1047:). Having hosted hundreds of Warm Data processes with 1000s of participants, they have found that these spaces of shared poly-learning across contexts lead to a realm of potential change, a necessarily obscured zone of wild interaction of unseen, unsaid, unknown flexibility. It is such flexibility that nourishes the ready-ing living systems require to respond to complex situations in new ways and change. In other words, this readying process preludes what will emerge. When exploring questions of social change, it is important to ask ourselves, what is submerging in the current social imaginary and perhaps, rather than focus all our resources and energy on driving direct order responses, to nourish flexibility with ourselves, and the systems we are a part of.
1012:, "as long as our thinking is governed by habit - notably industrial, "machine age" concepts such as control, predictability, standardization, and "faster is better" - we will continue to recreate institutions as they have been, despite their disharmony with the larger world, and the need for all living systems to evolve." While change is predictably constant, it is unpredictable in direction and often occurs at second and nth orders of systemic relationality. Understanding emergence and what creates the conditions for different forms of emergence to occur, either insidious or nourishing vitality, is essential in the search for deep transformations.
790:(law-based) sufficiency, P, as M's emergence base, is nomologically sufficient for it, and M, as P∗'s cause, is nomologically sufficient for P∗. It follows that P is nomologically sufficient for P∗ and hence qualifies as its cause...If M is somehow retained as a cause, we are faced with the highly implausible consequence that every case of downward causation involves overdetermination (since P remains a cause of P∗ as well). Moreover, this goes against the spirit of emergentism in any case: emergents are supposed to make distinctive and novel causal contributions.
698:. In terms of physical systems, weak emergence is a type of emergence in which the emergent property is amenable to computer simulation or similar forms of after-the-fact analysis (for example, the formation of a traffic jam, the structure of a flock of starlings in flight or a school of fish, or the formation of galaxies). Crucial in these simulations is that the interacting members retain their independence. If not, a new entity is formed with new, emergent properties: this is called strong emergence, which it is argued cannot be simulated, analysed or reduced.
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in non-linear processes. An observer's notion of what is ordered, what is random, and what is complex in its environment depends directly on its computational resources: the amount of raw measurement data, of memory, and of time available for estimation and inference. The discovery of structure in an environment depends more critically and subtly, though, on how those resources are organized. The descriptive power of the observer's chosen (or implicit) computational model class, for example, can be an overwhelming determinant in finding regularity in data.
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part on the rationale that such a theory would allow us to derive the behavior of all macroscopic concepts, at least in principle. The evidence we have presented suggests that this view may be overly optimistic. A 'theory of everything' is one of many components necessary for complete understanding of the universe, but is not necessarily the only one. The development of macroscopic laws from first principles may involve more than just systematic logic, and could require conjectures suggested by experiments, simulations or insight.
1415:). The chain of conditions of a real thing in the higher stratum contains an ample number of components from the lower strata; but they are only partial aspects of it, and therefore do not make its real possibility complete; they make it, in fact, neither necessary nor actual. The chain becomes complete only through the addition of real components of its own stratum. But these are under a categorially different kind of determination. Structurally, they belong to the higher real nexus itself, and are not found outside of it.
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951:, who traces the process by which labor and nature are converted into commodities in the passage from an economic system based on agriculture to one based on industry. This shift, along with the idea of the self-regulating market, set the stage not only for another economy but also for another society. The principle of emergence is also brought forth when thinking about alternatives to the current economic system based on growth facing social and
1080:, is an emergent phenomenon. While each speaker merely tries to reach their own communicative goals, they use language in a particular way. If enough speakers behave in that way, language is changed. In a wider sense, the norms of a language, i.e. the linguistic conventions of its speech society, can be seen as a system emerging from long-time participation in communicative problem-solving in various social circumstances.
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855:, for many-particle systems, nothing can be calculated exactly from the microscopic equations, and macroscopic systems are characterised by broken symmetry: the symmetry present in the microscopic equations is not present in the macroscopic system, due to phase transitions. As a result, these macroscopic systems are described in their own terminology, and have properties that do not depend on many microscopic details.
671:. It is otherwise with emergents, when, instead of adding measurable motion to measurable motion, or things of one kind to other individuals of their kind, there is a co-operation of things of unlike kinds. The emergent is unlike its components insofar as these are incommensurable, and it cannot be reduced to their sum or their difference.
1054:, where "deep emergence" is the result of self-transcending knowledge after a successful journey along the U through layers of awareness. This practice nourishes transformation at the inner-being level, which enables new ways of being, seeing and relating to emerge. The concept of emergence has also been employed in the field of
943:, growth, accumulation and innovation can be considered emergent processes where not only does technological processes sustain growth, but growth becomes the source of further innovations in a recursive, self-expanding spiral. In this sense, the exponential trend of the growth curve reveals the presence of a long-term positive
1035:: "While linear managing or controlling of the direction of change may appear desirable, tending to how the system becomes ready allows for pathways of possibility previously unimagined." This brings a new lense to the field of emergence in social and systems change as it looks to tending the pre-emergent process.
1092:, can be seen as emergent properties of such physical systems. Such arrangements can be used as simple physical prototypes for deriving mathematical formulae for the emergent responses of complex systems. Internet traffic can also exhibit some seemingly emergent properties. In the congestion control mechanism,
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to show how standard principles interact to bring forward socio-economic development fitted to cultural values, community economics, and natural environment (local solutions emerging from the larger socio-econo-biosphere). These principles can be implemented utilizing a sequence of standardized tasks
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to the system's constituent parts. The whole is other than the sum of its parts. It is argued then that no simulation of the system can exist, for such a simulation would itself constitute a reduction of the system to its constituent parts. Physics lacks well-established examples of strong emergence,
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at all levels of recursion - be it a sentient body, a tree, a family, an organisation, the education system, the economy, the health system, the political system etc - are continuously creating themselves. They are continually growing and changing along with their surrounding elements, and therefore
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Defining structure and detecting the emergence of complexity in nature are inherently subjective, though essential, scientific activities. Despite the difficulties, these problems can be analysed in terms of how model-building observers infer from measurements the computational capabilities embedded
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flows can become globally synchronized at bottlenecks, simultaneously increasing and then decreasing throughput in coordination. Congestion, widely regarded as a nuisance, is possibly an emergent property of the spreading of bottlenecks across a network in high traffic flows which can be considered
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Economic trends and patterns which emerge are studied intensively by economists. Within the field of group facilitation and organization development, there have been a number of new group processes that are designed to maximize emergence and self-organization, by offering a minimal set of effective
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presented a class of infinite physical systems that exhibits non-computable macroscopic properties. More precisely, if one could compute certain macroscopic properties of these systems from the microscopic description of these systems, then one would be able to solve computational problems known to
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Although macroscopic concepts are essential for understanding our world, much of fundamental physics has been devoted to the search for a 'theory of everything', a set of equations that perfectly describe the behavior of all fundamental particles. The view that this is the goal of science rests in
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Although strong emergence is logically possible, it is uncomfortably like magic. How does an irreducible but supervenient downward causal power arise, since by definition it cannot be due to the aggregation of the micro-level potentialities? Such causal powers would be quite unlike anything within
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of an ordered system can be viewed as an example of subjective emergence: the observer sees an ordered system by ignoring the underlying microstructure (i.e. movement of molecules or elementary particles) and concludes that the system has a low entropy. On the other hand, chaotic, unpredictable
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In our schematic example above, we concluded that M causes M∗ by causing P∗. So M causes P∗. Now, M, as an emergent, must itself have an emergence base property, say P. Now we face a critical question: if an emergent, M, emerges from basal condition P, why cannot P displace M as a cause of any
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The ability to reduce everything to simple fundamental laws does not imply the ability to start from those laws and reconstruct the universe. The constructionist hypothesis breaks down when confronted with the twin difficulties of scale and complexity. At each level of complexity entirely new
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Human beings are the basic elements of social systems, which perpetually interact and create, maintain, or untangle mutual social bonds. Social bonds in social systems are perpetually changing in the sense of the ongoing reconfiguration of their structure. An early argument (1904–05) for the
939:. Recently, the emergence of a new social system is linked with the emergence of order from nonlinear relationships among multiple interacting units, where multiple interacting units are individual thoughts, consciousness, and actions. In the case of the global economic system, under
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to explain the whole in terms of the parts. Practical impossibility may be a more useful distinction than one in principle, since it is easier to determine and quantify, and does not imply the use of mysterious forces, but simply reflects the limits of our capability.
