513:
extended, since they were powered by the number one hydraulic system, which was still functioning, but the outboard trailing edge flaps did not, because they were powered by the number four hydraulic system, which had failed when the number four engine broke away. The partial flap condition meant that the aircraft would have a higher pitch attitude than normal as it slowed down. The leading edge slats extended on the left wing, but not on the right wing, because of the extensive damage sustained when the engines separated, which had also severely disrupted the air flow over the right wing. That differential configuration caused the left wing to generate significantly more
695:-747 pylon was found to be inadequate to provide the required level of safety. Furthermore the system to ensure structural integrity by inspection failed. This ultimately caused – probably initiated by fatigue in the inboard midspar fuse-pin – the no. 3 pylon and engine to separate from the wing in such a way that the no. 4 pylon and engine were torn off, part of the leading edge of the wing was damaged and the use of several systems was lost or limited. This subsequently left the flight crew with very limited control of the airplane. Because of the marginal controllability a safe landing became highly improbable, if not virtually impossible.
536:
349:
585:
500:(ATC) and indicated that they wanted to return to Schiphol. At 18:28:45, the first officer reported: "El Al 1862, lost number three and number four engine, number three and number four engine." ATC and the flight crew did not yet grasp the severity of the situation. Although the flight crew knew they had lost power from the engines, they did not see that the engines themselves had completely broken off and that the wing had been damaged. The outboard engine on the wing of a 747 is visible from the
1122:
871:
705:
717:
544:
29:
1108:
774:
457:
1136:
1150:
411:
late 1950s. He had over 25,000 flight hours, including 9,500 hours on the Boeing 747. First officer Ohad had less experience than the other two crew members, having logged 4,288 flight hours, 612 of them on the Boeing 747. Flight
Engineer Sofer was the most experienced crew member on the flight, with more than 26,000 hours of flight experience, of which 15,000 were on the Boeing 747.
956:, had been included in the cargo. The chemical's primary commercial use is as a flame retardant. Other commercial uses include being a preignition additive for gasoline, anti-foaming agent, plasticizer, stabilizer, textile conditioner, antistatic agent, an additive for solvents and low-temperature hydraulic fluids, and as a catalyst/reagent in the organic synthesis of
568:(literally "It has happened", but colloquially "It is over"). At that moment a large smoke plume emanating from the crash scene was visible from the control tower. The aircraft had disappeared from arrival control radar. The arrival controllers reported that the aircraft had last been located 1.5 kilometres (0.93 mi; 0.81 nmi) west of
684:
right wing was sufficient to keep the aircraft aloft. Once it had to reduce speed for landing, the amount of lift on the right wing was insufficient to enable stable flight, so a safe landing would have been very difficult to achieve. The aircraft then banked sharply to the right with very little chance of recovery.
2227:. The episode is called High Rise Catastrophe. The computer graphics in the documentary wrongly painted the aircraft in El Al's passenger aircraft livery, while in reality, the crashed aircraft lacks the painting of Israel flag and airline identity, and only the word "Cargo" appear on both sides of the aircraft.
911:
Studies were suggested to be undertaken on the symptoms of the affected survivors and service personnel, but for several years, these suggestions were ignored on the basis that no practical reason would lead one to believe in any link between the health symptoms of the survivors and the
Bijlmer crash
623:
was recovered from the crash site and was heavily damaged, with the tape broken in four places. The section containing the data from the last two and a half minutes of the flight was particularly damaged. The recorder was sent to the United States for recovery and the data was successfully extracted.
592:
The crash was also witnessed by people in a nearby fire station on
Flierbosdreef. First responders came upon a rapidly spreading fire of "gigantic proportions" that consumed all 11 floors of the buildings and was 120 metres (390 ft) wide. No one survived from the crash point, but some managed to
559:
neighbourhood of
Amsterdam, at the corner of a building where the Groeneveen complex met the Klein-Kruitberg complex. It exploded in a fireball, which caused the building to partially collapse inward, destroying dozens of apartments. The cockpit came to rest east of the building, between the building
504:
only with difficulty and the inboard engine on the wing is not visible at all. Given the choices that the captain and crew made following the loss of engine power, the Dutch parliamentary inquiry commission that later studied the crash concluded that the crew did not know that both engines had broken
1091:
on
October 4, 2022, the thirty-year anniversary of the crash. It follows a Bijlmermeer-based veterinarian and two journalists who find themselves drawn into a years-long investigation into the many puzzling questions surrounding the official narrative about the crash. The series was awarded the 2022
522:
was inoperative and because the thrust of the left engines was increased in an attempt to reduce the aircraft's very high sink rate. As the aircraft slowed, the ability of the remaining controls to counteract the right roll diminished. The crew finally lost almost all ability to prevent the aircraft
512:
The aircraft was still too high and close to land when it circled back to the airport. It was forced to continue circling
Amsterdam until it could reduce altitude to that required for a final approach to landing. During the second circle, the wing flaps were extended. The inboard trailing edge flaps
575:
At the time of the crash, two police officers were in
Bijlmermeer checking on a burglary report. They saw the aircraft plummet and immediately sounded an alarm. The first fire trucks and rescue services arrived within a few minutes of the crash. Nearby hospitals were advised to prepare for hundreds
410:
Gedalya Sofer (61). A single passenger named Anat
Solomon (23) was on board. She was an El Al employee based in Amsterdam, and was travelling to Tel Aviv to marry another El Al employee. Captain Fuchs was an experienced aviator, having flown as a fighter-bomber pilot in the Israeli air force in the
683:
Research indicated that the crew were able to keep the aircraft in the air at first due to its high air speed (280 knots), though the damage to the right wing, resulting in reduced lift, had made keeping level more difficult. At 280 kn (520 km/h; 320 mph), nevertheless, lift on the
447:
4 (right wing, farthest from fuselage), tearing it from the wing. The two engines fell away from the aircraft, also ripping out a 10 m (33 ft) stretch of the wing's leading edge. The loud noise attracted the attention of some pleasure boaters on the
Gooimeer. The boaters notified the
878:
Mental health care was available after the crash to all affected residents and service personnel. After about a year, many residents and service personnel began approaching doctors with physical health symptoms, which the affected patients blamed on the El Al crash. Insomnia, chronic respiratory
679:
This sequence of consecutive failures caused the inboard engine and pylon to break free. Its trajectory after breaking off the wing caused it to slam into the outboard engine and rip it and its pylon off the wing. Serious damage was also caused to the leading edge of the right wing. Both loss of
928:
among the survivors could be directly attributed to the crash, and health notices were distributed to doctors throughout the
Netherlands requesting that extra attention be paid to symptoms of autoimmune disorder, particularly if the patient had a link with the Bijlmer crash site. Another study,
319:
43 people were killed, including all four on board and 39 on the ground. 11 people were seriously injured and 15 received minor injuries. The exact number killed on the ground is uncertain, as the building housed many unregistered residents. The crash is the deadliest aviation disaster to have
724:
Forty-three people were killed in the disaster: all four occupants of the aircraft (three crew members and one nonrevenue passenger) and 39 people on the ground. This was considerably lower than expected; the police had originally estimated a death toll over 200 and Amsterdam Mayor
563:
During the last moments of the flight, the ATCs made several desperate attempts to contact the aircraft. The Schiphol arrival controllers work from a closed building at Schiphol-East, not from the control tower. At 18:35:45, the control tower reported to the arrival controllers:
644:
to the wing are designed to fracture cleanly, allowing the engine to separate from the aircraft without damaging the wing or wing fuel tank. Airliners are generally designed to remain airworthy in the event of an engine failure or separation, so they can be landed safely.
