Empathy - Knowledge

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psychopaths' empathic reaction initiated the same way it did for controls when they were instructed to empathize with the harmed individual, and the area of the brain relating to pain was activated when the psychopaths were asked to imagine how the harmed individual felt. The research suggests psychopaths can switch empathy on at will, which would enable them to be both callous and charming. The team who conducted the study say they do not know how to transform this willful empathy into the spontaneous empathy most people have, though they propose it might be possible to rehabilitate psychopaths by helping them to activate their "empathy switch". Others suggested that it remains unclear whether psychopaths' experience of empathy was the same as that of controls, and also questioned the possibility of devising therapeutic interventions that would make the empathic reactions more automatic.

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personality disorder may show their emotions excessively, their ability to feel empathy is a topic of much dispute with contradictory findings. Some studies assert impairments in cognitive empathy in BPD patients yet no affective empathy impairments, while other studies have found impairments in both affective and cognitive empathy. Fluctuating empathy, fluctuating between normal range of empathy, reduced sense of empathy, and a lack of empathy has been noted to be present in BPD patients in multiple studies, although more research is needed to determine its prevalence, although it is believed to be at least not uncommon and may be a very common phenomenon. BPD is a very heterogenous disorder, with symptoms including empathy ranging wildly between patients.

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pretending to cry, the dogs oriented their behavior toward the person in distress whether it be the owner or stranger. The dogs approached the participants when crying in a submissive fashion, by sniffing, licking, and nuzzling the distressed person. The dogs did not approach the participants in the usual form of excitement, tail wagging, or panting. Since the dogs did not direct their empathic-like responses only towards their owner, it is hypothesized that dogs generally seek out humans showing distressing body behavior. Although this could suggest that dogs have the cognitive capacity for empathy, it could also mean that domesticated dogs have learned to comfort distressed humans through generations of being rewarded for that specific behavior.

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found that bonobos sought out body contact with one another as a coping mechanism. Bonobos sought out more body contact after watching an event distress other bonobos than after their individually experienced stressful event. Mother-reared bonobos sought out more physical contact than orphaned bonobos after a stressful event happened to another. This finding shows the importance of mother-child attachment and bonding in successful socio-emotional development, such as empathic-like behaviors. De Waal suggests the advantages provided to mothers who understand the needs of their children are the reason empathy evolved in the first place.

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assess parenting style and the Balanced Emotional Empathy scale. The study found that certain parenting practices, as opposed to parenting style as a whole, contributed to the development of empathy in children. These practices include encouraging the child to imagine the perspectives of others and teaching the child to reflect on his or her own feelings. The development of empathy varied based on the gender of the child and parent. Paternal warmth was significantly positively related to empathy in children, especially boys. Maternal warmth was negatively related to empathy in children, especially girls.

2739:“The greatest benefits we owe to the artist, whether painter, poet, or novelist, is the extension of our sympathies. Appeals founded on generalizations and statistics require a sympathy ready-made, a moral sentiment already in activity; but a picture of human life such as a great artist can give, surprises even the trivial and the selfish into that attention to what is apart from themselves, which may be called the raw material of moral sentiment.… Art is the nearest thing to life; it is a mode of amplifying experience and extending our contact with our fellow-men beyond the bounds of our personal lot.” 1002:-style numerical responses to a printed questionnaire that may have been designed to reveal the affective, cognitive-affective, or largely cognitive substrates of empathic functioning. Some questionnaires claim to reveal both cognitive and affective substrates. However, a 2019 meta analysis questions the validity of self-report measures of cognitive empathy, finding that such self-report measures have negligibly small correlations with corresponding behavioral measures. Balancing subjective self-perceptions along with observable behaviors can help to contribute to a more reliable assessment of empathy. 1722:) show emotional and physiological responding. Researchers found that in conditions where the chick was susceptible to danger, the mother hen's heart rate increased, it sounded vocal alarms, it decreased its personal preening, and its body temperature increased. This responding happened whether or not the chick felt as if it were in danger. Mother hens experienced stress-induced hyperthermia only when the chick's behavior correlated with the perceived threat. Animal maternal behavior may be perceived as empathy, however, 2521:

empathy, and in turn morality, are natural. These natural obligations include a greater empathic and moral obligation to family and friends and to those close to us in time and space. Our moral obligation to such people seems naturally stronger to us than that to strangers at a distance. Slote explains that this is due to the natural process of empathy. He asserts that actions are wrong if and only if they reflect or exhibit a deficiency of fully developed empathic concern for others on the part of the agent.

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chimpanzees was also observed, as with humans, chimpanzees showed the majority of comfort and concern to close/loved ones. Another similarity between chimpanzee and human expression of empathy is that females provided more comfort than males on average. The only exception to this discovery was that high-ranking males showed as much empathy-like behavior as their female counterparts. This is believed to be because of policing-like behavior and the authoritative status of high-ranking male chimpanzees.

2287:. Bloom points to the example of street children in India, who can get many donations because they are adorable but this results in their enslavement by organized crime. Bloom says that though someone might feel better about themselves and find more meaning in life than they give to the person in front of them, in some cases they would do less harm and in many cases do more good in the world by giving to an effective charity through an impersonal website. Bloom believes improper use of empathy and 1795:

the brain is able activate a network of the brain that is involved in empathy. There are two separate systems of the brain involved with the feeling of empathy: a cognitive system and an emotional system. The cognitive system helps an individual understand another's perspective while the emotional system enables our ability to empathize emotionally. The neuronal network that is activated controls the observers response to these emotional states thus prompting an empathetic response.

12792: 662: 14455: 866:: feelings of discomfort and anxiety in response to another's suffering. There is no consensus regarding whether personal distress is a form of empathy or instead is something distinct from empathy. There may be a developmental aspect to this subdivision. Infants respond to the distress of others by getting distressed themselves; only when they are two years old do they start to respond in other-oriented ways: trying to help, comfort, and share. 769:

empathy. On the other hand, if emotions are characterized by a combination of beliefs and desires, then understanding those beliefs and desires will be more essential to empathy. The ability to imagine oneself as another person is a sophisticated process. However, the basic capacity to recognize emotions in others may be innate and may be achieved unconsciously. Empirical research supports a variety of interventions to improve empathy.

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sympathizing with another's emotional state. The empathic person mirrors or mimics the emotional response they would expect to feel if they were in the other person's place. Unlike personal distress, empathy is not characterized by aversion to another's emotional response. This distinction is vital because empathy is associated with the moral emotion sympathy, or empathic concern, and consequently also prosocial or altruistic action.

12806: 13643: 93: 13637: 88: 2037:, a clinical neuroscientist also at the University of Southern California, one of this study's implications is that society may have to rethink how it judges immoral people: "Psychopaths often feel no empathy or remorse. Without that awareness, people relying exclusively on reasoning seem to find it harder to sort their way through moral thickets. Does that mean they should be held to different standards of accountability?" 12818: 1538:

prehistory, women were the primary nurturers and caretakers of children; so this might have led to an evolved neurological adaptation for women to be more aware and responsive to non-verbal expressions. According to the "Primary Caretaker Hypothesis", prehistoric men did not have such selective pressure as primary caretakers. This might explain modern day sex differences in emotion recognition and empathy.

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the empathic person must temporarily dampen their own sense of self in order to empathize with the other, and because the other seems to have a magnified and extra-cohesive sense of self, the empathic person may suffer from this and may "project onto others the self that they are lacking" and envy "that which they must give up in order to be able to feel empathy: a strong self".

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and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders" and that his conclusions are derived from personal experience alone. His conclusions have not been validated through clinical studies, nor have studies identified EDD as a separate disorder rather than a symptom associated with previously established diagnoses that do appear in the DSM-5.

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fictitious versions of the beliefs, desires, character traits, and context of another individual to see what emotional feelings this provokes. Or, an individual may simulate an emotional feeling and then analyze the environment to discover a suitable reason for the emotional feeling to be appropriate for that specific environment.

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characteristics in a manner that seems accurate and tolerable to the recognized person. This is a nuanced perspective on empathy which assists in the understanding of complex human emotions and interactions. Acknowledging subjective experiences highlights the need for balance and understanding when engaging in empathy.

1587:, which is primarily responsible for emotional regulation, can profoundly impact a person's capacity to experience empathy. People with an acquired brain injury also show lower levels of empathy. More than half of those people with a traumatic brain injury self-report a deficit in their empathic capacity. 1059:

other people's actions have goals. Toddlers sometimes comfort others or show concern for them. During their second year, they play games of falsehood or pretend in an effort to fool others. Such actions require that the child knows what others believe in order that the child can manipulate those beliefs.

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argues that a major flaw in contemporary business practice is a lack of empathy inside large corporations. He states that without empathy people inside companies struggle to make intuitive decisions, and often get fooled into believing they understand their business if they have quantitative research

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Investigators into the social response to natural disasters researched the characteristics associated with individuals who help victims. Researchers found that cognitive empathy, rather than emotional empathy, predicted helping behavior towards victims. Taking on the perspectives of others (cognitive

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is characterized by extensive behavioral and interpersonal difficulties that arise from emotional and cognitive dysfunction. Dysfunctional social and interpersonal behavior plays a role in the emotionally intense way people with borderline personality disorder react. While individuals with borderline

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with large samples of incarcerated psychopaths offers additional insights. In one study, psychopaths were scanned while viewing video clips depicting people being intentionally hurt. They were also tested on their responses to seeing short videos of facial expressions of pain. The participants in the

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for processing expressions of happiness are functionally intact in psychopaths, although less responsive than in those of controls. The neuroimaging literature is unclear as to whether deficits are specific to particular emotions such as fear. Some fMRI studies report that emotion perception deficits

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after the discovery of mirror neurons in monkeys that fire both when the creature watches another perform an action and when they themselves perform it. Researchers suggest that paying attention to perceiving another individual's state activates neural representations, and that this activation primes

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until around the age of four. Theory of mind involves the ability to understand that other people may have beliefs that are different from one's own, and is thought to involve the cognitive component of empathy. Children usually can pass false-belief tasks (a test for a theory of mind) around the age

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pioneered research in effective psychotherapy and teaching which espoused that empathy coupled with unconditional positive regard or caring for students and authenticity or congruence were the most important traits for a therapist or teacher to have. Other research and meta-analyses corroborated the

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Despite empathy being often portrayed as a positive attribute, whether or not the people who express empathy are viewed favorably depends on who they show empathy for. Such is the case in which a third party observes a subject showing empathy for someone of questionable character or generally viewed

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Apart from the automatic tendency to recognize the emotions of others, one may also deliberately engage in empathic reasoning. Such empathic engagement helps an individual understand and anticipate the behavior of another. Two general methods have been identified: An individual may mentally simulate

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when compared to control participants. In a second study, individuals with psychopathy exhibited a strong response in pain-affective brain regions when taking an imagine-self perspective, but failed to recruit the neural circuits that were activated in controls during an imagine-other perspective—in

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fMRI has been employed to investigate the functional anatomy of empathy. Observing another person's emotional state activates parts of the neuronal network that are involved in processing that same state in oneself, whether it is disgust, touch, or pain. As these emotional states are being observed,

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attempt to measure the neural basis for human mind-reading and emotion-sharing abilities and thereby to explain the basis of the empathy reaction. People who score high on empathy tests have especially busy mirror neuron systems. Empathy is a spontaneous sharing of affect, provoked by witnessing and

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Humans can empathize with other species. One study of a sample of organisms showed that the strength of human empathic perceptions (and compassionate reactions) toward an organism is negatively correlated with how long ago our species' had a common ancestor. In other words, the more phylogenetically

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Caroline Tisot studied how environmental factors like parenting style, parent empathy, and prior social experiences affect the development of empathy in young children. The children studied were asked to complete an effective empathy measure, while the children's parents completed a questionnaire to

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feelings of producing those corresponding movements or expressions oneself. Because empathy is rooted in our ability to imitate their painful experience, people with disorders that inhibit them from social understanding/connection may experience difficulty portraying empathy for others. These people

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The extent to which a person's emotions are publicly observable, or mutually recognized as such has significant social consequences. Empathic recognition may or may not be welcomed or socially desirable. This is particularly the case when we recognize the emotions that someone has towards us during

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The term Empathy Deficit Disorder (EDD) has gained popularity online, but it is not a diagnosis under the DSM-5. The term was coined in an article by Douglas LaBier. In the article, he acknowledges that he "made it up, so you won't find it listed in the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic

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Despite studies suggesting psychopaths have deficits in emotion perception and imagining others in pain, professor Simon Baron-Cohen claims psychopathy is associated with intact cognitive empathy, which would imply an intact ability to read and respond to behaviors, social cues, and what others are

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lack the ability to empathically feel their way to moral answers, and that when confronted with moral dilemmas, these brain-damaged patients coldly came up with "end-justifies-the-means" answers, leading Damasio to conclude that the point was not that they reached immoral conclusions, but that when

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have been hypothesized to share empathic-like responding towards human species. Researchers Custance and Mayer put individual dogs in an enclosure with their owner and a stranger. When the participants were talking or humming, the dog showed no behavioral changes; however when the participants were

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University of Chicago neurobiologist Jean Decety agrees that empathy is not exclusive to humans, but that empathy has deep evolutionary, biochemical, and neurological underpinnings, and that even the most advanced forms of empathy in humans are built on more basic forms and remain connected to core

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It is difficult to make comparisons over time using such questionnaires because of how language changes. For example, one study used a single questionnaire to measure 13,737 college students between 1979 and 2009, and found that empathy scores fell substantially over that time. A critic noted these

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Empathic perspective-taking plays important roles in sustaining cooperation in human societies, as studied by evolutionary game theory. In game theoretical models, indirect reciprocity refers to the mechanism of cooperation based on moral reputations that are assigned to individuals based on their

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introduces a theory of care-based ethics that is grounded in empathy. He claims that moral motivation does, and should, stem from a basis of empathic response, and that our natural reaction to situations of moral significance are explained by empathy. He explains that the limits and obligations of

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Empathy-based socialization differs from inhibition of egoistic impulses through shaping, modeling, and internalized guilt. Therapeutic programs to foster altruistic impulses by encouraging perspective-taking and empathic feelings might enable individuals to develop more satisfactory interpersonal

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Because we oversimplify people in order to make them legible enough to empathize with, we can come to misapprehend how cohesive other people are. We may come to think of ourselves as lacking a strong, integral self in comparison. Fritz Breithaupt calls this the "empathic endowment effect". Because

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People can severely overestimate how much they understand others. When people empathize with another, they may oversimplify that other person in order to make them more legible. It may improve empathic accuracy for the empathizer to explicitly ask the person empathized with for confirmation of the

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An empathizer's emotional background may affect or distort how they perceive the emotions in others. Societies that promote individualism have lower ability for empathy. The judgments that empathy provides about the emotional states of others are not certain ones. Empathy is a skill that gradually

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be dysfunctional in ASD.” However, as the researchers state, this connection is not clear and although mirror neurons are correlated to ASD, there is no proven causational relationship between dysfunctional mirror neurons and ASD. The study from 2023 might be considered contradictory to an earlier

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Such measures are also vulnerable to measuring not empathy but the difference between a person's felt empathy and their standards for how much empathy is appropriate. For example, one researcher found that students scored themselves as less empathetic after taking her empathy class. After learning

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Picture or puppet-story indices for empathy have been adopted to enable even very young, pre-school subjects to respond without needing to read questions and write answers. Dependent variables (variables that are monitored for any change by the experimenter) for younger subjects have included self

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Bodily or "somatic" measures can be seen as behavioral measures at a micro level. They measure empathy through facial and other non-verbally expressed reactions. Such changes are presumably underpinned by physiological changes brought about by some form of "emotional contagion" or mirroring. These

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are terms associated with empathy. A person feels compassion when they notice others are in need, and this feeling motivates that person to help. Like empathy, compassion has a wide range of definitions and purported facets (which overlap with some definitions of empathy). Sympathy is a feeling of

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has had a wide range of (sometimes conflicting) definitions among both researchers and laypeople. Empathy definitions encompass a broad range of phenomena, including caring for other people and having a desire to help them, experiencing emotions that match another person's, discerning what another

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Stoic philosophers believed that to condition your emotional disposition on the emotions or fortunes of someone else is foolish. Cicero said that someone who feels distress at another's misfortune is committing as much of an error as an envious person who feels distress at another's good fortune.

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Empathy-induced altruism may not always produce pro-social effects. For example, it could lead one to exert oneself on behalf of those for whom empathy is felt at the expense of other potential pro-social goals, thus inducing a type of bias. Researchers suggest that individuals are willing to act

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Certain studies, like this one from 2004 found connections between ASD and empathy issues. Another study found that empathy problems may be associated to the comorbidity of alexithymia (a struggle to feel emotions) and ASD. However, a more recent study from 2022 found that there were, in fact, no

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chimpanzee. They focused on the interplay of numerous skills such as empathy-related responding, and how different rearing backgrounds of the juvenile bonobo affected their response to stressful events—events related to themselves (e.g. loss of a fight) as well as stressful events of others. They

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The Empathic Concern scale assesses other-oriented feelings of sympathy and concern and the Personal Distress scale measures self-oriented feelings of personal anxiety and unease. Researchers have used behavioral and neuroimaging data to analyze extraversion and agreeableness. Both are associated

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with adults, and previous findings that vicarious experiencing, particularly of others' distress, is hardwired and present early in life. The research found additional areas of the brain, associated with social and moral cognition, were activated when young people saw another person intentionally

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By the age of two, children normally begin to exhibit fundamental behaviors of empathy by having an emotional response that corresponds with another person's emotional state. Even earlier, at one year of age, infants have some rudiments of empathy; they understand that, as with their own actions,

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portrays the character Maggie Vera as a witch with the power of empathy. Her powers later expand to allow her to control the emotions of others as well as occasionally concentrate emotion into pure energy. In season four she learns to replicate people's powers by empathically understanding them.

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and individuals disagree on the moral standing of others (for example, because they use different moral evaluation rules or make errors of judgement), then cooperation will not be sustained. However, when individuals have the capacity for empathic perspective-taking, altruistic behavior can once

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According to one theory, empathy is one of seven components involved in the effectiveness of intercultural communication. This theory also states that empathy is learnable. However, research also shows that people experience more difficulty empathizing with others who are different from them in

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People who understand how empathic feelings evoke altruistic motivation may adopt strategies for suppressing or avoiding such feelings. Such numbing, or loss of the capacity to feel empathy for clients, is a possible factor in the experience of burnout among case workers in helping professions.

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donations and taking resources away from helpful activities. Bloom also finds empathy can encourage unethical behavior when it causes people to care more about attractive people than ugly people, or people of one's own race vs. people of a different race. The attractiveness bias can also affect

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Empathy can be an aesthetic pleasure, "by widening the scope of that which we experience... by providing us with more than one perspective of a situation, thereby multiplying our experience... and... by intensifying that experience." People can use empathy to borrow joy from the joy of children

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One study on psychopaths found that, under certain circumstances, they could willfully empathize with others, and that their empathic reaction initiated the same way it does for controls. Psychopathic criminals were brain-scanned while watching videos of a person harming another individual. The

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groups. Acts of consolation were observed in both groups. This behavior is also found in humans, particularly in human infants. Another similarity found between chimpanzees and humans is that empathic-like responding was disproportionately provided to kin. Although comforting towards non-family

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is among the oldest published measurement tools still in frequent use (first published in 1983) that provides a multi-dimensional assessment of empathy. It comprises a self-report questionnaire of 28 items, divided into four seven-item scales covering the subdivisions of affective and cognitive

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Behavioral measures normally involve raters assessing the presence or absence of certain behaviors in the subjects they are monitoring. Both verbal and non-verbal behaviors have been captured on video by experimenters. Other experimenters required subjects to comment upon their own feelings and

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because of the short-term discomfort. People experiencing too much empathy after a disaster may continue to send donations like canned goods or used clothing even after being asked to stop or to send cash instead, and this can make the situation worse by creating the need to dispose of useless

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Empathizers report finding it easier to take the perspective of another person in a situation when they have experienced a similar situation, and that they experience greater empathic understanding. Research regarding whether similar past experience makes the empathizer more accurate is mixed.

