Effects unit - Knowledge

3410: 428: 3201: 579: 2962: 642: 1774: 2639: 1948: 1291: 1535: 681: 29: 3370: 2249: 2624: 1016: 1865: 1337: 1266: 3270: 266: 3095: 355:. Stompboxes are used in both live performance and studio recording. Rackmount devices saw a heavy usage during the later 20th century, due to their superior processing power and desirable tones as compared to pedal-style units. However, by the 21st century, with the advent of digital plugins and more powerful stompboxes for live usage, the use of rack-mounted effect units has declined. An effects unit can consist of 2540:, while more sophisticated and expensive devices offer a range of interval alterations. A pitch shifter can be used by an electric guitarist to play notes that would normally only be available on an electric bass. As well, a bass player with a four string electric bass can use an octave pedal to obtain low notes that would normally only be obtainable with a five-string bass with a low "B" string. 2784: 7786: 7048: 2503: 835: 7812: 1126: 567: 2927:

included multiple onboard trigger switch effects, such as HPF (high pass filter) for enhancing harmonics and producing feedback effects, and LPF (low pass filter), producing a bass boost with a cello sound on heavy gauge strings. Later EBow models, such as the plus Ebow, contain a mode slide switch on the back, which allows the player to either produce just sustain or

2896: 1611:-based volume pedals are used by electric instrument players (guitar, bass, keyboards) to adjust the volume of their instrument with one foot while their hands are being used to play their instrument. Treadle-style volume pedals are often also used to create swelling effects by removing the attack of a note or chord, as popularised by 2879:

and unusual sounds not possible through regular playing techniques. Guitar feedback effects can be difficult to perform, because it is difficult to determine the sound volume and guitar position relative to a guitar amp's loudspeaker necessary for achieving the desired feedback sound. Guitar feedback

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that indicates if the effect is on. A typical distortion or overdrive pedal's three potentiometers, for example, control the level or intensity of the distortion effect, the tone of the effected signal and the output level of the effected signal. Depending on the type of pedal, the potentiometers may

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such as a hall or room). This is done by creating a large number of echoes that gradually fade away in volume or "decay". One early technique for creating a reverb effect was to send an amplified signal of the music via a speaker to another room with reflective surfaces, such as a tile bathroom, and

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situations. Musicians may use them in place of stompboxes, as use of a rack can offer space for conveniently mounting additional rackmount equipment or accessories. Rackmounted effects units are typically mounted in a rack, which may be housed within a road case, a durable case with removable access

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Black country bluesmen made raw, heavily amplified boogie records of their own, especially in Memphis, where guitarists like Joe Hill Louis, Willie Johnson (with the early Howlin' Wolf band) and Pat Hare (with Little Junior Parker) played driving rhythms and scorching, distorted solos that might be

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Boutique pedals are designed by smaller, independent companies and are typically produced in limited quantities. Some may even be hand-made, with hand-soldered connections. These pedals are mainly distributed online or through mail-order, or sold in a few music stores. They are often more expensive

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combinations of different effects, allowing musicians quick on-stage access to different effects combinations. Multi-effects units typically have a range of distortion, chorus, flanger, phaser, delay, looper and reverb effects. Pedal-style multi-effects range from fairly inexpensive stompboxes that

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devices deliver a voltage of the proper level and characteristics to enable equipment to function properly (e.g., by providing transient impulse protection). A rackmounted wireless receiver unit is used to enable a guitarist or bassist to move around on stage without being connected to a cable. A

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or, more generally, envelope filter effects: A filter effect that is controlled by the volume of the input signal. The most common filter type used for this effect pedal is the low-pass filter, although many designs include a toggle for band-pass or high-pass filters as well. Additionally, some

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released the Model 601 Tremolo Control, the first commercially available stand-alone effects unit. This device produced a tremolo by passing an instrument's electrical signal through a water-based electrolytic fluid. Most stand-alone effects of the 1950s and early 1960s such as the Gibson GA-VI

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Other handheld and mounted guitar and bass resonators have been on the market since the early 1990s, produced in Germany under the SRG brand, which ceased production in 2016, and were available in both monophonic (one string at a time) and polyphonic (multiple strings at a time) models, which

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His first venture, the Phillips label, issued only one known release, and it was one of the loudest, most overdriven, and distorted guitar stomps ever recorded, "Boogie in the Park" by Memphis one-man-band Joe Hill Louis, who cranked his guitar while sitting and banging at a rudimentary drum

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of Heet Sound Products, of Los Angeles, California, for a small, handheld, battery-powered resonator. The Ebow was invented by Greg Heet, as a way to make a note on an electric guitar string resonate continuously, creating an effect that sounds similar to a bowed violin note or a sustained

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so that the effect's circuitry is no longer in the signal path, substituting higher-quality components, replacing the unit's original operational amplifiers (op-amps), or adding functions to the device, such as allowing additional control of some factor or adding another output jack.

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and violinists when they are prolonging a single note. Vibrato effects often allow the performer to control the rate of the variation as well as the difference in pitch (e.g. "depth"). A vibrato with an extreme "depth" setting (e.g., half a semitone or more) will produce a dramatic,

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panels that protect the equipment within during transportation. Because of this, rackmount effect units are not always designed with durable protective features such as corner protectors which are used on stompboxes and amps that are designed to be transported as standalone units.

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identical to a stompbox's, although its circuits are typically more complex. Unlike stompboxes, rackmounts usually have several different types of effects. Rackmount effects units are controlled by knobs, switches or buttons on their front panel, and often remote-controllable by a

2097:, in general electronics, means the altering of one signal based on another. In audio effects, modulation is a control feature that varies the strength or other attribute of the effect over time to alter tonal properties. Some modulation effects modulate an instrument's 3091:: Bitcrushers rely on conversion of the audio signal into a digital format (ADC) and the reduction of sound fidelity by utilising bit (and sometimes sample) rates low enough to cause significant colouration and filtering within the audible frequency range. 3425:

may have switch pedals for turning built-in reverb and distortion effects on and off; the pedals contain only a switch, with the circuitry for the effect being housed in the amplifier chassis. Some musicians who use rackmounted effects or laptops employ a

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effect is a button or switch to turn it on or off, or a single knob. In contrast, a pedal or rackmounted unit would typically provide ratio, threshold and attack controls or other options to allow the user additional control over the compression.