426:
El Al Flight 1862 was scheduled to depart at 17:30, but was delayed until 18:20. It departed from runway 01L Zwanenburgbaan (now known as runway 36C) on a northerly heading at 18:22. Once airborne, the aircraft turned to the right. Soon after the turn, at 18:27, above the
508:
On the night of the crash, the landing runway in use at Schiphol was runway 06. The crew requested runway 27 – Schiphol's longest – for an emergency landing, even though it meant landing with a 21-knot (10.8 m/s; 38.9 km/h; 24.2 mph) quartering tailwind.
2133:
977:
license. According to the chemical weapons website CWInfo, the quantity involved was "too small for the preparation of a militarily useful quantity of Sarin, but would be consistent with making small quantities for testing detection methods and protective clothing."
933:, concluded that although toxic products had been released at the time of the crash, the added risks of cancer were small, about one or two additional cases per 10,000 exposed persons. The institute also concluded that the chances of uranium poisoning were minimal.
916:
that dangerous products would have been released during combustion of the depleted uranium in the tail of the Boeing 747. - an eventuality given consideration, but ruled out as improbable, in the Netherlands Air Safety Board's 1994 final report of the accident.
1014:. Engines No. 3 and No. 4 (Both right wing engines) detached from the aircraft – this time on a Boeing 707. Again, No. 3 engine detached and collided with No. 4 engine, tearing it off as well. On this occasion, the crew was able to land safely at
1043:
After this accident, Boeing issued a service directive to all owners of the 747 regarding its fuse pins. Engines and pylons had to be removed from 747s and the fuse pins examined for defects. If cracks were present, the pins were to be replaced.
526:
At 18:35:25, the first officer radioed to ATC: "Going down, 1862, going down, going down, copied, going down." In the background, the captain was heard instructing the first officer in Hebrew to raise the flaps and lower the landing gear.
431:, a lake near Amsterdam, witnesses on the ground heard a sharp bang and saw falling debris, a trail of smoke, and a momentary flash of fire on the right wing while the aircraft was climbing through 1,950 m (6,400 ft). Engine No.
611:
In the days immediately following the disaster, bodies of victims were recovered from the crash site. The mayor ordered rubble and aircraft wreckage removed, and investigators found the critical engine pylon fuse pins in the
596:
Hundreds of people were left homeless by the crash; the city's municipal buses were used to transport survivors to emergency shelters. Firefighters and police were also forced to deal with reports of looting in the area.
452:
of two objects they had seen falling from the sky. One boater, a police officer, said he initially thought the two falling objects were parachutists, but as they fell closer he could see that they were plane engines.
964:
nerve gases. The State of Israel noted that the chemical had been listed on the cargo manifest in accordance with international regulations, the material was nontoxic, and its intended use was to test the filters of
2261:
616:. The two fallen engines were recovered from the Gooimeer, as were pieces of a 9-metre (30 ft) section of the right wing's leading edge. The remains of the aircraft were transported to Schiphol for analysis.
2908:
2848:
517:
than the right, especially when the pitch attitude increased as the airspeed decreased. The increased lift on the left side increased the tendency to roll further to the right, both because the right outboard
2299:
1259:
The wind was initially from 40 degrees at 21 knots (10.8 m/s; 38.9 km/h; 24.2 mph), and then 50 at 22 knots (11.3 m/s; 40.7 km/h; 25.3 mph). Runway 27 is aligned due west.
896:
Dutch officials from government departments of transport and of public health asserted that at the time of the crash, they understood that no health risks existed from any cargo on the aircraft;
2425:
576:
of casualties. The complex was partly inhabited by immigrants from Suriname and Aruba, both former Dutch colonies, and the death toll was difficult to estimate in the hours after the crash.
930:
732:
A belief has persisted that the actual number of victims killed in the crash was considerably higher. Bijlmermeer has a high number of residents living there illegally, particularly from
2527:
398:
The jet landed in Schiphol at 14:40 for cargo loading and crew change. The aircraft was refueled and the observed issues were repaired, at least provisionally. The crew consisted of
2292:
1000:
On 16 January 1987, a Transbrasil Boeing 707 (PT-TCP) lost its No. 2 engine with 150 people on board. It landed without incident and was later ferried on three engines for repair.
1232:
for each company that buys one of its aircraft, which was applied as a suffix in the model number at the time the aircraft is built. The code for El Al is "58", hence "747-258F".
948:
The survivors' health complaints following the crash increased the number of questions about the cargo. In 1998, El Al spokesman Nachman Klieman publicly revealed that 190L of
1198:
969:
detectors. The Dutch foreign ministry confirmed that it had already known about the presence of chemicals on the aircraft. The shipment was from a US chemical plant to the
2878:
2285:
1250:
In aviation, the term "lost" in this context means "engine failure", referring to an engine ceasing to provide thrust, rather than physically separating from the aircraft.
2308:
879:
infections, general pain and discomfort, impotence, flatulence, and bowel symptoms were all reported. About 67% of the affected patients were found to be infected with
2571:
2241:
1379:
752:
and Georges Descombes, was built near the crash site with the names of the victims. Flowers are laid at a grey poplar tree that survived the disaster, referred to as "
2883:
2858:
1241:
Initially, the first officer was the pilot flying while the captain was making calls to ATC. These roles were immediately swapped following the engine separation.
2520:
2266:
729:
had said that 240 people were missing. Twenty-six people sustained nonfatal injuries; 11 of these were injured seriously enough to require hospital treatment.
1585:
904:
materials" had been on board. In October 1993, the nuclear energy research foundation Laka reported that the tail contained 282 kilograms (622 lb) of
2853:
2829:
2823:
2513:
874:
Amsterdam mayor Ed van Thijn during the first remembrance ceremony for the Bijlmer disaster in October 1992. The location is close to the crash site.
740:, and members of the Ghanaian community stated that they lost a considerable number of undocumented occupants who were not counted among the dead.
1390:
608:
visited the scene of the disaster the following afternoon. The prime minister said, "This is a disaster that has shaken the whole country."
1037:
1940:
1546:
Aloni, Shlomo. "Last of the fighting 'Wooden Wonders': The DH Mosquito in Israeli service" September/October 1999 article with photo in
336:
as 4X-AXG. The aircraft had flown 45,746 hours and completed 10,107 flight cycles before the crash. The aircraft was equipped with four
2873:
2751:
1772:
1088:
1007:
had crashed when its No. 3 and No. 4 engines fell off shortly after takeoff from Taipei, resulting in the death of all five occupants.
