1563:
1224:
1163:, the pharaoh is invariably represented as the equal of the gods. In the religious speech, he is however only their humble servant, a zealous servant who makes multiple offerings. This piety expresses the hope of a just return of service. Filled with goods, the gods must favorably activate the forces of nature for a common benefit to all Egyptians. The only human being admitted to dialogue with the gods on an equal level, the Pharaoh was the supreme officiant; the first of the priests of the country. More widely, the pharaonic gesture covered all the fields of activity of the collective and ignored the
1480:
1895:
1378:
742:
1366:
1396:
2082:
7688:
3456:
3408:
3445:
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1088:
1681:, but no crown was found among his funerary equipment. Diadems have been discovered. It is presumed that crowns would have been believed to have magical properties and were used in rituals. Brier's speculation is that crowns were religious or state items, so a dead king likely could not retain a crown as a personal possession. The crowns may have been passed along to the successor, much as the crowns of modern monarchies.
56:
3486:
7949:
2068:
3466:
7768:
91:
2049:
10:2, Pharaoh boasts that he is the creator and owner of the Nile. God is then said to have responded to this statement by challenging the
Pharaoh over who owns the Nile, as God proceeds to create a disaster by bringing forth frogs from it that consume Egypt's agriculture. In other midrashic texts,
616:
was central to everyday life. One of the roles of the king was as an intermediary between the deities and the people. The king thus was deputised for the deities in a role that was both as civil and religious administrator. The king owned all of the land in Egypt, enacted laws, collected taxes, and
2056:, in commentary on Ezekiel 29:9, Pharaoh is said to have proclaimed himself as lord of the universe. Pharaoh is represented as a heretical figure who presents himself as divine, and these texts then claim that his claims were exposed when he had to go to the Nile to relieve himself.
1927:
city-states where, though the clan leader or king mediated between his people and the gods, did not himself represent a god on Earth. The few
Sumerian exceptions to this would post-date the origins of this practice in ancient Egypt. For example, the legendary king
1960:. According to Pyramid Text Utterance 571, "... the King was fashioned by his father Atum before the sky existed, before earth existed, before men existed, before the gods were born, before death existed ..." According to an inscription on the statue of
1660:
crown has been depicted in art since the New
Kingdom. It is often depicted being worn in battle, but it was also frequently worn during ceremonies. It used to be called a war crown by many, but modern historians refrain from defining it thus.
1196:, the king of Egypt repels the plunderers of the desert, fights the invading armies and defeats the internal rebels. The Pharaoh was always the sole victor; standing up and knocking out a bunch of prisoners or shooting arrows from his battle
633:), or cosmic order, balance, and justice, and part of this included going to war when necessary to defend the country or attacking others when it was believed that this would contribute to Maat, such as to obtain resources.
2012:
explicitly denies this, claiming that
Egyptian priests rejected any notion of the divinity of the king. The only explicit classical Greek source which describes the divinity of Pharaoh is contained in the writings of
1919:, the Pharaoh was often considered to be divine. This precept originated before 3000 BCE and the Egyptian office of divine kingship would go on to influence many other societies and kingdoms, surviving into the
2316:
1547:. It is the most common type of royal headgear depicted throughout Pharaonic Egypt. Any other type of crown, apart from the Khat headdress, has been commonly depicted on top of the Nemes. The statue from his
1964:(14th–13th centuries BCE): "he already came out of his mother's bosom adorned with the prestige and the divine color ..." Inscriptions regularly described the Pharaoh as the "good god" or "perfect god" (
842:, "Majesty". The term, therefore, evolved from a word specifically referring to a building to a respectful designation for the ruler presiding in that building, particularly by the time of the
7132:
1399:
A guardian statue wearing the red crown which reflected the facial features of the reigning king, probably
Amenemhat II or Senwosret II, and which functioned as a divine guardian for the
1843:
sign. The title may have represented the divine status of the king. The Horus associated with gold may be referring to the idea that the bodies of the deities were made of gold and the
1200:. As the only legislator, the laws and decrees he promulgated were seen as inspired by divine wisdom. This legislation, kept in the archives and placed under the responsibility of the
2008:. One Ptolemaic-era hymn describes the divinity of the Pharaoh, though this may reflect Greek notions of divine kingship just as much as it could reflect Egyptian ones. The historian
2953:
2218:, p. 217. "Although paying lip-service to the old ideas and religion, in varying degrees, pharaonic Egypt had in effect died with the last native pharaoh, Nectanebo II in 343 BCE"
1188:, by opening the granaries in case of famine and by guaranteeing a good distribution of arable land. Chief of the armies, the pharaoh was the brave protector of the borders. Like
1321:), but in early representations the king was also depicted solely with the flail, as shown in a late pre-dynastic knife handle that is now in the Metropolitan museum, and on the
2343:
1184:", that is to say, promote harmony and repel chaos. As the nurturing father of the people, the Pharaoh ensured prosperity by calling upon the gods to regulate the waters of the
811:(tenth century BCE), however, instead of being used alone and originally just for the palace, it began to be added to the other titles before the name of the king, and from the
2021:
as his source of information. Diodorus slightly contradicts himself in a different passage where he asserts that Darius I was the first ruler of Egypt to be honored as a king.
1148:
As a central figure of the state, the pharaoh was the obligatory intermediary between the gods and humans. To the former, he ensured the proper performance of rituals in the
652:, the combination of both the red and white crowns became the official crown of the pharaoh. With time new headdresses were introduced during different dynasties such as the
869:, and the subsequent kings of the twenty-second dynasty. For instance, the Large Dakhla stela is specifically dated to Year 5 of king "Pharaoh Shoshenq, beloved of
2033:. In these sources, the Pharaoh is described as hubristically asserting his own divinity and yet, compared to the one true God, is no more than an impotent human.
885:
in his original 1933 publication of this stela. Shoshenq I was the second successor of Siamun. Meanwhile, the traditional custom of referring to the sovereign as,
2671:
2305:
Clayton, Peter A. Chronicle of the
Pharaohs the Reign-by-reign Record of the Rulers and Dynasties of Ancient Egypt. London: Thames & Hudson, CE 2012. Print.
2678:
Explaining the meaning of the name
Pharaoh." Published first in German in the official quarterly of the Organization of the Jewish Communities of Bavaria:
7724:
6984:
548:
in 30 BCE. However, regardless of gender, "king" was the term used most frequently by the ancient
Egyptians for their monarchs through the middle of the
7070:
2598:
8009:
861:
Priestly Annals, a religious document. Here, an induction of an individual to the Amun priesthood is dated specifically to the reign of "Pharaoh
1855:-rays. The gold sign may also be a reference to Nubt, the city of Set. This would suggest that the iconography represents Horus conquering Set.
3102:
1735:
of the ruler consisted of five names; Horus, Nebty, Golden Horus, nomen, and prenomen for some rulers, only one or two of them may be known.
2029:
Even after the reign of the
Egyptian kings and pharaohs, the notion of Pharaoh's self-notion as a divine being survived and is described in
1743:
The Horus name was adopted by the king, when taking the throne. The name was written within a square frame representing the palace, named a
625:. Religiously, the king officiated over religious ceremonies and chose the sites of new temples. The king was responsible for maintaining
3128:
2669:
Elazar Ari
Lipinski: "Pesach – A holiday of questions. About the Haggadah-Commentary Zevach Pesach of Rabbi Isaak Abarbanel (1437–1508).
1795:
name may have been the birth name of the king. It was often the name by which kings were recorded in the later annals and king lists.
1791:. The name would follow the glyphs for the "Sedge and the Bee". The title is usually translated as king of Upper and Lower Egypt. The
1673:
has noted that despite their widespread depiction in royal portraits, no ancient Egyptian crown has ever been discovered. The tomb of
6999:
6994:
3200:
2794:
7863:
7717:
6974:
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3429:
3257:
308:
305:
279:
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1632:
with corkscrew sheep horns and usually two uraei. The depiction of this crown begins among New Kingdom rulers during the Early
230:
7063:
6959:
3025:
3000:
2839:
2499:
2467:
2443:
2377:
2353:
2326:
1988:(522–486 BCE) was referred to as a divine being in Egyptian temple texts. Such descriptions continued and were designated to
375:
356:
353:
332:
327:
284:
228:
334:
329:
286:
281:
6989:
6964:
3375:
799:–1425 BCE), depending on whether an inscription on the Temple of Armant may be confirmed to refer to that king. During the
723:"column", here meaning "great" or "high". It was the title of the royal palace and was used only in larger phrases such as
6954:
4734:
4522:
3489:
3247:
3242:
3123:
2995:. Studia Judaica, Forschungen zur Wissenschaft des Judentums. Berlin ; New York: Walter De Gruyter. pp. 74–76.
1956:(26th century BCE), the Pharaoh also ceased to have a father, as his mother was magically impregnated by the solar deity
3018:
Bridging between sister religions: studies of Jewish and Christian scriptures offered in honor of Prof. John T. Townsend
7710:
6943:
5704:
5420:
4288:
3548:
3522:
3095:
2262:
2237:
1415:
crown, dates back to pre-dynastic times and symbolised chief ruler. A red crown has been found on a pottery shard from
816:
2668:
2540:
Petrie, W. M. (William Matthew Flinders); Sayce, A. H. (Archibald Henry); Griffith, F. Ll (Francis Llewellyn) (1891).
1923:. The Pharaoh also became a mediator between the gods and man. This institution represents an innovation over that of
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2933:
2890:
2612:
1135:
17:
1117:
7974:
7847:
7056:
7009:
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2489:
2410:
1980:' which he received during the coronation ceremony. The divinity of Pharaoh was still held to during the period of
2285:
784:–1336 BCE), that is addressed to "Great House, L, W, H, the Lord". However, there is a possibility that the title
7999:
7739:
6196:
3397:
3343:
3195:
2638:
1732:
1690:
582:
131:
8014:
8004:
6246:
5973:
5829:
3469:
3370:
1276:-sceptre, sometimes described as the shepherd's crook. The earliest examples of this piece of regalia dates to
1113:
878:
843:
1167:. Also, every member of the administration acts only in the name of the royal person, by delegation of power.
7832:
6542:
6332:
6264:
6129:
5996:
5906:
5719:
3837:
3156:
3151:
3088:
2680:
Jüdisches Leben in Bayern. Mitteilungsblatt des Landesverbandes der Israelitischen Kultusgemeinden in Bayern.
1945:
1827:. The title is preceded by the vulture (Nekhbet) and the cobra (Wadjet) standing on a basket (the neb sign).
1696:
1562:
847:
812:
808:
3061:
Jan Assmann, "Der Mythos des Gottkönigs im Alten Ägypten", in Christine Schmitz und Anja Bettenworth (hg.),
1152:; to the latter, he guaranteed agricultural prosperity, the defense of the territory and impartial justice.
7913:
7873:
7209:
6114:
6051:
5334:
3303:
3178:
3146:
999:
893:
699:
7184:
6475:
5584:
5496:
4981:
4758:
4749:
3387:
3350:
3298:
3217:
1633:
1239:
827:
800:
853:
The first dated appearance of the title "pharaoh" being attached to a ruler's name occurs in Year 17 of
730:"Courtier of the High House", with specific reference to the buildings of the court or palace. From the
7903:
7194:
6304:
5637:
5374:
5201:
5133:
3715:
3237:
2790:
2405:
1940:
alongside his father, the previous human ruler of Uruk. Another Mesopotamian example of a god-king was
1844:
1181:
648:, the "White Crown", was worn by the kings of Upper Egypt. After the unification of both kingdoms, the
2701:
2578:
7918:
7782:
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7267:
6825:
4596:
3360:
3328:
3313:
3308:
3207:
3161:
2106:
622:
613:
199:
1604:
with feathers and disks. Depictions of kings wearing the Atef crown originate from the Old Kingdom.
556:. The earliest confirmed instances of "pharaoh" used contemporaneously for a ruler were a letter to
7933:
7262:
7091:
4670:
4441:
4303:
3479:
3355:
3276:
3227:
1864:
1784:
1716:
1223:
1109:
1098:
1077:
731:
703:
590:
35:
7979:
7908:
6510:
6425:
6402:
4719:
4581:
4518:
4307:
4107:
3923:
2433:
1728:
1703:
is the oldest and dates to the late pre-dynastic period. The Nesu Bity name was added during the
1341:
from the first dynasty. The cobra supposedly protected the king by spitting fire at its enemies.
1102:
2560:
1763:
refers to "Horus the strong", etc. Later kings express ideals of kingship in their Horus names.
1751:, before the First Dynasty. The Horus name of several early kings expresses a relationship with
929:
905:
7928:
7827:
7257:
7214:
7174:
7149:
7014:
7004:
6552:
6531:
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5364:
5224:
4834:
4468:
4428:
4222:
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3852:
3515:
3459:
3392:
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1816:
1724:
1704:
1460:
1299:
1213:
1201:
897:
530:
2602:
1871:
were contained in a cartouche. The prenomen often followed the King of Upper and Lower Egypt (
7989:
7984:
7802:
7792:
7229:
7024:
6500:
6465:
6445:
6435:
6397:
4997:
4901:
4255:
3424:
2121:
2111:
1868:
1720:
685:
637:
630:
3058:, Third Edition, Revised. London: Oxford University Press, 1964. Excursus A, pp. 71–76.