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effects, and sometimes reverb. The Fender Bandmaster Reverb amp, for example, had built-in reverb and vibrato. Built-in effects may offer the user less control than standalone pedals or rackmounted units. For example, on some lower- to mid-priced

3036:, a software program and effect unit which can be used to both correct pitch (it moves a pitch to the nearest semitone), and add vocal effects. Some stompbox-style vocal pedals contain multiple effects, such as reverb and pitch correction. 963:'s "Cotton Crop Blues"), creating "a grittier, nastier, more ferocious electric guitar sound," accomplished by turning the volume knob on his amplifier "all the way to the right until the speaker was screaming." Link Wray's 1958 recording " 4634: 402:

Stompboxes are small plastic or metal chassis that usually lie on the floor or in a pedalboard to be operated by the user's feet. Pedals are often rectangle-shaped, but there are a range of other shapes (e.g., the circular

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contain two pedals and a few knobs to control the effects to large, expensive floor units with many pedals and knobs. Rack-mounted multi-effects units may be mounted in the same rack as preamplifiers and power amplifiers.

420:, for example, the knobs may control the depth and speed of the effect. Complex stompboxes may have multiple footswitches, many knobs, additional switches or buttons that are operated with the fingers, and an alphanumeric 3281:

than mass-produced pedals and offer higher-quality components, innovative designs, in-house-made knobs, and hand-painted artwork or etching. Some boutique companies focus on re-creating classic or vintage effects.

2923:– inductive string driver – feedback circuit, including a sensor coil, driver coil, and amplifier, to induce forced string resonance. The Ebow brand resonator is monophonic, and drives only one string at a time. 1035:, allowing for much more compact formats and greater stability. The first transistorized guitar effect was the 1962 Maestro Fuzz Tone pedal, which became a sensation after its use in the 1965 Rolling Stones hit " 3127:

but is used with a variety of instruments as well as vocals. The Hammond/Leslie combination has become an element in many genres of music. The Leslie Speaker and the Hammond Organ brands are currently owned by

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are often also marketed as "sustainer pedals". As a note is sustained, it loses energy and volume due to diminishing vibration in the string. The compressor pedal boosts its electrical signal to the specified

2678: 2050: 1308: 3397:. Stompbox-format tuner pedals route the electric signal for the instrument through the unit via a 1/4" patch cable. These pedal-style tuners usually have an output so that the signal can be plugged into a 2931:

feedback in addition to sustain. Pedals such as the Boss DF-2 and FB-2 use an internally generated signal matched to the pitch of the guitar that can be sustained indefinitely by depressing the pedal. Many

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with movements of the mouth. The modified sound is then picked up by a microphone. In this way, the guitarist is able create the effect that the guitar is talking. Some famous uses of the talkbox include

3156:. The Kaoss Pad's touchpad can be used to control its internal effects engine, which can be applied to a line-in signal or to samples recorded from the line-in. Effects types include pitch shifting, 1987: 2008: 2941:, slightly prolonging the duration of the note. This, combined with heavy distortion and the close proximity of the guitar and the speaker cabinet, can lead to infinite sustain at higher volumes. 511:

signal that continues on to other effects down the chain. In this way, a musician can combine effects within a chain in a variety of ways without having to reconnect boxes during a performance. A

2027: 2657: 1966: 574:. These road cases have the front protective panels removed so the units can be operated. The protective panels are put back on and latched shut to protect the effects during transportation. 2860:

is almost always avoided. However, in some styles of rock music, electric guitar players intentionally create feedback by playing their instrument directly in front of a heavily amplified,

343:. When rackmounted effects are mounted in a roadcase, this also speeds up a musician's set-up and tear-down time, because all of the effects can be connected together inside the rack case. 2711:

to the original signal at a slight time-delay. The effect can either be a single echo called a "slap" or "slapback", or multiple echos. A well-known use of delay is the lead guitar in the

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tend to only have built-in reverb. Some acoustic instrument amplifiers have reverb, chorus, compression and equalization (bass and treble) effects. Vintage guitar amps typically have

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lets the musician create multiple effect chains, so they can select one or several chains by tapping a single switch. The switches are usually organized in a row or a simple grid.

2028: 2655: 1964: 1480:(also called bass overdrive) is a style of playing the electric bass that produces a buzzy, overdriven sound via a tube or transistor amp or by using a fuzz or overdrive pedal. 2780:. High-end boutique tape loop effects are still used by some studio producers who want a vintage sound. Digital loop effects recreate this effect using an electronic memory. 652:

A multi-effects (MFX) device is a single electronics effects pedal or rackmount device that contains many different electronic effects. multi-effects devices allow users to

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over the chords. Some units allow a performer to layer multiple loops, enabling the performer to create the effect of a full band. The first loop effects were created with

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can produce, in which a note or chord starts very softly and then grows in volume. Treadle-based volume pedals do not usually have batteries or require external power.

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based on the original pitch, or even with some pedals, three note harmony. Some hamonizers are able to create chorus-like effects by adding very tiny shifts in pitch.

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use highly sophisticated equalizers to eliminate unwanted sounds, make an instrument or voice more prominent, and enhance particular aspects of an instrument's tone.

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tube-like distortion by compressing the waveform without completely flattening it. Much like guitar tube amplifiers, overdrive effects units are capable of producing

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and the amp or PA system. Bass preamps also allow for the gain of the signal to be boosted or cut. Some models also offer equalization controls, a compressor, and a

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footswitch pedal such as the "A/B" pedal routes a guitar signal to an amplifier or enables a performer to switch between two guitars, or between two amplifiers.

2367:: A tremolo effect produces a slight, rapid variation in the volume of a note or chord. The "tremolo effect" should not be confused with the misleadingly-named 4735: 3340:

for modifying or "modding" effects. Typically, vendors provide either custom modification services or sell new effects pedals they have already modified. The

5944: 328:, to reduce set-up and tear-down time and, for pedalboards with lids, protect the pedals during transportation. When a musician has multiple effects in a 5980: 7714: 3743: 1793:: A talk box directs the sound from an electric guitar or synthesizer into the mouth of a performer using a tube, allowing the sound to be shaped into 586:

HE3000 Ultra-Harmonizer pictured here displays the entire name of an effect or setting, which helps users to find their preferred settings and effects.

814:. The original stand-alone units were not especially in-demand as many effects came built into amplifiers. The first popular stand-alone was the 1958 5365: 5895: 5661: 6229: 2105:. Other modulation effects split an instrument's audio signal in two, altering one portion of the signal and mixing it with the unaltered portion. 1476:", with a fuzz effect featured prominently on the main electric guitar riff played by Keith Richards, greatly popularized the use of fuzz effects. 1198:

Effects and effects units—stompboxes in particular—have been celebrated by pop and rock musicians in album titles, songs and band names. The

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include an overdrive effect. Occasionally, acoustic-electric and electric guitars will have built-in effects, such as a preamp or equalizer.

