31:
438:
associate professor of bacteriology in 1948, and a professor in the newly renamed department of microbiology in 1952. He was named the
Higgins Professor of Microbiology in 1983, and Higgins Professor of Microbiology Emeritus in 1985. Aside from publishing over 470 articles and many textbooks while affiliated with Columbia University, he also taught future Nobel Laureate
437:
Kabat spent the majority of his career as a faculty member of the
Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons. Hired as a research associate by the department of biochemistry in 1941, he joined the faculty of the department of bacteriology as an assistant professor in 1946. Kabat became an
480:
as a
Fogarty Scholar in 1974, Kabat continued to conduct government research alongside his teaching at Columbia University well after his 1985 emeritus appointment, maintaining a working research laboratory and remaining an active member of the Department of Microbiology until his death.
497:. Since 2001, the families of Michael Heidelberger and Kabat have worked with Columbia University's Department of Microbiology and Immunology to organize a roughly annual Heidelberger-Kabat Distinguished Lecture in Immunology.
371:
Kabat's parents arrived in the United States from
Eastern Europe toward the end of the 19th century, changing their last name from Kabatchnick to Kabat. The bankruptcy of his family's dress manufacturing business during the
4513:
465:, interfering in his study of the histochemical localization of enzymes. Additionally, he was stripped of his passport and prevented from attending international conferences until the
208:
144:
392:
263:
84:
4518:
466:
328:
641:
743:
546:
4508:
4503:
489:
In 1942, Kabat married Sally
Lennick, a young Canadian art student. They had three children, one of whom is the American developer of
4538:
344:
736:
614:
523:
227:
219:
4523:
1001:
352:
395:, introduced through Heidelberger's wife Nina, a customer of the Kabat family's dress business. Kabat started work on his
4533:
4528:
340:
286:
242:
based on their variable regions. In 1969, he started collecting and aligning the amino acid sequences of human and mouse
191:(September 1, 1914 – June 16, 2000) was an American biomedical scientist and one of the founding fathers of quantitative
3321:
729:
490:
462:
376:
led to Kabat's life-long miserly attitudes toward personal and laboratory expenditures. Elvin began high school in
391:
In
January 1933, Kabat began working in Michael Heidelberger's laboratory by conducting routine lab chores at the
4498:
3353:
966:
519:
477:
176:
63:
3683:
356:
223:
3435:
2221:
1723:
1141:
336:
4391:
3655:
1381:
247:
196:
134:
2630:
2179:
1064:
752:
360:
204:
139:
721:
430:(IgG). In 1938, he returned to New York City to take up a position as an instructor of pathology at
316:
of different lengths to interfere with antibodies attempting to bind to the blood plasma substitute
4079:
3525:
2648:
2481:
598:
381:
332:
75:
3390:
2104:
1229:
2658:
4378:
3947:
3847:
3834:
3660:
2790:
2764:
2736:
2410:
2284:
2068:
1572:
1524:
1206:
1077:
859:
403:
320:, accurately estimating the size and shape of antibody-binding sites before the development of
275:
231:
453:
mandating loyal screenings of all federal employees, Kabat was reported by
Swedish biochemist
4438:
3824:
3806:
3706:
3619:
2986:
2431:
1462:
1247:
1059:
907:
348:
321:
129:
642:"The Reclusive Revolutionary: Dr. Elvin Kabat and His Legacy - Historical Faculty Highlight"
304:
Kabat is best known for discovering the structural and genetic basis for the specificity of
4493:
4488:
4409:
4373:
4282:
4227:
4126:
4008:
4000:
3970:
3814:
3791:
3670:
3422:
3345:
2612:
2567:
2494:
2392:
2247:
2166:
2073:
1621:
1552:
1442:
1429:
1265:
1123:
1113:
1100:
1095:
450:
396:
259:
88:
2302:
399:
in the
Department of Biochemistry by taking night courses to graduate in only four years.
8:
4459:
4222:
4214:
4167:
3928:
3875:
3857:
3698:
3601:
3316:
2827:
2814:
2705:
2599:
2520:
2368:
2334:
2289:
2260:
2229:
2143:
2119:
2060:
1872:
1841:
1595:
1447:
1308:
1303:
1288:
1072:
592:
407:
243:
200:
172:
79:
3329:
4331:
4149:
4056:
3903:
3829:
3185:
3021:
2954:
2903:
2671:
2594:
2439:
2318:
2297:
2234:
2032:
1867:
1743:
1718:
1700:
1650:
1424:
1409:
1396:
1391:
1368:
1188:
1090:
899:
707:
431:
423:
4404:
4344:
4336:
4300:
4188:
4175:
4131:
4092:
4046:
4023:
3975:
3962:
3913:
3880:
3734:
3665:
3533:
3488:
3311:
3292:
3287:
3222:
3172:
3079:
2978:
2887:
2882:
2850:
2837:
2819:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2754:
2746:
2653:
2640:
2586:
2559:
2554:
2533:
2502:
2418:
2213:
2200:
2161:
2114:
1891:
1810:
1774:
1769:
1728:
1608:
1539:
1414:
1313:
1151:
1128:
867:
699:
691:
610:
554:
4287:
4232:
4084:
4064:
4013:
3990:
3980:
3895:
3796:
3758:
3729:
3711:
3637:
3609:
3546:
3520:
3501:
3274:
3261:
3230:
2970:
2962:
2795:
2635:
2546:
2423:
2347:
2192:
2171:
2086:
2014:
1948:
1836:
1792:
1779:
1761:
1756:
1582:
1547:
1519:
1514:
1485:
1475:
1452:
1437:
1386:
1283:
1082:
974:
875:
806:
711:
681:
602:
458:
439:
427:
419:
373:
271:
4365:
4357:
4352:
4318:
4305:
4295:
4245:
4240:
4206:
4159:
4154:
4102:
4041:
4018:
3870:
3862:
3801:
3768:
3753:
3551:
3464:
3456:
3427:
3361:
3269:
3190:
2930:
2922:
2895:
2874:
2845:
2832:
2676:
2666:
2625:
2607:
2525:
2310:
2148:
2091:
2037:
1914:
1896:
1849:
1818:
1671:
1534:
1529:
1495:
1490:
1358:
1345:
1293:
1260:
1237:
1201:
958:
827:
454:
446:
411:
313:
192:
4446:
4399:
4313:
4277:
4036:
4028:
3995:
3952:
3763:
3650:
3493:
3440:
3403:
3382:
3248:
3235:
3198:
3177:
3167:
3143:
3124:
3071:
3029:
2946:
2759:
2710:
2681:
2515:
2397:
2373:
2326:
2255:
2187:
2156:
2096:
2055:
2027:
1943:
1935:
1787:
1705:
1629:
1603:
1577:
1567:
1470:
1401:
1373:
1340:
1332:
1219:
1214:
1164:
1051:
1009:
942:
891:
851:
846:
819:
787:
494:
359:, and Gorgas Memorial Laboratory, Panama. Additionally, he was a member of the
309:
212:
119:
4482:
4323:
4141:
4107:
4097:
3957:
3923:
3842:
3786:
3781:
3773:
3721:
3693:
3688:
3642:
3559:
3472:
3398:
3374:
3282:
3092:
3084:
2866:
2858:
2728:
2541:
2507:
2489:
2405:
2360:
2355:
2265:
2109:
2050:
2045:
2019:
1927:
1922:
1828:
1823:
1805:
1797:
1748:
1681:
1676:
1616:
1590:
1270:
1252:
1224:
1156:
1136:
1105:
993:
950:
883:
814:
695:
558:
415:
377:
3159:
4451:
4433:
4428:
4258:
4253:
4201:
4136:
4069:
3918:
3885:
3852:
3716:
3627:
3369:
3337:
3203:
3116:
2741:
2718:
2339:
2242:
1904:
1859:
1854:
1733:
1663:
1645:
1637:
1562:
1480:
1350:
1298:
1275:
1193:
1146:
1118:
915:
703:
669:
282:
267:
4386:
4193:
4074:
4051:
3985:
3908:
3890:
3678:
3632:
3614:
3538:
3448:
3100:
2994:
2938:
2617:
2208:
2138:
2078:
1995:
1953:
1738:
1457:
1419:
1242:
934:
4180:
3819:
3480:
3256:
3151:
3108:
2723:
2686:
1909:
1710:
1658:
1169:
305:
290:
235:
162:
100:
4514:
Columbia
University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons alumni
3243:
3013:
1363:
751:
686:
385:
44:
3051:
755:
606:
294:
239:
473:
that passports could not be denied over undisclosed information.
317:
209:
American
Association of Immunologists Lifetime Achievement Award
145:
American Association of Immunologists Lifetime Achievement Award
646:
Columbia University Department of Microbiology & Immunology
380:
at the age of 12. Graduating in three years, he started at the
547:"Elvin Kabat, 85, Microbiologist Known for Work in Immunology"
270:
chemistry of embryonic-state-specific antigens and markers of
30:
298:
327:
During his career, Kabat served on advisory panels for the
461:. Kabat was dismissed from his research position at the
274:. Additionally, he discovered the chemical basis of the
668:
Paul, William E.; Mage, Rose G. (September 21, 2000).
393:
Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons
264:
Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons
85:
Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons
384:
at the age of 15, graduating in 1932 with a major in
297:
test, and detectors for neutralizing the plant toxin
591:
Mage, Rose G.; Feizi, Ten (2004). "Elvin A. Kabat".
402:
As part of a post-doctoral fellowship funded by the
4519:
Weill Medical College of Cornell University faculty
363:'s Advisory Panel on Immunology from 1965 to 1989.
767:
4480:
3052:Mathematical, statistical, and computer sciences
434:Medical College, working there for three years.
467:US District Court for the District of Columbia
737:
132:Award in Bacteriology and Immunology (1949)
744:
730:
29:
685:
590:
345:American Foundation for Allergic Diseases
2461:
667:
218:Elvin A. Kabat was the president of the
1031:
753:United States National Medal of Science
4481:
463:Bronx Veterans Administration Hospital
99:Discovering structure and genetics of
3581:
3580:
3050:
2460:
1974:
1030:
766:
725:
544:
524:American Association of Immunologists
228:American Academy of Arts and Sciences
220:American Association of Immunologists
663:
661:
636:
634:
632:
630:
628:
626:
586:
584:
582:
580:
578:
576:
574:
514:
512:
510:
353:Roche Institute of Molecular Biology
308:. After showing that antibodies are
4509:National Medal of Science laureates
341:National Multiple Sclerosis Society
287:National Defense Research Committee
222:from 1965 to 1966, a member of the
13:
491:mindfulness-based stress reduction
14:
4550:
4504:20th-century American biochemists
658:
623:
571:
507:
4539:20th-century American physicians
484:
406:, Kabat studied new methods of
545:Saxon, Wolfgang (2000-06-22).
538:
1:
1975:
768:Behavioral and social science
500:
478:National Institutes of Health
211:in 1995. He is the father of
177:National Institutes of Health
64:North Falmouth, Massachusetts
16:American biomedical scientist
670:"Elvin A. Kabat (1914–2000)"
476:After being selected by the
357:Institute of Cancer Research
230:. He designed the eponymous
224:National Academy of Sciences
7:
4524:Columbia University faculty
337:National Science Foundation
248:immunoglobulin light chains
10:
4555:
4534:20th-century American Jews
4529:Jewish American scientists
3656:Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar
426:lab in Sweden to research
197:Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize
135:Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize
4418:
4267:
4116:
3937:
3743:
3591:
3587:
3576:
3510:
3412:
3301:
3212:
3133:
3061:
3057:
3046:
3003:
2912:
2804:
2695:
2631:William Hayward Pickering
2576:
2471:
2467:
2456:
2382:
2274:
2128:
2004:
1985:
1981:
1970:
1881:
1690:
1504:
1322:
1178:
1041:
1037:
1026:
983:
924:
836:
796:
777:
773:
762:
361:World Health Organization
329:National Research Council
205:National Medal of Science
182:
168:
158:
151:
140:National Medal of Science
125:
114:
106:
95:
71:
52:
37:
28:
21:
4080:Norman Foster Ramsey Jr.
3526:S. R. Srinivasa Varadhan
1157:Burrhus Frederic Skinner
599:National Academies Press
382:City College of New York
333:Office of Naval Research
195:. Kabat was awarded the
76:City College of New York
3391:Cathleen Synge Morawetz
1309:George Ledyard Stebbins
1230:James Augustine Shannon
520:"Elvin A. Kabat, Ph.D."