2893:
760:). A public memorial is held annually to mark the disaster; no planes fly over the area for one hour out of respect for the victims.
680:
hydraulic power and damage to the right wing prevented correct operation of the flaps that the crew later tried to extend in flight.
2256:
2457:
2157:
Een gat in mijn hart: een boek gebaseerd op tekeningen en teksten van kinderen na de vliegramp in de Bijlmermeer van 4 oktober 1992
1619:
970:
941:
Soon after the disaster, it was announced that the aircraft had contained fruit, perfumes, and computer components. Dutch Minister
74:
1171:- 1991 air disaster also involving loss of control due to an in-flight separation of two engines in near identical circumstances
838:
2903:
2888:
2771:
2611:
1786:
1710:
810:
2701:
2382:
2347:
1053:
376:
184:
1967:
593:
escape from the remainder of the building. Witnesses reported seeing people jumping out of the building to escape the fire.
974:
1913:
2791:
2741:
2591:
953:
817:
656:
prior to overload failure. The board developed a scenario of a probable sequence of events for the loss of engine three:
2601:
1682:
2711:
2398:
2355:
791:
1380:"Aircraft accident report 92-11 : El Al Flight 1862 Boeing 747-258F 4X-AXG Bijlmermeer, Amsterdam 4 October 1992"
1305:
1279:
628:
from the wreckage area, it was never found, though El Al employees stated that it had been installed in the aircraft.
2671:
2245:
1897:
1649:
857:
649:
418:
for 10 years. First Officer Arnon Ohad had flown for El Al for 10 years, Flight Engineer Gedalya Sofer for 37 years.
353:
1740:
2868:
2811:
2537:
2192:
1386:
1192:
1033:
1029:
824:
547:
The crash location (plane icon) within the neighborhood as it stood in 2007. (grey designates demolished buildings)
380:
210:
1807:
1180:
908:
as counterweight, as did all Boeing 747s at the time; this was not known during the rescue and recovery process.
560:
and the viaduct of Amsterdam Metro Line 53; the tail broke off and was blown back by the force of the explosion.
395:
three, the inboard engine on the right wing that would later detach from the aircraft and initiate the accident.
392:
2661:
795:
403:
1809:
806:
2492:
2465:
2406:
2374:
1229:
2631:
2484:
2237:
1186:
1174:
1011:
1425:"Two engines separate from the right wing and result in loss of control and crash of Boeing 747 freighter"
671:
Overload failure of the outboard midspar fuse pin at the outboard thin-walled and fatigue-cracked location
2898:
2863:
2781:
2731:
2681:
2220:
2212:
2199:
1064:
391:
speed regulation, problems with a radio, and fluctuations in the voltage of the electrical generator on
2651:
1203:
1084:
1025:
707 cargo flight was forced to return to Miami, when the No. 3 engine separated shortly after takeoff.
949:
921:
384:
199:
67:
2277:
1470:
1015:
2449:
2433:
1808:
Uijt de Haag P.A. and Smetsers R.C. and Witlox H.W. and Krus H.W. and Eisenga A.H. (28 August 2000).
1168:
1004:
2913:
2641:
2216:
890:
399:
2505:
1412:
784:
337:
1408:
2087:
2062:
2037:
2012:
831:
625:
449:
1810:"Evaluating the risk from depleted uranium after the Boeing 747-258F crash in Amsterdam, 1992"
2561:
2204:
1569:
1209:
1058:
753:
709:
665:
and then overload failure of the inboard midspar fuse pin at the inboard thin-walled location
372:
361:
333:
171:
1306:"Crash of a Boeing 747-258F in Amsterdam: 47 killed | Bureau of Aircraft Accidents Archives"
551:
At 18:35:42 local time, the aircraft nose-dived from the sky and crashed into two high-rise
523:
from rolling to the right. The roll reached 90° just before the impact with the apartments.
387:. During the flight from New York to Schiphol, three issues were noted: fluctuations in the
2801:
2721:
2581:
1824:
620:
8:
1093:
925:
497:
1828:
1448:
414:
Captain Yitzhak Fuchs had flown for El Al for 28 years and had previously served in the
1945:
1624:
1590:
1127:
749:
653:
440:
63:
2251:
2248:. Originally issued in English, with a Dutch translation to be issued at a later time.
1986:
1836:
1521:
1893:
1866:
1840:
1789:[Bijlmer disaster commemorated for sixteenth time] (in Dutch). 4 October 2008
1766:
1586:"The El Al Crash; In the Netherlands, The Struggle of Immigrants And Sudden Disaster"
942:
886:
674:
Overload failure of the outboard midspar fuse pin at the inboard thin-walled location
552:
415:
1183:- 6 February 1991 air incident also involving an in-flight separation of two engines
993:
In 8 April 1968, an engine and pylon had fallen off a Boeing 707, being operated as
2621:
1832:
1718:
1522:"Sole El Al Passenger Was Going Home To Get Married With AM-Netherlands-Crash, Bjt"
924:(AMC), began in May 1998. The AMC eventually concluded that up to a dozen cases of
905:
348:
1228:
The aircraft was a Boeing 747-200F (for Freighter) model; Boeing used to assign a
648:
However, damage to a wing or wing fuel tank can have disastrous consequences. The
2175:
2137:
1971:
1163:
1141:
994:
966:
900:, minister of public health, stated that "no extremely toxic, very dangerous, or
584:
407:
130:
2038:"Accident description, Tuesday 31 March 1992, Trans-Air Service Boeing 707-321C"
2691:
2390:
2331:
2323:
2088:"Accident description, Wednesday 31 March 1993, Japan Air Lines Boeing 747-121"
2013:"Accident description, Sunday 29 December 1991, China Airlines Boeing 747-2R7F"
1917:
305:
188:
2271:
2063:"Accident description, Saturday 25 April 1992, Tampa Columbia Boeing 707-324C"
1495:
1424:
2842:
1195:- 1993 air incident involving another 747 freighter with an engine detachment
1113:
1022:
662:
605:
535:
329:
89:
76:
1844:
1189:- 1979 air disaster also involving loss of control due to engine detachment
1155:
870:
726:
601:
514:
439:) separated from the right wing of the aircraft, shot forward, damaged the
920:
The first studies on the symptoms reported by survivors, performed by the
1888:
Genzmer, Herber; Kershner, Sybille; Schutz, Christian (21 January 1989).
1747:
1177:- 1992 air incident also involving an in-flight separation of two engines
901:
556:
297:
2187:
2112:
1657:
704:
2909:
Airliner accidents and incidents involving in-flight engine separations
2849:
Airliner accidents and incidents caused by in-flight structural failure
2307:
987:
881:
798: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
716:
289:
28:
668:
Overload failure of the outer lug of the inboard midspar pylon fitting
2274:. Planecrashinfo.com (4 October 1992). Retrieved on 9 September 2011.