2261:: A phaser or "phase shifter" creates a slight rippling effect—amplifying some aspects of the tone while diminishing others—by splitting an 2965:

A Line 6 modeling amplifier shown from above. Note the various amplifier and speaker emulations selectable via the rotary knob on the left.

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effect can be heard. Flanger units add a variably delayed version of the audio signal to the original or signal, creating a comb filter or

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While distortion effect units are most associated with electric and bass guitar, they are also commonly used on keyboard instruments (i.e.

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systems, which are often used in guitar amplifiers, use a transducer to create vibrations in a spring. Digital reverb effects use various

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with specially designed acoustic properties simulated the sound of live performances in different environments. In the mid to late 1940s,

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guitar amplifier modeler. Digital effects designed for DJs are often sold in tabletop models, so that the units can be placed alongside a

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Introduction to Guitar Tone and Effects: A Manual for Getting the Sounds from Electric Guitars, Amplifiers, Effects Pedals and Processors

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Introduction to Guitar Tone and Effects: A Manual for Getting the Sounds from Electric Guitars, Amplifiers, Effects Pedals and Processors

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Introduction to Guitar Tone and Effects: A Manual for Getting the Sounds from Electric Guitars, Amplifiers, Effects Pedals and Processors

3028:: Pitch correction effects use signal-processing algorithms to re-tune faulty intonation in a vocalist's performance or create unusual 7294: 7084: 6621: 6173: 1686:

to make quiet sounds even quieter. If used with extreme settings and combined with reverb, they can create unusual sounds, such as the

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effects, dynamics effects modify the volume of an instrument. Dynamics effects were among the first effects introduced to guitarists.

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Time-based effects delay the sound signal, add reverb or echos, or, if a long delay is possible, enable musicians to record "loops".

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volume during solos and preventing signal loss in long effects chains. A guitarist switching from rhythm guitar to lead guitar for a

599: 2852:: Audio feedback is an effect produced when amplified sound is picked up by a microphone or guitar pickup and played back through a 2543:

A harmonizer is a type of sophisticated pitch shifter that combines the altered pitch with the original pitch to create a two note

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hum, hiss, and static in the signal by greatly diminishing the volume when the signal falls below a set threshold. Noise gates are

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designs can switch between a down filter mode and an up filter. This effect is commonly used in funk, reggae and jam band music.

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by rotating the speakers or a sound-directing duct. The rotating speaker creates a chorus-type effect. Named after its inventor,

2952:: An envelope follower activates an effect once a designated volume is reached. One effect that uses an envelope follower is the 1055: 3683: 5219: 4990: 2282: 895: 241:

and record producers use effects units during live performances or in the studio, typically with electric guitar, bass guitar,

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an effect (distortion), but it is not an effects pedal as the case does not contain effects circuitry; it is just a switch.

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are some of the most often-modified effects. Common modifications include value changes in capacitors or resistors, adding

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A tabletop unit is a type of multi-effects device that sits on a desk and is controlled manually. One such example is the

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uses pedals, but it is not an effect unit; it is a foot-operated keyboard in which the pedals are typically used to play

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intervals above the notes actually played. Simple, less expensive pitch shifters raise or lower the pitch by one or two

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ME-5 multi-effects from 1988 included several pedal effects in one unit, with the ability to write and recall presets.

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at the end. When using many effects, unwanted noise and hum can be introduced into the sound. Some performers use a

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players. This enables electric guitar and pedal steel players to imitate the soft swelling sound that an orchestra

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The Guitar Player Book: 40 Years of Interviews, Gear, and Lessons from the World's Most Celebrated Guitar Magazine

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are electronic effects units that are designed for use with the low pitches created by an electric bass or for an

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that incorporated one or more speakers with the amp. The 1950 Ray Butts EchoSonic amp was the first to feature a

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audio compressors in a recording studio. From top to bottom: Retro Instruments/Gates STA level; Spectra Sonic;

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finally made it possible to fit effects circuitry into highly portable stompbox units. Transistors replaced

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A rotating Leslie speaker in a clear plastic cabinet. Typically, the Leslie is mounted in a wooden cabinet.

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then record the natural reverberations that were produced. A plate reverb system uses an electromechanical

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were the first effects that musicians used regularly outside the studio. From the late 1940s onward, the

379:— is patched into the effect. Whatever the form factor, effects units are part of a studio or musician's 36:

allows a performer to create a ready-to-use chain of multiple pedals to achieve certain types of sounds.

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was not an effect originally intended by amplifier manufacturers, but could often easily be achieved by

768:. Built-in effects for keyboards typically include reverb, chorus and, for Hammond organ, vibrato. Many 7802: 7446: 7355: 4400: 3051: 1448:

A fuzz pedal, or fuzzbox, is a type of overdrive effects unit that clips a signal until it is nearly a

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at the end of a chain to reduce unwanted noise and hum introduced by overdrive units or vintage gear.

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to one version while leaving the rest unaltered. A well-known usage of chorus is the lead guitar in "

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that passes through them by either boosting or weakening specific frequencies or frequency regions.

7847: 7790: 7760: 7052: 6556: 3964: 2796:: Reverb units simulate the spacious sounds produced naturally in a huge stone cathedral (or other 2768:

can play the backing chords (or riffs) to a song, loop them with the pedal, and then sing and do a

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sound, simulating a studio effect that was first produced by recording a track on two synchronized

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display that indicates the status of the effect with short acronyms (e.g., DIST for "distortion").

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or a combination of the two. During a live performance, the effect is plugged into the electrical

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amplifier. Note the four inputs, two for regular sound and two which are run through the onboard

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A musician bringing many pedals to a live show or recording session often mounts the pedals on a

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units began replacing stompboxes as the effects format of choice. Often musicians would record

1000: 847: 5467: 5264: 5017: 4363: 202:, typically placed on the floor and controlled with footswitches. They may also be built into 7436: 7350: 6688: 5579: 4877: 4560: 4458: 4390: 4290: 4262: 3892: 3865: 3838: 2720: 2554:, introduced in 1989. It creates a "strange and artificial" sound, with distinctive "wobbly" 2525: 2325: 1807: 1543: 964: 465:(Rocktron Short Timer Delay → Danelectro CTO-1 Transparent Overdrive → Boss HM-2 → Boss MT-2) 148: 2756:: A looper pedal or "phrase looper" allows a performer to record and later replay a phrase, 737:

effects. Bass amplifiers are less likely to have built-in effects, although some may have a

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The earliest sound effects were strictly used in studio productions. Microphones placed in

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path of the instrument. In the studio, an instrument or another sound source — possibly an

356: 172: 69: 5896:"Radiohead's Ed O'Brien: 'I was always drawn to sounds that didn't sound like the guitar'" 3381:

Not all stompboxes and rackmounted electronic devices designed for musicians are effects.

