4139:
4215:
790:
882:
109:
1098:
4115:
1086:
3771:
2479:
2537:
129:
1667:
2557:
1590:
12433:
149:
1773:
2193:
1186:
100:
9254:
the past decade, according to the analysis. At this time last year, BNEF reported an average price of $ 156 per kwhâitself a 13% decrease from 2018. Battery-pack prices of less than $ 100 per kwh were also reported for the first time, albeit only for electric buses in China, according to BNEF. The $ 100-per-kwh threshold is often touted by analysts as the point where electric vehicles will achieve true affordability. Batteries also achieved $ 100 per kwh on a per-cell basis, while packs actually came in at $ 126 per kwh on a volume-weighted average, BNEF noted.
2080:
472:
169:
2528:
2350:
4257:
120:
12866:
4563:
12439:
4273:
3690:
697:
160:
4577:
3858:
3847:
2243:
3026:
2548:
4024:
1226:
4458:
970:
2962:
2902:
12328:
3617:
4535:
3631:
1741:, in which the motors are used as brakes and become generators that transform the motion of, usually, a train into electrical power that is then fed back into the lines. This system is particularly advantageous in mountainous operations, as descending vehicles can produce a large portion of the power required for those ascending. This regenerative system is only viable if the system is large enough to use the power generated by descending vehicles.
12318:
1599:
4549:
4521:
2860:. TRL lists overhead power as the most technologically mature solution which provides the highest levels of power, but the technology is unsuitable for non-commercial vehicles. Ground-level power is suitable for all vehicles, with rail being a mature solution with high transfer of power and easily accessible and inspected elements. Inductive charging delivers the least power and requires more roadside equipment than the alternatives.
1944:
1726:
9898:
4385:
140:
47:
1204:
4175:) and other mined metals (copper, nickel, iron) are used by EV motors, while lithium, cobalt, manganese are used by the batteries. In 2023 the US State Department said that the supply of lithium would need to increase 42-fold by 2050 globally to support a transition to clean energy. Most of the lithium-ion battery production occurs in
9335:
expensive. But now, improvements in battery technology are paying off, bringing down both size and cost. The number of hybrid-electric and electric trucks is set to grow almost 25 percent annually, from 1 percent of the market in 2017 to 7 percent in 2027, a jump from about 40,000 electric trucks worldwide this year to 371,000.
3838:
pollution tend to be amongst the poorest in
Britain." A 2019 UK study found that "households in the poorest areas emit the least NOx and PM, whilst the least poor areas emitted the highest, per km, vehicle emissions per household through having higher vehicle ownership, owning more diesel vehicles and driving further."
1902:. A hybrid-electric produces lower tailpipe emissions than a comparably sized gasoline car since the hybrid's gasoline engine is usually smaller than that of a gasoline-powered vehicle. If the engine is not used to drive the car directly, it can be geared to run at maximum efficiency, further improving fuel economy.
3944:
solar power, and nuclear power. Thus, when "well-to-wheels" is cited, the discussion is no longer about the vehicle, but rather about the entire energy supply infrastructure – in the case of fossil fuels this should also include energy spent on exploration, mining, refining, and distribution.
961:, which was conducted in the midst of a severe observable climate change brought on by human-made greenhouse gas emissions, was held in 2009. During the summit, more than 70 countries developed plans to eventually reach net zero. For many countries, adopting more EVs will help reduce the use of gasoline.
4495:
Some concepts see battery exchanges and battery charging stations, much like gas/petrol stations today. These will require enormous storage and charging potentials, which could be manipulated to vary the rate of charging, and to output power during shortage periods, much as diesel generators are used
4448:
With the increase in number of electric vehicles, it is necessary to create an appropriate number of charging stations to supply the increasing demand, and a proper management system that coordinates the charging turn of each vehicle to avoid having some charging stations overloaded with vehicles and
4318:
Electric trucks reduce noise and pollution, relative to internal-combustion trucks. Due to the high efficiency and low component-counts of electric power trains, no fuel burning while idle, and silent and efficient acceleration, the costs of owning and operating electric trucks are dramatically lower
3781:
In 2022, the manufacturing of an EV emitted on average around 50% more CO2 than an equivalent internal combustion engine vehicle, but this difference is more than offset by the much higher emissions from the oil used in driving an internal combustion engine
Vehicle over its lifetime compared to those
2504:
If almost all road vehicles were electric it would increase global demand for electricity by up to 25% by 2050 compared to 2020. However, overall energy consumption and emissions would diminish because of the higher efficiency of EVs over the entire cycle, and the reduction in energy needed to refine
2459:
vehicle efficiency and pollution standards take years to filter through a nation's fleet of vehicles. New efficiency and pollution standards rely on the purchase of new vehicles, often as the current vehicles already on the road reach their end-of-life. Only a few nations set a retirement age for old
1653:
were used in some electric cars, such as those made by
General Motors. These battery types are considered outdated due to their tendencies to self-discharge in the heat. Furthermore, a patent for this type of battery was held by Chevron, which created a problem for their widespread development. These
9307:
Electric vehicles, delivery drones and rules on when delivery trucks can operate are some solutions proposed in a new report. The report provides 24 recommendations for policymakers and the private sector, including mandating that delivery vehicles are electric. The report notes that if policymakers
4333:
has been the trucking segment least amenable to electrification, since the increased weight of batteries, relative to fuel, detracts from payload capacity, and the alternative, more frequent recharging, detracts from delivery time. By contrast, short-haul urban delivery has been electrified rapidly,
4130:
A European survey based on climate found that as of 2022, 39% of
European citizens tend to prefer hybrid vehicles, 33% prefer petrol or diesel vehicles, followed by electric cars which were preferred by 28% of Europeans. 44% Chinese car buyers are the most likely to buy an electric car, while 38% of
3943:
Well-to-wheel efficiency of an EV has less to do with the vehicle itself and more to do with the method of electricity production. A particular EV would instantly become twice as efficient if electricity production were switched from fossil fuels to renewable energy, such as wind power, tidal power,
3837:
A 2003 study in the United
Kingdom found that "ollution is most concentrated in areas where young children and their parents are more likely to live and least concentrated in areas to which the elderly tend to migrate," and that "those communities that are most polluted and which also emit the least
3746:
of lithium technology, there are diverse stakeholders representing corporate interests, public interest groups and political elites that are concerned with outcomes from the technology production and use. One possibility to achieve balanced extractive processes would be the establishment of commonly
2452:
EVs are much more efficient than fossil fuel vehicles and have few direct emissions. At the same time, they do rely on electrical energy that is generally provided by a combination of non-fossil fuel plants and fossil fuel plants. Consequently, EVs can be made less polluting overall by modifying the
9791:
Intermittency from solar or wind technologies can put creating voltage and frequency variations. Batteries can charge and discharge to stabilise the grid in such instances. The batteries of electric vehicles, e-buses or electric two-wheelers, while connected to the grid, could therefore play a role
9253:
Electric-car battery-pack prices have fallen 13% in 2020, in some cases reaching a crucial milestone for affordability, according to an annual report released
Wednesday by Bloomberg New Energy Finance. Average prices have dropped from $ 1,100 per kilowatt-hour to $ 137 per kwh, decrease of 89% over
4439:
General Motors (GM) is adding a capability called V2H, or bidirectional charging, to allow its new electric vehicles to send power from their batteries to the owner's home. GM will start with 2024 models, including the
Silverado and Blazer EVs, and promises to continue the feature through to model
4134:
In a 2023 survey concentrated specifically on electric car ownership in the US, 50% of respondents planning to purchase a future car considered themselves unlikely to seriously consider buying an EV. The survey also found that support for banning the production of non-electric vehicles in the US by
2876:
Technical
Standard 50717, has been approved in late 2022. Following standards, encompassing "full interoperability" and a "unified and interoperable solution" for ground-level power supply, are scheduled to be published by the end 2024, detailing complete "specifications for communication and power
1683:
The power of a vehicle's electric motor, as in other machines, is measured in kilowatts (kW). Electric motors can deliver their maximum torque over a wide RPM range. This means that the performance of a vehicle with a 100 kW electric motor exceeds that of a vehicle with a 100 kW internal
738:
Progress in batteries, electric motors and power electronics have made electric cars more feasible than during the 20th century. As a means of reducing tailpipe emissions of carbon dioxide and other pollutants, and to reduce use of fossil fuels, government incentives are available in many areas to
2682:
commonly known as the "onboard charger" (OBC). At an AC charging station, AC power from the grid is supplied to this onboard charger, which converts it into DC power to recharge the battery. DC chargers provide higher power charging (which requires much larger AC-to-DC converters) by building the
4238:
energy. The development of new cell types combined with intelligent cell management improved both weak points mentioned above. The cell management involves not only monitoring the health of the cells but also a redundant cell configuration (one more cell than needed). With sophisticated switched
4046:
Research shows people prefer trams to buses, because they are quieter and more comfortable and perceived as having higher status. Therefore, it may be possible to cut liquid fossil fuel consumption in cities through the use of electric trams. Trams may be the most energy-efficient form of public
3877:
systems that have the ability to convert movement energy back into stored electricity. This can be used to reduce the wear on brake systems (and consequent brake pad dust) and reduce the total energy requirement of a trip. Regenerative braking is especially effective for start-and-stop city use.
9334:
Replacing fleets of medium- and heavy-duty trucks can help cut greenhouse gas emissions and make cities quieter and cleaner. Because trucks need so much hauling power, they have eluded electrification until recently; a battery that could pull significant weight would itself be too hefty and too
9280:
All major delivery companies are starting to replace their gas-powered fleets with electric or low-emission vehicles, a switch that companies say will boost their bottom lines, while also fighting climate change and urban pollution. UPS has placed an order for 10,000 electric delivery vehicles.
4014:
system, capable of cooling the cabin during summer and heating it during winter, is an efficient way of heating and cooling EVs. For vehicles which are connected to the grid, battery EVs can be preheated, or cooled, with little or no need for battery energy, especially for short trips. Most new
2486:
An electric-vehicle battery (EVB) in addition to the traction battery specialty systems used for industrial (or recreational) vehicles, are batteries used to power the propulsion system of a battery electric vehicle (BEVs). These batteries are usually a secondary (rechargeable) battery, and are
1657:
The prices of lithium-ion batteries have declined dramatically over the past decade, contributing to a reduction in price for electric vehicles, but an increase in the price of critical minerals such as lithium from 2021 to the end of 2022 has put pressure on historical battery price decreases.
4202:
Advances in lithium-ion batteries, driven at first by the personal-use electronics industry, allow full-sized, highway-capable EVs to travel nearly as far on a single charge as conventional cars go on a single tank of gasoline. Lithium batteries have been made safe, can be recharged in minutes
4211:). The production cost of these lighter, higher-capacity lithium-ion batteries is gradually decreasing as the technology matures and production volumes increase. Research is also underway to improve battery reuse and recycling, which would further reduce the environmental impact of batteries.
4098:
Many governments offer incentives to promote the use of electric vehicles, with the goals of reducing air pollution and oil consumption. Some incentives intend to increase purchases of electric vehicles by offsetting the purchase price with a grant. Other incentives include lower tax rates or
906:
required a greater range than that offered by electric cars, and the discovery of large reserves of petroleum in Texas, Oklahoma, and
California led to the wide availability of affordable gasoline/petrol, making internal combustion powered cars cheaper to operate over long distances. Electric
3936:' efficiency is about a factor of three higher than internal combustion engine vehicles. Energy is not consumed while the vehicle is stationary, unlike internal combustion engines which consume fuel while idling. In 2022, EVs enabled a net reduction of about 80 Mt of GHG emissions, on a
1867:
or better performance. There is a variety of HEV types and the degree to which each functions as an electric vehicle (EV) also varies. The most common form of HEV is the hybrid electric car, although hybrid electric trucks (pickups and tractors), buses, boats, and aircraft also exist.
9718:
Beyond grid stabilisation benefits, smart charging of EVs, using differentiated electricity tariffs in off-peak hours, may also mitigate the pressure on electricity demand. That's because vehicles can be charged during the day, when demand is lower and renewables generation is
5480:
Armand, Michel; Axmann, Peter; Bresser, Dominic; Copley, Mark; Edström, Kristina; Ekberg, Christian; Guyomard, Dominique; Lestriez, Bernard; Novåk, Petr; Petranikova, Martina; Porcher, Willy; Trabesinger, Sigita; Wohlfahrt-Mehrens, Margret; Zhang, Heng (15 December 2020).
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than internal combustion engines. While this is a desirable attribute, it has also evoked concern that the absence of the usual sounds of an approaching vehicle poses a danger to blind, elderly and very young pedestrians. To mitigate this situation, many countries mandate
3738:
Since their first commercial release in 1991, lithium-ion batteries have become an important technology for achieving low-carbon transportation systems. Information regarding the sustainability of production process of batteries has become a politically charged topic.
4090:
The IEA suggests that taxing inefficient internal combustion engine vehicles could encourage adoption of EVs, with taxes raised being used to fund subsidies for EVs. Government procurement is sometimes used to encourage national EV manufacturers. Many countries will
3000:
electric power train, such as hybrid and fully-electric vehicles, are as safe as combustion-powered cars. The EU and Japan have already indicated that they intend to incorporate the new UNECE Regulation in their respective rules on technical standards for vehicles.
815:
at that time, electric cars did not gain much popularity; however, electric trains gained immense popularity due to their economies and achievable speeds. By the 20th century, electric rail transport became commonplace due to advances in the development of
785:
built an electric locomotive that attained a speed of four miles per hour (6 km/h). In
England, a patent was granted in 1840 for the use of rails as conductors of electric current, and similar American patents were issued to Lilley and Colten in 1847.
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converter into the charging station instead of the vehicle to avoid size and weight restrictions. The station then directly supplies DC power to the vehicle, bypassing the onboard converter. Most modern electric car models can accept both AC and DC power.
3766:
needed for electric cars will be from recycled sources by 2035. On the other hand, when counting the large quantities of fossil fuel non-electric cars consume over their lifetime, electric cars can be considered to dramatically reduce raw-material needs.
4950:
See Loeb, A.P., "Steam versus Electric versus Internal Combustion: Choosing the Vehicle Technology at the Start of the Automotive Age," Transportation Research Record, Journal of the Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, No. 1885, at
4481:(V2G) connection has the potential to reduce the need for new power plants, as long as vehicle owners do not mind reducing the life of their batteries, by being drained by the power company during peak demand. Electric vehicle parking lots can provide
901:
Most producers of passenger cars opted for gasoline cars in the first decade of the 20th century, but electric trucks were an established niche well into the 1920s. A number of developments contributed to a decline in the popularity of electric cars.
9731:
Shafie-khah, Miadreza; Heydarian-Forushani, Ehsan; Osorio, Gerardo J.; Gil, Fabio A. S.; Aghaei, Jamshid; Barani, Mostafa; Catalao, Joao P. S. (November 2016). "Optimal Behavior of Electric Vehicle Parking Lots as Demand Response Aggregation Agents".
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recommended adopting a European electric road standard formulated with Sweden, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Spain, Poland, and others. The first standard for electrical equipment on-board a vehicle powered by a rail electric road system (ERS),
996:
Chrysler, Ford, GM, Honda, and Toyota also produced limited numbers of EVs for California drivers during this time period. In 2003, upon the expiration of GM's EV1 leases, GM discontinued them. The discontinuation has variously been attributed to:
1138:, or any combination of those. Recent advancements in battery technology and charging infrastructure have addressed many of the earlier barriers to EV adoption, making electric vehicles a more viable option for a wider range of consumers.
8063:
9281:
Amazon is buying 100,000 from the start-up Rivian. DHL says zero-emission vehicles make up a fifth of its fleet, with more to come. And FedEx just pledged to replace 100% of its pickup and delivery fleet with battery-powered vehicles.
6873:
4476:
by feeding electricity into the grid from their batteries during periods of high demand and low supply (such as just after sunset) while doing most of their charging at night or midday, when there is unused generating capacity. This
3711:
The carbon emissions from producing and operating an EV are in the majority of cases less than those of producing and operating a conventional vehicle. EVs in urban areas almost always pollute less than internal combustion vehicles.
3966:
European carmakers face significant pressure from more affordable Chinese models and price cuts by US-based Tesla Motor. From 2021 to 2022, the European market share of Chinese EV manufacturers doubled to almost 9%, prompting the
4334:
since the clean and quiet nature of electric trucks fit well with urban planning and municipal regulation, and the capacities of reasonably sized batteries are well-suited to daily stop-and-go traffic within a metropolitan area.
7054:
Choi, Yun Seok; Kim, Seok; Choi, Soo Seok; Han, Ji Sung; Kim, Jan Dee; Jeon, Sang Eun; Jung, Bok Hwan (30 November 2004). "Electrochimica Acta : Effect of cathode component on the energy density of lithiumâsulfur battery".
1593:
Battery prices fell, given economies of scale and new cell chemistries improving energy density. However, general inflationary pressures, and rising costs of raw materials and components, inhibited price declines in the early
3997:
In 2022, the sales-weighted average range of small BEVs sold in the United States was nearly 350 km, while in France, Germany and the United Kingdom it was just under 300 km, compared to under 220 km in China.
2490:
Traction batteries, specifically designed with a high ampere-hour capacity, are used in forklifts, electric golf carts, riding floor scrubbers, electric motorcycles, electric cars, trucks, vans, and other electric vehicles.
9466:
7654:
Schöggl, Josef-Peter; Fritz, Morgane M.C.; Baumgartner, Rupert J. (September 2016). "Toward supply chain-wide sustainability assessment: a conceptual framework and an aggregation method to assess supply chain performance".
4504:
The infrastructure for vehicle repairs after accidents is a concern for insurers and mechanics due to safety requirements. Batteries and other components must be carefully evaluated rather than being totally written off by
9121:
2004:
A range-extended electric vehicle (REEV) is a vehicle powered by an electric motor and a plug-in battery. An auxiliary combustion engine is used only to supplement battery charging and not as the primary source of power.
1052:
delivery vans into the market. Honda, Nissan and Toyota also repossessed and crushed most of their EVs, which, like the GM EV1s, had been available only by closed-end lease. After public protests, Toyota sold 200 of its
9625:
Fernandez PallarĂ©s, Victor; Cebollada, Juan Carlos Guerri; MartĂnez, Alicia Roca (2019). "Interoperability network model for traffic forecast and full electric vehicles power supply management within the smart city".
4340:, electric trucks hold a noticeable share of the new truck market; in 2020, among trucks produced and sold domestically (which are the vast majority of new trucks sold in the country), 7.6% were all-electric vehicles.
3793:
almost eliminate the climate benefits of passing to EV in this company, because even electric SUVs have a high carbon footprint as they consume much raw materials and energy during construction. Greenpeace proposes a
2948:
with only minimal expansion/contraction during charge/discharge and a very high surface area, and rely on lower cost materials than Lithium-ion, Leading to Cheaper batteries that do not require critical minerals.
3993:
Electric vehicles may have shorter range compared to vehicles with internal combustion engines, which is why the electrification of long-distance transport, such as long-distance shipping, remains challenging.
7119:
4369:
plans to replace all its remaining diesel-electric trains with hydrogen trains by 2035. In the United Kingdom, Alstom announced in 2018 their plan to retrofit British Rail Class 321 trainsets with fuel cells.
1918:
where the vehicle can be powered by the engine working alone, the electric motor on its own, or by both working together; this is designed so that the engine can run at its optimum range as often as possible.
6926:
Proposal for a REGULATION OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL on the deployment of alternative fuels infrastructure, and repealing Directive 2014/94/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council
5207:
4183:. A study of hundreds of cars on sale in 2021 concluded that the life cycle GHG emissions of full electric cars are slightly less than hybrids and that both are less than gasoline and diesel fuelled cars.
4138:
1580:
can be improved compared to hybrids by avoiding unnecessary energy conversions. Furthermore, electro-chemical batteries conversions are reversible, allowing electrical energy to be stored in chemical form.
907:
vehicles were seldom marketed as a women's luxury car, which may have been a stigma among male consumers. Also, internal combustion powered cars became ever-easier to operate thanks to the invention of the
3750:
The compliance of these standards can be assessed by the Assessment of Sustainability in Supply Chains Frameworks (ASSC). Hereby, the qualitative assessment consists of examining governance and social and
2685:
Charging stations provide connectors that conform to a variety of international standards. DC charging stations are commonly equipped with multiple connectors to charge various vehicles that use competing
9406:
8440:
5264:
Notter, Dominic A.; Kouravelou, Katerina; Karachalios, Theodoros; Daletou, Maria K.; Haberland, Nara Tudela (3 July 2015). "Life cycle assessment of PEM FC applications: electric mobility and Ό-CHP".
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4365:
trainsets, in service since 2018, with France also planning to order trainsets. The United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Denmark, Norway, Italy, Canada and Mexico are equally interested. In France, the
5358:
3881:
They can be finely controlled and provide high torque from stationary-to-moving, unlike internal combustion engines, and do not need multiple gears to match power curves. This removes the need for
6213:
5907:
8055:
1532:
These systems are powered from an external generator plant (nearly always when stationary), and then disconnected before motion occurs, and the electricity is stored in the vehicle until needed.
9839:, David Andrews, Senior Technical Consultant, Biwater Energy, A talk originally given by as the Energy Manager at Wessex Water at an Open University Conference on Intermittency, 24 January 2006
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9554:
8948:
3785:
In 2023, Greenpeace issued a video criticizing the view that EVs are "silver bullet for climate", arguing that the construction phase has a high environmental impact. For example, the rise in
1359:
On-board rechargeable electricity storage system (RESS) and a direct continuous connection to land-based generation plants for purposes of on-highway recharging with unrestricted highway range
804:
Automobile Company entered the automotive business with electric vehicles, though it also entered the gasoline vehicles market in 1904. However, with the advent of cheap assembly line cars by
4214:
8093:
6863:
2936:
are being worked on to achieve the energy density of lithium-ion batteries, offering almost unlimited lifespans and no environmental issues. High-K electric double-layer capacitors, such as
2234:
to run electric motor-driven propellers. Fully electric tugboats are being used in Auckland, New Zealand (June 2022), Vancouver, British Columbia (October 2023), and San Diego, California.
9436:
9103:
9496:
5164:
874:, and others, and at one point in history outsold gasoline-powered vehicles. In 1900, 28 percent of the cars on the road in the US were electric. EVs were so popular that even President
9580:
Barbecho Bautista, Pablo; Lemus CĂĄrdenas, Leticia; Urquiza Aguiar, Luis; Aguilar Igartua, MĂłnica (2019). "A traffic-aware electric vehicle charging management system for smart cities".
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Increasing the battery's lifespan decreases effective costs and environmental impact. One technique is to operate a subset of the battery cells at a time and switching these subsets.
9376:
1737:
Most large electric transport systems are powered by stationary sources of electricity that are directly connected to the vehicles through wires. Electric traction allows the use of
1914:
only use the electric motor to drive the wheels and can often be referred to as extended-range electric vehicles (EREVs) or range-extended electric vehicles (REEVs). There are also
9458:
8123:
3947:
The lifecycle analysis of EVs shows that even when powered by the most carbon-intensive electricity in Europe, they emit less greenhouse gases than a conventional diesel vehicle.
