673:
39:
493:
529:" to force trade with Japan. The Tokugawa shogunate, which had controlled military and civil affairs in Japan's feudal provinces for some three centuries, proved unable to meet the new challenge of open trade with the West. At the time, Emperor Kōmei still retained only symbolic power at his court in Kyoto. As the shogunate, divided by internal disputes, gradually surrendered sovereignty to the foreign powers under threat of military force, Emperor Kōmei began to assert himself and regain many of the powers his ancestors had conceded to the Tokugawa clan at the close of the
3446:
978:
3503:
425:
738:, which caused surprise because Kōmei had allegedly never been ill before. On 30 January 1867 he suffered a fatal violent bout of vomiting and diarrhea, and had purple spots on his face. Emperor Kōmei's death was distinctly convenient for the anti-bakufu forces whom Kōmei had consistently opposed. It was rumored at the time that he was assassinated either by radicals from Choshu, or radical officials in the court. British diplomat
338:
2386:
622:. The reception by Emperor Kōmei of the shogun in the Kyoto palace can be seen as a moment at which the political realm was thoroughly redefined, becoming a transitional imperial realm. This impression was enforced by the ensuing pilgrimage by Emperor Kōmei to the Kamo shrine, with the shogun in tow. This public demonstration showed that a new order had now emerged in the realm.
726:. Other incidents included the bombardments of Shimonoseki and Kagoshima, and the destruction of Japanese warships, coastal guns, and assorted military infrastructure throughout the country. These incidents showed that Japan could not match the military might of the Western powers at the time, and that military confrontation could not prove to be a diplomatic solution.
562:. Both the Emperor and his sister were against the marriage, even though he realized the gains to be had from such familial connections with the true ruler of Japan. Emperor Kōmei did not care much for anything foreign, and he opposed opening Japan to Western powers, even as the shogun continued to accept foreign demands.
743:
time. Nevertheless, by the time of
Emperor Kōmei's death the government was faced with bankruptcy and near collapse. Japan was also surrounded by colonial powers, who stood poised to gain considerable influence with substantial investments in Japanese trade. Kōmei's son, Imperial Prince Mutsuhito, was crowned as
588:
scholar/bureaucrat who might have been somewhat surprised to find himself at a crucial nexus of managing political change—moving arguably "by the book" through uncharted waters with well-settled theories and history as the only reliable guide. Hayashi Akira was dispatched from Edo to Kyoto in
October
579:
headed the bakufu delegation which sought advice from
Emperor Kōmei in deciding how to deal with newly assertive foreign powers. This would have been the first time the Emperor's counsel was actively sought since the establishment of the Tokugawa shogunate. The most easily identified consequence of
742:
wrote, "it is impossible to deny that disappearance from the political scene, leaving as his successor a boy of fifteen or sixteen , was most opportune". However, there is no evidence of this and it is generally believed that he was simply one more victim of what was a worldwide pandemic at the
700:
Emperor Kōmei was infuriated with nearly every development during his reign as
Emperor, and during his lifetime he never saw any foreigners nor did he know much about them. Unequal trade treaties with the Western powers, such as the Treaty of Kanagawa and the Harris Treaty were signed without
500:
Prince
Osahito was enthroned as Emperor on 10 March 1846 upon the death of his father. The succession was considered to have been received by the new monarch; and shortly thereafter, Emperor Kōmei is said to have acceded the throne. The years of Kōmei's reign correspond with a period in which
709:
sentiments, and, breaking with centuries of imperial tradition, began to take an active role in matters of state. As opportunities arose, he fulminated against the treaties and attempted to interfere in the shogunal succession. His efforts culminated in 1863 with his
880:
In general, this elite group included only three to four men at a time. These were hereditary courtiers whose experience and background would have brought them to the pinnacle of a life's career. During Kōmei's reign, this apex of the
617:
The pilgrimage of the 14th shogun
Tokugawa Iemochi to Kyoto in 1863 was a defining moment not only in 19th century relations between the military bakufu and the Imperial Court, but also in what history would come to call the
614:. Hayashi's twofold task was to both explain the terms to a sceptical Emperor and gain the sovereign's assent to it. Kōmei did ultimately acquiesce in February 1859 when he came to understand that there was no alternative.
396:. Emperor Kōmei did not care much for anything foreign, and he opposed opening Japan to Western powers. His reign would continue to be dominated by insurrection and partisan conflicts, eventually culminating in the
584:
and Kyoto during the next decade. Concerning these difficult
Imperial audiences in Kyoto, it is somewhat remarkable that the shogun and his bakufu were represented by Hayashi Akira, a 19th-century
701:
Imperial sanction and in spite of the
Emperor's refusal to approve them. He twice expressed his will to resign from his position in protest. During his reign he started to gain more power as the
714:". Although the Shogunate had no intention of enforcing the order, it nevertheless inspired attacks against the Shogunate itself and against foreigners in Japan: the most famous incident was
590:
661:. Those five cities were to be opened to foreign trade with the four Western nations in the treaties. In addition, the treaties stipulated that a system of
316:
877:
eras. Even during those years in which the court's actual influence outside the palace walls was minimal, the hierarchic organization persisted.
2352:
705:
declined, though this was limited to consultation and other forms of deference according to protocol. Emperor Kōmei generally agreed with
2374:
645:). The treaties stipulated that the citizens of those foreign nations would be allowed to reside and trade at will in the cities of Edo,
638:
3572:
3567:
2149:
1821:
1799:
1771:
1747:
1720:
68:
3542:
1846:
3577:
672:
3491:
3481:
1834:
1825:
2367:
268:
873:
is a collective term for the very few most powerful men attached to the court of the
Emperor of Japan in pre-
3547:
2382:
580:
this transitional overture would be the increased numbers of messengers streaming back and forth between
3582:
3527:
3506:
3227:
2360:
1712:
2395:
2334:
1903:
1869:
719:
711:
706:
358:
2141:
1813:
1739:
1789:
1143:
1093:
223:
3562:
3557:
3552:
3496:
3486:
3198:
2298:
1884:
760:
625:
After reluctantly accepting the Harris Treaty, Japan quickly signed similar treaties, called the
296:
199:
477:
38:
3326:
3203:
1519:
981:
818:
389:
3134:
2277:
1938:
492:
3291:
1830:
1529:
897:
790:
778:
184:
3470:
1791:
Japans
Kaiserhof in der Edo-Zeit: unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Jahre 1846 bis 1867.