1479:
769:
became the form of address for a person who was king. The earliest confirmed instance where
7953:
7199:
7019:
6525:
6480:
5853:
5481:
5416:
5269:
5264:
4971:
4966:
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4245:
4033:
3912:
3449:
3407:
3264:
3173:
3166:
2073:
1164:
762:
553:
395:
248:
1894:
1711:(Two Ladies) was first introduced toward the end of the First Dynasty. The Golden falcon (
1155:
In the sanctuaries, the image of the sovereign is omnipresent through parietal scenes and
8:
7822:
7807:
7797:
7752:
6515:
6490:
6455:
6392:
5767:
5742:
4946:
4941:
4365:
3796:
3269:
3190:
2786:
2683:
2116:
2030:
2018:
1989:
1455:
This is the combination of the Deshret and Hedjet crowns into a double crown, called the
1294:. This is a long staff mounted with an animal head. The earliest known depictions of the
773:
is used specifically to address the ruler is in a letter to the eighteenth dynasty king,
754:
746:
741:
209:
2547:
1377:
7898:
7893:
7154:
6805:
6792:
6369:
5379:
4951:
4926:
3993:
3768:
3323:
3286:
3185:
1941:
1045:
995:
837:
618:
549:
692:
482:
7994:
7812:
6860:
6839:
6733:
6700:
6412:
5747:
5369:
5249:
4871:
4799:
4457:
4260:
4250:
4182:
3508:
3281:
3222:
3021:
3020:. The Brill reference library of Judaism. Leiden Boston (Mass.): Brill. p. 208.
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2973:
2929:
2886:
2835:
2608:
2495:
2439:
2349:
2322:
2258:
2233:
2195:
nb.f means "his lord", the monarchs were introduced with (.f) for his, (.k) for your.
2004:
Descriptions of the divinity of the Pharaoh are much more infrequent in sources from
1993:
1836:
1277:
672:. At times, a combination of these headdresses or crowns worn together was depicted.
477:
2491:
A Dictionary of the Sacred Language of All Scriptures and Myths (Routledge Revivals)
1365:
7747:
7409:
7039:
6866:
6694:
6460:
6214:
5797:
5094:
4990:
4931:
4355:
4335:
3338:
3252:
2965:
2604:
Egyptian Non-Royal Epithets in the Middle Kingdom: A Social and Historical Analysis
2096:
2050:
Pharaoh asserts himself as the creator of the universe and even of himself. In the
2014:
2005:
1985:
1972:, the divinity of the king was imbued as he possessed the manifestation of the god
1024:
735:
450:
444:
421:
31:
2459:
2369:
1708:
1064:
644:
or the "Red Crown", was a representation of the kingdom of Lower Egypt, while the
600:
7923:
7605:
7447:
7121:
7106:
6811:
6781:
6740:
6676:
6420:
6350:
6220:
5559:
5214:
4936:
4330:
3968:
3936:
3775:
3075:
2675:
2157:
2087:
1768:
1678:
1578:
1424:
1350:
1322:
1318:
1149:
1003:
961:
917:
709:
506:
487:
4517:
3063:
Menschen – Heros – Gott: Weltentwürfe und Lebensmodelle im Mythos der Vormoderne
994:
In English, the term was at first spelled "Pharao", but the translators for the
7883:
7667:
7654:
7615:
7610:
7422:
6907:
6705:
6666:
6384:
6340:
6209:
5293:
5219:
5049:
4921:
4881:
4629:
4481:
4446:
4436:
4370:
4325:
4207:
4202:
3782:
3761:
3727:
3318:
2687:
2541:
2035:
1510:
1499:
1428:
1395:
1176:, the political actions of the sovereign were framed by a single maxim: "Bring
976:
653:
545:
173:
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2969:
725:
594:
7968:
7817:
7787:
7659:
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7368:
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7131:
6586:
6485:
6317:
6287:
5963:
5818:
5675:
5544:
5384:
5359:
5309:
4916:
4911:
4906:
4896:
4703:
4634:
4624:
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4240:
3988:
3931:
3884:
3721:
3680:
3111:
3052:
2977:
2627:
J-M. Kruchten, Les annales des pretres de Karnak (OLA 32), 1989, pp. 474–478.
2176:
2101:
2045:
1916:
1788:
1582:
1567:
1524:
1488:
1484:
1468:
1338:
1261:
1253:
1172:
980:
882:
609:) name. The Golden Horus and the nomen and prenomen titles were added later.
526:
7702:
1515:
headdress consists of a kind of "kerchief" whose end is tied similarly to a
803:(sixteenth to fourteenth centuries BCE) the title pharaoh was employed as a
7625:
7585:
7534:
7096:
6671:
6505:
6495:
6470:
6322:
6272:
6231:
5957:
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5569:
5534:
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5354:
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4006:
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2146:
1899:
1748:
1613:
1400:
1017:
913:
866:
789:
665:
568:
159:
2081:
1932:, thought to have reigned in Uruk as a contemporary of the Egyptian ruler
7675:
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7493:
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6775:
6720:
6571:
6520:
6440:
6312:
6204:
6186:
6144:
6055:
5946:
5941:
5936:
5890:
5874:
5847:
5812:
5802:
5737:
5690:
5680:
5665:
5655:
5602:
5564:
5539:
5519:
5509:
5275:
5259:
5234:
5229:
5029:
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4866:
4849:
4804:
4779:
4713:
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4678:
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4390:
4385:
4192:
4019:
3999:
3813:
3747:
3738:
3622:
2914:
Toby A. H. Wilkinson, Early Dynastic Egypt, Routledge 1999, pp. 57f.
1969:
1764:
1674:
1444:
1288:
1257:
1228:
1160:
541:
77:
69:
2400:
1819:. The title links the king with the goddesses of Upper and Lower Egypt,
1029:
30:
This article is about the title in general. For a list of pharaohs, see
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6547:
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5884:
5864:
5837:
5807:
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5732:
5685:
5660:
5592:
5554:
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5514:
5254:
5054:
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4153:
4147:
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3607:
3544:
3419:
3080:
2277:
1920:
1808:
1700:
1281:
946:
925:
874:
738:", but again only with reference to the royal palace and not a person.
586:
518:
95:
A typical depiction of a pharaoh usually depicted the king wearing the
1677:
that was discovered largely intact, contained such royal regalia as a
7600:
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7509:
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6537:
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4013:
3894:
3631:
2009:
1929:
1670:
1649:
957:
901:
804:
774:
557:
166:
1747:. The earliest known example of a serekh dates to the reign of king
1644:
1087:
1038:
604:
7529:
7514:
7482:
7472:
7462:
7432:
7427:
7404:
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4235:
4142:
4136:
4125:
4091:
3975:
3961:
3954:
3941:
3905:
3645:
3291:
3056:
Egyptian Grammar: Being an Introduction to the Study of Hieroglyphs
1992:
after his conquest of Egypt, and later still for the rulers of the
1961:
1953:
1657:
1516:
1256:. One of the earliest royal scepters was discovered in the tomb of
669:
522:
1052:
7888:
7878:
7837:
7544:
7539:
7378:
7353:
7348:
7320:
7299:
7239:
7204:
7101:
6879:
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5951:
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3889:
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3652:
2052:
1973:
1848:
1820:
1812:
1756:
1625:
1621:
1552:
1456:
1412:
1265:
1249:
1197:
998:
revived "Pharaoh" with "h" from the Hebrew. Meanwhile, in Egypt,
820:
649:
641:
100:
65:
61:
3543:
1936:, was cast as having had his mother as the Mesopotamian goddess
1058:
734:
onward, the word appears in a wish formula "Great House, May it
7868:
7333:
7294:
7252:
7169:
6786:
6656:
6293:
6176:
5781:
5752:
5622:
5597:
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5018:
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4350:
4177:
4130:
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3819:
3701:
3666:
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1981:
1937:
1933:
1824:
1744:
1601:
1593:
1548:
1544:
1528:
1503:
1440:
1420:
1416:
1334:
1243:
1156:
862:
858:
854:
645:
141:
106:
73:
55:
7767:
2546:. Cornell University Library. London : D. Nutt. pp.
757:. Pharaohs' tombs were provided with vast quantities of wealth
581:
In the early dynasties, ancient Egyptian kings had as many as
430:
7234:
7164:
7141:
7111:
6872:
6651:
6641:
6619:
6277:
5186:
5174:
5087:
5004:
4855:
4789:
4451:
4120:
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4072:
3864:
3823:
3694:
3687:
3673:
1949:
1924:
1752:
1617:
1540:
1310:
1272:-staff. The scepter with the longest history seems to be the
657:
145:
96:
2039:
89:3 invokes Pharaoh describing himself as the god over the
1839:
or Golden Falcon name was preceded by a falcon on a gold or
1204:, applied to all, for the common good and social agreement.
7338:
7159:
6624:
6614:
6004:
5879:
5080:
4410:
4230:
4212:
4097:
3879:
3874:
3708:
3500:
2040:
1952:, and the unifier of Upper and Lower Egypt. By the time of
1948:, the Pharaoh was represented as the divine incarnation of
1760:
1629:
1597:
1464:
1193:
1185:
1177:
984:
870:
750:
661:
626:
468:
459:
433:
1723:
were introduced later and are traditionally enclosed in a
1306:-scepter is shown in the hands of both kings and deities.
90:
4829:
1852:
940:
6050:
3065:(Stuttgart, Franz Steiner Verlag, 2009), pp. 11–26.
1280:. A scepter was found in a tomb at Abydos that dates to
865:". This new practice was continued under his successor,
1957:
1880:
1467:, and is otherwise surely attested during the reign of
1189:
815:(eighth to seventh centuries BCE, during the declining
1767:
refers to "Horus: the two powers are at peace", while
717:
707:
690:
1879:) title. The prenomen often incorporated the name of
456:
427:
2063:
1787:, was one of the new developments from the reign of
975:(here, always referring to the one evil king in the
500:
465:
2539:
1459:crown. It is first documented in the middle of the
892:The title is reconstructed to have been pronounced
567:–1336 BCE) or an inscription possibly referring to
453:
424:
2593:
2591:
2589:
2563:Temples of Armant, a Preliminary Survey: The Text,
1463:. The earliest depiction may date to the reign of
636:During the early days prior to the unification of
1883:. The nomen often followed the title, Son of Re (
1252:and staves were a general symbol of authority in
7966:
1287:Another scepter associated with the king is the
7078:
2586:
2232:. Verlag Philipp von Zabern. pp. 266–267.
1268:is shown on stone vessels carrying a so-called
904:derived the name of one of the Egyptian kings,
2954:"The Divinity of the Pharaoh in Greek Sources"
2017:in the 1st century BCE, who in turn relies on
1264:. Kings were also known to carry a staff, and
7732:
7718:
7064:
3516:
3096:
2227:
889:, continued in official Egyptian narratives.
819:) it was, at least in ordinary use, the only
2883:The Complete Royal Families of Ancient Egypt
2662:
1976:; this was referred to as his 'living royal
1527:, but is not found again until the reign of
983:'s story). The Arabic combines the original
788:first might have been applied personally to
2905:, Oxford University Press 2000, p. 477
2854:. Thames and Hudson, 2012, pp. 21, 77.
2652:
2642:, Vol. 19, No. 1/2 (May, 1933) pp. 193–200.
2565:The Egypt Exploration Society, London, 1940
2278:"Strong's Hebrew Concordance - 6547. Paroh"
1423:is shown wearing the red crown on both the
1116:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
857:(tenth century BCE) on a fragment from the
462:
7725:
7711:
7071:
7057:
3523:
3509:
3103:
3089:
3046:The Pharaoh, Life at Court and on Campaign
2852:The Pharaoh, Life at Court and on Campaign
2431:
2209:
2926:Egypt, trunk of the tree. 1: The contexts
2583:. Chicago: Encyclopædia Britannica, 2008.
2543:Illahun, Kahun and Gurob : 1889-1890
2432:Hagen, Rose-Marie; Hagen, Rainer (2007).
2341:
2314:
1984:domination of Egypt. The Persian emperor
1344:
1136:Learn how and when to remove this message
7864:Fan-bearer on the Right Side of the King
6933:
3110:
2923:
2742:
2740:
2713:
2711:
1893:
1643:
1561:
1478:
1443:, was worn in the Predynastic Period by
1394:
1222:
740:
99:headdress, a false beard, and an ornate
8010:Titles of national or ethnic leadership
2951:
2699:Walter C. Till: "Koptische Grammatik".
2487:
2438:. New Holland Publishers Pty, Limited.