457:for supposedly being a
366:
285:, Kabat worked for the
253:
4499:American immunologists
3848:Joseph O. Hirschfelder
3835:Kenneth Sanborn Pitzer
2791:Harry George Drickamer
2737:Hans Wolfgang Liepmann
2411:M. Frederick Hawthorne
2285:John D. Baldeschwieler
1525:Daniel E. Koshland Jr.
1207:Earl W. Sutherland Jr.
404:Rockefeller Foundation
276:ABO blood group system
232:Kabat numbering scheme
226:, and a fellow of the
4439:Sylvester James Gates
3825:William Alfred Fowler
3807:Robert Rathbun Wilson
3620:Robert Burns Woodward
2432:Geraldine L. Richmond
2180:Howard E. Simmons Jr.
1463:Rosalyn Sussman Yalow
1392:Vernon B. Mountcastle
1248:Sterling B. Hendricks
1065:Marshall W. Nirenberg
1060:Theodosius Dobzhansky
908:William Julius Wilson
459:Communist sympathizer
349:New York Blood Center
322:X-ray crystallography
4410:Warren M. Washington
4374:Fay Ajzenberg-Selove
4283:Jeremiah P. Ostriker
4228:Martin Schwarzschild
4009:Solomon J. Buchsbaum
4001:J. Robert Schrieffer
3971:E. Margaret Burbidge
3815:Nicolaas Bloembergen
3792:Arie Jan Haagen-Smit
3671:Vladimir K. Zworykin
3423:John Griggs Thompson
3346:Martin David Kruskal
3186:Kurt Otto Friedrichs
2659:Erwin Wilhelm Müller
2613:Ralph Brazelton Peck
2568:Jack St. Clair Kilby
2495:John Robinson Pierce
2462:Engineering sciences
2393:Jacqueline K. Barton
2248:George M. Whitesides
2167:Dudley R. Herschbach
2105:Richard B. Bernstein
2074:Walter H. Stockmayer
1622:Elizabeth F. Neufeld
1553:G. Evelyn Hutchinson
1443:Stanley Norman Cohen
1430:Rita Levi-Montalcini
1266:Keith Roberts Porter
1129:Alfred H. Sturtevant
1124:Michael Heidelberger
1096:Fritz Albert Lipmann
594:Biographical Memoirs
451:Executive Order 9835
445:Following President
418:and Kai Pederson in
266:, Kabat studied the
260:Michael Heidelberger
258:While working under
244:Bence Jones proteins
4460:Shirley Ann Jackson
4379:Charles P. Slichter
4223:Marshall Rosenbluth
4215:Wallace S. Broecker
4168:Eugene M. Shoemaker
3929:Victor F. Weisskopf
3876:Herbert S. Gutowsky
3858:Edgar Bright Wilson
3699:George Kistiakowsky
3317:Stephen Cole Kleene
2828:George H. Heilmeier
2815:Mildred Dresselhaus
2706:Edward H. Heinemann
2636:Frederick E. Terman
2600:Richard T. Whitcomb
2521:Clarence L. Johnson
2482:Theodore von Kármán
2369:Stephen J. Benkovic
2348:Mostafa A. El-Sayed
2335:Marvin H. Caruthers
2290:Ralph F. Hirschmann
2230:Darleane C. Hoffman
2120:Harden M. McConnell
2061:Frank H. Westheimer
1873:Stanley B. Prusiner
1837:Robert J. Lefkowitz
1596:Howard Martin Temin
1453:Maurice R. Hilleman
1448:Joseph L. Goldstein
1387:Donald A. Henderson
1304:Earl Reece Stadtman
1289:Elizabeth C. Crosby
1253:Orville Alvin Vogel
1083:Donald D. Van Slyke
1032:Biological sciences
601:. pp. 98–123.
408:ultracentrifugation
201:Columbia University
189:Elvin Abraham Kabat
173:Columbia University
45:Manhattan, New York
23:Elvin Abraham Kabat
4332:G. Brent Dalrymple
4150:Arthur L. Schawlow
4057:James A. Van Allen
3948:Philip W. Anderson
3904:Richard P. Feynman
3830:Linus Carl Pauling
3465:Dennis P. Sullivan
3022:John B. Goodenough
2955:Edwin N. Lightfoot
2923:Yuan-Cheng B. Fung
2904:Kenneth N. Stevens
2672:Raymond D. Mindlin
2595:Harold E. Edgerton
2440:A. Paul Alivisatos
2319:Stephen J. Lippard
2298:Ernest R. Davidson
2235:Harold S. Johnston
2069:William S. Johnson
2033:George C. Pimentel
1868:Susan L. Lindquist
1850:Francis S. Collins
1744:Victor A. McKusick
1719:Francisco J. Ayala
1701:Nancy C. Andreasen
1651:Robert A. Weinberg
1425:Har Gobind Khorana
1410:Michael E. DeBakey
1397:George Emil Palade
1369:Wendell L. Roelofs
1359:Howard L. Bachrach
1189:Barbara McClintock
1091:Edward F. Knipling
551:The New York Times
469:'s 1955 ruling in
432:Cornell University
424:Uppsala University
293:vaccine, accurate
4476:
4475:
4472:
4471:
4468:
4467:
4405:Esther M. Conwell
4345:Robert N. Clayton
4337:Riccardo Giacconi
4301:Raymond Davis Jr.
4189:Albert Overhauser
4132:Edwin M. McMillan
4093:Arnold O. Beckman
4070:Paul Ching-Wu Chu
4047:Paul C. Lauterbur
4024:Robert Hofstadter
3976:Maurice Goldhaber
3963:Charles H. Townes
3914:Edward M. Purcell
3881:Frederick Rossini
3735:Wolfgang Panofsky
3666:John H. Van Vleck
3582:Physical sciences
3572:
3571:
3568:
3567:
3534:Solomon W. Golomb
3494:Andrew J. Viterbi
3489:Leonard Kleinrock
3436:Calyampudi R. Rao
3404:Ronald R. Coifman
3312:George F. Carrier
3293:Donald C. Spencer
3288:Saunders Mac Lane
3223:Marshall H. Stone
3173:Shiing-Shen Chern
3080:Solomon Lefschetz
3042:
3041:
3038:
3037:
2979:David J. Wineland
2947:John M. Prausnitz
2888:C. Kumar N. Patel
2883:James L. Flanagan
2851:John Roy Whinnery
2838:H. Guyford Stever
2820:Nick Holonyak Jr.