3537:
3532:
3020:
2961:
1524:
927:
634:
534:
437:
2916:
8:
3331:
3316:
3306:
3193:
3178:
3168:
3050:
3035:
3030:
2137:
Negotiating with Imperialism: The Unequal Treaties and the Culture of Japanese Diplomacy.
2023:
1534:
822:
810:
802:
662:
44:
3276:
3247:
3242:
3213:
3129:
2931:
2896:
476:
and his consort Ōgimachi Naoko (正親町雅子). Osahito's Imperial Family lived with him in the
3311:
3281:
3188:
3183:
3139:
3119:
3070:
2447:
1953:
1911:
993:
806:
782:
702:
547:
518:
514:
401:
168:
127:
3075:
2699:
2689:
2595:
2936:
2926:
2921:
2866:
2145:
1817:
1795:
1777:
1767:
1761:
1743:
1716:
1267:
748:
715:
619:
405:
230:
3385:
3336:
3286:
3173:
2971:
2906:
2846:
2767:
2694:
1514:
1508:
826:
786:
781:. Also enshrined in this mausoleum complex are Kōmei's immediate predecessors since
3466:
3321:
3153:
3085:
3080:
3055:
2976:
2941:
2886:
2390:
1864:
1539:
1495:
1247:
814:
555:
522:
510:
502:
385:
377:
354:
123:
115:
53:
3473:
3341:
3114:
3040:
2911:
2861:
2792:
2787:
2777:
2772:
2709:
2669:
2605:
2585:
2575:
2522:
2516:
2506:
2486:
2481:
2327:
2003:
1452:
1177:
1082:
was the only one to survive to adulthood. Kōmei's principal consort was Asako Kujō
937:
907:
837:
830:
473:
306:
81:
3365:
3208:
3065:
3045:
3025:
3015:
3000:
2986:
2851:
2664:
2615:
2570:
2135:
2092:
2011:
2007:
1733:
1706:
1005:
844:
834:
572:
506:
261:
119:
3124:
2966:
2719:
2590:
2565:
2452:
2412:
1999:
851:, posthumous names were chosen in advance, being the same as their reign names.
665:
would provide for the subjugation of foreign residents to the laws of their own
3445:
3301:
3296:
3099:
3060:
2981:
2951:
2891:
2881:
2831:
2782:
2762:
2729:
2674:
2659:
2620:
2610:
2600:
2580:
2501:
2432:
2131:
917:
798:
794:
723:
678:
666:
650:
630:
626:
530:
361:. Kōmei's reign spanned the years from 1846 through 1867, corresponding to the
1078:
The family included six children, four daughters and two sons; but the future
559:
3521:
3380:
3351:
2956:
2901:
2876:
2856:
2841:
2826:
2797:
2724:
2714:
2704:
2684:
2679:
2630:
2625:
2541:
2511:
2496:
2491:
2442:
2437:
2427:
2344:
1995:
1874:
1751:
1729:
1724:
1471:
1273:
1187:
1106:
1079:
1001:
985:
848:
744:
585:
576:
413:
381:
238:
91:
1781:
2946:
2836:
2811:
2644:
2550:
2466:
1879:
1840:
1757:
1702:
874:
739:
533:("warring states") period. The Emperor's younger sister, Imperial princess
481:
409:
1852:
883:
774:
3458:
2871:
2747:
2153:
1803:
1057:
977:
642:
526:
3454:
3261:
424:
397:
366:
1041:
958:
362:
1008:) was selected and did not change until his death. There were seven
551:
99:
3429:
3419:
3390:
965:
944:
735:
658:
646:
992:
Emperor Kōmei was the last Japanese Emperor who had more than one
860:
3424:
951:
892:
747:
on 12 September 1868 and these issues were put to rest under the
722:, for which the Tokugawa government paid an indemnity of 100,000
291:
1186: • Adopted Son: Imperial Prince Mutsuhito (later
1065:
1017:
372:
During his reign there was much internal turmoil as a result of
337:
1272: • Second Son: Imperial Prince Mutsuhito (later
1049:
429:
393:
326:
3404:
2385:
1033:
1000:) during a single ruling term. Beginning with his successor,
847:
chosen after his death. Beginning with the reign of his son,
472:. Osahito was born on 22 July 1831 and was the fourth son of
442:
373:
164:
1708:
A History of Japan, 1582–1941: Internal and External Worlds.
695:
2067:
A History of Japan, 1582–1941: Internal and External Worlds
1025:
654:
1182: • First Daughter: Imperial Princess Yoriko
349:(22 July 1831 – 30 January 1867), posthumously honored as
1092:. After Kōmei's death in 1867, Asako was given the title
1004:, a single era name (identical to the Emperor's eventual
581:
1763:
Emperor of Japan : Meiji and his world, 1852-1912
840:
is also entombed at this Imperial mausoleum complex.
629:(also known as the Ansei Five-Power Treaties, with
565:
1808:Nussbaum, Louis Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005).