2958:, which produces a "wah" effect depending on how loud or soft the notes are being played. 8: 7852: 7261: 6703: 6272:

Practical Recording Techniques: The Step-by-step Approach to Professional Audio Recording

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Practical Recording Techniques: The Step-by-step Approach to Professional Audio Recording

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began producing the Marshall 1963, a guitar amplifier capable of producing the distorted

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The Boss Book: The Ultimate Guide to the World's Most Popular Compact Effects for Guitar

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Professional Sound Reinforcement Techniques: Tips and Tricks of a Concert Sound Engineer

2707:: Delay/echo units produce an echo effect by adding a duplicate instrument-to-amplifier 806:

vibrato unit and the Fender reverb box, were expensive and impractical, requiring bulky

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industry. Rackmount effects have a standardized 19-inch width, and height of 1 or more

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Thomas E. Oberheim (May 1970). "A Ring Modulator Device for the Performing Musician".

4109: 3514: 3451: 1259: 7499: 7383: 7360: 7221: 6661: 6651: 6535: 6355: 6250: 6209: 6167: 6082: 5981:"The secrets behind Jack White's guitar tone on the White Stripes' Seven Nation Army" 5667: 5587: 5541: 5473: 5446: 5419: 5391: 5270: 5194: 5096: 5023: 4996: 4955: 4928: 4883: 4856: 4824: 4666: 4566: 4539: 4512: 4462: 4431: 4404: 4396: 4369: 4331: 4320: 4294: 4266: 4235: 4075: 4021: 3995: 3898: 3871: 3844: 3810: 3768: 3689: 3662: 3620: 3596: 3569: 3462: 3402: 3317: 3313: 3273: 3042:: Simulators enable electric guitars to mimic the sound of other instruments such as 3012: 2885: 2868: 2773: 2708: 2394: 1752: 1496: 1438: 1226: 685: 661: 629: 325: 140: 33: 4586: 2991:

8x10" bass cabinet). Sophisticated modeling effects can simulate different types of

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pedal, an effect designed by noted audio engineer Fumio Mieda that mimicked the odd

641: 495:. Effect chains are typically created between the guitar and the amp or between the 7842: 7674: 7613: 7572: 7479: 7456: 7426: 7271: 7231: 7101: 7093: 6965: 6874: 6793: 5158: 4480: 3472: 3431: 3386: 3023: 2970: 2881: 2864: 2853: 2832: 2739: 2731: 2724: 2555: 2529: 2507: 2491: 2393:

variations in the sound wave. Tremolo effects are built-in effects in some vintage

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effects, as distorted guitar sounds were first achieved by increasing the gain of

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or passage from a song. Loops can be created on the spot during a performance (

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are among the many musicians who have referenced effects units in their music.

1184: 1160: 1146: 1115: 968: 933: 920:

distorted sounds. Among the first musicians to experiment with distortion were

909: 879: 790: 722: 680: 626: 408: 372: 254: 246: 238: 187: 108: 6151: 3540: 3357: 2248: 1046:, The Clyde McCoy, in 1967 and that same year Roger Mayer developed the first 7826: 7771: 7740: 7441: 7375: 7319: 7289: 7226: 7203: 7137: 6970: 6884: 6823: 6803: 6748: 6681: 4327: 3739: 3477: 3390: 3325: 3242: 3177: 3124: 3120: 3067: 3004: 2938: 2806: 2792: 2747: 2603: 2591: 2563: 2520:

A pitch shifter (also called an "octaver" for effects that shift pitch by an

2515: 2441: 2402: 2345: 2333: 2266: 2163: 2126: 2109: 1917: 1913: 1898: 1877: 1869: 1858: 1751:

often have equalizers for two bands, to adjust bass and treble, professional

1732: 1655: 1551: 1222: 1119: 1079: 1071: 1047: 1043: 891: 851: 753: 583: 551: 417: 380: 219: 191: 168: 160: 136: 132: 53: 5351: 4647: 1534: 898:

began manufacturing the tremolo amps Tremolux in 1955 and Vibrolux in 1956.

7816: 7514: 7474: 7309: 7279: 7236: 7008: 6975: 6950: 6945: 6828: 6708: 6666: 6646: 6013: 5985: 5957: 5871: 3764:

Modern Guitar Rig: The Tone Fanatic's Guide to Integrating Amps and Effects

3486: 3481: 3394: 3382: 3337: 3289: 3250: 3246: 3218: 3214: 3209: 2983:

effect that replicates the sound of various amplifiers, most often vintage

2980: 2872: 2871:. The creative use of feedback effects was pioneered by guitarists such as 2761: 2608: 2571: 2466: 2462: 2449: 2382: 2321: 2317: 2305: 2262: 2227: 2195: 2130: 2102: 2098: 1720: 1691: 1687: 1683: 1636: 1581: 1344: 1247: 1211: 1172: 1099: 1087: 1083: 1032: 980: 960: 929: 875: 871: 786: 595: 535: 500: 496: 492: 352: 120: 37: 28: 5469:

Power Tools for Reason 3.0: Master the World's Most Popular Virtual Studio

5242: 5174:

Recording in the Digital World: Complete Guide to Studio Gear and Software

4795: 3369: 7755: 7750: 7709: 7694: 7618: 7603: 7562: 7519: 7335: 6998: 6982: 6925: 6915: 6879: 6859: 6698: 5880: 5575: 3230: 3112: 3055: 3016: 2825: 2769: 2579: 2575: 2484: 2369: 2199: 1589: 1515: 1511: 1500: 1159:

guitarists would chain several fuzz pedals together and plug them into a

1067: 1051: 988: 956: 945: 941: 883: 867: 823: 807: 590:

Rackmount effects units are typically built in a thin metal chassis with

231: 207: 195: 175:, which create echoing sounds and emulate the sound of different spaces. 49: 6050: 5328: 3709: 2623: 2190:

and periodically slowing one tape by pressing the edge of its reel (the

1643:. With extreme settings of its controls, a compressor can function as a 1015: 625:

Rackmount effects units are most commonly used in recording studios and

7745: 7735: 7552: 7340: 7304: 7173: 7168: 6930: 6889: 6808: 6693: 6379: 5900: 5876: 5844: 5785: 4689: 3398: 3349: 3305: 3157: 3086: 2916: 2911: 2821: 2802: 2743: 2693: 2599: 2595: 2587: 2458: 2425: 2421: 2378: 2329: 2286: 2278: 2211: 2121:

produce naturally, by mixing similar sounds with slight differences in

2094: 2086: 1864: 1666: 1449: 1442: 1388: 1328: 1235: 1028: 996: 976: 937: 705: 669: 329: 144: 112: 5586:, Keyboard Synthesizer Library, vol. 2, Hal Leonard, p. 52, 7365: 7284: 6743: 6718: 4562:

The History of Marshall: The Illustrated Story of "The Sound of Rock"

3345: 3321: 3226: 3222: 3108: 3059: 2988: 2889: 2857: 2813: 2777: 2567: 2470: 2454: 2390: 2219: 2134: 1886: 1827: 1798: 1744: 1716: 1671: 1577: 1559: 1539: 1484: 1477: 1465: 1426: 1380: 1151: 1110:. By the mid-1970s a variety of solid-state effects pedals including 1103: 1020: 999:

to explore distortion by various means. In 1966, the British company

992: 984: 863: 746: 603: 571: 404: 332: 5442:

The After Effects Illusionist: All the Effects in One Complete Guide

4453:, "Church of the Sonic Guitar", pp. 13–38 in Anthony DeCurtis, 4257:, "Church of the Sonic Guitar", pp. 13–38 in Anthony DeCurtis, 3767:. MusicPro Guides. Milwaukee: Hal Leonard Corporation. p. 146. 2328:. The original sound wave is suppressed and replaced by a "ring" of 1972:

Chorus effect on guitar, coming from an Electro-Harmonix Small Clone

1755:

offer much more targeted control over the audio frequency spectrum.

1402:

While distortion effects units produce perfectly flattened peaks or

1336: 733:

Some guitar amplifiers have built-in multi-effects units or digital

407:). Typical simple stompboxes have a single footswitch, one to three 7557: 7534: 7524: 7464: 7251: 7062: 6798: 6676: 6599: 4484: 3439: 3374: 3269: 3253:, a small electronic device that matches the impedance between the 3169: 3152:, and effects processor for audio and musical instruments, made by 3142: 3033: 2954: 2928: 2876: 2628: 2533: 2445: 2337: 2297: 1924: 1803: 1789: 1781: 1550:; Smart Research C2; Chandler Limited TG1; Daking FET (91579); and 1372: 1368: 1265: 1219: 1199: 1168: 1107: 1063: 952: 802: 794: 665: 391: 368: 128: 3430:

controller pedalboard or armband remote controls to trigger sound

313:. Unprocessed audio coming into an effects unit is referred to as 265: 7653: 7398: 6783: 5663:

Electronic and Experimental Music: Technology, Music, and Culture

3434:, switch between different effects or control effect settings. A 3181: 3165: 3094: 3029: 3000: 2544: 2480: 2475: 2436: 2374: 2363: 2170: 2139: 1933: 1644: 1608: 1203: 1111: 972: 887: 855: 811: 742: 717: 713: 689: 539: 499:

and the power amp. When a pedal is off or inactive, the electric

152: 73: 65: 6484: 4847:

Home Studio Clinic: A Musician's Guide to Professional Recording

1885:

produced by an instrument—i.e., how loud it is at each separate

801:

to create echo effects and unusual, futuristic sounds. In 1941,

3258: 3079: 3032:-type vocal effects. One of the best known examples of this is 2996: 2537: 2521: 2122: 1461: 1156: 1059: 5087:

Audio Production Worktext: Concepts, Techniques, and Equipment

2816:

to create the reverb effect, often by using multiple feedback

2612:

described the Whammy as one of the most iconic guitar pedals.

2432:

to create a percussive and rhythmic effect like a helicopter.

1901:

or other electronic control. Wah-wah pedals are often used by

1897:. The device is operated by a foot treadle that manipulates a 1576:

pedal amplifies the volume of an instrument by increasing the

566: 7719: 7689: 7033: 5736:

Dod Presents 100 Superstar Guitar Sounds on a Stompbox Budget

4608: 3726:

Dod Presents 100 Superstar Guitar Sounds on a Stompbox Budget

3047: 2875:

in the 1960s. This technique creates sustained, high-pitched

2783: 2473:

variations in the sound wave. Guitarists often use the terms

2381:

effects, a tremolo is produced by modulating an instrument's

2114: 2077:

A low-frequency oscillator modulating a vibrato (synthesizer)

2056:

A low-frequency oscillator modulating a tremolo (synthesizer)

1794: 1164: 780: 4736:"Serve the Servants: Unlocking the Secrets of Grunge Guitar" 3790:"Pedal Order by the Numbers – Plus, the Pros on Pedal Order" 3565:

Complete Acoustic Guitar Method: Mastering Acoustic Guitar c

2269:

of one portion. Three well-known examples of phaser are the

1993:

A short synthesizer sample followed by two flanging versions

1881:: A wah-wah pedal creates vowel-like sounds by altering the 7489: 3427: 3285: 3153: 3145: 3063: 2907: 2900: 2757: 2502: 1902: 1748: 834: 615: 5632:, American Association of Physics Teachers, archived from 5288: 5286: 7256: 5626:

The Electronic Music Synthesizer and the Physics of Music

4046: 2735: 2238: 1936:, Electro-Harmonix Q-Tron Plus, DOD Envelope Filter 440. 1767: 1600: 1125: 912:. In the 1950s, guitarists began deliberately increasing 491:

is formed by connecting two or more stompboxes forming a

421: 412: 4322:

The Rolling Stone illustrated history of rock & roll

3011:

system by replicating its volume and pitch modulations,

1082:. The pedals soon became favorite effects of guitarists 7598: 6935: 5283: 4686:

Tribute: Ikutaro Kakehashi and Roland's Impact on Music

3249:

in jazz, folk, blues and similar genres may use a bass

2895: 2880:

effects are used in a number of rock genres, including

2712: 2461:

effects, vibrato is produced by mixing an instrument's

2014:

Unprocessed organ followed by different phasing effects

866:, which quickly became popular with guitarists such as 5894:

Astley-Brown, Michael; Laing, Rob (14 November 2017).

3066:

is a bass guitar effect that simulates the sound of a

2440:: Vibrato effects produce slight, rapid variations in 1592:

may use a boost to increase the volume of their solo.