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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is often correlated to problems with empathy and social communication skills. However, like ASD itself, these issues are often found to be on a spectrum. The suggestion that people with autism are likely to have issues with personal relationships and empathy is a

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literature. Females also tended to have a stronger link between emotional and cognitive empathy. The researchers believe that the stability of these sex differences in development are unlikely to be explained by environmental influences but rather by human evolution and inheritance. Throughout

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The scientific community has not coalesced around a precise definition of these constructs, but there is consensus about this distinction. Affective and cognitive empathy are also independent from one another; someone who strongly empathizes emotionally is not necessarily good in understanding

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Since empathy involves understanding the emotional states of other people, the way it is characterized derives from the way emotions are characterized. For example, if emotions are characterized by bodily feelings, then understanding the bodily feelings of another will be considered central to

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form gave readers a more vivid sense that they were gaining access to the candid details of a real life. "The epistolatory novel did not just reflect important cultural and social changes of the time. Novel reading actually helped create new kinds of feelings including a recognition of shared

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Researchers have investigated whether people who have high levels of psychopathy have sufficient levels of cognitive empathy but lack the ability to use affective empathy. People who score highly on psychopathy measures are less likely to exhibit affective empathy. There was a strong negative

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as psychopathy, as these entail suspending empathy towards certain individuals and/or groups. The attempt to get around this by standardizing tests of psychopathy for cultures with different norms of punishment is criticized in this context for being based on the assumption that people can be

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roots in biology and are not merely cultural byproducts driven by socialization." The review found sex differences in empathy from birth, growing larger with age, and consistent and stable across lifespan. Females, on average, had higher empathy than males, while children with higher empathy,

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are often used synonymously, but due to a lack of studies comparing theory of mind with types of empathy, it is unclear whether these are equivalent. Although measures of cognitive empathy include self-report questionnaires and behavioral measures, a 2019 meta-analysis found only a negligible

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Empathy is not all-or-nothing; rather, a person can be more or less empathic toward another. Paradigmatically, a person exhibits empathy when they communicate an accurate recognition of the significance of another person's ongoing intentional actions, associated emotional states, and personal

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state that people who develop intercultural empathy can interpret experiences or perspectives from more than one worldview. Intercultural empathy can also improve self-awareness and critical awareness of one's own interaction style as conditioned by one's cultural views and promote a view of

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in different aspects of their natural behaviors. For example, chimpanzees spontaneously contribute comforting behaviors to victims of aggressive behavior in both natural and unnatural settings, a behavior recognized as consolation. Researchers led by Teresa Romero observed these empathic and

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Empathy is still a topic of research. The major areas of research include the development of empathy, the genetics and neuroscience of empathy, cross-species empathy, and the impairment of empathy. Some researchers have made efforts to quantify empathy through different methods, such as from

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In studies by the Management Research Group, empathy was found to be the strongest predictor of ethical leadership behavior out of 22 competencies in its management model, and empathy was one of the three strongest predictors of senior executive effectiveness. The leadership consulting firm

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Empathic maturity is a cognitive-structural theory developed at the Yale University School of Nursing. It addresses how adults conceive or understand the personhood of patients. The theory, first applied to nurses and since applied to other professions, postulates three levels of cognitive

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classified in discrete cultures while cultural influences are in reality mixed and every person encounters a mosaic of influences. Psychopathy may be an artefact of psychiatry's standardization along imaginary sharp lines between cultures, as opposed to an actual difference in the brain.

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reactions, while they appear to reflect the internal emotional state of the empathizer, could also, if the stimulus incident lasted more than the briefest period, reflect the results of emotional reactions based on cognitions associated with role-taking ("if I were him I would feel...").

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Some research suggests that people are more able and willing to empathize with those most similar to themselves. In particular, empathy increases with similarities in culture and living conditions. Empathy is more likely to occur between individuals whose interaction is more frequent.

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Empathy can not only be a precursor to one's own helpful acts, but can also be a way of inviting help from others. If you mimic the posture, facial expressions, and vocal style of someone you are with, you can thereby encourage them to help you and to form a favorable opinion of you.

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they were confronted by a difficult issue – in this case as whether to shoot down a passenger plane hijacked by terrorists before it hits a major city – these patients appear to reach decisions without the anguish that afflicts those with normally functioning brains. According to

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Empathic distress is feeling the perceived pain of another person. This feeling can be transformed into empathic anger, feelings of injustice, or guilt. These emotions can be perceived as pro-social; however, views differ as to whether they serve as motives for moral behavior.

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People who score more highly on empathy questionnaires also report having more positive relationships with other people. They report "greater life satisfaction, more positive affect, less negative affect, and less depressive symptoms than people who had lower empathy scores".

2541:. In the most basic sense, phenomenology is the experience of the other's body as "my body over there." In most other respects, however, it is an experience viewed through the person's own eyes; in experiencing empathy, what is experienced is not "my" experience, even though 2446:

relations, especially in the long-term. Empathy-induced altruism can improve attitudes toward stigmatized groups, racial attitudes, and actions toward people with AIDS, the homeless, and convicts. Such resulting altruism also increases cooperation in competitive situations.

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calls his ability "pure empathy". Graham can assume the viewpoint of virtually anyone he meets, even viewpoints that sicken him. When evaluating a crime scene, he uses his imagination and empathy to almost become the killer, feeling what they were feeling during a murder.

854:, is the ability to respond with an appropriate emotion to another's mental states. Our ability to empathize emotionally is based on emotional contagion: being affected by another's emotional or arousal state. Affective empathy can be subdivided into the following scales: 2652:

pioneered using empathic techniques to better understand customers. For example, she used makeup and prosthetics to simulate the experience of elderly people, and used the insights from this to inspire friendlier products for that customer segment. Design engineers at

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is generally described as the ability to take on another's perspective, to understand, feel, and possibly share and respond to their experience. There are more (sometimes conflicting) definitions of empathy that include but are not limited to social, cognitive, and

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A person empathizes by feeling what they believe to be the emotions of another, which makes empathy both affective and cognitive. For social beings, negotiating interpersonal decisions is as important to survival as being able to navigate the physical landscape.

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results could be because the wording of the questionnaire had become anachronistically quaint (it used idioms no longer in common use, like "tender feelings", "ill at ease", "quite touched", or "go to pieces" that today's students might not identify with).

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An influential study on the evolution of empathy by Stephanie Preston and Frans de Waal discusses a neural perception-action mechanism and postulates a bottom-up model of empathy that ties together all levels, from state matching to perspective-taking.

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say "physiological measures of emotion and studies that track people in their daily lives find no consistent sex differences in the experience of emotion", which "suggests that women may amplify certain emotional expressions, or men may suppress them".

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found that females tended to be better at recognizing facial affects, expression processing, and emotions in general. Males tended to be better at recognizing specific behaviors such as anger, aggression, and threatening cues. A 2014 meta-analysis, in

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regions, which may partly account for impaired recognition of and reduced autonomic responsiveness to expressions of fear, and impairments of empathy. Studies on children with psychopathic tendencies have also shown such associations. The underlying

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is associated with deficits in cognitive but not affective empathy. People with borderline personality disorder (BPD) may suffer from impairments in cognitive empathy as well as fluctuating affective empathy, although this topic is controversial.

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Physiological responses tend to be captured by elaborate electronic equipment that has been physically connected to the subject's body. Researchers then draw inferences about that person's empathic reactions from the electronic readings produced.

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In one experiment, researchers gave two groups of men wristbands according to which football team they supported. Each participant received a mild electric shock, then watched another go through the same pain. When the wristbands matched, both

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The higher a person's perspective-taking ability, the less angry they are in response to a provocation. Empathic concern does not, however, significantly predict anger response, and higher personal distress is associated with increased anger.

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as examples of "Open Empathy Organizations". Such companies, he claims, see new opportunities more quickly than competitors, adapt to change more easily, and create workplaces that offer employees a greater sense of mission in their jobs.

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is one method used to teach empathy. Students transmit new content to their classmates, so they have to reflect continuously on those classmates' mental processes. This develops the students' feeling for group reactions and networking.

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In some experiments, subjects are required to watch video scenarios (either staged or authentic) and to make written responses which are then assessed for their levels of empathy; scenarios are sometimes also depicted in printed form.

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One's ability to recognize the bodily feelings of another is related to one's imitative capacities, and seems to be grounded in an innate capacity to associate the bodily movements and facial expressions one sees in another with the

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is characterized by impaired affective empathy, as well as severe cognitive and empathy impairments as measured by the Empathy Quotient (EQ). These empathy impairments are also associated with impairments in social cognitive tasks.

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Meta-analysis of fMRI studies of empathy confirms that different brain areas are activated during affective-perceptual empathy than during cognitive-evaluative empathy. Affective empathy is correlated with increased activity in the

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processes primarily concerned with understanding others. Often times, empathy is considered to be a broad term, and broken down into more specific concepts and types that include cognitive empathy, emotional (or affective) empathy,

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Another study provides evidence of separate neural pathways activating reciprocal suppression in different regions of the brain associated with the performance of "social" and "mechanical" tasks. These findings suggest that the

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association between self-report and behavioral measures, suggesting that people are generally not able to accurately assess their own cognitive empathy abilities. Cognitive empathy can be subdivided into the following scales:

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Empathic anger affects desires to help and to punish. Two sub-categories of empathic anger are state empathic anger (current empathic anger) and trait empathic anger (tendency or predisposition to experience empathic anger).

9340:"The Lack of Alterations in Metabolites in the Medial Prefrontal Cortex and Amygdala, but Their Associations with Autistic Traits, Empathy, and Personality Traits in Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Preliminary Study" 9193:"The Lack of Alterations in Metabolites in the Medial Prefrontal Cortex and Amygdala, but Their Associations with Autistic Traits, Empathy, and Personality Traits in Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Preliminary Study" 2449:

Empathy is good at prompting prosocial behaviors that are informal, unplanned, and directed at someone who is immediately present, but is not as good at prompting more abstractly-considered, long-term prosocial behavior.

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experiments, people who were asked to recall a situation in which they had power over someone else then demonstrated reduced ability to mirror others, to comprehend their viewpoints, or to learn from their perspectives.

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have debated whether or not it is possible to empathize with people from the past. Jenkins argues that empathy only enjoys such a privileged position in the present because it corresponds harmoniously with the dominant

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People tend to empathize less when they have more social or political power. For example, people from lower-class backgrounds exhibit better empathic accuracy than those from upper-class backgrounds. In a variety of

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Kanske P, Böckler A, Trautwein FM, Singer T (November 2015). "Dissecting the social brain: Introducing the EmpaToM to reveal distinct neural networks and brain-behavior relations for empathy and Theory of Mind".

2773:. "Empaths" have the ability to sense/feel the emotions and bodily sensations of others and, in some cases, influence or control them. Although sometimes a specific power held by specific characters such as the 2645:

found in 2016 that 20% of U.S. employers offered empathy training to managers. A study by the Center for Creative Leadership found empathy to be positively correlated to job performance among employees as well.

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found those who scored highly on the psychopathy scale do not lack in recognising emotion in facial expressions. Therefore, such individuals do not lack in perspective-talking ability but do lack in compassion

819:. One feels pity towards others who might be in trouble or in need of help. This feeling is described as "feeling sorry" for someone. Emotional contagion is when a person (especially an infant or a member of a 2661:

trains its telephone customer service employees in a virtual reality app that puts them in a (dramatized) customer's home so they can experience what it is like to be on the other side of their conversations.

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empathy) may allow these helpers to better empathize with victims without as much discomfort, whereas sharing the emotions of the victims (emotional empathy) can cause emotional distress, helplessness, and

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Mirroring-behavior in motor neurons during empathy may help duplicate feelings. Such sympathetic action may afford access to sympathetic feelings and, perhaps, trigger emotions of kindness and forgiveness.

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questionnaires where participants can fill out and then be scored on their answers. Some other research discusses the effects of empathy, benefits and issues caused by a lack of or an abundance of empathy.

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and Wheelwright which comprises a self-report questionnaire consisting of 60 items. Another multi-dimensional scale is the Questionnaire of Cognitive and Affective Empathy (QCAE, first published in 2011).

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feeling. Psychopathy is, however, associated with impairment in the other major component of empathy—affective (emotional) empathy—which includes the ability to feel the suffering and emotions of others (

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about men and women can affect how they express emotions. The sex difference is small to moderate, somewhat inconsistent, and is often influenced by the person's motivations or social environment. Bosson

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Dawel A, O'Kearney R, McKone E, Palermo R (November 2012). "Not just fear and sadness: meta-analytic evidence of pervasive emotion recognition deficits for facial and vocal expressions in psychopathy".

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theory proposes that prior studies on autism and empathy may have been misinterpreted and that autistic people show the same levels of cognitive empathy towards one another as non-autistic people do.

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amplitudes found, on average, higher N400 in females in response to social situations, which positively correlated with self-reported empathy. Structural fMRI studies also found females to have larger

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have low empathy, the correlation between low empathy and violent behavior as documented in scientific studies is "zero". Other measures are much more predictive of violent behavior, such as lack of

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real time interactions. Based on a metaphorical affinity with touch, philosopher Edith Wyschogrod claims that the proximity entailed by empathy increases the potential vulnerability of either party.

2045:), and those with the condition are therefore not distressed by the suffering of their victims. Such a dissociation of affective and cognitive empathy has been demonstrated for aggressive offenders. 4841:

Murphy BA, Lilienfeld SO (August 2019). "Are self-report cognitive empathy ratings valid proxies for cognitive empathy ability? Negligible meta-analytic relations with behavioral task performance".

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structures. The third and highest level is a meta-ethical theory of the moral structure of care. Adults who operate with level-III understanding synthesize systems of justice and care-based ethics.

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The subject of whether autism affects empathy is a controversial and complex area of study. Several different factors are proposed to be at play, such as mirror neurons, alexithymia, and more. The

1871:. Sex offenders who had been raised in an environment where they were shown a lack of empathy and had endured abuse of the sort they later committed, felt less affective empathy for their victims. 2688:

between teachers and learners. Although there is general agreement that empathy is essential in educational settings, research found that it is difficult to develop empathy in trainee teachers.

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Affective mentalizing: uses clues like body language, facial expressions, knowledge about the other's beliefs & situation, and context to understand more about what one is empathizing with.

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their own resourcefulness. Paul Bloom points out that high-empathy nurses tend to spend less time with their patients, to avoid feeling negative emotions associated with witnessing suffering.

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individuals have impaired cognitive empathy and theory of mind, but increased affective empathy. Despite cognitive flexibility being impaired, planning behavior is intact. Dysfunctions in the

1041:, which provides a common basis for the perceptual experience (vicarious experience dimension) and a basic cognitive awareness (intuitive understanding dimension) of others' emotional states. 6698: 1922:

Psychopathy is a personality construct partly characterized by antisocial and aggressive behaviors, as well as emotional and interpersonal deficits including shallow emotions and a lack of

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regardless of gender, continue to be higher in empathy throughout development. Analysis of brain event-related potentials found that females who saw human suffering tended to have higher

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efforts, increasing the amount of money devoted and laws passed to protect cute and photogenic animals, while taking attention away from species that are more ecologically important.

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Although children are capable of showing some signs of empathy, including attempting to comfort a crying baby, from as early as 18 months to two years, most do not demonstrate a full

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People can better cognitively control their actions the more they understand how altruistic behavior emerges, whether it is from minimizing sadness or the arousal of mirror neurons.

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associated with reasoning about the "state of another person's mind" and "causal/mechanical properties of inanimate objects" are neurally suppressed from occurring at the same time.

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gene have better social skills and higher self-esteem. A gene located near LRRN1 on chromosome 3 influences the human ability to read, understand, and respond to emotions in others.

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de Sousa A, McDonald S, Rushby J, Li S, Dimoska A, James C (October 2010). "Why don't you feel how I feel? Insight into the absence of empathy after severe traumatic brain injury".

12274: 1844:, too, is associated with deficits in both types of empathy. However, even in people without conditions such as these, the balance between affective and cognitive empathy varies. 5057:

Winczewski LA, Bowen JD, Collins NL (March 2016). "Is Empathic Accuracy Enough to Facilitate Responsive Behavior in Dyadic Interaction? Distinguishing Ability From Motivation".

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more about empathy, the students became more exacting in how they judged their own feelings and behavior, expected more from themselves, and so rated themselves more severely.

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The capacity to empathize is a revered trait in society. Empathy is considered a motivating factor for unselfish, prosocial behavior, whereas a lack of empathy is related to

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Singer T, Engert V (August 2019). "It matters what you practice: differential training effects on subjective experience, behavior, brain and body in the ReSource Project".

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indicate that empathy is not restricted to humans (however the interpretation of such research depends in part on how expansive a definition of empathy researchers adopt).

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Other studies show no significant sex differences, and instead suggest that gender differences are the result of motivational differences, such as upholding stereotypes.

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Because empathy seems to have potential to improve customer relations, employee morale, and personnel management capability, it has been studied in a business context.

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could result in the impaired cognitive empathy, since impaired cognitive empathy has been related with neurocognitive task performance involving cognitive flexibility.

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One problem with the theory that the ability to turn empathy on and off constitutes psychopathy is that such a theory would classify socially sanctioned violence and

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Harari H, Shamay-Tsoory SG, Ravid M, Levkovitz Y (February 2010). "Double dissociation between cognitive and affective empathy in borderline personality disorder".

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seems to influence sensitivity to negative emotional information and is also attenuated by the deletion variant of ADRA2b. Carriers of the double G variant of the

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again evolve. Moreover, evolutionary models also revealed that empathic perspective-taking itself can evolve, promoting prosocial behavior in human populations.

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against the greater collective good or to violate their own moral principles of fairness and justice if doing so will benefit a person for whom empathy is felt.

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McAlinden M (2014). "Can teachers know learners' minds? Teacher empathy and learner body language in English language teaching". In Dunworth K, Zhang G (eds.).

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de Sousa A, McDonald S, Rushby J (July 1, 2012). "Changes in emotional empathy, affective responsivity, and behavior following severe traumatic brain injury".

2154:, reports on how military training artificially creates depersonalization in soldiers, suppressing empathy and making it easier for them to kill other people. 927:

Emotion regulation: a damper on the emotional contagion process that allows you to empathize without being overwhelmed by the emotion you are empathizing with.

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Empathic anger is an emotion, a form of empathic distress. Empathic anger is felt in a situation where someone else is being hurt by another person or thing.

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Singer T, Seymour B, O'Doherty J, Kaube H, Dolan RJ, Frith CD (February 2004). "Empathy for pain involves the affective but not sensory components of pain".

1928: 1783:. A study with patients who experienced different types of brain damage confirmed the distinction between emotional and cognitive empathy. Specifically, the 11619: 2757:

developed how it did and when it did in part as a result of the influence of mid-eighteenth-century European novelists, particularly those whose use of the

8725: 5823: 4524: 4453:"Two systems for empathy: a double dissociation between emotional and cognitive empathy in inferior frontal gyrus versus ventromedial prefrontal lesions" 970:

Efforts to measure empathy go back to at least the mid-twentieth century. Researchers approach the measurement of empathy from a number of perspectives.

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Shamay-Tsoory S, Harari H, Szepsenwol O, Levkovitz Y (2009). "Neuropsychological evidence of impaired cognitive empathy in euthymic bipolar disorder".

6367: 12373: 15050: 9250:"Differential responses in the mirror neuron system during imitation of individual emotional facial expressions and association with autistic traits" 2630: 1376: 8324:

Jackson PL, Meltzoff AN, Decety J (February 2005). "How do we perceive the pain of others? A window into the neural processes involved in empathy".

14718: 11262:"Veracity judgement, not accuracy: Reconsidering the role of facial expressions, empathy, and emotion recognition training on deception detection" 4636: 2294:

Bloom points out that parents who have too much short-term empathy might create long-term problems for their children, by neglecting discipline,

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behaviors, or those of other people involved in the experiment, as indirect ways of signaling their level of empathic functioning to the raters.

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Geer JH, Estupinan LA, Manguno-Mire GM (2000). "Empathy, social skills, and other relevant cognitive processes in rapists and child molesters".

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Decety J, Skelly L (2013). "The neural underpinnings of the experience of empathy: Lessons for psychopathy.". In Ochsner KN, Kosslyn SM (eds.).

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Fan Y, Duncan NW, de Greck M, Northoff G (January 2011). "Is there a core neural network in empathy? An fMRI based quantitative meta-analysis".

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Gutsell JN, Inzlicht M (2010). "Empathy constrained: Prejudice predicts reduced mental simulation of actions during observation of outgroups".

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Segal EA (2011). "Social empathy: A model built on empathy, contextual understanding, and social responsibility that promotes social justice".

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describes a deficiency in understanding, processing, or describing one's own emotions (unlike empathy which is about someone else's emotions).

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Einolf C (March 13, 2012). "Is Cognitive Empathy More Important than Affective Empathy? A Response to 'Who Helps Natural-Disaster Victims?'".

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Decety J, Michalska KJ, Akitsuki Y (September 2008). "Who caused the pain? An fMRI investigation of empathy and intentionality in children".

4607: 2605: 1457: 11532:"Empathic distress fatigue rather than compassion fatigue? Integrating findings from empathy research in psychology and social neuroscience" 8665: 5554:

Leslie KR, Johnson-Frey SH, Grafton ST (February 2004). "Functional imaging of face and hand imitation: towards a motor theory of empathy".

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Chism LA, Magnan MA (2009). "The relationship of nursing students' spiritual care perspectives to their expressions of spiritual empathy".

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The Role of Culture in Empathy: The Consequences and Explanations of Cultural Differences in Empathy at the Affective and Cognitive Levels

9086: 3680: 9454:"Autistic Traits and Empathy for Others' Pain Among the General Population: Test of the Mediating Effects of First-Hand Pain Sensitivity" 6308: 2816:, combined with an eidetic memory and imagination. These abilities help him understand the motives of some of the most depraved killers. 1803:

or generates the associated autonomic and somatic responses (perception-action coupling), unless inhibited. This mechanism resembles the

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and violent responses in the name of helping people of the same "tribe" or social group, for example when empathic bias is exploited by

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complex issue that has been addressed in many studies. Various research has been exploring these concepts for more than twenty years.

15443: 15024: 12604:"Why might medical student empathy change throughout medical school? a systematic review and thematic synthesis of qualitative studies" 12533:

Tettegah S, Anderson CJ (2007). "Pre-service teachers' empathy and cognitions: Statistical analysis of text data by graphical models".

12076: 9501:"Shining a Light on a Hidden Population: Social Functioning and Mental Health in Women Reporting Autistic Traits But Lacking Diagnosis" 8111:"The empathic brain and its dysfunction in psychiatric populations: implications for intervention across different clinical conditions" 3754:

Teding van Berkhout E, Malouff JM (January 2016). "The efficacy of empathy training: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials".

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A measure of how well a person can infer the specific content of another person's thoughts and feelings was developed by William Ickes.

