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ear. Reducing elephant jokes to a mere front for racial aggression, it seems to me, not only misses the larger sense of what the jokes are about, but the larger sense of what was going on in the society at the time." and continuing: "Elephant joking is more than a description of the episodic career of an animal with a phallic nose. What engenders the humor in such jokes is the violation of categories of expectation, and not images of subjugation, degradation, or feminization of the elephant."
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not any object satisfying the condition of being "red all over" would necessarily preclude said object from also satisfying the requirement of being "black and white". However, if instead "read" is assumed, then there is no implied mutual exclusivity preventing a solution, conventionally a newspaper, from satisfying both required conditions. Compare the traditional riddle, which is solved by a well-known item that can be reasonably determined from the riddle, with the elephant joke parody:
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footprints in the butter that would allow for the detection of an elephant in one's bathtub or refrigerator. One key to the construction of an elephant joke is that the joke answers are somewhat appropriate if one merely overlooks the obvious absurdities inherent to the questions. If elephants were capable of climbing trees and if painting an elephant's toenails was an effective camouflage mechanism, then red
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They state that the "big and grey and comes in quarts" is in fact a reference "to the supposed mammoth nature of black sexuality." Similarly, the joke about an elephant in the bathtub is argued to be a reference to the increased intrusion of black people into "the most intimate areas of white life."
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Oring strongly disagrees with this view, writing: "The Civil Rights movement, of course, was an integral part of the countercultural revolution. But there is no reason to view it as the single force conditioning the joke cycle. Much more than the relations between the races was being turned on its
806:
is attempting to sneak an elephant unseen through a circus. Upon coming around a tent and being faced with a crowd of people and a policeman who demands "Where do you think you are you going with that elephant?" Durante backs against the elephant, arms wide, and asks, innocently, "What elephant?"
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Charles Gruner agrees with Oring that
Abrahams' and Dundes' explanation (that "the elephant is an ambivalent father figure" that is, in reality, "the black man (perceived as a sexual threat) that stands hidden behind the image of the elephant") is an "explanation from Freudian Monsterland holds no
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Traditionally the challenge of solving this riddle relies on recognizing the ambiguity stemming from the riddle being generally shared aloud as opposed to in writing. Thus the appropriate homophone, "red" or "read", must be inferred. If "red" is assumed, then the problem arises regarding whether or
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Elephant jokes rely upon absurdity and incongruity for their humor, and a contrast with the normal presumptions of knowledge about elephants. They rely upon absurdist reasoning such as that it would be the relatively incidental evidence regarding the smell of an elephant's breath or the presence of
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Elephant jokes thus not only deliberately undermine the conventions of riddles, they even act to undermine themselves. This even extends to undermining the implied premise, expected by those that are familiar with elephant jokes, that an elephant joke is automatically illogical, or even involves
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The absurdity of the first riddle's answer subverts the audience's initial expectations. The second and third riddles reinforce the expectation for this logically absurd structure. The final riddle concludes by again absurdly subverting the audience's expected framework. The humor for independent
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The absurdity of an elephant wearing a nun costume makes it nearly impossible for anyone not familiar with the punchline to independently think of the parody answer. Ignoring how unlikely one is to ever encounter an elephant dressed as a nun, then the answer is somewhat appropriate. A nun costume
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elephant jokes relies on absurd answers that ignore expectations, yet have a certain appropriateness. Here the absurdity is compounded when the appropriateness of the final riddle's answer is dependent upon undermining the logically absurd structure built from the preceding riddles.
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be time to build a new fence. The appropriateness of the answer, when accounting for the absurd incongruences existing between the implied premise of the question and the normal assumptions said question invokes, distinguishes elephant jokes as jokes rather than nonsensical riddles.
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were in vogue in 1963, and were reported in the US national press. While Tom
Swifties were marketed to literate adults and gradually fell out of fashion over subsequent decades, elephant jokes have lasted among younger audiences, circulating through generations of schoolchildren.
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was of the opinion that these jokes are "favorites of youngsters and of unsophisticated adults". However, he finds one joke uncharacteristically sophisticated enough to include in his book of favorite jokes. The joke was told in the aftermath of the murder of
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Elephant jokes can also use their inherent absurdity to point up the inherent absurdity in some current events. One such joke from the early 1960s refers to an incident in
President Kennedy's on-again-off-again support for Cuban exiles' attempts to overthrow
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be the appropriate color for a cherry tree. If the common connotation that questions requesting the time are expected to be answered in terms of hours and minutes is ignored, then by the implied destruction of one's fence from being sat on by an elephant, it
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A series of elephant jokes can be constructed. Linking the appropriateness of each subsequent answer to the logically absurd structure of the preceding joke, the overall absurdity of a series can continuously compound. For example:
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titled "Elephant Jokes". They were recorded in mid-1962 in Texas and gradually spread across the US, reaching
California in early 1963. By July 1963, elephant jokes were ubiquitous and could be found in newspaper columns, and in
795:
Gruner however disagrees with Oring about the chronological topicality of the elephant joke and its relation to social upheavals, arguing from personal experience of "one of the best motion picture sight gags in history", where
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notes that elephant jokes dismiss conventional questions and answers, repudiate established wisdom, and reject the authority of traditional knowledge. He draws a parallel between this and the
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spawned in comic writers the idea of "hiding the elephant by all sorts of ridiculous means," and thus, by extension to "other silly, stupid comparisons", the whole genre of elephant jokes.