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Every resultant is either a sum or a difference of the co-operant forces; their sum, when their directions are the same – their difference, when their directions are contrary. Further, every resultant is clearly traceable in its components, because these are
843:, emergence is used to describe a property, law, or phenomenon which occurs at macroscopic scales (in space or time) but not at microscopic scales, despite the fact that a macroscopic system can be viewed as a very large ensemble of microscopic systems.
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Weak emergence describes new properties arising in systems as a result of the interactions at a fundamental level. However, Bedau stipulates that the properties can be determined only by observing or simulating the system, and not by any process of a
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Some common points between the two notions are that emergence concerns new properties produced as the system grows, which is to say ones which are not shared with its components or prior states. Also, it is assumed that the properties are
724:: they are only observable if the system is large enough to exhibit the phenomenon. Chaotic, unpredictable behaviour can be seen as an emergent phenomenon, while at a microscopic scale the behaviour of the constituent parts can be fully
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our scientific ken. This not only indicates how they will discomfort reasonable forms of materialism. Their mysteriousness will only heighten the traditional worry that emergence entails illegitimately getting something from nothing.
777:. The canonical example concerns emergent mental states (M and M∗) that supervene on physical states (P and P∗) respectively. Let M and M∗ be emergent properties. Let M∗ supervene on base property P∗. What happens when M causes M∗?
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about the physicality of consciousness. However, Bedau concludes that adopting this view would provide a precise notion that emergence is involved in consciousness, and second, the notion of weak emergence is metaphysically benign.
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Julian Huxley: "now and again there is a sudden rapid passage to a totally new and more comprehensive type of order or organization, with quite new emergent properties, and involving quite new methods of further evolution"
1500:"The chemical combination of two substances produces, as is well known, a third substance with properties entirely different from those of either of the two substances separately, or of both of them taken together."
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be undecidable in computer science. These results concern infinite systems, finite systems being considered computable. However, macroscopic concepts which only apply in the limit of infinite systems, such as
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properties appear. Psychology is not applied biology, nor is biology applied chemistry. We can now see that the whole becomes not merely more, but very different from the sum of its parts.
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to explain the interrelation between the syntactical structures of the text and the author style (Slautina, Marusenko, 2014). It has also been argued that the structure and regularity of
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we do not yet know will be needed. These inquiries challenge the common view that a theory of change is produced from an identified preferred goal or outcome. As explained in their paper
1446:, Book VIII (Eta) 1045a 8–10: "... the totality is not, as it were, a mere heap, but the whole is something besides the parts ...", i.e., the whole is other than the sum of the parts.
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If M is the cause of M∗, then M∗ is overdetermined because M∗ can also be thought of as being determined by P. One escape-route that a strong emergentist could take would be to deny
1058:. In Emergent Strategy, adrienne maree brown, defines emergent strategies as "ways for humans to practice complexity and grow the future through relatively simple interactions.".
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among growth, accumulation, and innovation; and the emergence of new structures and institutions connected to the multi-scale process of growth. This is reflected in the work of
617:'s properties. An emergent property of a system, in this context, is one that is not a property of any component of that system, but is still a feature of the system as a whole.
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Usage of the notion "emergence" may generally be subdivided into two perspectives, that of "weak emergence" and "strong emergence". One paper discussing this division is
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writes that emergence often causes confusion in philosophy and science due to a failure to demarcate strong and weak emergence, which are "quite different concepts".
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An emergent behavior of a physical system is a qualitative property that can only occur in the limit that the number of microscopic constituents tends to infinity.
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Almond, D.P.; Budd, C.J.; Freitag, M.A.; Hunt, G.W.; McCullen, N.J.; Smith, N.D. (2013). "The origin of power-law emergent scaling in large binary networks".
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874:) should be treated as non-exclusive, and should work together to address the issues of emergence. Theoretical physicist PW Anderson states it this way:
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occurs when a complex entity has properties or behaviors that its parts do not have on their own, and emerge only when they interact in a wider whole.
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methods in theoretical physics enable physicists to study critical phenomena that are not tractable as the combination of their parts. In 2009, Gu
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behaviour can also be seen as subjective emergent, while at a microscopic scale the movement of the constituent parts can be fully deterministic.
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have argued in favor of a co-evolutionary perspective for theorizing about transformations that overcome the dependence of human wellbeing on
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The higher nexus is, in many of its structural elements, dependent on the lower, but is autonomous in its particular nature (its categorial
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798:. However, this would remove the proposed reason that emergent mental states must supervene on physical states, which in turn would call
987:, and others (Holman, 2010). In international development, concepts of emergence have been used within a theory of social change termed
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Some thinkers question the plausibility of strong emergence as contravening our usual understanding of physics. Mark A. Bedau observes:
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putative effect of M? Why cannot P do all the work in explaining why any alleged effect of M occurred? If causation is understood as
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866:(a symbol of the unity underlying complements like open/shut, peace/war) to illustrate how the two perspectives (strong vs. weak or
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3533:(2017), Cellular Automaton Simulation of Dynamic Recrystallization: Introduction into Self-Organization and Emergence (Software)
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Strong emergence describes the direct causal action of a high-level system on its components; qualities produced this way are
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Smith, Reginald D. (2008), "The
Dynamics of Internet Traffic: Self-Similarity, Self-Organization, and Complex Phenomena",
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has used emergence to describe the experience of works of art in relation to contemporary neuroscience. Practicing artist
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Design in Nature: How the
Constructal Law Governs Evolution in Biology, Physics, Technology, and Social Organizations
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Anderson, P.W. (1972), "More is
Different: Broken Symmetry and the Nature of the Hierarchical Structure of Science",
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1183:, in turn, attributes to his "artbots" a real, if nonetheless rudimentary, creativity based on emergent principles.
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3535:(PDF) Cellular Automaton Simulation of Dynamic Recrystallization: Introduction into Self-Organization and Emergence
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Spash, Clive L (2020). "A tale of three paradigms_ Realising the revolutionary potential of ecological economics".
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Wan, Poe Yu-ze (2011), "Emergence à la
Systems Theory: Epistemological Totalausschluss or Ontological Novelty?",
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From
Animals to Animats: Proceedings of the First International Conference on Simulation of Adaptive Behavior
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Solé, Ricard and
Goodwin, Brian (2000) Signs of life: how complexity pervades biology, Basic Books, New York
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Albert, Réka; Jeong, Hawoong; Barabási, Albert-László (9 September 1999). "Diameter of the World-Wide Web".
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1043:, they are spaces for transcontextual mutual learning in which aphanipoetic phenomena unfold. (Read about
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Hoffmann, Peter M. "Life's
Ratchet: How Molecular Machines Extract Order from Chaos" (2012), Basic Books.
1462:"Being emergence vs. pattern emergence: complexity, control, and goal-directedness in biological systems"
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change, invites us to reframe our thinking on parts and wholes and their interrelation. Unlike machines,
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Steels, L (1991). "Towards a Theory of
Emergent Functionality". In Meyer, J.-A.; Wiloson, S. W. (eds.).
1273: – Study of how complex behaviour can be generated by deterministic and finite rules and parameters
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2465:"L'émergence du style. Les méthodes stylométriques pour la recherche de paternité des textes médiévaux"
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The bulk conductive response of binary (RC) electrical networks with random arrangements, known as the
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1101:. Some artificially intelligent (AI) computer applications simulate emergent behavior. One example is
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2417:(Second ed.). San Francisco, California: Berrett-Koehler Publishers, Inc., a BK Business Book.
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Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences
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Ikegami, Takashi; Mototake, Yoh-Ichi; Kobori, Shintaro; Oka, Mizuki; Hashimoto, Yasuhiro (2017).
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what makes a living system ready to change? Can unforeseen ready-ness for change be nourished?
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are more than the sum of their parts. As Peter Senge and co-authors put forward in the book
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Meanwhile, others have worked towards developing analytical evidence of strong emergence.
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notes that weak emergence is not a universal metaphysical solvent, as the hypothesis that
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2676:"Life as an emergent phenomenon: Studies from a large-scale boid simulation and web data"
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The new psychology of language: Cognitive and functional approaches to language structure
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Empowerment on an
Unstable Planet: From Seeds of Human Energy to a Scale of Global Change
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621:(1882–1950), one of the first modern philosophers to write on emergence, termed this a
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3719:: An interactive introduction to emergent phenomena, from ant colonies to Alzheimer's.
