:
3037:
3035:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3003:
3001:
2994:
2992:Northern Court
2988:
2987:
2984:
2983:
2981:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2945:
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2895:
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2806:
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2796:
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2700:
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2692:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2651:
2649:
2642:
2636:
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2632:
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2628:
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2625:
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2619:
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2609:
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2599:
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2529:
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2526:
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2520:
2515:
2510:
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2500:
2495:
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2396:
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2327:
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2316:
2314:
2307:
2298:
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2272:
2271:
2264:
2257:
2249:
2241:
2240:
2235:
2232:
2220:
2215:
2211:
2210:
2209:Regnal titles
2204:
2203:
2195:
2194:External links
2192:
2191:
2190:
2162:
2136:
2117:
2088:
2082:
2069:
2051:
2037:
2013:
1986:
1983:
1980:
1979:
1953:
1944:
1926:
1899:
1883:
1874:
1862:
1845:
1833:
1820:
1807:
1795:
1780:
1753:
1740:
1723:
1674:
1661:
1648:
1636:
1613:
1601:
1583:Jinnō Shōtōki,
1571:
1558:
1543:
1509:
1508:
1491:
1488:
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1486:
1474:
1469:
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1120:
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1008:
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1002:
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992:
986:
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979:
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977:
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935:
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927:
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912:
905:
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888:
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880:
873:
872:
861:
860:
853:
828:
827:
820:
809:
802:
801:
794:
787:
772:
771:
770:(新子内親王; d.897)
764:
761:
755:
740:
739:
704:
701:
700:
699:
691:
683:
677:
667:
661:
655:
649:
641:
635:
586:
583:
582:
581:
573:
565:
544:
541:
540:
539:
514:
513:
482:
464:
431:
430:
405:
364:
361:
289:
286:
255:Emperor Ninmyō
250:
249:
244:
240:
239:
234:
230:
229:
224:
218:
217:
214:
213:
182:Chinese-style
178:
177:
167:
166:
164:
163:
158:
152:
150:
136:
135:
129:
127:
123:
122:
119:(aged 41)
113:
109:
108:
94:
90:
89:
86:
85:
80:
76:
75:
70:
66:
65:
62:
56:
55:
52:
48:
47:
41:
40:
32:
31:
22:Emperor Ninmyō
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3447:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3417:
3415:
3400:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3371:
3370:
3369:
3367:
3366:Empress Jingū
3364:
3360:
3353:
3352:
3348:
3339:
3333:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3309:
3307:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3294:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3270:
3268:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3255:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3166:
3164:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3151:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3132:
3130:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3117:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3058:
3056:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3043:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3004:
3002:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2989:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2905:
2903:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2890:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2716:
2714:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2701:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2652:
2650:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2637:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2549:
2547:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2534:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2455:
2453:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2431:
2417:
2416:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2371:
2369:
2367:290 BC–269 AD
2365:
2362:
2360:
2356:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2317:
2315:
2313:660 BC–291 BC
2311:
2308:
2306:
2302:
2299:
2295:
2289:
2284:
2279:
2270:
2265:
2263:
2258:
2256:
2251:
2250:
2247:
2238:
2229:
2225:
2218:
2217:Emperor Junna
2212:
2207:
2202:
2198:
2197:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2173:
2171:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2157:
2153:
2151:
2146:
2145:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2131:
2127:
2126:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2112:
2108:
2104:
2100:
2096:
2094:
2089:
2085:
2083:0-8048-2097-X
2079:
2075:
2070:
2059:
2052:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2034:
2028:
2023:
2022:
2019:
2014:
2012:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1998:
1993:
1992:Edward Kamens
1989:
1988:
1967:
1963:
1957:
1948:
1942:
1939:, p. 104, at
1938:
1937:
1930:
1923:
1920:, p. 208, at
1919:
1918:
1913:
1912:
1906:
1904:
1897:
1895:
1887:
1878:
1871:
1866:
1859:
1855:
1849:
1842:
1837:
1824:
1817:
1811:
1804:
1799:
1792:
1787:
1785:
1777:
1773:
1769:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1744:
1737:
1732:
1730:
1728:
1720:
1716:
1712:
1708:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1692:
1691:Emperor Tenji
1688:
1684:
1678:
1665:
1652:
1646:
1640:
1633:
1628:
1626:
1624:
1622:
1620:
1618:
1610:
1605:
1599:
1596:, p. 106, at
1595:
1594:
1589:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1575:
1568:
1562:
1555:
1550:
1548:
1540:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1514:
1510:
1504:
1503:chrysanthemum
1501:— a stylized
1500:
1496:
1484:
1480:
1479:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1467:Imperial cult
1465:
1462:
1459:
1458:
1443:
1441:
1439:
1437:
1435:
1433:
1431:
1429:
1427:
1425:
1423:
1421:
1419:
1417:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1410:
1402:
1401:
1398:
1397:
1392:
1391:
1386:
1385:
1380:
1379:
1376:
1375:
1362:
1361:
1356:
1355:
1349:
1343:
1342:
1339:
1338:
1333:
1332:
1327:
1326:
1320:
1319:
1316:
1315:
1306:
1305:
1300:
1299:
1293:
1287:
1286:
1283:
1282:
1277:
1276:
1271:
1270:
1266:
1260:
1259:
1256:
1255:
1238:
1237:
1234:
1233:
1228:
1222:
1221:
1218:
1217:
1212:
1211:
1206:
1205:
1201:
1200:Abe no Komina
1195:
1194:
1191:
1190:
1181:
1180:
1175:
1174:
1168:
1162:
1161:
1158:
1157:
1152:
1151:
1146:
1145:
1141:
1135:
1134:
1131:
1130:
1117:
1116:
1111:
1110:
1104:
1098:
1097:
1094:
1093:
1088:
1087:
1082:
1081:
1077:
1071:
1070:
1067:
1066:
1057:
1056:
1051:
1050:
1044:
1043:Emperor Kanmu
1038:
1037:
1034:
1033:
1028:
1027:
1022:
1021:
1017:
1016:Emperor Kōnin
1011:
999:
998:
995:
994:
990:
989:
985:
975:
971:
968:
964:
960:
959:
958:
952:
948:
944:
943:
942:
940:
932:
928:
925:
921:
920:
919:
917:
910:
909:
908:
902:
898:
894:
893:
892:
886:
885:
884:
878:
877:
876:
870:
869:
868:
866:
858:
854:
851:
850:
849:
847:
842:
840:
835:
833:
825:
821:
818:
814:
810:
807:
806:
805:
799:
795:
792:
788:
785:
784:
783:
781:
777:
769:
765:
762:
760:
756:
753:
752:
751:
749:
745:
738:
734:
733:
732:
730:
726:
722:
718:
717:
710:
697:
696:
692:
689:
688:
684:
681:
678:
675:
671:
668:
665:
662:
659:
656:
653:
650:
647:
646:
642:
639:
636:
633:
629:
628:
624:
623:
622:
620:
619:
612:
610:
606:
593:
592:
579:
578:
574:
571:
570:
566:
563:
562:
558:
557:
556:
554:
550:
537:
535:
530:
527:
526:
525:
523:
519:
511:
507:
503:
500:
499:
494:
490:
489:Jōwa Incident
486:
483:
480:
476:
472:
468:
465:
462:
458:
454:
450:
448:
443:
440:
439:
438:
436:
428:
424:
420:
416:
414:
409:
406:
403:
401:
396:
395:6 January 823
393:
392:
391:
389:
388:Emperor Junna
381:
377:
376:Teisai Hokuba
373:
369:
360:
358:
354:
340:
335:
330:
328:
323:
301:
300:
295:
285:
283:
279:
275:
272:was the 54th
268:
256:
248:
245:
241:
238:
235:
231:
228:
225:
223:
219:
203:
202:
186:
185:
179:
176:
172:
168:
162:
159:
157:
154:
153:
151:
148:
147:
141:
137:
133:(深草陵) (Kyoto)
132:
128:
124:
114:
110:
95:
91:
87:
84:
81:
77:
74:
71:
67:
63:
61:
57:
53:
49:
46:
42:
38:
33:
20:
3357:
3349: /
3344:
3343:
3305:1947–present
2913:Tsuchimikado
2854:Go-Shirakawa
2738:
2413:
2222:
2169:
2149:
2142:
2124:
2092:
2073:
2062:. Retrieved
2021:
2018:
1996:
1970:. Retrieved
1966:Reichsarchiv
1965:
1956:
1947:
1941:Google Books
1934:
1929:
1922:Google Books
1916:
1910:
1893:
1886:
1877:
1865:
1857:
1853:
1848:
1836:
1823:
1810:
1798:
1775:
1765:
1756:
1743:
1714:
1710:
1686:
1677:
1664:
1651:
1639:
1604:
1598:Google Books
1593:pp. 106–112.