979:story, by contrast to the good king in
14:
7967:
6080:
5445:
4547:
3573:
3015:
2655:Diodorus Siculus, Book 1: A Commentary
2401:"Pharaoh – World History Encyclopedia"
2345:Historical Dictionary of Ancient Egypt
2024:
1887:), or the title, Lord of Appearances (
1337:—a rearing cobra—is from the reign of
1218:
7706:
7052:
6932:
6049:
5414:
4516:
3542:
3504:
3084:
2990:
2947:
2945:
2877:
2875:
2873:
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2824:
2822:
2820:
2818:
2816:
2814:
2812:
2766:
2753:
2737:
2724:
2708:
2597:
2528:Hieratic Papyrus from Kahun and Gurob
2380:from the original on 27 November 1999
2252:
1858:
1577:-2298 BCE) wearing a nemes headdress
873:", whom all Egyptologists concur was
834:on its own, was used as regularly as
6585:
3465:
2797:from the original on 18 January 2022
2636:Alan Gardiner, "The Dakhleh Stela",
2398:
2230:Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen
1811:) name comes from the reign of king
1771:refers to "Horus, Lord of the Sun".
1664:
1439:The white crown of Upper Egypt, the
1114:adding citations to reliable sources
1081:
702:"great house", written with the two
7857:Courtly and administrative titulary
3485:
2903:The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt
1999:
1715:) name is not well understood. The
1487:, ivory label found at his tomb in
1333:The earliest evidence known of the
965:
921:
823:prefixed to the royal appellative.
24:
2993:Egyptian cultural icons in Midrash
2942:
2870:
2809:
2651:Herodotus, Histories 2.111.1. See
2413:from the original on 20 April 2021
1523:headdress comes from the reign of
1411:The red crown of Lower Egypt, the
25:
8026:
3213:Ancient Egyptian race controversy
3069:
2928:. Algora Publ. pp. 151–157.
2399:Mark, Joshua (2 September 2009).
2221:
1996:that succeeded Alexander's rule.
1774:
1543:headdress dates from the time of
1519:. The earliest depictions of the
1403:. Made of cedar wood and plaster
1313:later was closely related to the
900:, from which the Greek historian
7947:
7766:
7687:
7686:
7130:
3484:
3474:
3464:
3455:
3454:
3443:
3406:
2881:Dodson, Aidan and Hilton, Dyan.
2255:Longman Pronunciation Dictionary
2080:
2066:
1910:
1851:are representations of (golden)
1656:Also called the blue crown, the
1628:crowns. It is an ornate, triple
1376:
1364:
1086:
449:
420:
89:
54:
27:Title of Ancient Egyptian rulers
3475:
3038:
3009:
2984:
2917:
2908:
2895:
2857:
2844:
2779:
2693:
2682:Pessach-Ausgabe Nr. 109, 2009,
2645:
2639:Journal of Egyptian Archaeology
2630:
2621:
2570:
2554:
2533:
2521:
2508:
2481:
2470:from the original on 2022-05-18
2452:
2425:
2392:
2288:from the original on 2022-10-18
2189:
1830:
1759:refers to "Horus the fighter",
1691:Ancient Egyptian royal titulary
761:Sometime during the era of the
736:Live, Prosper, and be in Health
3076:Digital Egypt for Universities
2362:
2335:
2315:Wilkinson, Toby A. H. (2002).
2308:
2299:
2270:
2246:
2228:von Beckerath, Jürgen (1999).
2135:
1616:is usually depicted on top of
1371:Narmer wearing the white crown
177:(to be called pharaoh; CE 314)
13:
1:
7833:Servant in the Place of Truth
6543:Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator
2964:(2): 841–844, also see n. 1.
2885:. Thames & Hudson. 2004.
2561:Robert Mond and O.H. Meyers.
2342:Bierbrier, Morris L. (2008).
2202:
2180:
2161:
2150:
1798:
1738:
1600:crown, which is an elaborate
1571:
1492:
1404:
1328:
1232:
1027:"the" (from ancient Egyptian
987:from Egyptian along with the
807:of the ruler. About the late
793:
778:
572:
561:
534:
188:
7914:Royal sealer (Ancient Egypt)
3530:
2924:Najovits, Simson R. (2003).
2705:, Leipzig, 1961. p. 62.
2376:. The British Museum. 1999.
1875:) or Lord of the Two Lands (
1699:kings had three titles. The
1383:Narmer wearing the red crown
1071:
1056:for "monarch or sovereign";
941:
718:
708:
691:
684:ultimately derives from the
675:
501:
7:
7079:Kushite monarchs and rulers
6476:Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator
3398:Egypt–Mesopotamia relations
3218:Population history of Egypt
2460:"The royal crowns of Egypt"
2059:
1905:
1639:
1634:Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt
1555:shows the king wearing the
1036:Other notable epithets are
916:, the title also occurs as
10:
8031:
7904:Overseer of the treasuries
5375:Sekhemre-Heruhirmaat Intef
4759:Sekhemrekhutawy Sobekhotep
4523:Second Intermediate Period
3048:, Thames and Hudson, 2012.
2791:Metropolitan Museum of Art
2776:. Routledge, 2001, p. 162.
2763:. Routledge, 2001, p. 161.
2750:. Routledge, 2001, p. 160.
2734:. Routledge, 2001, p. 159.
2721:. Routledge, 2001, p. 158.
2581:. Ultimate Reference Suite
2530:, F. LL. Griffith, 38, 17.
2406:World History Encyclopedia
2215:
1803:The earliest example of a
1688:
1450:
1390:
1348:
1211:
1207:
1075:
933:
909:
491:
367:
345:
319:
297:
271:
220:
29:
7942:
7856:
7783:Divine Adoratrice of Amun
7775:
7764:
7738:
7733:Ancient Egyptian titulary
7684:
7502:
7387:
7319:
7139:
7128:
7084:
7037:
6939:
6928:
6826:Lucius Mussius Aemilianus
6570:
6516:Ptolemy XII Neos Dionysos
6411:
6383:
6368:
6331:
6303:
6263:
6245:
6195:
6128:
6113:
6071:
6067:
6045:
5995:
5972:
5905:
5828:
5766:
5718:
5703:
5636:
5583:
5495:
5480:
5436:
5432:
5421:Third Intermediate Period
5410:
5333:
5292:
5200:
5132:
4980:
4748:
4733:
4669:
4643:
4595:
4580:
4538:
4534:
4512:
4467:
4427:
4302:
4287:
4221:
4163:
4106:
4047:
4032:
3922:
3851:
3836:
3737:
3621:
3606:
3564:
3560:
3549:First Intermediate Period
3538:
3438:
3415:
3404:
3142:
3119:
2970:10.1017/S000983881400007X
2865:The Murder of Tutankhamen
2659:, commenting on ch. 59.1.
2464:Egypt Exploration Society
2257:(3rd ed.), Longman,
2107:Coronation of the pharaoh
1684:
1607:
1447:, and, later, by Narmer.
1434:
817:Third Intermediate Period
599:), and the Two Ladies or
510:
205:
195:
184:
152:
137:
127:
122:
118:
114:
88:
84:
53:
45:
7954:Ancient Egypt portal
6538:Cleopatra VII Philopator
4795:Ameny Antef Amenemhet VI
3553: (<3150–2040 BC)
3450:Ancient Egypt portal
2952:Collins, Andrew (2014).
2516:Ancient Egyptian Grammar
2128:
1534:
1483:Uraeus depicted on king
1078:Functions of the Pharaoh
1042:, translated to "king";
521:term often used for the
36:Pharaoh (disambiguation)
7975:Ancient Egyptian titles
7909:Overseer of Upper Egypt
6511:Ptolemy XI Alexander II
6426:Ptolemy II Philadelphus
4720:Seankhibtawy Seankhibra
2958:The Classical Quarterly
2702:VEB Verlag Enzyklopädie
2579:Encyclopædia Britannica
2518:(3rd edn, 1957), 71–76.
2253:Wells, John C. (2008),
1588:
1474:
1192:who fights the serpent
805:reverential designation
8000:Positions of authority
7828:Second Prophet of Amun
6553:Ptolemy XIV Philopator
6532:Cleopatra VI Tryphaena
6526:Berenice IV Epiphaneia
6481:Ptolemy VIII Euergetes
6451:Arsinoe III Philopator
5365:Sekhemre-Wepmaat Intef
4835:Sekhemrekhutawy Khabaw
4775:Sekhemkare Amenemhat V
4366:Neferkare VI Pepiseneb
3016:Kalimi, Isaac (2016).
2830:Wilkinson, Toby A. H.
2772:Wilkinson, Toby A. H.
2759:Wilkinson, Toby A. H.
2746:Wilkinson, Toby A. H.
2730:Wilkinson, Toby A. H.
2717:Wilkinson, Toby A. H.
2607:. BRILL. p. 119.
1968:). By the time of the
1902:
1898:Nomen and prenomen of
1653:
1585:
1506:
1461:First Dynasty of Egypt
1408:
1345:Crowns and headdresses
1246:
1214:Regalia of the Pharaoh
898:Late Egyptian language
758:
170:(officeholder; 30 BCE)
34:. For other uses, see
8015:Egyptian royal titles
8005:Monarchs in the Torah
7803:High Priest of Osiris
6501:Ptolemy X Alexander I
6466:Ptolemy VI Philometor
6446:Ptolemy IV Philopator
6441:Berenice II Euergetes
6436:Ptolemy III Euergetes
6398:Philip III Arrhidaeus
4907:Khahotepre Sobekhotep
4902:Merhotepre Sobekhotep
4256:Merenre Nemtyemsaf II
3124:Glossary of artifacts
2991:Ulmer, Rivka (2009).
2122:Pharaohs in the Bible
2112:Curse of the pharaohs
1946:Early Dynastic Period
1897:
1697:Early Dynastic Period
1647:
1596:is shown to wear the
1565:
1482:
1398:
1298:-scepter date to the
1226:
879:Twenty-second Dynasty
844:Twenty-Second Dynasty
744:
704:biliteral hieroglyphs
638:Upper and Lower Egypt
612:In Egyptian society,
529:, who ruled from the
109:of the Third Dynasty)
7200:Amenhotep called Huy
6934:Dynastic genealogies
6558:Ptolemy XV Caesarion
5854:Tutkheperre Shoshenq
5768:High Priests of Amun
5270:Merankhre Mentuhotep
4972:Seheqenre Sankhptahi
4967:Sewadjare Mentuhotep
4820:Khaankhre Sobekhotep
4527: (2040–1550 BC)
4246:Merenre Nemtyemsaf I
2832:Early Dynastic Egypt
2774:Early Dynastic Egypt
2761:Early Dynastic Egypt
2748:Early Dynastic Egypt
2732:Early Dynastic Egypt
2719:Early Dynastic Egypt
2653:Anne Burton (1972).
2488:Gaskell, G. (2016).
2318:Early Dynastic Egypt
2074:Ancient Egypt portal
1783:name, also known as
1165:separation of powers
1110:improve this section
924:; from that, in the
877:—the founder of the
848:Twenty-third Dynasty
813:Twenty-Fifth Dynasty
809:Twenty-first Dynasty
7823:Priestess of Hathor
7808:High Priest of Ptah
7798:High Priest of Amun
7753:Khenemetneferhedjet
6456:Ptolemy V Epiphanes
6393:Alexander the Great
5425: (1550–664 BC)
4947:Mershepsesre Ini II
4942:Merkawre Sobekhotep
4336:Neferkare IV Khendu
3270:Cursive hieroglyphs
2348:. Scarecrow Press.
2117:Egyptian chronology
2031:rabbinic literature
2025:Rabbinic literature
2019:Hecataeus of Abdera
1990:Alexander the Great
1240:Museum of Fine Arts
1219:Scepters and staves
991:ending from Greek.