12157: 9397:"Development of Moral Judgments in Impersonal and Personal Dilemmas in Autistic Spectrum Disorders from Childhood to Late Adolescence" 5840:

Reniers RL, Corcoran R, Drake R, Shryane NM, Völlm BA (January 2011). "The QCAE: a Questionnaire of Cognitive and Affective Empathy".

14726: 6382: 5424: 5007:"The balance between feeling and knowing: affective and cognitive empathy are reflected in the brain's intrinsic functional dynamics" 4547: 1439: 1288: 620: 12428: 10420:"Reduced Self-Referential Source Memory Performance is Associated with Interpersonal Dysfunction in Borderline Personality Disorder" 10128: 9682: 5942:

Konrath SH, O'Brien EH, Hsing C (2011). "Changes in Dispositional Empathy in American College Students Over Time: A Meta-Analysis".

5096:"Toward a hierarchical model of social cognition: A neuroimaging meta-analysis and integrative review of empathy and theory of mind" 1758:

Contemporary neuroscience offers insights into the neural basis of the mind's ability to understand and process emotion. Studies of

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demonstrate atypical empathic responses when viewing others in pain. Subjects with conduct disorder were at least as responsive as

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Marjanovic Z, Struthers G (August 8, 2011). "Who Helps Natural-Disaster Victims? Assessment of Trait and Situational Predictors".

10298:"Psychopathy, Empathy, and Perspective -Taking Ability in a Community Sample: Implications for the Successful Psychopathy Concept" 7790:"Genome-wide meta-analysis of cognitive empathy: heritability, and correlates with sex, neuropsychiatric conditions and cognition" 1895:

Another study (2023) focusing on ASD and empathy with regards to mirror neurons also reflected on the theory that mirror neurons “

15490: 14907: 14557: 10832:"Perspective taking and empathy: Does having similar past experience to another person make it easier to take their perspective?" 10247:"An fMRI study of affective perspective taking in individuals with psychopathy: imagining another in pain does not evoke empathy" 7683:"Epistasis between 5-HTTLPR and ADRA2B polymorphisms influences attentional bias for emotional information in healthy volunteers" 7393: 6217:"Beliefs about beliefs: representation and constraining function of wrong beliefs in young children's understanding of deception" 2226:

empathic hypothesis. However, people may be reluctant to abandon their empathic hypotheses even when they are explicitly denied.

1496: 1333: 5785:"The empathy quotient: an investigation of adults with Asperger syndrome or high functioning autism, and normal sex differences" 2395:

must be objective regarding the emotions of others. They should not over-invest their own emotions in the other, at the risk of

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significant differences between the brain sections (medial prefrontal cortex and amygdala) that are associated with empathy.

945:(in which the empathetic person integrates their understanding of broader social dynamics into their empathetic modeling), and 11764: 9395:

Labusch M, Perea M, Sahuquillo-Leal R, Bofill-Moscardó I, Carrasco-Tornero Á, Cañada-Pérez A, et al. (February 1, 2024).

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The Handbook of Emotional Intelligence: Theory, Development, Assessment, and Application at Home, School, and in the Workplace

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psychological experiences, and these feelings then translated into new cultural and social movements including human rights."

15104: 15045: 12752: 12583: 12514: 12319: 11809: 11548: 11162: 10811: 10776: 10744: 9877: 9664: 9643: 9012: 8880: 8747: 6985: 6964: 6499: 6072: 5997: 5167:"Are strong empathizers better mentalizers? Evidence for independence and interaction between the routes of social cognition" 4978: 4779: 4189: 4020:"What imitation tells us about social cognition: a rapprochement between developmental psychology and cognitive neuroscience" 3722: 3515: 3323: 3078: 2859: 1798:

The study of the neural underpinnings of empathy received increased interest following a paper published by S.D. Preston and

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Young S, Hugenberg K (2010). "Mere socialization categorization modulates identification of facial expressions of emotion".

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Thompson AE, Voyer D (2014). "Sex differences in the ability to recognise non-verbal displays of emotion: a meta-analysis".

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To build intercultural empathy in others, psychologists employ empathy training. Researchers William Weeks, Paul Pedersen,

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and increased brain activity in two brain regions that are important for empathic processing (medial prefrontal cortex and

10887:"Giving birth to empathy: the effects of similar experience on empathic accuracy, empathic concern, and perceived empathy" 9087:"Brief report: cognitive processing of own emotions in individuals with autistic spectrum disorder and in their relatives" 7442:

Edgar JL, Paul ES, Nicol CJ (August 2013). "Protective Mother Hens: Cognitive influences on the avian maternal response".

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Measures of empathy also frequently require subjects to self-report upon their own ability or capacity for empathy, using

15475: 15127: 14748: 13968: 13872: 12901: 12835: 12535: 9767: 8683: 4702: 1168: 12344: 12122: 10510: 10336: 9878:"Somatic markers and response reversal: is there orbitofrontal cortex dysfunction in boys with psychopathic tendencies?" 8716: 8072:

Keysers C, Gazzola V (December 2009). "Expanding the mirror: vicarious activity for actions, emotions, and sensations".

8017:"Individual differences in local gray matter density are associated with differences in affective and cognitive empathy" 7315: 6917:

van Berkhout ET, Malouff J (2016). "The efficacy of empathy training: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials".

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wore prosthetics to simulate pregnancy and old age, to help them design cars that would work better for such customers.

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to the pain of others but, unlike controls, subjects with conduct disorder showed strong and specific activation of the

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is a lack of empathy and an unwillingness or inability to recognize or identify with the feelings and needs of others.

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Eisenberg N, Spinrad TL, Sadovsky A (2006). "Empathy-related responding in children.". In Killen M, Smetana J (eds.).

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Pijnenborg GH, Spikman JM, Jeronimus BF, Aleman A (June 2013). "Insight in schizophrenia: associations with empathy".

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Batson CD (2009). "These things called empathy: Eight related but distinct phenomena.". In Decety J, Ickes W (eds.).

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to decide on charitable donations rationally, rather than by relying on emotional responses to images in the media.

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find using a theory of mind to be very difficult, but there is quite a bit of controversy on this subject. (e.g. the

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Gallese V (2003). "The roots of empathy: the shared manifold hypothesis and the neural basis of intersubjectivity".

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Measures of empathy show evidence of being genetically influenced. For example, carriers of the deletion variant of

16447: 14578: 14489: 13884: 10968: 10547: 10520: 9590: 2570:'s concept of reciprocal freedom. Jenkins argues the past is a foreign country and as we do not have access to the 2008:

particular the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and amygdala—which may contribute to their lack of empathic concern.

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Psychopathy is associated with atypical responses to distress cues (e.g. facial and vocal expressions of fear and

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The correlation between ASD and empathy is a focus for researchers and many relevant articles can be found in the

16437: 15785: 15224: 13956: 8651: 2243:: with pain, and empathic pain. If they supported opposing teams, the observer was found to have little empathy. 2056: 1939: 1852: 1305: 1276: 1253: 1202: 10145: 2408:

as unethical; that third party might not like or respect the subject for it. This is called "empathy backfire".

823:) imitatively "catches" the emotions that others are showing without necessarily recognizing this is happening. 15428: 15158: 15019: 13842: 12025: 10650: 8711: 8656:"Empathy represses analytic thought, and vice versa: Brain physiology limits simultaneous use of both networks" 7535: 6959:. Milwaukee: Zoological Society of Milwaukee & The Foundation for Wildlife Conservation, Inc. p. 109. 5473: 4493: 2533:, empathy describes the experience of something from the other's viewpoint, without confusion between self and 2029: 1988: 1943: 1788: 1244: 1017: 15183: 12796: 11180:"Neural responses to ingroup and outgroup members' suffering predict individual differences in costly helping" 2430:

Individuals who expressed concern for the vulnerable (i.e. affective empathy) were more willing to accept the

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A difference in distribution between affective and cognitive empathy has been observed in various conditions.

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Discussions of empathy are common in the fields of ethics, politics, business, medicine, culture, and fiction.

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Levenson RW, Ruef AM (1997). "Physiological aspects of emotional knowledge and rapport.". In Ickes WJ (ed.).

10450: 8821:"Atypical empathic responses in adolescents with aggressive conduct disorder: a functional MRI investigation" 6603: 2900: 2071: 1860: 1432: 1388: 1315: 1257: 1237: 1222: 613: 12810: 2157:

A deadening of empathic response to workmates, customers and the like is one of the three key components of

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while imitating and observing emotional expressions in other children who were considered "neurotypical."

15132: 14149: 12924: 10198:"Brain response to empathy-eliciting scenarios involving pain in incarcerated individuals with psychopathy" 5601: 4210:

Coplan A (September 2011). "Will the real empathy please stand up? A case for a narrow conceptualization".

2985: 1371: 1266: 1193: 1163: 1156: 12446:

Radzvilavicius AL, Stewart AJ, Plotkin JB (April 9, 2019). Doebeli M, Tautz D, Masuda N, Nowak MA (eds.).

8898:"Childhood Victimization and Lack of Empathy as Predictors of Sexual Offending Against Women and Children" 7394:"Empathic-like responding by domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) to distress in humans: an exploratory study" 6306:

Leslie AM, Frith U (November 1988). "Autistic children's understanding of seeing, knowing and believing".

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Tactical (or strategic) empathy: the deliberate use of perspective-taking to achieve certain desired ends.

16442: 14983: 14763: 14628: 14316: 14072: 11560:"Empathy as a 'risky strength': a multilevel examination of empathy and risk for internalizing disorders" 8721: 6694:"Empathy as a driver of prosocial behaviour: highly conserved neurobehavioural mechanisms across species" 3291: 3260: 2930: 1212: 1189: 11531: 9291:"Understanding emotions in others: mirror neuron dysfunction in children with autism spectrum disorders" 3026:

Bellet PS, Maloney MJ (October 1991). "The importance of empathy as an interviewing skill in medicine".

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person is thinking or feeling, and making less distinct the differences between the self and the other.

16292: 15810: 15598: 14871: 14836: 14816: 14768: 14394: 14102: 9970:"Recognition of emotion in facial expressions and vocal tones in children with psychopathic tendencies" 4633: 3949:

Schwartz W (2013). "The parameters of empathy: Core considerations for psychotherapy and supervision".

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elicited by empathy in rodents. Rodents demonstrate empathy for cagemates (but not strangers) in pain.

1293: 1178: 1034: 12077:"Assessing a new dimension of empathy: Empathic anger as a predictor of helping and punishing desires" 7062: 6082:

Falck-Ytter T, Gredebäck G, von Hofsten C (July 2006). "Infants predict other people's action goals".

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Truax CB (1967). "Rating of Accurate Empathy". In Rogers CR, Gendlin ET, Kiesler DJ, Truax CB (eds.).

16467: 15526: 15188: 15097: 14940: 14791: 14683: 14547: 14427: 14369: 14182: 14077: 13879: 12880: 8733: 5679:

Geher G, Warner RM, Brown AS (2001). "Predictive validity of the emotional accuracy research scale".

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ICD-10: Clinical descriptions and diagnostic guidelines: Disorders of adult personality and behavior

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Bartlett MY, DeSteno D (April 2006). "Gratitude and prosocial behavior: helping when it costs you".

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perceived adherence a set of moral rules called social norms. It has been shown that if reputations

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discovering things or playing make-believe, or to satisfy our curiosity about other people's lives.

16472: 16309: 15877: 15485: 15410: 15014: 14841: 14437: 14220: 14035: 14000: 13041: 12822: 8947: 8244:"Somatosensory activations during the observation of touch and a case of vision-touch synaesthesia" 7061:

Langford DJ, Crager SE, Shehzad Z, Smith SB, Sotocinal SG, Levenstadt JS, et al. (June 2006).

2945: 2844: 2794: 2634: 1718: 1526: 1425: 1366: 1109: 606: 33: 11922:

Müller B, Maaskant A, van Baaren R, Dijksterhuis A (2012). "Prosocial consequences of imitation".

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Handbook of Violence Risk Assessment and Treatment: New Approaches for Mental Health Professionals

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Dapretto M, Davies MS, Pfeifer JH, Scott AA, Sigman M, Bookheimer SY, et al. (January 2006).

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On Becoming an Effective Teacher — Person-centered teaching, psychology, philosophy, anddialogues

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van Baaren R, Holland R, Kawakami K, van Knippenberg A (2004). "Mimicry and prosocial behavior".

11708:"Affective empathy predicts self-isolation behaviour acceptance during coronavirus risk exposure" 9725:"A cognitive neuroscience perspective on psychopathy: evidence for paralimbic system dysfunction" 8771:

Bora E, Gökçen S, Veznedaroglu B (July 2008). "Empathic abilities in people with schizophrenia".

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Excessive empathy can lead to "empathic distress fatigue", especially if it is associated with

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introduced the principle of empathy in psychoanalysis. His principle applies to the method of

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close a species is to us, the more likely we are to feel empathy and compassion towards it.

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characteristics such as status, culture, religion, language, skin colour, gender, and age.

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correlation, showing that psychopathy and lack of affective empathy correspond strongly.

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show more activation of the amygdala when viewing emotionally arousing images. The gene

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The Empathy Factor: Your Competitive Advantage for Personal, Team, and Business Success

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There is some evidence that empathy is a skill that one can improve in with training.

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The Empathic Experience Scale is a 30-item questionnaire that measures empathy from a

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Atypical empathic responses are also correlated with a variety of other conditions.

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detection, and emotion recognition training does not improve deception detection.

2161:, according to the conceptualization behind its primary diagnostic instrument, the 2135: 2102: 2090: 1864: 1836: 1776: 1564:

and relationships, affect the development of empathy in children. Empathy promotes

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it could be guided by the evolutionary principles of survival and not emotionality

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conditions of bygone ages we are unable to empathize with those who lived then.

1835:

are associated with impairments in affective but not cognitive empathy, whereas

1462:

On average, females score higher than males on measures of empathy, such as the

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is the ability to understand another's perspective or mental state. The terms

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Emotional Empathy in Autism Spectrum Conditions: Weak, Intact, or Heightened?

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corresponding with an inability to be empathic and sensitive towards others.

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develops throughout life, and which improves the more contact we have with

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Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy, Health Professional Version (JSPE-HP)

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reporting on a seven-point smiley face scale and filmed facial reactions.

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Wired to Care: How Companies Prosper When They Create Widespread Empathy

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in psychopathy are pervasive across emotions (positives and negatives).

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care and understanding for someone in need. Some include in sympathy an

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Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences

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high-psychopathy group exhibited significantly less activation in the

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reported that there is evidence that "sex differences in empathy have

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similarly argues for bringing empathy to the workplace, and suggests

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Environmental contributions to empathy development in young children

6549: 6129: 5617: 860:: sympathy and compassion for others in response to their suffering. 808:

for another person, and the wish to see them better off or happier.

791: 16326: 16147: 16055: 15937: 15857: 15815: 15790: 15765: 15713: 15643: 15588: 15551: 15546: 15536: 15531: 15521: 15153: 14753: 14693: 14250: 13684: 13679: 13669: 13604: 13441: 13363: 13353: 13318: 13305: 13188: 13131: 13081: 13061: 11105:

The Art of Empathy: A Complete Guide to Life's Most Essential Skill

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9589:

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9306: 8948:"On the ontological status of autism: the 'double empathy problem'" 6692:

Decety J, Bartal IB, Uzefovsky F, Knafo-Noam A (January 19, 2016).

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The Art of Empathy: A Complete Guide to Life's Most Essential Skill

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The Essential Difference: The Truth about the Male and Female Brain

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Rogers K, Dziobek I, Hassenstab J, Wolf OT, Convit A (April 2007).

2955: 2940: 2684:

Another growing focus of investigation is how empathy manifests in

2431: 2098: 2000: 1992: 1743: 1645: 1599: 1021:

empathy described above. More recent self-report tools include The

941:(which governs how one chooses to respond to feelings of empathy), 800: 688:, meaning "physical affection or passion"). That word derives from 481: 431: 421: 341: 296: 251: 44: 16405: 16267: 12909: 12846:"Toward a consensus on the nature of empathy: A review of reviews" 12830: 10511:"Diagnostic criteria for 301.81 Narcissistic Personality Disorder" 10296:

Mullins-Nelson JL, Salekin RT, Anne-Marie RT, Leistico RL (2006).

9718:. Vol. 2. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 228–43. 8766: 8764: 8762: 5332: 27:

Capacity to understand or feel what another person is experiencing

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Bird G, Silani G, Brindley R, White S, Frith U, Singer T (2010).

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Happiness Genes: Unlock the Positive Potential Hidden in Your DNA

3548:

Hall JA, Schwartz R (May 4, 2019). "Empathy present and future".

2965: 2766: 2545:

experience it. Empathy is also considered to be the condition of

2376: 2360: 1950: 1923: 1610: 1075:

hurt by somebody, including regions involved in moral reasoning.

638: 551: 526: 521: 511: 291: 261: 236: 221: 211: 196: 92: 87: 79: 60: 16240: 16161: 12360:

The Future of Feeling: Building Empathy in a Tech-Obsessed World

11705: 9499:

Belcher HL, Morein-Zamir S, Stagg SD, Ford RM (August 1, 2023).

5883:

Innamorati M, Ebisch SJ, Gallese V, Saggino A (April 29, 2019).

5504: 4107:"An empirical examination of the factor structure of compassion" 3635: 951:(which encompasses empathy directed towards the natural world). 661: 16349: 16341: 16212: 16191: 16140: 16119: 15962: 15693: 15352: 14498: 14270: 14144: 13478: 13466: 13461: 13456: 13310: 13257: 13116: 13031: 12817: 11259: 10060: 9588: 8759: 8650: 8370: 7680: 6691: 6081: 5885:"A bidimensional measure of empathy: Empathic Experience Scale" 5602:"Emotional and behavioral predictors of preschool peer ratings" 4450: 2284: 1775:

while cognitive empathy is correlated with activity in the mid

1739: 1689: 1614: 1583:

or stroke occurs on the right side of the brain. Damage to the

1580: 1576: 1084: 1009:

In the field of medicine, a measurement tool for carers is the

782:

could include individuals diagnosed with Asperger's or autism.

709: 496: 391: 276: 216: 48: 15082: 14125:

Interactions between the emotional and executive brain systems

11612:"Compassion over empathy could help prevent emotional burnout" 10538:"Diagnostic criteria for 301.20 Schizoid Personality Disorder" 8819:

Decety J, Michalska KJ, Akitsuki Y, Lahey BB (February 2009).

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and, as such, the source of the constitution of objectivity.

2372: 2213:

Children who exhibit more empathy also have more resilience.

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Some research theorizes that environmental factors, such as

921:

Fantasy: the tendency to identify with fictional characters.

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and his colleagues showed that subjects with damage to the

1632:

mechanisms associated with affective communication, social

812: 476: 451: 446: 396: 351: 336: 15321: 12429:"Fidelity exploits virtual reality for "empathy training"" 11177: 9288: 8014: 7787: 7060: 5736:"A cross-sectional measurement of medical student empathy" 5600:

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appears to dampen or even reduce medical student empathy.