1272:

kneeling while operating two stompboxes with his hands

594:

designed to be screw-mounted into the rack rails of a

297:

is sometimes used. A pedal-style unit may be called a

7800: 4823:, vol. 1, Continuum International, p. 112, 1678:—meaning that, unlike compressors, they increase the 317:, while the processed audio output is referred to as 211: 5709:"Guitar FX-101: Your Guide to Guitar Effects Pedals" 5151:"Classic Tracks: Phil Collins' "In the Air Tonight"" 5036: 4392:

Louisiana Rocks! The True Genesis of Rock & Roll

4365:

Continuum Encyclopedia of Popular Music of the World

2550:

The first mass-market digital pitch shifter was the

1690:

used in 1980s pop songs, a style popularized by the

1351:

Distortion, overdrive, and fuzz effects units add a

3364: 3204:

A selection of bass effect pedals at a music store.

1483:Notable examples of fuzz effect units include the: 1391:overtones. Distortion effects are sometimes called 636: 92:is an electronic device that alters the sound of a 6009:"Digitech releases new Whammy with chord shifting" 5509:"Electro Harmonix Deluxe Electric Mistress Review" 5084: 4844: 4715: 4535:The Electric Guitar: A History of an American Icon 4319: 3635: 3633: 2999:techniques. A rotary speaker simulator mimics the 416:control different parameters of the effect. For a 253:, they can be used with any audio source, such as 5915: 5893: 5083:Reese, David; Gross, Lynne; Gross, Brian (2009). 4276: 2987:and famous brands of speaker cabinets (e.g., the 1163:. Throughout the 1990s, musicians committed to a 1155:helped to re-ignite interest in stompboxes. Some 7824: 5833: 5831: 5216:"The Talkbox Will Never Die: A Talkbox Playlist" 2487:" or "whammy bar" on a guitar produces vibrato. 186:. Some effects, particularly older ones such as 6208:. University of Washington Press. p. 138. 5685: 5383: 5082: 4920: 4311: 3681: 3630: 3389:pedals indicate whether a guitar string is too 3373:Some rock and pop guitarists and bassists use " 3115:used to create special audio effects using the 3078:to "soften" a note's attack both in volume and 2206:. Some famous uses of flanger effects include " 2101:with a signal generated by the effect called a 6000: 4767:"Stephen Malkmus – Talks Real Emotional Trash" 4185:"10 Things You Didn't Know About Scotty Moore" 3806:Your Band's First Gig: Getting The Sound Right 2828:are two genres that make heavy use of reverb. 1363:character to an audio signal by re-shaping or 534:pedals at the start of the chain; modulation ( 269:Various type of guitar and bass effect pedals. 249:. While effects are most frequently used with 7078: 6615: 6351:Guitar Effects Pedals: The Practical Handbook 6189:Guitar Effects Pedals: The Practical Handbook 5924:"Muse's Matt Bellamy: Natural-Born Disruptor" 5828: 5333: 5121:Guitar Effects Pedals: The Practical Handbook 5067:Guitar Effects Pedals: The Practical Handbook 4976:MAKE: Electronics: Learning Through Discovery 4703:Guitar Effects Pedals: The Practical Handbook 4350:counted the distant ancestors of heavy metal. 4212:Guitar Effects Pedals: The Practical Handbook 4133:Guitar Effects Pedals: The Practical Handbook 3920:Guitar Effects Pedals: The Practical Handbook 3058:pick ups replicate the sound of guitars with 2373:, a device on a guitar bridge that creates a 1102:, created by taking a chorus circuit from an 1098:released the CE-1 Chorus Ensemble, the first 700:and even some types of instruments. Electric 6228:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 5945:"David Gilmour discusses guitars, blues and 5772: 5580:"Pitch Blending, Modulation, and Expression" 4901: 4899: 3987: 2528:") each note a performer plays by a pre-set 351:Effects units are available in a variety of 7705:Professional Lighting and Sound Association 5921: 5766:Mixing Audio: Concepts, Practices and Tools 5240: 5114: 5112: 5022:. Oxford University Press US. p. 170. 4565:. Hal Leonard Corporation. pp. 28–33. 3965:"Synthesizing Hammond Organ Effects: Part1" 3711:How to Play Guitar: The Basics & Beyond 3658:The Ultimate Live Sound Operator's Handbook 3284:Some boutique pedal manufacturers include: 2408:Tremolo effects: Demeter TRM-1 Tremulator, 1423:examples of distortion and overdrive pedals 1042:Warwick Electronics manufactured the first 1007:that rock musicians were starting to seek. 214:designed for DJs and record producers, and 7295:Comparison of analog and digital recording 7085: 7071: 6622: 6608: 6399: 6397: 6301:"Boss GT-8 Floor Guitar Effects Processor" 5511:. Internet Guitar Database. Archived from 5409: 5407: 4728: 4658: 4286:Present Tense: Rock & Roll and Culture 4223: 4221: 3894:From Demo Tape to Record Deal: Handy Guide 2995:(e.g., the sound of an 8x10" cabinet) and 2805:to create vibrations in a plate of metal. 2389:carrier wave in such a way that generates 1406:clipping, overdrive effects units produce 781:Studio effects and early stand-alone units 752:Instruments with built-in effects include 7029:Music technology (electronic and digital) 5655: 5653: 5607:"Hey, What's That Sound: Ring Modulators" 5565:, University of Washington Press. p. 288. 5498:, University of Washington Press. p. 153. 5379: 5377: 5298:, University of California Press. p. 202. 5171:Rudolph, Thomas; Leonard, Vincent (2001) 5139:, University of Washington Press. p. 171. 4896: 4648:https://www.roger-mayer.co.uk/octavia.htm 3932:Bartlett, Bruce; Bartlett, Jenny (2008). 3588: 3123:, it is particularly associated with the 1319:(no effects), then with distortion pedal. 618:digital control interface or pedal-style 411:for controlling the effect, and a single 6201: 6034:Hubner, David; Runstein, Robert (2009). 