960:likewise spells it
755:Valley of the Kings
747:Mask of Tutankhamun
542:annexation of Egypt
7899:Overseer of fields
7894:Overseer of cattle
7793:God's Wife of Amun
7776:Religious titulary
6793:Trebonianus Gallus
5380:Senakhtenre Ahmose
4998:Ya'ammu Nubwoserre
4952:Sewahenre Senebmiu
4927:Sankhenre Sewadjtu
4356:Neferkare V Tereru
4326:Neferkare III Neby
3994:Sekhemib-Perenmaat
3243:Funerary practices
2834:. Routledge, 2001
2674:2017-03-16 at the
2374:AncientEgypt.co.uk
2141:Likely pronounced
1942:Naram-Sin of Akkad
1903:
1859:Nomen and prenomen
1654:
1648:Khepresh crown on
1586:
1507:
1409:
1247:
1227:Beaded scepter of
828:Nineteenth dynasty
801:Eighteenth dynasty
759:
619:commander-in-chief
550:Eighteenth Dynasty
138:First monarch
132:Five-name titulary
7962:
7961:
7813:High Priest of Ra
7700:
7699:
7046:
7045:
7033:
7032:
6924:
6923:
6920:
6919:
6916:
6915:
6840:Claudius Gothicus
6734:Severus Alexander
6701:Septimius Severus
6566:
6565:
6364:
6363:
6109:
6108:
6041:
6040:
6037:
6036:
6033:
6032:
5748:Osorkon the Elder
5699:
5698:
5476:
5475:
5406:
5405:
5402:
5401:
5398:
5397:
5370:Nubkheperre Intef
5250:Sekhemre Shedwast
4872:Sehetepkare Intef
4800:Semenkare Nebnuni
4729:
4728:
4576:
4575:
4508:
4507:
4504:
4503:
4500:
4499:
4283:
4282:
4261:Netjerkare Siptah
4183:Neferirkare Kakai
4028:
4027:
3832:
3831:
3602:
3601:
3498:
3497:
3253:Great Royal Wives
3223:Prehistoric Egypt
3027:978-90-04-32454-1
3002:978-3-11-022392-7
2840:978-0-415-26011-4
2787:"Guardian Figure"
2501:978-1-317-58942-6
2445:978-3-8228-5458-7
2355:978-0-8108-6250-0
2328:978-1-134-66420-7
1994:Ptolemaic Kingdom
1665:Physical evidence
1278:prehistoric Egypt
1146:
1145:
1138:
939:
499:
413:
412:
383:
382:
379:
378:
364:
363:
360:
359:
342:
341:
338:
337:
316:
315:
312:
311:
294:
293:
290:
289:
266:
265:
238:
237:
234:
233:
215:
214:
163:(native; 343 BCE)
153:Last monarch
18:Egyptian pharaohs
16:(Redirected from
8022:
7952:
7951:
7950:
7770:
7748:Great Royal Wife
7727:
7720:
7713:
7704:
7703:
7690:
7689:
7410:Amaninatakilebte
7134:
7073:
7066:
7059:
7050:
7049:
7040:List of pharaohs
6930:
6929:
6695:Pescennius Niger
6583:
6582:
6579:
6578:
6491:Ptolemy IX Soter
6461:Cleopatra I Syra
6381:
6380:
6377:
6376:
6126:
6125:
6122:
6121:
6078:
6077:
6069:
6068:
6062:
6061:
6047:
6046:
5798:Djedkhonsuefankh
5716:
5715:
5712:
5711:
5493:
5492:
5489:
5488:
5463:
5458:
5443:
5442:
5434:
5433:
5427:
5426:
5412:
5411:
5005:Qareh Khawoserre
4991:Yakbim Sekhaenre
4932:Mersekhemre Ined
4746:
4745:
4742:
4741:
4593:
4592:
4589:
4588:
4545:
4544:
4536:
4535:
4529:
4528:
4514:
4513:
4300:
4299:
4296:
4295:
4045:
4044:
4041:
4040:
3849:
3848:
3845:
3844:
3619:
3618:
3615:
3614:
3571:
3570:
3562:
3561:
3555:
3554:
3540:
3539:
3525:
3518:
3511:
3502:
3501:
3488:
3487:
3478:
3477:
3468:
3467:
3458:
3457:
3448:
3447:
3446:
3410:
3105:
3098:
3091:
3082:
3081:
3032:
3031:
3013:
3007:
3006:
2988:
2982:
2981:
2949:
2940:
2939:
2921:
2915:
2912:
2906:
2899:
2893:
2879:
2868:
2861:
2855:
2848:
2842:
2828:
2807:
2806:
2804:
2802:
2783:
2777:
2770:
2764:
2757:
2751:
2744:
2735:
2728:
2722:
2715:
2706:
2697:
2691:
2666:
2660:
2658:
2649:
2643:
2634:
2628:
2625:
2619:
2618:
2599:Doxey, Denise M.
2595:
2584:
2574:
2568:
2558:
2552:
2551:
2537:
2531:
2525:
2519:
2512:
2506:
2505:
2485:
2479:
2478:
2476:
2475:
2466:. 7 March 2019.
2456:
2450:
2449:
2429:
2423:
2422:
2420:
2418:
2396:
2390:
2389:
2387:
2385:
2366:
2360:
2359:
2339:
2333:
2332:
2312:
2306:
2303:
2297:
2296:
2294:
2293:
2274:
2268:
2267:
2250:
2244:
2243:
2225:
2219:
2213:
2196:
2193:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2166:
2163:
2155:
2152:
2139:
2097:List of pharaohs
2090:
2085:
2084:
2076:
2071:
2070:
2069:
2015:Diodorus Siculus
2006:Classical Greece
2000:Classical Greece
1986:Darius the Great
1576:
1573:
1497:
1494:
1406:
1380:
1368:
1237:
1234:
1141:
1134:
1130:
1127:
1121:
1090:
1082:
1062:for "lord"; and
1025:definite article
1008:
1001:
996:King James Bible
967:
956:stem nouns. The
944:
938:romanized:
937:
935:
923:
911:
895:
798:
795:
783:
780:
721:
713:
701:
696:
577:
574:
566:
563:
539:
536:
512:
504:
498:romanized:
497:
495:
494:
475:
474:
471:
470:
467:
464:
461:
458:
455:
448:
440:
439:
436:
435:
432:
429:
426:
392:and Lower Egypt"
372:
371:
368:
350:
349:
346:
324:
323:
320:
302:
301:
298:
276:
275:
272:
268:
267:
225:
224:
221:
217:
216:
190:
93:
58:
49:
43:
42:
32:List of pharaohs
21:
8030:
8029:
8025:
8024:
8023:
8021:
8020:
8019:
7965:
7964:
7963:
7958:
7948:
7946:
7938:
7924:Viceroy of Kush
7852:
7771:
7762:
7734:
7731:
7701:
7696:
7680:
7606:Amanikhareqerem
7498:
7448:Amanineteyerike
7383:
7315:
7135:
7126:
7107:Kingdom of Kush
7080:
7077:
7047:
7042:
7029:
6935:
6912:
6812:Macrianus Minor
6741:Maximinus Thrax
6677:Marcus Aurelius
6576:
6575:
6574:
6562:
6421:Ptolemy I Soter
6407:
6374:
6373:
6372:
6360:
6327:
6299:
6259:
6241:
6221:Psammetichus IV
6191:
6119:
6118:
6117:
6105:
6083:
6074:
6063:
6060:(664 BC–313 AD)
6059:
6058:
6029:
5991:
5968:
5964:Menkheperre Ini
5901:
5824:
5762:
5709:
5708:
5707:
5695:
5632:
5579:
5560:Neferneferuaten
5486:
5485:
5484:
5472:
5471:
5461:
5456:
5455:Pharaohs
5448:
5439:
5428:
5424:
5423:
5394:
5329:
5288:
5215:Sobekhotep VIII
5196:
5128:
4976:
4937:Sewadjkare Hori
4739:
4738:
4737:
4725:
4665:
4639:
4586:
4585:
4584:
4572:
4550:
4541:
4530:
4526:
4525:
4496:
4463:
4423:
4331:Djedkare Shemai
4293:
4292:
4291:
4279:
4217:
4159:
4102:
4038:
4037:
4036:
4024:
3918:
3842:
3841:
3840:
3828:
3733:
3612:
3611:
3610:
3598:
3576:
3567:
3556:
3552:
3551:
3534:
3529:
3499:
3494:
3444:
3442:
3434:
3411:
3402:
3138:
3115:
3109:
3072:
3044:Shaw, Garry J.
3041:
3036:
3035:
3028:
3014:
3010:
3003:
2989:
2985:
2950:
2943:
2936:
2922:
2918:
2913:
2909:
2900:
2896:
2880:
2871:
2862:
2858:
2850:Shaw, Garry J.
2849:
2845:
2829:
2810:
2800:
2798:
2785:
2784:
2780:
2771:
2767:
2758:
2754:
2745:
2738:
2729:
2725:
2716:
2709:
2698:
2694:
2676:Wayback Machine
2667:
2663:
2650:
2646:
2635:
2631:
2626:
2622:
2615:
2596:
2587:
2575:
2571:
2559:
2555:
2538:
2534:
2526:
2522:
2513:
2509:
2502:
2486:
2482:
2473:
2471:
2458:
2457:
2453:
2446:
2430:
2426:
2416:
2414:
2397:
2393:
2383:
2381:
2368:
2367:
2363:
2356:
2340:
2336:
2329:
2313:
2309:
2304:
2300:
2291:
2289:
2276:
2275:
2271:
2265:
2251:
2247:
2240:
2226:
2222:
2214:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2199:
2194:
2190:
2183:
2165: 1700 BCE
2164:
2158:Middle Egyptian
2154: 2500 BCE
2153:
2140:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2088:Monarchy portal
2086:
2079:
2072:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2027:
2002:
1913:
1908:
1861:
1833:
1801:
1777:
1741:
1731:, the official
1693:
1687:
1679:crook and flail
1667:
1642:
1610:
1591:
1579:Brooklyn Museum
1574:
1537:
1496: 3000 BCE
1495:
1477:
1453:
1437:
1425:Narmer Macehead
1393:
1388:
1387:
1386:
1385:
1384:
1381:
1373:
1372:
1369:
1360:
1359:
1353:
1351:Crowns of Egypt
1347:
1331:
1323:Narmer Macehead
1319:crook and flail
1235:
1221:
1216:
1210:
1142:
1131:
1125:
1122:
1107:
1091:
1080:
1074:
1006:
796:
781:
732:Twelfth Dynasty
678:
575:
564:
538: 3150 BCE
537:
507:Biblical Hebrew
492:
452:
443:
442:
423:
419:
393:
391:
390:"King of Upper
389:
366:
365:
344:
343:
333:
328:
318:
317:
296:
295:
285:
280:
246:
244:
229:
180:
176:
169:
162:
110:
104:
80:
47:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
8028:
8018:
8017:
8012:
8007:
8002:
7997:
7992:
7987:
7982:
7980:Heads of state
7977:
7960:
7959:
7957:
7956:
7943:
7940:
7939:
7937:
7936:
7931:
7926:
7921:
7916:
7911:
7906:
7901:
7896:
7891:
7886:
7884:Khekeret-nisut
7881:
7876:
7871:
7866:
7860:
7858:
7854:
7853:
7851:
7850:
7845:
7840:
7835:
7830:
7825:
7820:
7815:
7810:
7805:
7800:
7795:
7790:
7785:
7779:
7777:
7773:
7772:
7765:
7763:
7761:
7760:
7755:
7750:
7744:
7742:
7740:Royal titulary
7736:
7735:
7730:
7729:
7722:
7715:
7707:
7698:
7697:
7685:
7682:
7681:
7679:
7678:
7673:
7670:
7668:Yesebokheamani
7665:
7662:
7657:
7655:Tamelerdeamani
7652:
7647:
7644:
7639:
7636:
7631:
7630:Aritenyesbokhe
7628:
7623:
7618:
7616:Amanikhatashan
7613:
7611:Amanitenmemide
7608:
7603:
7598:
7593:
7588:
7583:
7578:
7573:
7568:
7563:
7558:
7555:
7552:
7547:
7542:
7537:
7532:
7527:
7522:
7517:
7512:
7506:
7504:
7500:
7499:
7497:
7496:
7491:
7490:Arikepiankhiqo
7488:
7487:Kash(...)amani
7485:
7480:
7475:
7470:
7465:
7460:
7455:
7450:
7445:
7440:
7435:
7430:
7425:
7423:Amaniastabarqa
7420:
7415:
7412:
7407:
7402:
7397:
7391:
7389:
7388:Early Meroitic
7385:
7384:
7382:
7381:
7376:
7371:
7366:
7361:
7356:
7351:
7346:
7341:
7336:
7331:
7325:
7323:
7317:
7316:
7314:
7313:
7310:
7305:
7302:
7297:
7292:
7289:
7284:
7281:
7276:
7273:
7270:
7265:
7260:
7255:
7250:
7245:
7242:
7237:
7232:
7227:
7222:
7217:
7212:
7207:
7202:
7197:
7192:
7187:
7182:
7177:
7172:
7167:
7162:
7157:
7152:
7146:
7144:
7137:
7136:
7129:
7127:
7125:
7124:
7119:
7114:
7109:
7104:
7099:
7094:
7088:
7086:
7082:
7081:
7076:
7075:
7068:
7061:
7053:
7044:
7043:
7038:
7035:
7034:
7031:
7030:
7028:
7027:
7022:
7017:
7012:
7007:
7002:
6997:
6992:
6987:
6982:
6977:
6972:
6967:
6962:
6957:
6952:
6949:
6946:
6940:
6937:
6936:
6926:
6925:
6922:
6921:
6918:
6917:
6914:
6913:
6911:
6910:
6908:Maximinus Daza
6905:
6900:
6895:
6890:
6883:
6876:
6869:
6864:
6857:
6850:
6843:
6836:
6829:
6822:
6815:
6808:
6803:
6796:
6789:
6784:
6779:
6772:
6765:
6758:
6751:
6744:
6737:
6730:
6723:
6718:
6713:
6708:
6703:
6698:
6691:
6684:
6679:
6674:
6669:
6667:Antoninus Pius
6664:
6659:
6654:
6649:
6644:
6639:
6634:
6627:
6622:
6617:
6612:
6607:
6602:
6597:
6591:
6589:
6580:
6577:(30 BC–313 AD)
6568:
6567:
6564:
6563:
6561:
6560:
6555:
6550:
6545:
6540:
6535:
6528:
6523:
6518:
6513:
6508:
6503:
6498:
6493:
6488:
6483:
6478:
6473:
6468:
6463:
6458:
6453:
6448:
6443:
6438:
6433:
6428:
6423:
6417:
6415:
6409:
6408:
6406:
6405:
6400:
6395:
6389:
6387:
6378:
6366:
6365:
6362:
6361:
6359:
6358:
6353:
6348:
6343:
6341:Artaxerxes III
6337:
6335:
6329:
6328:
6326:
6325:
6320:
6315:
6309:
6307:
6301:
6300:
6298:
6297:
6290:
6285:
6280:
6275:
6269:
6267:
6261:
6260:
6258:
6257:
6251:
6249:
6243:
6242:
6240:
6239:
6234:
6229:
6224:
6217:
6212:
6210:Petubastis III
6207:
6201:
6199:
6193:
6192:
6190:
6189:
6184:
6179:
6174:
6169:
6164:
6159:
6154:
6147:
6142:
6134:
6132:
6123:
6111:
6110:
6107:
6106:
6104:
6103:
6098:
6097:
6096:
6093:
6086:
6084:
6081:
6075:
6072:
6065:
6064:
6043:
6042:
6039:
6038:
6035:
6034:
6031:
6030:
6028:
6027:
6022:
6017:
6012:
6007:
6001:
5999:
5993:
5992:
5990:
5989:
5984:
5978:
5976:
5970:
5969:
5967:
5966:
5961:
5954:
5949:
5944:
5939:
5934:
5927:
5922:
5917:
5911:
5909:
5903:
5902:
5900:
5899:
5894:
5887:
5882:
5877:
5872:
5867:
5862:
5857:
5850:
5845:
5840:
5834:
5832:
5826:
5825:
5823:
5822:
5815:
5810:
5805:
5800:
5795:
5790:
5785:
5778:
5772:
5770:
5764:
5763:
5761:
5760:
5755:
5750:
5745:
5740:
5735:
5730:
5724:
5722:
5713:
5705:3 Intermediate
5701:
5700:
5697:
5696:
5694:
5693:
5688:
5683:
5678:
5673:
5668:
5663:
5658:
5653:
5648:
5642:
5640:
5634:
5633:
5631:
5630:
5625:
5620:
5615:
5610:
5605:
5600:
5595:
5589:
5587:
5581:
5580:
5578:
5577:
5572:
5567:
5562:
5557:
5552:
5547:
5542:
5537:
5532:
5527:
5522:
5517:
5512:
5507:
5501:
5499:
5490:
5487:(1550–1070 BC)
5478:
5477:
5474:
5473:
5470:
5469:
5464:
5459:
5452:
5451:
5449:
5446:
5440:
5437:
5430:
5429:
5408:
5407:
5404:
5403:
5400:
5399:
5396:
5395:
5393:
5392:
5387:
5382:
5377:
5372:
5367:
5362:
5357:
5352:
5345:
5339:
5337:
5331:
5330:
5328:
5327:
5320:
5313:
5306:
5298:
5296:
5290:
5289:
5287:
5286:
5279:
5272:
5267:
5262:
5257:
5252:
5247:
5242:
5237:
5232:
5227:
5222:
5220:Neferhotep III
5217:
5212:
5206:
5204:
5198:
5197:
5195:
5194:
5189:
5184:
5177:
5172:
5167:
5160:
5153:
5146:
5138:
5136:
5130:
5129:
5127:
5126:
5119:
5112:
5105:
5098:
5091:
5084:
5077:
5072:
5067:
5062:
5057:
5052:
5050:Sewadjkare III
5047:
5042:
5037:
5032:
5027:
5022:
5019:Maaibre Sheshi
5015:
5012:'Ammu Ahotepre
5008:
5001:
4994:
4986:
4984:
4978:
4977:
4975:
4974:
4969:
4964:
4959:
4954:
4949:
4944:
4939:
4934:
4929:
4924:
4922:Merhotepre Ini
4919:
4914:
4909:
4904:
4899:
4894:
4889:
4884:
4882:Sobekhotep III
4879:
4874:
4869:
4864:
4859:
4852:
4847:
4842:
4837:
4832:
4827:
4822:
4817:
4812:
4807:
4802:
4797:
4792:
4787:
4782:
4777:
4772:
4767:
4762:
4754:
4752:
4743:
4740:(1802–1550 BC)
4735:2 Intermediate
4731:
4730:
4727:
4726:
4724:
4723:
4716:
4711:
4706:
4701:
4696:
4691:
4686:
4681:
4675:
4673:
4667:
4666:
4664:
4663:
4658:
4653:
4647:
4645:
4641:
4640:
4638:
4637:
4632:
4630:Mentuhotep III
4627:
4622:
4617:
4612:
4607:
4601:
4599:
4590:
4587:(2040–1802 BC)
4582:Middle Kingdom
4578:
4577:
4574:
4573:
4571:
4570:
4565:
4564:
4563:
4560:
4553:
4551:
4548:
4542:
4539:
4532:
4531:
4519:Middle Kingdom
4510:
4509:
4506:
4505:
4502:
4501:
4498:
4497:
4495:
4494:
4489:
4484:
4482:Neferkare VIII
4479:
4473:
4471:
4465:
4464:
4462:
4461:
4454:
4449:
4447:Nebkaure Khety
4444:
4439:
4437:Meryibre Khety
4433:
4431:
4425:
4424:
4422:
4421:
4414:
4407:
4400:
4393:
4388:
4383:
4378:
4373:
4371:Neferkamin Anu
4368:
4363:
4358:
4353:
4348:
4343:
4338:
4333:
4328:
4323:
4318:
4312:
4310:
4297:
4294:(2181–2040 BC)
4289:1 Intermediate
4285:
4284:
4281:
4280:
4278:
4277:
4270:
4263:
4258:
4253:
4248:
4243:
4238:
4233:
4227:
4225:
4219:
4218:
4216:
4215:
4210:
4208:Djedkare Isesi
4205:
4203:Menkauhor Kaiu
4200:
4195:
4190:
4185:
4180:
4175:
4169:
4167:
4161:
4160:
4158:
4157:
4150:
4145:
4140:
4133:
4128:
4123:
4118:
4112:
4110:
4104:
4103:
4101:
4100:
4095:
4088:
4081:
4076:
4069:
4064:
4059:
4053:
4051:
4042:
4039:(2686–2181 BC)
4030:
4029:
4026:
4025:
4023:
4022:
4017:
4010:
4003:
3996:
3991:
3986:
3979:
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3965:
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3951:
3944:
3939:
3934:
3928:
3926:
3920:
3919:
3917:
3916:
3909:
3902:
3897:
3892:
3887:
3882:
3877:
3872:
3867:
3857:
3855:
3846:
3843:(3150–2686 BC)
3838:Early Dynastic
3834:
3833:
3830:
3829:
3827:
3826:
3817:
3810:
3805:
3800:
3793:
3786:
3779:
3772:
3765:
3758:
3751:
3743:
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3734:
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3126:
3120:
3117:
3116:
3108:
3107:
3100:
3093:
3085:
3079:
3078:
3071:
3070:External links
3068:
3067:
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3059:
3049:
3040:
3037:
3034:
3033:
3026:
3008:
3001:
2983:
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2907:
2894:
2869:
2867:, 1998, p. 95.
2856:
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2334:
2327:
2307:
2298:
2269:
2264:978-1405881180
2263:
2245:
2239:978-3422008328
2238:
2220:
2207:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2198:
2197:
2188:
2184: 800 BCE
2133:
2132:
2130:
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2124:
2119:
2114:
2109:
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2093:
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2036:Genesis Rabbah
2026:
2023:
2001:
1998:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1860:
1857:
1832:
1829:
1800:
1797:
1776:
1775:Nesu Bity name
1773:
1740:
1737:
1729:Middle Kingdom
1689:Main article:
1686:
1683:
1666:
1663:
1652:, 18th dynasty
1641:
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1606:
1590:
1587:
1536:
1533:
1500:British Museum
1476:
1473:
1452:
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1429:Narmer Palette
1392:
1389:
1382:
1375:
1374:
1370:
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1358:Narmer Palette
1357:
1356:
1355:
1354:
1349:Main article:
1346:
1343:
1330:
1327:
1317:-scepter (the
1220:
1217:
1212:Main article:
1209:
1206:
1144:
1143:
1094:
1092:
1085:
1076:Main article:
1073:
1070:
1004:Sahidic Coptic
977:Book of Exodus
945:, and then in
677:
674:
546:Roman Republic
411:
410:
407:
406:
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192:
186:
182:
181:
179:
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174:Maximinus Daza
171:
164:
156:
154:
150:
149:
148:(by tradition)
139:
135:
134:
129:
125:
124:
120:
119:
116:
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111:
94:
86:
85:
82:
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59:
51:
50:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8027:
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7902:
7900:
7897:
7895:
7892:
7890:
7887:
7885:
7882:
7880:
7877:
7875:
7872:
7870:
7867:
7865:
7862:
7861:
7859:
7855:
7849:
7846:
7844:
7841:
7839:
7836:
7834:
7831:
7829:
7826:
7824:
7821:
7819:
7818:Lector priest
7816:
7814:
7811:
7809:
7806:
7804:
7801:
7799:
7796:
7794:
7791:
7789:
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7721:
7716:
7714:
7709:
7708:
7705:
7695:
7694:
7683:
7677:
7674:
7671:
7669:
7666:
7663:
7661:
7660:Talakhidamani
7658:
7656:
7653:
7651:
7650:Teqorideamani
7648:
7645:
7643:
7640:
7637:
7635:
7634:Amanitaraqide
7632:
7629:
7627:
7624:
7622:
7619:
7617:
7614:
7612:
7609:
7607:
7604:
7602:
7599:
7597:
7594:
7592:
7589:
7587:
7584:
7582:
7579:
7577:
7576:Shanakdakhete
7574:
7572:
7571:Amanishakheto
7569:
7567:
7564:
7562:
7559:
7556:
7553:
7551:
7548:
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7528:
7526:
7523:
7521:
7518:
7516:
7513:
7511:
7508:
7507:
7505:
7503:Late Meroitic
7501:
7495:
7492:
7489:
7486:
7484:
7481:
7479:
7476:
7474:
7471:
7469:
7466:
7464:
7461:
7459:
7456:
7454:
7451:
7449:
7446:
7444:
7441:
7439:
7438:Malewiebamani
7436:
7434:
7431:
7429:
7426:
7424:
7421:
7419:
7416:
7413:
7411:
7408:
7406:
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7401:
7398:
7396:
7393:
7392:
7390:
7386:
7380:
7377:
7375:
7372:
7370:
7369:Senkamanisken
7367:
7365:
7362:
7360:
7357:
7355:
7352:
7350:
7347:
7345:
7342:
7340:
7337:
7335:
7332:
7330:
7327:
7326:
7324:
7322:
7318:
7311:
7309:
7306:
7303:
7301:
7298:
7296:
7293:
7290:
7288:
7285:
7283:Ramessesnakht
7282:
7280:
7277:
7274:
7271:
7269:
7266:
7264:
7261:
7259:
7256:
7254:
7251:
7249:
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6608:
6606:
6603:
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6514:
6512:
6509:
6507:
6504:
6502:
6499:
6497:
6494:
6492:
6489:
6487:
6486:Cleopatra III
6484:
6482:
6479:
6477:
6474:
6472:
6469:
6467:
6464:
6462:
6459:
6457:
6454:
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6410:
6404:
6401:
6399:
6396:
6394:
6391:
6390:
6388:
6386:
6382:
6379:
6371:
6367:
6357:
6354:
6352:
6349:
6347:
6344:
6342:
6339:
6338:
6336:
6334:
6330:
6324:
6321:
6319:
6316:
6314:
6311:
6310:
6308:
6306:
6302:
6296:
6295:
6291:
6289:
6288:Nepherites II
6286:
6284:
6281:
6279:
6276:
6274:
6271:
6270:
6268:
6266:
6262:
6256:
6253:
6252:
6250:
6248:
6244:
6238:
6235:
6233:
6230:
6228:
6225:
6223:
6222:
6218:
6216:
6213:
6211:
6208:
6206:
6203:
6202:
6200:
6198:
6194:
6188:
6185:
6183:
6180:
6178:
6175:
6173:
6170:
6168:
6165:
6163:
6160:
6158:
6155:
6153:
6152:
6148:
6146:
6143:
6141:
6140:
6136:
6135:
6133:
6131:
6127:
6124:
6116:
6112:
6102:
6099:
6094:
6091:
6090:
6088:
6087:
6085:
6079:
6076:
6070:
6066:
6057:
6053:
6048:
6044:
6026:
6023:
6021:
6018:
6016:
6013:
6011:
6008:
6006:
6003:
6002:
6000:
5998:
5994:
5988:
5985:
5983:
5980:
5979:
5977:
5975:
5971:
5965:
5962:
5960:
5959:
5955:
5953:
5950:
5948:
5945:
5943:
5940:
5938:
5935:
5933:
5932:
5928:
5926:
5923:
5921:
5918:
5916:
5913:
5912:
5910:
5908:
5904:
5898:
5895:
5893:
5892:
5888:
5886:
5883:
5881:
5878:
5876:
5873:
5871:
5868:
5866:
5863:
5861:
5858:
5856:
5855:
5851:
5849:
5846:
5844:
5841:
5839:
5836:
5835:
5833:
5831:
5827:
5821:
5820:
5819:Psusennes III
5816:
5814:
5811:
5809:
5806:
5804:
5801:
5799:
5796:
5794:
5791:
5789:
5786:
5784:
5783:
5779:
5777:
5774:
5773:
5771:
5769:
5765:
5759:
5756:
5754:
5751:
5749:
5746:
5744:
5741:
5739:
5736:
5734:
5731:
5729:
5726:
5725:
5723:
5721:
5717:
5714:
5710:(1069–664 BC)
5706:
5702:
5692:
5689:
5687:
5684:
5682:
5679:
5677:
5676:Ramesses VIII
5674:
5672:
5669:
5667:
5664:
5662:
5659:
5657:
5654:
5652:
5649:
5647:
5644:
5643:
5641:
5639:
5635:
5629:
5626:
5624:
5621:
5619:
5616:
5614:
5611:
5609:
5606:
5604:
5601:
5599:
5596:
5594:
5591:
5590:
5588:
5586:
5582:
5576:
5573:
5571:
5568:
5566:
5563:
5561:
5558:
5556:
5553:
5551:
5548:
5546:
5545:Amenhotep III
5543:
5541:
5538:
5536:
5533:
5531:
5528:
5526:
5523:
5521:
5518:
5516:
5513:
5511:
5508:
5506:
5503:
5502:
5500:
5498:
5494:
5491:
5483:
5479:
5468:
5465:
5460:
5454:
5453:
5450:
5444:
5441:
5435:
5431:
5422:
5418:
5413:
5409:
5391:
5388:
5386:
5385:Seqenenre Tao
5383:
5381:
5378:
5376:
5373:
5371:
5368:
5366:
5363:
5361:
5360:Sobekemsaf II
5358:
5356:
5353:
5351:
5350:
5346:
5344:
5341:
5340:
5338:
5336:
5332:
5326:
5325:
5321:
5319:
5318:
5314:
5312:
5311:
5310:Wepwawetemsaf
5307:
5305:
5304:
5300:
5299:
5297:
5295:
5291:
5285:
5284:
5280:
5278:
5277:
5273:
5271:
5268:
5266:
5263:
5261:
5258:
5256:
5253:
5251:
5248:
5246:
5243:
5241:
5238:
5236:
5233:
5231:
5228:
5226:
5223:
5221:
5218:
5216:
5213:
5211:
5208:
5207:
5205:
5203:
5199:
5193:
5190:
5188:
5185:
5183:
5182:
5178:
5176:
5173:
5171:
5168:
5166:
5165:
5161:
5159:
5158:
5154:
5152:
5151:
5147:
5145:
5144:
5140:
5139:
5137:
5135:
5131:
5125:
5124:
5120:
5118:
5117:
5113:
5111:
5110:
5106:
5104:
5103:
5099:
5097:
5096:
5092:
5090:
5089:
5085:
5083:
5082:
5078:
5076:
5073:
5071:
5068:
5066:
5063:
5061:
5058:
5056:
5053:
5051:
5048:
5046:
5043:
5041:
5038:
5036:
5033:
5031:
5028:
5026:
5023:
5021:
5020:
5016:
5014:
5013:
5009:
5007:
5006:
5002:
5000:
4999:
4995:
4993:
4992:
4988:
4987:
4985:
4983:
4979:
4973:
4970:
4968:
4965:
4963:
4960:
4958:
4955:
4953:
4950:
4948:
4945:
4943:
4940:
4938:
4935:
4933:
4930:
4928:
4925:
4923:
4920:
4918:
4917:Merneferre Ay
4915:
4913:
4912:Wahibre Ibiau
4910:
4908:
4905:
4903:
4900:
4898:
4897:Sobekhotep IV
4895:
4893:
4890:
4888:
4885:
4883:
4880:
4878:
4875:
4873:
4870:
4868:
4865:
4863:
4860:
4858:
4857:
4853:
4851:
4848:
4846:
4843:
4841:
4838:
4836:
4833:
4831:
4828:
4826:
4823:
4821:
4818:
4816:
4813:
4811:
4808:
4806:
4803:
4801:
4798:
4796:
4793:
4791:
4788:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4763:
4761:
4760:
4756:
4755:
4753:
4751:
4747:
4744:
4736:
4732:
4722:
4721:
4717:
4715:
4712:
4710:
4707:
4705:
4704:Amenemhat III
4702:
4700:
4697:
4695:
4692:
4690:
4687:
4685:
4682:
4680:
4677:
4676:
4674:
4672:
4668:
4662:
4659:
4657:
4654:
4652:
4649:
4648:
4646:
4642:
4636:
4635:Mentuhotep IV
4633:
4631:
4628:
4626:
4625:Mentuhotep II
4623:
4621:
4618:
4616:
4613:
4611:
4608:
4606:
4603:
4602:
4600:
4598:
4594:
4591:
4583:
4579:
4569:
4566:
4561:
4558:
4557:
4555:
4554:
4552:
4546:
4543:
4537:
4533:
4524:
4520:
4515:
4511:
4493:
4490:
4488:
4487:Wahkare Khety
4485:
4483:
4480:
4478:
4475:
4474:
4472:
4470:
4466:
4460:
4459:
4455:
4453:
4450:
4448:
4445:
4443:
4442:Neferkare VII
4440:
4438:
4435:
4434:
4432:
4430:
4426:
4420:
4419:
4415:
4413:
4412:
4408:
4406:
4405:
4401:
4399:
4398:
4394:
4392:
4389:
4387:
4384:
4382:
4379:
4377:
4374:
4372:
4369:
4367:
4364:
4362:
4359:
4357:
4354:
4352:
4349:
4347:
4344:
4342:
4339:
4337:
4334:
4332:
4329:
4327:
4324:
4322:
4319:
4317:
4314:
4313:
4311:
4309:
4305:
4301:
4298:
4290:
4286:
4276:
4275:
4271:
4269:
4268:
4264:
4262:
4259:
4257:
4254:
4252:
4249:
4247:
4244:
4242:
4239:
4237:
4234:
4232:
4229:
4228:
4226:
4224:
4220:
4214:
4211:
4209:
4206:
4204:
4201:
4199:
4196:
4194:
4191:
4189:
4186:
4184:
4181:
4179:
4176:
4174:
4171:
4170:
4168:
4166:
4162:
4156:
4155:
4151:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4139:
4138:
4134:
4132:
4129:
4127:
4124:
4122:
4119:
4117:
4114:
4113:
4111:
4109:
4105:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4093:
4089:
4087:
4086:
4082:
4080:
4077:
4075:
4074:
4070:
4068:
4065:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4055:
4054:
4052:
4050:
4046:
4043:
4035:
4031:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4015:
4011:
4009:
4008:
4004:
4002:
4001:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3989:Seth-Peribsen
3987:
3985:
3984:
3980:
3978:
3977:
3973:
3971:
3970:
3966:
3964:
3963:
3959:
3957:
3956:
3952:
3950:
3949:
3945:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3932:Hotepsekhemwy
3930:
3929:
3927:
3925:
3921:
3915:
3914:
3910:
3908:
3907:
3903:
3901:
3898:
3896:
3893:
3891:
3888:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3878:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3862:
3859:
3858:
3856:
3854:
3850:
3847:
3839:
3835:
3825:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3815:
3811:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3798:
3794:
3792:
3791:
3787:
3785:
3784:
3780:
3778:
3777:
3773:
3771:
3770:
3766:
3764:
3763:
3759:
3757:
3756:
3752:
3750:
3749:
3745:
3744:
3742:
3740:
3736:
3730:
3729:
3725:
3723:
3722:Double Falcon
3720:
3718:
3717:
3713:
3711:
3710:
3706:
3704:
3703:
3699:
3697:
3696:
3692:
3690:
3689:
3685:
3683:
3682:
3678:
3676:
3675:
3671:
3669:
3668:
3664:
3662:
3661:
3657:
3655:
3654:
3650:
3648:
3647:
3643:
3641:
3640:
3636:
3634:
3633:
3629:
3628:
3626:
3624:
3620:
3617:
3613:(pre-3150 BC)
3609:
3608:Protodynastic
3605:
3595:
3592:
3587:
3584:
3583:
3581:
3580:
3578:
3572:
3569:
3563:
3559:
3550:
3546:
3545:Protodynastic
3541:
3537:
3533:
3526:
3521:
3519:
3514:
3512:
3507:
3506:
3503:
3491:
3483:
3481:
3473:
3471:
3463:
3461:
3453:
3451:
3441:
3440:
3437:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3425:Egyptologists
3423:
3421:
3418:
3417:
3414:
3409:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3373:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3336:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3284:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3271:
3268:
3267:
3266:
3263:
3259:
3256:
3255:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3202:
3199:
3198:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3180:
3177:
3176:
3175:
3172:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3154:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3144:
3141:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3121:
3118:
3113:
3112:Ancient Egypt
3106:
3101:
3099:
3094:
3092:
3087:
3086:
3083:
3077:
3074:
3073:
3064:
3060:
3057:
3054:
3053:Alan Gardiner
3050:
3047:
3043:
3042:
3029:
3023:
3019:
3012:
3004:
2998:
2994:
2987:
2979:
2975:
2971:
2967:
2963:
2959:
2955:
2948:
2946:
2937:
2935:9780875862347
2931:
2927:
2920:
2911:
2904:
2898:
2892:
2891:0-500-05128-3
2888:
2884:
2878:
2876:
2874:
2866:
2860:
2853:
2847:
2841:
2837:
2833:
2827:
2825:
2823:
2821:
2819:
2817:
2815:
2813:
2796:
2792:
2788:
2782:
2775:
2769:
2762:
2756:
2749:
2743:
2741:
2733:
2727:
2720:
2714:
2712:
2704:
2703:
2696:
2689:
2685:
2681:
2677:
2673:
2670:
2665:
2656:
2648:
2641:
2640:
2633:
2624:
2616:
2614:90-04-11077-1
2610:
2606:
2605:
2600:
2594:
2592:
2590:
2582:
2580:
2576:"pharaoh" in
2573:
2566:
2564:
2557:
2549:
2545:
2544:
2536:
2529:
2524:
2517:
2514:A. Gardiner,
2511:
2503:
2497:
2494:. Routledge.
2493:
2492:
2484:
2469:
2465:
2461:
2455:
2447:
2441:
2437:
2436:
2428:
2412:
2408:
2407:
2402:
2395:
2379:
2375:
2371:
2365:
2357:
2351:
2347:
2346:
2338:
2330:
2324:
2321:. Routledge.
2320:
2319:
2311:
2302:
2287:
2283:
2279:
2273:
2266:
2260:
2256:
2249:
2241:
2235:
2231:
2224:
2217:
2212:
2208:
2192:
2178:
2177:Late Egyptian
2174:
2170:
2159:
2148:
2144:
2138:
2134:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2102:Roman pharaoh
2100:
2098:
2095:
2094:
2089:
2083:
2078:
2075:
2064:
2057:
2055:
2054:
2048:
2047:
2046:Exodus Rabbah
2042:
2038:
2037:
2032:
2022:
2020:
2016:
2011:
2007:
1997:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1944:. During the
1943:
1939:
1935:
1931:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1917:Ancient Egypt
1911:Ancient Egypt
1901:
1896:
1892:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1874:
1870:
1866:
1856:
1854:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1838:
1828:
1826:
1822:
1818:
1817:First Dynasty
1814:
1810:
1806:
1796:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1772:
1770:
1766:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1746:
1736:
1734:
1730:
1726:
1722:
1718:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1705:First Dynasty
1702:
1698:
1692:
1682:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1669:Egyptologist
1662:
1659:
1651:
1646:
1637:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1619:
1615:
1605:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1584:
1580:
1569:
1566:Statuette of
1564:
1560:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1532:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1513:
1505:
1501:
1490:
1486:
1481:
1472:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1448:
1446:
1442:
1432:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1419:, and later,
1418:
1414:
1407:1919–1885 BCE
1402:
1397:
1379:
1367:
1352:
1342:
1340:
1336:
1326:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1307:
1305:
1301:
1300:First Dynasty
1297:
1293:
1291:
1285:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1254:ancient Egypt
1251:
1245:
1241:
1230:
1225:
1215:
1205:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1174:
1173:Pyramid Texts
1168:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1153:
1151:
1140:
1137:
1129:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1105:
1104:
1100:
1095:This section
1093:
1089:
1084:
1083:
1079:
1069:
1068:for "ruler".