4010:
cabins can heat the vehicle using the body heat of the passengers. This is not enough, however, in colder climates as a driver delivers only about 100 W of heating power. A
6997:
1760:. This allows for almost no rolling resistance of the vehicle and no mechanical wear and tear of the train or track. In addition to the high-performance control systems needed,
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1910:
that connects the engine and the electric motor to the wheels through mechanical coupling. In this scenario, the electric motor and the engine can drive the wheels directly.
8379:
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Efficiency of charging varies considerably depending on the type of charger, and energy is lost during the process of converting the electrical energy to mechanical energy.
5447:
3727:
vehicles, such as e-bikes, may contribute to the decarbonisation of transport systems, especially outside of urban areas which are already well-served by public transport.
2206:
were popular around the turn of the 20th century. Interest in quiet and potentially renewable marine transportation has steadily increased since the late 20th century, as
6318:
5710:
2996:) has adopted the first international regulation (Regulation 100) on safety of both fully electric and hybrid electric cars, with the intent of ensuring that cars with a
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to monopolize the sale of equipment and supplies to their subsidiary companies, but was acquitted of conspiring to monopolize the provision of transportation services.
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7873:
Mitchell G, Dorling D. An Environmental Justice Analysis of British Air Quality. Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space. 2003;35(5):909â929. doi:10.1068/a35240
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capacity of battery packs for trucks fell from $ 500 in 2013 to $ 200 in 2019, and still further to $ 137 in 2020, with some vehicles under $ 100 for the first time.
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4164:
The full environmental impact of electric vehicles includes the life cycle impacts of carbon and sulfur emissions, as well as toxic metals entering the environment.
6244:
3742:
Business processes of raw material extraction in practice raise issues of transparency and accountability of the management of extractive resources. In the complex
2556:
1906:
There are different ways that a hybrid electric vehicle can combine the power from an electric motor and the internal combustion engine. The most common type is a
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in 1912, which eliminated the need of a hand crank for starting a gasoline engine, and the noise emitted by ICE cars became more bearable thanks to the use of the
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9661:
Liasi, Sahand Ghaseminejad; Golkar, Masoud Aliakbar (2017). "Electric vehicles connection to microgrid effects on peak demand with and without demand response".
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8172:
7419:"A global comparison of the life-cycle greenhouse gas emissions of combustion engine and electric passenger cars | International Council on Clean Transportation"
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National Grid's use of Emergency. Diesel Standby Generator's in dealing with grid intermittency and variability. Potential Contribution in assisting renewables
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2723:
2283:. The power sources used for spacecraft are batteries, solar panels and nuclear power. Current methods of propelling a spacecraft with electricity include the
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Richardson, D.B. (March 2013). "Electric vehicles and the electric grid: A review of modeling approaches, Impacts, and renewable energy integration".
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8629:"Long-term trends of impacts of global gasoline and diesel emissions on ambient PM 2.5 and O 3 pollution and the related health burden for 2000â2015"
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transportation, with rubber-wheeled vehicles using two-thirds more energy than the equivalent tram, and run on electricity rather than fossil fuels.
1764:
and curving of the tracks becomes difficult with linear motors, which to date has restricted their operations to high-speed point to point services.
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built the first crude but viable electric motor; the next year he used it to power a small model car. In 1835, Professor Sibrandus Stratingh of the
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commitment. Indicators for the quantitative assessment are management systems and standards, compliance and social and environmental indicators.
9428:
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985:
In January 1990, General Motors President introduced its EV concept two-seater, the "Impact", at the Los Angeles Auto Show. That September, the
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year 2026. This could be helpful to the owner during unexpected power grid outages because an electric vehicle is a giant battery on wheels.
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such as metal-air fuel cells cannot always be recharged in a purely electric way, so some form of mechanical recharge may be used instead. A
2527:
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usually only derive their energy from a single or a few sources, usually non-renewable fossil fuels. A key advantage of electric vehicles is
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of electric vehicles. Level 2 charging can add up to 30 miles of range per hour of charging compared to up to 4 miles of range per hour for
950:
purchased many electric tram networks across the country to dismantle them and replace them with GM buses. The partnership was convicted of
11489:
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Lu, L.; Han, X.; Li, J.; Hua, J.; Ouyang, M. (2013). "A review on the key issues for lithium-ion battery management in electric vehicles".
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Many companies and researchers are also working on newer battery technologies, including solid state batteries and alternate technologies.
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and his secret service agents toured Washington, D.C., in their Milburn Electrics, which covered 60â70 miles (100â110 km) per charge.
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when EVs are moving slowly, up to a speed when normal motion and rotation (road, suspension, electric motor, etc.) noises become audible.
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The global stock of both plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) and battery electric vehicles (BEVs) has grown steadily since the 2010s.
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A pure-electric vehicle or all-electric vehicle is powered exclusively through electric motors. The electricity may come from a battery (
718:
433:, where electric motors are used as a supplementary propulsion to internal combustion engines, became more widespread in the late 1990s.
9040:
Martinez-Laserna, E.; Gandiaga, I.; Sarasketa-Zabala, E.; Badeda, J.; Stroe, D. -I.; Swierczynski, M.; Goikoetxea, A. (1 October 2018).
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of an EV varies wildly depending on location and distance travelled per year: in parts of the world where fossil fuels are subsidized,
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6474:"Rimac Nevera EV Sets 23 World Speed Records: Zero to 400 kilometers per hour and back again in under 30 seconds was just one of them"
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2218:. Electric motors can and have also been used in sailboats instead of traditional diesel engines. Electric ferries operate routinely.
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8019:
5231:"Evolving preferences in sustainable transportation: a comparative analysis of consumer segments for electric vehicles across Europe"
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are used, and then AC or DC may be employed. In recent production vehicles, various motor types have been implemented; for instance,
108:
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The same survey showing that if the respondents had to change cars, Chinese respondents are more likely to opt for an electric one.
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published in 2021 a request for regulation and standardization of electric road systems. Shortly afterward, a working group of the
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Fastest acceleration of an electric car, 0 to 100 km/h in 1.461 seconds by university students at the University of Stuttgart.
8362:
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Notter, Dominic A.; Gauch, Marcel; Widmer, Rolf; WÀger, Patrick; Stamp, Anna; Zah, Rainer; Althaus, Hans-Jörg (1 September 2010).
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On-board rechargeable electricity storage system and a fueled propulsion power source (internal combustion engine): plug-in hybrid
923:
had invented in 1897. As roads were improved outside urban areas, electric vehicle range could not compete with the ICE. Finally,
10950:
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Xiong, Ying; Partha, Debatosh; Prime, Noah; Smith, Steven J; Mariscal, Noribeth; Salah, Halima; Huang, Yaoxian (1 October 2022).
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5114:
1038:
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8751:"Global metal flows in the renewable energy transition: Exploring the effects of substitutes, technological mix and development"
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Instead of recharging EVs from electric sockets, batteries could be mechanically replaced at special stations in a few minutes (
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2940:'s EESU, could improve lithium ion energy density several times over if they can be produced. Lithium-sulphur batteries offer
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Since the beginnings of aviation, electric power for aircraft has received a great deal of experimentation. Currently, flying
1890:, which either recharges the vehicle's batteries or directly powers its electric drive motors; this combination is known as a
11130:
11109:
11102:
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Nick Carey; Josie Kao and Louise Heavens. (5 July 2023). "EV batteries remain major challenge for insurers â UK's Thatcham".
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6967:"PD CLC/TS 50717 Technical Requirements for Current Collectors for ground-level feeding system on road vehicles in operation"
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4492:. This variability could be addressed by adjusting the speed at which EV batteries are charged, or possibly even discharged.
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Current electricity infrastructure may need to cope with increasing shares of variable-output power sources such as wind and
8829:
8527:"2021â2022 EIB Climate Survey, part 2 of 3: Shopping for a new car? Most Europeans say they will opt for hybrid or electric"
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Survey results showing that for American and European respondents, price is the main barrier to buying an electric vehicle.
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in the twenty-first century has broadened the range of applicability of electric propulsion to trucks in many more roles.
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One limitation of the environmental potential of EVs is that simply switching the existing privately owned car fleet from
2125:
Since electric trains do not need to carry a heavy internal combustion engine or large batteries, they can have very good
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8255:
7996:
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6236:
2714:, is difficult to recharge electrically so may be "refueled" by periodically replacing the anode or electrolyte instead.
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862:(ICEs), electric automobiles held many vehicle land speed and distance records in the early 1900s. They were produced by
17:
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Hyundai Porter/Porter II Electric: 9037. Kia Bongo EV: 5357. Domestically produced trucks sold in the country: 188222.
8056:"2020 European total cost of ownership for electric vehicles vs internal combustion engine vehicles | Nickel Institute"
5462:
4320:
4121:, electric supercar, since 2013. 0 to 100 km/h in 2.8 seconds, with a total output of 800 kW (1,073 hp).
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electric motor. However, it is possible to "unroll" the motor to drive directly against a special matched track. These
9804:
8164:
7924:
7116:"EUROPA Press Releases â Car safety: European Commission welcomes international agreement on electric and hybrid cars"
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Americans would opt for a hybrid car, 33% would prefer petrol or diesel, while only 29% would go for an electric car.
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Buberger, Johannes; Kersten, Anton; Kuder, Manuel; Eckerle, Richard; Weyh, Thomas; Thiringer, Torbjörn (1 May 2022).
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4161:, EVs could prevent hundreds of thousands of early deaths every year, especially from trucks and traffic in cities.
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source of electricity. In some areas, persons can ask utilities to provide their electricity from renewable energy.
1654:
factors, coupled with their high cost, has led to lithium-ion batteries leading as the predominant battery for EVs.
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indicates that electric cars hit pedestrians at twice the rate of petrol or diesel vehicles due to being quieter.
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Choma, Ernani F.; Evans, John S.; Hammitt, James K.; Gómez-Ibåñez, José A.; Spengler, John D. (1 November 2020).
6446:
6319:"The little (electric) engine that could: The Port of San Diego unveils the nation's first all-electric tug boat"
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or tram) have the potential for large gains in efficiency in terms of an individual's distance traveled per kWh.
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are forms of rechargeable on-board electricity storage systems. By avoiding an intermediate mechanical step, the
1569:
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748:
434:
4114:
1643:. Li-ion batteries should be used within safe temperature and voltage ranges to operate safely and efficiently.
1122:-powered vehicles in that the electricity they consume can be generated from a wide range of sources, including
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propulsion as it provides a level of quietness, comfort and ease of operation that could not be achieved by the
13182:
12004:
11447:
11251:
7361:"Life cycle air quality impacts of conventional and alternative light-duty transportation in the United States"
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over the full range of speeds and power output and can be precisely controlled. They can also be combined with
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1636:
1065:
1045:, and the general public, and each of their roles in limiting the deployment and adoption of this technology.
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Cybulski, Ronald J.; Shellhammer, Daniel M.; Lovell, Robert R.; Domino, Edward J.; Kotnik, Joseph T. (1965).
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1955:
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for about 100 years, but electricity-powered locomotion remained commonplace in other vehicle types, such as
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4420:
437:, where electric motors can be used as the predominant propulsion rather than a supplement, did not see any
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10058:
7885:"Emissions vs exposure: Increasing injustice from road traffic-related air pollution in the United Kingdom"
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4204:
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A few experimental vehicles, such as some cars and a handful of aircraft use solar panels for electricity.
1002:
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built a toy electric locomotive, powered by a primitive electric motor, in 1835. In 1838, a Scotsman named
642:
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than most other practical batteries. Complicating factors include safety, durability, thermal breakdown,
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Another improvement is to decouple the electric motor from the battery through electronic control, using
4085:
3940:
basis, and the net GHG benefit of EVs will increase over time as the electricity sector is decarbonised.
3648:
1979:
1974:
packs drives or contributes to drive the wheels. PEV is a subcategory of electric vehicles that includes
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9861:
Nick Carey. (27 June 2023). "UK firm Metis touts battery sensor that could ease EV scrappage problem".
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1987:
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There are many ways to generate electricity, of varying costs, efficiency and ecological desirability.
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mandated major-automaker sales of EVs, in phases starting in 1998. From 1996 to 1998 GM produced 1117
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Garcia, Erika; Johnston, Jill; McConnell, Rob; Palinkas, Lawrence; Eckel, Sandrah P. (1 April 2023).
6533:"Tesla Model 3 Breaks World EV Distance Record â 2,781 km (1,728 mi) Travelled in 24 Hours"
6027:
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3909:
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Solar-powered EV is fastest EV to go over 1,000 km without stopping to recharge, the Sunswift 7.
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combustion engine, which can only deliver its maximum torque within a limited range of engine speed.
1505:
1381:
1287:
680:
7948:
6902:, Regeringskansliet (Government Offices of Sweden), 1 September 2021, pp. 69â87, archived from
5885:
897:, modified to take electric power; it had a range of about 50 miles (80 km) on one charge, 1973
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9088:"Ion Storage Systems Says Its Ceramic Electrolyte Could Be a Gamechanger for Solid-State Batteries"
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1975:
1928:
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a federal regulation requiring GM to produce and maintain spare parts for the few thousand EV1s and
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30:
This article is about all types of electric transportation vehicles. For electric automobiles, see
7730:
6999:
Final draft: Standardization request to CEN-CENELEC on 'Alternative fuels infrastructure' (AFI II)
5856:"Electric Driveline Technology â PVI, leader de la traction Ă©lectrique pour vĂ©hicules industriels"
3920:
Electricity can be produced from a variety of sources; therefore, it gives the greatest degree of
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7227:"California's early transition to electric vehicles: Observed health and air quality co-benefits"
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1983:
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in the mines. Switzerland's lack of natural fossil resources forced the rapid electrification of
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128:
72:
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6489:"Rimac Nevera electric hypercar sets 23 records in single day, including fastest 0â249 mph time"
5579:
Adany, Ron (June 2013). "Switching algorithms for extending battery life in Electric Vehicles".
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care about sustainability, they may want to impose aggressive new electric vehicle regulations.
8433:"As India revs up its grand electric vehicles plan, Tata and Mahindra are in the driver's seat"
8086:"Electric cars already cheapest option today for many consumers, new study finds | www.beuc.eu"
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uses two overhead wires to provide electric current supply and return to the power source, 2005
3705:
3599:
3408:
3393:
3341:
3202:
3122:
2652:
2620:, also known as a charge point, chargepoint, or electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE), is a
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It is also possible to have hybrid EVs that derive electricity from multiple sources, such as:
1146:
1026:
1006:
844:
832:. For most of the 20th century, the UK was the world's largest user of electric road vehicles.
800:
The first mass-produced electric vehicles appeared in America in the early 1900s. In 1902, the
587:
380:
229:
10301:
8330:
7450:"Assessing the health impacts of electric vehicles through air pollution in the United States"
6602:
3904:
Electric motors do not require oxygen, unlike internal combustion engines; this is useful for
3730:
Internal combustion engined vehicles use far more raw materials over their lifetime than EVs.
2428:
design vary according to the size, power and proposed application, which can be as small as a
1015:
the success of the oil and auto industries' media campaign to reduce public acceptance of EVs.
213:
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637:
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463:
423:, as well as various small, low-speed, short-range battery-powered personal vehicles such as
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and other emissions of electric vehicles vary depending on the fuel and technology used for
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6294:"Electrifying Debut: HaiSea Wamis completes its 1st tanker escort with full electric power"
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5312:
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4808:"The role of energy infrastructure in shaping early adoption of electric and gasoline cars"
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Sales of passenger electric vehicles (EVs) indicate a trend away from gas-powered vehicles.
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Horn, Michael; MacLeod, Jennifer; Liu, Meinan; Webb, Jeremy; Motta, Nunzio (March 2019).
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8116:"Trends and developments in electric vehicle markets â Global EV Outlook 2021 â Analysis"
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6920:
5409:"Understanding electrochemical potentials of cathode materials in rechargeable batteries"
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9489:"SNCF : Pépy envisage la fin des trains diesel et l'arrivée de l'hydrogÚne en 2035"
9459:"SNCF : Pépy envisage la fin des trains diesel et l'arrivée de l'hydrogÚne en 2035"
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8278:"Trams, energy saving, private cars, trolley buses, diesel buses | Claverton Group"
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Regulating Electric Road Systems in Europe â How can a deployment of ERS be facilitated?
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The fixed nature of a rail line makes it relatively easy to power EVs through permanent
835:
Electrified trains were used for coal transport, as the motors did not use the valuable
99:
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9101:"Tesla researchers show path to next-gen battery cell with breakthrough energy density"
9069:
9042:"Battery second life: Hype, hope or reality? A critical review of the state of the art"
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7605:
Agusdinata, Datu Buyung; Liu, Wenjuan; Eakin, Hallie; Romero, Hugo (27 November 2018).
7395:
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7182:
7154:
5676:"Chevron and EVs â GM, Chevron and CARB killed the sole NiMH EV once, will do so again"
5518:
4843:
4716:
4657:
Air Pollution from Motor Vehicles: Standards and Technologies for Controlling Emissions
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4424:
4186:
An alternative method of sourcing essential battery materials being deliberated by the
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has led to environmental degradation and pollution in developing countries such as the
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EVs were among the earliest automobiles, and before the preeminence of light, powerful
805:
341:
321:
218:
8864:"Total CO2-equivalent life-cycle emissions from commercially available passenger cars"
7607:"Socio-environmental impacts of lithium mineral extraction: towards a research agenda"
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1898:
by shutting down the engine at idle and restarting it when needed; this is known as a
931:
in 1913 reduced significantly the cost of gasoline cars as compared to electric cars.
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7528:
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7302:"Valuation of plug-in vehicle life cycle air emissions and oil displacement benefits"
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2142:
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1484:
1426:
1325:
1214:
1118:, led to renewed interest in electric transportation infrastructure. EVs differ from
920:
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383:
hindered any mass adoption of private electric vehicles throughout the 20th century.
355:
Early electric vehicles first came into existence in the late 19th century, when the
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8583:
The EIB Climate Survey: Government action, personal choices and the green transition
7251:
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6776:
New and Future Developments in Catalysis: Batteries, Hydrogen Storage and Fuel Cells
6629:"Believe it or not, this electric plane is set to break 7 world records in one trip"
4720:
4304:
1787:
It is generally possible to equip any kind of vehicle with an electric power-train.
828:, ambulances, tow tractors, and urban delivery vehicles, such as the iconic British
312:, with electricity from extravehicular sources, or can be powered autonomously by a
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9188:"Electric trucking offers fleets ergonomic efficiency potential | Automotive World"
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7164:
7143:"Re-examining rates of lithium-ion battery technology improvement and cost decline"
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5827:
5646:"Alternative Fuels Data Center: Batteries for Hybrid and Plug-In Electric Vehicles"
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5420:
5389:
5320:
5301:"Contribution of Li-Ion Batteries to the Environmental Impact of Electric Vehicles"
5273:
5238:
5191:
4878:
4827:
4702:
4698:
4412:
4158:
4103:
3886:
3460:
3289:
3274:
3235:
3187:
3162:
3102:
2845:
2696:
2628:
2617:
2515:
2425:
2389:
Greatest distance by electric vehicle, single charge 999.5 miles (1,608.5 km).
2130:
2062:
2054:
2026:
1339:
1166:
1142:
908:
886:
871:
701:
627:
577:
567:
531:
526:
424:
168:
12865:
10619:
9761:
9017:
8946:"Panasonic boosts energy density, trims cobalt in new 2170 battery cell for Tesla"
7668:
7523:
7506:
4791:. New Albany, Indiana: Automobile Quarterly. pp. 228â275. Vol X, 3rd Q, 1972.
4256:
4058:
are still running after 100 years, but combustion buses only last about 15 years.
3696:
of lithium-ion batteries: the price of batteries declined by 97% in three decades.
13121:
13096:
12964:
12954:
12504:
12187:
12117:
11883:
11873:
11763:
11399:
11208:
11033:
11023:
11013:
10644:
10167:
10149:
10073:
9836:
9593:
9107:
9001:"Correction to "Lithium-Ion Battery RecyclingâOverview of Techniques and Trends""
8982:
8971:
8952:
7699:
7693:"Electric car batteries need far less raw materials than fossil-fuel cars â study
7474:
7449:
6774:
6712:
6222:
6217:
6100:
5832:
5815:
5425:
5408:
4761:
4506:
4482:
4478:
4461:
4379:
4191:
3960:
3720:
3700:
EVs release no tailpipe air pollutants, and reduce respiratory illnesses such as
3212:
3167:
3097:
2573:
2441:
2396:
2358:
2231:
2154:
1761:
1710:
1706:
1539:
1464:
1371:
617:
541:
446:
438:
368:
360:
225:
202:
198:
119:
56:
9829:
9639:
9536:
8775:
8750:
8363:"Electric cars 'hit pedestrians at twice the rate of petrol or diesel vehicles'"
6473:
2678:
as alternating current. For this reason, most electric vehicles have a built-in
2440:, electric motorcycles and scooters, neighborhood electric vehicles, industrial
2179:
1859:). The presence of the electric powertrain is intended to achieve either better
1286:
collects power from electric power strips buried under the road surface through
820:. Over time their general-purpose commercial use reduced to specialist roles as
754:
13045:
13027:
12798:
12778:
12743:
12463:
12422:
12288:
12102:
12097:
11988:
11984:
11793:
11783:
11701:
11565:
11496:
11434:
10959:
10749:
10724:
10709:
10614:
10561:
10243:
10093:
10010:
9057:
8965:"Daimler deepens CATL alliance to build long-range, fast-charging EV batteries"
8880:
8863:
8653:
8628:
7855:"How 'modern-day slavery' in the Congo powers the rechargeable battery economy"
7631:
7606:
5483:"Lithium-ion batteries â Current state of the art and anticipated developments"
5393:
4831:
4281:
4261:
4249:
4231:
4055:
3968:
3693:
3582:
3555:
3528:
3496:
3479:
3358:
3147:
3117:
2703:
2663:
2640:
2580:
2421:
2333:
distances up to 35.7 kilometers (22.2 mi) on the lunar surface. Uncrewed,
2322:
2099:
2050:
2022:
1999:
1934:
1895:
1883:
1875:
1852:
1844:
1702:
1691:
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1307:
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939:
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825:
622:
562:
496:
456:
376:
305:
263:
12438:
9353:
9140:
9039:
7901:
7884:
7756:
6654:
4653:
4403:
that are higher voltage to be installed in garages of newly built homes. The
3689:
2844:(formerly Transport Research Laboratory) lists three power delivery types for
2183:
1717:
vehicles and permanent magnet machines in the Nissan Leaf and Chevrolet Bolt.
13171:
12783:
12748:
12397:
12331:
12270:
12255:
12235:
12162:
11999:
11969:
11888:
11820:
11798:
11658:
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11389:
11350:
11246:
11228:
10940:
10890:
10787:
10739:
10729:
10479:
10433:
10329:
10268:
9938:
9753:
9745:
9519:"New Mexico law seeks solar on every roof, and an EV charger in every garage"
9322:"Electric Trucks Begin Reporting for Duty, Quietly and Without All the Fumes"
9065:
9026:
8924:
8889:
8841:
8717:
8662:
8375:
7676:
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7532:
7483:
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3724:
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3172:
2849:
2779:
2751:
2740:
2587:
2334:
2284:
2203:
2187:
2119:
1963:
1815:
1698:(AC) electricity and this AC electricity is connected to a 3-phase AC motor.