2783:George W. Housner
2778:Willis M. Hawkins
2773:Daniel C. Drucker
2755:Robert Byron Bird
2747:Bernard M. Oliver
2654:Peter C. Goldmark
2641:Wernher von Braun
2587:George E. Mueller
2560:Nathan M. Newmark
2555:J. Presper Eckert
2534:Claude E. Shannon
2503:Charles S. Draper
2452:
2451:
2448:
2447:
2419:Judith P. Klinman
2303:Gábor A. Somorjai
2214:Isabella L. Karle
2201:George S. Hammond
2162:Gertrude B. Elion
2115:Rudolph A. Marcus
1966:
1965:
1962:
1961:
1892:Ralph L. Brinster
1811:Torsten N. Wiesel
1788:Norman E. Borlaug
1775:Solomon H. Snyder
1770:J. Michael Bishop
1729:Mario R. Capecchi
1609:Salome G. Waelsch
1540:E. Donnall Thomas
1415:Theodor O. Diener
1314:Paul Alfred Weiss
1142:Bernard B. Brodie
1078:George G. Simpson
1022:
1021:
1018:
1017:
967:Michael I. Posner
868:Eleanor J. Gibson
820:George J. Stigler
788:Neal Elgar Miller
616:978-0-309-09183-1
272:white blood cells
186:
185:
153:Scientific career
41:September 1, 1914
4546:
4288:Gilbert F. White
4233:George Wetherill
4127:Allan M. Cormack
4085:Jack Steinberger
4065:D. Allan Bromley
4014:H. Richard Crane
3991:Frederick Reines
3981:Helmut Landsberg
3896:George Uhlenbeck
3797:Vladimir Haensel
3759:Allan R. Sandage
3730:Herbert C. Brown
3712:Herbert Friedman
3638:Leon M. Lederman
3610:Julian Schwinger
3589:
3588:
3578:
3577:
3547:Alexandre Chorin
3521:Richard A. Tapia
3502:David B. Mumford
3330:Alberto Calderón
3275:Joseph B. Keller
3262:Michael Freedman
3231:Herman Goldstine
3085:H. Marston Morse
3059:
3058:
3048:
3047:
2987:Rudolf E. Kálmán
2971:Robert S. Langer
2963:Jan D. Achenbach
2796:Herbert E. Grier
2547:Igor I. Sikorsky
2508:Othmar H. Ammann
2469:
2468:
2458:
2457:
2424:Jerrold Meinwald
2193:Norman Hackerman
2172:Glenn T. Seaborg
2087:William O. Baker
2015:F. Albert Cotton
1983:
1982:
1972:
1971:
1949:Mary-Claire King
1842:Bert W. O'Malley
1798:Thomas E. Starzl
1793:Phillip A. Sharp
1780:Charles Yanofsky
1762:Evelyn M. Witkin
1757:James E. Darnell
1583:Paul C. Zamecnik
1548:Mary Ellen Avery
1520:Herbert W. Boyer
1515:Baruj Benacerraf
1486:Joshua Lederberg
1476:Viktor Hamburger
1438:Michael S. Brown
1284:Robert H. Burris
1039:
1038:
1028:
1027:
975:Mortimer Mishkin
900:William K. Estes
884:Roger N. Shepard
876:Robert K. Merton
860:George A. Miller
807:Herbert A. Simon
775:
774:
764:
763:
746:
739:
732:
723:
722:
716:
715:
689:
687:10.1038/35030291
665:
656:
655:
653:
652:
638:
621:
620:
597:. Vol. 85.
588:
569:
568:
566:
565:
542:
536:
535:
533:
531:
516:
471:Boudin v. Dulles
440:Baruj Benacerraf
428:Immunoglobulin G
420:Theodor Svedberg
374:Great Depression
314:oligosaccharides
289:on developing a
59:
33:
19:
18:
4554:
4553:
4549:
4548:
4547:
4545:
4544:
4543:
4479:
4478:
4477:
4464:
4452:Sean C. Solomon
4414:
4366:Daniel Kleppner
4358:Lonnie Thompson
4353:Ralph A. Alpher
4319:W. Jason Morgan
4306:Charles Keeling
4296:Marvin L. Cohen
4263:
4246:John N. Bahcall
4241:Don L. Anderson
4207:Peter Goldreich
4160:Steven Weinberg
4112:
4042:Walter Elsasser
4019:Herman Feshbach
3933:
3871:Samuel Goudsmit
3863:Chien-Shiung Wu
3802:Frederick Seitz
3769:John A. Wheeler
3754:Robert H. Dicke
3739:
3602:Luis W. Alvarez
3583:
3564:
3552:David Blackwell
3506:
3457:Carl R. de Boor
3428:Karen Uhlenbeck
3408:
3362:Louis Nirenberg
3297:
3270:Ralph E. Gomory
3208:
3204:Donald E. Knuth
3191:Hassler Whitney
3129:
3053:
3034:
2999:
2931:Andreas Acrivos
2908:
2896:Eli Ruckenstein
2875:Hermann A. Haus
2846:Calvin F. Quate
2833:Luna B. Leopold
2800:
2691:
2677:Robert N. Noyce
2667:Emmett N. Leith
2626:Manson Benedict
2608:Rudolf Kompfner
2572:
2526:Warren K. Lewis
2463:
2444:
2378:
2340:Peter B. Dervan
2311:John I. Brauman
2270:
2222:Norman Davidson
2149:John D. Roberts
2124:
2092:Konrad E. Bloch
2038:Richard N. Zare
2000:
1977:
1958:
1915:Sallie Chisholm
1897:Rudolf Jaenisch
1877:
1860:J. Craig Venter
1819:Rita R. Colwell
1686:
1672:David Baltimore
1563:Robert W. Kates
1535:David G. Nathan
1530:Edward B. Lewis
1500:
1496:Harland G. Wood
1491:Roger W. Sperry
1346:Glenn W. Burton
1318:
1294:Arthur Kornberg
1261:Roger Guillemin
1238:Hallowell Davis
1202:Daniel I. Arnon
1194:Albert B. Sabin
1174:
1147:Detlev W. Bronk
1119:Harry F. Harlow
1114:Kenneth S. Cole
1101:William C. Rose
1073:Francis P. Rous
1033:
1014:
979:
959:Gordon H. Bower
920:
916:Robert M. Solow
832:
828:Milton Friedman
792:
769:
758:
750:
720:
719:
666:
659:
650:
648:
640:
639:
624:
617:
589:
572:
563:
561:
543:
539:
529:
527:
518:
517:
508:
503:
487:
455:James B. Sumner
447:Harry S. Truman
412:electrophoresis
369:
310:gamma globulins
256:
193:immunochemistry
175:
143:
138:
133:
83:
72:Alma mater
67:
61:
57:
48:
42:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4552:
4542:
4541:
4536:
4531:
4526:
4521:
4516:
4511:
4506:
4501:
4496:
4491:
4474:
4473:
4470:
4469:
4466:
4465:
4463:
4462:
4457:
4454:
4449:
4447:Burton Richter
4444:
4441:
4436:
4431:
4426:
4422:
4420:
4416:
4415:
4413:
4412:
4407:
4402:
4400:Yakir Aharonov
4397:
4394:
4389:
4384:
4381:
4376:
4371:
4368:
4363:
4360:
4355:
4350:
4347:
4342:
4339:
4334:
4329:
4326:
4321:
4316:
4314:Richard Garwin
4311:
4308:
4303:
4298:
4293:
4290:
4285:
4280:
4278:Willis E. Lamb
4275:
4271:
4269:
4265:
4264:
4262:
4261:
4256:
4251:
4248:
4243:
4238:
4235:
4230:
4225:
4220:
4217:
4212:
4209:
4204:
4199:
4196:
4191:
4186:
4183:
4178:
4173:
4170:
4165:
4162:
4157:
4152:
4147:
4144:
4139:
4134:
4129:
4124:
4120:
4118:
4114:
4113:
4111:
4110:
4105:
4100:
4095:
4090:
4087:
4082:
4077:
4072:
4067:
4062:
4059:
4054:
4049:
4044:
4039:
4037:Philip Abelson
4034:
4031:
4029:Chen-Ning Yang
4026:
4021:
4016:
4011:
4006:
4003:
3998:
3996:Bruno B. Rossi
3993:
3988:
3983:
3978:
3973:
3968:
3965:
3960:
3955:
3953:Yoichiro Nambu
3950:
3945:
3941:
3939:
3935:
3934:
3932:
3931:
3926:
3921:
3916:
3911:
3906:
3901:
3898:
3893:
3888:
3883:
3878:
3873:
3868:
3865:
3860:
3855:
3850:
3845:
3840:
3837:
3832:
3827:
3822:
3817:
3812:
3809:
3804:
3799:
3794:
3789:
3784:
3779:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3764:John C. Slater
3761:
3756:
3751:
3747:
3745:
3741:
3740:
3738:
3737:
3732:
3727:
3724:
3719:
3714:
3709:
3704:
3701:
3696:
3691:
3686:
3681:
3676:
3673:
3668:
3663:
3658:
3653:
3651:Jacob Bjerknes
3648:
3645:
3640:
3635:
3630:
3625:
3622:
3617:
3612:
3607:
3604:
3599:
3595:
3593:
3585:
3584:
3574:
3573:
3570:
3569:
3566:
3565:
3563:
3562:
3557:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3514:
3512:
3508:
3507:
3505:
3504:
3499:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3483:
3478:
3475:
3470:
3467:
3462:
3459:
3454:
3451:
3449:James G. Glimm
3446:
3443:
3441:Elias M. Stein
3438:
3433:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3416:
3414:
3410:
3409:
3407:
3406:
3401:
3396:
3393:
3388:
3385:
3383:Shing-Tung Yau
3380:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3364:
3359:
3356:
3351:
3348:
3343:
3340:
3335:
3332:
3327:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3309:
3305:
3303:
3299:
3298:
3296:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3264:
3259:
3254:
3251:
3249:Antoni Zygmund
3246:
3241:
3238:
3236:Isadore Singer
3233:
3228:
3225:
3220:
3216:
3214:
3210:
3209:
3207:
3206:
3201:
3199:Joseph L. Doob
3196:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3180:
3178:George Dantzig
3175:
3170:
3168:John W. Backus
3165:
3162:
3157:
3154:
3149:
3146:
3144:Richard Brauer
3141:
3137:
3135:
3131:
3130:
3128:
3127:
3125:William Feller
3122:
3119:
3114:
3111:
3106:
3103:
3098:
3095:
3090:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3074:
3072:Norbert Wiener
3069:
3065:
3063:
3055:
3054:
3044:
3043:
3040:
3039:
3036:
3035:
3033:
3032:
3030:Thomas Kailath
3027:
3024:
3019:
3016:
3011:
3007:
3005:
3001:
3000:
2998:
2997:
2992:
2989:
2984:
2981:
2976:
2973:
2968:
2965:
2960:
2957:
2952:
2949:
2944:
2941:
2936:
2933:
2928:
2925:
2920:
2916:
2914:
2910:
2909:
2907:
2906:
2901:
2898:
2893:
2890:
2885:
2880:
2877:
2872:
2869:
2864:
2861:
2856:
2853:
2848:
2843:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2808:
2806:
2802:
2801:
2799:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2785:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2767:
2762:
2760:H. Bolton Seed
2757:
2752:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2713:
2711:Donald L. Katz
2708:
2703:
2699:
2697:
2693:
2692:
2690:
2689:
2684:
2682:Earl R. Parker
2679:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2589:
2584:
2580:
2578:
2574:
2573:
2571:
2570:
2565:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2536:
2531:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2516:Hugh L. Dryden
2513:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2484:
2479:
2475:
2473:
2465:
2464:
2454:
2453:
2450:
2449:
2446:
2445:
2443:
2442:
2437:
2434:
2429:
2426:
2421:
2416:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2400:
2398:Peter J. Stang
2395:
2390:
2386:
2384:
2380:
2379:
2377:
2376:
2374:Marye Anne Fox
2371:
2366:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2350:
2345:
2342:
2337:
2332:
2329:
2327:Tobin J. Marks
2324:
2321:
2316:
2313:
2308:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2278:
2276:
2272:
2271:
2269:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2256:Stuart A. Rice
2253:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2224:
2219:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2203:
2198:
2195:
2190:
2188:Donald J. Cram
2185:
2182:
2177:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2157:Ronald Breslow
2154:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2132:
2130:
2126:
2125:
2123:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2099:
2097:Elias J. Corey
2094:
2089:
2084:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2063:
2058:
2056:Carl S. Marvel
2053:
2048:
2043:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2028:Roald Hoffmann
2025:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2008:
2006:
2002:
2001:
1999:
1998:
1993:
1989:
1987:
1979:
1978:
1968:
1967:
1964:
1963:
1960:
1959:
1957:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1944:Stanley Falkow
1941:
1938:
1936:Rakesh K. Jain
1933:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1885:
1883:
1879:
1878:
1876:
1875:
1870:
1865:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1800:
1795:
1790:
1785:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1739:Gene E. Likens
1736:
1731:
1726:
1724:George F. Bass
1721:
1716:
1713:
1708:
1706:Peter H. Raven
1703:
1698:
1694:
1692:
1688:
1687:
1685:
1684:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1653:
1648:
1643:
1640:
1635:
1632:
1630:Alexander Rich
1627:
1624:
1619:
1614:
1611:
1606:
1604:Daniel Nathans
1601:
1598:
1593:
1588:
1585:
1580:
1578:Folke K. Skoog
1575:
1570:
1568:Salvador Luria
1565:
1560:
1558:Elvin A. Kabat
1555:
1550:
1545:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1508:
1506:
1502:
1501:
1499:
1498:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1473:
1471:Katherine Esau
1468:
1465:
1460:
1458:Eric R. Kandel
1455:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1404:
1402:Joan A. Steitz
1399:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1376:
1374:Berta Scharrer
1371:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1341:Seymour Benzer
1338:
1335:
1333:Philip Handler
1330:
1326:
1324:
1320:
1319:
1317:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1255:
1250:
1245:
1240:
1235:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1220:Erwin Chargaff
1217:
1215:Britton Chance
1212:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1182:
1180:
1176:
1175:
1173:
1172:
1167:
1165:Robert Huebner
1162:
1159:
1154:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1134:
1131:
1126:
1121:
1116:
1111:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1093:
1088:
1085:
1080:
1075:
1070:
1067:
1062:
1057:
1054:
1052:C. B. van Niel
1049:
1045:
1043:
1035:
1034:
1024:
1023:
1020:
1019:
1016:
1015:
1013:
1012:
1010:Albert Bandura
1007:
1004:
1002:Robert Axelrod
999:
996:
991:
987:
985:
981:
980:
978:
977:
972:
969:
964:
961:
956:
953:
948:
945:
943:R. Duncan Luce
940:
937:
932:
928:
926:
922:
921:
919:
918:
913:
910:
905:
902:
897:
894:
892:Paul Samuelson
889:
886:
881:
878:
873:
870:
865:
862:
857:
854:
852:Patrick Suppes
849:
847:Leonid Hurwicz
844:
840:
838:
834:
833:
831:
830:
825:
822:
817:
812:
809:
804:
800:
798:
794:
793:
791:
790:
785:
781:
779:
771:
770:
760:
759:
749:
748:
741:
734:
726:
718:
717:
657:
622:
615:
607:10.17226/11172
570:
537:
505:
504:
502:
499:
495:Jon Kabat-Zinn
486:
483:
368:
365:
255:
252:
234:for numbering
213:Jon Kabat-Zinn
184:
183:
180:
179:
170:
166:
165:
160:
156:
155:
149:
148:
127:
123:
122:
120:Jon Kabat-Zinn
116:
112:
111:
108:
104:
103:
97:
96:Known for
93:
92:
73:
69:
68:
62:
60:(aged 85)
54:
50:
49:
43:
39:
35:
34:
26:
25:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4551:
4540:
4537:
4535:
4532:
4530:
4527:
4525:
4522:
4520:
4517:
4515:
4512:
4510:
4507:
4505:
4502:
4500:
4497:
4495:
4492:
4490:
4487:
4486:
4484:
4461:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4450:
4448:
4445:
4442:
4440:
4437:
4435:
4432:
4430:
4427:
4424:
4423:
4421:
4417:
4411:
4408:
4406:
4403:
4401:
4398:
4395:
4393:
4392:James E. Gunn
4390:
4388:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4377:
4375:
4372:
4369:
4367:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4348:
4346:
4343:
4340:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4330:
4327:
4325:
4324:Edward Witten
4322:
4320:
4317:
4315:
4312:
4309:
4307:
4304:
4302:
4299:
4297:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4284:
4281:
4279:
4276:
4273:
4272:
4270:
4266:
4260:
4257:
4255:
4252:
4249:
4247:
4244:
4242:
4239:
4236:
4234:
4231:
4229:
4226:
4224:
4221:
4218:
4216:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4205:
4203:
4200:
4197:
4195:
4192:
4190:
4187:
4184:
4182:
4179:
4177:
4174:
4171:
4169:
4166:
4163:
4161:
4158:
4156:
4153:
4151:
4148:
4145:
4143:
4142:Roger Revelle
4140:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4128:
4125:
4122:
4121:
4119:
4115:
4109:
4108:Henry Stommel
4106:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4098:Eugene Parker
4096:
4094:
4091:
4088:
4086:
4083:
4081:
4078:
4076:
4073:
4071:
4068:
4066:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4055:
4053:
4050:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4040:
4038:
4035:
4032:
4030:
4027:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4004:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3994:
3992:
3989:
3987:
3984:
3982:
3979:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3966:
3964:
3961:
3959:
3958:Edward Teller
3956:
3954:
3951:
3949:
3946:
3943:
3942:
3940:
3936:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3924:Lyman Spitzer
3922:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3902:
3899:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3869:
3866:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3846:
3844:
3843:Hans A. Bethe
3841:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3787:Maurice Ewing
3785:
3783:
3782:Carl Djerassi
3780:
3777:
3775:
3774:Saul Winstein
3772:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3752:
3749:
3748:
3746:
3742:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3722:Eugene Wigner
3720:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3707:Paul Bartlett
3705:
3702:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3694:Louis Hammett
3692:
3690:
3689:Gregory Breit
3687:
3685:
3684:Francis Birch
3682:
3680:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3669:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3643:William Rubey
3641:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3597:
3596:
3594:
3590:
3586:
3579:
3575:
3561:
3560:Michael Artin
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3516:
3515:
3513:
3509:
3503:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3473:Bradley Efron
3471:
3468:
3466:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3418:
3417:
3415:
3411:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3399:Felix Browder
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3375:Stephen Smale
3373:
3371:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3322:John McCarthy
3320:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3307:
3306:
3304:
3300:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3283:Samuel Karlin
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3218:
3217:
3215:
3211:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3139:
3138:
3136:
3132:
3126:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3093:Oscar Zariski
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3067:
3066:
3064:
3060:
3056:
3049:
3045:
3031:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3009:
3008:
3006:
3002:
2996:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2918:
2917:
2915:
2911:
2905:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2867:Ray W. Clough
2865:
2862:
2860:
2859:Alfred Y. Cho
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2810:
2809:
2807:
2803:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2729:John G. Trump
2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2701:
2700:
2698:
2694:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2582:
2581:
2579:
2575:
2569:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2542:Edwin H. Land
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2490:Vannevar Bush
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2477:
2476:
2474:
2470:
2466:
2459:
2455:
2441:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2406:Allen J. Bard
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2388:
2387:
2385:
2381:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2361:JoAnne Stubbe
2359:
2357:
2356:Joanna Fowler
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2280:
2279:
2277:
2273:
2267:
2266:Susan Solomon
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2134:
2133:
2131:
2127:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2110:Melvin Calvin
2108:
2106:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2051:Yuan Tseh Lee
2049:
2047:
2046:Harry B. Gray
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2020:Gilbert Stork
2018:
2016:
2013:
2010:
2009:
2007:
2003:
1997:
1994:
1991:
1990:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1973:
1969:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1928:Bruce Alberts
1926:
1924:
1923:May Berenbaum
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1887:
1886:
1884:
1880:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1829:Lubert Stryer
1827:
1825:
1824:Nina Fedoroff
1822:
1820:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1806:Anthony Fauci
1804:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1749:Harold Varmus
1747:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1696:
1695:
1693:
1689:
1683:
1682:Lynn Margulis
1680:
1678:
1677:Jared Diamond
1675:
1673:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1617:Thomas Eisner
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1591:Maxine Singer
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1573:Paul A. Marks
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1510:
1509:
1507:
1503:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1382:Stanley Cohen
1380:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1328:
1327:
1325:
1321:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1271:Efraim Racker
1269:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1244:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1225:James V. Neel
1223:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1184:
1183:
1181:
1177:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1160:
1158:
1155:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1137:Horace Barker
1135:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1106:Sewall Wright
1104:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1076:
1074:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1047:
1046:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1029:
1025:
1011:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1000:
997:
995:
994:Anne Treisman
992:
989:
988:
986:
982:
976:
973:
970:
968:
965:
962:
960:
957:
954:
952:
951:Kenneth Arrow
949:
946:
944:
941:
938:
936:
933:
930:
929:
927:
923:
917:
914:
911:
909:
906:
903:
901:
898:
895:
893:
890:
887:
885:
882:
879:
877:
874:
871:
869:
866:
863:
861:
858:
855:
853:
850:
848:
845:
842:
841:
839:
835:
829:
826:
823:
821:
818:
816:
815:Anne Anastasi
813:
810:
808:
805:
802:
801:
799:
795:
789:
786:
783:
782:
780:
776:
772:
765:
761:
757:
754:
747:
742:
740:
735:
733:
728:
727:
724:
713:
709:
705:
701:
697:
693:
688:
683:
680:(6802): 316.
679:
675:
671:
664:
662:
647:
643:
637:
635:
633:
631:
629:
627:
618:
612:
608:
604:
600:
596:
595:
587:
585:
583:
581:
579:
577:
575:
560:
556:
552:
548:
541:
526:
525:
521:
515:
513:
511:
506:
498:
496:
492:
485:Personal life
482:
479:
474:
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
443:
441:
435:
433:
429:
425:
421:
417:
416:Arne Tiselius
413:
409:
405:
400:
398:
394:
389:
387:
383:
379:
378:New York City
375:
364:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
325:
323:
319:
315:
311:
307:
302:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
279:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
251:
249:
245:
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:
221:
216:
214:
210:
207:in 1991, and
206:
202:
198:
194:
190:
181:
178:
174:
171:
167:
164:
161:
157:
154:
150:
146:
141:
136:
131:
128:
124:
121:
118:3; including
117:
113:
110:Sally Lennick
109:
105:
102:
98:
94:
90:
86:
81:
77:
74:
70:
65:
56:June 16, 2000
55:
51:
46:
40:
36:
32:
27:
20:
4434:Sandra Faber
4429:Sidney Drell
4259:Leo Kadanoff
4254:James Cronin
4202:Hans Dehmelt
4137:Robert Pound
4103:Robert Sharp
3919:John Sinfelt
3886:Verner Suomi
3853:Lewis Sarett
3717:Lars Onsager
3661:Henry Eyring
3628:John Bardeen
3370:Richard Karp
3338:Allen Newell
3117:Jerzy Neyman
2742:Tung-Yen Lin
2719:Bill Hewlett
2649:Morris Cohen
2243:John W. Cahn
2144:Karl Folkers
1905:Lucy Shapiro
1855:Elaine Fuchs
1734:Ann Graybiel
1664:Janet Rowley
1646:James Watson
1638:Ruth Patrick
1557:
1481:Philip Leder
1351:Mildred Cohn
1299:Severo Ochoa
1276:E. O. Wilson
677:
673:
649:. Retrieved
645:
593:
562:. Retrieved
550:
540:
528:. Retrieved
522:
488:
475:
470:
444:
436:
401:
390:
370:
326:
303:
283:World War II
280:
268:carbohydrate
257:
238:residues in
217:
188:
187:
169:Institutions
152:
58:(2000-06-16)
4494:2000 deaths
4489:1914 births
4387:Berni Alder
4194:Frank Press
4075:Walter Kohn
4052:George Pake
3986:Walter Munk
3909:Herman Mark
3891:Henry Taube
3679:Jesse Beams
3633:Peter Debye
3615:Harold Urey
3539:Barry Mazur
3101:John Milnor
2995:Amnon Yariv
2939:Leo Beranek
2765:Ernst Weber
2618:Abel Wolman
2209:Thomas Cech
2139:Elkan Blout
2079:Max Tishler
1996:Roger Adams
1954:Simon Levin
1420:Harry Eagle
1243:Paul Gyorgy
935:Gary Becker
530:January 13,
388:at age 18.