1067:
1066:
1061:
1060:
1055:
1054:
1050:, "Majesty";
1049:
1048:
1047:
1041:
1040:
1034:
1032:
1031:
1026:
1022:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1005:
1002:evolved into
997:
992:
990:
986:
982:
978:
974:
970:
963:
959:
955:
951:
948:
943:
931:
927:
919:
915:
907:
903:
899:
890:
888:
884:
883:Alan Gardiner
880:
876:
872:
868:
864:
860:
856:
851:
849:
845:
841:
840:
839:
833:
829:
824:
822:
818:
814:
810:
806:
802:
791:
787:
776:
772:
768:
764:
756:
752:
748:
743:
739:
737:
733:
729:
727:
722:
720:
714:
712:
711:
705:
697:
695:
694:
687:
683:
673:
671:
667:
663:
659:
655:
651:
647:
643:
639:
634:
632:
628:
624:
620:
615:
610:
608:
607:
602:
598:
597:
592:
591:Sedge and Bee
588:
584:
579:
570:
559:
555:
551:
547:
543:
532:
531:First Dynasty
528:
527:ancient Egypt
524:
520:
516:
508:
503:
489:
485:
484:
479:
473:
446:
438:
417:
409:
408:
405:
404:
401:
400:
397:
387:
386:
374:
373:
370:
369:
355:
352:
351:
348:
347:
331:
326:
325:
322:
321:
307:
304:
303:
300:
299:
283:
278:
277:
274:
273:
270:
269:
262:
261:
258:
257:
254:
253:
250:
245:"Great house"
242:
241:
227:
226:
223:
222:
219:
218:
211:
208:
204:
201:
200:Varies by era
198:
194:
187:
183:
175:
172:
168:
165:
161:
158:
157:
155:
151:
147:
143:
140:
136:
133:
130:
126:
121:
117:
113:
108:
102:
98:
92:
87:
83:
79:
75:
71:
67:
64:combined the
63:
57:
52:
44:
41:
37:
33:
19:
7990:Noble titles
7985:Royal titles
7874:High steward
7757:
7691:
7672:Patrapeamani
7638:Amanikhedolo
7626:Amanikhalika
7586:Amanikhabale
7535:Adikhalamani
7414:Piankhariten
7140:Viceroys at
7116:
7092:Main article
6885:
6878:
6871:
6859:
6852:
6845:
6838:
6831:
6824:
6817:
6810:
6798:
6791:
6774:
6767:
6760:
6753:
6746:
6739:
6732:
6725:
6693:
6686:
6672:Lucius Verus
6629:
6530:
6506:Berenice III
6496:Cleopatra IV
6471:Cleopatra II
6403:Alexander IV
6323:Nectanebo II
6292:
6273:Nepherites I
6232:Artaxerxes I
6219:
6149:
6137:
6120:(664–332 BC)
6100:
6056:Roman Period
5958:Shoshenq VII
5956:
5929:
5889:
5870:Shoshenq III
5852:
5817:
5780:
5758:Psusennes II
5671:Ramesses VII
5651:Ramesses III
5535:Amenhotep II
5530:Thutmose III
5466:
5355:Sobekemsaf I
5347:
5322:
5315:
5308:
5301:
5281:
5274:
5179:
5162:
5157:'Aper-'Anati
5155:
5148:
5141:
5121:
5114:
5107:
5100:
5093:
5086:
5079:
5065:Sekheperenre
5017:
5010:
5003:
4996:
4989:
4887:Neferhotep I
4877:Seth Meribre
4854:
4840:Djedkheperew
4757:
4718:
4709:Amenemhat IV
4699:Senusret III
4689:Amenemhat II
4605:Mentuhotep I
4567:
4456:
4416:
4409:
4402:
4395:
4321:Neferkare II
4272:
4265:
4198:Nyuserre Ini
4152:
4135:
4090:
4083:
4071:
4012:
4007:Neferkasokar
4005:
3998:
3981:
3974:
3967:
3960:
3953:
3946:
3911:
3904:
3812:
3795:
3788:
3781:
3774:
3767:
3760:
3755:Finger Snail
3753:
3746:
3726:
3714:
3707:
3700:
3693:
3686:
3679:
3672:
3665:
3658:
3651:
3644:
3637:
3630:
3593:
3531:
3333:
3152:Architecture
3062:
3055:
3045:
3039:Bibliography
3017:
3011:
2992:
2986:
2961:
2957:
2925:
2919:
2910:
2902:
2897:
2882:
2864:
2859:
2851:
2846:
2831:
2799:. Retrieved
2781:
2773:
2768:
2760:
2755:
2747:
2731:
2726:
2718:
2700:
2695:
2679:
2664:
2654:
2647:
2637:
2632:
2623:
2603:
2577:
2572:
2562:
2556:
2542:
2535:
2527:
2523:
2515:
2510:
2490:
2483:
2472:. Retrieved
2463:
2454:
2434:
2427:
2415:. Retrieved
2404:
2394:
2382:. Retrieved
2373:
2364:
2344:
2337:
2317:
2310:
2301:
2290:. Retrieved
2281:
2272:
2254:
2248:
2229:
2223:
2216:Clayton 1995
2211:
2191:
2172:
2168:
2147:Old Egyptian
2142:
2137:
2051:
2044:
2034:
2028:
2003:
1977:
1965:
1914:
1900:Ramesses III
1888:
1884:
1876:
1872:
1862:
1840:
1837:Golden Horus
1834:
1831:Golden Horus
1804:
1802:
1792:
1780:
1778:
1742:
1712:
1694:
1668:
1655:
1614:Hemhem crown
1611:
1592:
1556:
1538:
1520:
1511:
1508:
1454:
1438:
1410:
1332:
1314:
1308:
1303:
1295:
1289:
1286:
1273:
1269:
1248:
1171:
1169:
1154:
1147:
1132:
1123:
1108:Please help
1096:
1063:
1057:
1051:
1044:
1043:
1037:
1035:
1028:
1020:
1018:rebracketing
1013:
1009:
993:
988:
972:
968:
953:
949:
914:Hebrew Bible
891:
886:
867:Psusennes II
852:
836:
835:
831:
825:
790:Thutmose III
785:
770:
766:
760:
724:
716:
715:"house" and
706:
700:/ˌpaɾuwˈʕaʀ/
689:
681:
679:
666:Hemhem crown
635:
611:
605:
595:
583:three titles
580:
578:–1425 BCE).
569:Thutmose III
540:) until the
514:
481:
415:
414:
160:Nectanebo II
40:
7676:Amanipilade
7646:Mashadakhel
7642:Takideamani
7621:Tarekeniwal
7554:Pakhedateqo
7550:Tanyidamani
7525:Arnekhamani
7494:Sabrakamani
7443:Talakhamani
7395:Aramatle-qo
7170:Amenemnekhu
7085:Main topics
6776:Gordian III
6721:Diadumenian
6521:Cleopatra V
6375:(332–30 BC)
6370:Hellenistic
6313:Nectanebo I
6205:Cambyses II
6187:Psamtik III
6145:Tefnakht II
5947:Takelot III
5942:Osorkon III
5937:Shoshenq VI
5891:Pedubast II
5875:Shoshenq IV
5848:Shoshenq II
5813:Pinedjem II
5803:Menkheperre
5738:Psusennes I
5691:Ramesses XI
5681:Ramesses IX
5666:Ramesses VI
5656:Ramesses IV
5603:Ramesses II
5565:Tutankhamun
5540:Thutmose IV
5520:Thutmose II
5510:Amenhotep I
5482:New Kingdom
5417:New Kingdom
5276:Senusret IV
5260:Dedumose II
5235:Nebiriau II
5230:Nebiryraw I
5225:Mentuhotepi
5030:Khakherewre
4957:Merkheperre
4867:Imyremeshaw
4850:Sedjefakare
4805:Sehetepibre
4780:Ameny Qemau
4714:Sobekneferu
4694:Senusret II
4679:Amenemhat I
4661:Iyibkhentre
4391:Neferirkare
4386:Neferkauhor
4193:Shepseskare
4034:Old Kingdom
4020:Khasekhemwy
4000:Neferkara I
3969:Weneg-Nebty
3814:Scorpion II
3490:WikiProject
3304:Mathematics
3265:Hieroglyphs
3179:Portraiture
3147:Agriculture
3134:Main topics
2863:Bob Brier,
2417:20 December
2384:20 December
1970:New Kingdom
1765:Khasekhemwy
1695:During the
1675:Tutankhamun
1575: 2338
1559:headdress.
1445:Scorpion II
1258:Khasekhemwy
1238:-2680 BCE,
1236: 2890
1229:Khasekhemwy
1161:iconography
1126:August 2024
981:surah Yusuf
930:Koinē Greek
906:Koinē Greek
881:—including
797: 1479
782: 1353
763:New Kingdom
576: 1479
565: 1353
554:New Kingdom
552:during the
396:hieroglyphs
249:hieroglyphs
78:Upper Egypt
74:White Crown
70:Lower Egypt
46:Pharaoh of
7969:Categories
7843:Two Ladies
7788:God's Wife
7664:Aryesbokhe
7591:Natakamani
7566:Amanirenas
7557:Naqyrinsan
7468:Amanibakhi
7453:Baskakeren
7210:Amenemopet
6893:Diocletian
6847:Quintillus
6800:Aemilianus
6755:Gordian II
6727:Elagabalus
6548:Arsinoe IV
6431:Arsinoe II
6356:Darius III
6283:Psammuthes
6172:Psamtik II
5987:Bakenranef
5925:Pedubast I
5920:Takelot II
5915:Harsiese A
5897:Osorkon IV
5885:Shoshenq V
5865:Osorkon II
5838:Shoshenq I
5808:Smendes II
5788:Pinedjem I
5733:Amenemnisu
5686:Ramesses X
5661:Ramesses V
5613:Amenmesses
5593:Ramesses I
5555:Smenkhkare
5525:Hatshepsut
5515:Thutmose I
5265:Montuemsaf
5255:Dedumose I
5055:Nebdjefare
5045:Merdjefare
4815:Nedjemibre
4810:Sewadjkare
4684:Senusret I
4656:Qakare Ini
4477:Meryhathor
4381:Neferkaure
4376:Qakare Iby
4361:Neferkahor
4346:Neferkamin
4154:Thamphthis
4148:Shepseskaf
4062:Sekhemkhet
3913:Horus Bird
3790:Scorpion I
3420:Egyptology
3388:Technology
3351:Philosophy
3299:Literature
3191:Chronology
2901:Ian Shaw,
2801:9 February
2474:2022-05-02
2292:2022-10-20
2203:References
2043:river. In
1921:modern era
1809:Two Ladies
1799:Nebty name
1739:Horus name
1709:Nebty name
1701:Horus name
1329:The Uraeus
1282:Naqada III
1180:and repel
1159:. In this
947:Late Latin
926:Septuagint
875:Shoshenq I
749:from tomb
617:served as
519:vernacular
210:Hereditary
7919:Treasurer
7601:Shorkaror
7596:Amanitore
7581:Nawidemak
7561:Teriteqas
7520:Amantekha
7510:Arakamani
7478:Aktisanes
7458:Harsiotef
7418:Karkamani
7400:Malonaqen
7364:Atlanersa
7359:Tantamani
7304:Akheperre
7244:Mernudjem
7220:Heqanakht
7185:Amenhotep
7180:Usersatet
7025:Ptolemaic
6833:Gallienus
6748:Gordian I
6711:Caracalla
6637:Vespasian
6631:Vitellius
6413:Ptolemaic
6255:Amyrtaeus
6237:Darius II
6182:Ahmose II
6162:Psamtik I
6101:uncertain
6089:Pharaohs
6025:Tanutamun
5860:Takelot I
5843:Osorkon I
5793:Masaharta
5743:Amenemope
5646:Setnakhte
5608:Merneptah
5550:Akhenaten
5467:uncertain
5349:Nebmaatre
5170:Sakir-Har
5123:Yaqub-Har
5035:Nebefawre
4785:Hotepibre
4651:Segerseni
4620:Intef III
4568:uncertain
4556:Pharaohs
4188:Neferefre
4014:Hudjefa I
3895:Semerkhet
3632:Hedju Hor
3594:uncertain
3582:Pharaohs
3324:Mythology
3248:Geography
3238:Dynasties
3186:Astronomy
2978:0009-8388
2690:, S. 3–4.