1592:
1586:
1582:
1574:
1566:
1561:
1538:
1534:
1526:
1513:
1476:
1226:
1103:Emperor Saga
1078:(c. 720–790)
984:
973:
972:Minamoto no
966:
962:
961:Minamoto no
956:
938:
937:Court lady (
936:
930:
923:
915:
914:
906:
890:
882:
874:
864:
862:
856:
845:
843:
838:
836:
831:
829:
823:
803:
797:
790:
779:
775:
773:
767:
759:Emperor Kōkō
747:
743:
741:
731:’s daughter
720:
714:
712:
693:
685:
679:
669:
663:
657:
651:
643:
637:
625:
616:
613:
589:
588:
575:
567:
559:
552:
546:
532:
528:
522:Emperor Kōkō
515:
509:
496:
484:
470:
466:
445:
441:
432:
426:
422:
418:
411:
408:22 March 833
407:
398:
394:
385:
371:
331:
326:
324:
302:) was Masara
297:
294:Emperor Saga
291:
282:Heian period
267:Ninmyō-tennō
254:
253:
237:Emperor Saga
200:
183:
161:Emperor Kōkō
144:
130:
64:30 March 833
60:Enthronement
3224:Go-Momozono
3209:Sakuramachi
3199:Higashiyama
3086:Go-Hanazono
3071:Go-Kameyama
3061:Go-Murakami
2943:Go-Fukakusa
2928:Go-Horikawa
2097:Cambridge:
1962:"Genealogy"
1768:pp. 134-135
951:Kamo Shrine
817:Kamo Shrine
721:Tai-Kōtaigō
374:, print by
336:designates
117:(850-05-06)
69:Predecessor
3430:850 deaths
3425:808 births
3414:Categories
3204:Nakamikado
3174:Go-Mizunoo
3076:Go-Komatsu
3032:Go-Komatsu
2963:Go-Fushimi
2167:. (1980).
2141:. (1834).
2122:. (1959).
2064:2011-02-04
2001:Honolulu:
1985:References
1972:28 January
1933:Titsingh,
1829:嘉祥三年三月二十一日
1763:. (1958).
1738:, pp. 284.
1670:天長十年二月二十八日
1657:弘仁十四年四月十九日
1569:pp. 64–65.
901:Ise Shrine
621:included:
477:headed by
475:Tang China
209:日本根子天璽豊聡慧尊
3266:1868–1947
3162:1603–1868
3128:1573–1603
3054:1333–1573
3046:Muromachi
3000:1333–1392
2901:1185–1333
2829:Shirakawa
2819:Go-Reizei
2814:Go-Suzaku
2809:Go-Ichijō
2297:Legendary
2199:Hokusai:
2047:251325323
1778:, p. 211.
1645:NengoCalc
1634:, p. 283.
1533:" (e.g.,
1350:(786–850)
1323:13. Awata
1294:(758–789)
1267:(721–757)
1169:(760–790)
1142:(716–777)
1105:(786–842)
1045:(737–806)
1018:(709–782)
837:Consort (
830:Consort (
774:Consort (
742:Consort (
713:Consort (
687:Naidaijin
618:Daijō-kan
580:(848–851)
572:(834–848)
564:(824–834)
529:6 May 850
471:Jōwa 5-6
357:mausoleum
115:6 May 850
79:Successor
3399:Category
3322:Naruhito
3214:Momozono
3184:Go-Kōmyō
3169:Go-Yōzei
3140:Go-Yōzei
3135:Ōgimachi
3106:Ōgimachi
3027:Go-En'yū
3022:Go-Kōgon
2978:Go-Daigo
2973:Hanazono
2948:Kameyama
2893:Kamakura
2869:Takakura
2834:Horikawa
2824:Go-Sanjō
2779:Murakami
2712:794–1185
2231:833–850
2188:59145842
2115:58053128
2057:仁明天皇 深草陵
2027:Gukanshō
1917:, p. 208
1860:, p. 23.
1856:(2007).
1843:, p. 284
1455:See also
1202:(d. 784)
981:Ancestry
903:833–850.
695:Dainagon
638:Sadaijin
627:Sadaijin
549:era name
510:sadaijin
498:sadaijin
461:Buddhism
3317:Akihito
3101:Go-Nara
2968:Go-Nijō
2958:Fushimi
2938:Go-Saga
2918:Juntoku
2908:Go-Toba
2879:Go-Toba
2744:Montoku
2680:Shōtoku
2648:710–794
2582:Kōgyoku
2557:Bidatsu
2545:539–710
2508:Buretsu
2488:Yūryaku
2463:Nintoku
2451:269–539
2228:Ninmyō
2160:5850691
1936:p. 104.
1805:, p. 71
1793:, p. 69
1707:Fushimi
1703:Go-Toba
1539:shimbun
1535:shinbun
1523:English
1505:blossom
969:882–890
963:Suzushi
953:833–850
933:901–913
931:Udaijin
926:882–888
924:Udaijin
857:Shinshi
819:831–833
791:Shinshi
768:Shinshi
748:Takushi
680:Udaijin
670:Udaijin
664:Udaijin
658:Udaijin
652:Udaijin
645:Udaijin
607:in pre-
467:838-839
457:Shingon
423:-shinnō
146:more...