5942: 5533: 5465: 5133:Louie, Gary J.; White, Glenn D. (2005). 5109: 5078: 5076: 4947: 4842: 4282: 4248: 4013: 3708:Editors, Guitar Player Magazine (2001). 3682:McCormick, Tim; Rumsey, Francis (2009). 3454:— a list of non-electronic audio effects 3408: 3368: 3268: 3199: 3093: 2960: 2894: 2782: 2622: 2501: 2247: 1863: 1772: 1533: 1335: 1264: 1258:For broader coverage of this topic, see 1124: 1014: 833: 679: 640: 577: 565: 426: 390: 264: 27: 6527: 6394: 6006: 5806: 5622: 5438: 5413: 5404: 5384:Zölzer, Udo; Amatriain, Xavier (2002). 5015: 4992:The Routledge Guide to Music Technology 4921:Zölzer, Udo; Amatriain, Xavier (2002). 4908:Power Tools for Synthesizer Programming 4609:"FuzzEffect: The Fuzz Story and Photos" 4508:Rhythm and Noise: An Aesthetics of Rock 4361: 4218: 3890: 3738: 3480:— effects units used in the context of 704:often have built-in reverb, chorus and 546:) in the middle; and time-based units ( 7825: 6512:Chappell, Jon; Phillips, Mark (2005). 6497:Chappell, Jon; Phillips, Mark (2005). 6404:Moraga, Christian (19 November 2009). 6403: 6347: 6242: 6172:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 6074: 5837: 5778: 5659: 5650: 5374: 5262: 5186: 4988: 4816: 4679: 4504: 4444: 4423: 4388: 4317: 4039: 3950:Amps!: The Other Half of Rock 'n' Roll 3863: 3836: 3802: 3654: 3188:. The Kaoss Pad can also be used as a 2497: 1452:, resulting in a heavily distorted or 1414:sounds at lower volumes and distorted 916:beyond its intended levels to achieve 7766:New Interfaces for Musical Expression 7066: 6603: 6474: 6406:"Mod.It.Yourself (M.I.Y) Parts 1 – 3" 5666:, Taylor & Francis, p. 198, 5418:. Taylor & Francis. p. 271. 5213: 5148: 5073: 4764: 4558: 4531: 4478: 4067: 3947:Eiche. Jon; Fliegler, Ritchie (1993) 3561: 3529: 3509: 3507: 3130:Suzuki Musical Instrument Corporation 2684:Reverb with increasingly longer delay 1584:. These units are generally used for 609:A rackmount effects unit may contain 503:coming into the pedal diverts onto a 107:, often used with electric guitar in 7092: 6629: 6582:Armband Controller for Effects Chain 6554: 5978: 5688:"Rolling Stones – Gimme Shelter tab" 5574: 4927:. John Wiley and Sons. p. 117. 4875: 4869: 4289:(4. print. ed.). Durham, N.C.: 4227: 3962: 3787: 3760: 3642:How to Succeed As a Female Guitarist 2273:part on the Van Halen instrumental " 696:Effects are often incorporated into 6477:"Stompbox Basics: Tremolo and Fuzz" 6475:Platt, Charles (9 September 2008). 5922:Charupakorn, Joe (11 August 2022). 5800: 5390:. John Wiley and Sons. p. 76. 4103: 3723:Mangum, Eric; Stubbs, Dean (2000). 3225:. Two examples of bass effects are 2842: 2510:Polyphonic Octaver Generator (POG). 2324:generated by the device's internal 967:" inspired young musicians such as 793:and experimental musicians such as 16:Electronic device that alters audio 13: 6557:"Racks 201: MIDI Foot Controllers" 6327:"Batt-O-Meter : Where to Buy" 6249:. Workman Publishing. p. 33. 6081:. Workman Publishing. p. 34. 4796:"Big Muff Pi Distortion/Sustainer" 3746:. guitarplayer.com. Archived from 3504: 3264: 2692:Problems playing these files? See 2637: 2357:Moogerfooger MF-102 Ring Modulator 2085:Problems playing these files? See 1946: 1375:by flattening its peaks, creating 1289: 959:for several recordings (including 273:An effects unit is also called an 251:electric or electronic instruments 14: 7874: 7315:Reel-to-reel audio tape recording 6870:Recording studio as an instrument 6269:Bartlett, B; Bartlett, J (2008). 5943:Tolinski, Brad (September 1994). 4106:"Acoustic Guitar – Early Pickups" 3953:, Hal Leonard. p. 25, 40, 52, 74. 3276:brand "Mudhoney" overdrive pedal. 2719:", and also the opening riff of " 2448:variations produced naturally by 2113:: Chorus pedals mimic the effect 890:and Gibson built amplifiers with 822:made famous by the British band, 675: 143:, which modify frequency ranges; 7810: 7784: 7046: 6573: 6548: 6521: 6506: 6491: 6468: 6446: 6420: 6368: 6341: 6319: 6293: 6278: 6263: 6236: 6205:The Audio Dictionary Instruments 6195: 6180: 6140: 6125: 6119:Left-Handed History of the World 6110: 6095: 6068: 6043: 6028: 5972: 5936: 5887: 5859: 5623:Hartman, W. M. (19 March 1979), 5190:PC Recording Studios for Dummies 4659:Molenda, Mike; Pau, Les (2007). 4511:. I.B.Tauris. pp. 121–123. 4074:. MIT Press. pp. 437, 476. 3788:Ross, Michael (28 August 2020). 3744:"Bruce Egnater on Effects Loops" 3365:Other pedals and rackmount units 3054:simulators used on guitars with 2944: 2787:Folded line spring reverberation 2674: 2653: 2067: 2046: 2025: 2004: 1983: 1962: 1526:), as well as drums and vocals. 1327:Problems playing this file? See 1305: 637:Multi-effects and tabletop units 438:From the input to the output : 257:instruments, drums, and vocals. 7300:Experimental musical instrument 6430:. cubisteffects. Archived from 6246:The Girl's Guide to Rocking Out 6101:Hubner, D; Runstein, R (2009). 6078:The Girl's Guide to Rocking Out 5840:"The FX files: DigiTech Whammy" 5781:"The FX files: DigiTech Whammy" 5757: 5742: 5727: 5701: 5679: 5616: 5599: 5568: 5553: 5527: 5501: 5486: 5459: 5432: 5356: 5345: 5342:, 2002, Hal Leonard Corporation 5322: 5301: 5256: 5234: 5207: 5180: 5165: 5142: 5127: 5058: 5009: 4982: 4967: 4941: 4914: 4836: 4810: 4788: 4758: 4742:. 26 April 2011. Archived from 4709: 4694: 4652: 4641: 4622: 4601: 4579: 4552: 4525: 4498: 4472: 4417: 4382: 4355: 4203: 4177: 4151: 4139: 4124: 4097: 4094:Presto Music Times, August 1941 4088: 4061: 4040:Tianen, Dave (13 August 2009). 4033: 4007: 3981: 3956: 3941: 3926: 3911: 3884: 3870:. Hal Leonard. pp. 91–92. 