1632:
1375:
1349:
1331:
1253:
1149:. The electricity may be stored in the vehicle using a battery, flywheel, or
1127:
1114:
of the petroleum-based transportation infrastructure, along with the fear of
1057:; they later sold at over their original forty-thousand-dollar price. Later,
924:
852:
793:
662:
597:
400:
388:
372:
364:
337:
267:
208:
11262:
10694:
8709:
7883:
Barnes, Joanna H.; Chatterton, Tim J.; Longhurst, James W.S. (August 2019).
7385:
7326:
4272:
3892:
EVs provide quiet and smooth operation and consequently have less noise and
3846:
2242:
13146:
13065:
12673:
12407:
12392:
12240:
12177:
12147:
12142:
11778:
11643:
11623:
11608:
11543:
11484:
11472:
10689:
10684:
10594:
10438:
10413:
10263:
10088:
10028:
10005:
9241:"EV battery pack prices fell 13% in 2020, some are already below $ 100/kwh"
8735:
7801:"Land grabs and vanishing forests: Are 'clean' electric vehicles to blame?"
7507:"Why cities need to take road space from cars â and how this could be done"
7491:
7404:
7345:
7278:
7043:, CollERS2 â Swedish German research collaboration on Electric Road Systems
5340:
4023:
3533:
3418:
3087:
3052:
2997:
2644:
2621:
2608:
recharging at public charging stations in San Francisco, California (2009).
2605:
2370:
2318:
2014:
1938:
1801:
1753:
1749:
1745:
1265:
1123:
1061:
of Canada sold off a number of Mini EVs when their Canadian testing ended.
1049:
1034:
774:
696:
546:
521:
491:
404:
333:
329:
184:
62:
31:
9399:"L'Occitanie, premiÚre région à commander des trains à hydrogÚne à Alstom"
7819:"Indonesia's massive metals build-out is felling the forest for batteries"
4457:
3963:
of diesel or gas-powered vehicle are sometimes less than a comparable EV.
13081:
12321:
12245:
12218:
12213:
12077:
12067:
11628:
11342:
11319:
11241:
11183:
11178:
10995:
10935:
10920:
10875:
10807:
10744:
10699:
10604:
10489:
10474:
10469:
10464:
10352:
10258:
10129:
9970:
9960:
9429:"La constructora Alstom quiere ir por el 'tramo ecolĂłgico' del Tren Maya"
7757:"Myths Shattered: The Truth About Electric Cars in Today's Auto Industry"
6211:
LĂžnnsomt Ă„ bytte ut 70 prosent av fergene med batteri- eller hybridferger
6096:
4568:
4373:
4337:
4239:
wiring, it is possible to condition one cell while the rest are on duty.
4099:
exemption from certain taxes, and investment in charging infrastructure.
3802:
3538:
3413:
3363:
3326:
3309:
3294:
3112:
2594:
2456:
2207:
2146:
1967:
1780:
1714:
1547:
1440:
1345:
1225:
1131:
1119:
894:
762:
657:
582:
506:
420:
247:
159:
6773:
Dobley, Arthur (2013). "1: Catalytic Batteries". In Suib, Steven (ed.).
2961:
2901:
2382:
Electric Car Distance Record 1,725 miles (2,776 km) in 24 hours by
2013:
On-road electric vehicles include electric cars, electric trolleybuses,
773:
invented the first crude electric carriage, powered by non-rechargeable
765:, built a small-scale electric car, and sometime between 1832 and 1839,
12303:
12265:
12107:
11940:
10837:
10822:
10817:
10584:
10423:
10405:
10316:
10278:
10253:
10119:
9730:
9602:
8147:"Western car makers look to slash EV costs to fight Chinese 'invasion'"
7169:
7142:
5277:
5229:
Balcioglu, Yavuz Selim; Sezen, BĂŒlent; Ä°Ćler, Ali Ulvi (20 June 2024).
4927:
The Electric Vehicle: Technology and Expectations in the Automobile Age
4404:
4396:
4388:
4296:
4172:
4036:
4028:
3972:
3548:
3373:
3368:
3336:
3299:
3284:
3067:
2675:
2598:
2433:
2280:
2103:
2046:
1966:
that can be recharged from any external source of electricity, such as
1947:
1694:(DC) electricity is fed into a DC/AC inverter where it is converted to
1273:
1261:
1192:
1135:
928:
903:
829:
801:
501:
271:
251:
233:
9568:
General Motors will add bidirectional charging to its Ultium-based EVs
8999:
Baum, Zachary J.; Bird, Robert; Yu, Xiang; Ma, Jia (14 October 2022).
8913:"Unleash the deep-sea robots? A quandary as EV makers hunt for metals"
7201:"The price of batteries has declined by 97% in the last three decades"
6670:
5355:"World's first electrified road for charging vehicles opens in Sweden"
5324:
3813:. In 2024, nickel mining and processing was one of the main causes of
1725:
969:
13151:
12874:
12644:
12639:
12634:
12629:
12624:
12619:
12614:
12527:
12260:
12250:
12172:
12137:
11808:
11803:
11788:
11613:
11585:
11580:
11370:
11365:
11301:
10985:
10925:
10865:
10832:
10734:
10719:
10679:
10674:
10654:
10634:
10579:
10547:
10542:
10537:
10532:
10527:
10522:
10517:
10512:
10507:
10418:
10395:
10291:
10248:
10157:
10114:
9965:
9724:
8165:"Explaining Electric & Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles | US EPA"
6971:
6003:
5874:
5758:"Bloomberg's Latest Forecast Predicts Rapidly Falling Battery Prices"
5195:
5051:
4168:
4011:
3905:
3893:
3798:
concept instead, based on biking, public transport and ride sharing.
3403:
3383:
3152:
3062:
2824:
2711:
2219:
2215:
2211:
2196:
2084:
2042:
1886:. Some varieties of HEV use an internal combustion engine to turn an
1598:
1418:
1367:
1335:
1321:
486:
325:
12342:
8020:"Electric vehicle life cycle analysis and raw material availability"
6000:"'A game changer': TĂŒrkiye inaugurates its first national car plant"
5945:"Turkey's National Carmaker Togg Starts Production Of 2023 C SUV EV"
5923:"Electric Vehicles Types â A Complete Guide to Types of EV â EVESCO"
5707:"Comparison of NiMH and Li-Ion Batteries in Automotive Applications"
5444:"Race to Net Zero: The Pressures of the Battery Boom in Five Charts"
4695:
2012 Third IEEE HISTory of ELectro-technology CONference (HISTELCON)
4534:
4472:
when not in use, battery-powered vehicles could reduce the need for
4416:
4265:
3630:
2880:
Further information on the high-power charging station network:
2137:
to operate at speeds of 320 km/h (200 mph) or higher, and
260:, a Geero, with the removable battery integrated into the down tube.
12052:
11878:
11673:
11663:
11223:
11218:
11193:
10930:
10659:
10649:
10639:
10624:
10599:
10443:
10428:
10390:
10362:
10306:
10296:
10233:
10134:
9995:
9985:
9955:
9624:
7159:
5180:"Sustainable transportation based on EV concepts: a brief overview"
4489:
3869:
Electric motors are mechanically very simple and often achieve 90%
3543:
3428:
3423:
3077:
3072:
3042:
2590:
charging station and Pay as you go electric vehicle charging point.
1705:, and some electric cars, DC motors are often used. In some cases,
1232:
1115:
770:
416:
9776:"It's not just cars driving the EV revolution in emerging markets"
9703:"It's not just cars driving the EV revolution in emerging markets"
6558:"Greatest distance by electric vehicle, single charge (non-solar)"
5908:"Alternative Fuels Data Center: How do Hybrid Electric Cars Work?"
5263:
4548:
2464:, forcing periodic upgrading of all vehicles already on the road.
1943:
1870:
Modern HEVs make use of efficiency-improving technologies such as
1370:, the chemical energy of the dieselâelectric can be replaced by a
12975:
12553:
11747:
11727:
11597:
11462:
11332:
10870:
10860:
10827:
10802:
10797:
10664:
10629:
10448:
10344:
10286:
10238:
10068:
10000:
9215:"2019 Work Truck Show: Adoption of Electrification Won't be Fast"
8830:"Falling Lithium Prices Are Making Electric Cars More Affordable"
7971:"Nissan Adds 'Beautiful' Noise to Make Silent Electric Cars Safe"
6865:
Analysera förutsÀttningar och planera för en utbyggnad av elvÀgar
6585:"This solar-powered EV is a world-record-breaking speed machine*"
5675:
5161:"Electric Vehicles Look Poised for Slower Sales Growth This Year"
5141:"Global EV Outlook 2023 / Trends in electric light-duty vehicles"
4520:
4350:
4292:, carry specialized payloads, or perform other utilitarian work.
3759:
3565:
3523:
3259:
3242:
2755:
2437:
2395:
Electric Motorcycle: 1,070 miles (1,720 km) under 24 hours.
2088:
1554:
1378:, which drives a generator, which is then fed to the propulsion.
916:
890:
285:
8256:"Heat pumps in electric vehicles: What are they for? | Inquieto"
8195:"Electric vehicle price is rising, but cost-per-mile is falling"
5407:
Liu, Chaofeng; Neale, Zachary G.; Cao, Guozhong (1 March 2016).
4464:(V2G) charger where energy can flow back into the grid if needed
2114:, electric trams (also called streetcars or trolleys), electric
12563:
12223:
12037:
11868:
11618:
10880:
9897:
7299:
7224:
6369:
3763:
3701:
3254:
2937:
836:
396:
257:
188:
9907:
6166:
4225:
3955:
As of 2021 the purchase price of an EV is often more, but the
2670:
can only be charged by direct current electricity, while most
2373:, an electric hypercar, set 23 world speed records in one day.
993:, 800 of which were made available through three-year leases.
12208:
12112:
11909:
10754:
10609:
10178:
9163:"Calculating the total cost of ownership for electric trucks"
7573:"Electric Cars Need Way Less Raw Materials Than ICE Vehicles"
7447:
5816:"Electric vehicle traction motors without rare earth magnets"
4384:
4311:, but the rapid development of lighter and more energy-dense
4289:
4176:
3489:
2993:
2881:
1536:
Full Electric Vehicles (FEV). Power storage methods include:
139:
9295:"Delivery Vehicles Increasingly Choke Cities with Pollution"
9268:"From Amazon To FedEx, The Delivery Truck Is Going Electric"
6180:
3747:
agreed standards on the governance of technology worldwide.
2402:
Electric flight: 439.5 miles (707.3 km) without charge.
2122:
are all in common use today, especially in Europe and Asia.
1374:. The nuclear reactor usually provides heat, which drives a
753:
Electric motive power started in 1827 when Hungarian priest
12230:
9941:
9122:"Supercapacitors: A new source of power for electric cars?"
8861:
8402:"EESL to procure 10,000 Electric Vehicles from TATA Motors"
7300:
Michalek; Chester; Jaramillo; Samaras; Shiau; Lave (2011).
6378:
6267:"Ports of Auckland Sparky: The 200 Best Inventions of 2022"
6069:. Center for Sustainable Energy, California. Archived from
5962:
4654:
Asif Faiz; Christopher S. Weaver; Michael P. Walsh (1996).
4428:
4366:
3587:
2338:
2314:
2313:
Crewed and uncrewed vehicles have been used to explore the
1951:
1203:
1069:
412:
392:
317:
6858:
6856:
6854:
6852:
6850:
5006:
The Voltec System â Energy Storage and Electric Propulsion
1169:
as heat, as electricity restored to the on-board battery.
808:, the popularity of electric cars declined significantly.
796:
and George Meister in a Studebaker electric runabout, 1909
11951:
11638:
10914:
10484:
10372:
10209:
7993:"Our Electric Future â The American, A Magazine of Ideas"
7889:
Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment
7882:
7859:
5479:
4789:
Studebaker: One can do a lot of remembering in South Bend
4324:
3786:
3782:
from generating the electricity used for driving the EV.
2800:
2482:
Lithium ion battery for motorbikes or powersport vehicles
2134:
1058:
9663:
2017 Iranian Conference on Electrical Engineering (ICEE)
8464:"5 things to know about the future of electric vehicles"
7604:
5438:
5436:
5133:
4399:
the government is looking to pass legislation mandating
3704:. However, EVs are charged with electricity that may be
2379:
Electric Land Speed Record 353 mph (568 km/h).
811:
Due to lack of electricity grids and the limitations of
363:. Using electricity was among the preferred methods for
9369:"Germany launches world's first hydrogen-powered train"
7653:
6847:
6744:"EVO Report 2021 | BloombergNEF | Bloomberg Finance LP"
6504:"Electric car goes from 0 to 100 km/h in 1.461 seconds"
5986:"Turkey Bets on EVs with the Pininfarina-Designed TOGG"
5463:"Namsan E-Bus, First Commercial Electric Bus Worldwide"
4990:
Taking the Wheel: Women and the Coming of the Motor Age
4693:
Guarnieri, M. (2012). "Looking back to electric cars".
4106:
to provide large incentives on some electric vehicles.
2877:
supply through conductive rails embedded in the road".
1623:(Li-Ions or LIBs). Lithium-ion batteries have a higher
9340:
8494:"Accelerating the Transition to Electric School Buses"
8145:
Guillaume, Gilles; Piovaccari, Giulio (27 July 2023).
5298:
5171:
4374:
Higher voltage outlets in garages of newly built homes
4295:
Electric trucks have serviced niche applications like
2091:
drawing current from a single overhead wire through a
8626:
7547:"e-bike carbon savings â how much and where? â CREDS"
6406:
Lyons, Pete; "10 Best Ahead-of-Their-Time Machines",
5433:
5151:
4207:), and now last longer than the typical vehicle (see
4018:
3708:
by means that have health and environmental impacts.
6023:
Plug-In Electric Vehicles: What Role for Washington?
5257:
5178:
Eberle, Ulrich; von Helmolt, Rittmar (14 May 2010).
4875:"Escaping Lock-in: the Case of the Electric Vehicle"
4516:
4496:
for short periods to stabilize some national grids.
2886:
2106:, eliminating the need for heavy onboard batteries.
1293:
1019:
A movie made on the subject in 2005â2006 was titled
8144:
6919:
5228:
4194:, however carmakers are not using this as of 2023.
4080:
Government incentives for plug-in electric vehicles
2972: with: up-to-date information. You can help by
2912: with: up-to-date information. You can help by
1317:
locomotive and dieselâelectric multiple unit (DEMU)
9119:
8749:MÄnberger, André; Stenqvist, Björn (August 2018).
8748:
8361:
7358:
6942:SystÚme de route électrique. Groupe de travail n°1
5102:. Hachette Filipacchi Media U.S., Inc. p. 52.
4591:Anti-electric vehicle tactics in the US and Canada
2268:
1993:
739:promote the adoption of electric cars and trucks.
9805:"Engines and Gas Turbines | Claverton Group"
9570:by Jonathan M. Gitlin, on Ars Technica, 8/8/2023.
9363:
9361:
8799:"Move to net zero 'inevitably means more mining'"
6237:"S-80: A Sub, for Spain, to Sail Out on the Main"
6016:
5709:. Power Electronics and Motor Drives Laboratory.
5177:
5003:Matthe, Roland; Eberle, Ulrich (1 January 2014).
2572:being charged at an electric charging station in
1246:
1110:During the late 20th and early 21st century, the
13169:
7939:
7937:
7731:"Energy Technology Perspectives 2023 â Analysis"
6887:
6819:Electric Road Systems: a solution for the future
6701:"Future Prospects for All-Solid-State Batteries"
5807:
5572:
4102:Companies selling EVs have partnered with local
4035:Shifts from private to public transport (train,
4015:electric cars come with heat pumps as standard.
1559:Static energy stored on the vehicle in on-board
976:electric car (1996â1998), a subject of the film
27:Vehicle propelled by one or more electric motors
8828:Ewing, Jack; Krauss, Clifford (20 March 2023).
8690:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
8551:Spencer, Alison; Ross, Stephanie; Tyson, Alec.
7365:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
7306:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
7141:Ziegler, Micah S.; Trancik, Jessika E. (2021).
7033:
6815:
5884:. HybridCars.com. 27 March 2006. Archived from
5616:"Types of Batteries Used for Electric Vehicles"
4179:, where the bulk of energy used is supplied by
4146:
2265:include piloted and unpiloted aerial vehicles.
9561:
9358:
7783:"Indonesia and China killed the nickel market"
7140:
7053:
6938:
6659:IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine
6123:"Electric road vehicles in the European Union"
5920:
4911:The electric vehicle and the burden of history
4054:, they are also the cheapest –
3758:One source estimates that over a fifth of the
3685:Environmental impact of the petroleum industry
3681:Environmental impacts of lithium-ion batteries
2848:, or charging while the vehicle is in motion:
2795:Ground-level power supplythrough on-road rail(
2724:Dynamic charging technologies tested in Sweden
1978:(BEVs), plug-in hybrid vehicles, (PHEVs), and
1744:In the systems above, motion is provided by a
1479:Exclusively uses electricity from power grid.
1072:started production in 2006 but ended by 2009.
391:) were the dominant propulsion mechanisms for
12689:
12358:
11925:
11292:
11278:
10194:
9923:
8226:"What's a heat pump and why do EVs use them?"
7934:
7837:"EU faces green dilemma in Indonesian nickel"
6655:"Industrial battery technologies and markets"
6181:"Oceanvolt â Complete Electric Motor Systems"
5942:
4805:
4073:
3656:
1542:stored on the vehicle in on-board batteries:
1513:
719:
12703:
8998:
8550:
8430:
6372:"Results from SERT I Ion Rocket Flight Test"
5938:
5936:
5002:
4452:
4443:
4234:to buffer large but short power demands and
4157:By reducing types of air pollution, such as
4027:One of the few trolleybuses in Europe, this
2279:Electric power has a long history of use in
11712:Hydrogen internal combustion engine vehicle
9660:
9375:. Agence France-Presse. 17 September 2018.
8827:
6692:
6603:"Harley-Davidson's LiveWire EV | GreenCars"
5406:
5158:
5143:. International Energy Agency. April 2023.
4624:Vehicle classification by propulsion system
4226:Battery management and intermediate storage
2145:. In addition, they have higher short-term
1922:
191:charging from a standard electrical outlet.
12696:
12682:
12365:
12351:
11932:
11918:
11285:
11271:
10201:
10187:
9930:
9916:
9807:. Claverton-energy.com. 18 November 2008.
6292:Mandra, Jasmina Ovcina (27 October 2023).
5704:
5535:
5379:
4954:
4319:than their predecessors. According to the
4307:for over a hundred years, typically using
3663:
3649:
3024:
2275:Electrically powered spacecraft propulsion
1602:Namsan E-Bus, the first commercially used
1520:
1506:
1449:but has electric battery to consume less.
1313:Generated on-board using a diesel engine:
1191:A passenger train, taking power through a
726:
712:
470:
9601:
9265:
9238:
9016:
8879:
8774:
8725:
8652:
8580:Bank, European Investment (5 June 2023).
8575:
8573:
7900:
7717:"Batteries and secure energy transitions"
7630:
7522:
7473:
7394:
7384:
7335:
7325:
7268:
7250:
7168:
7158:
6939:Patrick PĂ©lata; et al. (July 2021),
6816:D Bateman; et al. (8 October 2018),
6646:
6163:North American Maglev Transport Institute
5992:
5983:
5977:
5933:
5921:Spendiff-Smith, Matthew (18 March 2022).
5831:
5529:
5460:
5424:
4692:
4434:
3677:Environmental aspects of the electric car
2658:There are two main types of EV chargers:
2565:Charging stations for electric vehicles:
2170:operating on non-electrified rail lines.
1878:to electric energy, which is stored in a
1795:
1756:which float above the rails supported by
1447:Exclusively uses petroleum or other fuel,
1435:but can shut off engine to consume less.
1433:Exclusively uses petroleum or other fuel,
445:did not become practical options for the
12789:Environmentally healthy community design
10605:Cabriolet / Convertible / Drophead coupe
9046:Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
8868:Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
8686:"The other benefit of electric vehicles"
7504:
6363:
6337:
5782:
5382:Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
5035:
4686:
4660:. World Bank Publications. p. 227.
4456:
4383:
4271:
4255:
4213:
4153:Environmental footprint of electric cars
4137:
4113:
4022:
3856:
3845:
3769:
3733:
3688:
2477:
2348:
2241:
2191:
2141:to have a much higher power output than
2078:
1962:A plug-in electric vehicle (PEV) is any
1942:
1771:
1724:
1665:
1597:
1588:
1029:in 2006. The film explores the roles of
968:
880:
788:
10951:Homogeneous charge compression ignition
9292:
9239:Edelstein, Stephen (17 December 2020).
8521:
8519:
8359:
8223:
8017:
7084:
7082:
7080:
7078:
6959:
6896:Regler för statliga elvÀgar SOU 2021:73
6698:
5733:"Global EV Outlook 2023 â Data product"
5112:
5097:
4987:
4899:AAA World Magazine. JanâFeb 2011, p. 53
4736:"Inventors â Electric Cars (1890â1930)"
3719:to EVs will not free up road space for
2302:
2008:
1461:Uses mixture of petroleum or other fuel
34:. For other uses of the term "EV", see
14:
13170:
9654:
9379:from the original on 17 September 2018
8910:
8570:
8553:"How Americans view electric vehicles"
8311:from the original on 16 September 2009
8302:
8284:from the original on 19 September 2009
7688:
7686:
7600:
7598:
7118:. Europa (web portal). 10 March 2010.
6811:
6809:
6807:
6805:
6803:
6772:
6421:"Technologies of Broad Benefit: Power"
6291:
5820:Sustainable Materials and Technologies
5813:
5450:from the original on 7 September 2023.
5305:Environmental Science & Technology
5159:McKerracher, Colin (12 January 2023).
5041:
5009:. Elsevier Science. pp. 151â176.
4908:
4780:
4762:"History of Railway Electric Traction"
4733:
3158:List of low-energy building techniques
1958:established in 2018 for producing EVs.
1584:
1195:with return through the traction rails
1172:
12677:
12372:
12346:
11913:
11266:
10182:
9911:
9811:from the original on 6 September 2009
9537:"Buy Nema 14â50 EV Charger â Lectron"
9499:from the original on 29 November 2018
9469:from the original on 29 November 2018
9439:from the original on 29 November 2018
9409:from the original on 29 November 2018
9212:
8683:
8461:
8431:Balachandran, Manu (6 October 2017).
8280:. Claverton-energy.com. 28 May 2009.
8036:from the original on 23 February 2018
7947:. European Commission. Archived from
6707:. Springer Netherlands. p. 424.
6652:
6388:from the original on 12 November 2020
6351:from the original on 10 December 2004
6247:from the original on 24 February 2010
6191:from the original on 24 December 2012
6139:from the original on 14 February 2020
5725:
5686:from the original on 22 November 2017
5626:from the original on 19 December 2017
5578:
5461:Medimorec, Nikola (8 February 2013).
5361:from the original on 1 September 2019
5167:from the original on 12 January 2023.
4806:Taalbi, Josef; Nielsen, Hana (2021).