83:Montoku
3363:Regent
3355:
3278:Taishō
3229:Kōkaku
3194:Reigen
3189:Go-Sai
3179:Meishō
3066:Chōkei
2953:Go-Uda
2923:Chūkyō
2874:Antoku
2864:Rokujō
2844:Sutoku
2799:Ichijō
2784:Reizei
2774:Suzaku
2739:Ninmyō
2724:Heizei
2675:Junnin
2660:Genshō
2655:Genmei
2622:Genmei
2592:Saimei
2587:Kōtoku
2567:Sushun
2552:Kinmei
2513:Keitai
2503:Ninken
2493:Seinei
2473:Hanzei
2434:Yamato
2394:Suinin
2325:Suizei
2186:
2178:
2158:
2147:; ou,
2134:194887
2132:
2113:
2105:
2080:
2045:
2035:
2009:
1854:et al.
1705:, and
1537:, not
798:Heishi
780:Teishi
611:eras.
561:Tenchō
413:Tenchō
243:Mother
233:Father
126:Burial
96:Masara
3312:Shōwa
3297:Japan
3283:Shōwa
3273:Meiji
3244:Meiji
3239:Kōmei
3234:Ninkō
3081:Shōkō
3012:Kōmyō
3007:Kōgon
2933:Shijō
2849:Konoe
2804:Sanjō
2794:Kazan
2789:En'yū
2769:Daigo
2754:Yōzei
2749:Seiwa
2734:Junna
2719:Kanmu
2704:Heian
2690:Kanmu
2685:Kōnin
2670:Kōken
2665:Shōmu
2617:Monmu
2607:Tenmu
2602:Kōbun
2597:Tenji
2577:Jomei
2572:Suiko
2562:Yōmei
2537:Asuka
2523:Senka
2518:Ankan
2498:Kenzō
2478:Ingyō
2468:Richū
2443:Kofun
2415:Jingū
2409:Chūai
2404:Seimu
2399:Keikō
2389:Sujin
2384:Kaika
2379:Kōgen
2374:Kōrei
2359:Yayoi
2340:Kōshō
2335:Itoku
2330:Annei
2320:Jimmu
2305:Jōmon
1894:kugyō
1715:sokui
1711:senso
1709:have
1699:Yōzei
1687:senso
1490:Notes
974:Itaru
967:Sangi
947:Saiin
939:Nyoju
916:Nyoju
839:Nyōgo
832:Nyōgo
824:Jūshi
813:Saiin
776:Nyōgo
744:Nyōgo
716:Nyōgo
609:Meiji
591:Kugyō
585:Kugyō
577:Kashō
553:nengō
534:Kashō
453:Kūkai
427:sokui
419:senso
400:Kōnin
351:, in
299:imina
222:House
201:shigō
184:shigō
140:Issue
73:Junna
51:Reign
3361:and
3017:Sukō
2859:Nijō
2839:Toba
2759:Kōkō
2729:Saga
2640:Nara
2612:Jitō
2483:Ankō
2458:Ōjin
2345:Kōan
2288:list
2184:OCLC
2176:ISBN
2156:OCLC
2130:OCLC
2111:OCLC
2103:ISBN
2078:ISBN
2043:OCLC
2033:ISBN
2007:ISBN
1974:2018
1749:承和二年
1713:and
1695:Jitō
1481:, a
1263:12.
1198:11.
1138:10.
1014:8.
976:(源効)
897:Saiō
865:Koui
846:Koui
569:Jōwa
447:Jōwa
261:仁明天皇
192:仁明天皇
112:Died
93:Born
27:仁明天皇
3154:Edo
2764:Uda
2182:;
2109:;
1774:in
1346:3.
1290:6.
1225:1.
1165:5.
1101:2.
1074:9.
1041:4.
949:in
899:in
815:in
723:):
555:).
485:842
451:):
442:835
346:深草陵
327:kōi
3416::
3351:AD
3347:CE
2101:.
2041:.
2005:.
1964:.
1902:^
1892:–
1783:^
1726:^
1701:,
1697:,
1616:^
1546:^
1541:).
672:,
630:,
598:公卿
524:.
429:).
390:.
359:.
322:.
317:仁明
307:正良
284:.
264:,
101:正良
2290:)
2286:(
2268:e
2261:t
2254:v
2226::
2172:.
2152:.
2095:.
2086:.
2067:.
2049:.
1999:.
1976:.
1924:.
1721:.
1527:n
601:)
595:(
551:(
531:(
481:.
469:(
463:.
449:2
444:(
410:(
397:(
382:)
343:(
320:)
314:(
310:)
304:(
258:(
212:)
204::
195:)
187::
104:)
98:(
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