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The Biologist's Mistress: Rethinking Self-Organization in Art, Literature and Nature
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Theory U: leading from the future as it emerges: the social technology of presencing
2024:"Elective affinities of the Protestant ethic: Weber and the chemistry of capitalism"
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1533:. First Series: The Foundations of a Creed. Vol. 2. Boston: Osgood. p. 369
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Out of Control: The New Biology of Machines, Social Systems, and the Economic World
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Here being ready is not thought of as being prepared, but rather as nourishing the
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Crutchfield regards the properties of complexity and organization of any system as
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coined the term "emergent" in 1875, distinguishing it from the merely "resultant":
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The Re-Emergence of Emergence: The Emergentist Hypothesis from Science to Religion
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See f.i. Carlo Rovelli: The mystery of time, 2017, part 10: Perspective, p.105-110
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1391:. Translated by Adair, Stephanie and Scott, Alex. Walter De Gruyter. p. 223.
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Another approach that engages with the concept of emergence for social change is
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The Architecture of Emergence - the evolution of form in Nature and Civilisation
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Complexification: Explaining a paradoxical world through the science of surprise
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Our Cosmic Origins: From the Big Bang to the Emergence of Life and Intelligence
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637:. The many scientists and philosophers who have written on the concept include
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is perceived in the workings of entirely naturalistic processes by which more
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into question, and thus be unpalatable for some philosophers and physicists.
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In philosophy, theories that emphasize emergent properties have been called
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delves into this. Since 2012, they have been researching questions such as
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Emergence and Convergence: Qualitiative Novelty and the Unity of Knowledge
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Holistic Darwinism: Synergy, Cybernetics and the Bioeconomics of Evolution
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1306: – Simultaneous similar behavior of many people, without coordination
55:
4653:
4527:
4380:
4153:
4033:
3895:
3835:
3806:
3120:
3095:
2814:
2315:
Presence: exploring profound change in people, organizations, and society
1258:
1252:
1220: – The result of a specific combination of several interacting genes
1217:
1193:
1062:
1055:
799:
787:
778:
664:
604:
592:
482:
446:
437:
411:
379:
358:
353:
321:
213:
4239:
3752:
Biomimetic Architecture – Emergence applied to building and construction
3107:
2780:
2763:
1564:
1386:
1010:
Presence: Exploring profound change in People, Organizations and Society
4678:
4643:
4502:
4492:
4462:
4370:
3762:
3702:
2091:"Degrowth: Tools for a Complex Analysis of the Multidimensional Crisis"
1470:. Routledge Handbooks in Philosophy. Abingdon: Routledge. p. 134.
1130:
1066:
996:
in individually specific ways utilizing recursive evaluative criteria.
988:
972:
940:
731:
695:
542:
245:
201:
3745:
2631:
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
2360:
4409:
4347:
4294:
3751:
2051:
1264:
1122:
930:
634:
581:
450:
241:
67:
3756:
2178:
Another Economy is Possible: Culture and Economy in a Time of Crisis
1977:
1461:
1336: – Collective behavior of decentralized, self-organized systems
1051:
4402:
4289:
2464:
1315:
1133:
forms arise or evolve from simpler forms. Examples are detailed in
1070:
956:
944:
867:
610:
371:
79:
4338:
3667:
3495:
3204:
The Origins of Order: Self-Organization and Selection in Evolution
2831:
2573:
1917:
1849:
Longo, Giuseppe; Montévil, Maël; Pocheville, Arnaud (2012-01-01).
1365:
2955:
Emergent Evolution: Qualitative Novelty and the Levels of Reality
1617:
The Emergence of Life: From Chemical Origins to Synthetic Biology
1464:. In Gibb, Sophie; Hendry, Robin Findlay; Lancaster, Tom (eds.).
1073:
840:
827:
585:
577:
550:
367:
304:
60:
1685:"The Calculi of Emergence: Computation, Dynamics, and Induction"
1489:
Emergence is much discussed by both philosophers and scientists.
1020:
1620:. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. p. 119.
1126:
614:
3154:
How the Leopard Changed Its Spots: The Evolution of Complexity
3007:
A Different Universe: Reinventing Physics from the Bottom Down
1171:
Emergentism: A Religion of Complexity for the Metamodern World
3767:
3574:
Reframing the Social: Emergentist Systemism and Social Theory
2388:
Journal of the International Society for the Systems Sciences
1956:
Binder, P-M (2009). "Computation: The edge of reductionism".
1372:
The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Spring 2012 Edition)
1285: – Two-dimensional Turing machine with emergent behavior
1102:
1065:, the concept of emergence has been applied in the domain of
863:
609:
Philosophers often understand emergence as a claim about the
3759:: Studies in Emergent Order (SIEO) is an open-access journal
2964:
The Synergism Hypothesis: A Theory of Progressive Evolution
1348: – Spontaneous emergence of order out of seeming chaos
573:
2994:
Beyond Reductionism: New Perspectives in the Life Sciences
1903:
Gu, Mile; et al. (2009). "More really is different".
633:
This concept of emergence dates from at least the time of
3393:
The Emergence of Everything: How the World Became Complex
1645:
Kim, Jaegwon (2006). "Emergence: Core ideas and issues".
773:
Strong emergence can be criticized for leading to causal
554:
2673:
971:
initial conditions. Examples of these processes include
3748:: lecture slides from Helsinki University of Technology
3106:
Chalmers, David J. (2002). "Strong and Weak Emergence"
2269:"Engaging Emergence: Turning Upheaval into Opportunity"
1848:
1597:
1595:
1563:
Chalmers, David J. (2002). "Strong and Weak Emergence"
1293:
Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
720:
analysis. As a consequence the emerging properties are
2737:. Manchester, England: Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
2345:"An essay on ready-ing: Tending the prelude to change"
1366:
O'Connor, Timothy; Wong, Hong Yu (February 28, 2012).
1202: – Hypothesis about sapient life and the universe
3742:: Institute for the Study of Coherence and Emergence.
3109:
Republished in P. Clayton and P. Davies, eds. (2006)
2561:
Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and Its Applications
2558:
1566:
Republished in P. Clayton and P. Davies, eds. (2006)
738:
is weakly emergent would not resolve the traditional
1830:
1818:
1592:
1582:
1580:
1578:
1576:
1279: – Argument by proponents of intelligent design
1033:
An essay on ready-ing: Tending the prelude to change
3739:
2799:
2299:Daniel C. Taylor, Carl E. Taylor, Jesse O. Taylor,
1267: – Ability to make choices without constraints
3225:On Language Change: The Invisible Hand in Language
2502:
999:Looking at emergence in the context of social and
805:
2462:
2190:
1573:
936:The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism
4712:
3311:(second ed.), University of Chicago Press,
2923:The Physics of Life: The Evolution of Everything
1791:
1545:
1426:: CS1 maint: multiple names: translators list (
1261: – In economics, an imposed cost or benefit
759:
82:offers a classic example of emergence in nature.
929:emergence of social formations can be found in
3459:
2267:Holman, Peggy (December 2010 – January 2011).
1455:
1226: – Algorithm exhibiting emergent behavior
1117:In religion, emergence grounds expressions of
751:unless it is interpreted as the impossibility
564:Emergence plays a central role in theories of
4255:
3790:
3134:(2007), The Japanese Journal of Mathematics,
1898:
1896:
522:
3805:Subfields of and cyberneticians involved in
3170:Gödel, Escher, Bach: an Eternal Golden Braid
3049:. Litchfield Park AZ: Emergent Publications.
2992:(1969), A. Koestler; J. R. Smythies (eds.),
2979:
2761:
2494:Hopper, Paul J. (1998). "Emergent grammar".
2463:Slautina, Maria; Marusenko, Mikhail (2014).
2073:
1511:
1159:Syntheism – Creating God in The Internet Age
675:
2764:"Robot Art: An Interview with Leonel Moura"
2266:
2006:
1765:Girvin, Steven M.; Yang, Kun (2019-02-28).
1679:
1196: – Life arising from non-living matter
1150:Beyond Reductionism: Reinventing the Sacred
70:exemplifies emergence in a physical system.
27:Unpredictable phenomenon in complex systems
4262:
4248:
3797:
3783:
3163:
2276:Pegasus Communication: The Systems Thinker
1893:
1792:Kivelson, Sophia; Kivelson, Steve (2016).
1764:
1342: – Collection of co-operating systems
529:
515:
78:A termite "cathedral" mound produced by a
4269:
3591:
3494:
3436:
3031:. Cambridge: MIT Press. pp. 451–461.