4738:. Inventors.about.com. Archived from
4353:are gaining in popularity to replace
4197:
2735:(and powerpending furtherdevelopment)
2226:or gasoline engines at the surface),
304:) is a vehicle that uses one or more
9319:
8579:
8516:
8443:from the original on 8 February 2018
8341:from the original on 30 October 2020
8224:Beedham, Matthew (3 February 2021).
7780:
7429:from the original on 9 November 2021
7075:
6932:
6876:from the original on 3 February 2021
6626:
6582:
6530:
6453:from the original on 2 November 2018
6427:from the original on 18 January 2017
6010:
5713:from the original on 1 December 2017
5656:from the original on 1 December 2017
5210:from the original on 21 October 2013
4801:
4799:
4135:2035 has declined from 47% to 40%.
4125:
3927:
3915:
2956:
2896:
2508:
2444:and including many hybrid vehicles.
2321:. On the last three missions of the
2153:can put braking power back into the
1970:, and the electricity stored in the
1720:
1235:uses an on-board generator to power
40:
9293:Joselow, Maxine (11 January 2020).
9266:Domonoske, Camila (17 March 2021).
8791:
8408:. 29 September 2017. Archived from
7683:
7595:
7090:"Global EV Outlook 2023 â Analysis"
6800:
6059:
5764:from the original on 8 January 2019
5023:from the original on 9 October 2020
4923:
4768:from the original on 24 August 2018
2717:
2690:
2325:in 1971 and 1972, astronauts drove
2163:trains are also nearly always EVs.
777:. American blacksmith and inventor
177:Electric vehicles around the world
24:
12926:waste-water treatment technologies
12048:Continuously variable transmission
9872:
7973:. Bloomberg L.P. 18 September 2009
7553:from the original on 13 April 2021
7147:Energy & Environmental Science
7122:from the original on 16 April 2010
6836:from the original on 3 August 2020
6471:
6115:
6067:"Plug-in Electric Vehicles (PEVs)"
6044:from the original on 28 March 2019
5184:Energy & Environmental Science
5113:Freeman, Sunny (9 December 2009).
4996:
4970:from the original on 30 April 2015
4877:. Cgl.uwaterloo.ca. Archived from
4786:
4468:Since EVs can be plugged into the
4344:
4321:United States Department of Energy
4242:
4019:Electric public transit efficiency
2337:rovers have explored the Moon and
2297:Field Emission Electric Propulsion
1790:
1391:
1366:For especially large EVs, such as
964:
308:. The vehicle can be powered by a
25:
13199:
12911:agricultural wastewater treatment
12418:Electric motorcycles and scooters
11519:Electric motorcycles and scooters
10615:Coupé de Ville / Sedanca de Ville
9891:
9792:in protecting a grid's stability.
8504:from the original on 29 July 2021
8474:from the original on 16 June 2021
8382:from the original on 14 June 2024
8236:from the original on 28 July 2021
8175:from the original on 12 June 2018
8126:from the original on 26 July 2021
8096:from the original on 26 July 2021
8066:from the original on 26 July 2021
7583:from the original on 28 July 2021
7009:, 2 February 2022, archived from
6972:The British Standards Institution
6754:from the original on 27 July 2021
6501:
5943:Dan Mihalascu (4 November 2022).
5795:from the original on 27 July 2021
5147:from the original on 12 May 2023.
4796:
4764:. Mikes.railhistory.railfan.net.
4093:ban sales of fossil fuel vehicles
4001:
3975:to describe it as an "invasion".
3832:
3774:Geographical distribution of the
2887:Other in-development technologies
2487:typically lithium-ion batteries.
2447:
2168:battery electric passenger trains
2149:for fast acceleration, and using
2031:electric motorcycles and scooters
1661:
1294:Onboard generators and hybrid EVs
1075:
925:the initiation of mass production
851: – was favored by
555:Aspects of sustainable transport:
381:contemporary battery technologies
12864:
12437:
12431:
12327:
12326:
12316:
9896:
9855:
9842:
9823:
9797:
9768:
9695:
9618:
9573:
9547:
9529:
9511:
9481:
9451:
9421:
9391:
9320:Gies, Erica (18 December 2017).
9313:
9286:
9259:
9232:
9206:
9180:
9155:
9113:
9093:
9080:
9033:
8992:
8958:
8938:
8904:
8855:
8821:
8809:from the original on 4 June 2021
8742:
8677:
8620:
8600:
8544:
8486:
8455:
8424:
8394:
8360:Searles, Michael (22 May 2024).
8353:
8331:"Blackpool Trams â Then and Now"
8323:
8296:
8270:
8248:
8217:
8205:from the original on 4 June 2018
8187:
8157:
8138:
8108:
8078:
8048:
8011:
7985:
7963:
7917:
7876:
7867:
7847:
7829:
7811:
7793:
7774:
7749:
7723:
7709:
7647:
7505:Gössling, Stefan (3 July 2020).
7231:Science of the Total Environment
6870:Swedish Transport Administration
6531:Holl, Maximilian (5 July 2019).
6486:
6165:. 1 January 2011. Archived from
6093:"PEV Frequently Asked Questions"
5785:"EVs Explained: Charging Losses"
5783:Voelcker, John (10 April 2021).
5705:Aditya, Jayam; Ferdowsi, Mehdi.
5058:from the original on 4 July 2021
5048:The History of Electric Vehicles
4674:from the original on 4 July 2021
4575:
4561:
4547:
4533:
4519:
4248:This section is an excerpt from
4061:
3629:
3616:
3615:
3093:Energy efficiency implementation
3004:
2960:
2934:electric double-layer capacitors
2900:
2555:
2546:
2535:
2526:
2514:This section is an excerpt from
2499:
2068:
1831:This section is an excerpt from
1767:
1570:electric double-layer capacitors
1561:electric double-layer capacitors
1224:
1202:
1184:
1096:
1084:
1048:Ford released a number of their
927:of gasoline-powered vehicles by
695:
686:Index of sustainability articles
648:Transportation demand management
435:Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles
167:
158:
147:
138:
127:
118:
107:
98:
45:
12992:List of energy storage projects
12916:industrial wastewater treatment
12769:Environmental impact assessment
12739:Environmental impact assessment
12464:Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle
11566:Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle
10054:2,4-Dimethyl-6-tert-butylphenol
9937:
9734:IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid
9671:10.1109/IranianCEE.2017.7985237
8974:, Reuters, August 5, 2020; and
8684:Carey, John (17 January 2023).
8018:Lepetit, Yoann (October 2017).
7565:
7539:
7498:
7441:
7411:
7359:Tessum; Hill; Marshall (2014).
7352:
7293:
7252:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161761
7218:
7193:
7134:
7108:
7069:10.1016/j.electacta.2004.05.048
7047:
7034:Matts Andersson (4 July 2022),
7027:
6990:
6913:
6766:
6736:
6620:
6595:
6576:
6550:
6524:
6510:
6495:
6480:
6465:
6439:
6413:
6400:
6345:"Contributions to Deep Space 1"
6311:
6285:
6259:
6229:
6203:
6173:
6151:
6085:
5955:
5914:
5900:
5848:
5776:
5750:
5698:
5668:
5638:
5613:
5607:
5473:
5454:
5400:
5373:
5347:
5292:
5222:
5106:
5091:
5069:
4981:
4944:
4917:
4902:
4864:Osprey Publishing, 4 March 2008
4499:
3825:and habitat destruction in the
3349:Ocean thermal energy conversion
2944:. Sodium-ion batteries promise
2893:Electric double-layer capacitor
2601:eVgo station in Houston, Texas.
2269:Electrically powered spacecraft
2237:
2173:
1994:Range-extended electric vehicle
1729:An electric powertrain used by
1001:the auto industry's successful
749:History of the electric vehicle
11939:
11448:Battery electric multiple unit
11252:Template:EC car classification
10208:
8633:Environmental Research Letters
8303:Lesley, Lewis (October 2008).
7995:. American.com. Archived from
7945:"Transport: Electric vehicles"
7611:Environmental Research Letters
6627:Toll, Micah (29 August 2020).
6159:"-Maglev Technology Explained"
5984:Jay Ramey (30 December 2019).
5593:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2012.12.075
5558:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2012.10.060
5507:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2020.228708
4924:Mom, Gijs (15 February 2013).
4893:
4867:
4854:
4754:
4727:
4703:10.1109/HISTELCON.2012.6487583
4647:
4188:International Seabed Authority
3723:or public transport. Electric
2992:The United Nations in Geneva (
2649:neighborhood electric vehicles
2199:SD8.6 electric saildrive motor
2184:Ship § Propulsion systems
2075:Railway electrification system
2039:neighborhood electric vehicles
1651:nickelâmetal hydride batteries
1247:Connection to generator plants
987:California Air Resources Board
306:electric motors for propulsion
13:
1:
12083:Automated manual transmission
11549:Neighborhood Electric Vehicle
9903:Electrically powered vehicles
9090:, IEEE.org, February 21, 2020
9018:10.1021/acsenergylett.2c01888
8911:Halper, Evan (5 April 2023).
7669:10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.04.035
7657:Journal of Cleaner Production
7524:10.1080/13574809.2020.1727318
5235:Social Responsibility Journal
5098:Quiroga, Tony (August 2009).
4734:Bellis, Mary (16 June 2010).
4640:
4608:Neighborhood Electric Vehicle
3950:
3841:
3178:Passive solar building design
2411:
2406:
2133:such as France's double-deck
1847:that combines a conventional
1825:
1777:Neighborhood Electric Vehicle
1606:system which is powered with
1427:Micro hybrid electric vehicle
1025:and released theatrically by
938:, which was a partnership of
672:Sustainable transport toolbox
11838:Who Killed the Electric Car?
11634:Common ethanol fuel mixtures
10125:Automatic transmission fluid
10059:Dinonylnaphthylsulfonic acid
10011:Racing fuel (Tetraethyllead)
9594:10.1016/j.vehcom.2019.100188
9213:Adler, Alan (8 March 2019).
9129:Economic Analysis and Policy
8586:. European Investment Bank.
7781:Rick, Mills (4 March 2024).
7706:. Retrieved 1 November 2021.
7475:10.1016/j.envint.2020.106015
6713:10.1007/978-94-009-5167-9_29
6518:"interestingengineering.com"
5882:"History of Hybrid Vehicles"
5833:10.1016/j.susmat.2015.02.001
5426:10.1016/j.mattod.2015.10.009
4288:(BEV) designed to transport
4147:Environmental considerations
3871:energy conversion efficiency
3827:Democratic Republic of Congo
2467:
1980:electric vehicle conversions
1874:which convert the vehicle's
1578:energy conversion efficiency
1441:Mild hybrid electric vehicle
1397:Fuel use in vehicle designs
1304:Petrolâelectric transmission
1300:Dieselâelectric transmission
1022:Who Killed the Electric Car?
979:Who Killed the Electric Car?
904:Improved road infrastructure
643:Transit-oriented development
613:Integrated transport network
357:Second Industrial Revolution
7:
12774:Environmental impact design
12158:Semi-automatic transmission
11852:Revenge of the Electric Car
11443:Battery-electric locomotive
9880:International Energy Agency
9640:10.1016/j.adhoc.2019.101929
9110:, Electrek, August 12, 2020
8976:"Porsche: The perfect cell"
8776:10.1016/j.enpol.2018.04.056
8608:"Zeroing in on Healthy Air"
8462:Azeez, Walé (12 May 2021).
8027:Transport & Environment
6447:"Soviet Union Lunar Rovers"
5357:. Guardian. 12 April 2018.
4913:. Rutgers University Press.
4512:
4357:units. In Germany, several
4086:Electric car use by country
3776:global battery supply chain
3636:Renewable energy portal
3354:Renewable energy transition
2775:
2662:(AC) charging stations and
2494:
2460:vehicles, such as Japan or
2180:Submarine § Propulsion
1619:Most electric vehicles use
1320:Generated on-board using a
1155:internal combustion engines
1068:stopped in September 2005.
1066:Citroën Berlingo Electrique
860:internal combustion engines
385:Internal combustion engines
221:to circumnavigate the world
59:the scope of other articles
10:
13204:
13188:19th-century introductions
13132:High-performance buildings
12474:Fuel cell electric vehicle
11995:Internal combustion engine
10941:Gasoline / petrol
10705:Roadster / Spider / Spyder
10049:Dimethyl methylphosphonate
9058:10.1016/j.rser.2018.04.035
8881:10.1016/j.rser.2022.112158
6699:Tofield, Bruce C. (1985).
5394:10.1016/j.rser.2012.11.042
4988:Scharff, Virginia (1992).
4832:10.1038/s41560-021-00898-3
4377:
4247:
4150:
4083:
4077:
4074:Government incentivization
4066:Research published in the
3982:
3815:deforestation in Indonesia
3674:
2890:
2879:
2869:French Ministry of Ecology
2668:Electric vehicle batteries
2513:
2471:
2344:
2306:
2289:electrostatic ion thruster
2272:
2254:
2222:use batteries (charged by
2177:
2072:
1997:
1988:internal combustion engine
1956:Turkish automotive company
1932:
1926:
1849:internal combustion engine
1830:
1799:
1783:NEV, with solar panel roof
1676:
1612:
1344:Renewable sources such as
1297:
1278:conduit current collection
1005:challenge to California's
948:Standard Oil of California
855:for use in electric cars.
746:
742:
603:Human-powered land vehicle
441:until the late 2000s, and
29:
13127:Heat recovery ventilation
13112:Environmental remediation
13037:
12940:
12873:
12862:
12729:Climate smart agriculture
12711:
12662:
12602:
12582:
12546:
12520:
12513:
12482:
12446:
12429:
12380:
12312:
12294:Hybrid vehicle drivetrain
12281:
12196:
12183:Transmission control unit
12123:Limited-slip differential
12088:Electrorheological clutch
12013:
11960:
11947:
11861:
11845:What Is the Electric Car?
11829:
11756:
11720:
11692:Hydrogen-powered aircraft
11672:
11596:
11428:
11398:
11341:
11318:
11300:
11294:Alternative fuel vehicles
11237:
11161:
11081:(engine / drive)
11075:
11047:
10994:
10846:
10768:
10560:
10498:
10457:
10404:
10371:
10343:
10315:
10277:
10226:
10217:
10148:
10107:
10019:
9948:
9141:10.1016/j.eap.2018.08.003
8613:American Lung Association
7902:10.1016/j.trd.2019.05.012
7454:Environment International
6506:. Guinness World Records.
6028:The Brookings Institution
4992:. Univ. New Mexico Press.
4629:Personal electric vehicle
4453:Stabilization of the grid
4444:Infrastructure management
4351:fuel-cell electric trains
4276:Auto Electric Truck, 1907
4181:coal burning power plants
4109:
3198:Sustainable refurbishment
2952:
2772:Ground-level power supply
2761:650 kW(1000 kW)
2637:battery electric vehicles
2633:plug-in electric vehicles
2317:and other planets in the
2309:Rover (space exploration)
1976:battery electric vehicles
1857:hybrid vehicle drivetrain
1501:
1497:to generate electricity.
1382:Nuclear marine propulsion
1330:Generated on-board using
1288:electromagnetic induction
681:Outline of sustainability
179:(left to right, from top)
13117:Glass in green buildings
13061:sustainable architecture
12705:Environmental technology
12469:Battery electric vehicle
12459:Plug-in electric vehicle
12073:Dual-clutch transmission
11554:Plug-in electric vehicle
11534:Gyro flywheel locomotive
11512:Battery electric vehicle
10720:Sedan delivery/Panel van
10034:Butylated hydroxytoluene
9835:17 February 2010 at the
9746:10.1109/TSG.2015.2496796
9582:Vehicular Communications
8981:25 November 2020 at the
8654:10.1088/1748-9326/ac9422
8531:European Investment Bank
8498:U.S. PIRG Education Fund
8406:Press Information Bureau
8305:"Sustainable light rail"
7761:Greenpeace international
7704:transportenvironment.org
7632:10.1088/1748-9326/aae9b1
6779:. Elsevier. p. 13.
6653:Seitz, C.W. (May 1994).
6055:See definition on pp. 2.
5858:. Pvi.fr. Archived from
5581:Journal of Power Sources
5538:Journal of Power Sources
5487:Journal of Power Sources
5243:10.1108/SRJ-12-2023-0713
4635:
4619:Alternative fuel vehicle
4349:Particularly in Europe,
4286:battery electric vehicle
3978:
3853:chassis with drive motor
3183:Sustainable architecture
3138:Glass in green buildings
3128:Environmental technology
3058:Compact fluorescent lamp
2806:150 kW(500 kW)
2785:200 kW(800 kW)
2666:(DC) charging stations.
2604:Bottom-right: converted
2474:Electric vehicle battery
2157:rather than wasting it.
1984:hybrid electric vehicles
1929:Plug-in electric vehicle
1923:Plug-in electric vehicle
1812:battery electric vehicle
1806:Battery electric vehicle
1731:Power Vehicle Innovation
1615:Electric vehicle battery
1553:Kinetic energy storage:
1544:Battery electric vehicle
1237:in-wheel electric motors
1165:, typically lost during
1031:automobile manufacturers
431:Hybrid electric vehicles
12454:Hybrid electric vehicle
12043:Constant-velocity joint
11774:Hybrid electric vehicle
11738:Liquid nitrogen vehicle
11733:Hybrid electric vehicle
11539:Hybrid electric vehicle
11502:Electric platform truck
10981:Liquified petroleum gas
10793:Driverless (autonomous)
10140:Windshield washer fluid
10084:Methyl tert-butyl ether
10064:2,6-Di-tert-butylphenol
9976:Lead Replacement Petrol
9270:. National Public Radio
9192:www.automotiveworld.com
8710:10.1073/pnas.2220923120
7698:2 November 2021 at the
7511:Journal of Urban Design
7386:10.1073/pnas.1406853111
7327:10.1073/pnas.1104473108
6323:San Diego Union-Tribune
5963:"TOGG Official Website"
5814:Widmar, Martin (2015).
4614:Polluter pays principle
4541:Renewable energy portal
4474:dispatchable generation
4323:, the average cost per
4095:between 2025 and 2040.
4068:British Medical Journal
3957:total cost of ownership
3504:Human-powered transport
3208:Tropical green building
3143:Green building and wood
2817:Wireless power transfer
2702:Batteries with greater
2653:plug-in hybrid vehicles
2430:motorized shopping cart
2112:electric multiple units
1916:series-parallel hybrids
1841:hybrid electric vehicle
1833:Hybrid electric vehicle
1574:flywheel energy storage
1546:(BEV) typically with a
1411:Combustion-only vehicle
1284:Online electric vehicle
759:University of Groningen
653:Transportation planning
608:Human-powered transport
320:to electricity using a
13107:Environmental movement
12804:Sustainability science
12794:Public interest design
12719:Appropriate technology
12023:Automatic transmission
11899:Zero-emissions vehicle
11415:Compressed-air vehicle
11356:Solar-powered aircraft
10886:Compressed natural gas
10813:Personal rapid transit
9991:Compressed natural gas
9884:Global EV Outlook 2022
9865:Retrieved 5 July 2023.
9852:Retrieved 5 July 2023.
9665:. pp. 1272â1277.
9106:24 August 2020 at the
8970:23 August 2020 at the
8951:29 August 2020 at the
6975:, 2022, archived from
6562:Guinness World Records
6241:Defense Industry Daily
6216:5 January 2016 at the
4909:Kirsch, David (2000).
4465:
4435:Bidirectional charging
4401:electrical receptacles
4392:
4277:
4269:
4219:
4203:instead of hours (see
4143:
4122:
4041:personal rapid transit
4032:
3866:
3854:
3778:
3697:
3600:Personal rapid transit
3342:Tidal stream generator
3203:Thermal energy storage
3123:Environmental planning
2830:25 kW(40 kW)
2674:is delivered from the
2483:
2366:
2252:
2214:the infinite range of
2200:
2127:power-to-weight ratios
2095:
2019:battery electric buses
1959:
1796:Pure-electric vehicles
1784:
1734:
1674:
1610:
1595:
1455:Plug-in hybrid vehicle
1147:electricity generation
1130:, and renewables such
1064:The production of the
1027:Sony Pictures Classics
1007:zero-emissions vehicle
982:
898:
847: – the
845:rechargeable batteries
843:. One of the earliest
797:
588:Cycling infrastructure
371:cars of the time, but
230:N700 Series Shinkansen
13183:Sustainable transport
12986:hydrogen technologies
12900:Solid waste treatment
12569:EE/FF (CCS Combo 1/2)
11769:Flexible-fuel vehicle
11697:Hydrogen-powered ship
11649:Flexible-fuel vehicle
11524:Electric kick scooter
11152:Dual motor-four-wheel
10750:Town (Coupé de Ville)
9905:at Wikimedia Commons
9324:. Inside Climate News
9297:. Scientific American
6705:Solid State Batteries
4860:pp.8â9 Batten, Chris
4460:
4387:
4331:Long-distance freight
4275:
4259:
4217:
4141:
4117:
4026:
3860:
3849:
3796:mobility as a service
3773:
3762:and about 65% of the
3734:Lithium-ion batteries
3692:
3444:Sustainable transport
3389:Floating wind turbine
3218:Zero heating building
3133:Fossil fuel phase-out
2774:through in-road rail(
2570:Tesla Roadster (2008)
2481:
2399:on a Harley LiveWire.
2352:
2331:Lunar Roving Vehicles
2245:
2230:power, fuel cells or
2195:
2082:
2035:personal transporters
1946:
1896:reduce idle emissions
1851:(ICE) system with an
1775:
1728:
1701:For electric trains,
1669:
1621:lithium-ion batteries
1608:lithium-ion batteries
1601:
1592:
1463:and electricity from
1252:Direct connection to
972:
884:
792:
638:Sustainable transport
512:Free public transport
464:Sustainable transport
443:battery electric cars
71:and help introduce a
13157:Water heat recycling
13087:Efficient energy use
13077:Conservation biology
13014:Sustainable lighting
12950:Efficient energy use
12764:Environmental Design
12734:Environmental design
12128:Locking differential
12063:Direct-shift gearbox
11894:Wind-powered vehicle
11478:Battery electric bus
11163:Engine configuration
8468:World Economic Forum
8337:. 9 September 2020.
6243:. 15 December 2008.
5077:"Net Zero Coalition"
4881:on 23 September 2015
4415:for a total of 12.5
4363:Alstom Coradia iLINT
4236:regenerative braking
3875:regenerative braking
3578:Personal transporter
3473:Wind-powered vehicle
3317:Marine current power
3223:Zero-energy building
3083:Efficient energy use
2850:overhead power lines
2743:per km roadboth ways
2327:silver-oxide battery
2303:Space rover vehicles
2293:Hall-effect thruster
2139:electric locomotives
2108:Electric locomotives
2059:all-terrain vehicles
2057:include electrified
2009:On- and off-road EVs
1972:Rechargeable battery
1888:electrical generator
1865:conventional vehicle
1739:regenerative braking
1637:environmental impact
1604:battery electric bus
1473:All-electric vehicle
1159:regenerative braking
1112:environmental impact
818:electric locomotives
702:Transport portal
537:Sustainable urbanism
244:Battery electric bus
13142:Nature conservation
13137:Land rehabilitation
13092:Energy conservation
12981:carbon-neutral fuel
12889:dispersion modeling
12413:Electric locomotive
12153:Preselector gearbox
12133:Manual transmission
11743:Natural gas vehicle
11169:internal combustion
10971:Internal combustion
10778:All-terrain vehicle
10700:Retractable hardtop
9243:. Green Car Reports
8767:2018EnPol.119..226M
8702:2023PNAS..12020923C
8645:2022ERL....17j4042X
8557:Pew Research Center
8500:. 1 February 2021.
