228:, the former U.S. Army intelligence analyst known for leaking the largest set of classified documents in American history. At no point during her 2009–10 deployment in Iraq, Manning wrote, were there more than a dozen American journalists covering military operations—in a country of 31 million people and 117,000 U.S. troops. Manning charged that vetting of reporters by military public affairs officials was used "to screen out those judged likely to produce critical coverage," and that once embedded, journalists tended "to avoid controversial reporting that could raise red flags" out of fear having their access terminated. "A result," wrote Manning, "is that the American public's access to the facts is gutted, which leaves them with no way to evaluate the conduct of American officials." Manning noted, "This program of limiting press access was challenged in court in 2013 by a freelance reporter, Wayne Anderson, who claimed to have followed his agreement but to have been terminated after publishing adverse reports about the conflict in Afghanistan. The ruling on his case upheld the military's position that there was no constitutionally protected right to be an embedded journalist."
31:
77:
embeds to stay with assigned units. Journalists sometimes opted to act as unilaterals out of concern that being under the constant protection of troops in the US-led coalition on the battlefield would bias their judgement in favor of coalition forces. The military often regarded unilateral journalists as sources of trouble on the battlefield and refuse to talk to them or not recognize unilateral journalists as "official" media.
143:
spokesman, Rivera "actually revealed the time of an attack prior to its occurrence." Although Rivera—like Philip
Smucker—was not officially embedded, he was swiftly escorted back to Kuwait. A week later, Rivera apologized. "I'm sorry that it happened," he said on Fox News Channel, "and I assure you
138:
similarly broadcast details from Iraq of the position and plans of U.S. troops. "Let me draw a few lines here for you," he said, making on-camera marks in the sand. "First, I want to make some emphasis here that these hash marks here, this is us. We own that territory. It's 40%, maybe even a little
96:
At the start of the war in March 2003, as many as 775 reporters and photographers were traveling as embedded journalists. These reporters signed contracts with the military promising not to report information that could compromise unit position, future missions, classified weapons, and information
76:
Journalists who instead opted to cover the invasion of Iraq on the battlefield while unattached to any military force came to be called "unilaterals." Journalists chose to act as unilaterals to avoid the restrictions imposed on them by the military, and sometimes embed restrictions, which required
201:
Embed critics objected that the level of military oversight was too strict and that embedded journalists would make reports that were too sympathetic to the
American side of the war, leading to use of the alternate term "inbedded journalist" or "inbeds". "Those correspondents who drive around in
97:
they might find. Joint training for war correspondents started in
November 2002 in advance of start of the war. When asked why the military decided to embed journalists with the troops, Lt. Col. Rick Long of the U.S. Marine Corps replied, "Frankly, our job is to win the war. Part of that is
147:
In
December 2005 the U.S. Coalition Forces Land Component Command in Kuwait pulled the credentials of two embedded journalists on a two-week assignment for the Virginian-Pilot newspaper in Norfolk, Virginia, claiming they violated a prohibition against photographing damaged vehicles.
206:
in an interview, "who are spoon-fed what the military gives them and they become mascots for the military, these journalists. I wouldn't have journalists embedded if I had any power!... There are stories you can do that aren't done. I've said that many times."
259:(IEDs) were used extensively against U.S.-led Coalition forces, and accounted for the majority of Coalition casualties. Journalists travelling with ground forces were at the same risk. On January 29, 2006, while embedded with the U.S. Army's
238:
said, "They're relying more on the military to get them where they want to go, and as a result, the military is getting smarter about getting its own story told." But, she added, "I don't necessarily consider that a bad thing."
144:
that it was inadvertent. Nobody was hurt by what I said. No mission was compromised." However, a network review, he admitted, "showed that I did indeed break one of the rules related to embedment."
281:, and an IED detonated beneath them. At the time of the attack, Woodruff and Vogt were exposed, standing in the back hatch of their Iraqi mechanized vehicle taping a video log of the patrol.
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119:. Smucker was not officially embedded, but all reporters in the theater of war were deemed subject to Pentagon oversight. On March 26, 2003, during an interview with
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We were a propaganda arm of our governments. At the start the censors enforced that, but by the end we were our own censors. We were cheerleaders.