2813:
2779:
2707:
2650:
2572:
2303:(New York: Oxford University Press, 2012)
2195:. Vol. 284. Oxford. pp. 107–9.
2050:
1916:
1876:
1866:
1809:
1741:Basic Notions Of Condensed Matter Physics
1255: – Philosophical belief in emergence
59:The formation of complex symmetrical and
3770:: Dutch Institute for Emergent Phenomena
3390:
3362:
3240:
3198:
3142:
3000:
2988:
2846:
2412:
2088:
2021:
1836:
1824:
1737:
1695:(1–3). Utrecht (published 1994): 11–54.
1601:
1384:
73:
54:
3615:
3275:
3177:
3151:
3052:
2975:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
2970:
2961:
2523:"Kielitieteen emergenttinen metateoria"
2381:
2349:Systems Research and Behavioral Science
2342:
2252:CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2125:
1312: – English philosopher (1873–1958)
14:
4713:
3408:
3309:Complexity - Life at the Edge of Chaos
3219:
3102:, Toronto: University of Toronto Press
3026:
2730:
2624:
2520:
2508:
2493:
2175:
2011:. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
1955:
1949:
1330: – Group of synergistic organisms
1112:
712:rather than metaphysically primitive.
4243:
3778:
3725:: An introduction to emergence using
3638:
3480:
3340:Physics of Emergence and Organization
3306:
3252:
3094:
3073:
2980:Huxley, J. S.; Huxley, T. H. (1947).
2952:
2920:
2892:
2612:
2437:
2338:
2336:
2334:
2312:
2140:
1613:
1586:
1551:
1523:
3577:, Ashgate Publishing, archived from
4361:Alternatives to Darwinian evolution
3712:Indiana Philosophy Ontology Project
3691:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
3673:Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
3570:
3542:
3248:, New York: Oxford University Press
2938:Bejan, Adrian; Zane, J. P. (2012).
2611:See review of related research in (
1644:
1467:The Routledge Handbook of Emergence
1434:
1359:
1090:Universal Dielectric Response (UDR)
979:, Future Search, the world cafe or
24:
4741:Concepts in the philosophy of mind
3465:The Major Transitions in Evolution
3337:& Ammar Sakaji (eds) (2008).
3113:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
3037:
2331:
2317:(Repr ed.). London: Brealey.
1902:
1738:Anderson, Philip W. (2018-03-09).
1208: – Cognitive science approach
1173:by Brendan Graham Dempsey (2022).
572:. For instance, the phenomenon of
276:Evolutionary developmental biology
25:
4767:
3680:
3659:
3545:Philosophy of the Social Sciences
3413:, Cambridge Scholars Publishing,
1570:. Oxford: Oxford University Press
1318: – Problem-solving technique
4337:
3127:Oxford: Oxford University Press.
2751:from the original on 2015-05-22.
2343:Bateson, Nora (September 2022).
2289:from the original on 2013-04-18.
2043:10.1111/j.1467-9558.2009.01367.x
1634:from the original on 2015-11-17.
1083:
598:
3876:Cybernetics in the Soviet Union
3443:Micromotives and Macrobehaviour
2982:Evolution and Ethics: 1983–1934
2791:
2755:
2724:
2667:
2618:
2605:
2552:
2521:Määttä, Urho (4 January 2000).
2514:
2487:
2456:
2431:
2406:
2375:
2306:
2293:
2260:
2184:
2169:
2134:
2119:
2082:
2067:
2015:
2000:
1842:
1794:"Defining Emergence in Physics"
1785:
1768:Modern Condensed Matter Physics
1758:
1731:
1722:
1673:
1638:
1607:
1289:Law of Complexity-Consciousness
1021:International Bateson Institute
806:Objective or subjective quality
443:Ordinary differential equations
43:Irreducibility (disambiguation)
3227:, London/New York: Routledge,
2163:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2019.106518
1905:Physica D: Nonlinear Phenomena
1771:. Cambridge University Press.
1557:
1517:
1503:
1494:
1449:
1378:
1136:The Sacred Emergence of Nature
913:
628:
314:Partial differential equations
13:
1:
3746:Towards modeling of emergence
3183:Emergence from Chaos to Order
3111:The Re-Emergence of Emergence
2957:. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic.
2762:Leonel Moura (16 July 2018).
2413:Scharmer, Claus Otto (2016).
2313:Senge, Peter M., ed. (2012).
1568:The Re-Emergence of Emergence
1353:
1324: – Book by Marvin Minsky
1157:, both from 2006, as well as
834:
760:Viability of strong emergence
3411:Art in the Age of Emergence.
3391:Morowitz, Harold J. (2002),
3156:, Princeton University Press
3147:, Cambridge University Press
3137:The Mathematics of Emergence
2871:10.1126/science.177.4047.393
2201:10.1126/science.284.5411.107
2107:10.1080/10455752.2011.648838
1811:10.1038/npjquantmats.2016.24
1709:10.1016/0167-2789(94)90273-9
1370:. In Edward N. Zalta (ed.).
1310:Organic Wholes of G.E. Moore
1298:Libertarianism (metaphysics)
1232: – Evolutionary biology
817:determined by the observer.
7:
3643:, Oxford University Press,
3611:architectureofemergence.com
3538:"Video - Simulation of DRX"
3483:Advances in Complex Systems
3467:, Oxford University Press,
3409:Pearce, Michael J. (2015),
3395:, Oxford University Press,
3365:Cities Design and Evolution
3281:The Self-organizing Economy
3206:, Oxford University Press,
3185:, Oxford University Press,
3058:Steps to an Ecology of Mind
2914:10.1111/0029-4624.31.s11.17
2734:Art in the Age of Emergence
2731:Pearce, Michael J. (2015).
2591:10.1016/j.physa.2012.10.035
2438:Brown, Adrienne M. (2017).
2095:Capitalism Nature Socialism
2078:. New York: Harper Collins.
1935:10.1016/j.physd.2008.12.016
1300: – Term in metaphysics
1186:
580:is an emergent property of
163:Particle swarm optimization
10:
4772:
3856:Computational neuroscience
3463:; Szathmáry, Eörs (1997),
3363:Marshall, Stephen (2009),
2984:. London: The Pilot Press.
2971:Corning, Peter A. (2005).
2962:Corning, Peter A. (1983),
2902:Philosophical Perspectives
2193:Complexity and the economy
2191:Arthur, W. Brian. (2015).
1385:Hartmann, Nicolai (2013).
1238: – Aspect of gameplay
1019:and her colleagues at the
917:
679:
602:
310:Reaction–diffusion systems
139:Self-organized criticality
36:
32:Emergence (disambiguation)
29:
4687:
4581:
4433:
4415:Evolutionary epistemology
4346:
4335:
4277:
3939:
3813:
3757:Studies in Emergent Order
3639:Young, Louise B. (2002),
3513:10.1142/S0219525911003451
3143:Delsemme, Armand (1998),
3045:Alexander, V. N. (2011).
1659:10.1007/s11229-006-9025-0
1530:Problems of Life and Mind
1388:Possibility and actuality
676:Strong and weak emergence
251:Artificial neural network
39:Emergent (disambiguation)
4029:Charles Geoffrey Vickers
3916:Second-order cybernetics
3557:10.1177/0048393109350751
2481:10.3166/lcn.10.4.179-215
2469:Les Cahiers du Numérique
2180:. Wiley. pp. 34–54.
2176:Kallis, Giorgos (2017).
2128:The Great Transformation
2089:Bonauiti, Mauro (2012).
1868:10.3389/fphys.2012.00232
1512:Huxley & Huxley 1947
1125:in which a sense of the
502:Evolutionary game theory
392:Second-order cybernetics
256:Evolutionary computation
172:Collective consciousness
4726:Concepts in metaphysics
4435:Philosophers of biology
3891:Engineering cybernetics
3821:Artificial intelligence
3641:The Unfinished Universe
3599:, John Wiley and Sons,
3571:Wan, Poe Yu-ze (2011),
3246:At Home in the Universe
3152:Goodwin, Brian (2001),
2966:, New York: McGraw-Hill
2893:Bedau, Mark A. (1997).
2442:. Chico, CA: AK Press.
1855:Frontiers in Physiology
1614:Luisi, Pier L. (2006).