8307:. Claverton Group.
8060:nickelinstitute.org
7719:. Paris: IEA. 2024.
7623:2018ERL....13l3001B
7466:2020EnInt.14406015C
7377:2014PNAS..11118490T
7371:(52): 18490â18495.
7318:2011PNAS..10816554M
7312:(40): 16554â16558.
7243:2023ScTEn.867p1761G
7057:Electrochimica Acta
7007:European Commission
6921:European Commission
6909:on 2 September 2021
6872:, 2 February 2021,
5550:2013JPS...226..272L
5499:2020JPS...47928708A
5317:2010EnST...44.6550N
5266:Energy Environ. Sci
5042:Bellis, M. (2006),
4824:2021NatEn...6..970T
4787:Hendry, Maurice M.
4313:battery chemistries
4309:lead-acid batteries
4167:Rare-earth metals (
3265:Carbon-neutral fuel
3193:Sustainable habitat
3048:Building insulation
3036:Energy conservation
3012:Part of a series on
2865:European Commission
2752:Overhead powerlines
2730:Type(and developer)
2726:
2660:Alternating current
2584:electric motorcycle
2355:electric motorcycle
2353:World record on an
2151:regenerative brakes
1872:regenerative brakes
1855:propulsion system (
1843:(HEV) is a type of
1758:magnetic levitation
1733:for trucks or buses
1696:alternating current
1585:Lithium-ion battery
1398:
1256:as is common among
1211:electric locomotive
1173:Electricity sources
936:National City Lines
849:nickel-iron battery
633:Road traffic safety
573:Carbon neutral fuel
387:(both gasoline and
375:due to the limited
350:electric spacecraft
214:Tûranor PlanetSolar
18:Electric powertrain
12960:Energy development
12942:Sustainable energy
12931:water purification
12895:Industrial ecology
12500:Tesla Supercharger
12299:Electric generator
12204:Wheel hub assembly
11410:Compressed-air car
11376:List of prototypes
10044:1,2-Dichloroethane
9525:. 25 January 2023.
9403:France 3 Occitanie
9005:ACS Energy Letters
8944:Korosec, Kirsten.
8834:The New York Times
8696:(3): e2220923120.
8412:on 8 February 2018
8171:. 17 August 2015.
7863:. 1 February 2023.
7170:10.1039/D0EE02681F
6955:on 21 October 2021
6472:Ulrich, Lawrence.
6381:. NASA-TN-D-2718.
6273:. 10 November 2022
6226:, 14. August 2015.
6209:Stensvold, Tore. "
6006:. 30 October 2022.
5888:on 8 February 2009
5620:large.stanford.edu
5278:10.1039/C5EE01082A
5119:The Globe and Mail
5100:Driving the Future
4583:Environment portal
4466:
4393:
4278:
4270:
4220:
4198:Improved batteries
4144:
4123:
4104:electric utilities
4033:
3985:All-electric range
3867:
3861:Cutaway view of a
3855:
3779:
3698:
3280:Geothermal heating
3108:Energy saving lamp
3018:Sustainable energy
2854:ground level power
2722:
2680:AC-to-DC converter
2597:recharging from a
2484:
2367:
2253:
2201:
2143:diesel locomotives
2116:light rail systems
2096:
1960:
1785:
1735:
1675:
1611:
1596:
1396:
983:
974:General Motors EV1
899:
841:their rail network
806:Ford Motor Company
798:
342:underwater vessels
219:solar-powered boat
69:discuss this issue
13178:Electric vehicles
13165:
13164:
13002:commercialization
12671:
12670:
12658:
12657:
12598:
12597:
12533:Type 2 (Mennekes)
12388:Electric aircraft
12374:Electric vehicles
12340:
12339:
12093:Epicyclic gearing
11962:Automotive engine
11907:
11906:
11816:Electric aircraft
11682:Fuel cell vehicle
11529:Fuel cell vehicle
11453:Electric aircraft
11385:Electric aircraft
11310:Fuel cell vehicle
11260:
11259:
10556:
10555:
10325:Compact executive
10176:
10175:
10099:Tetranitromethane
10079:Metal deactivator
10039:1,2-Dibromoethane
9901:Media related to
9780:www.schroders.com
9707:www.schroders.com
9680:978-1-5090-5963-8
9194:. 11 January 2021
9011:(10): 3268â3269.
8989:, August 28, 2020
8593:978-92-861-5535-2
7999:on 25 August 2014
7737:. 12 January 2023
7205:Our World in Data
6979:on 2 January 2023
6722:978-94-010-8786-5
6671:10.1109/62.282509
6607:www.greencars.com
6583:Jamieson, Craig.
6564:. 16 October 2017
6410:, Jan. 1988, p.78
6347:. 14 April 2015.
6037:978-0-8157-0305-1
6026:(1st. ed.).
6018:David B. Sandalow
5325:10.1021/es903729a
5311:(17): 6550â6556.
5115:"The end of Zenn"
5044:"The Early Years"
5016:978-0-444-59513-3
4937:978-1-4214-1268-9
4712:978-1-4673-3078-7
4667:978-0-8213-3444-7
4604:Wicker bench seat
4596:Electric rickshaw
4555:Technology portal
4126:Public perception
4119:Rimac Concept One
4052:net present value
3928:Energy efficiency
3922:energy resilience
3916:Energy resilience
3887:torque converters
3673:
3672:
3270:Geothermal energy
2990:
2989:
2930:
2929:
2839:
2838:
2733:Power perreceiver
2672:mains electricity
2509:Charging stations
2263:electric aircraft
2257:Electric aircraft
2131:high speed trains
2063:electric tractors
2055:Off-road vehicles
2027:electric bicycles
1986:and conventional
1900:start-stop system
1820:fuel cell vehicle
1721:Energy and motors
1530:
1529:
1491:Exclusively uses
1485:Fuel cell vehicle
1417:Exclusively uses
1340:aircraft carriers
1326:fuel cell vehicle
1161:, which recovers
1153:. Vehicles using
1043:hydrogen vehicles
959:Copenhagen Summit
921:Hiram Percy Maxim
913:Charles Kettering
868:Columbia Electric
813:storage batteries
736:
735:
479:Also relevant to:
425:mobility scooters
346:electric aircraft
316:or by converting
238:San'yo Shinkansen
195:Electric aircraft
90:
89:
16:(Redirected from
13195:
13102:Energy recycling
13023:electric vehicle
12997:Renewable energy
12971:alternative fuel
12921:sewage treatment
12905:Waste management
12868:
12759:Energy recycling
12754:Electric vehicle
12724:Clean technology
12698:
12691:
12684:
12675:
12674:
12518:
12517:
12511:
12510:
12490:Charging station
12441:
12435:
12403:Electric bicycle
12367:
12360:
12353:
12344:
12343:
12330:
12329:
12320:
12197:Wheels and tires
12168:Torque converter
11934:
11927:
11920:
11911:
11910:
11707:Hydrogen vehicle
11687:Hydrogen economy
11654:Methanol economy
11507:Electric vehicle
11458:Electric bicycle
11430:Electric battery
11328:Electric bicycle
11287:
11280:
11273:
11264:
11263:
11172:
11131:Front-four-wheel
11082:
10945:direct injection
10856:Alternative fuel
10670:Multi-stop truck
10224:
10223:
10203:
10196:
10189:
10180:
10179:
10163:MTBE controversy
9932:
9925:
9918:
9909:
9908:
9900:
9866:
9859:
9853:
9846:
9840:
9827:
9821:
9820:
9818:
9816:
9801:
9795:
9794:
9788:
9786:
9772:
9766:
9765:
9740:(6): 2654â2665.
9728:
9722:
9721:
9715:
9713:
9699:
9693:
9692:
9658:
9652:
9651:
9622:
9616:
9615:
9605:
9577:
9571:
9565:
9559:
9558:
9551:
9545:
9544:
9533:
9527:
9526:
9515:
9509:
9508:
9506:
9504:
9485:
9479:
9478:
9476:
9474:
9455:
9449:
9448:
9446:
9444:
9425:
9419:
9418:
9416:
9414:
9395:
9389:
9388:
9386:
9384:
9365:
9356:
9344:
9338:
9337:
9331:
9329:
9317:
9311:
9310:
9304:
9302:
9290:
9284:
9283:
9277:
9275:
9263:
9257:
9256:
9250:
9248:
9236:
9230:
9229:
9227:
9225:
9210:
9204:
9203:
9201:
9199:
9184:
9178:
9177:
9175:
9173:
9159:
9153:
9152:
9126:
9117:
9111:
9097:
9091:
9084:
9078:
9077:
9037:
9031:
9030:
9020:
8996:
8990:
8987:Automotive World
8962:
8956:
8942:
8936:
8935:
8933:
8931:
8908:
8902:
8901:
8883:
8859:
8853:
8852:
8850:
8848:
8825:
8819:
8818:
8816:
8814:
8795:
8789:
8788:
8778:
8746:
8740:
8739:
8729:
8681:
8675:
8674:
8656:
8624:
8618:
8617:
8604:
8598:
8597:
8577:
8568:
8567:
8565:
8563:
8548:
8542:
8541:
8539:
8537:
8523:
8514:
8513:
8511:
8509:
8490:
8484:
8483:
8481:
8479:
8459:
8453:
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8450:
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8428:
8422:
8421:
8419:
8417:
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8392:
8391:
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8387:
8365:
8357:
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8350:
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8327:
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8320:
8318:
8316:
8300:
8294:
8293:
8291:
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8274:
8268:
8267:
8265:
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8252:
8246:
8245:
8243:
8241:
8221:
8215:
8214:
8212:
8210:
8191:
8185:
8184:
8182:
8180:
8161:
8155:
8154:
8142:
8136:
8135:
8133:
8131:
8112:
8106:
8105:
8103:
8101:
8082:
8076:
8075:
8073:
8071:
8052:
8046:
8045:
8043:
8041:
8035:
8024:
8015:
8009:
8008:
8006:
8004:
7989:
7983:
7982:
7980:
7978:
7967:
7961:
7960:
7958:
7956:
7951:on 19 March 2011
7941:
7932:
7931:
7929:
7921:
7915:
7914:
7904:
7880:
7874:
7871:
7865:
7864:
7851:
7845:
7844:
7833:
7827:
7826:
7815:
7809:
7808:
7807:. 14 March 2024.
7797:
7791:
7790:
7778:
7772:
7771:
7769:
7767:
7753:
7747:
7746:
7744:
7742:
7727:
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7713:
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7690:
7681:
7680:
7651:
7645:
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7634:
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7593:
7592:
7590:
7588:
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7398:
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7356:
7350:
7349:
7339:
7329:
7297:
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7290:
7272:
7254:
7222:
7216:
7215:
7213:
7211:
7197:
7191:
7190:
7172:
7162:
7153:(4): 1635â1651.
7138:
7132:
7131:
7129:
7127:
7112:
7106:
7105:
7103:
7101:
7086:
7073:
7072:
7063:(2â3): 833â835.
7051:
7045:
7044:
7042:
7031:
7025:
7024:
7023:
7021:
7015:
7004:
6994:
6988:
6987:
6986:
6984:
6963:
6957:
6956:
6954:
6948:, archived from
6947:
6936:
6930:
6929:
6923:(14 July 2021),
6917:
6911:
6910:
6908:
6901:
6891:
6885:
6884:
6883:
6881:
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6845:
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6824:
6813:
6798:
6797:
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6740:
6734:
6733:
6731:
6729:
6696:
6690:
6689:
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6643:
6641:
6639:
6624:
6618:
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6580:
6574:
6573:
6571:
6569:
6554:
6548:
6547:
6545:
6543:
6528:
6522:
6521:
6520:. November 2021.
6514:
6508:
6507:
6499:
6493:
6492:
6484:
6478:
6477:
6476:. IEEE Spectrum.
6469:
6463:
6462:
6460:
6458:
6443:
6437:
6436:
6434:
6432:
6417:
6411:
6404:
6398:
6397:
6395:
6393:
6387:
6376:
6367:
6361:
6360:
6358:
6356:
6341:
6335:
6334:
6332:
6330:
6315:
6309:
6308:
6306:
6304:
6289:
6283:
6282:
6280:
6278:
6263:
6257:
6256:
6254:
6252:
6233:
6227:
6207:
6201:
6200:
6198:
6196:
6177:
6171:
6170:
6169:on 27 July 2011.
6155:
6149:
6148:
6146:
6144:
6138:
6127:
6119:
6113:
6112:
6110:
6108:
6103:on 27 March 2012
6099:. Archived from
6089:
6083:
6082:
6080:
6078:
6063:
6057:
6053:
6051:
6049:
6030:. pp. 2â5.
6014:
6008:
6007:
5996:
5990:
5989:
5981:
5975:
5974:
5972:
5970:
5959:
5953:
5952:
5940:
5931:
5930:
5918:
5912:
5911:
5904:
5898:
5897:
5895:
5893:
5878:
5872:
5871:
5869:
5867:
5862:on 25 March 2012
5852:
5846:
5845:
5835:
5811:
5805:
5804:
5802:
5800:
5780:
5774:
5773:
5771:
5769:
5760:. 21 June 2018.
5754:
5748:
5747:
5745:
5743:
5729:
5723:
5722:
5720:
5718:
5702:
5696:
5695:
5693:
5691:
5672:
5666:
5665:
5663:
5661:
5642:
5636:
5635:
5633:
5631:
5611:
5605:
5604:
5576:
5570:
5569:
5533:
5527:
5526:
5477:
5471:
5470:
5458:
5452:
5451:
5446:. 21 July 2022.
5440:
5431:
5430:
5428:
5404:
5398:
5397:
5377:
5371:
5370:
5368:
5366:
5351:
5345:
5344:
5296:
5290:
5289:
5272:(7): 1969â1985.
5261:
5255:
5254:
5226:
5220:
5219:
5217:
5215:
5196:10.1039/c001674h
5175:
5169:
5168:
5163:. BloombergNEF.
5155:
5149:
5148:
5137:
5131:
5130:
5128:
5126:
5110:
5104:
5103:
5095:
5089:
5088:
5086:
5084:
5079:. United Nations
5073:
5067:
5066:
5065:
5063:
5039:
5033:
5032:
5030:
5028:
5000:
4994:
4993:
4985:
4979:
4978:
4977:
4975:
4958:
4952:
4948:
4942:
4941:
4921:
4915:
4914:
4906:
4900:
4897:
4891:
4890:
4888:
4886:
4871:
4865:
4858:
4852:
4851:
4803:
4794:
4792:
4784:
4778:
4777:
4775:
4773:
4758:
4752:
4751:
4749:
4747:
4731:
4725:
4724:
4697:. pp. 1â6.
4690:
4684:
4683:
4681:
4679:
4651:
4585:
4580:
4579:
4571:
4566:
4565:
4564:
4557:
4552:
4551:
4543:
4538:
4537:
4529:
4524:
4523:
4425:level 1 charging
4421:level 2 charging
4407:outlets provide
4159:nitrogen dioxide
3665:
3658:
3651:
3638:
3634:
3633:
3624:
3619:
3618:
3456:Electric vehicle
3305:Run-of-the-river
3290:Hydroelectricity
3275:Geothermal power
3236:Renewable energy
3188:Sustainable city
3163:Low-energy house
3103:Energy recycling
3028:
3009:
3008:
2985:
2982:
2964:
2957:
2947:
2943:
2925:
2922:
2904:
2897:
2856:through rail or
2846:dynamic charging
2736:
2727:
2721:
2718:Dynamic charging
2710:, technically a
2708:zincâair battery
2697:battery swapping
2691:Battery swapping
2629:electrical power
2618:charging station
2559:
2550:
2539:
2530:
2516:Charging station
2442:fork-lift trucks
2426:motor controller
2247:Mars helicopter
2232:Stirling engines
1818:) or fuel cell (
1814:), solar panel (
1711:induction motors
1707:universal motors
1522:
1515:
1508:
1399:
1395:
1228:
1206:
1188:
1167:friction braking
1143:carbon footprint
1100:
1088:
909:electric starter
887:charging station
872:Detroit Electric
779:Thomas Davenport
728:
721:
714:
700:
699:
628:Public transport
593:Electric vehicle
578:Complete streets
568:Bicycle-friendly
532:Sustainable city
527:Renewable energy
474:
452:
451:
449:until the 2010s.
310:collector system
298:electric vehicle
277:
226:high speed train
171:
162:
151:
142:
131:
122:
111:
102:
85:
82:
76:
49:
48:
41:
21:
13203:
13202:
13198:
13197:
13196:
13194:
13193:
13192:
13168:
13167:
13166:
13161:
13122:Green computing
13097:Energy recovery
13033:
12965:Energy recovery
12955:Electrification
12936:
12882:Air pollution (
12869:
12860:
12707:
12702:
12672:
12667:
12654:
12594:
12578:
12542:
12509:
12505:Vehicle-to-grid
12478:
12442:
12436:
12427:
12376:
12371:
12341:
12336:
12308:
12277:
12192:
12188:Universal joint
12118:Hotchkiss drive
12009:
11956:
11943:
11938:
11908:
11903:
11884:Wave power ship
11874:Ram air turbine
11857:
11825:
11764:Bi-fuel vehicle
11752:
11716:
11668:
11592:
11432:
11424:
11401:
11400:Compressed-air
11394:
11337:
11314:
11296:
11291:
11261:
11256:
11233:
11204:Single-cylinder
11166:
11165:
11157:
11145:Rear-four-wheel
11096:Front mid-front
11080:
11079:
11071:
11049:Engine position
11043:
10990:
10976:Liquid nitrogen
10842:
10770:
10764:
10552:
10494:
10453:
10400:
10386:Crossover (CUV)
10367:
10339:
10311:
10273:
10213:
10207:
10177:
10172:
10168:Pay at the pump
10144:
10103:
10074:Ethylenediamine
10015:
9956:Gasoline/petrol
9944:
9936:
9894:
9889:
9875:
9873:Further reading
9870:
9869:
9863:Reuters website
9860:
9856:
9850:Reuters website
9847:
9843:
9837:Wayback Machine
9828:
9824:
9814:
9812:
9803:
9802:
9798:
9784:
9782:
9774:
9773:
9769:
9729:
9725:
9711:
9709:
9701:
9700:
9696:
9681:
9659:
9655:
9628:Ad Hoc Networks
9623:
9619:
9578:
9574:
9566:
9562:
9553:
9552:
9548:
9535:
9534:
9530:
9523:pv magazine USA
9517:
9516:
9512:
9502:
9500:
9487:
9486:
9482:
9472:
9470:
9457:
9456:
9452:
9442:
9440:
9427:
9426:
9422:
9412:
9410:
9397:
9396:
9392:
9382:
9380:
9367:
9366:
9359:
9345:
9341:
9327:
9325:
9318:
9314:
9300:
9298:
9291:
9287:
9273:
9271:
9264:
9260:
9246:
9244:
9237:
9233:
9223:
9221:
9211:
9207:
9197:
9195:
9186:
9185:
9181:
9171:
9169:
9161:
9160:
9156:
9124:
9118:
9114:
9108:Wayback Machine
9099:Lambert, Fred.
9098:
9094:
9086:Patel, Prachi.
9085:
9081:
9038:
9034:
8997:
8993:
8983:Wayback Machine
8972:Wayback Machine
8963:
8959:
8955:, July 30, 2020
8953:Wayback Machine
8943:
8939:
8929:
8927:
8917:Washington Post
8909:
8905:
8860:
8856:
8846:
8844:
8826:
8822:
8812:
8810:
8805:. 24 May 2021.
8797:
8796:
8792:
8747:
8743:
8682:
8678:
8625:
8621:
8606:
8605:
8601:
8594:
8578:
8571:
8561:
8559:
8549:
8545:
8535:
8533:
8525:
8524:
8517:
8507:
8505:
8492:
8491:
8487:
8477:
8475:
8460:
8456:
8446:
8444:
8429:
8425:
8415:
8413:
8400:
8399:
8395:
8385:
8383:
8358:
8354:
8344:
8342:
8329:
8328:
8324:
8314:
8312:
8301:
8297:
8287:
8285:
8276:
8275:
8271:
8261:
8259:
8254:
8253:
8249:
8239:
8237:
8222:
8218:
8208:
8206:
8193:
8192:
8188:
8178:
8176:
8163:
8162:
8158:
8143:
8139:
8129:
8127:
8114:
8113:
8109:
8099:
8097:
8084:
8083:
8079:
8069:
8067:
8054:
8053:
8049:
8039:
8037:
8033:
8022:
8016:
8012:
8002:
8000:
7991:
7990:
7986:
7976:
7974:
7969:
7968:
7964:
7954:
7952:
7943:
7942:
7935:
7927:
7923:
7922:
7918:
7881:
7877:
7872:
7868:
7853:
7852:
7848:
7843:. 16 July 2024.
7835:
7834:
7830:
7825:. 15 July 2024.
7817:
7816:
7812:
7799:
7798:
7794:
7779:
7775:
7765:
7763:
7755:
7754:
7750:
7740:
7738:
7729:
7728:
7724:
7715:
7714:
7710:
7700:Wayback Machine
7691:
7684:
7652:
7648:
7603:
7596:
7586:
7584:
7571:
7570:
7566:
7556:
7554:
7549:. 18 May 2020.
7545:
7544:
7540:
7503:
7499:
7446:
7442:
7432:
7430:
7417:
7416:
7412:
7357:
7353:
7298:
7294:
7223:
7219:
7209:
7207:
7199:
7198:
7194:
7139:
7135:
7125:
7123:
7114:
7113:
7109:
7099:
7097:
7096:. 26 April 2023
7088:
7087:
7076:
7052:
7048:
7040:
7032:
7028:
7019:
7017:
7016:on 8 April 2022
7013:
7002:
6996:
6995:
6991:
6982:
6980:
6965:
6964:
6960:
6952:
6945:
6937:
6933:
6918:
6914:
6906:
6899:
6893:
6892:
6888:
6879:
6877:
6862:
6861:
6848:
6839:
6837:
6833:
6822:
6814:
6801:
6791:
6789:
6787:
6771:
6767:
6757:
6755:
6742:
6741:
6737:
6727:
6725:
6723:
6697:
6693:
6683:
6681:
6651:
6647:
6637:
6635:
6625:
6621:
6611:
6609:
6601:
6600:
6596:
6581:
6577:
6567:
6565:
6556:
6555:
6551:
6541:
6539:
6529:
6525:
6516:
6515:
6511:
6500:
6496:
6487:Doll, Scooter.
6485:
6481:
6470:
6466:
6456:
6454:
6445:
6444:
6440:
6430:
6428:
6419:
6418:
6414:
6405:
6401:
6391:
6389:
6385:
6374:
6368:
6364:
6354:
6352:
6343:
6342:
6338:
6328:
6326:
6325:. 11 March 2024
6317:
6316:
6312:
6302:
6300:
6298:Offshore Energy
6290:
6286:
6276:
6274:
6265:
6264:
6260:
6250:
6248:
6235:
6234:
6230:
6223:Teknisk Ukeblad
6218:Wayback Machine
6208:
6204:
6194:
6192:
6179:
6178:
6174:
6157:
6156:
6152:
6142:
6140:
6136:
6125:
6121:
6120:
6116:
6106:
6104:
6091:
6090:
6086:
6076:
6074:
6073:on 20 June 2010
6065:
6064:
6060:
6047:
6045:
6038:
6015:
6011:
5998:
5997:
5993:
5988:. autoweek.com.