1701:

sympathetic-like behaviors in chimpanzees in two separate

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appears to be responsible for emotional empathy, and the

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Pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified

12655:

A Manual of Structured Experiences for Cultural Learning

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When witnessing chicks in distress, domesticated hens (

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The power of empathy has become a frequent ability in

937:

Additional constructs that have been proposed include

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In the 2013 NBC television show reinterpretation of

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include emotional coldness, detachment, and impaired

1929:

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

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Atypical empathic responses are associated with some

1575:

Empathy may be disrupted due to brain trauma such as

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Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology

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discourse of modern society and can be connected to

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Archived from 3292:A Greek–English Lexicon 3006:Vicarious embarrassment 2976:Self-conscious emotions 2921:Highly sensitive person 2785:such as in the case of 2680:In educational contexts 2593:Business and management 2498:Disciplinary approaches 2205:Benefits of empathizing 1863:personality disorders; 1620:One study demonstrated 1054:Ontogenetic development 934:another's perspective. 38:Empath (disambiguation) 16438:Cognitive neuroscience 16404: 16388: 16340: 16317: 16308: 16299: 15280:Sexual sadism disorder 15240:History of psychopathy 15209:Superficially charming 14956:Rapid prompting method 14903:Double empathy problem 14893:Autism rights movement 13700: 13539: 13530: 13521: 13297: 13263: 12809:Quotations related to 12081:Motivation and Emotion 12030:Motivation and Emotion 11987:10.1098/rstb.2009.0057 10767:Emotional intelligence 10655:Psychological Bulletin 9723:Kiehl KA (June 2006). 8128:10.1186/1751-0759-1-22 7540:Journal of Personality 6712:10.1098/rstb.2015.0077 6134:Motivation and Emotion 5478:Journal of Personality 5100:Psychological Bulletin 4639:March 4, 2016, at the 4036:10.1098/rstb.2002.1261 2926:Humanistic coefficient 2871:Emotional intelligence 2747: 2604:, strategy consultant 2589:unconscious material. 2085:and colleagues at the 1906:inferior frontal gyrus 1881:double empathy problem 1875:Autism and Controversy 1785:inferior frontal gyrus 1541:A review published in 1289:Emotional intelligence 1152:Sexual differentiation 1099:Individual differences 730: 720: 666: 119:Emotional intelligence 64: 15893:Righteous indignation 15270:Psychopathy Checklist 15149:Anti-social behaviour 15041:Autism-related topics 14615:Associated conditions 14307:Collective narcissism 14286:Narcissus (mythology) 12608:BMC Medical Education 12578:. 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Glosbe dictionary 2971:Schema (psychology) 2891:Empathy in chickens 2389:health care workers 2289:social intelligence 2179:antisocial behavior 2070:Characteristics of 2043:emotional contagion 1997:periaqueductal gray 1964:biological surfaces 1179:Scientific measures 1123:Part of a series on 817:emotional contagion 726:Edward B. Titchener 16443:Concepts in ethics 15913:Self-transcendence 15505:Individual virtues 15449:Nine Noble Virtues 15378:Nicomachean Ethics 15301:Hervey M. Cleckley 15194:Pathological lying 15164:Diminished empathy 14832:Fragile X syndrome 14639:Autistic catatonia 14266:Healthy narcissism 14073:in decision-making 13314:(sense of purpose) 12881:"Notes on Empathy" 12685:Westminster Review 12295:Patnaik D (2009). 12259:Jenkins K (1991). 12042:10.1007/BF00991641 11825:Einolf CJ (2008). 11712:Scientific Reports 11249:. January 5, 2017. 11103:McLaren K (2013). 11064:10.1037/xge0001213 11016:Bernard B (2004). 10946:10.1093/jmp/6.1.25 10851:10.1017/jrr.2015.6 10763:Goleman D (2005). 10555:Guntrip H (1969). 10367:Scientific Reports 9638:. Guilford Press. 9634:Patrick C (2005). 8875:. Back Bay Books. 8441:The Neuroscientist 7483:Scientific Reports 6931:10.1037/cou0000093 6706:(1686): 20150077. 6146:10.1007/BF00991639 5376:10.1111/ijcs.12856 5112:10.1037/bul0000303 4969:McLaren K (2013). 4855:10.1037/pas0000732 4814:10.1017/jrr.2013.6 3872:10.1037/emo0000929 3768:10.1037/cou0000093 3717:. New Page Books. 3508:Empathy: a history 3490:Altruism in Humans 3488:Batson CD (2011). 3102:10.1111/phc3.12623 3090:Philosophy Compass 2876:Emotional literacy 2866:Ecological empathy 2840:Artificial empathy 2759:epistolatory novel 2655:Ford Motor Company 2627:The Empathy Factor 2347:Compassion fatigue 2341:Compassion fatigue 2271:effective altruism 2026:Antonio R. Damasio 1680:Ecological empathy 1674:Emotion in animals 1622:prosocial behavior 1483:Gender stereotypes 1299:Gender empathy gap 948:ecological empathy 939:behavioral empathy 916:Perspective-taking 896:perspective-taking 667: 65: 18:Emotional distance 16420: 16419: 16416: 16415: 15567:Conscientiousness 15434:Epistemic virtues 15319: 15318: 15294:Notable theorists 15080: 15079: 14977:Diagnostic scales 14877:Williams syndrome 14802:Angelman syndrome 14684:Special interests 14649:Autistic meltdown 14589:Asperger syndrome 14465: 14464: 14203: 14202: 13790:Appeal to emotion 13568:Social connection 12821:Media related to 12754:978-1-945186-88-2 12585:978-0-415-81698-4 12516:978-3-319-06185-6 12402:. pp. xi–ii. 12362:. pp. 101–2. 12347:on July 27, 2013. 12341:The National Post 12321:978-1-892005-25-0 12244:Agosta L (2010). 11811:978-0-19-518724-3 11550:978-0-19-973857-1 11164:978-1-57230-161-0 11155:Empathic Accuracy 10813:978-0-470-17026-7 10778:978-0-553-38371-3 10746:978-0-231-54388-0 10736:Assessing Empathy 10178:Atkins D (2014). 9812:on July 21, 2013. 9697:on March 23, 2014 9666:978-0-8261-9904-1 9645:978-1-60623-804-2 9154:(Pt 5): 1515–25. 9131:on June 19, 2013. 9014:978-1-61537-192-1 8908:(12): 1291–1307. 8882:978-0-316-33000-8 8749:978-0-393-07782-7 8379:(5661): 1157–62. 8254:(Pt 7): 1571–83. 7073:(5782): 1967–70. 7016:(6061): 1427–30. 6987:978-0-307-40776-4 6980:. Harmony Books. 6966:978-0-9794151-0-4 6955:Sandin J (2007). 6794:(Pt 8): 2539–49. 6757:Temple University 6751:Tisot CM (2003). 6520:Empathic accuracy 6501:978-1-5443-9403-9 6381:Davis MH (1983). 6074:978-0-8058-4751-2 5999:978-0-521-58034-2 5829:on March 4, 2015. 5606:Child Development 4980:978-1-62203-061-3 4781:978-0-7382-0844-2 4433:on July 16, 2015. 4191:978-0-262-01297-3 4030:(1431): 491–500. 3724:978-1-60163-105-3 3517:978-0-300-22268-5 3393:10.1159/000072786 3364:on July 26, 2014. 3325:978-0-231-18191-4 3316:Assessing Empathy 3080:978-0-393-70422-8 2814:emotional empathy 2730:self-as-process. 2705:hidden curriculum 2625:In the 2011 book 2600:In the 2009 book 2547:intersubjectivity 2512:In the 2007 book 2485:Personal distress 2311:Empathy and power 2140:prefrontal cortex 2123:prefrontal cortex 1926:and empathy. The 1869:depersonalization 1781:prefrontal cortex 1450: 1449: 1384:Gender inequality 1106:empathic accuracy 1039:intersubjectivity 884:empathic accuracy 877:Cognitive empathy 864:Personal distress 852:emotional empathy 846:Affective empathy 669:The English word 631: 630: 557:Social connection 16:(Redirected from 16480: 16468:Moral psychology 16409: 16393: 16345: 16322: 16313: 16304: 16180: 16083: 16074: 16051: 16017: 15994: 15979: 15978: 15908:Self-cultivation 15461:Prussian virtues 15424:Cardinal virtues 15346: 15339: 15332: 15323: 15322: 15250:Machiavellianism 15230:Conduct disorder 15133:In the workplace 15107: 15100: 15093: 15084: 15083: 15072:Sensory friendly 15008:Screening scales 14867:Timothy syndrome 14774:Verbal Dyspraxia 14737:Anxiety disorder 14669:Nonverbal autism 14644:Autistic masking 14634:Autistic burnout 14492: 14485: 14478: 14469: 14468: 14457: 14456: 14317:In the workplace 14276:Machiavellianism 14230: 14223: 14216: 14207: 14206: 14178:discrete emotion 14078:in the workplace 13974:Empathy quotient 13705: 13645: 13639: 13544: 13535: 13526: 13401: 13302: 13268: 12934: 12927: 12920: 12911: 12910: 12906: 12888: 12875: 12865: 12840: 12820: 12808: 12794: 12780: 12774: 12766: 12743:Buber M (2020). 12730: 12726: 12710: 12699: 12693: 12692: 12680: 12674: 12673: 12665: 12659: 12658: 12650: 12644: 12643: 12633: 12623: 12599: 12593: 12589: 12570: 12559: 12553: 12552: 12530: 12521: 12520: 12502: 12496: 12495: 12485: 12467: 12443: 12437: 12436: 12425: 12419: 12418: 12410: 12404: 12403: 12395: 12389: 12388: 12386: 12384: 12370: 12364: 12363: 12355: 12349: 12348: 12343:. Archived from 12332: 12326: 12325: 12307: 12301: 12300: 12292: 12286: 12285: 12283: 12281: 12271: 12265: 12264: 12256: 12250: 12249: 12241: 12235: 12234: 12229:Slote M (2007). 12226: 12220: 12219: 12211: 12205: 12201: 12152: 12150: 12115: 12109: 12108: 12107:on May 14, 2011. 12103:. Archived from 12072: 12066: 12060: 12054: 12053: 12021: 12012: 12008: 11998: 11981:(1528): 2381–9. 11965: 11947: 11918: 11900: 11869: 11863: 11862: 11822: 11816: 11815: 11791: 11785: 11784: 11760: 11754: 11753: 11743: 11703: 11697: 11696: 11676: 11670: 11669: 11649: 11643: 11642: 11639:Psychology Today 11630: 11624: 11623: 11607: 11601: 11597: 11587: 11554: 11536: 11517: 11511: 11507: 11481: 11471: 11434: 11423:10.1037/a0033477 11403: 11397: 11396: 11360: 11354: 11353: 11317: 11308: 11307: 11297: 11257: 11251: 11250: 11235: 11210: 11209: 11199: 11175: 11169: 11168: 11150: 11144: 11143: 11132:10.1037/a0020400 11115: 11109: 11108: 11100: 11094: 11093: 11075: 11043: 11037: 11036: 11031:Bloom P (2016). 11028: 11022: 11021: 11013: 11007: 11006: 10996: 10985:10.1037/a0014123 10967:Grühn D (2008). 10964: 10958: 10957: 10929: 10923: 10922: 10882: 10873: 10872: 10862: 10836: 10827: 10818: 10817: 10797: 10791: 10790: 10770: 10760: 10754: 10750: 10729: 10708: 10685: 10679: 10678: 10646: 10640: 10639: 10637: 10635: 10629:Psychology Today 10620: 10611: 10610: 10582: 10573: 10569: 10564:Klein R (1995). 10560: 10551: 10531: 10525: 10524: 10507: 10501: 10500: 10464: 10458: 10457: 10456:on May 16, 2013. 10455: 10449:. Archived from 10424: 10415: 10409: 10408: 10398: 10358: 10352: 10351: 10349: 10347: 10332: 10326: 10325: 10293: 10287: 10286: 10276: 10266: 10242: 10236: 10235: 10225: 10193: 10187: 10183: 10174: 10163: 10157: 10153: 10140: 10138: 10136: 10113: 10107: 10103: 10070:(10): 2288–304. 10057: 10047: 10012: 10006: 10005: 9965: 9956: 9955: 9923: 9914: 9913: 9873: 9864: 9861: 9852: 9848: 9838: 9813: 9811: 9805:. Archived from 9772: 9762: 9752: 9719: 9708: 9702: 9698: 9696: 9690:, archived from 9689: 9677: 9675: 9673: 9649: 9630: 9583: 9577: 9573: 9568:Hare RD (1991). 9564: 9553: 9547: 9546: 9536: 9511:(8): 3118–3132. 9496: 9490: 9489: 9464:(5): 2006–2020. 9449: 9443: 9442: 9432: 9392: 9386: 9385: 9375: 9335: 9329: 9328: 9318: 9286: 9280: 9279: 9269: 9245: 9239: 9238: 9228: 9188: 9182: 9181: 9171: 9139: 9133: 9132: 9130: 9124:. Archived from 9091: 9082: 9076: 9075: 9065: 9040:(5): 1515–1525. 9025: 9019: 9018: 8990: 8984: 8983: 8940: 8934: 8933: 8893: 8887: 8886: 8868: 8859: 8858: 8848: 8816: 8805: 8804: 8768: 8757: 8753: 8729: 8704: 8698: 8697: 8679: 8673: 8669: 8647: 8637: 8602: 8596: 8595: 8575: 8569: 8568: 8536: 8530: 8529: 8519: 8490:Riess H (2017). 8487: 8481: 8480: 8432: 8426: 8422: 8404: 8367: 8341: 8320: 8310: 8283: 8277: 8273: 8263: 8238: 8228: 8201: 8195: 8194: 8184: 8160: 8154: 8150: 8140: 8130: 8105: 8066: 8060: 8056: 8011: 7972: 7966: 7965: 7929: 7923: 7922: 7904: 7872: 7866: 7865: 7837: 7828: 7827: 7817: 7785: 7779: 7778: 7768: 7758: 7741:(37): 15118–22. 7726: 7720: 7719: 7714:. Archived from 7705: 7687: 7678: 7672: 7668: 7658: 7625: 7615: 7605: 7570: 7564: 7563: 7531: 7525: 7524: 7514: 7474: 7468: 7467: 7439: 7433: 7432: 7401:Animal Cognition 7398: 7389: 7383: 7382: 7372: 7362: 7330: 7324: 7323: 7312: 7306: 7305: 7295: 7285: 7253: 7247: 7246: 7236: 7226: 7202: 7196: 7195: 7151: 7145: 7144: 7116: 7107: 7106: 7058: 7052: 7051: 7041: 7001: 6995: 6991: 6970: 6949: 6943: 6942: 6914: 6908: 6907: 6876:Neuropsychologia 6871: 6865: 6864: 6828: 6822: 6821: 6811: 6775: 6769: 6768: 6748: 6742: 6741: 6731: 6689: 6683: 6682: 6646: 6640: 6639: 6608:Neuropsychologia 6599: 6590: 6589: 6575: 6547: 6524: 6523: 6518:Ickes W (1997). 6515: 6506: 6505: 6485: 6472: 6471: 6461: 6451: 6419: 6413: 6412: 6410: 6378: 6372: 6371: 6335: 6329: 6325: 6302: 6259: 6253: 6252: 6212: 6206: 6205: 6174:Neuropsychologia 6169: 6158: 6157: 6125: 6119: 6115: 6078: 6053: 6010: 6004: 6003: 5985: 5976: 5975: 5939: 5933: 5932: 5922: 5912: 5880: 5874: 5873: 5837: 5831: 5830: 5828: 5822:. Archived from 5789: 5780: 5774: 5773: 5763: 5731: 5725: 5724: 5711: 5705: 5704: 5675: 5669: 5668: 5644: 5638: 5637: 5597: 5591: 5587: 5550: 5511: 5502: 5501: 5469: 5460: 5459: 5451: 5445: 5444: 5420: 5414: 5413: 5405: 5388: 5387: 5355: 5349: 5345: 5335: 5310: 5279: 5273: 5272: 5252: 5246: 5242: 5204: 5194: 5159: 5153: 5149: 5123: 5090: 5051: 5045: 5044: 5034: 5002: 4985: 4984: 4966: 4960: 4959: 4957: 4955: 4935: 4929: 4928: 4918: 4908: 4884: 4875: 4874: 4838: 4829: 4828: 4826: 4816: 4792: 4786: 4785: 4773: 4760: 4749: 4748: 4722: 4698: 4687: 4683: 4632: 4591: 4578: 4577: 4575: 4546:Davis M (1983). 4543: 4532: 4531: 4529: 4498: 4489: 4483: 4482: 4472: 4463:(Pt 3): 617–27. 4448: 4435: 4434: 4432: 4426:. Archived from 4393: 4384: 4351: 4350: 4332: 4326: 4325: 4323: 4317:. Archived from 4292: 4283: 4277: 4276: 4258: 4234: 4228: 4227: 4207: 4196: 4195: 4167: 4158: 4154: 4144: 4134: 4101: 4091: 4064: 4058: 4057: 4047: 4015: 4009: 4008: 3976: 3970: 3966: 3945: 3902: 3896: 3892: 3874: 3849: 3816: 3779: 3750: 3735: 3729: 3728: 3710: 3704: 3703: 3685: 3676: 3670: 3669: 3633: 3622: 3618: 3581: 3542: 3536: 3535: 3529: 3521: 3503: 3494: 3493: 3485: 3479: 3478: 3476: 3474: 3459: 3453: 3449: 3418:The Art Bulletin 3412: 3386: 3365: 3363: 3348: 3336: 3330: 3329: 3311: 3300: 3279: 3278: 3272: 3266: 3265: 3251: 3245: 3244: 3204: 3198: 3197: 3157: 3146: 3142: 3113: 3084: 3063: 3052: 3051: 3023: 2881:Empathic concern 2745: 2674: 2588: 2568:John Stuart Mill 2418:Empathy-altruism 2403:Empathy backfire 2358: 2242: 2237: 2192: 2103:ventral striatum 2091:conduct disorder 2049:Other conditions 2020: 2015: 1965: 1865:conduct disorder 1837:bipolar disorder 1777:cingulate cortex 1725: 1704: 1544:Neuropsychologia 1523:inferior frontal 1464:Empathy Quotient 1442: 1435: 1428: 1414:equality paradox 1409:Sociolinguistics 1213:Mental disorders 1139: 1120: 1119: 1035:phenomenological 1025:(EQ) created by 1023:Empathy Quotient 956:Fritz Breithaupt 890:social cognition 879: 878: 858:Empathic concern 848: 847: 806:empathic concern 739: 738: 733: 723: 713: 705: 704: 700:, "in, at") and 699: 693: 692: 687: 681: 680: 623: 616: 609: 95: 90: 67: 66: 21: 16488: 16487: 16483: 16482: 16481: 16479: 16478: 16477: 16473:Social emotions 16423: 16422: 16421: 16412: 16355: 16273: 16100: 16027: 15977: 15500: 15486:Three Treasures 15403:Virtue families 15398: 15372:Moral character 15355: 15350: 15320: 15315: 15289: 15255:Macdonald triad 15213: 15142:Characteristics 15137: 15116: 15111: 15081: 15076: 15067:Autism-friendly 15055: 15029: 15003: 14972: 14927: 14881: 14847:Noonan syndrome 14807:CHARGE syndrome 14778: 14713: 14679:Savant syndrome 14616: 14610: 14567: 14548:Pathophysiology 14501: 14496: 14466: 14461: 14447: 14416: 14336: 14295: 14281:Messiah complex 14239: 14234: 14204: 14199: 14189: 14130:Jealousy in art 13873:in conversation 13795:Amygdala hijack 13708: 13646: 13640: 13631: 13620:sense of wonder 12948: 12938: 12787: 12768: 12767: 12755: 12739: 12737:Further reading 12734: 12733: 12729: 12705:Hunt L (2007). 