1443:Metaphysics (Aristotle)
1304:Mass action (sociology)
1039:are the fruit of their
740:philosophical questions
280:Artificial intelligence
194:Social network analysis
159:Ant colony optimization
131:Collective intelligence
4214:Walter Bradford Cannon
4104:Ludwig von Bertalanffy
3959:Alfred Radcliffe-Brown
3906:Management cybernetics
3831:Biomedical cybernetics
3826:Biological cybernetics
3357:Imperial College Press
3165:Hofstadter, Douglas R.
2925:, St. Martin's Press,
2921:Bejan, Adrian (2016),
2700:10.1098/rsta.2016.0351
2643:10.1098/rstb.2018.0029
2625:Gordon, Goren (2019).
2382:Bateson, Nora (2021).
2126:Polanyi, Karl (1944).
1277:Irreducible complexity
911:
881:
849:
824:
792:
771:
673:
493:Rational choice theory
318:Dissipative structures
83:
71:
4756:Philosophy of physics
4329:Evolutionary taxonomy
4271:Philosophy of biology
4174:Anthony Stafford Beer
4009:Ernst von Glasersfeld
3731:Conway's Game of Life
3717:The Emergent Universe
3686:"Emergent Properties"
3622:A New Kind of Science
3307:Lewin, Roger (2000),
3283:, Oxford: Blackwell,
3079:Cities and Complexity
2953:Blitz, David (1992).
2074:Casti, J. L. (1994).
2022:McKinnon, AM (2010).
1798:npj Quantum Materials
1681:Crutchfield, James P.
1397:10.1515/9783110246681
1368:"Emergent Properties"
1248:Emergent organization
985:Open Space Technology
933:'s most famous work,
906:
898:renormalization group
876:
862:used the metaphor of
845:
819:
783:
766:
686:Reductive materialism
680:Further information:
660:
644:Composition of Causes
421:Theory of computation
284:Evolutionary robotics
151:Agent-based modelling
77:
58:
4204:Valentin Braitenberg
4084:Jay Wright Forrester
3438:Schelling, Thomas C.
3096:Bunge, Mario Augusto
3060:, Ballantine Books,
2996:, London: Hutchinson
2143:Ecological Economics
2007:Luhmann, N. (1995).
1212:Dual-phase evolution
1119:religious naturalism
977:appreciative inquiry
961:ecological economics
682:Emergent materialism
472:Coupled map lattices
438:Time series analysis
198:Small-world networks
30:For other uses, see
4731:Metaphysics of mind
4473:Peter Godfrey-Smith
4229:William Grey Walter
4169:Sergei P. Kurdyumov
4129:N. Katherine Hayles
3911:Medical cybernetics
3871:Conversation theory
3723:Exploring Emergence
3505:2008arXiv0807.3374S
3461:Smith, John Maynard
2863:1972Sci...177..393A
2824:1999Natur.401..130A
2781:10.3390/arts7030028
2692:2017RSPTA.37560351I
2583:2013PhyA..392.1004A
2498:. pp. 155–175.
2155:2020EcoEc.16906518S
2031:Sociological Theory
1970:2009Natur.459..332B
1927:2009PhyD..238..835G
1804:. Nature Research.
1701:1994PhyD...75...11C
1525:Lewes, George Henry
1200:Anthropic principle
1113:In religion and art
1105:, which mimics the
497:Bounded rationality
455:Population dynamics
364:Conversation theory
264:Genetic programming
189:Scale-free networks
121:Collective behavior
18:Emergent phenomenon
4700:History of biology
4695:Philosophy of mind
4669:John Maynard Smith
4589:Francisco J. Ayala
4573:William C. Wimsatt
4568:Gerard Verschuuren
4478:James R. Griesemer
4209:William Ross Ashby
4134:Natalia Bekhtereva
4109:Maleyka Abbaszadeh
4049:Heinz von Foerster
3974:Buckminster Fuller
3901:Information theory
3851:Catastrophe theory
3593:Weinstock, Michael
3130:Felipe Cucker and
1334:Swarm intelligence
1271:Generative science
1230:Emergent evolution
1224:Emergent algorithm
796:downward causation
566:integrative levels
488:Prisoner's dilemma
433:Nonlinear dynamics
388:Operationalization
384:Information theory
260:Genetic algorithms
84:
72:
4736:Pattern formation
4708:
4707:
4639:Humberto Maturana
4624:Stephen Jay Gould
4518:Roberta Millstein
4483:Paul E. Griffiths
4237:
4236:
4159:Ranulph Glanville
4074:Jakob von Uexküll
4054:Humberto Maturana
4014:Francis Heylighen
3650:978-0-19-508039-1
3632:978-1-57955-008-0
3625:, Wolfram Media,
3606:978-0-470-06633-1
3529:Jakub Tkac &
3474:978-0-19-850294-4
3453:978-0-393-05701-0
3420:978-1-443-87057-3
3402:978-0-19-513513-8
3374:978-0-415-42329-8
3349:978-981-277-994-6
3318:978-0-226-47654-4
3290:978-1-55786-698-1
3269:978-0-201-48340-6
3262:, Perseus Books,
3234:978-0-415-07671-5
3213:978-0-19-507951-7
3192:978-0-7382-0142-9
3173:, Harvester Press
3088:978-0-262-52479-7
3067:978-0-226-03905-3
3017:978-0-465-03828-2
2948:978-0-385-53461-1
2808:(6749): 130–131.
2449:978-1-84935-260-4
2440:Emergent strategy
2424:978-1-62656-798-6
2361:10.1002/sres.2896
2324:978-1-85788-355-8
2210:978-0-19-933429-2
1778:978-1-108-57347-4
1751:978-0-429-97374-1
1346:Spontaneous order
1340:System of systems
1236:Emergent gameplay
1177:Michael J. Pearce
1141:Ursula Goodenough
1107:swarming behavior
924:Self-organization
920:Spontaneous order
894:phase transitions
775:overdetermination
694:, by philosopher
539:
538:
326:Cellular automata
300:Pattern formation
231:Adaptive networks
135:Collective action
104:Self-organization
51:Self-organization
47:Spontaneous order
16:(Redirected from
4763:
4659:Joan Roughgarden
4629:Richard Lewontin
4614:Michael Ghiselin
4563:Francisco Varela
4558:Alfred I. Tauber
4513:Jane Maienschein
4341:
4264:
4257:
4250:
4241:
4240:
4224:Warren McCulloch
4199:Valentin Turchin
4149:Pyotr Grigorenko
4094:John N. Warfield
4019:Francisco Varela
3979:Charles François
3949:Alexander Lerner
3926:Sociocybernetics
3846:Neurocybernetics
3799:
3792:
3785:
3776:
3775:
3695:
3682:Zalta, Edward N.
3677:
3653:
3635:
3617:Wolfram, Stephen
3609:
3588:
3587:
3586:
3567:
3523:
3498:
3477:
3456:
3446:, W. W. Norton,
3433:
3405:
3387:
3353:World Scientific
3331:
3303:
3272:
3249:
3242:Kauffman, Stuart
3237:
3216:
3200:Kauffman, Stuart
3195:
3179:Holland, John H.
3174:
3157:
3148:
3103:
3091:
3070:
3054:Bateson, Gregory
3032:
3020:
3002:Laughlin, Robert
2997:
2990:Koestler, Arthur
2985:
2976:
2967:
2958:
2935:
2917:
2899:
2895:"Weak Emergence"
2889:
2857:(4047): 393–96,
2843:
2817:
2815:cond-mat/9907038
2786:
2785:
2783:
2759:
2753:
2752:
2728:
2722:
2721:
2711:
2671:
2665:
2664:
2654:
2622:
2616:
2615:, pp. 1–31)
2609:
2603:
2602:
2576:
2567:(4): 1004–1027.
2556:
2550:
2549:
2547:
2545:
2518:
2512:
2506:
2500:
2499:
2491:
2485:
2484:
2460:
2454:
2453:
2435:
2429:
2428:
2410:
2404:
2403:
2379:
2373:
2372:
2340:
2329:
2328:
2310:
2304:
2297:
2291:
2290:
2288:
2273:
2264:
2258:
2257:
2250:
2244:
2240:
2238:
2230:
2188:
2182:
2181:
2173:
2167:
2166:
2138:
2132:
2131:
2123:
2117:
2116:
2114:
2113:
2086:
2080:
2079:
2071:
2065:
2064:
2054:
2028:
2019:
2013:
2012:
2004:
1998:
1997:
1964:(7245): 332–34.