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57:. While the term could be applied to many historical interactions between journalists and military personnel, it first came to be used in the
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campaign and an effort to keep reporters away from civilian populations and sympathetic to invading forces; for example by the
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The first journalist to run afoul of U.S. military rules in Iraq was freelancer Philip
Smucker, travelling on assignment for
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responded to pressure from the country's news media who were disappointed by the level of access granted during the 1991
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of embedded journalism are considered controversial. The practice has been criticized as being part of a
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795:"Eyes Wide Shut? The Impact of Embedded Journalism on Dutch Newspaper Coverage of Afghanistan"
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were, together with an Iraqi soldier, seriously injured when their convoy was ambushed near
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593:"MRE Criticizes Expelling of Embeds Over Pix of Shot-Up Humvee – Editor & Publisher"
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438:"Reporters, commentators conduct an in-depth postmortem of Iraq war's media coverage"
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742:"Refworld - UNESCO deplores recent killing, abduction of journalists in Afghanistan"
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561:"A NATION AT WAR: COVERAGE; Pentagon Says Geraldo Rivera Will Be Removed From Iraq"
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whereby embedded journalists accompanied the invading forces as cheerleaders and
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published an opinion piece critical of embedded journalism during both the U.S.
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101:. So we are going to attempt to dominate the information environment."
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War Made Easy: How
Presidents & Pundits Keep Spinning Us to Death
34:
An embedded civilian journalist taking photographs of US soldiers in
643:"Embedistan: Embedding in Iraq During the Invasion and the Drawdown"
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799:
723:"How journalists embedded in Afghanistan are too close for comfort"
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50:
676:"Opinion - Chelsea Manning on the U.S. Military and Media Freedom"
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340:(who actually filmed the embed process and how the media worked).
336:. Featuring appearances by many well known journalists including
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524:"Postmortem: Iraq war media coverage both dazzled and obscured"
176:
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919:
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696:. 6 April 2005. Archived from the original on 6 April 2005.
780:-documentary by the Hudson Mohawk Independent Media Center
460:
120:
322:, a book about the experiences of an embedded journalist
202:
tanks and armored personnel carriers," said journalist
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The practice has been criticized as being part of a
27:
Practice of attaching journalists to military units
1420:
740:Refugees, United Nations High Commissioner for.
706:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
139:more than that." At another point, complained a
756:"Woodruff, Cameraman Seriously Injured in Iraq"
413:"Embedded journalism: A distorted view of war"
332:, a documentary by former network journalist,
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579:"Geraldo: I Messed Up, But 'Nobody Was Hurt'"
542:"Silha Center : University of Minnesota"
59:media coverage of the 2003 invasion of Iraq
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822:
800:Military Reporters and Editors Association
694:"Embed Cavallaro sees war from the inside"
480:"War in Iraq -- Media embed ground rules"
376:
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364:Pew Research Center's Journalism Project
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29:
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404:
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1421:
790:"Flabby journalists sent to boot camp"
506:"Flabby journalists sent to boot camp"
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456:"Pros and Cons of Embedded Journalism"
411:Cockburn, Patrick (23 November 2010).
382:
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641:Myers, Steven Lee (20 August 2010).
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785:"War reporters get battle training"
358:Center, Pew Research (2003-04-03).
314:'s approach to news coverage of war
231:Gina Cavallaro, a reporter for the
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24:
778:Independent Media In A Time Of War
504:Borger, Julian (1 November 2002).
25:
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674:Manning, Chelsea (14 June 2014).
626:Farrell, Stephen (25 June 2010).
729:– via www.theguardian.com.
512:– via www.theguardian.com.
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127:. He was thereafter expelled.
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1:
901:Pundit / commentator
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112:The Christian Science Monitor
559:Carr, David (1 April 2003).
383:Shafer, Jack (May 1, 2003).