1076:
1072:
outside North America (in the 2016 episode "High Rise Catastrophe").
897:
637:
543:
388:
301:
1075:
The crash and its aftermath were the basis for a five-part Dutch TV
773:
2535:
1687:
945:
asserted that she was certain that it contained no military cargo.
737:
613:
456:
436:
428:
214:
652:
found that the fuse pins had not failed properly, but instead had
2141:
913:
641:
519:
501:
2134:
A Brilliant New Dutch Thriller Shames El Al for Its Darkest Hour
588:
Cockpit voice recorder of the type that would have been on board
2191:, Nationaal Lucht- en Ruimtevaartlaboratorium (NLR TP 96719). (
1206:- 1989 aircraft crash involving several passengers from Bijlmer
1149:
692:
493:
477:
365:
296:, crashed into the Groeneveen and Klein-Kruitberg flats in the
1451:(in Dutch). Nederlandse Omroep Stichting (NOS). 4 October 2012
990:
and 747 engine pylons, which were nearly identical in design.
2164:
Going down, going down: De ware toedracht van de Bijlmerramp.
1199:
List of accidents and incidents involving commercial aircraft
961:
957:
733:
569:
293:
140:
640:
experience excessive load, the fuse pins holding the engine
55:
Crashed following dual engine separation and loss of control
2339:
1040:
after the No. 2 engine (inner-most left engine) detached.
986:
This was one of several accidents caused by problems with
371:
On 4 October 1992, the cargo aircraft, a Boeing 747-258F,
1941:"Nerve-Gas Element Was in El Al Plane Lost in 1992 Crash"
1867:"Uranium Pollution from the Amsterdam 1992 Plane Crash"
2180:
Doemvlucht: de verzwegen geheimen van de Bijlmerramp.
1985:
Van Den Burg, Harm; Knip, Karel (30 September 1998).
1887:
539:
The aircraft's likely position at the point of impact
460:
A map of Amsterdam showing the aircraft's flight path
1968:"Nerve Agent Precursor: Dimethyl Methyl Phosphonate"
1620:"Dutch Search for Their Dead Where El Al Plane Fell"
1476:. Nederlands Aviation Safety Board. 24 February 1993
1471:"Aircraft Accident Report 92-11 - El Al Flight 1862"
1280:"Crash of a Boeing 747-258F in Amsterdam: 47 killed"
1103:
687:
The official probable causes were determined to be:
356:
on 23 August 1992, over a month before the accident.
2879:
Aviation accidents and incidents in the Netherlands
2309:
Aviation accidents and incidents in the Netherlands
1989:[Raw material poison gas in Boeing El Al].
1010:In 31 March 1992, a similar scenario occurred with
624:Despite intensive search activities to recover the
981:
912:site. In 1997, an expert testified in the Israeli
2211:The crash was featured on the 15th season of the
1864:
572:, and emergency personnel were sent immediately.
2884:Accidents and incidents involving the Boeing 747
2859:Accidents and incidents involving cargo aircraft
2840:
2188:Fatigue and Fracture in an Aircraft Engine Pylon
2170:Een beladen vlucht: eindrapport Bijlmer enquête.
1984:
1062:(in the 2006 episode "Amsterdam Air Crash") and
1087:), which premiered on Dutch public broadcaster
2257:Photographs of the disaster on AirDisaster.com
1914:"Israel says El Al crash chemical 'non-toxic'"
2521:
2293:
2252:Corrosion Doctors' entry on El Al Flight 1862
1032:, a Boeing 747-121F (freighter), operated by
931:Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu
328:The aircraft involved was a Boeing 747-258F,
885:, and suffered from symptoms similar to the
310:
2752:Pakistan International Airlines Flight 268
2528:
2514:
2300:
2286:
2114:Mayday - Air Crash Investigation (S01-S22)
1787:"Bijlmerramp voor zestiende keer herdacht"
1654:National Fire Service Documentation Centre
1617:
1564:
1562:
1560:
1558:
1556:
1519:
720:Flight 1862 Memorial by Herman Hertzberger
486:6. Aircraft becomes totally uncontrollable
300:(colloquially "Bijlmer") neighbourhood of
27:
1938:
858:Learn how and when to remove this message
304:, the Netherlands. The crash is known in
2854:Aviation accidents and incidents in 1992
1374:
1372:
1370:
1368:
1366:
1364:
1362:
1360:
1358:
1356:
1354:
1352:
1350:
1348:
1346:
971:Israel Institute for Biological Research
869:
715:
703:
583:
542:
534:
484:5. Pilot reports problems with the flaps
455:
347:
1644:
1642:
1613:
1611:
1609:
1553:
1344:
1342:
1340:
1338:
1336:
1334:
1332:
1330:
1328:
1326:
1286:. Bureau of Aircraft Accidents Archives
2841:
2772:Merpati Nusantara Airlines Flight 5601
2612:Air Transport International Flight 805
2267:Pre-disaster photos from Airliners.net
1771:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
1677:
1675:
1618:Montgomery, Paul L. (6 October 1992).
1580:
1578:
443:, then fell back and struck engine No.
352:4X-AXG, the aircraft involved seen at
292:cargo aircraft of the Israeli airline
2702:Thai Airways International Flight 311
2509:
2281:
1916:. BBC. 2 October 1998. Archived from
1520:Socolovsky, Jerome (6 October 1992).
1443:
1441:
1404:
1402:
1400:
377:John F. Kennedy International Airport
185:John F. Kennedy International Airport
1639:
1606:
1323:
796:adding citations to reliable sources
767:
691:The design and certification of the
2792:China Southern Airlines Flight 3943
2458:Belgian Air Force Hercules accident
1672:
1575:
748:A memorial, designed by architects
482:4. Pilot reports fire in the engine
16:1992 plane crash in the Netherlands
13:
2712:China General Aviation Flight 7552
2185:R. J. H. Wanhill and A. Oldersma,
2149:
1987:"Grondstof gifgas in Boeing El Al"
1939:Greenberg, Joel (2 October 1998).
1683:"El Al jumbo crashes in Amsterdam"
1438:
1397:
1389:. 24 February 1994. Archived from
708:Memorial for the victims next to "
14:
2925:
2874:1992 disasters in the Netherlands
2246:Netherlands Aviation Safety Board
2231:
1496:"Accident Boeing 747-258F 4X-AXG"
650:Netherlands Aviation Safety Board
636:When Boeing 747 engine or engine
354:Los Angeles International Airport
2812:Libyan Arab Airlines Flight 1103
2602:Aerolíneas Argentinas Flight 386
2538:Aviation accidents and incidents
2426:Venlo Northrop NF-5A plane crash
2383:Amsterdam KLM Douglas C-47 crash
2348:KLM Fokker F.III Waalhaven crash
1387:Nederlands Aviation Safety Board
1193:Japan Air Lines Cargo Flight 46E
1148:
1134:
1120:
1106:
1034:Evergreen International Airlines
1030:Japan Air Lines Cargo Flight 46E
772:
763:
381:Ben Gurion International Airport
211:Ben Gurion International Airport
2127:
2105:
2080:
2055:
2030:
2005:
1978:
1960:
1932:
1906:
1881:
1858:
1801:
1779:
1733:
1703:
1540:
1513:
1253:
1244:
1235:
1038:Anchorage International Airport
982:Related accidents and aftermath
783:needs additional citations for
2742:Nigerian Air Force C-130 crash
2662:GP Express Airlines Flight 861
2592:Azerbaijani Mil Mi-8 shootdown
2198:This event is featured on the
1865:Henk van der Keur (May 1999).