1953:
1947:
1946:
1920:
1900:
1891:
1890:
1880:
1870:
1846:
1840:
1834:
1828:
1822:
1816:
1815:
1813:
1789:
1783:
1782:
1762:
1756:
1755:
1735:
1729:
1726:
1720:
1719:
1717:
1715:
1677:
1671:
1670:
1642:
1636:
1635:
1611:
1605:
1599:
1590:
1584:
1571:
1561:
1555:
1549:
1543:
1542:
1540:
1538:
1521:
1515:
1507:
1501:
1498:
1492:
1491:
1486:
1484:
1458:Bechtel, William
1456:Winning, Jason;
1453:
1447:
1438:
1432:
1431:
1425:
1417:
1382:
1376:
1375:
1363:
1294:
1242:Emergent gravity
1099:phase transition
654:The philosopher
639:John Stuart Mill
625:(new category).
623:categorial novum
619:Nicolai Hartmann
531:
524:
517:
408:Systems thinking
334:Self-replication
272:Machine learning
226:Dynamic networks
147:Phase transition
86:
85:
21:
4771:
4770:
4766:
4765:
4764:
4762:
4761:
4760:
4711:
4710:
4709:
4704:
4683:
4604:Richard Dawkins
4594:Patrick Bateson
4577:
4523:Sandra Mitchell
4429:
4342:
4333:
4273:
4268:
4238:
4233:
4189:Talcott Parsons
4179:Stuart Kauffman
4079:Jason Jixuan Hu
4064:Igor Aleksander
4044:Gregory Bateson
4039:Gordon S. Brown
4024:Frederic Vester
4004:Erich von Holst
3964:Allenna Leonard
3954:Alexey Lyapunov
3935:
3881:Decision theory
3809:
3803:
3773:
3666:
3662:
3657:
3656:
3651:
3633:
3607:
3584:
3582:
3475:
3454:
3421:
3403:
3375:
3319:
3291:
3270:
3235:
3214:
3193:
3123:(eds.) (2006).
3089:
3068:
3040:
3038:Further reading
3035:
3023:
3018:
3010:, Basic Books,
2933:
2897:
2794:
2789:
2760:
2756:
2745:
2729:
2725:
2672:
2668:
2623:
2619:
2610:
2606:
2557:
2553:
2543:
2541:
2519:
2515:
2507:
2503:
2492:
2488:
2461:
2457:
2450:
2436:
2432:
2425:
2411:
2407:
2384:"Aphanipoiesis"
2380:
2376:
2355:(5): 990–1004.
2341:
2332:
2325:
2311:
2307:
2298:
2294:
2286:
2271:
2265:
2261:
2251:
2242:
2241:
2232:
2231:
2211:
2189:
2185:
2174:
2170:
2139:
2135:
2124:
2120:
2111:
2109:
2087:
2083:
2072:
2068:
2026:
2020:
2016:
2005:
2001:
1978:10.1038/459332a
1954:
1950:
1901:
1894:
1847:
1843:
1835:
1831:
1823:
1819:
1790:
1786:
1779:
1763:
1759:
1752:
1736:
1732:
1727:
1723:
1713:
1711:
1678:
1674:
1643:
1639:
1628:
1612:
1608:
1600:
1593:
1585:
1574:
1562:
1558:
1550:
1546:
1536:
1534:
1522:
1518:
1508:
1504:
1499:
1495:
1482:
1480:
1478:
1454:
1450:
1439:
1435:
1419:
1418:
1407:
1383:
1379:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1351:
1322:Society of Mind
1292:
1189:
1155:Stuart Kauffman
1145:Terrence Deacon
1115:
1086:
1078:language change
965:economic growth
926:
916:
904:concluded that
885:Renormalization
860:Arthur Koestler
853:Robert Laughlin
837:
808:
762:
722:scale dependent
688:
678:
631:
607:
601:
570:complex systems
535:
506:
505:
504:
499:
495:
490:
485:
475:
474:
469:
465:
461:
457:
453:
449:
445:
440:
435:
425:
424:
423:
418:
414:
410:
406:
404:Systems science
402:
400:System dynamics
398:
394:
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
366:
361:
356:
342:
341:
336:
332:
330:Spatial ecology
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
307:
302:
292:
291:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
268:Artificial life
266:
262:
258:
253:
248:
234:
233:
228:
224:
222:Systems biology
220:
216:
212:
208:
204:
200:
196:
191:
186:
176:
175:
174:
169:
167:Swarm behaviour
165:
161:
157:
155:Synchronization
153:
149:
145:
141:
137:
133:
128:
126:Social dynamics
123:
113:
112:
111:
106:
90:Complex systems
53:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4769:
4759:
4758:
4753:
4748:
4743:
4738:
4733:
4728:
4723:
4706:
4705:
4703:
4702:
4697:
4691:
4689:
4685:
4684:
4682:
4681:
4676:
4671:
4666:
4661:
4656:
4651:
4646:
4641:
4636:
4631:
4626:
4621:
4619:François Jacob
4616:
4611:
4606:
4601:
4599:Charles Darwin
4596:
4591:
4585:
4583:
4579:
4578:
4576:
4575:
4570:
4565:
4560:
4555:
4550:
4545:
4543:Sahotra Sarkar
4540:
4535:
4533:Alex Rosenberg
4530:
4525:
4520:
4515:
4510:
4505:
4500:
4498:Philip Kitcher
4495:
4490:
4485:
4480:
4475:
4470:
4468:Marjorie Grene
4465:
4460:
4455:
4453:Daniel Dennett
4450:
4448:Lindley Darden
4445:
4439:
4437:
4431:
4430:
4428:
4427:
4422:
4417:
4412:
4407:
4406:
4405:
4400:
4395:
4394:
4393:
4383:
4378:
4373:
4368:
4358:
4352:
4350:
4344:
4343:
4336:
4334:
4332:
4331:
4326:
4325:
4324:
4314:
4309:
4304:
4303:
4302:
4297:
4292:
4281:
4279:
4275:
4274:
4267:
4266:
4259:
4252:
4244:
4235:
4234:
4232:
4231:
4226:
4221:
4216:
4211:
4206:
4201:
4196:
4191:
4186:
4184:Stuart Umpleby
4181:
4176:
4171:
4166:
4161:
4156:
4151:
4146:
4144:Norbert Wiener
4141:
4139:Niklas Luhmann
4136:
4131:
4126:
4121:
4116:
4114:Manfred Clynes
4111:
4106:
4101:
4096:
4091:
4089:Jennifer Wilby
4086:
4081:
4076:
4071:
4066:
4061:
4059:I. A. Richards
4056:
4051:
4046:
4041:
4036:
4031:
4026:
4021:
4016:
4011:
4006:
4001:
3996:
3994:Claude Bernard
3991:
3989:Margaret Boden
3986:
3984:Genevieve Bell
3981:
3976:
3971:
3969:Anthony Wilden
3966:
3961:
3956:
3951:
3945:
3943:
3941:Cyberneticians
3937:
3936:
3934:
3933:
3928:
3923:
3921:Cybersemiotics
3918:
3913:
3908:
3903:
3898:
3893:
3888:
3883:
3878:
3873:
3868:
3866:Control theory
3863:
3858:
3853:
3848:
3843:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3823:
3817:
3815:
3811:
3810:
3802:
3801:
3794:
3787:
3779:
3772:
3771:
3765:
3760:
3754:
3749:
3743:
3737:
3720:
3714:
3705:
3696:
3678:
3663:
3661:
3660:External links
3658:
3655:
3654:
3649:
3636:
3631:
3613:
3605:
3589:
3568:
3551:(2): 178–210,
3540:
3527:
3524:
3489:(6): 905–949,
3478:
3473:
3457:
3452:
3434:
3419:
3406:
3401:
3388:
3373:
3360:
3335:Ignazio Licata
3332:
3317:
3304:
3289:
3273:
3268:
3250:
3238:
3233:
3217:
3212:
3196:
3191:
3175:
3161:
3158:
3149:
3140:
3128:
3117:Philip Clayton
3114:
3104:
3092:
3087:
3075:Batty, Michael
3071:
3066:
3050:
3042:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3033:
3022:
3021:
3016:
2998:
2986:
2977:
2968:
2959:
2950:
2936:
2932:978-1250078827
2931:
2918:
2890:
2844:
2796:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2787:
2754:
2744:978-1443870573
2743:
2723:
2666:
2617:
2604:
2551:
2529:(in Finnish).
2513:
2501:
2486:
2475:(4): 179–215.