12700: 12696: 12681: 12677: 12666: 12662: 12651: 12647: 12600: 12596: 12592: 12586: 12560: 12556: 12531: 12524: 12517: 12503: 12499: 12444: 12440: 12427: 12426: 12422: 12411: 12407: 12396: 12392: 12382: 12380: 12372: 12371: 12367: 12356: 12352: 12333: 12329: 12322: 12308: 12304: 12293: 12289: 12279: 12277: 12273: 12272: 12268: 12257: 12253: 12242: 12238: 12227: 12223: 12212: 12208: 12204: 12116: 12112: 12073: 12069: 12061: 12057: 12022: 12015: 12011: 11870: 11866: 11823: 11819: 11812: 11792: 11788: 11761: 11757: 11704: 11700: 11677: 11673: 11650: 11646: 11631: 11627: 11608: 11604: 11600: 11551: 11534: 11518: 11514: 11510: 11479: 11446:(12): 1068–74. 11404: 11400: 11371:(11): 1716–23. 11361: 11357: 11318: 11311: 11258: 11254: 11237: 11236: 11213: 11176: 11172: 11165: 11151: 11147: 11116: 11112: 11101: 11097: 11058:(11): 2957–62. 11044: 11040: 11029: 11025: 11014: 11010: 10965: 10961: 10930: 10926: 10883: 10876: 10834: 10828: 10821: 10814: 10798: 10794: 10779: 10761: 10757: 10753: 10747: 10686: 10682: 10647: 10643: 10633: 10631: 10621: 10614: 10583: 10576: 10572: 10536: 10532: 10528: 10509: 10508: 10504: 10465: 10461: 10453: 10422: 10416: 10412: 10359: 10355: 10345: 10343: 10333: 10329: 10294: 10290: 10243: 10239: 10202:JAMA Psychiatry 10194: 10190: 10186: 10164: 10160: 10156: 10134: 10132: 10114: 10110: 10106: 10013: 10009: 9966: 9959: 9924: 9917: 9874: 9867: 9862: 9855: 9851: 9809: 9770: 9735:(2–3): 107–28. 9709: 9705: 9701: 9694: 9687: 9671: 9669: 9667: 9646: 9584: 9580: 9576: 9554: 9550: 9497: 9493: 9450: 9446: 9393: 9389: 9336: 9332: 9287: 9283: 9246: 9242: 9189: 9185: 9140: 9136: 9128: 9089: 9083: 9079: 9026: 9022: 9015: 8991: 8987: 8941: 8937: 8894: 8890: 8883: 8869: 8862: 8817: 8808: 8769: 8760: 8756: 8750: 8734:Ramachandran VS 8705: 8701: 8680: 8676: 8672: 8603: 8599: 8576: 8572: 8537: 8533: 8488: 8484: 8433: 8429: 8425: 8339:10.1.1.391.8127 8284: 8280: 8276: 8202: 8198: 8161: 8157: 8153: 8067: 8063: 8059: 7973: 7969: 7930: 7926: 7881:Current Biology 7873: 7869: 7838: 7831: 7786: 7782: 7727: 7723: 7685: 7679: 7675: 7671: 7641:(16): 6506–16. 7588:(45): 18881–2. 7571: 7567: 7532: 7528: 7475: 7471: 7440: 7436: 7396: 7390: 7386: 7345:(27): 12110–5. 7331: 7327: 7322:. May 20, 2019. 7314: 7313: 7309: 7268:(45): 18121–6. 7254: 7250: 7203: 7199: 7152: 7148: 7117: 7110: 7059: 7055: 7002: 6998: 6994: 6988: 6967: 6950: 6946: 6915: 6911: 6882:(12): 3585–95. 6872: 6868: 6829: 6825: 6776: 6772: 6749: 6745: 6690: 6686: 6647: 6643: 6600: 6593: 6548: 6527: 6516: 6509: 6502: 6486: 6475: 6434:(3): e0120639. 6420: 6416: 6379: 6375: 6336: 6332: 6328: 6260: 6256: 6213: 6209: 6180:(11): 2607–14. 6170: 6161: 6126: 6122: 6118: 6075: 6011: 6007: 6000: 5986: 5979: 5940: 5936: 5895:(4): e0216164. 5881: 5877: 5838: 5834: 5826: 5787: 5781: 5777: 5732: 5728: 5712: 5708: 5676: 5672: 5645: 5641: 5618:10.2307/1130882 5598: 5594: 5590: 5512: 5505: 5470: 5463: 5452: 5448: 5421: 5417: 5406: 5391: 5356: 5352: 5348: 5280: 5276: 5253: 5249: 5245: 5160: 5156: 5152: 5052: 5048: 5003: 4988: 4981: 4973:. Sounds True. 4967: 4963: 4953: 4951: 4936: 4932: 4885: 4878: 4839: 4832: 4793: 4789: 4782: 4774:. Basic Books. 4761: 4752: 4720:10.1.1.511.3950 4699: 4690: 4686: 4645: 4641:Wayback Machine 4592: 4581: 4544: 4535: 4527: 4496: 4490: 4486: 4449: 4438: 4430: 4391: 4385: 4354: 4347: 4333: 4329: 4321: 4290: 4284: 4280: 4235: 4231: 4208: 4199: 4192: 4168: 4161: 4157: 4117:(2): e0172471. 4065: 4061: 4016: 4012: 3977: 3973: 3969: 3903: 3899: 3895: 3736: 3732: 3725: 3711: 3707: 3683: 3677: 3673: 3634: 3625: 3621: 3543: 3539: 3523: 3522: 3518: 3504: 3497: 3486: 3482: 3472: 3470: 3461: 3460: 3456: 3452: 3384:10.1.1.143.2396 3371:Psychopathology 3361: 3346: 3337: 3333: 3326: 3312: 3303: 3297:Perseus Project 3273: 3269: 3252: 3248: 3205: 3201: 3158: 3149: 3145: 3081: 3064: 3055: 3024: 3020: 3015: 3010: 2991:Social emotions 2850:Digital empathy 2827: 2818:Hannibal Lecter 2771:superhero media 2746: 2743: 2736: 2719: 2713: 2682: 2672: 2668: 2631:Marie Miyashiro 2615:Harley-Davidson 2595: 2586: 2580: 2572:epistemological 2555: 2527: 2510: 2505: 2500: 2487: 2481: 2465: 2460: 2420: 2414: 2405: 2356: 2349: 2343: 2327: 2313: 2258:Against Empathy 2249: 2240: 2235: 2223: 2207: 2190: 2175: 2119:moral reasoning 2051: 2024:Neuroscientist 2018: 2013: 1963: 1920: 1877: 1825: 1756: 1736: 1723: 1702: 1682: 1676: 1670: 1600:animal behavior 1596: 1562:parenting style 1558: 1460: 1446: 1233:substance abuse 1208:Life expectancy 1118: 1116:Sex differences 1101: 1089:Sally–Anne test 1056: 1051: 1037:perspective on 996: 968: 876: 875: 845: 844: 837: 794: 789: 758: 659: 627: 598: 597: 596: 161: 160: 151: 130:Self-regulation 128: 52: 41: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 16486: 16476: 16475: 16470: 16465: 16460: 16455: 16450: 16445: 16440: 16435: 16418: 16417: 16414: 16413: 16411: 16410: 16401: 16394: 16385: 16378: 16371: 16363: 16361: 16357: 16356: 16354: 16353: 16346: 16337: 16330: 16323: 16314: 16305: 16296: 16289: 16281: 16279: 16275: 16274: 16272: 16271: 16264: 16257: 16244: 16237: 16230: 16223: 16216: 16209: 16202: 16195: 16188: 16181: 16172: 16165: 16158: 16151: 16144: 16137: 16130: 16123: 16116: 16108: 16106: 16102: 16101: 16099: 16098: 16091: 16084: 16075: 16066: 16059: 16052: 16043: 16035: 16033: 16029: 16028: 16026: 16025: 16018: 16009: 16002: 15995: 15985: 15983: 15976: 15975: 15970: 15965: 15960: 15955: 15950: 15945: 15940: 15935: 15930: 15925: 15920: 15915: 15910: 15905: 15900: 15895: 15890: 15885: 15880: 15875: 15870: 15865: 15860: 15855: 15850: 15845: 15844: 15843: 15833: 15828: 15823: 15818: 15813: 15808: 15803: 15798: 15793: 15788: 15783: 15778: 15773: 15768: 15763: 15758: 15753: 15752: 15751: 15746: 15736: 15731: 15726: 15721: 15716: 15711: 15706: 15701: 15696: 15691: 15686: 15681: 15676: 15671: 15666: 15661: 15656: 15651: 15646: 15641: 15636: 15631: 15626: 15621: 15616: 15611: 15606: 15601: 15596: 15591: 15586: 15585: 15584: 15579: 15569: 15564: 15559: 15554: 15549: 15544: 15539: 15534: 15529: 15524: 15519: 15514: 15512:Accountability 15508: 15506: 15502: 15501: 15499: 15498: 15493: 15488: 15483: 15478: 15473: 15468: 15463: 15458: 15451: 15446: 15441: 15436: 15431: 15426: 15421: 15414: 15406: 15404: 15400: 15399: 15397: 15396: 15391: 15386: 15381: 15374: 15369: 15363: 15361: 15357: 15356: 15349: 15348: 15341: 15334: 15326: 15317: 15316: 15314: 15313: 15311:Robert D. Hare 15308: 15303: 15297: 15295: 15291: 15290: 15288: 15287: 15282: 15277: 15272: 15267: 15262: 15257: 15252: 15247: 15242: 15237: 15232: 15227: 15221: 15219: 15218:Related topics 15215: 15214: 15212: 15211: 15206: 15204:Shallow affect 15201: 15196: 15191: 15186: 15181: 15176: 15171: 15166: 15161: 15156: 15151: 15145: 15143: 15139: 15138: 15136: 15135: 15130: 15124: 15122: 15118: 15117: 15110: 15109: 15102: 15095: 15087: 15078: 15077: 15075: 15074: 15069: 15063: 15061: 15060:Accommodations 15057: 15056: 15054: 15053: 15048: 15043: 15037: 15035: 15031: 15030: 15028: 15027: 15022: 15017: 15011: 15009: 15005: 15004: 15002: 15001: 14996: 14991: 14986: 14980: 14978: 14974: 14973: 14971: 14970: 14969: 14968: 14958: 14953: 14948: 14943: 14937: 14935: 14929: 14928: 14926: 14925: 14920: 14918:TEACCH program 14915: 14913:Neurodiversity 14910: 14905: 14900: 14895: 14889: 14887: 14886:Related issues 14883: 14882: 14880: 14879: 14874: 14869: 14864: 14859: 14854: 14849: 14844: 14839: 14834: 14829: 14824: 14819: 14814: 14812:Cohen syndrome 14809: 14804: 14799: 14794: 14788: 14786: 14780: 14779: 14777: 14776: 14771: 14766: 14761: 14756: 14751: 14746: 14745: 14744: 14734: 14729: 14723: 14721: 14715: 14714: 14712: 14711: 14706: 14701: 14696: 14691: 14686: 14681: 14676: 14671: 14666: 14661: 14656: 14651: 14646: 14641: 14636: 14631: 14626: 14620: 14618: 14612: 14611: 14609: 14608: 14603: 14602: 14601: 14596: 14591: 14586: 14584:Classic autism 14575: 14573: 14569: 14568: 14566: 14565: 14560: 14555: 14553:Sex and gender 14550: 14545: 14540: 14535: 14530: 14525: 14520: 14515: 14509: 14507: 14503: 14502: 14495: 14494: 14487: 14480: 14472: 14463: 14462: 14452: 14449: 14448: 14446: 14445: 14440: 14435: 14430: 14424: 14422: 14418: 14417: 14415: 14414: 14409: 14408: 14407: 14402: 14397: 14392: 14387: 14382: 14373: 14372: 14367: 14362: 14357: 14356: 14355: 14344: 14342: 14338: 14337: 14335: 14334: 14329: 14324: 14319: 14314: 14309: 14303: 14301: 14297: 14296: 14294: 14293: 14288: 14283: 14278: 14273: 14268: 14263: 14258: 14253: 14247: 14245: 14241: 14240: 14233: 14232: 14225: 14218: 14210: 14201: 14200: 14194: 14191: 14190: 14188: 14187: 14186: 14185: 14183:somatic marker 14180: 14175: 14170: 14165: 14157: 14155:Stoic passions 14152: 14147: 14142: 14137: 14132: 14127: 14122: 14117: 14112: 14111: 14110: 14105: 14103:social sharing 14100: 14095: 14093:self-conscious 14090: 14085: 14080: 14075: 14070: 14065: 14057: 14056: 14055: 14045: 14044: 14043: 14038: 14036:thought method 14033: 14028: 14023: 14018: 14013: 14008: 14003: 14001:lateralization 13998: 13993: 13988: 13983: 13978: 13977: 13976: 13971: 13961: 13960: 13959: 13949: 13944: 13939: 13934: 13929: 13924: 13919: 13914: 13909: 13904: 13896: 13895: 13894: 13889: 13888: 13887: 13877: 13876: 13875: 13865: 13860: 13855: 13850: 13845: 13840: 13835: 13830: 13828:classification 13825: 13820: 13815: 13810: 13805: 13797: 13792: 13787: 13786: 13785: 13780: 13772: 13771: 13770: 13765: 13760: 13755: 13750: 13742: 13741: 13740: 13735: 13730: 13725: 13716: 13714: 13710: 13709: 13707: 13706: 13697: 13692: 13687: 13682: 13677: 13672: 13667: 13662: 13656: 13654: 13648: 13647: 13634: 13632: 13630: 13629: 13624: 13623: 13622: 13612: 13607: 13602: 13597: 13592: 13591: 13590: 13580: 13575: 13570: 13565: 13560: 13555: 13550: 13548:Sentimentality 13545: 13536: 13527: 13518: 13517: 13516: 13506: 13501: 13496: 13491: 13486: 13481: 13476: 13471: 13470: 13469: 13464: 13459: 13454: 13444: 13439: 13438: 13437: 13427: 13422: 13417: 13412: 13407: 13402: 13393: 13388: 13387: 13386: 13384:at first sight 13381: 13371: 13366: 13361: 13356: 13351: 13346: 13341: 13336: 13331: 13326: 13321: 13316: 13308: 13303: 13294: 13289: 13284: 13279: 13274: 13269: 13260: 13255: 13254: 13253: 13241: 13236: 13231: 13226: 13221: 13216: 13211: 13206: 13201: 13196: 13191: 13186: 13181: 13176: 13171: 13166: 13161: 13156: 13155: 13154: 13144: 13139: 13134: 13129: 13124: 13122:Disappointment 13119: 13114: 13109: 13104: 13099: 13094: 13089: 13084: 13079: 13074: 13069: 13064: 13059: 13054: 13049: 13044: 13039: 13034: 13029: 13024: 13019: 13014: 13009: 13004: 12999: 12994: 12989: 12984: 12979: 12974: 12969: 12964: 12958: 12956: 12950: 12949: 12937: 12936: 12929: 12922: 12914: 12908: 12907: 12889: 12876: 12841: 12826: 12814: 12802: 12786: 12785:External links 12783: 12782: 12781: 12753: 12738: 12735: 12732: 12731: 12728: 12727: 12711: 12701: 12694: 12675: 12660: 12645: 12594: 12591: 12590: 12584: 12571: 12561: 12554: 12522: 12515: 12497: 12438: 12420: 12405: 12390: 12365: 12350: 12327: 12320: 12302: 12287: 12266: 12251: 12236: 12221: 12206: 12203: 12202: 12168:(4): 599–613. 12153: 12117: 12110: 12067: 12065:, p. 101. 12055: 12013: 12010: 12009: 11966: 11919: 11871: 11864: 11837:(4): 1267–79. 11817: 11810: 11786: 11755: 11698: 11671: 11644: 11625: 11602: 11599: 11598: 11555: 11549: 11519: 11512: 11509: 11508: 11472: 11435: 11405: 11398: 11355: 11309: 11272:(5): 910–927. 11252: 11211: 11170: 11163: 11145: 11110: 11095: 11038: 11023: 11008: 10959: 10924: 10897:(3): 398–409. 10874: 10819: 10812: 10792: 10777: 10755: 10752: 10751: 10745: 10730: 10709: 10699:(2): 191–200. 10687: 10680: 10641: 10612: 10574: 10571: 10570: 10561: 10552: 10533: 10526: 10502: 10459: 10410: 10353: 10327: 10288: 10237: 10188: 10185: 10184: 10175: 10165: 10158: 10155: 10154: 10141: 10115: 10108: 10105: 10104: 10058: 10014: 10007: 9957: 9915: 9888:(6): 499–511. 9865: 9853: 9850: 9849: 9814: 9763: 9720: 9710: 9703: 9700: 9699: 9678: 9665: 9650: 9644: 9631: 9585: 9578: 9575: 9574: 9565: 9555: 9548: 9491: 9444: 9407:(2): 691–703. 9387: 9350:(1): 193–210. 9330: 9307:10.1038/nn1611 9281: 9240: 9203:(1): 193–210. 9183: 9134: 9077: 9020: 9013: 8985: 8935: 8888: 8881: 8860: 8806: 8758: 8755: 8754: 8748: 8730: 8706: 8699: 8674: 8671: 8670: 8648: 8604: 8597: 8570: 8531: 8482: 8427: 8424: 8423: 8368: 8321: 8285: 8278: 8275: 8274: 8239: 8203: 8196: 8155: 8152: 8151: 8106: 8068: 8061: 8058: 8057: 8012: 7974: 7967: 7924: 7887:(18): 1824–9. 7867: 7829: 7780: 7721: 7696:(8): 1027–36. 7673: 7670: 7669: 7626: 7572: 7565: 7526: 7469: 7434: 7384: 7325: 7307: 7248: 7197: 7146: 7127:(1): 279–300. 7108: 7053: 6996: 6993: 6992: 6986: 6971: 6965: 6951: 6944: 6909: 6866: 6823: 6770: 6755:(PhD thesis). 6743: 6684: 6657:(7): 1164–95. 6641: 6614:(7): 1211–21. 6591: 6525: 6507: 6500: 6473: 6414: 6373: 6330: 6327: 6326: 6303: 6261: 6254: 6207: 6159: 6120: 6117: 6116: 6096:10.1038/nn1729 6079: 6073: 6054: 6028:(4): 1053–80. 6012: 6005: 5998: 5977: 5934: 5875: 5832: 5775: 5746:(10): 1434–8. 5726: 5706: 5670: 5639: 5592: 5589: 5588: 5551: 5513: 5503: 5461: 5446: 5415: 5389: 5370:(2): 652–668. 5350: 5347: 5346: 5326:(3): 541–560. 5311: 5281: 5274: 5247: 5244: 5243: 5205: 5177:(9): 1383–92. 5161: 5154: 5151: 5150: 5106:(3): 293–327. 5091: 5065:(3): 394–404. 5053: 5046: 4986: 4979: 4961: 4930: 4876: 4849:(8): 1062–72. 4830: 4787: 4780: 4750: 4688: 4685: 4684: 4643: 4593: 4579: 4533: 4507:(1): 279–300. 4484: 4436: 4352: 4345: 4327: 4278: 4249:(2): 187–205. 4229: 4197: 4190: 4159: 4156: 4155: 4102: 4066: 4059: 4010: 3991:(3): 267–284. 3971: 3968: 3967: 3946: 3904: 3897: 3894: 3893: 3850: 3817: 3780: 3751: 3737: 3730: 3723: 3705: 3671: 3644:(4): 299–307. 3623: 3620: 3619: 3582: 3544: 3537: 3516: 3495: 3480: 3454: 3451: 3450: 3413: 3366: 3338: 3331: 3324: 3301: 3267: 3246: 3219:(3): 225–243. 3199: 3147: 3144: 3143: 3114: 3085: 3079: 3065: 3053: 3034:(13): 1831–2. 