5982:
5978:
5968:
5966:
5961:
5960:
5956:
5941:
5934:
5919:
5915:
5906:
5905:
5901:
5891:
5889:
5880:
5879:
5875:
5865:
5863:
5854:
5853:
5849:
5812:
5808:
5798:
5796:
5781:
5777:
5767:
5765:
5756:
5755:
5751:
5741:
5739:
5731:
5730:
5726:
5716:
5714:
5703:
5699:
5689:
5687:
5674:
5673:
5669:
5659:
5657:
5650:afdc.energy.gov
5644:
5643:
5639:
5629:
5627:
5612:
5608:
5577:
5573:
5534:
5530:
5478:
5474:
5459:
5455:
5442:
5441:
5434:
5413:Materials Today
5405:
5401:
5378:
5374:
5364:
5362:
5353:
5352:
5348:
5297:
5293:
5262:
5258:
5227:
5223:
5213:
5211:
5176:
5172:
5156:
5152:
5139:
5138:
5134:
5124:
5122:
5111:
5107:
5096:
5092:
5082:
5080:
5075:
5074:
5070:
5061:
5059:
5040:
5036:
5026:
5024:
5017:
5001:
4997:
4986:
4982:
4973:
4971:
4960:
4959:
4955:
4949:
4945:
4938:
4922:
4918:
4907:
4903:
4898:
4894:
4884:
4882:
4873:
4872:
4868:
4859:
4855:
4818:(10): 970â976.
4804:
4797:
4785:
4781:
4771:
4769:
4760:
4759:
4755:
4745:
4743:
4732:
4728:
4713:
4691:
4687:
4677:
4675:
4668:
4652:
4648:
4643:
4638:
4581:
4574:
4567:
4562:
4560:
4553:
4546:
4539:
4532:
4525:
4518:
4515:
4502:
4483:demand response
4479:vehicle-to-grid
4462:Vehicle-to-grid
4455:
4446:
4437:
4382:
4380:NEMA connectors
4376:
4355:diesel-electric
4347:
4345:Hydrogen trains
4342:
4341:
4253:
4245:
4243:Electric trucks
4232:supercapacitors
4228:
4205:recharging time
4200:
4192:deep sea mining
4155:
4149:
4128:
4112:
4088:
4082:
4076:
4064:
4056:Blackpool trams
4021:
4004:
3991:
3983:Main articles:
3981:
3961:lifecycle costs
3953:
3930:
3918:
3844:
3835:
3736:
3687:
3669:
3628:
3627:
3614:
3607:
3606:
3446:
3436:
3435:
3238:
3228:
3227:
3213:Waste-to-energy
3168:Microgeneration
3098:Energy recovery
3038:
3007:
2986:
2980:
2977:
2970:needs expansion
2955:
2945:
2941:
2926:
2920:
2917:
2910:needs expansion
2895:
2889:
2884:
2821:inductive coils
2819:through in-road
2734:
2720:
2693:
2688:
2687:
2641:electric trucks
2631:for recharging
2614:
2613:
2612:
2611:
2562:
2561:
2560:
2552:
2551:
2542:
2541:
2540:
2532:
2531:
2519:
2511:
2502:
2497:
2476:
2470:
2450:
2414:
2409:
2397:Michel von Tell
2359:Michel von Tell
2347:
2311:
2305:
2277:
2271:
2259:
2240:
2190:
2176:
2166:There are also
2155:electrical grid
2118:, and electric
2102:or electrified
2077:
2071:
2023:electric trucks
2011:
2002:
1996:
1941:
1931:
1925:
1908:parallel hybrid
1904:
1903:
1892:motorâgenerator
1836:
1828:
1808:
1798:
1793:
1791:Ground vehicles
1770:
1723:
1703:forklift trucks
1681:
1664:
1617:
1587:
1540:Chemical energy
1526:
1496:
1487:
1475:
1462:
1457:
1448:
1443:
1434:
1429:
1421:or other fuel.
1413:
1394:
1392:Onboard storage
1372:nuclear reactor
1315:dieselâelectric
1310:
1296:
1258:electric trains
1249:
1244:
1243:
1242:
1241:
1240:
1229:
1220:
1219:
1218:
1207:
1198:
1197:
1196:
1189:
1175:
1151:supercapacitors
1108:
1107:
1106:
1105:
1104:
1101:
1093:
1092:
1089:
1078:
1039:U.S. government
967:
965:Experimentation
826:forklift trucks
822:platform trucks
783:Robert Davidson
767:Robert Anderson
751:
745:
732:
694:
618:Pedestrian zone
542:Transit village
447:consumer market
439:mass production
409:electric trains
369:gasoline engine
361:electrification
328:. EVs include
294:
293:
292:
291:
275:
203:circumnavigated
199:Solar Impulse 2
174:
173:
172:
164:
163:
154:
153:
152:
144:
143:
134:
133:
132:
124:
123:
114:
113:
112:
104:
103:
86:
80:
77:
75:to the article.
66:
61:, specifically
50:
46:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
13201:
13191:
13190:
13185:
13180:
13163:
13162:
13160:
13159:
13154:
13149:
13144:
13139:
13134:
13129:
13124:
13119:
13114:
13109:
13104:
13099:
13094:
13089:
13084:
13079:
13074:
13068:
13063:
13058:
13053:
13048:
13041:
13039:
13035:
13034:
13032:
13031:
13028:hybrid vehicle
13025:
13019:Transportation
13016:
13011:
13010:
13009:
13004:
12994:
12989:
12983:
12978:
12973:
12967:
12962:
12957:
12952:
12946:
12944:
12938:
12937:
12935:
12934:
12928:
12923:
12918:
12913:
12907:
12902:
12897:
12892:
12886:
12879:
12877:
12871:
12870:
12863:
12861:
12859:
12858:
12852:
12847:
12842:
12837:
12832:
12827:
12822:
12817:
12812:
12806:
12801:
12799:Sustainability
12796:
12791:
12786:
12781:
12779:Green building
12776:
12771:
12766:
12761:
12756:
12751:
12746:
12744:Eco-innovation
12741:
12736:
12731:
12726:
12721:
12715:
12713:
12709:
12708:
12701:
12700:
12693:
12686:
12678:
12669:
12668:
12663:
12660:
12659:
12656:
12655:
12653:
12652:
12647:
12642:
12637:
12632:
12627:
12622:
12617:
12612:
12606:
12604:
12600:
12599:
12596:
12595:
12593:
12592:
12586:
12584:
12580:
12579:
12577:
12576:
12571:
12566:
12561:
12556:
12550:
12548:
12544:
12543:
12541:
12540:
12538:Type 3 (Scame)
12535:
12530:
12524:
12522:
12515:
12508:
12507:
12502:
12497:
12486:
12484:
12480:
12479:
12477:
12476:
12471:
12466:
12461:
12456:
12450:
12448:
12444:
12443:
12430:
12428:
12426:
12425:
12423:Electric truck
12420:
12415:
12410:
12405:
12400:
12395:
12390:
12384:
12382:
12378:
12377:
12370:
12369:
12362:
12355:
12347:
12338:
12337:
12335:
12334:
12324:
12313:
12310:
12309:
12307:
12306:
12301:
12296:
12291:
12289:Electric motor
12285:
12283:
12279:
12278:
12276:
12275:
12274:
12273:
12268:
12263:
12258:
12253:
12248:
12243:
12238:
12228:
12227:
12226:
12221:
12216:
12206:
12200:
12198:
12194:
12193:
12191:
12190:
12185:
12180:
12175:
12170:
12165:
12160:
12155:
12150:
12145:
12140:
12135:
12130:
12125:
12120:
12115:
12110:
12105:
12103:Friction drive
12100:
12098:Fluid coupling
12095:
12090:
12085:
12080:
12075:
12070:
12065:
12060:
12055:
12050:
12045:
12040:
12035:
12030:
12025:
12019:
12017:
12011:
12010:
12008:
12007:
12002:
11997:
11992:
11989:Plug-in hybrid
11982:
11977:
11972:
11966:
11964:
11958:
11957:
11948:
11945:
11944:
11937:
11936:
11929:
11922:
11914:
11905:
11904:
11902:
11901:
11896:
11891:
11886:
11881:
11876:
11871:
11865:
11863:
11859:
11858:
11856:
11855:
11848:
11841:
11833:
11831:
11827:
11826:
11824:
11823:
11818:
11813:
11812:
11811:
11806:
11796:
11794:Plug-in hybrid
11791:
11786:
11784:Hybrid vehicle
11781:
11776:
11771:
11766:
11760:
11758:
11754:
11753:
11751:
11750:
11745:
11740:
11735:
11730:
11724:
11722:
11718:
11717:
11715:
11714:
11709:
11704:
11702:Hydrogen train
11699:
11694:
11689:
11684:
11678:
11676:
11670:
11669:
11667:
11666:
11661:
11656:
11651:
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11605:
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11591:
11590:
11589:
11588:
11583:
11578:
11568:
11563:
11562:
11561:
11551:
11546:
11541:
11536:
11531:
11526:
11521:
11516:
11515:
11514:
11504:
11499:
11497:Electric truck
11494:
11493:
11492:
11482:
11481:
11480:
11470:
11465:
11460:
11455:
11450:
11445:
11439:
11437:
11426:
11425:
11423:
11422:
11417:
11412:
11406:
11404:
11396:
11395:
11393:
11392:
11387:
11382:
11381:
11380:
11379:
11378:
11368:
11363:
11358:
11347:
11345:
11339:
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11330:
11324:
11322:
11316:
11315:
11313:
11312:
11306:
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11298:
11297:
11290:
11289:
11282:
11275:
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11258:
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11249:
11244:
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11235:
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11226:
11221:
11216:
11211:
11206:
11201:
11196:
11191:
11186:
11181:
11175:
11173:
11159:
11158:
11156:
11155:
11148:
11141:
11138:Mid-four-wheel
11134:
11127:
11120:
11113:
11106:
11099:
11092:
11085:
11083:
11073:
11072:
11070:
11069:
11064:
11059:
11053:
11051:
11045:
11044:
11042:
11041:
11036:
11031:
11026:
11021:
11016:
11011:
11006:
11000:
10998:
10992:
10991:
10989:
10988:
10983:
10978:
10973:
10968:
10963:
10953:
10948:
10938:
10933:
10928:
10923:
10918:
10908:
10902:
10893:
10888:
10883:
10878:
10873:
10868:
10863:
10858:
10852:
10850:
10844:
10843:
10841:
10840:
10835:
10830:
10825:
10820:
10815:
10810:
10805:
10800:
10795:
10790:
10785:
10780:
10774:
10772:
10766:
10765:
10763:
10762:
10757:
10752:
10747:
10742:
10737:
10732:
10727:
10725:Shooting brake
10722:
10717:
10715:Saloon / Sedan
10712:
10707:
10702:
10697:
10692:
10687:
10682:
10677:
10672:
10667:
10662:
10657:
10652:
10647:
10642:
10637:
10632:
10627:
10622:
10617:
10612:
10607:
10602:
10597:
10592:
10587:
10582:
10577:
10572:
10566:
10564:
10558:
10557:
10554:
10553:
10551:
10550:
10545:
10540:
10535:
10530:
10525:
10520:
10515:
10510:
10504:
10502:
10496:
10495:
10493:
10492:
10487:
10482:
10477:
10472:
10467:
10461:
10459:
10455:
10454:
10452:
10451:
10446:
10441:
10436:
10431:
10426:
10421:
10416:
10410:
10408:
10402:
10401:
10399:
10398:
10393:
10388:
10383:
10377:
10375:
10369:
10368:
10366:
10365:
10360:
10355:
10349:
10347:
10341:
10340:
10338:
10337:
10332:
10327:
10321:
10319:
10313:
10312:
10310:
10309:
10304:
10299:
10294:
10289:
10283:
10281:
10275:
10274:
10272:
10271:
10266:
10261:
10256:
10251:
10246:
10241:
10236:
10230:
10228:
10221:
10219:Classification
10215:
10214:
10206:
10205:
10198:
10191:
10183:
10174:
10173:
10171:
10170:
10165:
10160:
10154:
10152:
10146:
10145:
10143:
10142:
10137:
10132:
10127:
10122:
10117:
10111:
10109:
10105:
10104:
10102:
10101:
10096:
10094:Tetraethyllead
10091:
10086:
10081:
10076:
10071:
10066:
10061:
10056:
10051:
10046:
10041:
10036:
10031:
10025:
10023:
10021:Fuel additives
10017:
10016:
10014:
10013:
10008:
10003:
9998:
9993:
9988:
9983:
9978:
9973:
9968:
9963:
9958:
9952:
9950:
9946:
9945:
9935:
9934:
9927:
9920:
9912:
9893:
9892:External links
9890:
9888:
9887:
9876:
9874:
9871:
9868:
9867:
9854:
9841:
9822:
9796:
9767:
9723:
9694:
9679:
9653:
9617:
9572:
9560:
9546:
9528:
9510:
9480:
9450:
9435:(in Spanish).
9420:
9390:
9357:
9351:autoview.co.kr
9339:
9312:
9285:
9258:
9231:
9205:
9179:
9167:Transport Dive
9154:
9112:
9092:
9079:
9032:
8991:
8957:
8937:
8903:
8854:
8820:
8790:
8741:
8676:
8639:(10): 104042.
8619:
8599:
8592:
8569:
8543:
8515:
8485:
8454:
8423:
8393:
8352:
8335:Live Blackpool
8322:
8295:
8269:
8258:. 26 July 2023
8247:
8216:
8186:
8156:
8137:
8107:
8077:
8047:
8010:
7984:
7962:
7933:
7925:"Better Place"
7916:
7875:
7866:
7846:
7841:Deutsche Welle
7828:
7810:
7792:
7773:
7748:
7722:
7708:
7682:
7646:
7617:(12): 123001.
7594:
7564:
7538:
7517:(4): 443â448.
7497:
7440:
7410:
7351:
7292:
7217:
7192:
7133:
7107:
7074:
7046:
7026:
6989:
6958:
6931:
6912:
6886:
6846:
6799:
6785:
6765:
6735:
6721:
6691:
6645:
6619:
6594:
6591:. BBC Studios.
6575:
6549:
6523:
6509:
6502:Addow, Amina.
6494:
6479:
6464:
6438:
6412:
6408:Car and Driver
6399:
6362:
6336:
6310:
6284:
6258:
6228:
6202:
6172:
6150:
6114:
6084:
6058:
6036:
6020:, ed. (2009).
6009:
5991:
5976:
5954:
5932:
5913:
5899:
5873:
5847:
5806:
5789:Car and Driver
5775:
5749:
5724:
5697:
5667:
5637:
5606:
5571:
5528:
5472:
5453:
5432:
5419:(2): 109â123.
5399:
5372:
5346:
5291:
5256:
5221:
5170:
5150:
5132:
5105:
5090:
5068:
5034:
5015:
4995:
4980:
4953:
4943:
4936:
4916:
4901:
4892:
4866:
4853:
4795:
4779:
4753:
4742:on 4 July 2021
4726:
4711:
4685:
4666:
4645:
4644:
4642:
4639:
4637:
4634:
4633:
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4605:
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4593:
4587:
4586:
4572:
4558:
4544:
4530:
4514:
4511:
4501:
4498:
4454:
4451:
4449:others empty.
4445:
4442:
4436:
4433:
4375:
4372:
4346:
4343:
4282:electric truck
4262:Renault Midlum
4254:
4250:Electric truck
4246:
4244:
4241:
4227:
4224:
4199:
4196:
4148:
4145:
4127:
4124:
4111:
4108:
4078:Main article:
4075:
4072:
4063:
4060:
4020:
4017:
4003:
4002:Heating of EVs
4000:
3980:
3977:
3952:
3949:
3938:well to-wheels
3934:tank-to-wheels
3929:
3926:
3917:
3914:
3899:warning sounds
3843:
3840:
3834:
3833:Socio-economic
3831:
3735:
3732:
3694:Learning curve
3671:
3670:
3668:
3667:
3660:
3653:
3645:
3642:
3641:
3640:
3639:
3625:
3609:
3608:
3605:
3604:
3603:
3602:
3592:
3591:
3590:
3583:Rail transport
3580:
3575:
3574:
3573:
3568:
3563:
3558:
3556:Roller skating
3553:
3552:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3529:Cycle rickshaw
3526:
3516:
3511:
3501:
3500:
3499:
3494:
3493:
3492:
3485:Human-electric
3480:Hybrid vehicle
3477:
3476:
3475:
3470:
3465:
3464:
3463:
3447:
3442:
3441:
3438:
3437:
3434:
3433:
3432:
3431:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3411:
3406:
3401:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3359:Renewable heat
3356:
3351:
3346:
3345:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3313:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3292:
3282:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3251:
3250:
3239:
3234:
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3229:
3226:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3148:Green building
3145:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3125:
3120:
3118:Energy storage
3115:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3055:
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3034:
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3029:
3021:
3020:
3014:
3013:
3006:
3003:
2988:
2987:
2967:
2965:
2954:
2951:
2928:
2927:
2907:
2905:
2891:Main article:
2888:
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2837:
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2828:
2813:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2804:
2792:
2791:
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2786:
2783:
2768:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2759:
2748:
2747:
2744:
2737:
2731:
2719:
2716:
2704:energy density
2692:
2689:
2664:direct current
2645:electric buses
2627:that supplies
2610:
2609:
2606:Toyota Priuses
2602:
2591:
2581:Brammo Empulse
2577:
2564:
2563:
2554:
2553:
2545:
2544:
2543:
2534:
2533:
2525:
2524:
2523:
2522:
2521:
2520:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:fossil fuels.