843:Emperor Kōmei was the last Emperor to be given a
3519:
2279:Emperor of Japan: Meiji and His World, 1852–1912
1304: • Fourth Daughter: Princess Rie
1184: • Second daughter: Princess Fuki
1302: • Third Daughter: Princess Suma
734:In January 1867 the Emperor was diagnosed with
601:
392:of Japan to western nations, ending a 220-year
196:
1683:
1666:
1625:
1590:
1555:
1476:
1437:
1402:
1338:
1312:
1284:
1252:
1224:
1162:
1148:
1098:
1085:
866:
766:
684:
595:
539:
465:
452:
277:
207:
147:
27:
3453:Unless otherwise noted (as BC), years are in
2368:
1922:
2474:
2420:
388:in 1853 and 1854, and the subsequent forced
3412:
2375:
2361:
37:
1990:Ponsonby-Fane, p. 123. A distinct act of
761:Nochi no Tsukinowa no Higashi no misasagi
758:was enshrined in the Imperial mausoleum,
3373:
3269:
3235:
3161:
3107:
3008:
2196:Sakamoto Ryoma and the Meiji Restoration
2052:Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric et al. (2005).
976:
972:
671:
491:
423:
2819:
1931:
1897:
1766:. New York: Columbia University Press.
1242: • First Son: Myōkōgein
3520:
2755:
2652:
2558:
1831:Ponsonby-Fane, Richard Arthur Brabazon
669:instead of the Japanese legal system.
496:Enthronement ceremony of Emperor Kōmei
2356:
2182:
1756:
2022:in the same year until the reign of
1946:
729:
517:were leaders at the pinnacle of the
13:
3444:
1954:"Japan:Memoirs of a Secret Empire"
1851:Kyoto: Ponsonby Memorial Society.
1839:Kyoto: Ponsonby Memorial Society.
560:Movement to Unite Court and Bakufu
16:Emperor of Japan from 1846 to 1867
14:
3594:
1848:Kyoto: the Old Capital, 794–1869.
754:After Kōmei's death in 1867, his
589:1858 to explain the terms of the
3502:
3501:
2384:
2339:10 March 1846 – 30 January 1867
2198:Footnote, p. 282. Janen Marius.
2080:Kyoto: the Old Capital, 794–1869
2078:Ponsonby-Fane, Richard. (1956).
1940:Japans Kaiserhof in der Edo-Zeit
1923:Ponsonby-Fane, Richard. (1959).
1645:
1642:
1610:
1607:
1575:
1572:
1459:
1456:
1422:
1419:
436:Before Kōmei's accession to the
404:shortly after his death and the
336:
200:Nochi no tsuki no wa no misasagi
2270:
2257:
2244:
2231:
2218:
2205:
2188:
2176:
2167:
2158:
2125:
2116:
2107:
2098:
2085:
2072:
2059:
2046:
1890:
696:The "Order to Expel Barbarians"
566:Consultation with the shogunate
357:, according to the traditional
63:10 March 1846 – 30 January 1867
3573:19th-century Japanese monarchs
2037:
1984:
1971:
1916:
1674:
1659:
521:. On 8 July 1853 US Commodore
1:
3568:Deaths from smallpox in Japan
1696:
1196:
676:An 1861 image expressing the
419:
3476:is not traditionally listed.
1998:; and all sovereigns except
1836:The Imperial House of Japan.
1636:
1633:
1601:
1598:
1566:
1563:
1491:
1488:
1448:
1445:
1413:
1410:
1355:
1329:
1323:
1320:
1295:
1292:
1263:
1260:
1235:
1232:
1173:
1170:
1073:
604:Nichibei Shūkō Tsūshō Jōyaku
591:Treaty of Amity and Commerce
394:period of national seclusion
7:
1925:The Imperial House of Japan
1858:
1735:The Making of Modern Japan.
602:
197:
187:, Kyoto, Tokugawa Shogunate
10:
3599:
3543:People of Edo-period Japan
2200:The Making of Modern Japan
1937:Meyer, Eva-Maria. (1999).
1788:Meyer, Eva-Maria. (1999).
1713:Cambridge University Press
245:
3578:Sons of Japanese emperors
3442:
3403:
3364:
3260:
3226:
3152:
3098:
2999:
2810:
2746:
2643:
2549:
2540:
2465:
2411:
2404:
2341:
2332:
2324:
2319:
2292:
2030:Varley, H. Paul. (1980).
1994:is unrecognized prior to
1904:Imperial Household Agency
1870:List of Emperors of Japan
1667:
1626:
1591:
1556:
1477:
1472:Imperial Prince Mutsuhito
1438:
1403:
1339:
1313:
1285:
1253:
1225:
1163:
1149:
1112:
1099:
1086:
867:
767:
720:Charles Lennox Richardson
712:Order to expel barbarians
689:, "Expel the Barbarians")
685:
596:
540:
466:
453:
432:of Japanese Emperor Kōmei
412:of his son and successor
332:
322:
312:
302:
290:
278:
267:
260:
256:
229:
219:
208:
191:
174:
148:
140:
136:
97:
87:
77:
67:
59:
52:
36:
28:
23:
2142:Harvard University Press
1814:Harvard University Press
1740:Harvard University Press
1652:
1434:Imperial Princess Yoriko
1362:
854:
487:
408:in the beginning of the
2299:Imperial House of Japan
2276:Keene, Donald. (2002).
1885:Tsuki no wa no misasagi
384:, which occurred under
297:Imperial House of Japan
43:Posthumous portrait by
3449:
1794:Münster: LIT Verlag.
1684:
1520:Princess Masako Takeda
1012:during Kōmei's reign.
989:
982:Imperial Seal of Japan
692:
497:
433:
3448:
2065:Cullen, L.M. (2003).
1485:(later Emperor Meiji)
1158:Empress Dowager Eishō
1094:Empress Dowager Eishō
980:
973:Eras of Kōmei's reign
898:Takatsukasa Masamichi
779:Higashiyama-ku, Kyoto
675:
546:, was married to the
495:
440:, his personal name (
427:
185:Kyoto Imperial Palace
3482:Imperial family tree
1845:__________. (1956).