3017: 3016: 3014: 3011: 3009: 3008: 3003: 2998: 2993: 2988: 2983: 2978: 2973: 2968: 2963: 2958: 2953: 2951:Moral emotions 2948: 2943: 2938: 2933: 2928: 2923: 2918: 2913: 2908: 2903: 2898: 2893: 2888: 2883: 2878: 2873: 2868: 2863: 2855:Philip K. Dick 2852: 2847: 2842: 2837: 2828: 2826: 2823: 2741: 2735: 2732: 2715:Main article: 2712: 2709: 2697:Carl R. Rogers 2681: 2678: 2667: 2664: 2650:Patricia Moore 2594: 2591: 2579: 2576: 2554: 2551: 2526: 2523: 2516:, philosopher 2509: 2506: 2504: 2501: 2499: 2496: 2483:Main article: 2480: 2477: 2464: 2461: 2459: 2456: 2425:victim-blaming 2413: 2410: 2404: 2401: 2342: 2339: 2326: 2323: 2312: 2309: 2248: 2245: 2222: 2219: 2206: 2203: 2174: 2171: 2148:, in his book 2050: 2047: 1919: 1916: 1876: 1873: 1824: 1821: 1760:mirror neurons 1755: 1752: 1735: 1732: 1703:outdoor housed 1669: 1666: 1595: 1592: 1557: 1554: 1531:mirror neurons 1448: 1447: 1445: 1444: 1437: 1430: 1422: 1419: 1418: 1417: 1416: 1411: 1406: 1404:Social support 1401: 1399:Social capital 1396: 1391: 1386: 1381: 1380: 1379: 1369: 1361: 1360: 1356: 1355: 1354: 1353: 1352: 1351: 1346: 1341: 1336: 1331: 1323: 1318: 1313: 1308: 1303: 1302: 1301: 1291: 1286: 1285: 1284: 1274: 1269: 1261: 1260: 1250: 1249: 1248: 1247: 1242: 1241: 1240: 1235: 1230: 1225: 1220: 1210: 1205: 1197: 1196: 1186: 1185: 1184: 1183: 1182: 1181: 1171: 1166: 1161: 1160: 1159: 1146: 1145: 1141: 1140: 1132: 1131: 1125: 1124: 1117: 1114: 1100: 1097: 1080:theory of mind 1055: 1052: 1050: 1047: 995: 992: 967: 964: 943:social empathy 931: 930: 929: 928: 925: 922: 919: 902:theory of mind 872: 871: 870: 867: 861: 850:, also called 836: 835:Classification 833: 793: 790: 779:proprioceptive 757: 754: 658: 655: 629: 628: 626: 625: 618: 611: 603: 600: 599: 595: 594: 589: 584: 579: 574: 569: 564: 559: 554: 549: 544: 539: 534: 529: 524: 519: 514: 509: 504: 499: 494: 489: 484: 479: 474: 469: 464: 459: 454: 449: 444: 439: 434: 429: 424: 419: 414: 409: 404: 399: 394: 389: 384: 379: 374: 369: 364: 359: 354: 349: 344: 339: 334: 329: 324: 319: 314: 309: 304: 299: 294: 289: 287:Disappointment 284: 279: 274: 269: 264: 259: 254: 249: 244: 239: 234: 229: 224: 219: 214: 209: 204: 199: 194: 189: 184: 179: 174: 169: 163: 162: 158: 157: 156: 153: 152: 150: 149: 144: 143: 142: 137: 126: 121: 116: 111: 109:Classification 106: 100: 97: 96: 83: 82: 76: 75: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 16485: 16474: 16471: 16469: 16466: 16464: 16461: 16459: 16456: 16454: 16451: 16449: 16446: 16444: 16441: 16439: 16436: 16434: 16431: 16430: 16428: 16408: 16407: 16402: 16400: 16399: 16395: 16392: 16391: 16386: 16384: 16383: 16379: 16377: 16376: 16372: 16370: 16369: 16365: 16364: 16362: 16358: 16352: 16351: 16347: 16344: 16343: 16338: 16336: 16335: 16331: 16329: 16328: 16324: 16321: 16320: 16315: 16312: 16311: 16306: 16303: 16302: 16297: 16295: 16294: 16290: 16288: 16287: 16283: 16282: 16280: 16276: 16270: 16269: 16265: 16263: 16262: 16258: 16256: 16255: 16250: 16249: 16245: 16243: 16242: 16238: 16236: 16235: 16231: 16229: 16228: 16224: 16222: 16221: 16217: 16215: 16214: 16210: 16208: 16207: 16203: 16201: 16200: 16196: 16194: 16193: 16189: 16187: 16186: 16182: 16179: 16178: 16173: 16171: 16170: 16166: 16164: 16163: 16159: 16157: 16156: 16152: 16150: 16149: 16145: 16143: 16142: 16138: 16136: 16135: 16131: 16129: 16128: 16124: 16122: 16121: 16117: 16115: 16114: 16110: 16109: 16107: 16103: 16097: 16096: 16092: 16090: 16089: 16085: 16082: 16081: 16076: 16073: 16072: 16067: 16065: 16064: 16060: 16058: 16057: 16053: 16050: 16049: 16044: 16042: 16041: 16037: 16036: 16034: 16030: 16024: 16023: 16019: 16016: 16015: 16010: 16008: 16007: 16003: 16001: 16000: 15996: 15993: 15992: 15987: 15986: 15984: 15980: 15974: 15971: 15969: 15966: 15964: 15961: 15959: 15956: 15954: 15951: 15949: 15946: 15944: 15941: 15939: 15936: 15934: 15933:Sportsmanship 15931: 15929: 15926: 15924: 15921: 15919: 15916: 15914: 15911: 15909: 15906: 15904: 15901: 15899: 15898:Righteousness 15896: 15894: 15891: 15889: 15886: 15884: 15881: 15879: 15876: 15874: 15871: 15869: 15866: 15864: 15861: 15859: 15856: 15854: 15851: 15849: 15846: 15842: 15839: 15838: 15837: 15834: 15832: 15829: 15827: 15824: 15822: 15819: 15817: 15814: 15812: 15811:Nonattachment 15809: 15807: 15804: 15802: 15799: 15797: 15794: 15792: 15789: 15787: 15784: 15782: 15779: 15777: 15774: 15772: 15769: 15767: 15764: 15762: 15759: 15757: 15754: 15750: 15747: 15745: 15742: 15741: 15740: 15737: 15735: 15732: 15730: 15727: 15725: 15722: 15720: 15717: 15715: 15712: 15710: 15707: 15705: 15702: 15700: 15697: 15695: 15692: 15690: 15687: 15685: 15682: 15680: 15677: 15675: 15672: 15670: 15667: 15665: 15662: 15660: 15657: 15655: 15652: 15650: 15647: 15645: 15642: 15640: 15637: 15635: 15632: 15630: 15627: 15625: 15622: 15620: 15617: 15615: 15612: 15610: 15607: 15605: 15602: 15600: 15597: 15595: 15592: 15590: 15587: 15583: 15580: 15578: 15575: 15574: 15573: 15570: 15568: 15565: 15563: 15560: 15558: 15555: 15553: 15550: 15548: 15545: 15543: 15540: 15538: 15535: 15533: 15530: 15528: 15525: 15523: 15520: 15518: 15515: 15513: 15510: 15509: 15507: 15503: 15497: 15494: 15492: 15489: 15487: 15484: 15482: 15479: 15477: 15474: 15472: 15471:Seven virtues 15469: 15467: 15464: 15462: 15459: 15457: 15456: 15452: 15450: 15447: 15445: 15442: 15440: 15437: 15435: 15432: 15430: 15427: 15425: 15422: 15420: 15419: 15418:Brahmavihārās 15415: 15413: 15412: 15408: 15407: 15405: 15401: 15395: 15394:Virtue ethics 15392: 15390: 15387: 15385: 15382: 15380: 15379: 15375: 15373: 15370: 15368: 15365: 15364: 15362: 15360:About virtues 15358: 15354: 15347: 15342: 15340: 15335: 15333: 15328: 15327: 15324: 15312: 15309: 15307: 15304: 15302: 15299: 15298: 15296: 15292: 15286: 15283: 15281: 15278: 15276: 15273: 15271: 15268: 15266: 15263: 15261: 15258: 15256: 15253: 15251: 15248: 15246: 15243: 15241: 15238: 15236: 15233: 15231: 15228: 15226: 15223: 15222: 15220: 15216: 15210: 15207: 15205: 15202: 15200: 15197: 15195: 15192: 15190: 15187: 15185: 15184:Lack of guilt 15182: 15180: 15177: 15175: 15172: 15170: 15167: 15165: 15162: 15160: 15157: 15155: 15152: 15150: 15147: 15146: 15144: 15140: 15134: 15131: 15129: 15126: 15125: 15123: 15119: 15115: 15108: 15103: 15101: 15096: 15094: 15089: 15088: 15085: 15073: 15070: 15068: 15065: 15064: 15062: 15058: 15052: 15049: 15047: 15044: 15042: 15039: 15038: 15036: 15032: 15026: 15023: 15021: 15018: 15016: 15013: 15012: 15010: 15006: 15000: 14997: 14995: 14992: 14990: 14987: 14985: 14982: 14981: 14979: 14975: 14967: 14964: 14963: 14962: 14959: 14957: 14954: 14952: 14949: 14947: 14944: 14942: 14939: 14938: 14936: 14934: 14933:Controversies 14930: 14924: 14921: 14919: 14916: 14914: 14911: 14909: 14906: 14904: 14901: 14899: 14896: 14894: 14891: 14890: 14888: 14884: 14878: 14875: 14873: 14870: 14868: 14865: 14863: 14860: 14858: 14857:Rett syndrome 14855: 14853: 14850: 14848: 14845: 14843: 14840: 14838: 14835: 14833: 14830: 14828: 14825: 14823: 14822:Down syndrome 14820: 14818: 14815: 14813: 14810: 14808: 14805: 14803: 14800: 14798: 14795: 14793: 14790: 14789: 14787: 14785: 14781: 14775: 14772: 14770: 14767: 14765: 14762: 14760: 14757: 14755: 14752: 14750: 14747: 14743: 14740: 14739: 14738: 14735: 14733: 14730: 14728: 14725: 14724: 14722: 14720: 14716: 14710: 14707: 14705: 14702: 14700: 14697: 14695: 14692: 14690: 14687: 14685: 14682: 14680: 14677: 14675: 14672: 14670: 14667: 14665: 14662: 14660: 14657: 14655: 14652: 14650: 14647: 14645: 14642: 14640: 14637: 14635: 14632: 14630: 14627: 14625: 14622: 14621: 14619: 14617:and phenomena 14613: 14607: 14604: 14600: 14597: 14595: 14592: 14590: 14587: 14585: 14582: 14581: 14580: 14577: 14576: 14574: 14570: 14564: 14561: 14559: 14556: 14554: 14551: 14549: 14546: 14544: 14541: 14539: 14536: 14534: 14531: 14529: 14526: 14524: 14521: 14519: 14516: 14514: 14511: 14510: 14508: 14504: 14500: 14493: 14488: 14486: 14481: 14479: 14474: 14473: 14470: 14460: 14450: 14444: 14441: 14439: 14436: 14434: 14431: 14429: 14426: 14425: 14423: 14419: 14413: 14410: 14406: 14403: 14401: 14398: 14396: 14395:mortification 14393: 14391: 14388: 14386: 14383: 14381: 14378: 14377: 14376:Narcissistic 14375: 14374: 14371: 14368: 14366: 14363: 14361: 14358: 14354: 14351: 14350: 14349: 14346: 14345: 14343: 14339: 14333: 14330: 14328: 14327:Me generation 14325: 14323: 14320: 14318: 14315: 14313: 14310: 14308: 14305: 14304: 14302: 14298: 14292: 14289: 14287: 14284: 14282: 14279: 14277: 14274: 14272: 14269: 14267: 14264: 14262: 14259: 14257: 14254: 14252: 14249: 14248: 14246: 14242: 14238: 14231: 14226: 14224: 14219: 14217: 14212: 14211: 14208: 14197: 14192: 14184: 14181: 14179: 14176: 14174: 14171: 14169: 14166: 14164: 14161: 14160: 14158: 14156: 14153: 14151: 14148: 14146: 14143: 14141: 14138: 14136: 14133: 14131: 14128: 14126: 14123: 14121: 14118: 14116: 14113: 14109: 14106: 14104: 14101: 14099: 14096: 14094: 14091: 14089: 14086: 14084: 14081: 14079: 14076: 14074: 14071: 14069: 14066: 14064: 14061: 14060: 14058: 14054: 14051: 14050: 14049: 14046: 14042: 14039: 14037: 14034: 14032: 14029: 14027: 14024: 14022: 14019: 14017: 14014: 14012: 14009: 14007: 14004: 14002: 13999: 13997: 13994: 13992: 13989: 13987: 13984: 13982: 13979: 13975: 13972: 13970: 13967: 13966: 13965: 13962: 13958: 13955: 13954: 13953: 13950: 13948: 13945: 13943: 13940: 13938: 13937:dysregulation 13935: 13933: 13930: 13928: 13925: 13923: 13920: 13918: 13915: 13913: 13910: 13908: 13905: 13903: 13900: 13899: 13897: 13893: 13890: 13886: 13885:interpersonal 13883: 13882: 13881: 13878: 13874: 13871: 13870: 13869: 13866: 13864: 13861: 13859: 13856: 13854: 13851: 13849: 13846: 13844: 13841: 13839: 13836: 13834: 13831: 13829: 13826: 13824: 13821: 13819: 13816: 13814: 13811: 13809: 13806: 13804: 13801: 13800: 13798: 13796: 13793: 13791: 13788: 13784: 13781: 13779: 13776: 13775: 13773: 13769: 13766: 13764: 13761: 13759: 13756: 13754: 13751: 13749: 13746: 13745: 13743: 13739: 13738:in psychology 13736: 13734: 13731: 13729: 13726: 13724: 13723:consciousness 13721: 13720: 13718: 13717: 13715: 13711: 13704: 13703: 13698: 13696: 13693: 13691: 13688: 13686: 13683: 13681: 13678: 13676: 13673: 13671: 13668: 13666: 13663: 13661: 13658: 13657: 13655: 13653: 13649: 13644: 13638: 13628: 13625: 13621: 13618: 13617: 13616: 13613: 13611: 13608: 13606: 13603: 13601: 13598: 13596: 13593: 13589: 13586: 13585: 13584: 13581: 13579: 13576: 13574: 13571: 13569: 13566: 13564: 13561: 13559: 13556: 13554: 13551: 13549: 13546: 13543: 13542: 13537: 13534: 13533: 13532:Schadenfreude 13528: 13525: 13524: 13519: 13515: 13512: 13511: 13510: 13507: 13505: 13502: 13500: 13497: 13495: 13492: 13490: 13487: 13485: 13482: 13480: 13477: 13475: 13472: 13468: 13465: 13463: 13460: 13458: 13455: 13453: 13450: 13449: 13448: 13445: 13443: 13440: 13436: 13433: 13432: 13431: 13428: 13426: 13423: 13421: 13418: 13416: 13413: 13411: 13408: 13406: 13403: 13400: 13399: 13398:Mono no aware 13394: 13392: 13389: 13385: 13382: 13380: 13377: 13376: 13375: 13372: 13370: 13367: 13365: 13362: 13360: 13357: 13355: 13352: 13350: 13347: 13345: 13342: 13340: 13337: 13335: 13332: 13330: 13327: 13325: 13322: 13320: 13317: 13315: 13313: 13309: 13307: 13304: 13301: 13300: 13295: 13293: 13290: 13288: 13285: 13283: 13280: 13278: 13275: 13273: 13270: 13267: 13266: 13261: 13259: 13256: 13252: 13251: 13250:Joie de vivre 13247: 13246: 13245: 13242: 13240: 13237: 13235: 13232: 13230: 13227: 13225: 13222: 13220: 13219:Gratification 13217: 13215: 13212: 13210: 13207: 13205: 13202: 13200: 13197: 13195: 13192: 13190: 13187: 13185: 13182: 13180: 13177: 13175: 13172: 13170: 13167: 13165: 13162: 13160: 13157: 13153: 13150: 13149: 13148: 13147:Embarrassment 13145: 13143: 13140: 13138: 13135: 13133: 13130: 13128: 13125: 13123: 13120: 13118: 13115: 13113: 13110: 13108: 13105: 13103: 13100: 13098: 13095: 13093: 13090: 13088: 13085: 13083: 13080: 13078: 13075: 13073: 13070: 13068: 13065: 13063: 13060: 13058: 13055: 13053: 13052:Belongingness 13050: 13048: 13045: 13043: 13040: 13038: 13035: 13033: 13030: 13028: 13025: 13023: 13020: 13018: 13015: 13013: 13010: 13008: 13005: 13003: 13000: 12998: 12995: 12993: 12990: 12988: 12985: 12983: 12980: 12978: 12975: 12973: 12970: 12968: 12965: 12963: 12960: 12959: 12957: 12955: 12951: 12946: 12942: 12935: 12930: 12928: 12923: 12921: 12916: 12915: 12912: 12904: 12903: 12898: 12894: 12890: 12886: 12882: 12877: 12873: 12869: 12864: 12859: 12855: 12851: 12847: 12842: 12838: 12837: 12832: 12827: 12824: 12819: 12815: 12812: 12807: 12803: 12801:at Wiktionary 12800: 12799: 12793: 12789: 12788: 12778: 12772: 12764: 12760: 12756: 12750: 12746: 12741: 12740: 12724: 12720: 12719: 12712: 12708: 12703: 12702: 12698: 12690: 12686: 12679: 12671: 12664: 12656: 12649: 12641: 12637: 12632: 12627: 12622: 12617: 12613: 12609: 12605: 12598: 12587: 12581: 12577: 12572: 12568: 12563: 12562: 12558: 12550: 12546: 12542: 12538: 12537: 12529: 12527: 12518: 12512: 12508: 12501: 12493: 12489: 12484: 12479: 12475: 12471: 12466: 12461: 12457: 12453: 12449: 12442: 12434: 12430: 12424: 12416: 12409: 12401: 12394: 12379: 12375: 12369: 12361: 12354: 12346: 12342: 12338: 12331: 12323: 12317: 12313: 12306: 12298: 12291: 12276: 12270: 12262: 12255: 12247: 12240: 12232: 12225: 12217: 12210: 12199: 12195: 12191: 12187: 12183: 12179: 12175: 12171: 12167: 12163: 12159: 12154: 12149: 12144: 12140: 12136: 12133:(3): 507–17. 12132: 12128: 12124: 12119: 12118: 12114: 12106: 12102: 12098: 12094: 12090: 12087:(4): 301–25. 12086: 12082: 12078: 12071: 12064: 12059: 12051: 12047: 12043: 12039: 12036:(2): 151–72. 12035: 12031: 12027: 12020: 12018: 12006: 12002: 11997: 11992: 11988: 11984: 11980: 11976: 11972: 11967: 11963: 11959: 11955: 11951: 11946: 11941: 11937: 11933: 11929: 11925: 11920: 11916: 11912: 11908: 11904: 11899: 11894: 11890: 11886: 11882: 11878: 11873: 11872: 11868: 11860: 11856: 11852: 11848: 11844: 11840: 11836: 11832: 11828: 11821: 11813: 11807: 11803: 11799: 11798: 11790: 11782: 11778: 11775:(7): 909–24. 11774: 11770: 11766: 11759: 11751: 11747: 11742: 11737: 11733: 11729: 11725: 11721: 11717: 11713: 11709: 11702: 11694: 11690: 11687:(1): 268–71. 11686: 11682: 11675: 11667: 11663: 11660:(1): 245–67. 11659: 11655: 11648: 11640: 11636: 11629: 11621: 11617: 11613: 11606: 11595: 11591: 11586: 11581: 11577: 11573: 11569: 11565: 11561: 11556: 11552: 11546: 11542: 11541: 11533: 11529: 11525: 11521: 11520: 11516: 11505: 11501: 11497: 11493: 11489: 11485: 11478: 11473: 11469: 11465: 11461: 11457: 11453: 11449: 11445: 11441: 11436: 11432: 11428: 11424: 11420: 11417:(2): 755–62. 11416: 11412: 11407: 11406: 11402: 11394: 11390: 11386: 11382: 11378: 11374: 11370: 11366: 11359: 11351: 11347: 11343: 11339: 11335: 11331: 11327: 11323: 11316: 11314: 11305: 11301: 11296: 11291: 11287: 11283: 11279: 11275: 11271: 11267: 11263: 11256: 11248: 11244: 11240: 11234: 11232: 11230: 11228: 11226: 11224: 11222: 11220: 11218: 11216: 11207: 11203: 11198: 11193: 11190:(1): 149–60. 11189: 11185: 11181: 11174: 11166: 11160: 11156: 11149: 11141: 11137: 11133: 11129: 11126:(6): 964–77. 11125: 11121: 11114: 11106: 11099: 11091: 11087: 11083: 11079: 11074: 11069: 11065: 11061: 11057: 11053: 11049: 11042: 11034: 11027: 11019: 11012: 11004: 11000: 10995: 10990: 10986: 10982: 10979:(6): 753–65. 10978: 10974: 10970: 10963: 10955: 10951: 10947: 10943: 10939: 10935: 10928: 10920: 10916: 10912: 10908: 10904: 10900: 10896: 10892: 10888: 10881: 10879: 10870: 10866: 10861: 10856: 10852: 10848: 10845:: e10, 1–14. 10844: 10840: 10833: 10826: 10824: 10815: 10809: 10805: 10804: 10796: 10788: 10784: 10780: 10774: 10769: 10768: 10759: 10748: 10742: 10738: 10737: 10731: 10727: 10723: 10720:(1): 99–126. 10719: 10715: 10710: 10706: 10702: 10698: 10694: 10689: 10688: 10684: 10676: 10672: 10668: 10664: 10661:(1): 91–119. 10660: 10656: 10652: 10645: 10630: 10626: 10619: 10617: 10608: 10604: 10600: 10596: 10592: 10588: 10581: 10579: 10567: 10562: 10558: 10553: 10549: 10545: 10544: 10539: 10535: 10534: 10530: 10522: 10518: 10517: 10512: 10506: 10498: 10494: 10490: 10486: 10482: 10478: 10474: 10470: 10463: 10452: 10448: 10444: 10440: 10436: 10432: 10428: 10421: 10414: 10406: 10402: 10397: 10392: 10388: 10384: 10380: 10376: 10372: 10368: 10364: 10357: 10342: 10338: 10331: 10323: 10319: 10315: 10311: 10308:(2): 133–49. 10307: 10303: 10299: 10292: 10284: 10280: 10275: 10270: 10265: 10260: 10256: 10252: 10248: 10241: 10233: 10229: 10224: 10219: 10215: 10211: 10208:(6): 638–45. 10207: 10203: 10199: 10192: 10181: 10176: 10172: 10167: 10166: 10162: 10151: 10147: 10142: 10130: 10126: 10122: 10117: 10116: 10112: 10101: 10097: 10093: 10089: 10085: 10081: 10077: 10073: 10069: 10065: 10059: 10055: 10051: 10046: 10041: 10037: 10033: 10029: 10025: 10021: 10016: 10015: 10011: 10003: 9999: 9995: 9991: 9987: 9983: 9980:(2): 201–11. 9979: 9975: 9971: 9964: 9962: 9953: 9949: 9945: 9941: 9937: 9933: 9929: 9922: 9920: 9911: 9907: 9903: 9899: 9895: 9891: 9887: 9883: 9879: 9872: 9870: 9860: 9858: 9846: 9842: 9837: 9832: 9828: 9824: 9820: 9815: 9808: 9804: 9800: 9796: 9792: 9788: 9784: 9780: 9776: 9769: 9764: 9760: 9756: 9751: 9746: 9742: 9738: 9734: 9730: 9726: 9721: 9717: 9712: 9711: 9707: 9693: 9686: 9685: 9679: 9668: 9662: 9658: 9657: 9651: 9647: 9641: 9637: 9632: 9628: 9624: 9620: 9616: 9612: 9608: 9604: 9601:(3): 95–162. 