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2472:Main article:
2469:
2466:
2449:
2448:Energy sources
2446:
2422:traction motor
2420:, the type of
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2404:
2403:
2400:
2393:
2390:
2387:
2380:
2377:
2374:
2346:
2343:
2323:Apollo program
2307:Main article:
2304:
2301:
2273:Main article:
2270:
2267:
2255:Main article:
2239:
2236:
2204:Electric boats
2175:
2172:
2129:. This allows
2100:overhead lines
2073:Main article:
2070:
2067:
2015:electric buses
2010:
2007:
2000:Range extender
1995:
1992:
1935:Plug-in hybrid
1927:Main article:
1924:
1921:
1912:Series hybrids
1884:supercapacitor
1876:kinetic energy
1845:hybrid vehicle
1837:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1769:
1766:
1722:
1719:
1692:direct current
1679:Traction motor
1677:Main article:
1671:Electric truck
1663:
1662:Electric motor
1660:
1625:energy density
1613:Main article:
1586:
1583:
1566:
1565:
1564:
1563:
1557:
1551:
1528:
1527:
1525:
1524:
1517:
1510:
1502:
1499:
1498:
1489:
1481:
1480:
1477:
1469:
1468:
1459:
1451:
1450:
1445:
1437:
1436:
1431:
1423:
1422:
1415:
1407:
1406:
1403:
1393:
1390:
1364:
1363:
1360:
1353:
1352:
1342:
1332:nuclear energy
1328:
1318:
1308:Hybrid vehicle
1295:
1292:
1291:
1290:
1281:
1270:overhead lines
1254:electric grids
1248:
1245:
1230:
1223:
1222:
1221:
1208:
1201:
1200:
1199:
1190:
1183:
1182:
1181:
1180:
1179:
1174:
1171:
1163:kinetic energy
1132:as solar power
1102:
1095:
1094:
1090:
1083:
1082:
1081:
1080:
1079:
1077:
1076:Reintroduction
1074:
1017:
1016:
1013:
1010:
966:
963:
940:General Motors
934:In the 1930s,
876:Woodrow Wilson
864:Baker Electric
747:Main article:
744:
741:
734:
733:
731:
730:
723:
716:
708:
705:
704:
691:
690:
689:
688:
683:
675:
674:
668:
667:
666:
665:
660:
655:
650:
645:
640:
635:
630:
625:
623:Plug-in hybrid
620:
615:
610:
605:
600:
595:
590:
585:
580:
575:
570:
565:
563:15-minute city
557:
556:
552:
551:
550:
549:
544:
539:
534:
529:
524:
519:
514:
509:
504:
499:
497:Climate change
494:
489:
481:
480:
476:
475:
467:
466:
460:
459:
457:sustainability
455:A subtopic of
407:vehicles like
389:diesel engines
377:energy storage
359:brought forth
338:electric boats
290:
289:
279:
264:Electric truck
261:
255:
241:
222:
206:
192:
176:
175:
166:
165:
157:
156:
155:
146:
145:
137:
136:
135:
126:
125:
117:
116:
115:
106:
105:
97:
96:
95:
94:
93:
88:
87:
53:
51:
44:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
13200:
13189:
13186:
13184:
13181:
13179:
13176:
13175:
13173:
13158:
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13153:
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13140:
13138:
13135:
13133:
13130:
13128:
13125:
13123:
13120:
13118:
13115:
13113:
13110:
13108:
13105:
13103:
13100:
13098:
13095:
13093:
13090:
13088:
13085:
13083:
13080:
13078:
13075:
13072:
13071:New Classical
13069:
13067:
13064:
13062:
13059:
13057:
13054:
13052:
13049:
13047:
13043:
13042:
13040:
13036:
13029:
13026:
13024:
13020:
13017:
13015:
13012:
13008:
13005:
13003:
13000:
12999:
12998:
12995:
12993:
12990:
12987:
12984:
12982:
12979:
12977:
12974:
12972:
12968:
12966:
12963:
12961:
12958:
12956:
12953:
12951:
12948:
12947:
12945:
12943:
12939:
12932:
12929:
12927:
12924:
12922:
12919:
12917:
12914:
12912:
12908:
12906:
12903:
12901:
12898:
12896:
12893:
12890:
12887:
12885:
12881:
12880:
12878:
12876:
12872:
12867:
12856:
12853:
12851:
12848:
12846:
12845:refurbishment
12843:
12841:
12838:
12836:
12833:
12831:
12828:
12826:
12823:
12821:
12818:
12816:
12813:
12811:
12808:Sustainable (
12807:
12805:
12802:
12800:
12797:
12795:
12792:
12790:
12787:
12785:
12784:Green vehicle
12782:
12780:
12777:
12775:
12772:
12770:
12767:
12765:
12762:
12760:
12757:
12755:
12752:
12750:
12749:Ecotechnology
12747:
12745:
12742:
12740:
12737:
12735:
12732:
12730:
12727:
12725:
12722:
12720:
12717:
12716:
12714:
12710:
12706:
12699:
12694:
12692:
12687:
12685:
12680:
12679:
12676:
12666:
12661:
12651:
12648:
12646:
12643:
12641:
12638:
12636:
12633:
12631:
12628:
12626:
12623:
12621:
12618:
12616:
12613:
12611:
12608:
12607:
12605:
12601:
12591:
12588:
12587:
12585:
12581:
12575:
12572:
12570:
12567:
12565:
12562:
12560:
12557:
12555:
12552:
12551:
12549:
12545:
12539:
12536:
12534:
12531:
12529:
12526:
12525:
12523:
12519:
12516:
12512:
12506:
12503:
12501:
12498:
12495:
12491:
12488:
12487:
12485:
12481:
12475:
12472:
12470:
12467:
12465:
12462:
12460:
12457:
12455:
12452:
12451:
12449:
12445:
12440:
12434:
12424:
12421:
12419:
12416:
12414:
12411:
12409:
12406:
12404:
12401:
12399:
12398:Electric boat
12396:
12394:
12391:
12389:
12386:
12385:
12383:
12379:
12375:
12368:
12363:
12361:
12356:
12354:
12349:
12348:
12345:
12333:
12325:
12323:
12319:
12315:
12314:
12311:
12305:
12302:
12300:
12297:
12295:
12292:
12290:
12287:
12286:
12284:
12280:
12272:
12269:
12267:
12264:
12262:
12259:
12257:
12254:
12252:
12249:
12247:
12244:
12242:
12239:
12237:
12234:
12233:
12232:
12229:
12225:
12222:
12220:
12217:
12215:
12212:
12211:
12210:
12207:
12205:
12202:
12201:
12199:
12195:
12189:
12186:
12184:
12181:
12179:
12176:
12174:
12171:
12169:
12166:
12164:
12163:Shift-by-wire
12161:
12159:
12156:
12154:
12151:
12149:
12146:
12144:
12141:
12139:
12136:
12134:
12131:
12129:
12126:
12124:
12121:
12119:
12116:
12114:
12111:
12109:
12106:
12104:
12101:
12099:
12096:
12094:
12091:
12089:
12086:
12084:
12081:
12079:
12076:
12074:
12071:
12069:
12066:
12064:
12061:
12059:
12056:
12054:
12051:
12049:
12046:
12044:
12041:
12039:
12036:
12034:
12031:
12029:
12026:
12024:
12021:
12020:
12018:
12016:
12012:
12006:
12003:
12001:
12000:Petrol engine
11998:
11996:
11993:
11990:
11986:
11983:
11981:
11978:
11976:
11973:
11971:
11970:Diesel engine
11968:
11967:
11965:
11963:
11959:
11955:
11953:
11946:
11942:
11935:
11930:
11928:
11923:
11921:
11916:
11915:
11912:
11900:
11897:
11895:
11892:
11890:
11889:Windmill ship
11887:
11885:
11882:
11880:
11877:
11875:
11872:
11870:
11867:
11866:
11864:
11860:
11854:
11853:
11849:
11847:
11846:
11842:
11840:
11839:
11835:
11834:
11832:
11830:Documentaries
11828:
11822:
11821:Electric boat
11819:
11817:
11814:
11810:
11807:
11805:
11802:
11801:
11800:
11799:Solar vehicle
11797:
11795:
11792:
11790:
11787:
11785:
11782:
11780:
11777:
11775:
11772:
11770:
11767:
11765:
11762:
11761:
11759:
11757:Multiple-fuel
11755:
11749:
11746:
11744:
11741:
11739:
11736:
11734:
11731:
11729:
11726:
11725:
11723:
11719:
11713:
11710:
11708:
11705:
11703:
11700:
11698:
11695:
11693:
11690:
11688:
11685:
11683:
11680:
11679:
11677:
11675:
11671:
11665:
11662:
11660:
11659:Methanol fuel
11657:
11655:
11652:
11650:
11647:
11645:
11642:
11640:
11637:
11635:
11632:
11630:
11627:
11625:
11622:
11620:
11617:
11615:
11612:
11610:
11607:
11606:
11604:
11602:
11599:
11595:
11587:
11584:
11582:
11579:
11577:
11574:
11573:
11572:
11571:Solar vehicle
11569:
11567:
11564:
11560:
11557:
11556:
11555:
11552:
11550:
11547:
11545:
11542:
11540:
11537:
11535:
11532:
11530:
11527:
11525:
11522:
11520:
11517:
11513:
11510:
11509:
11508:
11505:
11503:
11500:
11498:
11495:
11491:
11488:
11487:
11486:
11483:
11479:
11476:
11475:
11474:
11471:
11469:
11468:Electric boat
11466:
11464:
11461:
11459:
11456:
11454:
11451:
11449:
11446:
11444:
11441:
11440:
11438:
11436:
11431:
11427:
11421:
11420:Tesla turbine
11418:
11416:
11413:
11411:
11408:
11407:
11405:
11403:
11397:
11391:
11390:Electric boat
11388:
11386:
11383:
11377:
11374:
11373:
11372:
11369:
11367:
11364:
11362:
11359:
11357:
11354:
11353:
11352:
11351:Solar vehicle
11349:
11348:
11346:
11344:
11340:
11334:
11331:
11329:
11326:
11325:
11323:
11321:
11317:
11311:
11308:
11307:
11305:
11303:
11299:
11295:
11288:
11283:
11281:
11276:
11274:
11269:
11268:
11265:
11253:
11250:
11248:
11245:
11243:
11240:
11239:
11236:
11230:
11227:
11225:
11222:
11220:
11217:
11215:
11212:
11210:
11207:
11205:
11202:
11200:
11199:Reciprocating
11197:
11195:
11192:
11190:
11187:
11185:
11182:
11180:
11177:
11176:
11174:
11170:
11164:
11160:
11153:
11149:
11146:
11142:
11139:
11135:
11132:
11128:
11125:
11121:
11118:
11117:Rear mid-rear
11114:
11111:
11107:
11104:
11100:
11097:
11093:
11090:
11087:
11086:
11084:
11078:
11074:
11068:
11065:
11063:
11060:
11058:
11055:
11054:
11052:
11050:
11046:
11040:
11037:
11035:
11032:
11030:
11027:
11025:
11022:
11020:
11017:
11015:
11012:
11010:
11007:
11005:
11002:
11001:
10999:
10997:
10993:
10987:
10984:
10982:
10979:
10977:
10974:
10972:
10969:
10967:
10964:
10961:
10957:
10954:
10952:
10949:
10946:
10942:
10939:
10937:
10934:
10932:
10929:
10927:
10924:
10922:
10919:
10916:
10912:
10909:
10906:
10903:
10901:
10897:
10894:
10892:
10889:
10887:
10884:
10882:
10879:
10877:
10874:
10872:
10869:
10867:
10864:
10862:
10859:
10857:
10854:
10853:
10851:
10849:
10845:
10839:
10836:
10834:
10831:
10829:
10826:
10824:
10821:
10819:
10816:
10814:
10811:
10809:
10806:
10804:
10801:
10799:
10796:
10794:
10791:
10789:
10786:
10784:
10781:
10779:
10776:
10775:
10773:
10767:
10761:
10758:
10756:
10753:
10751:
10748:
10746:
10743:
10741:
10738:
10736:
10733:
10731:
10730:Station wagon
10728:
10726:
10723:
10721:
10718:
10716:
10713:
10711:
10708:
10706:
10703:
10701:
10698:
10696:
10693:
10691:
10688:
10686:
10683:
10681:
10678:
10676:
10673:
10671:
10668:
10666:
10663:
10661:
10658:
10656:
10653:
10651:
10648:
10646:
10643:
10641:
10638:
10636:
10633:
10631:
10628:
10626:
10623:
10621:
10620:Coupé utility
10618:
10616:
10613:
10611:
10608:
10606:
10603:
10601:
10598:
10596:
10593:
10591:
10588:
10586:
10583:
10581:
10578:
10576:
10573:
10571:
10568:
10567:
10565:
10563:
10559:
10549:
10546:
10544:
10541:
10539:
10536:
10534:
10531:
10529:
10526:
10524:
10521:
10519:
10516:
10514:
10511:
10509:
10506:
10505:
10503:
10501:
10497:
10491:
10488:
10486:
10483:
10481:
10478:
10476:
10473:
10471:
10468:
10466:
10463:
10462:
10460:
10456:
10450:
10447:
10445:
10442:
10440:
10437:
10435:
10434:Sport compact
10432:
10430:
10427:
10425:
10422:
10420:
10417:
10415:
10412:
10411:
10409:
10407:
10403:
10397:
10394:
10392:
10389:
10387:
10384:
10382:
10379:
10378:
10376:
10374:
10370:
10364:
10361:
10359:
10356:
10354:
10351:
10350:
10348:
10346:
10345:Minivan / MPV
10342:
10336:
10333:
10331:
10328:
10326:
10323:
10322:
10320:
10318:
10314:
10308:
10305:
10303:
10300:
10298:
10295:
10293:
10290:
10288:
10285:
10284:
10282:
10280:
10276:
10270:
10267:
10265:
10262:
10260:
10257:
10255:
10252:
10250:
10247:
10245:
10242:
10240:
10237:
10235:
10232:
10231:
10229:
10225:
10222:
10220:
10216:
10211:
10204:
10199:
10197:
10192:
10190:
10185:
10184:
10181:
10169:
10166:
10164:
10161:
10159:
10156:
10155:
10153:
10151:
10147:
10141:
10138:
10136:
10133:
10131:
10128:
10126:
10123:
10121:
10118:
10116:
10113:
10112:
10110:
10106:
10100:
10097:
10095:
10092:
10090:
10087:
10085:
10082:
10080:
10077:
10075:
10072:
10070:
10067:
10065:
10062:
10060:
10057:
10055:
10052:
10050:
10047:
10045:
10042:
10040:
10037:
10035:
10032:
10030:
10027:
10026:
10024:
10022:
10018:
10012:
10009:
10007:
10004:
10002:
9999:
9997:
9994:
9992:
9989:
9987:
9984:
9982:
9979:
9977:
9974:
9972:
9969:
9967:
9964:
9962:
9959:
9957:
9954:
9953:
9951:
9947:
9943:
9940:
9933:
9928:
9926:
9921:
9919:
9914:
9913:
9910:
9906:
9904:
9899:
9885:
9881:
9878:
9877:
9864:
9858:
9851:
9845:
9838:
9834:
9831:
9826:
9810:
9806:
9800:
9793:
9781:
9777:
9771:
9763:
9759:
9755:
9751:
9747:
9743:
9739:
9735:
9727:
9720:
9708:
9704:
9698:
9690:
9686:
9682:
9676:
9672:
9668:
9664:
9657:
9649:
9645:
9641:
9637:
9633:
9629:
9621:
9613:
9609:
9604:
9599:
9595:
9591:
9587:
9583:
9576:
9569:
9564:
9556:
9550:
9542:
9538:
9532:
9524:
9520:
9514:
9498:
9495:(in French).
9494:
9490:
9484:
9468:
9465:(in French).
9464:
9460:
9454:
9438:
9434:
9433:El Financiero
9430:
9424:
9408:
9405:(in French).
9404:
9400:
9394:
9378:
9374:
9370:
9364:
9362:
9355:
9352:
9349:
9343:
9336:
9323:
9316:
9309:
9296:
9289:
9282:
9269:
9262:
9255:
9242:
9235:
9220:
9216:
9209:
9193:
9189:
9183:
9168:
9164:
9158:
9150:
9146:
9142:
9138:
9134:
9130:
9123:
9116:
9109:
9105:
9102:
9096:
9089:
9083:
9075:
9071:
9067:
9063:
9059:
9055:
9051:
9047:
9043:
9036:
9028:
9024:
9019:
9014:
9010:
9006:
9002:
8995:
8988:
8984:
8980:
8977:
8973:
8969:
8966:
8961:
8954:
8950:
8947:
8941:
8926:
8922:
8918:
8914:
8907:
8899:
8895:
8891:
8887:
8882:
8877:
8873:
8869:
8865:
8858:
8843:
8839:
8835:
8831:
8824:
8808:
8804:
8800:
8794:
8786:
8782:
8777:
8772:
8768:
8764:
8760:
8756:
8755:Energy Policy
8752:
8745:
8737:
8733:
8728:
8723:
8719:
8715:
8711:
8707:
8703:
8699:
8695:
8691:
8687:
8680:
8672:
8668:
8664:
8660:
8655:
8650:
8646:
8642:
8638:
8634:
8630:
8623:
8615:
8614:
8609:
8603:
8595:
8589:
8585:
8584:
8576:
8574:
8558:
8554:
8547:
8532:
8528:
8522:
8520:
8503:
8499:
8495:
8489:
8473:
8469:
8465:
8458:
8442:
8438:
8434:
8427:
8411:
8407:
8403:
8397:
8381:
8377:
8373:
8369:
8368:The Telegraph
8364:
8356:
8340:
8336:
8332:
8326:
8310:
8306:
8299:
8283:
8279:
8273:
8257:
8251:
8235:
8231:
8227:
8220:
8204:
8200:
8196:
8190:
8174:
8170:
8166:
8160:
8152:
8148:
8141:
8125:
8121:
8117:
8111:
8095:
8091:
8087:
8081:
8065:
8061:
8057:
8051:
8032:
8028:
8021:
8014:
7998:
7994:
7988:
7972:
7966:
7950:
7946:
7940:
7938:
7926:
7920:
7912:
7908:
7903:
7898:
7894:
7890:
7886:
7879:
7870:
7862:
7861:
7856:
7850:
7842:
7838:
7832:
7824:
7820:
7814:
7806:
7802:
7796:
7788:
7784:
7777:
7762:
7758:
7752:
7736:
7732:
7726:
7718:
7712:
7705:
7701:
7697:
7694:
7689:
7687:
7678:
7674:
7670:
7666:
7662:
7658:
7650:
7642:
7638:
7633:
7628:
7624:
7620:
7616:
7612:
7608:
7601:
7599:
7582:
7578:
7574:
7568:
7552:
7548:
7542:
7534:
7530:
7525:
7520:
7516:
7512:
7508:
7501:
7493:
7489:
7485:
7481:
7476:
7471:
7467:
7463:
7459:
7455:
7451:
7444:
7428:
7424:
7420:
7414:
7406:
7402:
7397:
7392:
7387:
7382:
7378:
7374:
7370:
7366:
7362:
7355:
7347:
7343:
7338:
7333:
7328:
7323:
7319:
7315:
7311:
7307:
7303:
7296:
7288:
7284:
7280:
7276:
7271:
7266:
7262:
7258:
7253:
7248:
7244:
7240:
7236:
7232:
7228:
7221:
7206:
7202:
7196:
7188:
7184:
7180:
7176:
7171:
7166:
7161:
7156:
7152:
7148:
7144:
7137:
7121:
7117:
7111:
7095:
7091:
7085:
7083:
7081:
7079:
7070:
7066:
7062:
7058:
7050:
7039:
7038:
7030:
7012:
7008:
7001:
7000:
6993:
6978:
6974:
6973:
6968:
6962:
6951:
6944:
6943:
6935:
6928:
6927:
6922:
6916:
6905:
6898:
6897:
6890:
6875:
6871:
6867:
6866:
6859:
6857:
6855:
6853:
6851:
6832:
6828:
6821:
6820:
6812:
6810:
6808:
6806:
6804:
6788:
6786:9780444538819
6782:
6778:
6777:
6769:
6753:
6749:
6745:
6739:
6724:
6718:
6714:
6710:
6706:
6702:
6695:
6680:
6676:
6672:
6668:
6664:
6660:
6656:
6649:
6634:
6630:
6623:
6608:
6604:
6598:
6590:
6586:
6579:
6563:
6559:
6553:
6538:
6537:CleanTechnica
6534:
6527:
6519:
6513:
6505:
6498:
6490:
6483:
6475:
6468:
6452:
6448:
6442:
6426:
6422:
6416:
6409:
6403:
6384:
6380:
6373:
6366:
6350:
6346:
6340:
6324:
6320:
6314:
6299:
6295:
6288:
6272:
6268:
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6238:
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6215:
6212:
6206:
6190:
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6182:
6176:
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6154:
6135:
6131:
6124:
6118:
6102:
6098:
6094:
6088:
6072:
6068:
6062:
6056:
6043:
6039:
6033:
6029:
6025:
6024:
6019:
6013:
6005:
6001:
5995:
5987:
5980:
5965:. togg.com.tr
5964:
5958:
5950:
5949:insideevs.com
5946:
5939:
5937:
5928:
5924:
5917:
5909:
5903:
5887:
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5877:
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5839:
5834:
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5825:
5821:
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5810:
5794:
5790:
5786:
5779:
5763:
5759:
5753:
5738:
5734:
5728:
5712:
5708:
5701:
5685:
5681:
5677:
5671:
5655:
5651:
5647:
5641:
5625:
5621:
5617:
5610:
5602:
5598:
5594:
5590:
5586:
5582:
5575:
5567:
5563:
5559:
5555:
5551:
5547:
5543:
5539:
5532:
5524:
5520:
5516:
5512:
5508:
5504:
5500:
5496:
5492:
5488:
5484:
5476:
5468:
5464:
5457:
5449:
5445:
5439:
5437:
5427:
5422:
5418:
5414:
5410:
5403:
5395:
5391:
5387:
5383:
5376:
5360:
5356:
5350:
5342:
5338:
5334:
5330:
5326:
5322:
5318:
5314:
5310:
5306:
5302:
5295:
5287:
5283:
5279:
5275:
5271:
5267:
5260:
5252:
5248:
5244:
5240:
5236:
5232:
5225:
5209:
5205:
5201:
5197:
5193:
5189:
5185:
5181:
5174:
5166:
5162:
5154:
5146:
5142:
5136:
5120:
5116:
5109:
5101:
5094:
5078:
5072:
5057:
5053:
5049:
5045:
5038:
5022:
5018:
5012:
5008:
5007:
4999:
4991:
4984:
4969:
4965:
4964:
4957:
4947:
4939:
4933:
4930:. JHU Press.