1525:Fusako Kitashirakawa
928:Takatsukasa Sukehiro
610:, also known as the
570:On 22 January 1858,
535:Kazu-no-Miya Chikako
438:Chrysanthemum Throne
144:Osahito, Prince Hiro
3548:People of Bakumatsu
3492:Order of succession
2164:Jansen, pp. 314–315
2024:Emperor Go-Murakami
1927:. pp. 123–135.
1810:Japan Encyclopedia.
1535:Toshiko Higashikuni
663:extraterritoriality
378:first major contact
359:order of succession
3450:
2132:Auslin, Michael R.
2054:Japan encyclopedia
1538: •
1533: •
1528: •
1523: •
1518: •
1513: •
990:
783:Emperor Go-Mizunoo
718:of British trader
703:Tokugawa shogunate
693:
525:arrived with his "
519:Tokugawa shogunate
515:Tokugawa Yoshinobu
498:
459:and his title was
434:
402:Tokugawa shogunate
169:Tokugawa Shogunate
128:Tokugawa Yoshinobu
3583:People from Kyoto
3528:Emperors of Japan
3515:
3514:
3438:
3437:
3399:
3398:
3360:
3359:
3256:
3255:
3222:
3221:
3148:
3147:
3094:
3093:
2995:
2994:
2806:
2805:
2742:
2741:
2738:
2737:
2639:
2638:
2536:
2535:
2532:
2531:
2461:
2460:
2391:Emperors of Japan
2351:
2350:
2342:Succeeded by
2185:, pp. 94–96.
2150:978-0-674-01521-0
1822:978-0-674-01753-5
1800:978-3-8258-3939-0
1773:978-0-231-12340-2
1748:978-0-674-00991-2
1730:Jansen, Marius B.
1721:978-0-521-52918-1
1650:
1649:
1505:
1500:
1486:
1360:
1359:
1268:Nakayama Tadayasu
1194:
1193:
749:Meiji Restoration
730:Illness and death
620:Meiji Restoration
406:Meiji Restoration
344:
343:
286:
285:
3590:
3505:
3504:
3467:Imperial Consort
3464:
3410:
3409:
3371:
3370:
3267:
3266:
3233:
3232:
3159:
3158:
3105:
3104:
3006:
3005:
2817:
2816:
2753:
2752:
2650:
2649:
2556:
2555:
2547:
2546:
2472:
2471:
2418:
2417:
2409:
2408:
2399:
2389:
2388:
2377:
2370:
2363:
2354:
2353:
2335:Emperor of Japan
2325:Preceded by
2315:
2308:
2290:
2289:
2284:
2274:
2268:
2261:
2255:
2248:
2242:
2235:
2229:
2222:
2216:
2209:
2203:
2194:Jansen, Marius.
2192:
2186:
2180:
2174:
2171:
2165:
2162:
2156:
2129:
2123:
2120:
2114:
2111:
2105:
2102:
2096:
2089:
2083:
2076:
2070:
2063:
2057:
2050:
2044:
2041:
2035:
1988:
1982:
1975:
1969:
1968:
1966:
1964:
1950:
1944:
1935:
1929:
1928:
1920:
1914:
1901:
1865:Emperor of Japan
1785:
1703:Cullen, Louis M.
1690:
1689:
1687:
1678:
1672:
1671:
1670:
1669:
1663:
1631:
1629:
1628:
1618:
1596:
1594:
1593:
1583:
1561:
1559:
1558:
1548:
1503:
1498:
1496:Nakayama Yoshiko
1484:
1482:
1480:
1479:
1467:
1443:
1441:
1440:
1430:
1408:
1406:
1405:
1399:Prince Myōkōgein
1395:
1367:
1366:
1344:
1342:
1341:
1318:
1316:
1315:
1290:
1288:
1287:
1258:
1256:
1255:
1248:Nakayama Yoshiko
1230:
1228:
1227:
1201:
1200:
1168:
1166:
1165:
1154:
1152:
1151:
1117:
1116:
1104:
1102:
1101:
1091:
1089:
1088:
872:
870:
869:
772:
770:
769:
740:Sir Ernest Satow
690:
688:
687:
609:
607:
599:
598:
556:Tokugawa Iemochi
545:
543:
542:
511:Tokugawa Iemochi
503:Tokugawa Ieyoshi
471:
469:
468:
458:
456:
455:
355:emperor of Japan
353:, was the 121st
340:
281:
280:
258:
257:
249:
213:
211:
210:
204:
181:
161:
159:
153:
151:
150:
124:Tokugawa Iemochi
116:Tokugawa Ieyoshi
54:Emperor of Japan
41:
32:
31:
30:
21:
20:
3598:
3597:
3593:
3592:
3591:
3589:
3588:
3587:
3518:
3517:
3516:
3511:
3462:
3434:
3395:
3366:Empire of Japan
3356:
3252:
3228:Azuchi-Momoyama
3218:
3199:Go-Tsuchimikado
3144:
3090:
2991:
2802:
2734:
2635:
2528:
2457:
2400:
2393:
2383:
2381:
2347:
2338:
2330:
2314:30 January 1867
2309:
2303:
2302:
2295:
2288:
2287:
2275:
2271:
2263:Ponsonby-Fane,
2262:
2258:
2250:Ponsonby-Fane,
2249:
2245:
2237:Ponsonby-Fane,
2236:
2232:
2224:Ponsonby-Fane,
2223:
2219:
2211:Ponsonby-Fane,
2210:
2206:
2193:
2189:
2181:
2177:
2172:
2168:
2163:
2159:
2130:
2126:
2121:
2117:
2112:
2108:
2104:Cullen, p. 184.
2103:
2099:
2090:
2086:
2077:
2073:
2064:
2060:
2051:
2047:
2042:
2038:
1989:
1985:
1977:Ponsonby-Fane,
1976:
1972:
1962:
1960:
1952:
1951:
1947:
1936:
1932:
1921:
1917:
1902:
1898:
1893:
1861:
1774:
1699:
1694:
1693:
1681:
1679:
1675:
1665:
1664:
1660:
1655:
1623:
1619:Fourth Daughter
1616:
1588:
1581:
1553:
1549:Second Daughter
1546:
1540:among others...