2688:2077457-6
2435:Egypt Art
2370:"Pharaoh"
2282:Bible Hub
2010:Herodotus
1930:Gilgamesh
1815:from the
1781:Nesu Bity
1727:. By the
1725:cartouche
1671:Bob Brier
1650:Akhenaten
1170:From the
1097:does not
1072:Functions
1012:and then
912:. In the
902:Herodotus
826:From the
777:(reigned
775:Akhenaten
688:compound
680:The word
676:Etymology
596:nswt-bjtj
560:(reigned
558:Akhenaten
517:) is the
206:Appointer
196:Residence
185:Formation
167:Caesarion
66:Red Crown
7995:Pharaohs
7934:Reporter
7693:Category
7530:Arqamani
7515:Amanislo
7483:Aryamani
7473:Nastasen
7463:Akhraten
7433:Nasakhma
7428:Siaspiqa
7405:Analmaye
7374:Anlamani
7344:Shebitku
7308:Neskhons
7287:Pinehesy
7279:Wentawat
7248:Khaemtir
7225:Paser II
7195:Tuthmose
7190:Merymose
7150:Si-Tayit
6985:21 to 23
6903:Galerius
6898:Maximian
6887:Numerian
6854:Aurelian
6806:Valerian
6769:Balbinus
6762:Pupienus
6716:Macrinus
6688:Pertinax
6682:Commodus
6647:Domitian
6610:Claudius
6605:Caligula
6600:Tiberius
6595:Augustus
6215:Darius I
6167:Necho II
6010:Shebitku
5982:Tefnakht
5575:Horemheb
5505:Ahmose I
5317:Pantjeny
5303:Senebkay
5283:Pepi III
5245:Bebiankh
5102:Shenshek
5060:Nebsenre
4892:Sihathor
4862:Khendjer
4825:Renseneb
4770:Nerikare
4615:Intef II
4492:Merykare
4397:Wadjkare
4341:Merenhor
4236:Userkare
4143:Menkaure
4137:Bikheris
4126:Djedefre
4092:Qahedjet
3976:Wadjenes
3962:Horus Sa
3955:Nubnefer
3942:Nynetjer
3906:Sneferka
3646:Ni-Neith
3532:Pharaohs
3460:Category
3381:District
3376:Capitals
3361:Religion
3344:Titulary
3334:Pharaohs
3314:Military
3309:Medicine
3292:Hieratic
3282:Language
3208:Clothing
3162:Obelisks
2795:Archived
2672:Archived
2657:. Brill.
2601:(1998).
2468:Archived
2411:Archived
2378:Archived
2286:Archived
2143:parūwʿar
2060:See also
1962:Horemheb
1954:Djedefre
1925:Sumerian
1906:Divinity
1873:nsw bity
1865:prenomen
1849:obelisks
1845:pyramids
1793:nsw bity
1785:prenomen
1733:titulary
1717:prenomen
1658:Khepresh
1640:Khepresh
1583:New York
1517:ponytail
1427:and the
1292:-sceptre
1250:Sceptres
686:Egyptian
670:Khepresh
623:military
614:religion
523:monarchs
513:
511:פַּרְעֹה
478:Egyptian
388:nswt-bjt
191:3150 BCE
72:and the
7889:Nomarch
7879:Iry-pat
7838:Stolist
7758:Pharaoh
7545:Nahirqo
7540:Tabirqo
7379:Aspelta
7354:Taharqa
7349:Shabaka
7321:Napatan
7312:Pamiu I
7300:Herihor
7291:Setmose
7275:Nahihor
7268:Hori II
7240:Anhotep
7205:Paser I
7122:Viceroy
7117:Pharaoh
7102:Kandake
6880:Carinus
6861:Tacitus
6819:Quietus
6662:Hadrian
6346:Khabash
6177:Wahibre
6157:Necho I
6151:Nekauba
6139:Ammeris
6082:Dynasty
6020:Taharqa
6015:Shabaka
5952:Rudamun
5931:Iuput I
5776:Herihor
5728:Smendes
5628:Twosret
5618:Seti II
5462:female)
5447:Dynasty
5343:Rahotep
5240:Semenre
5210:Djehuti
5192:Khamudi
5181:Yanassi
5164:Salitis
5116:Yakareb
5109:Khamure
5040:Sehebre
4962:Merkare
4610:Intef I
4549:Dynasty
4458:Imhotep
4418:Iytjenu
4404:Khuiqer
4316:Menkare
4267:Neferka
4251:Pepi II
4173:Userkaf
4067:Sanakht
3890:Anedjib
3870:Hor-Aha
3803:Iry-Hor
3797:Shendjw
3769:Pen-Abu
3653:Hat-Hor
3575:Dynasty
3480:Outline
3470:Commons
3430:Museums
3366:Scribes
3356:Pottery
3287:Demotic
3277:History
3228:Cuisine
3157:Revival
2173:pərəʾōʿ
2169:pərəʾaʿ
2167:), and
2053:Tanhuma
1982:Persian
1974:Amun-Re
1966:nfr ntr
1889:neb-kha
1877:nebtawy
1821:Nekhbet
1713:bik-nbw
1626:Deshret
1622:Pschent
1553:Saqqara
1457:Pschent
1451:Pschent
1413:Deshret
1391:Deshret
1266:Anedjib
1208:Regalia
1198:chariot
1194:Apophis
1157:statues
1150:temples
1118:removed
1103:sources
1023:as the
969:firʿawn
952:, both
896:in the
830:onward
821:epithet
767:pharaoh
753:in the
682:pharaoh
650:Pschent
642:Deshret
621:of the
544:by the
416:Pharaoh
123:Details
105:(after
101:shendyt
62:Pschent
7929:Vizier
7869:Haty-a
7848:Herald
7334:Kashta
7295:Piankh
7263:Hori I
7253:Messuy
7020:Argead
6867:Probus
6787:Decius
6782:Philip
6657:Trajan
6385:Argead
6294:Muthis
6247:XXVIII
6227:Xerxes
6095:female
6073:Period
5782:Piankh
5753:Siamun
5623:Siptah
5598:Seti I
5438:Period
5390:Kamose
5324:Snaaib
5294:Abydos
5150:Semqen
5143:Sharek
5095:Sheneh
5075:'Apepi
5070:Bebnum
5025:Nehesy
4845:Sebkay
4765:Sonbef
4562:female
4540:Period
4351:Nikare
4241:Pepi I
4178:Sahure
4131:Khafre
4116:Snefru
4085:Sedjes
4057:Djoser
3983:Senedj
3861:Narmer
3820:Narmer
3702:Wazner
3667:Hsekiu
3639:Ny-Hor
3588:female
3566:Period
3329:People
3196:Cities
3114:topics
3024:
2999:
2976:
2932:
2889:
2838:
2686:
2684:ZDB-ID
2611:
2567:, 160.
2498:
2442:
2352:
2325:
2261:
2236:
2156:) and
1938:Ninsun
1934:Djoser
1825:Wadjet
1745:serekh
1707:. The
1685:Titles
1608:Hemhem
1602:Hedjet
1594:Osiris
1568:Pepy I
1549:Serdab
1545:Djoser
1529:Djoser
1504:London
1489:Abydos
1441:Hedjet
1435:Hedjet
1421:Narmer
1417:Naqada
1335:Uraeus
1302:. The
1262:Abydos
1244:Boston
1202:vizier
962:Arabic
958:Qur'an
950:pharaō
942:pharaō
918:Hebrew
863:Siamun
859:Karnak
855:Siamun
668:, and
646:Hedjet
640:, the
589:, the
585:: the
488:Coptic
142:Narmer
107:Djoser
103:(kilt)
7329:Alara
7272:Siese
7235:Setau
7165:Penre
7142:Kerma
7112:Nubia
6873:Carus
6652:Nerva
6642:Titus
6620:Galba
6587:XXXIV
6572:Roman
6351:Arses
6278:Hakor
6197:XXVII
5907:XXIII
5497:XVIII
5457:(male
5187:Apepi
5175:Khyan
5088:Wazad
4856:Wegaf
4790:Iufni
4644:Nubia
4452:Setut
4274:Nefer
4121:Khufu
4079:Khaba
4073:Nebka
3937:Nebra
3865:Menes
3824:Menes
3776:Stork
3739:Upper
3695:Neheb
3688:Thesh
3674:Khayu
3623:Lower
3393:Trade
3371:Sites
3319:Music
3233:Dance
3167:Pylon
3129:Index
2129:Notes
1950:Horus
1885:sa-ra
1869:nomen
1805:Nebty
1769:Nebra
1753:Horus
1721:nomen
1624:, or
1618:Nemes
1557:nemes
1541:Nemes
1535:Nemes
1401:imiut
1311:flail
1182:Isfet
1010:pərro
1007:ⲡⲣ̅ⲣⲟ
971:with
966:فرعون
934:φαραώ
910:Φερων
887:pr-ˤ3
832:pr-ꜥꜣ
786:pr ꜥꜣ
771:pr ꜥꜣ
728:pr-ꜥꜣ
693:pr ꜥꜣ
658:Nemes
601:Nebty
587:Horus
515:Parʿō
502:Pǝrro
493:ⲡⲣ̄ⲣⲟ
483:pr ꜥꜣ
447:also
243:pr-ˤ3
146:Menes
128:Style
97:nemes
48:Egypt
7339:Piye
7258:Seti
7215:Yuny
7175:Nehi
7160:Seni
7155:Turo
7097:Qore
6706:Geta
6625:Otho
6615:Nero
6333:XXXI
6318:Teos
6265:XXIX
6130:XXVI
6115:Late
6092:male
6052:Late
6005:Piye
5974:XXIV
5880:Pami
5830:XXII
5419:and
5335:XVII
5081:Nuya
4750:XIII
4559:male
4521:and
4411:Khui
4308:VIII
4231:Teti
4213:Unas
4098:Huni
3900:Qa'a
3880:Djet
3875:Djer
3783:Bull
3762:Fish
3728:Wash
3709:Mekh
3585:male
3339:List
3258:List
3201:List
3051:Sir
3022:ISBN
2997:ISBN
2974:ISSN
2930:ISBN
2887:ISBN
2836:ISBN
2803:2022
2609:ISBN
2496:ISBN
2440:ISBN
2419:2017
2386:2017
2350:ISBN
2323:ISBN
2259:ISBN
2234:ISBN
2041:Nile
1867:and
1863:The
1847:and
1835:The
1823:and
1779:The
1761:Djer
1719:and
1630:Atef
1612:The
1598:Atef
1589:Atef
1539:The
1521:khat
1512:khat
1509:The
1475:Khat
1465:Djet
1315:heqa
1309:The
1274:heqa
1186:Nile
1178:Maat
1101:any
1099:cite
1039:nswt
1014:ərro
985:ayin
922:פרעה
871:Amun
846:and
751:KV62
745:The
662:Atef
654:Khat
631:mꜣꜥt
627:Maat
606:nbtj
60:The
7230:Huy
6305:XXX
6054:to
5997:XXV
5720:XXI
5585:XIX
5202:XVI
4982:XIV
4830:Hor
4671:XII
4304:VII
4049:III
3885:Den
3681:Tiu
3547:to
3174:Art
2966:doi
2175:in
2171:or
2145:in
1915:In
1891:).
1853:sun
1841:nbw
1813:Aha
1789:Den
1757:Aha
1551:in
1525:Den
1485:Den
1469:Den
1339:Den
1304:was
1296:was
1290:was
1270:mks
1260:in
1112:by
1065:ḥqꜣ
1053:jty
1033:).
1016:by
726:smr
698:, *
525:of
431:ɛər
394:in
247:in
144:or
76:of
68:of
7971::
7015:31
7010:30
7005:27
7000:26
6995:25
6990:24
6980:20
6975:19
6970:18
6965:12
6960:11
5638:XX
5570:Ay
5134:XV
4597:XI
4429:IX
4223:VI
4108:IV
3948:Ba
3924:II
3863:/
3822:/
3808:Ka
3660:Pu
2972:.
2962:64
2960:.
2956:.
2944:^
2872:^
2811:^
2793:.
2789:.
2739:^
2710:^
2588:^
2548:50
2462:.
2409:.
2403:.
2372:.
2284:.
2280:.
2181:c.
2162:c.
2151:c.
1978:ka
1958:Ra
1881:Re
1755:.
1749:Ka
1636:.
1620:,
1581:,
1572:c.
1531:.
1502:,
1498:,
1493:c.
1491:,
1471:.
1431:.
1405:c.
1325:.
1284:.
1242:,
1233:c.
1231:,
1190:Ra
1059:nb
1046:ḥm
1030:pꜣ
1021:p-
989:-n
964::
954:-n
936:,
932::
928:,
920::
908::
850:.
838:ḥm
794:c.
779:c.
765:,
719:ꜥꜣ
710:pr
664:,
660:,
656:,
573:c.
562:c.
535:c.
509::
505:;
496:,
490::
486:;
480::
476:;
469:oʊ
460:eɪ
445:US
441:,
434:oʊ
189:c.
7726:e
7719:t
7712:v
7072:e
7065:t
7058:v
6955:4
6951:3
6948:2
6944:1
4469:X
4306:/
4165:V
3853:I
3748:A
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