9600: 9596: 9592: 9587: 9586: 9582: 9571: 9566: 9562: 9557: 9556: 9552: 9544: 9540: 9535: 9530: 9526: 9522: 9518: 9514: 9510: 9506: 9502: 9495: 9487: 9483: 9479: 9475: 9471: 9467: 9463: 9459: 9455: 9448: 9440: 9436: 9431: 9426: 9422: 9418: 9414: 9410: 9406: 9402: 9398: 9391: 9383: 9379: 9374: 9369: 9365: 9361: 9357: 9353: 9349: 9345: 9341: 9334: 9326: 9322: 9317: 9312: 9308: 9304: 9300: 9296: 9292: 9285: 9277: 9273: 9268: 9263: 9259: 9255: 9251: 9244: 9236: 9232: 9227: 9222: 9218: 9214: 9210: 9206: 9202: 9198: 9194: 9187: 9179: 9175: 9170: 9165: 9161: 9157: 9153: 9149: 9145: 9138: 9127: 9123: 9119: 9115: 9111: 9107: 9103: 9100:(2): 229–35. 9099: 9095: 9088: 9081: 9073: 9069: 9064: 9059: 9055: 9051: 9047: 9043: 9039: 9035: 9031: 9024: 9016: 9010: 9006: 9002: 8998: 8997: 8989: 8981: 8977: 8973: 8969: 8965: 8961: 8957: 8953: 8949: 8945: 8939: 8931: 8927: 8923: 8919: 8915: 8911: 8907: 8903: 8899: 8892: 8884: 8878: 8874: 8867: 8865: 8856: 8852: 8847: 8842: 8838: 8834: 8831:(2): 203–11. 8830: 8826: 8822: 8815: 8813: 8811: 8802: 8798: 8794: 8790: 8786: 8782: 8778: 8774: 8767: 8765: 8763: 8751: 8745: 8741: 8740: 8735: 8731: 8727: 8723: 8719: 8718: 8713: 8708: 8707: 8703: 8695: 8691: 8690: 8685: 8678: 8667: 8663: 8662: 8661:Science Daily 8657: 8653: 8649: 8645: 8641: 8636: 8631: 8627: 8623: 8619: 8615: 8611: 8606: 8605: 8601: 8593: 8589: 8585: 8581: 8574: 8566: 8562: 8558: 8554: 8550: 8546: 8542: 8535: 8527: 8523: 8518: 8513: 8509: 8505: 8501: 8497: 8493: 8486: 8478: 8474: 8470: 8466: 8462: 8458: 8454: 8450: 8446: 8442: 8438: 8431: 8420: 8416: 8412: 8408: 8403: 8398: 8394: 8390: 8386: 8382: 8378: 8374: 8369: 8365: 8361: 8357: 8353: 8349: 8345: 8340: 8335: 8331: 8327: 8322: 8318: 8314: 8309: 8304: 8300: 8296: 8292: 8287: 8286: 8282: 8271: 8267: 8262: 8257: 8253: 8249: 8245: 8240: 8236: 8232: 8227: 8222: 8219:(2): 335–46. 8218: 8214: 8210: 8205: 8204: 8200: 8192: 8188: 8183: 8178: 8175:(3): 655–64. 8174: 8170: 8166: 8159: 8148: 8144: 8139: 8134: 8129: 8124: 8120: 8116: 8112: 8107: 8103: 8099: 8095: 8091: 8087: 8083: 8080:(6): 666–71. 8079: 8075: 8070: 8069: 8065: 8054: 8050: 8046: 8042: 8038: 8034: 8030: 8026: 8022: 8018: 8013: 8009: 8005: 8001: 7997: 7993: 7989: 7986:(3): 903–11. 7985: 7981: 7976: 7975: 7971: 7963: 7959: 7955: 7951: 7947: 7943: 7940:(4): 319–25. 7939: 7935: 7928: 7920: 7916: 7912: 7908: 7903: 7898: 7894: 7890: 7886: 7882: 7878: 7871: 7863: 7859: 7855: 7851: 7848:(3): 207–36. 7847: 7843: 7836: 7834: 7825: 7821: 7816: 7811: 7807: 7803: 7800:(6): 1402–9. 7799: 7795: 7791: 7784: 7776: 7772: 7767: 7762: 7757: 7752: 7748: 7744: 7740: 7736: 7732: 7725: 7717: 7713: 7709: 7704: 7699: 7695: 7691: 7684: 7677: 7666: 7662: 7657: 7652: 7648: 7644: 7640: 7636: 7632: 7627: 7623: 7619: 7614: 7609: 7604: 7599: 7595: 7591: 7587: 7583: 7579: 7574: 7573: 7569: 7561: 7557: 7553: 7549: 7546:(3): 369–91. 7545: 7541: 7537: 7530: 7522: 7518: 7513: 7508: 7504: 7500: 7496: 7492: 7488: 7484: 7480: 7473: 7465: 7461: 7457: 7453: 7449: 7445: 7438: 7430: 7426: 7422: 7418: 7414: 7410: 7406: 7402: 7395: 7388: 7380: 7376: 7371: 7366: 7361: 7356: 7352: 7348: 7344: 7340: 7336: 7329: 7321: 7317: 7311: 7303: 7299: 7294: 7289: 7284: 7279: 7275: 7271: 7267: 7263: 7259: 7252: 7244: 7240: 7235: 7230: 7225: 7220: 7216: 7212: 7208: 7201: 7193: 7189: 7185: 7181: 7177: 7173: 7169: 7165: 7161: 7157: 7150: 7142: 7138: 7134: 7130: 7126: 7122: 7115: 7113: 7104: 7100: 7096: 7092: 7088: 7084: 7080: 7076: 7072: 7068: 7064: 7057: 7049: 7045: 7040: 7035: 7031: 7027: 7023: 7019: 7015: 7011: 7007: 7000: 6989: 6983: 6979: 6978: 6972: 6968: 6962: 6958: 6953: 6952: 6948: 6940: 6936: 6932: 6928: 6924: 6920: 6913: 6905: 6901: 6897: 6893: 6889: 6885: 6881: 6877: 6870: 6862: 6858: 6854: 6850: 6846: 6842: 6839:(6): 606–23. 6838: 6834: 6827: 6819: 6815: 6810: 6805: 6801: 6797: 6793: 6789: 6785: 6781: 6774: 6766: 6762: 6758: 6754: 6747: 6739: 6735: 6730: 6725: 6721: 6717: 6713: 6709: 6705: 6701: 6700: 6695: 6688: 6680: 6676: 6672: 6668: 6664: 6660: 6656: 6652: 6645: 6637: 6633: 6629: 6625: 6621: 6617: 6613: 6609: 6605: 6598: 6596: 6587: 6583: 6579: 6574: 6569: 6565: 6561: 6557: 6553: 6546: 6544: 6542: 6540: 6538: 6536: 6534: 6532: 6530: 6521: 6514: 6512: 6503: 6497: 6493: 6492: 6484: 6482: 6480: 6478: 6469: 6465: 6460: 6455: 6450: 6445: 6441: 6437: 6433: 6429: 6425: 6418: 6409: 6404: 6400: 6396: 6393:(1): 113–26. 6392: 6388: 6384: 6377: 6369: 6365: 6361: 6357: 6353: 6349: 6345: 6341: 6334: 6323: 6319: 6316:(4): 315–24. 6315: 6311: 6310: 6304: 6300: 6296: 6292: 6288: 6284: 6280: 6276: 6272: 6268: 6263: 6262: 6258: 6250: 6246: 6242: 6238: 6234: 6230: 6227:(1): 103–28. 6226: 6222: 6218: 6211: 6203: 6199: 6195: 6191: 6187: 6183: 6179: 6175: 6168: 6166: 6164: 6155: 6151: 6147: 6143: 6140:(2): 107–30. 6139: 6135: 6131: 6124: 6113: 6109: 6105: 6101: 6097: 6093: 6089: 6085: 6080: 6076: 6070: 6066: 6062: 6061: 6055: 6051: 6047: 6043: 6039: 6035: 6031: 6027: 6023: 6019: 6014: 6013: 6009: 6001: 5995: 5991: 5984: 5982: 5973: 5969: 5965: 5961: 5957: 5953: 5950:(2): 180–98. 5949: 5945: 5938: 5930: 5926: 5921: 5916: 5911: 5906: 5902: 5898: 5894: 5890: 5886: 5879: 5871: 5867: 5863: 5859: 5855: 5851: 5847: 5843: 5836: 5825: 5821: 5817: 5813: 5809: 5805: 5801: 5798:(2): 163–75. 5797: 5793: 5786: 5779: 5771: 5767: 5762: 5757: 5753: 5749: 5745: 5741: 5737: 5730: 5722: 5718: 5710: 5702: 5698: 5694: 5690: 5686: 5682: 5674: 5666: 5662: 5659:(2): 241–50. 5658: 5654: 5650: 5643: 5635: 5631: 5627: 5623: 5619: 5615: 5611: 5607: 5603: 5596: 5585: 5581: 5577: 5573: 5569: 5565: 5561: 5557: 5552: 5548: 5544: 5540: 5536: 5532: 5528: 5525:(2): 234–46. 5524: 5520: 5515: 5514: 5510: 5508: 5499: 5495: 5491: 5487: 5484:(4): 525–43. 5483: 5479: 5475: 5468: 5466: 5457: 5450: 5442: 5438: 5435:(3): 635–53. 5434: 5430: 5426: 5419: 5411: 5404: 5402: 5400: 5398: 5396: 5394: 5385: 5381: 5377: 5373: 5369: 5365: 5361: 5354: 5343: 5339: 5334: 5333:10.18060/2042 5329: 5325: 5321: 5317: 5312: 5308: 5304: 5300: 5296: 5292: 5288: 5283: 5282: 5278: 5270: 5266: 5263:(2): 281–92. 5262: 5258: 5251: 5240: 5236: 5232: 5228: 5224: 5220: 5216: 5212: 5206: 5202: 5198: 5193: 5188: 5184: 5180: 5176: 5172: 5168: 5163: 5162: 5158: 5147: 5143: 5139: 5135: 5131: 5127: 5122: 5117: 5113: 5109: 5105: 5101: 5097: 5092: 5088: 5084: 5080: 5076: 5072: 5068: 5064: 5060: 5055: 5054: 5050: 5042: 5038: 5033: 5028: 5024: 5020: 5017:(6): 727–37. 5016: 5012: 5008: 5001: 4999: 4997: 4995: 4993: 4991: 4982: 4976: 4972: 4965: 4949: 4945: 4941: 4934: 4926: 4922: 4917: 4912: 4907: 4902: 4898: 4894: 4890: 4883: 4881: 4872: 4868: 4864: 4860: 4856: 4852: 4848: 4844: 4837: 4835: 4825: 4820: 4815: 4810: 4806: 4802: 4798: 4791: 4783: 4777: 4772: 4771: 4765: 4764:Baron-Cohen S 4759: 4757: 4755: 4746: 4742: 4738: 4734: 4730: 4726: 4721: 4716: 4712: 4708: 4704: 4697: 4695: 4693: 4681: 4677: 4673: 4669: 4665: 4661: 4657: 4653: 4649: 4644: 4642: 4638: 4635: 4630: 4626: 4622: 4618: 4614: 4610: 4609: 4604: 4602: 4595: 4594: 4590: 4588: 4586: 4584: 4574: 4569: 4565: 4561: 4558:(1): 113–26. 4557: 4553: 4549: 4542: 4540: 4538: 4526: 4522: 4518: 4514: 4510: 4506: 4502: 4495: 4488: 4480: 4476: 4471: 4466: 4462: 4458: 4454: 4447: 4445: 4443: 4441: 4429: 4425: 4421: 4417: 4413: 4409: 4405: 4402:(4): 709–15. 4401: 4397: 4390: 4383: 4381: 4379: 4377: 4375: 4373: 4371: 4369: 4367: 4365: 4363: 4361: 4359: 4357: 4348: 4346:0-7879-4984-1 4342: 4338: 4331: 4320: 4316: 4312: 4308: 4304: 4300: 4296: 4289: 4282: 4274: 4270: 4266: 4262: 4257: 4252: 4248: 4244: 4240: 4233: 4225: 4221: 4217: 4213: 4206: 4204: 4202: 4193: 4187: 4183: 4179: 4176:. Cambridge: 4175: 4174: 4166: 4164: 4152: 4148: 4143: 4138: 4133: 4128: 4124: 4120: 4116: 4112: 4108: 4103: 4099: 4095: 4090: 4085: 4081: 4077: 4073: 4068: 4067: 4063: 4055: 4051: 4046: 4041: 4037: 4033: 4029: 4025: 4021: 4014: 4006: 4002: 3998: 3994: 3990: 3986: 3982: 3975: 3964: 3960: 3956: 3952: 3947: 3943: 3939: 3935: 3931: 3927: 3923: 3920:(4): 339–45. 3919: 3915: 3911: 3906: 3905: 3901: 3890: 3886: 3882: 3878: 3873: 3868: 3864: 3860: 3856: 3851: 3847: 3843: 3839: 3835: 3831: 3827: 3823: 3818: 3814: 3810: 3806: 3802: 3798: 3794: 3790: 3786: 3781: 3777: 3773: 3769: 3765: 3761: 3757: 3752: 3748: 3744: 3739: 3738: 3734: 3726: 3720: 3716: 3709: 3701: 3697: 3694:(5): 437–52. 3693: 3689: 3682: 3675: 3667: 3663: 3659: 3655: 3651: 3647: 3643: 3639: 3632: 3630: 3628: 3616: 3612: 3608: 3604: 3600: 3596: 3592: 3588: 3583: 3579: 3575: 3571: 3567: 3563: 3559: 3556:(3): 225–43. 3555: 3551: 3546: 3545: 3541: 3533: 3527: 3519: 3513: 3510:. New Haven. 3509: 3502: 3500: 3491: 3484: 3468: 3464: 3458: 3447: 3443: 3439: 3435: 3431: 3427: 3424:(1): 139–57. 3423: 3419: 3414: 3410: 3406: 3402: 3398: 3394: 3390: 3385: 3380: 3377:(4): 171–80. 3376: 3372: 3367: 3360: 3356: 3352: 3345: 3340: 3339: 3335: 3327: 3321: 3317: 3310: 3308: 3306: 3298: 3294: 3293: 3288: 3287:Scott, Robert 3284: 3280: 3271: 3263: 3262: 3257: 3250: 3242: 3238: 3234: 3230: 3226: 3222: 3218: 3214: 3210: 3203: 3195: 3191: 3187: 3183: 3179: 3175: 3171: 3167: 3163: 3156: 3154: 3152: 3140: 3136: 3132: 3128: 3124: 3120: 3115: 3111: 3107: 3103: 3099: 3095: 3091: 3086: 3082: 3076: 3072: 3067: 3066: 3062: 3060: 3058: 3049: 3045: 3041: 3037: 3033: 3029: 3022: 3018: 3007: 3004: 3002: 2999: 2997: 2994: 2992: 2989: 2987: 2984: 2982: 2979: 2977: 2974: 2972: 2969: 2967: 2964: 2962: 2961:People skills 2959: 2957: 2954: 2952: 2949: 2947: 2944: 2942: 2939: 2937: 2934: 2932: 2929: 2927: 2924: 2922: 2919: 2917: 2914: 2912: 2909: 2907: 2904: 2902: 2899: 2897: 2894: 2892: 2889: 2887: 2884: 2882: 2879: 2877: 2874: 2872: 2869: 2867: 2864: 2862: 2861: 2856: 2853: 2851: 2848: 2846: 2843: 2841: 2838: 2835: 2834: 2830: 2829: 2822: 2819: 2815: 2811: 2807: 2806: 2800: 2797: 2796: 2790: 2788: 2784: 2780: 2776: 2775:Marvel Comics 2772: 2768: 2763: 2760: 2756: 2752: 2740: 2731: 2728: 2723: 2718: 2708: 2706: 2701: 2698: 2693: 2689: 2687: 2677: 2663: 2660: 2656: 2651: 2647: 2644: 2638: 2636: 2632: 2628: 2623: 2620: 2616: 2612: 2607: 2603: 2602:Wired to Care 2598: 2590: 2584: 2578:Psychotherapy 2575: 2573: 2569: 2565: 2560: 2559:Keith Jenkins 2550: 2548: 2544: 2540: 2536: 2532: 2531:phenomenology 2525:Phenomenology 2522: 2519: 2518:Michael Slote 2515: 2495: 2491: 2486: 2476: 2472: 2468: 2455: 2451: 2447: 2443: 2439: 2435: 2433: 2428: 2426: 2419: 2409: 2400: 2398: 2397:draining away 2394: 2390: 2386: 2382: 2378: 2374: 2370: 2366: 2362: 2354: 2348: 2338: 2336: 2332: 2322: 2319: 2308: 2306: 2301: 2297: 2292: 2290: 2286: 2281: 2279: 2274: 2272: 2268: 2264: 2260: 2259: 2254: 2251:Psychologist 2244: 2241:brains flared 2231: 2227: 2218: 2214: 2211: 2202: 2198: 2194: 2186: 2182: 2180: 2170: 2166: 2164: 2160: 2155: 2153: 2152: 2147: 2146:Dave Grossman 2143: 2141: 2137: 2133: 2130: 2129:Schizophrenia 2126: 2124: 2120: 2116: 2115:metacognition 2112: 2108: 2104: 2100: 2096: 2092: 2088: 2084: 2079: 2077: 2073: 2068: 2066: 2061: 2058: 2054: 2046: 2044: 2038: 2036: 2031: 2027: 2022: 2009: 2006: 2002: 1998: 1994: 1990: 1985: 1980: 1977: 1972: 1968: 1960: 1956: 1952: 1947: 1945: 1941: 1937: 1936: 1931: 1930: 1925: 1915: 1914: 1909: 1907: 1903: 1902:mirror neuron 1898: 1893: 1889: 1885: 1882: 1872: 1870: 1866: 1862: 1858: 1854: 1850: 1845: 1843: 1842:Schizophrenia 1838: 1834: 1830: 1820: 1816: 1814: 1808: 1806: 1801: 1800:Frans de Waal 1796: 1792: 1790: 1786: 1782: 1778: 1774: 1768: 1764: 1761: 1751: 1749: 1745: 1741: 1731: 1727: 1721: 1720: 1714: 1711: 1707: 1699: 1694: 1691: 1687: 1686:Frans de Waal 1681: 1675: 1665: 1663: 1659: 1655: 1654:basal ganglia 1651: 1647: 1643: 1639: 1638:parental care 1635: 1629: 1625: 1623: 1618: 1616: 1612: 1607: 1605: 1601: 1591: 1588: 1586: 1582: 1578: 1573: 1569: 1567: 1563: 1553: 1551: 1546: 1545: 1539: 1536: 1532: 1528: 1525:and anterior 1524: 1520: 1516: 1512: 1507: 1503: 1499: 1498: 1492: 1489: 1484: 1479: 1477: 1473: 1469: 1465: 1459: 1455: 1443: 1438: 1436: 1431: 1429: 1424: 1423: 1421: 1420: 1415: 1412: 1410: 1407: 1405: 1402: 1400: 1397: 1395: 1392: 1390: 1387: 1385: 1382: 1378: 1375: 1374: 1373: 1370: 1368: 1365: 1364: 1363: 1362: 1358: 1357: 1350: 1347: 1345: 1342: 1340: 1337: 1335: 1332: 1330: 1327: 1326: 1324: 1322: 1319: 1317: 1314: 1312: 1309: 1307: 1304: 1300: 1297: 1296: 1295: 1292: 1290: 1287: 1283: 1280: 1279: 1278: 1275: 1273: 1270: 1268: 1265: 1264: 1263: 1262: 1259: 1255: 1252: 1251: 1246: 1243: 1239: 1236: 1234: 1231: 1229: 1228:schizophrenia 1226: 1224: 1221: 1219: 1216: 1215: 1214: 1211: 1209: 1206: 1204: 1201: 1200: 1199: 1198: 1195: 1191: 1188: 1187: 1180: 1177: 1176: 1175: 1172: 1170: 1167: 1165: 1162: 1158: 1155: 1154: 1153: 1150: 1149: 1148: 1147: 1143: 1142: 1138: 1134: 1133: 1130: 1127: 1126: 1122: 1121: 1113: 1111: 1107: 1096: 1092: 1090: 1086: 1081: 1076: 1073: 1069: 1065: 1060: 1046: 1042: 1040: 1036: 1031: 1028: 1024: 1019: 1014: 1012: 1007: 1003: 1001: 991: 987: 983: 979: 975: 971: 963: 961: 957: 954:In addition, 952: 950: 949: 944: 940: 935: 926: 923: 920: 917: 914: 913: 910: 909: 904: 903: 898: 897: 892: 891: 886: 885: 880: 873: 868: 865: 862: 859: 856: 855: 853: 849: 842: 841: 840: 832: 830: 829: 824: 822: 818: 814: 809: 807: 802: 798: 788: 783: 780: 774: 770: 766: 763: 753: 752:, or hatred. 751: 747: 743: 732: 727: 722: 717: 716:Theodor Lipps 712: 711: 698: 686: 676: 675:Ancient Greek 672: 663: 654: 651: 647: 645: 640: 635: 624: 619: 617: 612: 610: 605: 604: 602: 601: 593: 590: 588: 585: 583: 580: 578: 575: 573: 570: 568: 565: 563: 560: 558: 555: 553: 550: 548: 545: 543: 540: 538: 535: 533: 532:Schadenfreude 530: 528: 525: 523: 520: 518: 515: 513: 510: 508: 505: 503: 500: 498: 495: 493: 490: 488: 485: 483: 480: 478: 475: 473: 470: 468: 465: 463: 460: 458: 455: 453: 450: 448: 445: 443: 440: 438: 435: 433: 430: 428: 425: 423: 420: 418: 415: 413: 410: 408: 405: 403: 400: 398: 395: 393: 390: 388: 385: 383: 380: 378: 375: 373: 370: 368: 365: 363: 362:Gratification 360: 358: 355: 353: 350: 348: 345: 343: 340: 338: 335: 333: 330: 328: 325: 323: 320: 318: 317:Embarrassment 315: 313: 310: 308: 305: 303: 300: 298: 295: 293: 290: 288: 285: 283: 282:Determination 280: 278: 275: 273: 270: 268: 265: 263: 260: 258: 255: 253: 250: 248: 245: 243: 240: 238: 235: 233: 232:Belongingness 230: 228: 225: 223: 220: 218: 215: 213: 210: 208: 205: 203: 200: 198: 195: 193: 190: 188: 185: 183: 180: 178: 175: 173: 170: 168: 165: 164: 155: 154: 148: 145: 141: 140:Dysregulation 138: 136: 135:Interpersonal 133: 132: 131: 127: 125: 122: 120: 117: 115: 112: 110: 107: 105: 102: 101: 99: 98: 94: 89: 85: 84: 81: 78: 77: 73: 69: 68: 62: 58: 54: 50: 46: 39: 35: 30: 19: 16396: 16380: 16373: 16366: 16348: 16332: 16325: 16291: 16284: 16266: 16259: 16252: 16246: 16239: 16232: 16225: 16218: 16211: 16204: 16197: 16190: 16183: 16167: 16160: 16155:Brahmacharya 16153: 16146: 16139: 16132: 16125: 16118: 16111: 16093: 16086: 16061: 16054: 16038: 16020: 16004: 15997: 15953:Tranquillity 15903:Self-control 15873:Renunciation 15831:Philanthropy 15826:Perspicacity 15786:Magnificence 15739:Intelligence 15719:Impartiality 15639:Faithfulness 15613: 15527:Authenticity 15453: 15439:Five virtues 15416: 15409: 15389:Trait theory 15376: 15189:Manipulative 15169:Disinhibited 14533:Heritability 14523:Epidemiology 14432: 14428:Compensation 14195: 14135:Meta-emotion 14048:Emotionality 14021:responsivity 13969:and bullying 13964:intelligence 13774:Affectivity 13758:neuroscience 13728:in education 13311: 13272:Homesickness 13248: 13174:Enthrallment 13163: 13159:Emotion work 13022:Anticipation 12900: 12884: 12856:(2): 300–7. 12853: 12849: 12834: 12813:at Wikiquote 12797: 12747:. New York. 12744: 12722: 12717: 12706: 12697: 12688: 12684: 12678: 12669: 12663: 12654: 12648: 12614:(270): 270. 12611: 12607: 12597: 12575: 12566: 12557: 12543:(1): 48–82. 12540: 12534: 12506: 12500: 12455: 12451: 12441: 12432: 12423: 12414: 12408: 12399: 12393: 12383:November 10, 12381:. Retrieved 12377: 12368: 12359: 12353: 12345:the original 12340: 12330: 12311: 12305: 12296: 12290: 12280:November 13, 12278:. Retrieved 12269: 12260: 12254: 12245: 12239: 12230: 12224: 12215: 12209: 12165: 12161: 12130: 12126: 12113: 12105:the original 12084: 12080: 12070: 12063:Hoffman 2000 12058: 12033: 12029: 11978: 11974: 11930:(3): 891–8. 