4929:
4928:
4920:
4912:
4905:
4896:
4880:
4876:
4870:
4863:
4857:
4849:
4845:
4841:
4837:
4833:
4829:
4825:
4821:
4817:
4813:
4812:Nature Energy
4809:
4802:
4800:
4790:
4783:
4767:
4763:
4757:
4741:
4737:
4730:
4722:
4718:
4714:
4708:
4704:
4700:
4696:
4689:
4673:
4669:
4663:
4659:
4658:
4650:
4646:
4630:
4627:
4625:
4622:
4620:
4617:
4615:
4612:
4609:
4606:
4603:
4602:Electriquette
4600:
4597:
4594:
4592:
4589:
4588:
4584:
4578:
4573:
4570:
4559:
4556:
4550:
4545:
4542:
4536:
4531:
4528:
4527:Energy portal
4522:
4517:
4510:
4508:
4497:
4493:
4491:
4486:
4484:
4480:
4475:
4471:
4470:electric grid
4463:
4459:
4450:
4441:
4432:
4430:
4426:
4422:
4418:
4414:
4410:
4406:
4402:
4398:
4390:
4386:
4381:
4371:
4368:
4364:
4361:have ordered
4360:
4356:
4352:
4339:
4335:
4332:
4328:
4326:
4322:
4316:
4314:
4310:
4306:
4302:
4301:pushback tugs
4298:
4293:
4291:
4287:
4283:
4274:
4267:
4263:
4258:
4251:
4240:
4237:
4233:
4223:
4216:
4212:
4210:
4206:
4195:
4193:
4189:
4184:
4182:
4178:
4174:
4170:
4165:
4162:
4160:
4154:
4140:
4136:
4132:
4120:
4116:
4107:
4105:
4100:
4096:
4094:
4087:
4081:
4071:
4069:
4062:Accident rate
4059:
4057:
4053:
4048:
4044:
4042:
4038:
4030:
4025:
4016:
4013:
4009:
3999:
3995:
3990:
3989:range anxiety
3986:
3976:
3974:
3970:
3964:
3962:
3958:
3948:
3945:
3941:
3939:
3935:
3925:
3923:
3913:
3911:
3907:
3902:
3900:
3895:
3890:
3888:
3884:
3879:
3876:
3872:
3864:
3863:Tesla Model S
3859:
3852:
3851:Tesla Model S
3848:
3839:
3830:
3828:
3824:
3823:deforestation
3820:
3819:cobalt mining
3816:
3812:
3808:
3804:
3803:nickel mining
3799:
3797:
3792:
3788:
3783:
3777:
3772:
3768:
3765:
3761:
3756:
3754:
3753:environmental
3748:
3745:
3740:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3725:micromobility
3722:
3721:active travel
3718:
3713:
3709:
3707:
3703:
3695:
3691:
3686:
3682:
3678:
3666:
3661:
3659:
3654:
3652:
3647:
3646:
3644:
3643:
3637:
3632:
3626:
3623:
3613:
3612:
3611:
3610:
3601:
3598:
3597:
3596:
3595:Rapid transit
3593:
3589:
3586:
3585:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3561:Skateboarding
3559:
3557:
3554:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3521:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3506:
3505:
3502:
3498:
3495:
3491:
3488:
3487:
3486:
3483:
3482:
3481:
3478:
3474:
3471:
3469:
3468:Solar vehicle
3466:
3462:
3459:
3458:
3457:
3454:
3453:
3452:
3451:Green vehicle
3449:
3448:
3445:
3440:
3439:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3376:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3332:Tidal barrage
3330:
3329:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3322:Marine energy
3320:
3318:
3315:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3287:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3249:
3246:
3245:
3244:
3241:
3240:
3237:
3232:
3231:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3173:Passive house
3171:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3040:
3037:
3032:
3031:
3027:
3023:
3022:
3019:
3016:
3015:
3011:
3010:
3005:Environmental
3002:
2999:
2995:
2984:
2975:
2971:
2968:This section
2966:
2963:
2959:
2958:
2950:
2939:
2935:
2932:Conventional
2924:
2915:
2911:
2908:This section
2906:
2903:
2899:
2898:
2894:
2883:
2878:
2875:
2870:
2866:
2861:
2859:
2855:
2851:
2847:
2843:
2835:
2832:
2829:
2826:
2822:
2818:
2815:
2814:
2811:
2808:
2805:
2802:
2798:
2794:
2793:
2790:
2787:
2784:
2781:
2777:
2773:
2770:
2769:
2766:
2763:
2760:
2757:
2753:
2750:
2749:
2745:
2742:
2738:
2732:
2729:
2728:
2725:
2715:
2713:
2709:
2705:
2700:
2698:
2684:
2681:
2677:
2673:
2669:
2665:
2661:
2656:
2654:
2650:
2646:
2642:
2638:
2634:
2630:
2626:
2623:
2619:
2607:
2603:
2600:
2596:
2593:Bottom-left:
2592:
2589:
2588:AeroVironment
2585:
2582:
2578:
2575:
2571:
2567:
2566:
2558:
2549:
2538:
2529:
2517:
2506:
2500:Grid capacity
2492:
2488:
2480:
2475:
2465:
2463:
2458:
2454:
2445:
2443:
2439:
2435:
2431:
2427:
2423:
2419:
2401:
2398:
2394:
2391:
2388:
2385:
2381:
2378:
2375:
2372:
2369:
2368:
2364:
2360:
2356:
2351:
2342:
2340:
2336:
2335:solar-powered
2332:
2328:
2324:
2320:
2316:
2310:
2300:
2298:
2294:
2290:
2286:
2285:arcjet rocket
2282:
2276:
2266:
2264:
2258:
2251:
2250:
2244:
2235:
2233:
2229:
2225:
2221:
2217:
2213:
2209:
2205:
2198:
2194:
2189:
2188:electric boat
2185:
2181:
2171:
2169:
2164:
2162:
2158:
2156:
2152:
2148:
2144:
2140:
2136:
2132:
2128:
2123:
2121:
2120:rapid transit
2117:
2113:
2109:
2105:
2101:
2094:
2090:
2087:(or tram) in
2086:
2081:
2076:
2069:Railborne EVs
2066:
2064:
2060:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2028:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2006:
2001:
1991:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1964:motor vehicle
1957:
1953:
1949:
1945:
1940:
1936:
1930:
1920:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1901:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1869:
1866:
1862:
1858:
1854:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1834:
1823:
1821:
1817:
1816:solar vehicle
1813:
1807:
1803:
1788:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1768:Vehicle types
1765:
1763:
1759:
1755:
1754:maglev trains
1751:
1750:linear motors
1747:
1742:
1740:
1732:
1727:
1718:
1716:
1712:
1708:
1704:
1699:
1697:
1693:
1688:
1685:
1680:
1672:
1668:
1659:
1655:
1652:
1649:In the past,
1647:
1644:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1633:power density
1631:, and higher
1630:
1626:
1622:
1616:
1609:
1605:
1600:
1591:
1582:
1579:
1575:
1571:
1562:
1558:
1556:
1552:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1538:
1537:
1535:
1534:
1533:
1523:
1518:
1516:
1511:
1509:
1504:
1503:
1500:
1495:or other fuel
1494:
1490:
1486:
1483:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1471:
1470:
1466:
1460:
1456:
1453:
1452:
1446:
1442:
1439:
1438:
1432:
1428:
1425:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1409:
1408:
1404:
1401:
1400:
1389:
1386:
1385:
1383:
1377:
1376:steam turbine
1373:
1369:
1361:
1358:
1357:
1356:
1351:
1350:solar vehicle
1347:
1343:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1316:
1312:
1311:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1289:
1285:
1282:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1266:trolleytrucks
1263:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1250:
1238:
1234:
1227:
1217:, Switzerland
1216:
1212:
1205:
1194:
1187:
1178:
1170:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1139:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1128:nuclear power
1125:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1099:
1087:
1073:
1071:
1067:
1062:
1060:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1044:
1041:, batteries,
1040:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1023:
1014:
1011:
1008:
1004:
1003:federal court
1000:
999:
998:
994:
992:
988:
981:
980:
975:
971:
962:
960:
955:
953:
949:
945:
941:
937:
932:
930:
926:
922:
918:
914:
910:
905:
896:
892:
888:
883:
879:
877:
873:
869:
865:
861:
856:
854:
850:
846:
842:
838:
833:
831:
827:
823:
819:
814:
809:
807:
803:
795:
794:Thomas Edison
791:
787:
784:
780:
776:
775:primary cells
772:
768:
764:
760:
756:
750:
740:
729:
724:
722:
717:
715:
710:
709:
707:
706:
703:
698:
693:
692:
687:
684:
682:
679:
678:
677:
676:
673:
670:
669:
664:
663:Walking audit
661:
659:
656:
654:
651:
649:
646:
644:
641:
639:
636:
634:
631:
629:
626:
624:
621:
619:
616:
614:
611:
609:
606:
604:
601:
599:
598:Green vehicle
596:
594:
591:
589:
586:
584:
581:
579:
576:
574:
571:
569:
566:
564:
561:
560:
559:
558:
554:
553:
548:
545:
543:
540:
538:
535:
533:
530:
528:
525:
523:
520:
518:
515:
513:
510:
508:
505:
503:
500:
498:
495:
493:
490:
488:
485:
484:
483:
482:
478:
477:
473:
469:
468:
465:
462:
461:
458:
454:
453:
450:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
426:
422:
421:trolley buses
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
401:overhead line
398:
394:
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
373:range anxiety
370:
366:
365:motor vehicle
362:
358:
353:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
334:rail vehicles
331:
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
287:
283:
282:Electric cart
280:
273:
269:
265:
262:
259:
256:
253:
249:
245:
242:
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
220:
216:
215:
210:
209:Electric boat
207:
204:
200:
196:
193:
190:
186:
183:
182:
180:
170:
161:
150:
141:
130:
121:
110:
101:
92:
84:
74:
73:summary style
70:
64:
60:
58:
54:This article
52:
43:
42:
37:
33:
19:
13147:Permaculture
13066:New Urbanism
13038:Conservation
13022:
12830:food systems
12815:architecture
12753:
12554:AA (CHAdeMO)
12408:Electric bus
12393:Electric car
12373:
12241:Racing slick
12178:Transfer box
12148:Park-by-wire
12143:Parking pawl
12058:Differential
12033:Direct-drive
12015:Transmission
12005:Steam engine
11974:
11950:Part of the
11949:
11850:
11843:
11836:
11779:Hybrid train
11644:Ethanol fuel
11624:Butanol fuel
11609:Alcohol fuel
11544:Hybrid train
11506:
11485:Electric car
11473:Electric bus
11039:Twelve-wheel
10996:Drive wheels
10895:
10769:Specialized
10690:Pickup truck
10595:Cabrio coach
10439:Sports sedan
10414:Grand tourer
10089:Nitromethane
10029:Butyl rubber
10006:Butanol fuel
9980:
9895:
9857:
9844:
9825:
9815:19 September
9813:. Retrieved
9799:
9790:
9783:. Retrieved
9779:
9770:
9737:
9733:
9726:
9717:
9710:. Retrieved
9706:
9697:
9662:
9656:
9631:
9627:
9620:
9585:
9581:
9575:
9563:
9549:
9540:
9531:
9522:
9513:
9501:. Retrieved
9492:
9483:
9471:. Retrieved
9462:
9453:
9441:. Retrieved
9432:
9423:
9411:. Retrieved
9402:
9393:
9381:. Retrieved
9373:The Guardian
9372:
9342:
9333:
9326:. Retrieved
9315:
9306:
9299:. Retrieved
9288:
9279:
9272:. Retrieved
9261:
9252:
9245:. Retrieved
9234:
9222:. Retrieved
9218:
9208:
9196:. Retrieved
9191:
9182:
9170:. Retrieved
9166:
9157:
9132:
9128:
9115:
9095:
9082:
9049:
9045:
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8928:. Retrieved
8916:
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8556:
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8467:
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8410:the original
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8325:
8315:19 September
8313:. Retrieved
8298:
8288:19 September
8286:. Retrieved
8272:
8260:. Retrieved
8250:
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8229:
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8199:Ars Technica
8198:
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7987:
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7093:
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6970:
6961:
6950:the original
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6878:, retrieved
6864:
6838:, retrieved
6818:
6790:. Retrieved
6775:
6768:
6756:. Retrieved
6748:BloombergNEF
6747:
6738:
6726:. Retrieved
6704:
6694:
6682:. Retrieved
6665:(5): 10â15.
6662:
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6648:
6636:. Retrieved
6632:
6622:
6610:. Retrieved
6606:
6597:
6589:BBC Top Gear
6588:
6578:
6566:. Retrieved
6561:
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6536:
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6441:
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6240:
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6184:
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6167:the original
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6101:the original
6087:
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6071:the original
6061:
6054:
6046:. Retrieved
6022:
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5979:
5967:. Retrieved
5957:
5948:
5926:
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5886:the original
5876:
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5860:the original
5850:
5823:
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5788:
5778:
5766:. Retrieved
5752:
5740:. Retrieved
5736:
5727:
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5700:
5688:. Retrieved
5679:
5670:
5658:. Retrieved
5649:
5640:
5628:. Retrieved
5619:
5614:Mok, Brian.
5609:
5584:
5580:
5574:
5541:
5537:
5531:
5490:
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5349:
5308:
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5187:
5183:
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5123:. Retrieved
5118:
5108:
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5093:
5081:. Retrieved
5071:
5060:, retrieved
5047:
5037:
5025:. Retrieved
5005:
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4983:
4972:, retrieved
4962:
4956:
4946:
4926:
4919:
4910:
4904:
4895:
4883:. Retrieved
4879:the original
4869:
4861:
4856:
4815:
4811:
4788:
4782:
4770:. Retrieved
4756:
4744:. Retrieved
4740:the original
4729:
4694:
4688:
4676:. Retrieved
4656:
4649:
4598:â E-tricycle
4503:
4500:Repair shops
4494:
4487:
4467:
4447:
4438:
4394:
4391:240v 50 amps
4348:
4329:
4317:
4294:
4279:
4229:
4221:
4201:
4185:
4166:
4163:
4156:
4133:
4129:
4101:
4097:
4089:
4065:
4050:In terms of
4049:
4045:
4034:
4005:
3996:
3992:
3965:
3954:
3946:
3942:
3931:
3919:
3910:space rovers
3903:
3891:
3880:
3868:
3836:
3800:
3784:
3780:
3757:
3749:
3744:supply chain
3741:
3737:
3729:
3714:
3710:
3699:
3534:Kick scooter
3519:Land vehicle
3455:
3088:Energy audit
3053:Cogeneration
2998:high voltage
2991:
2978:
2974:adding to it
2969:
2931:
2918:
2914:adding to it
2909:
2862:
2840:
2701:
2694:
2657:
2622:power supply
2615:
2568:Top-left: a
2503:
2489:
2485:
2455:
2451:
2416:The type of
2415:
2384:BjĂžrn Nyland
2371:Rimac Nevera
2319:Solar System
2312:
2278:
2260:
2248:
2238:Airborne EVs
2202:
2174:Seaborne EVs
2165:
2159:
2124:
2097:
2012:
2003:
1968:wall sockets
1961:
1950:produced by
1939:Electric car
1915:
1911:
1907:
1905:
1894:. Many HEVs
1861:fuel economy
1838:
1809:
1802:Electric car
1786:
1752:are used in
1743:
1736:
1700:
1689:
1686:
1682:
1656:
1648:
1645:
1618:
1567:
1531:
1444:(MHEV, BAHV)
1402:Vehicle type
1387:
1379:
1365:
1354:
1262:trolleybuses
1176:
1140:
1124:fossil fuels
1109:
1063:
1050:Ford Ecostar
1047:
1035:oil industry
1020:
1018:
995:
984:
977:
956:
933:
900:
857:
834:
810:
799:
755:Ănyos Jedlik
752:
737:
592:
547:Urban design
522:New Urbanism
492:Carfree city
429:
405:mass transit
354:
301:
297:
295:
288:Attiva C2S.4
217:, the first
212:
185:Electric car
178:
91:
78:
63:Electric car
55:
32:Electric car
13082:Ecoforestry
12840:procurement
12825:development
12810:agriculture
12219:Alloy wheel
12078:Drive wheel
12068:Drive shaft
12028:Chain drive
11629:Biogasoline
11343:Solar power
11320:Human power
11189:Four-stroke
11089:Front-front
11029:Eight-wheel
11004:Front-wheel
10936:Natural gas
10921:Fossil fuel
10876:Biogasoline
10562:Body styles
10490:Vintage car
10130:Brake fluid
9981:Electricity
9971:Biogasoline
9603:2117/172770
9555:"NeoCharge"
9503:29 November
9473:29 November
9443:29 November
9413:29 November
9383:29 November
9354:zdnet.co.kr
9198:27 February
9172:27 February
9052:: 701â718.
8761:: 226â241.
8345:26 November
8230:TNW | Shift
8090:www.beuc.eu
8040:22 February
8003:26 December
7977:12 February
7766:21 November
7663:: 822â835.
7423:theicct.org
6880:10 February
6840:10 February
6728:3 September
6684:3 September
6491:. Electrek.
6457:6 September
6431:6 September
6392:12 November
6251:17 December
6195:30 November
6107:24 December
6097:Duke Energy
5927:Power Sonic
5717:30 November
5690:30 November
5660:30 November
5630:30 November
5544:: 272â288.
5388:: 247â254.
5365:1 September
4885:26 December
4772:26 December
4746:26 December
4569:Cars portal
4338:South Korea
4297:milk floats
3865:drive motor
3821:has led to
3817:. Open-pit
3807:Philippines
3539:Quadracycle
3394:Forecasting
3327:Tidal power
3310:Small hydro
3295:Micro hydro
3248:Sustainable
3113:Energy Star
2803:consortium)
2782:consortium)
2746:References
2635:(including
2595:Nissan Leaf
2579:Top-right:
2457:Fossil fuel
2210:have given
2208:solar cells
2147:surge power
2104:third rails
2047:milk floats
1781:Squad Solar
1715:Tesla Motor
1673:e-Force One
1568:Batteries,
1548:lithium-ion
1488:(FCV, FCEV)
1346:solar power
1268:(See also:
1120:fossil fuel
895:AMC Gremlin
763:Netherlands
658:Walkability
583:Cyclability
507:Ecodistrict
379:offered by
274:in Rocklin,
13172:Categories
13051:insulation
13044:Building (
13007:transition
12850:technology
12835:industries
12610:GB/T 20234
12514:Connectors
12304:Alternator
11952:Automobile
11941:Powertrain
11214:Two-stroke
11110:Front-rear
11103:Rear-front
11019:Four-wheel
11009:Rear-wheel
10848:Propulsion
10838:Voiturette
10823:Flying car
10818:Police car
10783:Amphibious
10695:Quad coupé
10585:Berlinetta
10302:Street rod
10244:Subcompact
10120:Antifreeze
9949:Fuel types
9719:available.
9634:: 101929.
9588:: 100188.
9541:Lectron EV
9493:La Tribune
9463:La Tribune
9219:Trucks.com
9135:: 93â103.
8874:: 112158.
8562:9 December
8447:7 February
8416:7 February
8262:5 November
7805:Al Jazeera
7787:MINING.COM
7460:: 106015.
7237:: 161761.
7160:2007.13920
6792:29 October
6143:24 October
5493:: 228708.
5190:(6): 689.
5157:Data from
5083:2 December
4963:Automobile
4862:Ambulances
4678:4 December
4641:References
4405:NEMA 14-50
4397:New Mexico
4389:NEMA 14-50
4378:See also:
4173:dysprosium
4151:See also:
4084:See also:
4037:trolleybus
4029:trolleybus
3973:Stellantis
3951:Total cost
3906:submarines
3842:Mechanical
3675:See also:
3571:Watercraft
3549:Velomobile
3509:Helicopter
3337:Tidal farm
3300:Pico hydro
3285:Hydropower
3068:Eco-cities
2686:standards.
2676:power grid
2599:NRG Energy
2574:Iwata city
2436:, through
2434:wheelchair
2412:Components
2407:Properties
2281:spacecraft
2220:Submarines
2212:motorboats
2178:See also:
2093:pantograph
2043:golf carts
1998:See also:
1990:vehicles.
1948:Togg C-SUV
1933:See also:
1826:Hybrid EVs
1800:See also:
1476:(BEV, AEV)
1465:power grid
1405:Fuel used
1368:submarines
1336:submarines
1334:: nuclear
1298:See also:
1274:third rail
1193:third rail
1136:wind power
952:conspiring
929:Henry Ford
830:milk float
802:Studebaker
502:Eco-cities
326:fuel cells
278:California
272:Tesla Semi
252:Landskrona
234:JR Central
81:March 2024
57:duplicates
13152:Recycling
12875:Pollution
12855:transport
12650:SAE J3400
12645:SAE J3105
12640:SAE J3068
12635:SAE J1772
12630:ISO 15118
12625:IEC 63110
12620:IEC 62196
12615:IEC 61851
12603:Standards
12559:BB (GB/T)
12173:Transaxle
12138:Manumatic
12108:Gearshift
11980:Fuel cell
11809:Solar bus
11804:Solar car
11789:Multifuel
11614:Biodiesel
11586:Solar bus
11581:Solar car
11371:Solar car
11366:Solar bus
11302:Fuel cell
11124:Rear-rear
11034:Ten-wheel
11024:Six-wheel
11014:Two-wheel
10926:Fuel cell
10866:Biodiesel
10833:Tow truck
10808:Pedal car
10788:Connected
10760:Vis-Ă -vis
10735:Targa top
10680:Panel van
10675:Notchback
10655:Limousine
10645:Landaulet
10635:Hatchback
10580:Barchetta
10548:S-segment
10543:M-segment
10538:J-segment
10533:F-segment
10528:E-segment
10523:D-segment
10518:C-segment
10513:B-segment
10508:A-segment
10419:Hot hatch
10396:Coupe SUV
10330:Executive
10292:Lead sled
10269:Full-size
10249:Supermini
10158:Fuel card
10115:Motor oil
9966:Biodiesel
9754:1949-3053
9648:196184613
9612:204080912
9149:187458469
9074:115675123
9066:1364-0321
9027:2380-8195
8925:0190-8286
8898:246758071
8890:1364-0321
8842:0362-4331
8718:0027-8424
8671:252471791
8663:1748-9326
8376:0307-1235
7911:197455092
7895:: 56â66.
7677:0959-6526
7641:1748-9326
7577:InsideEVs
7533:1357-4809
7484:0160-4120
7287:256572849
7261:0048-9697
7187:220830992
7179:1754-5692
7020:2 January
6983:2 January
6679:0885-8985
6185:Oceanvolt
6130:europa.eu
6004:TRT World
5842:2214-9937
5768:4 January
5601:0378-7753
5587:: 50â59.
5566:0378-7753
5523:225154703
5515:0378-7753
5333:0013-936X
5286:1754-5692
5251:1747-1117
5204:1754-5692
5121:. Toronto
5052:About.com
4848:242383930
4840:2058-7546
4431:outlets.
4427:from 120
4417:Kilowatts
4409:240 volts
4305:forklifts
4260:Electric
4169:neodymium
4012:heat pump
4008:insulated
3894:vibration
3883:gearboxes
3811:Indonesia
3801:Open-pit
3789:sales by
3706:generated
3514:Hydrofoil
3379:Community
3153:Heat pump
3063:Eco hotel
2981:July 2021
2946:400 Wh/kg
2942:250 Wh/kg
2921:July 2021
2858:induction
2833:19.5â20.8
2825:Electreon
2809:11.5â15.3
2712:fuel cell
2468:Batteries
2462:Singapore
2329:-powered
2249:Ingenuity
2216:sailboats
2197:Oceanvolt
2085:streetcar
2051:forklifts
1762:switching
1690:Usually,
1629:life span
1627:, longer
1555:flywheels
1419:petroleum
1322:fuel cell
1260:, trams,
944:Firestone
893:shows an
761:, in the
487:Transport
417:monorails
403:-powered
322:generator
224:Electric
205:the globe
12483:Charging
12332:Category
12271:Tubeless
12256:Run-flat
12236:Off-road
12053:Coupling
11975:Electric
11879:Vactrain
11862:See also
11674:Hydrogen
11664:Wood gas
11576:aircraft
11247:Category
11224:W engine
11209:Straight
10966:Hydrogen
10931:Fuel gas
10896:Electric
10771:vehicles
10710:Runabout
10660:Microvan
10650:Liftback
10640:Kammback
10625:Fastback
10600:Cab over
10590:Brougham
10335:Personal
10307:T-bucket
10297:Lowrider
10264:Mid-size
10135:Gear oil
9996:Hydrogen
9986:Kerosene
9833:Archived
9809:Archived
9785:12 April
9712:12 April
9689:22071272
9497:Archived
9467:Archived
9437:Archived
9407:Archived
9377:Archived
9348:mk.co.kr
9104:Archived
8979:Archived
8968:Archived
8949:Archived
8847:12 April
8807:Archived
8803:BBC News
8785:52227957
8736:36630449
8502:Archived
8472:Archived
8441:Archived
8380:Archived
8339:Archived
8309:Archived
8282:Archived
8234:Archived
8203:Archived
8173:Archived
8124:Archived
8094:Archived
8064:Archived
8031:Archived
7696:Archived
7581:Archived
7557:13 April
7551:Archived
7492:32858467
7427:Archived
7405:25512510
7346:21949359
7279:36739036
7270:10465173
7210:26 April
7120:Archived
6874:archived
6831:archived
6752:Archived
6633:Electrek
6451:Archived
6425:Archived
6383:Archived
6355:4 August
6349:Archived
6329:26 March
6303:26 March
6277:26 March
6245:Archived
6214:Archived
6189:Archived
6134:Archived
6077:31 March
6042:Archived
5892:21 March
5866:30 March
5826:: 7â13.
5793:Archived
5762:Archived
5711:Archived
5684:Archived
5654:Archived
5652:. AFDC.
5624:Archived
5448:Archived
5359:Archived
5341:20695466
5208:Archived
5165:Archived
5145:Archived
5056:archived
5021:Archived
4968:archived
4766:Archived
4721:37828220
4672:Archived
4513:See also
4507:insurers
4264:used by
4209:lifespan
3908:and for
3622:Category
3544:Tricycle
3429:Windpump
3424:Windbelt
3399:Industry
3078:Ecolabel
3073:Ecohouse
3043:Arcology
2797:Elonroad
2788:9.4â10.5
2739:Million
2576:, Japan.
2495:Charging
2438:pedelecs
2424:and the
2363:LiveWire
1853:electric
1493:hydrogen
1233:MAZ-7907
1116:peak oil
1055:RAV4 EVs
1009:mandate,
919:, which
771:Scotland
517:Greenway
254:, Sweden
201:, which
13056:natural
12976:biofuel
12909:Water (
12884:control
12712:General
12494:network
12381:Vehicle
11748:Propane
11728:Autogas
11598:Biofuel
11463:Pedelec
11333:Pedelec
11219:V (Vee)
11194:H-block
10960:plug-in
10958: (
10943: (
10913: (
10911:Ethanol
10900:battery
10898: (
10871:Biofuel
10861:Autogas
10828:Taxicab
10803:Gyrocar
10798:Go-kart
10745:Touring
10740:Torpedo
10685:Phaeton
10665:Minibus
10630:Hardtop
10475:Economy
10470:Classic
10465:Antique
10449:Go-kart
10381:Compact
10358:Leisure
10353:Compact
10287:Hot rod
10259:Compact
10227:By size
10069:Ecalene
10001:Ethanol
9328:13 June
9301:13 June
9274:13 June
9247:13 June
9224:4 April
8930:9 April
8763:Bibcode
8727:9934249
8698:Bibcode
8641:Bibcode
8616:. 2022.
8536:4 April
8508:29 July
8386:13 June
8240:28 July
8151:Reuters
8130:26 July
8100:26 July
8070:26 July
7823:AP News
7741:30 June
7619:Bibcode
7587:28 July
7462:Bibcode
7433:29 July
7396:4284558
7373:Bibcode
7337:3189019
7314:Bibcode
7239:Bibcode
7126:26 June
6758:27 July
5969:3 April
5799:27 July
5742:30 June
5680:ev1.org
5546:Bibcode
5495:Bibcode
5467:Kojects
5313:Bibcode
4974:18 July
4820:Bibcode
4411:and 50
4268:in 2015
3791:Hyundai
3760:lithium
3566:Walking
3524:Bicycle
3497:Plug-in
3461:Bicycle
3419:Turbine
3409:Outline
3260:Biomass
3243:Biofuel
2874:CENELEC
2756:Siemens
2418:battery
2365:in 2020
2345:Records
2228:nuclear
2089:Hanover
1880:battery
1863:than a
1713:within
1550:battery
917:muffler
891:Seattle
743:History
314:battery
286:Italcar
268:Class 8
250:bus in
240:, Japan
236:on the
67:Please
12969:Fuel (
12820:design
12564:ChaoJi
12528:Type 1
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