1817:Journal of Hazardous Materials
1488:
1463:
1417:
1298:
1272:
1222:
1052:The crash was depicted in the
383:in Israel, made a stopover at
360:All times in this article are
1:
2904:October 1992 events in Europe
2889:El Al accidents and incidents
2493:Longtail Aviation Flight 5504
2399:Eindhoven Lockheed T-33 crash
2356:Amsterdam Fokker F.XXII crash
1837:10.1016/S0304-3894(00)00183-7
1266:
1181:1991 Gulf War KC-135 incident
1047:
320:occurred in the Netherlands.
2894:Israel–Netherlands relations
2672:Tbilisi Tupolev Tu-154 crash
2632:Trans-Air Service Flight 671
2485:Turkish Airlines Flight 1951
2182:Utrecht: Het Spectrum, 2002.
1187:American Airlines Flight 191
1175:Trans-Air Service Flight 671
1012:Trans-Air Service Flight 671
997:, resulting in five deaths.
579:
7:
2782:Vietnam Airlines Flight 474
2732:Vietnam Airlines Flight 850
2682:Mandala Airlines Flight 660
2213:National Geographic Channel
2200:National Geographic Channel
1434:. Flight Safety Foundation.
1099:
743:
343:
338:Pratt & Whitney JT9D-7J
323:
10:
2930:
2652:American Eagle Flight 5456
2340:Coastal Cluster C.26 crash
1656:(in Dutch). Archived from
1204:Surinam Airways Flight 764
950:dimethyl methylphosphonate
922:Academisch Medisch Centrum
699:
505:away from the right wing.
435:3 (right wing, nearest to
385:Amsterdam Schiphol Airport
359:
200:Amsterdam Schiphol Airport
68:Amsterdam Schiphol Airport
2821:
2553:
2476:
2450:KLM Cityhopper Flight 433
2434:NLM CityHopper Flight 431
2417:
2366:
2315:
2166:Amsterdam: Pandora, 1999.
2159:. Zwolle: Waanders, 1993.
1169:China Airlines Flight 358
1005:China Airlines Flight 358
975:US Department of Commerce
631:
492:The first officer made a
421:
278:26 (11 serious, 15 minor)
274:
266:
261:
253:
245:
237:
229:
221:
206:
195:
180:
170:
162:
154:
146:
136:
126:
121:
113:
105:
59:
51:
43:
38:
33:Aftermath of the disaster
26:
2642:Copa Airlines Flight 201
2466:Texel Douglas DC-3 crash
2407:F-84 Thunderstreak crash
2375:Apeldoorn aircraft crash
2262:Google Maps view of site
2238:Aircraft accident report
2217:Discovery Channel Canada
1215:
1018:in the south of France.
936:
891:chronic fatigue syndrome
754:the tree that saw it all
710:the tree that saw it all
530:
375:4X-AXG, travelling from
2869:1992 in the Netherlands
2572:ECMM helicopter downing
2225:Air Crash Investigation
1413:Aviation Safety Network
1070:Air Crash Investigation
954:CWC schedule 2 chemical
1568:"Amsterdam Air Crash"
875:
721:
713:
697:
677:
626:cockpit voice recorder
589:
548:
540:
489:
450:Netherlands Coastguard
357:
311:
2562:CommutAir Flight 4821
2205:Seconds From Disaster
1993:(in Dutch). Rotterdam
1570:Seconds From Disaster
1449:"20 jaar Bijlmerramp"
1210:2020 Juba AN-26 crash
1083:(‘Disaster Flight’) (
1059:Seconds from Disaster
1003:In 29 December 1991,
873:
758:de boom die alles zag
719:
707:
689:
658:
587:
546:
538:
459:
406:Arnon Ohad (32), and
362:Central European Time
351:
2802:Martinair Flight 495
2722:Aeroflot Flight 2808
2582:Air Inter Flight 148
2172:Sdu Uitgevers, 1999.
1974:on 4 September 2013.
1572:Season 2, Episode 15
1409:Accident description
1230:unique customer code
1096:for Best TV Series.
926:autoimmune disorders
792:improve this article
621:flight data recorder
402:Yitzhak Fuchs (59),
316:(Bijlmer disaster).
90:52.31889°N 4.97500°E
2830:► 1993
2824:1991 ◄
1829:2000JHzM...76...39U
1500:aviation-safety.net
1056:documentary series
1054:National Geographic
807:"El Al Flight 1862"
661:Gradual failure by
553:apartment complexes
498:air traffic control
488:7. Aircraft crashes
284:On 4 October 1992,
86: /
23:
2899:Amsterdam-Zuidoost
2864:1990s in Amsterdam
2827:
1946:The New York Times
1721:on 20 January 2015
1625:The New York Times
1591:The New York Times
1528:. Associated Press
1128:Netherlands portal
1028:In 31 March 1993,
876:
750:Herman Hertzberger
722:
714:
590:
549:
541:
490:
480:broadcast by pilot
358:
127:Aircraft type
64:Amsterdam-Zuidoost
21:
2836:
2835:
2762:El Al Flight 1862
2503:
2502:
2442:El Al Flight 1862
1920:on 18 August 2003
1869:. Laka Foundation
1715:Amsterdam Tourism
1660:on 7 January 2015
1594:. 11 October 1992
1310:www.baaa-acro.com
1284:www.baaa-acro.com
1021:In April 1992, a
943:Hanja Maij-Weggen
929:performed by the
887:Gulf War syndrome
868:
867:
860:
842:
474:3 and 4 come down
468:3 and 4 break off
416:Israeli Air Force
286:El Al Flight 1862
282:
281:
267:Ground fatalities
262:Ground casualties
95:52.31889; 4.97500
22:El Al Flight 1862
2921:
2828:
2622:USAir Flight 405
2548:
2547:
2545:
2530:
2523:
2516:
2507:
2506:
2496:
2488:
2469:
2468:(September 1996)
2461:
2453:
2445:
2437:
2429:
2410:
2402:
2401:(September 1956)
2394:
2386:
2378:
2359:
2351:
2343:
2335:
2327:
2302:
2295:
2288:
2279:
2278:
2162:Vincent Dekker,
2144:
2140:, Oct 19, 2022,
2131:
2125:
2124:
2123:
2121:
2109:
2103:
2102:
2100:
2098:
2084:
2078:
2077:
2075:
2073:
2059:
2053:
2052:
2050:
2048:
2034:
2028:
2027:
2025:
2023:
2009:
2003:
2002:
2000:
1998:
1982:
1976:
1975:
1970:. Archived from
1964:
1958:
1957:
1955:
1953:
1936:
1930:
1929:
1927:
1925:
1910:
1904:
1903:
1885:
1879:
1878:
1876:
1874:
1862:
1856:
1855:
1853:
1851:
1814:
1805:
1799:
1798:
1796:
1794:
1783:
1777:
1776:
1770:
1762:
1760:
1758:
1752:
1746:. Archived from
1745:
1737:
1731:
1730:
1728:
1726:
1717:. Archived from
1707:
1701:
1700:
1698:
1696:
1691:. 4 October 1992
1679:
1670:
1669:
1667:
1665:
1646:
1637:
1636:
1634:
1632:
1615:
1604:
1603:
1601:
1599:
1582:
1573:
1566:
1551:
1544:
1538:
1537:
1535:
1533:
1517:
1511:
1510:
1508:
1506:
1492:
1486:
1485:
1483:
1481:
1475:
1467:
1461:
1460:
1458:
1456:
1445:
1436:
1435:
1432:flightsafety.org
1429:
1421:
1415:
1406:
1395:
1394:
1393:on 26 June 2008.