2455:
2448:
2430:
2423:
2405:
2374:
2330:
2323:
2305:
2292:
2259:
2243:|journal=
2209:
2183:
2168:
2133:
2118:
2081:
2066:
2014:
2009:Social systems
1999:
1948:
1892:
1841:
1829:
1817:
1784:
1777:
1757:
1750:
1730:
1721:
1672:
1637:
1627:978-0521821179
1626:
1606:
1591:
1572:
1556:
1544:
1516:
1514:, p. 120)
1502:
1493:
1476:
1448:
1433:
1405:
1377:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1349:
1343:
1337:
1331:
1325:
1319:
1313:
1307:
1301:
1295:
1286:
1280:
1274:
1268:
1262:
1256:
1250:
1245:
1239:
1233:
1227:
1221:
1215:
1209:
1203:
1197:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1169:from 2014 and
1167:Jan Söderqvist
1163:Alexander Bard
1114:
1111:
1085:
1082:
1076:, or at least
1037:Warm Data Labs
1005:living systems
981:knowledge cafe
915:
912:
872:reductionistic
836:
833:
807:
804:
761:
758:
702:David Chalmers
692:Weak Emergence
677:
674:
630:
627:
603:Main article:
600:
597:
576:as studied in
547:systems theory
537:
536:
534:
533:
526:
519:
511:
508:
507:
486:
481:
480:
477:
476:
463:Multistability
436:
431:
430:
427:
426:
396:Self-reference
357:
350:Systems theory
348:
347:
344:
343:
303:
298:
297:
294:
293:
249:
240:
239:
236:
235:
187:
182:
181:
178:
177:
143:Herd mentality
124:
119:
118:
115:
114:
107:
102:
101:
98:
97:
93:
92:
80:termite colony
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4768:
4757:
4754:
4752:
4749:
4747:
4744:
4742:
4739:
4737:
4734:
4732:
4729:
4727:
4724:
4722:
4719:
4718:
4716:
4701:
4698:
4696:
4693:
4692:
4690:
4686:
4680:
4677:
4675:
4672:
4670:
4667:
4665:
4662:
4660:
4657:
4655:
4652:
4650:
4649:Jacques Monod
4647:
4645:
4642:
4640:
4637:
4635:
4634:Konrad Lorenz
4632:
4630:
4627:
4625:
4622:
4620:
4617:
4615:
4612:
4610:
4609:Jared Diamond
4607:
4605:
4602:
4600:
4597:
4595:
4592:
4590:
4587:
4586:
4584:
4580:
4574:
4571:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4548:Elliott Sober
4546:
4544:
4541:
4539:
4536:
4534:
4531:
4529:
4526:
4524:
4521:
4519:
4516:
4514:
4511:
4509:
4508:Helen Longino
4506:
4504:
4501:
4499:
4496:
4494:
4491:
4489:
4486:
4484:
4481:
4479:
4476:
4474:
4471:
4469:
4466:
4464:
4461:
4459:
4456:
4454:
4451:
4449:
4446:
4444:
4441:
4440:
4438:
4436:
4432:
4426:
4423:
4421:
4418:
4416:
4413:
4411:
4408:
4404:
4401:
4399:
4396:
4392:
4389:
4388:
4387:
4386:Structuralism
4384:
4382:
4379:
4377:
4374:
4372:
4369:
4367:
4366:Catastrophism
4364:
4363:
4362:
4359:
4357:
4356:Adaptationism
4354:
4353:
4351:
4349:
4345:
4340:
4330:
4327:
4323:
4320:
4319:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4301:
4300:Kin selection
4298:
4296:
4293:
4291:
4288:
4287:
4286:
4283:
4282:
4280:
4276:
4272:
4265:
4260:
4258:
4253:
4251:
4246:
4245:
4242:
4230:
4227:
4225:
4222:
4220:
4217:
4215:
4212:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4202:
4200:
4197:
4195:
4194:Ulla Mitzdorf
4192:
4190:
4187:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4172:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4164:Robert Trappl
4162:
4160:
4157:
4155:
4152:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4122:
4120:
4119:Margaret Mead
4117:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4102:
4100:
4099:Kevin Warwick
4097:
4095:
4092:
4090:
4087:
4085:
4082:
4080:
4077:
4075:
4072:
4070:
4069:Jacque Fresco
4067:
4065:
4062:
4060:
4057:
4055:
4052:
4050:
4047:
4045:
4042:
4040:
4037:
4035:
4032:
4030:
4027:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3946:
3944:
3942:
3938:
3932:
3929:
3927:
3924:
3922:
3919:
3917:
3914:
3912:
3909:
3907:
3904:
3902:
3899:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3864:
3862:
3861:Connectionism
3859:
3857:
3854:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3818:
3816:
3812:
3808:
3800:
3795:
3793:
3788:
3786:
3781:
3780:
3777:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3761:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3747:
3744:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3735:MIT Media Lab
3732:
3728:
3724:
3721:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3700:
3697:
3693:
3692:
3687:
3683:
3679:
3675:
3674:
3669:
3665:
3664:
3652:
3646:
3642:
3637:
3634:
3628:
3624:
3623:
3618:
3614:
3612:
3608:
3602:
3598:
3594:
3590:
3581:on 2013-03-11
3580:
3576:
3575:
3569:
3566:
3562:
3558:
3554:
3550:
3546:
3541:
3539:
3536:
3532:
3528:
3525:
3522:
3518:
3514:
3510:
3506:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3488:
3484:
3479:
3476:
3470:
3466:
3462:
3458:
3455:
3449:
3445:
3444:
3439:
3435:
3432:
3431:
3430:1-443-87057-9
3427:
3422:
3416:
3412:
3407:
3404:
3398:
3394:
3389:
3386:
3385:
3384:0-415-42329-5
3381:
3376:
3370:
3367:, Routledge,
3366:
3361:
3358:
3354:
3350:
3346:
3342:
3341:
3336:
3333:
3330:
3329:
3328:0-226-47655-3
3325:
3320:
3314:
3310:
3305:
3302:
3301:
3300:0-87609-177-X
3297:
3292:
3286:
3282:
3278:
3277:Krugman, Paul
3274:
3271:
3265:
3261:
3260:
3255:
3251:
3247:
3243:
3239:
3236:
3230:
3226:
3222:
3218:
3215:
3209:
3205:
3201:
3197:
3194:
3188:
3184:
3180:
3176:
3172:
3171:
3166:
3162:
3159:
3155:
3150:
3146:
3141:
3139:
3138:
3133:
3132:Stephen Smale
3129:
3126:
3122:
3118:
3115:
3112:
3108:
3105:
3101:
3097:
3093:
3090:
3084:
3081:, MIT Press,
3080:
3076:
3072:
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2924:
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2888:
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2832:10.1038/43601
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2337:
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2281:
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2044:
2040:
2037:(1): 108–26.
2036:
2032:
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2010:
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1995:
1991:
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1979:
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1944:
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1932:
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1924:
1919:
1914:
1911:(9): 835–39.
1910:
1906:
1899:
1897:
1888:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1845:
1838:
1837:Anderson 1972
1833:
1826:
1825:Koestler 1969
1821:
1812:
1807:
1803:
1799:
1795:
1788:
1780:
1774:
1770:
1769:
1761:
1753:
1747:
1744:. CRC Press.
1743:
1742:
1734:
1725:
1710:
1706:
1702:
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1690:
1686:
1682:
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1653:(3): 547–59.
1652:
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1603:
1602:Laughlin 2005
1598:
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1328:Superorganism
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1013:
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994:self-assemble
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683:
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670:
669:commensurable
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659:
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650:
649:Julian Huxley
646:
645:
640:
636:
626:
624:
620:
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606:
599:In philosophy
596:
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589:
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428:
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419:
417:
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377:
376:Goal-oriented
373:
369:
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360:
355:
351:
346:
345:
340:
339:Geomorphology
337:
335:
331:
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
306:
301:
296:
295:
290:
287:
285:
281:
277:
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232:
229:
227:
223:
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215:
211:
207:
203:
199:
195:
190:
185:
180:
179:
173:
170:
168:
164:
160:
156:
152:
148:
144:
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87:
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4674:E. O. Wilson
4664:Rolf Sattler
4553:Kim Sterelny
4538:Michael Ruse
4425:Tree of life
4376:Orthogenesis
4321:
4312:Reductionism
4219:Walter Pitts
4124:Marian Mazur
3999:Cliff Joslyn
3885:
3841:Biosemiotics
3689:
3671:
3640:
3621:
3596:
3583:, retrieved
3579:the original
3573:
3548:
3544:
3486:
3482:
3464:
3442:
3424:
3410:
3392:
3378:
3364:
3339:
3322:
3308:
3294:
3280:
3258:
3254:Kelly, Kevin
3245:
3224:
3221:Keller, Rudi
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2981:
2972:
2963:
2954:
2939:
2922:
2905:
2901:
2854:
2848:
2805:
2801:
2792:Bibliography
2771:
2767:
2757:
2733:
2726:
2683:
2679:
2669:
2634:
2630:
2620:
2607:
2564:
2560:
2554:
2542:. Retrieved
2530:
2526:
2516:
2504:
2495:
2489:
2472:
2468:
2458:
2439:
2433:
2414:
2408:
2391:
2387:
2377:
2352:
2348:
2314:
2308:
2300:
2295:
2279:
2275:
2262:
2192:
2186:
2177:
2171:
2146:
2142:
2136:
2127:
2121:
2110:. Retrieved
2101:(1): 30–50.