11927: 11923: 11880: 11876: 11867: 11834: 11830: 11820: 11796: 11789: 11772: 11768: 11758: 11718:(1): 10153. 11715: 11711: 11701: 11684: 11680: 11674: 11657: 11653: 11647: 11638: 11628: 11615: 11605: 11567: 11563: 11538: 11515: 11487: 11483: 11443: 11439: 11414: 11410: 11401: 11368: 11364: 11358: 11328:(1): 24–31. 11325: 11321: 11269: 11265: 11255: 11242: 11187: 11183: 11173: 11154: 11148: 11123: 11119: 11113: 11104: 11098: 11073:10871/128740 11055: 11051: 11041: 11035:. chapter 6. 11032: 11026: 11017: 11011: 10976: 10972: 10962: 10940:(1): 25–43. 10937: 10933: 10927: 10894: 10890: 10842: 10838: 10802: 10795: 10766: 10758: 10735: 10717: 10713: 10696: 10692: 10683: 10658: 10654: 10644: 10632:. Retrieved 10628: 10593:(1): 59–67. 10590: 10586: 10565: 10556: 10541: 10529: 10514: 10505: 10475:(3): 277–9. 10472: 10468: 10462: 10451:the original 10433:(1): 42–54. 10430: 10426: 10413: 10370: 10366: 10356: 10344:. Retrieved 10340: 10330: 10305: 10301: 10291: 10254: 10250: 10240: 10205: 10201: 10191: 10179: 10170: 10161: 10150:Live Science 10149: 10133:. Retrieved 10124: 10111: 10067: 10063: 10030:(1): 36–49. 10027: 10023: 10010: 9977: 9973: 9938:(4): 682–6. 9935: 9931: 9885: 9881: 9826: 9822: 9807:the original 9778: 9774: 9732: 9728: 9715: 9706: 9692:the original 9683: 9670:. Retrieved 9655: 9635: 9598: 9594: 9581: 9569: 9560: 9551: 9508: 9504: 9494: 9461: 9457: 9447: 9404: 9400: 9390: 9347: 9343: 9333: 9301:(1): 28–30. 9298: 9294: 9284: 9257: 9253: 9243: 9200: 9196: 9186: 9151: 9147: 9137: 9126:the original 9097: 9093: 9080: 9037: 9033: 9023: 8995: 8988: 8958:(6): 883–7. 8955: 8951: 8938: 8905: 8901: 8891: 8872: 8828: 8824: 8776: 8772: 8738: 8715: 8702: 8692:. New York. 8687: 8677: 8659: 8617: 8613: 8600: 8586:(5): 841–5. 8583: 8579: 8573: 8548: 8544: 8534: 8502:(2): 74–77. 8499: 8495: 8485: 8447:(1): 18–24. 8444: 8440: 8430: 8376: 8372: 8332:(3): 771–9. 8329: 8325: 8301:(2): 270–8. 8298: 8294: 8281: 8251: 8247: 8216: 8212: 8199: 8172: 8168: 8158: 8118: 8114: 8077: 8073: 8064: 8024: 8020: 7983: 7979: 7970: 7937: 7933: 7927: 7884: 7880: 7870: 7845: 7841: 7797: 7793: 7783: 7738: 7734: 7724: 7716:the original 7693: 7689: 7676: 7638: 7634: 7585: 7581: 7568: 7543: 7539: 7529: 7489:(1): 19555. 7486: 7482: 7472: 7450:(2): 223–9. 7447: 7443: 7437: 7407:(5): 851–9. 7404: 7400: 7387: 7342: 7338: 7328: 7310: 7265: 7261: 7251: 7214: 7210: 7200: 7162:(1): 35–45. 7159: 7155: 7149: 7124: 7120: 7070: 7066: 7056: 7013: 7009: 6999: 6976: 6956: 6947: 6925:(1): 32–41. 6922: 6918: 6912: 6879: 6875: 6869: 6836: 6832: 6826: 6791: 6787: 6780:Gottesman RF 6773: 6752: 6746: 6703: 6697: 6687: 6654: 6650: 6644: 6611: 6607: 6555: 6519: 6490: 6431: 6427: 6417: 6390: 6386: 6376: 6350:(1): 36–46. 6347: 6343: 6333: 6313: 6307: 6277:(1): 37–46. 6274: 6270: 6257: 6224: 6220: 6210: 6177: 6173: 6137: 6133: 6123: 6090:(7): 878–9. 6087: 6083: 6059: 6025: 6021: 6008: 5989: 5947: 5943: 5937: 5892: 5888: 5878: 5848:(1): 84–95. 5845: 5841: 5835: 5824:the original 5795: 5791: 5778: 5743: 5739: 5729: 5720: 5716: 5709: 5684: 5681:Intelligence 5680: 5673: 5656: 5652: 5642: 5609: 5605: 5595: 5562:(2): 601–7. 5559: 5555: 5522: 5518: 5481: 5477: 5455: 5449: 5432: 5428: 5418: 5409: 5367: 5363: 5353: 5323: 5319: 5293:(3): 266–7. 5290: 5286: 5277: 5260: 5256: 5250: 5214: 5210: 5174: 5170: 5157: 5103: 5099: 5062: 5058: 5049: 5014: 5010: 4970: 4964: 4954:February 13, 4952:. Retrieved 4943: 4933: 4896: 4892: 4846: 4842: 4807:: e6, 1–12. 4804: 4800: 4790: 4769: 4713:(1): 42–58. 4710: 4706: 4655: 4651: 4615:(12): 1749. 4612: 4606: 4600: 4555: 4551: 4504: 4500: 4487: 4460: 4456: 4428:the original 4399: 4395: 4336: 4330: 4319:the original 4298: 4294: 4281: 4246: 4242: 4232: 4215: 4211: 4172: 4114: 4110: 4079: 4075: 4062: 4027: 4023: 4013: 3988: 3984: 3974: 3954: 3950: 3917: 3913: 3900: 3865:(5): 990–9. 3862: 3858: 3829: 3825: 3788: 3784: 3762:(1): 32–41. 3759: 3755: 3746: 3742: 3733: 3714: 3708: 3691: 3687: 3674: 3641: 3637: 3590: 3586: 3553: 3549: 3540: 3507: 3489: 3483: 3471:. 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FT Press. 11945:2066/102818 11883:(1): 71–4. 11245:(Podcast). 9781:(1): 1–29. 8779:(1): 23–9. 8620:: 385–401. 7318:(Podcast). 7217:(1): 1–24. 6408:10983/25968 5121:2066/226714 4573:10983/25968 4301:(3): 96–9. 4180:. pp. 3749:(12): 22–6. 3593:(1): 5–24. 3172:(1): 5–24. 2996:Soft skills 2981:Sensibility 2936:Life skills 2810:Will Graham 2606:Dev Patnaik 2583:Heinz Kohut 2331:psychopaths 2117:(including 2083:Jean Decety 2014:The DANVA-2 1984:Jean Decety 1942:(ASPD) and 1938:(ICD) list 1918:Psychopathy 1829:Psychopathy 1698:chimpanzees 1598:Studies in 1519:grey matter 1506:ontogenetic 1377:in the U.S. 1321:Neurosexism 1245:Stroke care 1164:In research 1049:Development 1027:Baron-Cohen 966:Measurement 960:suppression 908:mentalizing 828:Alexithymia 756:Definitions 746:malevolence 728:translated 412:Humiliation 357:Frustration 257:Contentment 16427:Categories 16286:Auctoritas 16134:Aparigraha 16113:Adhiṭṭhāna 16095:Sophrosyne 16063:Eutrapelia 15948:Temperance 15928:Solidarity 15918:Simplicity 15878:Resilience 15853:Politeness 15821:Patriotism 15801:Moderation 15674:Good faith 15664:Generosity 15624:Equanimity 15604:Discipline 15562:Compassion 15285:Sociopathy 15260:Narcissism 15235:Dark triad 15128:In fiction 14961:Thiomersal 14704:Echopraxia 14654:Hyperlexia 14405:withdrawal 14360:Dark triad 14322:Leadership 14300:In society 14237:Narcissism 14140:Pathognomy 14041:well-being 13957:and gender 13952:expression 13947:exhaustion 13932:detachment 13917:competence 13898:Emotional 13880:regulation 13863:perception 13858:in animals 13808:and memory 13744:Affective 13652:Worldviews 13514:melancholy 13499:Resentment 13369:Loneliness 13344:Irritation 13329:Insecurity 13319:Indulgence 13194:Excitement 13179:Enthusiasm 13112:Depression 13072:Confidence 13067:Compassion 13042:Attraction 12967:Admiration 12962:Acceptance 12829:Agosta L. 12763:1129703024 12745:I and thou 12713:See also: 12458:: e44269. 12182:2328/35889 12148:2328/36189 11898:2066/64791 11524:Klimecki O 11490:: 472–80. 10860:2328/35813 10623:LaBier D. 10373:(1): 670. 10084:1885/19765 9672:January 5, 9260:: 120263. 9254:NeuroImage 8614:NeuroImage 8326:NeuroImage 8027:: 305–10. 8021:NeuroImage 5723:(4): 1–17. 5556:NeuroImage 5211:NeuroImage 4899:: e44269. 3914:Psychiatry 3832:: 104138. 3463:"εμπάθεια" 3254:Harper D. 3073:. Norton. 3013:References 2777:character 2734:In fiction 2503:Philosophy 2416:See also: 2393:caregivers 2387:says that 2381:depression 2359:risks are 2345:See also: 2300:vaccinated 2267:demagogues 2253:Paul Bloom 2151:On Killing 1976:punishment 1932:(DSM) and 1853:borderline 1833:narcissism 1823:Impairment 1678:See also: 1672:See also: 1634:attachment 1566:pro-social 1452:See also: 1389:Leadership 1334:attraction 1325:Sexuality 1316:Narcissism 1282:Aggression 1258:psychology 1223:depression 1174:Dimorphism 1169:Physiology 797:Compassion 731:Einfühlung 721:Einfühlung 517:Resentment 442:Loneliness 332:Enthusiasm 272:Depression 242:Confidence 172:Admiration 167:Acceptance 114:In animals 16334:Humanitas 16080:Phronesis 16071:Philotimo 15923:Sincerity 15888:Reverence 15756:Judgement 15744:Emotional 15734:Integrity 15724:Innocence 15679:Gratitude 15659:Frugality 15649:Foresight 15629:Etiquette 15619:Endurance 15594:Diligence 15517:Alertness 15466:Scout Law 15367:Endowment 15179:Impulsive 15174:Grandiose 14966:Chelation 14699:Echolalia 14572:Diagnoses 14563:Therapies 14518:Diagnosis 14168:appraisal 14108:sociology 14059:Emotions 14031:symbiosis 14016:reasoning 13986:isolation 13927:contagion 13912:blackmail 13838:expressed 13833:evolution 13823:and sleep 13813:and music 13748:computing 13695:Reclusion 13690:Pessimism 13665:Defeatism 13595:Suffering 13541:Sehnsucht 13484:Rejection 13435:self-pity 13410:Nostalgia 13379:limerence 13349:Isolation 13287:Hostility 13244:Happiness 13224:Gratitude 13169:Emptiness 13152:vicarious 13102:Curiosity 13077:Confusion 13017:Annoyance 12997:Amusement 12987:Agitation 12982:Affection 12977:Aesthetic 12972:Adoration 12897:"Empathy" 12885:LessWrong 12771:cite book 12474:2050-084X 12101:143276552 12050:143830768 11859:205236870 11286:1747-0218 11090:247954809 10869:146270695 10634:March 18, 10346:April 23, 10322:143760402 9775:Cognition 9525:1573-3432 9478:1573-3432 9421:1573-3432 9364:1573-3432 9217:0162-3257 9054:1460-2156 8972:0968-7599 8944:Milton DE 8930:145525384 8922:0886-2605 8461:1073-8584 8334:CiteSeerX 8121:(1): 22. 7842:Narrative 6720:0962-8436 6271:Cognition 6221:Cognition 6154:143436918 5701:0160-2896 5384:1470-6423 5342:143341962 5146:226272359 5130:1939-1455 5087:206588127 4871:162181339 4715:CiteSeerX 4315:220533081 4265:0002-9564 4218:: 40–65. 4178:MIT Press 4082:: 15–27. 4005:0265-4075 3889:227079997 3846:233549299 3791:: 151–8. 3615:221405375 3526:cite book 3473:April 26, 3446:194079190 3379:CiteSeerX 3256:"empathy" 3233:0022-4545 3186:0022-4545 3110:202396600 2906:Empathism 2787:Jean Grey 2783:telepathy 2686:education 2587:gathering 2318:"priming" 2278:deception 2263:tribalism 1813:cognition 1642:brainstem 1476:see below 1372:Education 1359:Sociology 1267:Cognition 1157:disorders 1066:who used 742:prejudice 685:empatheia 657:Etymology 639:emotional 577:Suspicion 567:Suffering 537:Self-pity 502:Rejection 457:Nostalgia 437:Limerence 407:Hostility 387:Happiness 367:Gratitude 312:Elevation 267:Curiosity 247:Confusion 202:Annoyance 182:Amusement 177:Affection 16453:Emotions 16327:Gravitas 16310:Dignitas 16056:Ataraxia 15938:Sympathy 15868:Religion 15858:Prudence 15816:Patience 15791:Meekness 15766:Kindness 15714:Humility 15709:Humanity 15644:Fidelity 15589:Courtesy 15552:Chivalry 15547:Chastity 15537:Charisma 15532:Calmness 15522:Altruism 15121:Contexts 14754:Epilepsy 14694:Stimming 14459:Category 14385:neurosis 14251:Egomania 14026:security 14006:literacy 13991:lability 13981:intimacy 13922:conflict 13902:aperture 13799:Emotion 13783:negative 13778:positive 13768:spectrum 13733:measures 13685:Optimism 13680:Nihilism 13670:Fatalism 13660:Cynicism 13605:Sympathy 13600:Surprise 13442:Pleasure 13364:Kindness 13354:Jealousy 13339:Interest 13306:Hysteria 13189:Euphoria 13132:Distrust 13082:Contempt 13062:Calmness 12954:Emotions 12941:Emotions 12893:Zalta EN 12872:32888755 12715:Hunt L. 12691:: 28–44. 12640:37088814 12631:10124056 12492:30964002 12433:Finextra 12198:46542250 12190:22158909 12005:19620109 11962:13528009 11954:22897091 11907:14717835 11851:19227702 11750:33980946 11620:Archived 11616:Wired UK 11594:25422978 11530:(2012). 11528:Singer T 11460:17201789 11431:23815455 11385:20974714 11342:27916513 11304:33234008 11206:20920798 11140:20919774 11082:35377705 11003:19102586 10919:23104368 10911:19875825 10787:61770783 10607:19359453 10497:27303466 10489:20045198 10447:16563078 10405:28386118 10283:24093010 10232:23615636 10135:July 28, 10129:Archived 10125:BBC News 10092:22944264 10054:24359488 10002:42581610 9994:11432605 9952:12428783 9902:11761284 9845:12509310 9803:16366546 9759:16712954 9627:Archived 9615:26167886 9543:35593995 9534:10313531 9486:35217943 9439:36436146 9430:10821967 9382:36251207 9373:10791770 9325:16327784 9276:37399932 9235:36251207 9226:10791770 9178:20371509 9114:15162941 9072:20371509 8980:54047060 8855:18940230 8801:20896840 8793:18514324 8736:(2011). 8726:Archived 8694:Archived 8666:Archived 8644:23110882 8565:12625087 8526:28725865 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252:Contempt 159:Emotions 80:Emotions 72:a series 70:Part of 45:Sympathy 16433:Empathy 16382:Sadaqah 16368:Ganbaru 16301:Decorum 16293:Caritas 16248:Śraddhā 16234:Shaucha 16199:Kshanti 16127:Akrodha 15982:Chinese 15883:Respect 15806:Modesty 15776:Loyalty 15761:Justice 15729:Insight 15689:Honesty 15684:Heroism 15614:Empathy 15572:Courage 15542:Charity 15455:Pāramīs 15353:Virtues 15159:Callous 15051:Schools 14538:History 14433:Empathy 14390:elation 14353:history 14332:Parents 14256:Egotism 14196:Italics 14159:Theory 14115:Feeling 14068:history 14053:bounded 14011:prosody 13818:and sex 13803:and art 13763:science 13719:Affect 13713:Related 13588:chronic 13563:Shyness 13523:Saudade 13509:Sadness 13504:Revenge 13494:Remorse 13425:Passion 13415:Outrage 13405:Neglect 13265:Hiraeth 13164:Empathy 13142:Ecstasy 13127:Disgust 13097:Cruelty 13092:Courage 13057:Boredom 13037:Arousal 13027:Anxiety 13012:Anguish 12895:(ed.). 12823:Empathy 12811:Empathy 12798:empathy 12723:YouTube 12483:6488294 12415:Empathy 11996:2865082 11915:3681430 11741:8115029 11720:Bibcode 11585:4340688 11504:8686513 11468:3524097 11393:7306762 11350:3863278 11295:8056713 10994:2669929 10973:Emotion 10954:7229562 10675:3562705 10550:. 2000. 10396:5429629 10375:Bibcode 10274:3782696 10257:: 489. 10223:3914759 10100:2596760 10045:3970241 9910:1951812 9829:: 5–7. 9795:7587017 9750:2765815 9623:8521465 9316:3713227 9169:2859151 9063:2859151 8846:2819310 8635:3602121 8517:5513638 8477:2646438 8381:Bibcode 8373:Science 8138:2206036 8102:2692907 7962:6491264 7919:5223812 7889:Bibcode 7815:5656177 7766:3174632 7743:Bibcode 7656:6605217 7613:2776429 7590:Bibcode 7560:7965564 7512:6925286 7491:Bibcode 7370:2901437 7347:Bibcode 7320:KERA-FM 7293:3831480 7270:Bibcode 7234:6987713 7192:9895828 7164:Bibcode 7075:Bibcode 7067:Science 7039:3760221 7018:Bibcode 7010:Science 6809:3722353 6729:4685523 6679:5402395 6573:5110041 6459:4359130 6436:Bibcode 6291:2934210 6241:6681741 6112:2409686 6050:8508693 5972:7645344 5920:6488069 5897:Bibcode 5870:3035172 5820:2663853 5761:2305857 5634:2209184 5626:1130882 5584:1723495 5539:1403614 5498:4642390 5192:5015801 5032:3427869 4916:6488294 4745:2828843 4142:5315311 4119:Bibcode 4045:1351349 3859:Emotion 3743:America 3409:9422028 3295:at the 3048:1909761 2966:Rapport 2795:Charmed 2767:fiction 2564:liberal 2553:History 2377:anxiety 2361:fatigue 2357:medical 2285:beggars 2173:Effects 2136:Bipolar 1951:sadness 1924:remorse 1710:Canines 1615:bonobos 1344:fantasy 1294:Empathy 1238:suicide 1144:Biology 762:empathy 671:empathy 644:somatic 634:Empathy 552:Shyness 527:Saudade 522:Sadness 512:Remorse 472:Passion 462:Outrage 327:Empathy 307:Ecstasy 292:Disgust 262:Courage 237:Boredom 222:Arousal 212:Anxiety 197:Anguish 147:Valence 61:Hugging 16350:Virtus 16342:Pietas 16261:Upekṣā 16254:Saddhā 16220:Prajñā 16213:Muditā 16192:Kshama 16185:Karuṇā 16148:Asteya 16141:Ārjava 16120:Ahimsa 16105:Indian 16088:Sophia 15963:Wisdom 15841:Filial 15749:Social 15694:Honour 14543:Memory 14513:Causes 14499:Autism 14400:supply 14380:injury 14271:Hubris 14163:affect 14145:Pathos 14098:social 13942:eating 13615:Wonder 13583:Stress 13573:Sorrow 13489:Relief 13479:Regret 13467:vanity 13462:insult 13457:hubris 13312:Ikigai 13282:Horror 13258:Hatred 13117:Desire 13107:Defeat 13032:Apathy 12870: 12761: 12751: 12638: 12628: 12582: 12513: 12490: 12480: 12472: 12318: 12196: 12188: 12099: 12048: 12003: 11993: 11960: 11952: 11913: 11905: 11857: 11849: 11808: 11748: 11738: 11592: 11582: 11547: 11502: 11466: 11458: 11429: 11391: 11383: 11348: 11340: 11302: 11292: 11284: 11243:Think! 11204: 11184:Neuron 11161: 11138: 11088: 11080: 11001: 10991: 10952: 10917: 10909: 10867: 10810: 10785: 10775: 10743: 10673: 10605: 10523:, 2000 10495: 10487: 10445: 10403: 10393: 10320: 10281: 10271: 10230: 10220: 10098: 10090: 10052: 10042: 10000: 9992: 9950: 9908: 9900: 9843: 9801: 9793: 9757: 9747: 9663: 9642: 9621: 9613: 9541: 9531: 9523: 9484: 9476: 9437: 9427: 9419: 9380: 9370: 9362: 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