1384:
1376:
1321:
1320:
1318:
1316:
1302:
1296:
1295:
1293:
1291:
1276:
1260:
1257:
1251:
1248:
1242:
1239:
1233:
1226:
1158:
1153:
1152:
1144:
1139:
1138:
1137:
1130:
1125:
1124:
1123:
1116:
1111:
1110:
1109:
906:depleted uranium
893:-like symptoms.
863:
856:
852:
849:
843:
841:
800:
776:
768:
566:"Het is gebeurd"
473:
467:
462:marked in green:
446:
434:
314:
106:Total fatalities
101:
100:
98:
97:
96:
91:
87:
84:
83:
82:
79:
31:
24:
20:
2929:
2928:
2924:
2923:
2922:
2920:
2919:
2918:
2914:High-rise fires
2839:
2838:
2837:
2832:
2826:
2817:
2816:
2815:
2814:
2809:
2805:
2804:
2799:
2795:
2794:
2789:
2785:
2784:
2779:
2775:
2774:
2769:
2765:
2764:
2759:
2755:
2754:
2749:
2745:
2744:
2739:
2735:
2734:
2729:
2725:
2724:
2719:
2715:
2714:
2709:
2705:
2704:
2699:
2695:
2694:
2689:
2685:
2684:
2679:
2675:
2674:
2669:
2665:
2664:
2659:
2655:
2654:
2649:
2645:
2644:
2639:
2635:
2634:
2629:
2625:
2624:
2619:
2615:
2614:
2609:
2605:
2604:
2599:
2595:
2594:
2589:
2585:
2584:
2579:
2575:
2574:
2569:
2565:
2564:
2559:
2549:
2543:
2541:
2536:
2534:
2504:
2499:
2495:(February 2021)
2491:
2487:(February 2009)
2483:
2472:
2464:
2456:
2448:
2440:
2432:
2424:
2413:
2409:(November 1960)
2405:
2397:
2389:
2385:(November 1946)
2381:
2373:
2362:
2354:
2346:
2338:
2330:
2326:(February 1916)
2322:
2311:
2306:
2234:
2176:Pierre Heijboer
2152:
2150:Further reading
2147:
2138:Adrian Hennigan
2132:
2128:
2119:
2117:
2111:
2110:
2106:
2096:
2094:
2086:
2085:
2081:
2071:
2069:
2061:
2060:
2056:
2046:
2044:
2036:
2035:
2031:
2021:
2019:
2011:
2010:
2006:
1996:
1994:
1991:NRC Handelsblad
1983:
1979:
1966:
1965:
1961:
1951:
1949:
1937:
1933:
1923:
1921:
1912:
1911:
1907:
1900:
1890:Great Disasters
1886:
1882:
1872:
1870:
1863:
1859:
1849:
1847:
1812:
1806:
1802:
1792:
1790:
1785:
1784:
1780:
1764:
1763:
1756:
1754:
1750:
1743:
1741:"Archived copy"
1739:
1738:
1734:
1724:
1722:
1709:
1708:
1704:
1694:
1692:
1681:
1680:
1673:
1663:
1661:
1648:
1647:
1640:
1630:
1628:
1616:
1607:
1597:
1595:
1584:
1583:
1576:
1567:
1554:
1545:
1541:
1531:
1529:
1518:
1514:
1504:
1502:
1494:
1493:
1489:
1479:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1468:
1464:
1454:
1452:
1447:
1446:
1439:
1427:
1423:
1422:
1418:
1407:
1398:
1382:
1378:
1377:
1324:
1314:
1312:
1304:
1303:
1299:
1289:
1287:
1278:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1264:
1263:
1258:
1254:
1249:
1245:
1240:
1236:
1227:
1223:
1218:
1164:Aviation safety
1154:
1147:
1142:Aviation portal
1140:
1135:
1133:
1126:
1121:
1119:
1112:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1050:
1016:Istres Air Base
995:BOAC Flight 712
984:
967:chemical weapon
939:
864:
853:
847:
844:
801:
799:
789:
777:
766:
746:
702:
634:
619:The aircraft's
600:Prime Minister
582:
533:
487:
485:
483:
481:
475:
471:
469:
465:
463:
461:
444:
432:
424:
408:Flight Engineer
379:in New York to
369:
346:
326:
275:Ground injuries
191:, United States
155:ICAO flight No.
147:IATA flight No.