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cause an elephant to be, somewhat, "red all over". Humor arises from the irony of ignoring the expected answer for the outlandish, yet appropriate, elephant answer.
694:: Sit outside and scream like an orange. (In the early days of the park, surplus oranges were used to tempt Addo elephants to viewing sites for tourists.)
762:. Whilst blatantly racialist jokes became less acceptable, elephant jokes were a useful proxy. One example Abrahams and Dundes provide is the joke:
97:. Elephant jokes were a fad in the 1960s, with many people constructing large numbers of them according to a set formula. Sometimes they involve
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and noting that "erhaps it was no accident that many of the elephant jokes emphasized the intrusion of sex into the most innocuous areas."
313:" parable is a joke about four blind elephants who feel a human. The first reports that humans are flat, and the other three agree.
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Elephant jokes are seen by many commentators as symbolic of the culture of the United States and the United
Kingdom in the 1960s.
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One short example involves a displacement of a concept from one animal's features to those of an elephant, in terms of function:
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This joke relies upon being spoken rather than being read, "two whales" being a homophone (or near homophone) of "to
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Thomas
Jackson Rice (1996). "The (Tom) Swiftean Culture of "Scylla and Charybdis"". In R. Brandon Kershner (ed.).
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375:: Paint him red, hold his trunk shut until he turns blue, and then shoot him with the blue elephant gun.
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magazines, with millions of people working to construct more jokes according to the same formula.
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Ed Cray and
Marilyn Eisenberg Herzog (January 1967). "The Absurd Elephant: A Recent Riddle Fad".
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Isaac Asimov's
Treasury of Humor: A Lifetime Collection of Favorite Jokes, Anecdotes, and...
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224:: What did the Dallas chief of police say when the elephant walked into the police station?
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363:: Hold his trunk shut until he turns blue, and then shoot him with the blue elephant gun.
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Elephant jokes are often parodies of conventional children's riddles. Consider the
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616:: Because if it were small, white and smooth it would be an aspirin.
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527:: How do you know there are three elephants in your refrigerator?
217:, who had walked into Dallas police headquarters carrying a gun:
667:: What did Jane say to Tarzan when she saw the elephants coming?
539:: How do you know there are four elephants in your refrigerator?
441:: Don't be silly; there isn't room for five elephants in a Mini.
1281:. Harmondsworth, England: Puffin Books. pp. 52, 122, 169.
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655:: What did Tarzan say to Jane when he saw the elephants coming?
515:: How do you know there are two elephants in your refrigerator?
129:: How can you tell that an elephant is in the bathtub with you?
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628:: Because if they were big and grey they would be elephants.
593:: What has eight legs, two trunks, four eyes, and two tails?
503:: How do you know there is an elephant in your refrigerator?
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or conundrum and often a sequence of such, that involves an
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The Game of Humor: A Comprehensive Theory of Why We Laugh
102:
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act Mike
Elephant is remembered for the following joke:
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Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
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Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
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consider elephant jokes to be convenient disguises for
643:: What's the difference between an elephant and a plum?
293:: An elephant dressed as a nun suffering from sunburn.
1337:(July 1964). "Have You Heard the Elephant (Joke)?".
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Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback
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1303:Barrick M.E. (1964). "The Shaggy Elephant Riddle".
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835: – Classification based on observable evidence
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1217:Slave in a Box: The Strange Career of Aunt Jemima
1068:. University Press of Florida. pp. 116–117.
710:: How do you get 2,000 elephants to invade Cuba?
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1391:Tristram Potter Coffin and Hennig Cohen (1973).
1011:. University Press of Kentucky. pp. 16–28.
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823: – Parable illustrating ontologic reasoning
521:: You can hear giggling when you close the door.
1212:"Cracking Jokes in the Confederate Supermarket"
557:: What do elephants have that nothing else has?
302:likely be both "black and white" and a sunburn
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115:: Why did the elephant paint its toenails red?
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1097:. Wayne State University Press. p. 205.
1007:Elliott Oring (1992). "To Skin an Elephant".
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673:: "Here come the plums." She was color-blind.
435:: How can you fit five elephants into a Mini?
1370:(1969). "On elephantasy and elephanticide".
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1252:. Transaction Publishers. pp. 142–143.
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581:: What is brown, has four legs, and a trunk?
143:: Why does an elephant have round flat feet?
610:: Why is an elephant big, grey and wrinkly?
569:: What is gray, has four legs, and a trunk?
316:
287:: What is black and white and red all over?
269:: What is black and white and red all over?
1125:. University of Illinois. pp. 23–24.