1537:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1501:
1483:
1474:
1465:
1435:
1428:
1400:
1393:
1365:
1336:
1310:
1303:
1282:
1250:
1222:
1199:
1185:
1183:
1160:
1155:
1146:
1115:
1096:
1083:
1076:
1006:posthumous name
975:
864:
857:
845:posthumous name
835:Empress Dowager
764:
732:
698:
682:
667:consular courts
593:
573:Daigaku-no-kami
568:
558:as part of the
537:
507:Tokugawa Iesada
490:
463:
450:
422:
386:Commodore Perry
276:Emperor Kōmei (
275:
262:Posthumous name
252:
243:
215:
205:
183:
179:
178:30 January 1867
163:
157:
155:
154:
145:
132:
126:
122:
120:Tokugawa Iesada
118:
112:
111:
73:31 October 1847
48:
26:
25:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3596:
3586:
3585:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3565:
3563:1860s in Japan
3560:
3558:1850s in Japan
3555:
3553:1840s in Japan
3550:
3545:
3540:
3535:
3530:
3513:
3512:
3510:
3509:
3499:
3497:Imperial tombs
3494:
3489:
3487:Imperial House
3484:
3443:
3440:
3439:
3436:
3435:
3433:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3416:
3414:
3407:
3401:
3400:
3397:
3396:
3394:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3377:
3375:
3368:
3362:
3361:
3358:
3357:
3355:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3327:Go-Sakuramachi
3324:
3319:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3284:
3279:
3273:
3271:
3264:
3258:
3257:
3254:
3253:
3251:
3250:
3245:
3239:
3237:
3230:
3224:
3223:
3220:
3219:
3217:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3204:Go-Kashiwabara
3201:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3165:
3163:
3156:
3150:
3149:
3146:
3145:
3143:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3111:
3109:
3102:
3100:Northern Court
3096:
3095:
3092:
3091:
3089:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3012:
3010:
3003:
2997:
2996:
2993:
2992:
2990:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2823:
2821:
2814:
2808:
2807:
2804:
2803:
2801:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2759:
2757:
2750:
2744:
2743:
2740:
2739:
2736:
2735:
2733:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2656:
2654:
2647:
2641:
2640:
2637:
2636:
2634:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2562:
2560:
2553:
2544:
2538:
2537:
2534:
2533:
2530:
2529:
2527:
2526:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2478:
2476:
2469:
2463:
2462:
2459:
2458:
2456:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2424:
2422:
2415:
2406:
2402:
2401:
2380:
2379:
2372:
2365:
2357:
2349:
2348:
2343:
2340:
2331:
2326:
2322:
2321:
2320:Regnal titles
2317:
2316:
2296:
2294:Emperor Kōmei
2293:
2286:
2285:
2269:
2265:Imperial House
2256:
2252:Imperial House
2243:
2239:Imperial House
2230:
2226:Imperial House
2217:
2213:Imperial House
2204:
2187:
2175:
2166:
2157:
2124:
2115:
2113:Jansen (2002).
2106:
2097:
2084:
2071:
2058:
2045:
2043:Cullen (2003).
2036:
1983:
1979:Imperial House
1970:
1945:
1930:
1915:
1895:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1888:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1860:
1857:
1856:
1855:
1843:
1828:
1806:
1786:
1772:
1754:
1727:
1698:
1695:
1692:
1691:
1673:
1657:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1648:
1647:
1644:
1641:
1638:
1635:
1632:
1620:
1613:
1612:
1609:
1606:
1603:
1600:
1597:
1585:
1584:Third Daughter
1578:
1577:
1574:
1571:
1568:
1565:
1562:
1550:
1543:
1542:
1515:Emperor Taishō
1511:
1506:
1493:
1490:
1487:
1469:
1462:
1461:
1458:
1455:
1450:
1447:
1444:
1432:
1431:First Daughter
1425:
1424:
1421:
1418:
1415:
1412:
1409:
1397:
1390:
1389:
1386:
1383:
1380:
1377:
1374:
1371:
1364:
1361:
1358:
1357:
1354:
1351:
1348:
1345:
1332:
1331:
1328:
1325:
1322:
1319:
1306:
1305:
1300:
1297:
1294:
1291:
1278:
1277:
1270:
1265:
1262:
1259:
1244:
1243:
1240:
1237:
1234:
1231:
1218:
1217:
1214:
1211:
1208:
1205:
1198:
1195:
1192:
1191:
1180:
1175:
1172:
1169:
1141:
1137:
1136:
1133:
1130:
1127:
1124:
1121:
1114:
1111:
1075:
1072:
1071:
1070:
1062:
1054:
1046:
1038:
1030:
1022:
974:
971:
970:
969:
962:
955:
948:
941:
931:
921:
918:Konoe Tadahiro
911:
901:
856:
853:
819:Go-Sakuramachi
773:, which is at
731:
728:
724:pound sterling
697:
694:
627:Ansei Treaties
567:
564:
489:
486:
430:Imperial crown
421:
418:
342:
341:
334:
330:
329:
324:
320:
319:
317:Naoko Ōgimachi
314:
310:
309:
304:
300:
299:
294:
288:
287:
284:
283:
269:Chinese-style
265:
264:
254:
253:
251:
250:
241:
235:
233:
227:
226:
221:
217:
216:
195:
193:
189:
188:
182:(aged 35)
176:
172:
171:
142:
138:
137:
134:
133:
131:
130:
107:
106:
105:
103:
95:
94:
89:
85:
84:
79:
75:
74:
71:
65:
64:
61:
57:
56:
50:
49:
45:Koyama Shōtarō