131:Boeing 747-258F
94:
92:
88:
85:
80:
77:
75:
73:
72:
71:
34:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2927:
2917:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2834:
2833:
2822:
2819:
2818:
2810:
2807:
2806:
2800:
2797:
2796:
2790:
2787:
2786:
2780:
2777:
2776:
2770:
2767:
2766:
2760:
2757:
2756:
2750:
2747:
2746:
2740:
2737:
2736:
2730:
2727:
2726:
2720:
2717:
2716:
2710:
2707:
2706:
2700:
2697:
2696:
2692:TWA Flight 843
2690:
2687:
2686:
2680:
2677:
2676:
2670:
2667:
2666:
2660:
2657:
2656:
2650:
2647:
2646:
2640:
2637:
2636:
2630:
2627:
2626:
2620:
2617:
2616:
2610:
2607:
2606:
2600:
2597:
2596:
2590:
2587:
2586:
2580:
2577:
2576:
2570:
2567:
2566:
2560:
2557:
2556:
2555:
2554:
2551:
2550:
2533:
2532:
2525:
2518:
2510:
2501:
2500:
2498:
2497:
2489:
2480:
2478:
2474:
2473:
2471:
2470:
2462:
2454:
2446:
2444:(October 1992)
2438:
2436:(October 1981)
2430:
2428:(October 1980)
2421:
2419:
2415:
2414:
2412:
2411:
2403:
2395:
2391:KLM Flight 608
2387:
2379:
2377:(October 1946)
2370:
2368:
2364:
2363:
2361:
2360:
2352:
2344:
2336:
2332:Zeppelin LZ 64
2328:
2324:Zeppelin LZ 54
2319:
2317:
2313:
2312:
2305:
2304:
2297:
2290:
2282:
2276:
2275:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2233:
2232:External links
2230:
2229:
2228:
2209:
2196:
2183:
2173:
2167:
2160:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2145:
2126:
2104:
2079:
2054:
2029:
2004:
1977:
1959:
1931:
1905:
1898:
1880:
1857:
1800:
1778:
1753:on 29 May 2008
1732:
1702:
1671:
1638:
1605:
1574:
1552:
1548:Air Enthusiast
1539:
1512:
1487:
1462:
1437:
1416:
1396:
1322:
1297:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1262:
1261:
1252:
1243:
1234:
1220:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1213:
1212:
1207:
1201:
1196:
1190:
1184:
1178:
1172:
1166:
1160:
1159:
1145:
1131:
1117:
1101:
1098:
1079:series titled
1049:
1046:
1023:Tampa Colombia
983:
980:
938:
935:
866:
865:
780:
778:
771:
765:
762:
745:
742:
701:
698:
676:
675:
672:
669:
666:
654:fatigue cracks
633:
630:
581:
578:
532:
529:
470:2. Engine nos.
464:1. Engine nos.
423:
420:
345:
342:
325:
322:
280:
279:
276:
272:
271:
268:
264:
263:
259:
258:
255:
251:
250:
247:
243:
242:
239:
235:
234:
231:
227:
226:
223:
219:
218:
208:
204:
203:
197:
193:
192:
182:
178:
177:
174:
168:
167:
164:
160:
159:
156:
152:
151:
148:
144:
143:
138:
134:
133:
128:
124:
123:
119:
118:
115:
114:Total injuries
111:
110:
107:
103:
102:
70:, Netherlands
61:
57:
56:
53:
49:
48:
47:4 October 1992
45:
41:
40:
36:
35:
32:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2926:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2846:
2844:
2831:
2825:
2820:
2813:
2803:
2793:
2783:
2773:
2763:
2753:
2743:
2733:
2723:
2713:
2703:
2693:
2683:
2673:
2663:
2653:
2643:
2633:
2623:
2613:
2603:
2593:
2583:
2573:
2563:
2552:
2539:
2531:
2526:
2524:
2519:
2517:
2512:
2511:
2508:
2494:
2490:
2486:
2482:
2481:
2479:
2475:
2467:
2463:
2459:
2455:
2451:
2447:
2443:
2439:
2435:
2431:
2427:
2423:
2422:
2420:
2416:
2408:
2404:
2400:
2396:
2393:(August 1954)
2392:
2388:
2384:
2380:
2376:
2372:
2371:
2369:
2365:
2357:
2353:
2349:
2345:
2341:
2337:
2333:
2329:
2325:
2321:
2320:
2318:
2314:
2310:
2303:
2298:
2296:
2291:
2289:
2284:
2283:
2280:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2247:
2243:
2239:
2236:
2235:
2226:
2222:
2218:
2214:
2210:
2207:
2206:
2201:
2197:
2194:
2190:
2189:
2184:
2181:
2177:
2174:
2171:
2168:
2165:
2161:
2158:
2154:
2153:
2143:
2139:
2135:
2130:
2116:
2115:
2108:
2093:
2089:
2083:
2068:
2064:
2058:
2043:
2039:
2033:
2018:
2014:
2008:
1992:
1988:
1981:
1973:
1969:
1963:
1948:
1947:
1942:
1935:
1919:
1915:
1909:
1901:
1899:9781445410968
1895:
1891:
1884:
1868:
1861:
1846:
1842:
1838:
1834:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1818:
1811:
1804:
1788:
1782:
1774:
1768:
1749:
1742:
1736:
1720:
1716:
1712:
1711:"The Bijlmer"
1706:
1690:
1689:
1684:
1678:
1676:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1650:"Bijlmerramp"
1645:
1643:
1627:
1626:
1621:
1614:
1612:
1610:
1593:
1592:
1587:
1581:
1579:
1571:
1565:
1563:
1561:
1559:
1557:
1549:
1543:
1527:
1523:
1516:
1501:
1497:
1491:
1472:
1466:
1450:
1444:
1442:
1433:
1426:
1420:
1414:
1410:
1405:
1403:
1401:
1392:
1388:
1381:
1375:
1373:
1371:
1369:
1367:
1365:
1363:
1361:
1359:
1357:
1355:
1353:
1351:
1349:
1347:
1345:
1343:
1341:
1339:
1337:
1335:
1333:
1331:
1329:
1327:
1311:
1307:
1301:
1285:
1281:
1275:
1271:
1256:
1247:
1238:
1231:
1225:
1221:
1211:
1208:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1194:
1191:
1188:
1185:
1182:
1179:
1176:
1173:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1161:
1157:
1151:
1146:
1143:
1132:
1129:
1118:
1115:
1114:Israel portal
1104:
1097:
1095:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1073:
1071:
1067:
1066:
1061:
1060:
1055:
1045:
1041:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1026:
1024:
1019:
1017:
1013:
1008:
1006:
1001:
998:
996:
991:
989:
979:
976:
972:
968:
963:
959:
955:
951:
946:
944:
934:
932:
927:
923:
918:
915:
909:
907:
903:
899:
894:
892:
888:
884:
883:
872:
862:
859:
851:
840:
837:
833:
830:
826:
823:
819:
816:
812:
809: –
808:
804:
803:Find sources:
797:
793:
787:
786:
781:This section
779:
775:
770:
769:
764:Health issues
761:
759:
755:
751:
741:
739:
735:
730:
728:
718:
711:
706:
696:
694:
688:
685:
681:
673:
670:
667:
664:
660:
659:
657:
655:
651:
646:
643:
639:
629:
627:
622:
617:
615:
609:
607:
606:Queen Beatrix
603:
598:
594:
586:
577:
573:
571:
567:
561:
558:
554:
545:
537:
528:
524:
521:
516:
510:
506:
503:
499:
495:
479:
458:
454:
451:
442:
438:
430:
419:
417:
412:
409:
405:
404:First Officer
401:
396:
394:
393:engine number
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
367:
363:
355:
350:
341:
339:
335:
331:
321:
317:
315:
313:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
277:
273:
269:
265:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
228:
224:
220:
216:
212:
209:
205:
202:, Netherlands
201:
198:
194:
190:
186:
183:
181:Flight origin
179:
175:
173:
169:
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
142:
139:
135:
132:
129:
125:
120:
116:
112:
108:
104:
99:
69:
65:
62:
58:
54:
50:
46:
42:
37:
30:
25:
19:
2761:
2452:(April 1994)
2441:
2224:
2203:
2186:
2179:
2169:
2163:
2156:
2129:
2118:, retrieved
2113:
2107:
2095:. Retrieved
2091:
2082:
2070:. Retrieved
2066:
2057:
2045:. Retrieved
2041:
2032:
2020:. Retrieved
2016:
2007:
1995:. Retrieved
1990:
1980:
1972:the original
1962:
1950:. Retrieved
1944:
1934:
1922:. Retrieved
1918:the original
1908:
1892:. Parragon.