4483:Categories
4181:Vera Rubin
3820:Paul Flory
3481:Hyman Bass
3354:John Cocke
3257:Raoul Bott
3160:Kurt Gödel
3152:John Tukey
3109:Paul Cohen
2724:George Low
2687:Simon Ramo
1910:Leroy Hood
1711:Carl Woese
1659:Bruce Ames
1170:Ernst Mayr
651:2023-01-14
564:2023-01-14
501:References
414:alongside
312:, he used
306:antibodies
291:meningitis
240:antibodies
236:amino acid
163:Immunology
101:antibodies
4176:Val Fitch
3244:Peter Lax
3014:Shu Chien
2261:John Ross
1976:Chemistry
1364:Paul Berg
756:laureates
696:1476-4687
559:0362-4331
386:chemistry
203:in 1977,
130:Eli Lilly
4155:Ed Stone
1152:Jay Lush
704:11014176
493:(MBSR),
449:'s 1947
295:syphilis
115:Children
712:4348562
318:dextran
281:During
262:at the
142:(1991)
137:(1977)
710:
702:
694:
674:Nature
613:
557:
159:Fields
147:(1995)
126:Awards
107:Spouse
66:, U.S.
47:, U.S.
4419:2010s
4268:2000s
4117:1990s
3938:1980s
3744:1970s
3592:1960s
3511:2010s
3413:2000s
3302:1990s
3213:1980s
3134:1970s
3062:1960s
3004:2010s
2913:2000s
2805:1990s
2696:1980s
2577:1970s
2472:1960s
2383:2010s
2275:2000s
2129:1990s
2005:1980s
1986:1960s
1882:2010s
1691:2000s
1505:1990s
1323:1980s
1179:1970s
1042:1960s
984:2010s
925:2000s
837:1990s
797:1980s
778:1960s
708:S2CID
397:Ph.D.
299:ricin
199:from
4456:2014
4443:2012
4425:2011
4396:2009
4383:2008
4370:2007
4362:2006
4349:2005
4341:2004
4328:2003
4310:2002
4292:2001
4274:2000
4250:1999
4237:1998
4219:1997
4211:1996
4198:1995
4185:1994
4172:1993
4164:1992
4146:1991
4123:1990
4089:1989
4061:1988
4033:1987
4005:1986
3967:1983
3944:1982
3900:1979
3867:1976
3839:1975
3811:1974
3778:1973
3750:1970
3726:1969
3703:1968
3675:1967
3647:1966
3624:1965
3606:1964
3598:1963
3556:2013
3543:2012
3530:2011
3517:2010
3498:2009
3485:2007
3477:2006
3469:2005
3461:2004
3453:2003
3445:2002
3432:2001
3419:2000
3395:1999
3387:1998
3379:1997
3366:1996
3358:1995
3350:1994
3342:1993
3334:1992
3326:1991
3308:1990
3279:1989
3266:1988
3253:1987
3240:1986
3227:1983
3219:1982
3195:1979
3182:1976
3164:1975
3156:1974
3148:1973
3140:1970
3121:1969
3113:1968
3105:1967
3097:1966
3089:1965
3076:1964
3068:1963
3026:2012
3018:2011
3010:2010
2991:2009
2983:2008
2975:2007
2967:2006
2959:2005
2951:2004
2943:2003
2935:2002
2927:2001
2919:2000
2900:1999
2892:1998
2879:1996
2871:1995
2863:1994
2855:1993
2842:1992
2824:1991
2811:1990
2787:1989
2769:1988
2751:1987
2733:1986
2715:1983
2702:1982
2663:1979
2645:1976
2622:1975
2604:1974
2591:1973
2583:1970
2564:1969
2551:1968
2538:1967
2530:1966
2512:1965
2499:1964
2486:1963
2478:1962
2436:2014
2428:2013
2415:2012
2402:2011
2389:2010
2365:2009
2352:2008
2344:2007
2331:2006
2323:2005
2315:2004
2307:2002
2294:2001
2281:2000
2252:1999
2239:1998
2226:1997
2218:1996
2205:1995
2197:1994
2184:1993
2176:1992
2153:1991
2135:1990
2101:1989
2083:1988
2065:1987
2042:1986
2024:1983
2011:1982
1992:1964
1940:2014
1932:2013
1919:2012
1901:2011
1888:2010
1864:2009
1846:2008
1833:2007
1815:2006
1802:2005
1784:2004
1766:2003
1753:2002
1715:2001
1697:2000
1668:1999
1655:1998
1642:1997
1634:1996
1626:1995
1613:1994
1600:1993
1587:1992
1544:1991
1511:1990
1467:1989
1434:1988
1406:1987
1378:1986
1355:1983
1337:1982
1329:1981
1280:1979
1257:1976
1234:1975
1211:1974
1198:1973
1185:1970
1161:1969
1133:1968
1110:1967
1087:1966
1069:1965
1056:1964
1048:1963
1006:2015
998:2014
990:2011
971:2009
963:2008
955:2005
947:2004
939:2003
931:2000
912:1999
904:1998
896:1997
888:1996
880:1995
872:1994
864:1992
856:1991
843:1990
824:1988
811:1987
803:1986
784:1964
700:PMID
692:ISSN
611:ISBN
555:ISSN
532:2023
410:and
367:Life
254:Work
246:and
53:Died
38:Born
682:doi
678:407
603:doi
422:'s
89:PhD
4485::
706:.
698:.
690:.
676:.
672:.
660:^
644:.
625:^
609:.
573:^
553:.
549:.
509:^
442:.
355:,
351:,
347:,
343:,
339:,
335:,
331:,
324:.
301:.
278:.
250:.
215:.
82:)
80:BS
745:e
738:t
731:v
714:.
684::
654:.
619:.
605::
567:.
534:.
91:)
87:(
78:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