42:
34:
33:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3595:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3541:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3526:
3525:
3523:
3508:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3479:
3478:
3477:
3475:
3474:Empress Jingū
3472:
3468:
3461:
3460:
3456:
3447:
3441:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3417:
3415:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3402:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3378:
3376:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3363:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3274:
3272:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3259:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3240:
3238:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3225:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3166:
3164:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3151:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3112:
3110:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3097:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3013:
3011:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2998:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2824:
2822:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2809:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2760:
2758:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2745:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2657:
2655:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2642:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2563:
2561:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2539:
2525:
2524:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2479:
2477:
2475:290 BC–269 AD
2473:
2470:
2468:
2464:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2425:
2423:
2421:660 BC–291 BC
2419:
2416:
2414:
2410:
2407:
2403:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2378:
2373:
2371:
2366:
2364:
2359:
2358:
2355:
2346:
2345:Emperor Meiji
2337:
2336:
2329:
2328:Emperor Ninkō
2323:
2318:
2313:
2306:
2301:
2300:
2291:
2282:
2280:
2273:
2266:
2260:
2253:
2247:
2240:
2234:
2227:
2221:
2214:
2208:
2201:
2197:
2191:
2184:
2179:
2170:
2161:
2155:
2154:OCLC 56493769
2151:
2147:
2143:
2139:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2119:
2110:
2101:
2094:
2088:
2081:
2075:
2068:
2062:
2055:
2049:
2040:
2033:
2032:Jinnō Shōtōki
2029:
2025:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1996:Emperor Tenji
1993:
1987:
1980:
1974:
1959:
1955:
1949:
1943:
1941:
1934:
1926:
1919:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1900:
1896:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1875:Imperial cult
1873:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1862:
1854:
1850:
1849:
1844:
1842:
1838:
1837:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1826:OCLC 48943301
1823:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1805:
1804:OCLC 42041594
1801:
1797:
1793:
1792:
1787:
1783:
1779:
1775:
1769:
1765:
1764:
1759:
1758:Keene, Donald
1755:
1753:
1752:OCLC 52086912
1749:
1745:
1741:
1737:
1736:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1725:OCLC 50694793
1722:
1718:
1714:
1710:
1709:
1704:
1701:
1700:
1686:
1677:
1662:
1658:
1640:Horikawa Kiko
1639:
1621:
1615:
1614:
1605:Horikawa Kiko
1604:
1587:Princess Suma
1586:
1580:
1579:
1569:
1552:Princess Fuki
1551:
1545:
1544:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1512:
1510:
1509:Masako Ichijō
1507:
1497:
1494:
1473:
1470:
1464:
1463:
1454:
1451:
1433:
1427:
1426:
1416:
1398:
1392:
1391:
1387:
1384:
1381:
1378:
1375:
1372:
1369:
1368:
1352:
1349:
1346:
1334:
1333:
1326:
1309:Imaki Shigeko
1308:
1307:
1301:
1298:
1281:Horikawa Kiko
1280:
1279:
1275:
1274:Emperor Meiji
1271:
1269:
1266:
1249:
1246:
1245:
1241:
1238:
1220:
1219:
1215:
1212:
1209:
1206:
1203:
1202:
1189:
1188:Emperor Meiji
1181:
1179:
1178:Kujō Hisatada
1176:
1159:
1145:
1142:
1139:
1138:
1134:
1131:
1128:
1125:
1122:
1119:
1118:
1110:
1108:
1107:Emperor Meiji
1095:
1081:
1080:Emperor Meiji
1068:
1067:
1063:
1060:
1059:
1055:
1052:
1051:
1047:
1044:
1043:
1039:
1036:
1035:
1031:
1028:
1027:
1023:
1020:
1019:
1015:
1014:
1013:
1011:
1007:
1003:
1002:Emperor Meiji
999:
995:
987:
986:chrysanthemum
984:— a stylized
983:
979:
968:
967:
963:
961:
960:
956:
954:
953:
949:
947:
946:
942:
939:
938:Nijō Nariyuki
935:
932:
929:
925:
922:
919:
915:
912:
909:
908:Kujō Hisatada
905:
902:
899:
895:
894:
890:
889:
888:
886:
885:
878:
876:
863:
862:
852:
850:
849:Emperor Meiji
846:
841:
839:
836:
832:
828:
824:
820:
816:
812:
808:
804:
800:
796:
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
763:
762:
757:
752:
750:
746:
745:Emperor Meiji
741:
737:
727:
725:
721:
717:
713:
708:
704:
681:
680:
674:
670:
668:
664:
660:
656:
652:
648:
644:
640:
639:Great Britain
636:
632:
628:
623:
621:
615:
613:
612:Harris Treaty
606:
605:
592:
587:
586:neo-Confucian
583:
578:
577:Hayashi Akira
575:
574:
563:
561:
557:
554:
553:
549:
536:
532:
528:
524:
523:Matthew Perry
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
494:
485:
483:
479:
475:
474:Emperor Ninkō
462:
449:
445:
444:
439:
431:
426:
417:
415:
414:Emperor Meiji
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
383:
382:United States
379:
375:
370:
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
351:Emperor Kōmei
348:
339:
335:
331:
328:
325:
321:
318:
315:
311:
308:
307:Emperor Ninkō
305:
301:
298:
295:
293:
289:
273:
272:
266:
263:
259:
255:
247:
242:
240:
239:Emperor Meiji
237:
236:
234:
232:
228:
225:
222:
218:
203:
202:
201:
194:
190:
186:
177:
173:
170:
166:
143:
139:
135:
129:
125:
121:
117:
114:
113:
110:
104:
102:
101:
96:
93:
90:
86:
83:
80:
76:
72:
70:
66:
62:
58:
55:
51:
46:
40:
35:
24:Emperor Kōmei
22:
19:
3465:
3457: /
3452:
3451:
3413:1947–present
3346:
3021:Tsuchimikado
2962:Go-Shirakawa
2521:
2333:
2311:
2307:22 July 1831
2304:
2297:
2278:
2272:
2264:
2259:
2251:
2246:
2238:
2233:
2225:
2220:
2212:
2207:
2199:
2195:
2190:
2178:
2173:Keene (2002)
2169:
2160:
2136:
2127:
2118:
2109:
2100:
2087:
2079:
2074:
2066:
2061:
2053:
2048:
2039:
2031:
2027:
2019:
2015:
1991:
1986:
1978:
1973:
1961:. Retrieved
1957:
1948:
1939:
1933:
1924:
1918:
1907:
1899:
1880:Heian Shrine
1847:
1835:
1809:
1790:
1762:
1734:
1707:
1676:
1661:
1622:Princess Rie
1530:Nobuko Asaka
1157:
1077:
1064:
1056:
1048:
1040:
1032:
1024:
1016:
1009:
997:
991:
964:
957:
950:
943:
933:
923:
913:
903:
891:
882:
879:
859:
858:
842:
759:
755:
753:
733:
707:anti-Western
699:
677:
624:
616:
611:
603:
571:
569:
550:
499:
482:Heian Palace
461:Hiro-no-miya
460:
447:
441:
435:
371:
350:
346:
345:
270:
246:among others
198:
180:(1867-01-30)
162:22 July 1831
108:
98:
69:Enthronement
18:
3538:1867 deaths
3533:1831 births
3332:Go-Momozono
3317:Sakuramachi
3307:Higashiyama
3194:Go-Hanazono
3179:Go-Kameyama
3169:Go-Murakami
3051:Go-Fukakusa
3036:Go-Horikawa
2140:Cambridge:
2122:Auslin, p.1
1841:OCLC 194887
1812:Cambridge:
1738:Cambridge:
1711:Cambridge:
1685:Kōmei-tennō
1502:Asako Kujō
1417:Bojo Nobuko
1335:Imaki Naoko
1221:Bojo Nobuko
1069:(1865–1868)
1061:(1864–1865)
1053:(1861–1864)
1045:(1860–1861)
1037:(1854–1860)
1029:(1848–1854)
1021:(1844–1848)
940:, 1863–1866
920:, 1862–1863
910:, 1856–1862
900:, 1823–1856
823:Go-Momozono
811:Sakuramachi
803:Higashiyama
716:the killing
643:Netherlands
527:Black Ships
363:final years
78:Predecessor
3522:Categories
3312:Nakamikado
3282:Go-Mizunoo
3184:Go-Komatsu
3140:Go-Komatsu
3071:Go-Fushimi
2183:Keene 2002
1912:孝明天皇 (121)
1891:References
1853:OCLC 36644
1833:. (1959).
1697:References
1570:Kujō Asako
1468:Second Son
1453:Kujō Asako
1197:Concubines
1144:Asako Kujō
887:included:
807:Nakamikado
641:, and the
420:Early life
390:re-opening
367:Edo period
224:Asako Kujō
158:1831-07-22
3374:1868–1947
3270:1603–1868
3236:1573–1603
3162:1333–1573
3154:Muromachi
3108:1333–1392
3009:1185–1333
2937:Shirakawa
2927:Go-Reizei
2922:Go-Suzaku
2917:Go-Ichijō
2405:Legendary
2267:, p. 334.
2254:, p. 125.
2228:, p. 335.
2215:, p. 423.
2082:, p. 324.
2069:, p. 178.
2056:, p. 502.
1963:11 August
1942:, p. 186.
1504:(Adopted)
1396:First Son
1074:Genealogy
959:Naidaijin
884:Daijō-kan
775:Sennyū-ji
691:sentiment
380:with the
333:Signature
88:Successor
3507:Category
3430:Naruhito
3322:Momozono
3292:Go-Kōmyō
3277:Go-Yōzei
3248:Go-Yōzei
3243:Ōgimachi
3214:Ōgimachi
3135:Go-En'yū
3130:Go-Kōgon
3086:Go-Daigo
3081:Hanazono
3056:Kameyama
3001:Kamakura
2977:Takakura
2942:Horikawa
2932:Go-Sanjō
2887:Murakami
2820:794–1185
2281:, p. 531
2241:, p. 17.
2134:(2004).
2091:Cullen,
2034:, p. 44.
1981:, p. 10.
1908:Kunaichō
1859:See also
1782:46731178
1760:(2002).
1732:(2002).
1705:(2003).
1385:Marriage
1353:Unknown
1350:Unknown
1347:Unknown
1327:Unknown
1299:Unknown
1239:Unknown
1120:Position
994:era name
966:Dainagon
945:Sadaijin
815:Momozono
791:Go-Kōmyō
736:smallpox
659:Yokohama
647:Nagasaki
597:日米修好通商条約
548:Tokugawa
398:collapse
323:Religion
109:See list
3425:Akihito
3209:Go-Nara
3076:Go-Nijō
3066:Fushimi
3046:Go-Saga
3026:Juntoku
3016:Go-Toba
2987:Go-Toba
2852:Montoku
2788:Shōtoku
2756:710–794
2690:Kōgyoku
2665:Bidatsu
2653:539–710
2616:Buretsu
2596:Yūryaku
2571:Nintoku
2559:269–539
2202:p. 324.