257:improvised explosive devices
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71:U.S. invasion of Afghanistan
7:
1406:List of journalism articles
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218:military occupation of Iraq
10:
1475:
1459:Propaganda in the Iraq War
1434:People associated with war
597:www.editorandpublisher.com
242:
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1087:
989:
911:
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656:Interview with Gay Talese
327:Weapons of Mass Deception
385:"Embeds and Unilaterals"
224:. It was written by PVT
158:Objectivity (journalism)
861:Journalists (reporters)
1454:Iraq War and the media
975:Editorial independence
310:, a documentary about
291:Editorial independence
173:
63:United States military
39:
1331:Pink-slime journalism
1316:Horse race journalism
261:4th Infantry Division
195:The War You Don't See
161:
156:Further information:
92:2003 invasion of Iraq
33:
1449:Iraq War terminology
1306:Freedom of the press
360:"Embedded Reporters"
296:Freedom of the press
1439:Types of journalism
1368:Newspaper of record
664:, October 27, 2007.
658:, David Shankbone,
599:. 15 December 2005.
338:Robert Young Pelton
117:1st Marine Division
99:information warfare
82:propaganda campaign
43:Embedded journalism
762:. 4 February 2006.
680:The New York Times
614:The First Casualty
610:Knightley, Phillip
565:The New York Times
266:World News Tonight
253:War in Afghanistan
222:war in Afghanistan
213:The New York Times
210:On June 14, 2014,
53:units involved in
49:being attached to
47:war correspondents
40:
1429:Mass media issues
1416:
1415:
1394:Alternative media
1346:Yellow journalism
980:Journalism school
546:www.silha.umn.edu
301:War correspondent
185:documentary films
130:Four days later,
18:Embedded reporter
16:(Redirected from
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1341:Propaganda model
1336:Public relations
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482:. Archived from
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105:Military control
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319:Generation Kill
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1188:Human-interest
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1168:Digital/Online
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771:External links
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1379:TV and radio
1311:Infotainment
1301:Fifth Estate
1198:Interpretive
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896:Photographer
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727:The Guardian
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628:"Embedistan"
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510:The Guardian
509:
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488:. Retrieved
484:the original
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466:the original
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420:. Retrieved
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394:. Retrieved
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367:. Retrieved
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312:The Pentagon
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271:Bob Woodruff
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1444:War writers
1258:Underground
1173:Explanatory
1098:Adversarial
1063:Video games
1018:Environment
960:Attribution
955:News values
950:Objectivity
881:Copy editor
809:SourceWatch
422:3 September
307:Enemy Image
1423:Categories
1364:Newspapers
1356:News media
1321:Media bias
1223:Non-profit
1208:Multimedia
1128:Churnalism
1053:Technology
965:Defamation
912:Profession
845:Journalism
490:2010-03-24
369:2023-11-03
345:References
279:Taji, Iraq
269:co-anchor
234:Army Times
204:Gay Talese
181:propaganda
45:refers to
1374:Magazines
1291:Fake news
1213:Narrative
1193:Immersion
1153:Community
1123:Broadcast
866:Columnist
275:Doug Vogt
152:Criticism
115:with the
1408:–
1384:Internet
1273:Watchdog
1163:Database
1118:Blogging
1113:Analytic
1103:Advocacy
1038:Politics
1028:Medicine
1003:Business
805:Embedded
760:ABC News
702:cite web
661:Wikinews
285:See also
263:, ABC's
249:Iraq War
220:and the
166:—
67:Gulf War
51:military
1410:Outline
1253:Tabloid
1228:Opinion
1133:Citizen
1073:Weather
1058:Traffic
1043:Science
1023:Fashion
945:Culture
929:Five Ws
871:Blogger
243:Dangers
141:CENTCOM
1268:Visual
1248:Sensor
1089:Genres
1048:Sports
935:Ethics
876:Editor
396:3 July
177:ethics
61:. The
1263:Video
1233:Peace
1183:Gonzo
1138:Civic
1078:World
1033:Music
990:Areas
852:Roles
390:Slate
1158:Data
1008:Data
998:Arts
920:News
708:link
424:2020
398:2023
251:and
192:and
175:The
36:Pana
1068:War
807:at
461:PBS
125:NPR
121:CNN
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