2098:
2094:
2084:
2075:
2069:
2034:
2030:
2017:
2008:
2002:
1961:
1957:
1951:
1908:
1904:
1858:
1854:
1844:
1832:
1820:
1801:
1797:
1787:
1767:
1760:
1740:
1733:
1724:
1712:. Retrieved
1692:
1688:
1675:
1650:
1646:
1640:
1616:
1609:
1567:
1559:
1547:
1535:. Retrieved
1529:
1519:
1505:
1496:
1488:
1481:. Retrieved
1466:
1451:
1441:
1436:
1412:
1410:
1387:
1380:
1371:
1361:
1181:Leonel Moura
1175:
1170:
1158:
1149:
1134:
1116:
1087:
1060:
1056:facilitation
1049:
1045:Aphanipoesis
1032:
1024:
1017:Nora Bateson
1014:
1009:
998:
969:
949:Karl Polanyi
934:
927:
907:
901:
888:
882:
877:
857:
850:
846:
838:
825:
820:
809:
793:
784:
772:
767:
763:
752:
745:
730:
721:
718:reductionist
714:
710:supervenient
706:
700:
691:
689:
661:
653:
647:, 1843) and
642:
632:
622:
608:
590:
563:
558:
540:
491:
441:
362:
308:
289:Evolvability
254:
210:Graph theory
192:
129:
108:
4654:Denis Noble
4528:Susan Oyama
4443:John Beatty
4381:Mutationism
4154:Qian Xuesen
4034:Gordon Pask
3931:Synergetics
3896:Homeostasis
3836:Biorobotics
3807:cybernetics
3668:"Emergence"
3121:Paul Davies
2908:: 375–399.
2509:Keller 1994
1440:Aristotle,
1259:Externality
1253:Emergentism
1218:Emergenesis
1194:Abiogenesis
1063:linguistics
1029:flexibility
959:and social
914:In humanity
800:physicalism
788:nomological
779:Jaegwon Kim
753:in practice
748:irreducible
665:homogeneous
656:G. H. Lewes
629:Definitions
605:Emergentism
593:emergentism
483:Game theory
467:Bifurcation
447:Phase space
412:Sensemaking
380:Homeostasis
359:Autopoiesis
354:cybernetics
322:Percolation
4715:Categories
4679:Jonas Salk
4644:Ernst Mayr
4582:Biologists
4503:Tim Lewens
4493:Hans Jonas
4488:David Hull
4463:Carla Fehr
4458:John Dupré
4371:Lamarckism
4307:Naturalism
3740:ISCE group
3703:PhilPapers
3585:2012-02-13
2613:Smith 2008
2533:(4): 498.
2112:2024-04-10
1587:Bedau 1997
1552:Blitz 1992
1483:25 October
1354:References
1109:of birds.
1067:stylometry
989:SEED-SCALE
973:SEED-SCALE
953:ecological
941:capitalism
918:See also:
835:In science
812:subjective
696:Mark Bedau
543:philosophy
451:Attractors
246:adaptation
218:Robustness
202:Centrality
68:snowflakes
37:See also:
4721:Emergence
4420:Teleology
4410:Darwinism
4348:Evolution
4322:Emergence
4295:Dysgenics
3886:Emergence
3814:Subfields
3763:Emergence
3733:from the
3708:Emergence
3699:Emergence
3565:144965056
3531:Jiri Kroc
3496:0807.3374
2774:(3): 28.
2574:1204.5601
2539:2242-8828
2527:Virittäjä
2400:1999-6918
2369:1092-7026
2245:ignored (
2235:cite book
2219:876140942
2061:144579790
2052:2164/3035
1994:205046586
1918:0809.0151
1422:cite book
1265:Free will
1123:syntheism
931:Max Weber
858:Novelist
815:qualities
635:Aristotle
582:chemistry
559:emergence
242:Evolution
109:Emergence
4751:Ontology
4403:Vitalism
4398:Theistic
4391:Spandrel
4290:Eugenics
3619:(2002),
3595:(2010),
3521:18937228
3440:(1978),
3279:(1996),
3256:(1994),
3244:(1995),
3223:(1994),
3202:(1993),
3181:(1998),
3167:(1979),
3098:(2003),
3077:(2005),
3056:(1972),
3004:(2005),
2887:34548824
2879:17796623
2749:Archived
2718:29133449
2686:(2109).
2661:30853006
2637:(1771).
2599:15801210
2544:24 March
2284:Archived
2227:10103172
1986:19458701
1943:61197980
1887:22934001
1683:(1993).
1647:Synthese
1632:Archived
1527:(1875).
1460:(2019).
1316:Polytely
1187:See also
1071:language
1052:Theory U
957:degrowth
945:feedback
896:and the
868:holistic
826:The low
611:etiology
372:Feedback
305:Fractals
184:Networks
64:patterns
4688:Related
3710:at the
3684:(ed.).
3501:Bibcode
2859:Bibcode
2850:Science
2840:4419938
2820:Bibcode
2709:5686407
2688:Bibcode
2652:6452242
2579:Bibcode
2151:Bibcode
1966:Bibcode
1923:Bibcode
1878:3429021
1861:: 232.
1697:Bibcode
1689:Physica
1131:complex
1074:grammar
1001:systems
841:physics
828:entropy
586:physics
578:biology
568:and of
551:science
416:Variety
368:Entropy
214:Scaling
61:fractal
4746:Holism
4317:Holism
4285:Ethics
4278:Themes
3647:
3629:
3603:
3563:
3519:
3471:
3450:
3428:
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3189:
3119:&
3085:
3064:
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2946:
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2838:
2802:Nature
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1984:
1958:Nature
1941:
1885:
1875:
1775:
1748:
1714:24 Mar
1667:875121
1665:
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1537:24 Mar
1474:
1403:
1165:&
1143:&
1127:sacred
1041:praxis
902:et al.
889:et al.
781:says:
615:system
553:, and
206:Motifs
96:Topics
49:, and
3561:S2CID
3517:S2CID
3491:arXiv
2898:(PDF)
2883:S2CID
2836:S2CID
2810:arXiv
2595:S2CID
2569:arXiv
2394:(1).
2287:(PDF)
2272:(PDF)
2057:S2CID
2027:(PDF)
1990:S2CID
1939:S2CID
1913:arXiv
1663:S2CID
1413:novum
1103:Boids
1097:as a
992:that
864:Janus
732:Bedau
613:of a
459:Chaos
3768:DIEP
3729:and
3645:ISBN
3627:ISBN
3601:ISBN
3469:ISBN
3448:ISBN
3426:ISBN
3415:ISBN
3397:ISBN
3380:ISBN
3369:ISBN
3355:and
3345:ISBN
3324:ISBN
3313:ISBN
3296:ISBN
3285:ISBN
3264:ISBN
3229:ISBN
3208:ISBN
3187:ISBN
3083:ISBN
3062:ISBN
3012:ISBN
2944:ISBN
2927:ISBN
2875:PMID
2768:Arts
2739:ISBN
2714:PMID
2657:PMID
2546:2022
2535:ISSN
2444:ISBN
2419:ISBN
2396:ISSN
2365:ISSN
2319:ISBN
2254:link
2247:help
2223:PMID
2215:OCLC
2205:ISBN
1982:PMID
1883:PMID
1773:ISBN
1746:ISBN
1716:2019
1622:ISBN
1539:2019
1485:2020
1472:ISBN
1428:link
1401:ISBN
1147:and
1121:and
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870:vs.
684:and
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584:and
574:life
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2103:doi
2047:hdl
2039:doi
1974:doi
1962:459
1931:doi
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