739:was the purpose of both," pointing to the
447:: Well, can you fit five elephants into a
429:: Four: Two in the front, two in the back.
1393:Folklore from the Working Folk of America
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1220:. University of Virginia Press. pp.
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807:Gunder proposes that the success of this
471:: How many giraffes will fit into a Mini?
260:following commonly recited child's riddle
69:Learn how and when to remove this message
16:Type of absurd joke involving an elephant
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135:: By the smell of peanuts on its breath.
32:This article includes a list of general
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545:: There's an empty Mini parked outside.
351:: Have you ever seen a yellow elephant?
149:: So that it can walk across lily pads.
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603:There can even be an off-color tinge:
483:: How do you get two whales in a Mini?
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622:: Why are golf balls small and white?
509:: There are footprints in the butter.
419:: How many elephants will fit into a
369:: How do you shoot a purple elephant?
345:: How do you shoot a yellow elephant?
844: – Humor that alludes to itself
769:: What is big and grey and comes in
587:: A mouse coming back from vacation.
157:: Why don't elephants use computers?
121:: So it could hide in a cherry tree.
18:
1148:"Frame-Shifting in Humor and Irony"
329:: How do you shoot a blue elephant?
13:
1395:. Anchor Press. pp. 164–165.
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402:: Why do elephants have flat feet?
357:: How do you shoot a red elephant?
38:it lacks sufficient corresponding
14:
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1051:"1960 L.M. Becker Elephant Jokes"
971:Houghton Mifflin Books. pp.
1277:Bronnie Cunningham, ed. (1974).
853: – riddle joke or conundrum
748:On elephantasy and elephanticide
550:elephants at all. For example:
477:: None. It's full of elephants.
204:Prolific science fiction writer
108:Examples of elephant jokes are:
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1196:The Elephant Shrew and Company
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688:elephants out of your bedroom?
390:: Why do ducks have flat feet?
253:
163:: They're afraid of the mouse!
1:
1146:Ritchie, David (2005-10-01).
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408:: To stamp out burning ducks.
396:: To stamp out burning fires.
1325:. 1963-08-02. Archived from
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661:: "Here come the elephants."
575:: A mouse going on vacation.
234:
230:: Nothing! He didn't notice.
172:In 1960, L. M. Becker Co of
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1305:Southern Folklore Quarterly
1210:Maurice M. Manring (1998).
1095:The Helen Keller Joke Cycle
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733:counterculture of the 1960s
716:: Promise them air support!
684:: How do you get a herd of
533:: You can't close the door.
10:
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1248:Charles R. Gruner (1997).
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1372:The Psychoanalytic Review
1164:10.1207/s15327868ms2004_3
1066:Joyce and Popular Culture
1009:Jokes and Their Relations
821:Blind men and an elephant
311:Blind men and an elephant
1317:"Elephants by the Trunk"
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317:Series of elephant jokes
196:Both elephant jokes and
1410:Elephant hunting theory
1089:Mac E. Barrick (1997).
176:, released a set of 50
53:more precise citations.
1366:Roger D. Abrahams and
1193:Anna Rothmann (1964).
1121:Elliott Oring (2003).
677:Some may be regional:
461:(British English for "
1440:1960s fads and trends
1329:on December 22, 2008.
760:civil rights movement
1279:The Puffin Joke Book
827:Elephant in the room
412:In another example:
309:A turnabout to the "
1335:Jan Harold Brunvand
1152:Metaphor and Symbol
174:Appleton, Wisconsin
89:, almost always an
803:Billy Rose's Jumbo
800:in the 1962 movie
1402:978-0-385-03874-4
1288:978-0-14-030663-7
1259:978-0-7658-0659-8
1231:978-0-8139-1811-2
1199:. Tafelberg-Uitg.
1132:978-0-252-02786-4
1104:978-0-8143-2597-1
1075:978-0-8130-1396-1
1033:"Elephant's Fear"
1018:978-0-8131-1774-4
982:978-0-395-57226-9
884:wine–whine merger
741:sexual revolution
563:: Baby elephants.
449:Volkswagen Beetle
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962:"Shaggy Dog"
957:Isaac Asimov
922:(1): 27–36.
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1435:Joke cycles
1368:Alan Dundes
254:As a riddle
51:introducing
1419:Categories
861:References
87:joke cycle
34:references
1425:Elephants
1172:1092-6488
842:Meta-joke
809:sight gag
723:Symbolism
634:Gong Show
632:One time
235:Structure
215:Jack Ruby
190:Seventeen
1180:52202687
959:(1991).
894:Specific
882:". (See
815:See also
792:water."
99:parodies
95:elephant
1430:Riddles
1384:5817876
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1271:General
1093:(ed.).
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1355:JSTOR
1176:S2CID
973:59–61
932:JSTOR
880:Wales
866:Notes
463:trunk
304:would
300:would
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686:Addo
459:boot
421:Mini
187:and
184:Time
103:puns
1347:doi
1222:4–5
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465:").
213:by
101:or
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