2093:pp. 173
2012:Fushimi
2008:Go-Toba
1499:(Birth)
988:blossom
952:Udaijin
934:Kampaku
924:Kampaku
914:Kampaku
904:Kampaku
893:Kampaku
651:Niigata
541:和宮親子内親王
531:Sengoku
480:of the
448:Osahito
400:of the
365:of the
347:Osahito
214:, Kyoto
100:Shōguns
3471:Regent
3463:
3386:Taishō
3337:Kōkaku
3302:Reigen
3297:Go-Sai
3287:Meishō
3174:Chōkei
3061:Go-Uda
3031:Chūkyō
2982:Antoku
2972:Rokujō
2952:Sutoku
2907:Ichijō
2892:Reizei
2882:Suzaku
2847:Ninmyō
2832:Heizei
2783:Junnin
2768:Genshō
2763:Genmei
2730:Genmei
2700:Saimei
2695:Kōtoku
2675:Sushun
2660:Kinmei
2621:Keitai
2611:Ninken
2601:Seinei
2581:Hanzei
2542:Yamato
2502:Suinin
2433:Suizei
2310:
2148:
2010:, and
1820:
1798:
1780:
1770:
1746:
1719:
1388:Issue
1382:Mother
1370:Status
1216:Issue
1213:Father
1156:later
1135:Issue
1132:Father
1113:Spouse
1050:Bunkyū
1042:Man'en
930:, 1863
827:Kōkaku
799:Reigen
795:Go-Sai
787:Meishō
768:後月輪東山陵
635:France
631:Russia
552:shōgun
513:, and
446:) was
327:Shinto
313:Mother
303:Father
220:Spouse
209:後月輪東山陵
192:Burial
149:煕宮統仁親王
47:, 1902
3420:Shōwa
3405:Japan
3391:Shōwa
3381:Meiji
3352:Meiji
3347:Kōmei
3342:Ninkō
3189:Shōkō
3120:Kōmyō
3115:Kōgon
3041:Shijō
2957:Konoe
2912:Sanjō
2902:Kazan
2897:En'yū
2877:Daigo
2862:Yōzei
2857:Seiwa
2842:Junna
2827:Kanmu
2812:Heian
2798:Kanmu
2793:Kōnin
2778:Kōken
2773:Shōmu
2725:Monmu
2715:Tenmu
2710:Kōbun
2705:Tenji
2685:Jomei
2680:Suiko
2670:Yōmei
2645:Asuka
2631:Senka
2626:Ankan
2606:Kenzō
2586:Ingyō
2576:Richū
2551:Kofun
2523:Jingū
2517:Chūai
2512:Seimu
2507:Keikō
2497:Sujin
2492:Kaika
2487:Kōgen
2482:Kōrei
2467:Yayoi
2448:Kōshō
2443:Itoku
2438:Annei
2428:Jimmu
2413:Jōmon
2312:Died:
2305:Born:
2095:-185.
2020:sokui
2016:senso
2014:have
2004:Yōzei
1992:senso
1653:Notes
1439:順子内親王
1379:Death
1376:Birth
1363:Issue
1356:None
1330:None
1210:Death
1207:Birth
1164:英照皇太后
1140:Nyōgo
1129:Death
1126:Birth
1100:英照皇太后
1058:Genji
1034:Ansei
1010:nengō
998:nengō
875:Meiji
861:Kugyō
855:Kugyō
838:Eishō
831:Ninkō
488:Reign
478:Dairi
443:imina
410:reign
374:Japan
292:House
271:shigō
231:Issue
165:Kyoto
92:Meiji
82:Ninkō
60:Reign
3469:and
3125:Sukō
2967:Nijō
2947:Toba
2867:Kōkō
2837:Saga
2748:Nara
2720:Jitō
2591:Ankō
2566:Ōjin
2453:Kōan
2396:list
2146:ISBN
2018:and
2000:Jitō
1965:2007
1818:ISBN
1796:ISBN
1778:OCLC
1768:ISBN
1744:ISBN
1717:ISBN
1680:孝明天皇
1637:1862
1634:1861
1602:1861
1599:1859
1567:1859
1564:1858
1492:1912
1489:1852
1478:睦仁親王
1449:1852
1446:1850
1414:1850
1411:1849
1404:妙香華院
1373:Name
1340:今城尚子
1324:1901
1321:1828
1314:今城重子
1296:1910
1293:1837
1286:堀河紀子
1264:1907
1261:1836
1254:中山慶子
1236:1850
1233:1830
1226:坊城伸子
1204:Name
1174:1897
1171:1835
1150:九条夙子
1123:Name
1087:九条夙子
1066:Keiō
1026:Kaei
1018:Kōka
829:and
756:kami
657:and
655:Kobe
428:The
279:孝明天皇
175:Died
141:Born
29:孝明天皇
3262:Edo
2872:Uda
2028:see
1958:PBS
1910:):
1592:寿万宮
1557:富貴宮
1105:by
777:in
679:Joi
582:Edo
376:'s
3524::
3459:AD
3455:CE
2152:;
2144:.
2026:–
2006:,
2002:,
1956:.
1824:;
1816:.
1802:;
1776:.
1750:;
1742:.
1723:;
1715:.
1668:統仁
1646:—
1627:理宮
1617:04
1611:—
1582:03
1576:—
1547:02
1466:02
1460:—
1429:01
1423:—
1394:01
1276:)
1190:)
1109:.
936:,
926:,
916:,
906:,
896:,
868:公卿
833:.
825:,
821:,
817:,
813:,
809:,
805:,
801:,
797:,
793:,
789:,
785::
751:.
686:攘夷
653:,
649:,
637:,
633:,
600:,
509:,
505:,
484:.
467:煕宮
454:統仁
416:.
369:.
167:,
2398:)
2394:(
2376:e
2369:t
2362:v
2283:;
1967:.
1906:(
1784:.
1688:)
1682:(
1643:—
1630:)
1624:(
1608:—
1595:)
1589:(
1573:—
1560:)
1554:(
1481:)
1475:(
1457:—
1442:)
1436:(
1420:—
1407:)
1401:(
1343:)
1337:(
1317:)
1311:(
1289:)
1283:(
1257:)
1251:(
1229:)
1223:(
1167:)
1161:(
1153:)
1147:(
1103:)
1097:(
1090:)
1084:(
996:(
871:)
865:(
771:)
765:(
710:"
683:(
608:)
594:(
544:)
538:(
470:)
464:(
457:)
451:(
282:)
274::
248:)
244:(
212:)
206:(
160:)
156:(
152:)
146:(
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