1889:
1883:
1871:. Retrieved
1860:
1848:. Retrieved
1823:(1): 39–58.
1820:
1816:
1803:
1791:. Retrieved
1781:
1755:. Retrieved
1748:the original
1735:
1723:. Retrieved
1719:the original
1714:
1705:
1693:. Retrieved
1686:
1662:. Retrieved
1658:the original
1653:
1629:. Retrieved
1623:
1596:. Retrieved
1589:
1547:
1542:
1530:. Retrieved
1525:
1515:
1503:. Retrieved
1499:
1490:
1478:. Retrieved
1465:
1453:. Retrieved
1431:
1419:
1391:the original
1313:. Retrieved
1309:
1300:
1288:. Retrieved
1283:
1274:
1255:
1246:
1237:
1224:
1156:1990s portal
1080:
1074:
1069:
1063:
1057:
1051:
1042:
1036:returned to
1027:
1020:
1009:
1002:
999:
992:
985:
947:
940:
919:
910:
895:
880:
877:
854:
848:October 2019
845:
835:
828:
821:
814:
802:
790:Please help
785:verification
782:
757:
747:
731:
727:Ed van Thijn
723:
690:
686:
682:
678:
647:
635:
618:
610:
602:Ruud Lubbers
599:
595:
591:
574:
565:
562:
550:
525:
511:
507:
491:
425:
413:
397:
373:registration
370:
327:
318:
309:
285:
283:
172:Registration
18:
2477:2000s-2020s
2460:(July 1996)
2418:1970s-1990s
2367:1940s-1960s
2358:(July 1935)
2350:(July 1928)
2316:1910s-1930s
2155:Theo Bean,
2120:16 February
1315:24 November
1290:24 November
1094:Golden Calf
1068:, known as
902:radioactive
557:Bijlmermeer
312:Bijlmerramp
298:Bijlmermeer
207:Destination
93: /
2843:Categories
2342:(Dec 1917)
2334:(May 1917)
2272:cvr 781228
1997:9 November
1952:11 October
1532:9 November
1480:21 January
1267:References
1081:Rampvlucht
1048:Depictions
988:Boeing 707
914:parliament
882:Mycoplasma
818:newspapers
441:wing slats
334:registered
290:Boeing 747
246:Fatalities
230:Passengers
1793:7 January
1725:7 January
1695:6 January
1664:7 January
1631:7 January
1598:7 January
1455:7 January
1077:docudrama
898:Els Borst
580:Aftermath
476:3. First
389:autopilot
340:engines.
302:Amsterdam
254:Survivors
222:Occupants
166:ELAL 1862
163:Call sign
81:4°58′30″E
78:52°19′8″N
2097:20 March
2072:20 March
2047:20 March
2022:20 March
1845:10863013
1767:cite web
1757:26 March
1688:BBC News
1100:See also
973:under a
744:Memorial
738:Suriname
614:landfill
496:call to
437:fuselage
429:Gooimeer
344:Accident
324:Aircraft
217:, Israel
215:Tel Aviv
196:Stopover
189:New York
137:Operator
122:Aircraft
39:Accident
2542: (
2540:in 1992
2242:Archive
2193:Archive
2142:Haaretz
1825:Bibcode
1550:No. 83.
1526:AP NEWS
1411:at the
832:scholar
700:Victims
663:fatigue
642:nacelle
555:in the
520:aileron
502:cockpit
472:
466:
445:
433:
400:Captain
332:21737,
308:as the
158:ELY1862
52:Summary
2808:Dec 22
2798:Dec 21
2788:Nov 24
2778:Nov 14
2768:Oct 18
2748:Sep 28
2738:Sep 26
2718:Aug 27
2708:Jul 31
2698:Jul 31
2688:Jul 30
2678:Jul 24
2668:Jul 20
2628:Mar 31
2618:Mar 22
2608:Feb 15
2598:Feb 14
2588:Jan 28
2578:Jan 20
2221:Mayday
1924:2 July
1896:
1873:16 May
1850:16 May
1843:
1065:Mayday
834:
827:
820:
813:
805:
693:Boeing
638:pylons
632:Causes
494:Mayday
478:mayday
422:Flight
176:4X-AXG
150:LY1862
2758:Oct 4
2728:Sep 4
2658:Jun 8
2648:Jun 7
2638:Jun 6
2568:Jan 7
2558:Jan 3
2219:show
2202:show
1813:(PDF)
1751:(PDF)
1744:(PDF)
1505:8 May
1474:(PDF)
1428:(PDF)
1383:(PDF)
1216:Notes
962:soman
958:sarin
937:Cargo
839:JSTOR
825:books
734:Ghana
570:Weesp
531:Crash
366:UTC+1
306:Dutch
294:El Al
141:El Al
66:Near
2544:1992
2215:and
2122:2024
2099:2015
2074:2015
2049:2015
2024:2015
1999:2019
1954:2007
1926:2006
1894:ISBN
1875:2007
1852:2007
1841:PMID
1795:2015
1773:link
1759:2008
1727:2015
1697:2015
1666:2015
1633:2015
1600:2015
1534:2019
1507:2024
1482:2024
1457:2015
1317:2021
1292:2021
960:and
952:, a
811:news
736:and
604:and
515:lift
288:, a
238:Crew
60:Site
44:Date
2223:or
2092:ASN
2067:ASN
2042:ASN
2017:ASN
1833:doi
1089:NPO
889:or
794:by
756:" (
330:MSN
2845::
2244:)
2178:,
2136:,
2090:.
2065:.
2040:.
2015:.
1943:.
1839:.
1831:.
1821:76
1819:.
1815:.
1769:}}
1765:{{
1713:.
1685:.
1674:^
1652:.
1641:^
1622:.
1608:^
1588:.
1577:^
1555:^
1524:.
1498:.
1440:^
1430:.
1399:^
1385:.
1325:^
1308:.
1282:.
1085:nl
368:).
270:39
213:,
187:,
117:26
109:43
2546:)
2529:e
2522:t
2515:v
2301:e
2294:t
2287:v
2240:(
2208:.
2195:)
2101:.
2076:.
2051:.
2026:.
2001:.
1956:.
1928:.
1902:.
1877:.
1854:.
1835::
1827::
1797:.
1775:)
1761:.
1729:.
1699:.
1668:.
1635:.
1602:.
1536:.
1509:.
1484:.
1459:.
1319:.
1294:.
861:)
855:(
850:)
846:(
836:·
829:·
822:·
815:·
788:.
712:"
364:(
257:0
249:4
241:3
233:1
225:4
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