3857: 3830: 3796: 3781: 3754: 3732: 3717: 3331: 3237:have built-in effects, such as 3195: 1660:Boss CS-3 Compression Sustainer 1138: 1010: 346: 215: 199: 194:, use mechanical components or 6531:Ableton Live 6 Tips and Tricks 6454:"Selected Stompbox Schematics" 5879:. 19 October 2018 – via 5838:Lynham, Alex (2 August 2019). 5779:Lynham, Alex (2 August 2019). 4765:Atria, Travis (6 March 2008), 4231:Inside the Blues, 1942 to 1982 4163:Guitar.com | All Things Guitar 3702: 3675: 3648: 3645:, Alfred Music. p. 30–31. 3609: 3582: 3555: 3062:pick ups, or vice versa. A de- 2717:Where the Streets Have No Name 2663:A flute before and after delay 1260:Sound effect § Techniques 848:tube-powered guitar amplifiers 260: 96:or other audio source through 1: 7485:Electronic musical instrument 6378:. Dunlop News. Archived from 6329:. •Keith McMillen Instruments 6007:Vallese, Nick (5 June 2012). 5807:Greeves, David (April 2013). 5733:Mangum, E; Stubbs, D (2000). 5019:Electronic and Computer Music 4706:. Hal Leonard. p. 11–15. 4215:. Hal Leonard. p. 11–13. 3963:Reid, Gordon (January 2004), 3803:Rogers, Jerry (25 May 2010). 3497: 3452:Acoustic wave § See also 2933: 2615: 2469:in such a way that generates 2405:" features a tremolo effect. 2129:. A chorus effect splits the 1939: 1474:(I Can't Get No) Satisfaction 1460:circuitry to achieve a harsh 1456:sound. Fuzzboxes may contain 1315:Electric guitar played first 1276: 1253: 1037:(I Can't Get No) Satisfaction 829: 561: 555: 523: 386: 335:, this case may be called an 7791:Record production portal 7680:Institute of Broadcast Sound 7053:Record production portal 6555:Kahn, Scott (6 March 2006), 6534:. PC Publishing. p. 5. 6354:. Hal Leonard. p. 204. 5559:Louie, G; White, G. (2005). 5472:. Hal Leonard. p. 169. 5352:Electro-Harmonix Q-Tron Plus 5214:Dyers, Jon (21 March 2008). 5046:. The Museum of Making. 2010 4665:. Hal Leonard. p. 222. 3897:. Alfred Music. p. 26. 3688:. Focal Press. p. 131. 3661:. Hal Leonard. p. 366. 3595:. Hal Leonard. p. 139. 3568:. Alfred Music. p. 92. 3539:. Trip Atlas. Archived from 3517:. The Museum of Making. 2010 3401:to produce sound. Rackmount 3076:voltage-controlled amplifier 2377:or pitch-bending effect. In 2277:" and the keyboard parts on 2133:and adds a slight delay and 1599:LPB-1, Fender Volume Pedal, 708:, while acoustic guitar and 198:. Effects are often used as 167:; and time effects, such as 7: 7700:Musical Electronics Library 7024:Music technology (electric) 6202:White, G, Louie, G (2005). 6104:Modern Recording Techniques 6037:Modern Recording Techniques 5979:Gill, Chris (9 July 2020). 5809:"Digitech Whammy (5th Gen)" 5540:, Hal Leonard, p. 29, 5534:Brewster, David M. (2001), 5492:Louie, G; White, G (2005). 5445:. Focal Press. p. 37. 5387:DAFX: Digital Audio Effects 5193:. For Dummies. p. 25. 5149:Flans, Robyn (1 May 2005). 4954:, Hal Leonard, p. 18, 4948:Brewster, David M. (2001), 4924:DAFX: Digital Audio Effects 4882:. Hal Leonard. p. 39. 4879:Getting Great Guitar Sounds 4843:Menasche, Emile D. (2007). 4234:. Hal Leonard. p. 61. 4071:The Computer Music Tutorial 4014:Brewster, David M. (2003), 3994:, Hal Leonard, p. 51, 3988:Pinksterboer, Hugo (2001), 3843:. Hal Leonard. p. 92. 3445: 3377:" format electronic tuners. 2919:note. The resonator uses a 2444:, mimicking the fractional 1872:(1970) manufactured by JEN. 1731:: An equalizer is a set of 1529: 955:produced heavily distorted 799:reel-to-reel recording tape 206:, instruments (such as the 10: 7879: 7447:Sound reinforcement system 7356:Sound reinforcement system 5613:, London, 9 November 2009. 5266:Electronics for Guitarists 5263:Denton, Dailey J. (2011). 4995:. CRC Press. p. 177. 4538:. JHU Press. p. 136. 4427:Chuck Berry: The Biography 4401:Pelican Publishing Company 4283:DeCurtis, Anthony (1992). 4020:, Hal Leonard, p. 7, 3207: 3107:are specially constructed 3072:envelope-controlled filter 2524:) raises or lowers (e.g. " 2513: 2397:. The guitar intro in the 1705:Boss NS-2 Noise Suppressor 1418:sounds at higher volumes. 1280: 1257: 1133:pedals connected together. 1062:began marketing Shin-ei's 908:the power supply in early 775: 725:, the only control on the 222:in such common formats as 20: 7780: 7728: 7670:Audio Engineering Society 7662: 7586: 7568:Software effect processor 7548:Digital audio workstation 7533: 7455: 7397: 7389:Digital signal processing 7374: 7328: 7270: 7212: 7153:Digital audio workstation 7128: 7100: 7042: 6991: 6898: 6837: 6727: 6637: 5269:. Springer. p. 183. 5044:"The Art of the Stompbox" 4587:"The Art of the Stompbox" 4505:Gracyk, Theodore (1996). 4146:"THE WATKINS/WEM COPICAT" 3515:"The Art of the Stompbox" 3492:Vintage musical equipment 2156:Boss CE-1 Chorus Ensemble 1932:Envelope filter effects: 1715:Filter effects alter the 1710: 1548:Empirical Labs Distressor 1489:Electro-Harmonix Big Muff 1210:, is commemorated by the 842:Reverb amp and a ROSS amp 517:effects management system 218:, and are widely used as 184:digital signal processors 23:Software effect processor 7761:Professional audio store 7663:People and organizations 7649:Sound recording engineer 6528:Delaney, Martin (2007). 6122:, Murdoch Books. p. 209. 6075:Hopper, Jessica (2009). 5416:Digital Audio Processing 5292:Schneider, John (1985). 4461:, 1992, pp. 24–27. 4159:"All About... Ray Butts" 4136:. Hal Leonard. p. 11–12. 4042:"The Wizard Of Waukesha" 3991:Tipbook: Acoustic Guitar 3221:used with a bass amp or 3180:, auto-panning, gating, 2903:guitar string resonator. 2584:Rage Against the Machine 2355:Ring modulator effects: 2265:in two and altering the 2216:Ain't Talkin' 'Bout Love 1855:Dunlop HT1 Heil Talk Box 1076:Leslie rotating speakers 818:, a relatively portable 598:that is standard to the 447:(tc electronic Polytune) 178:Most modern effects use 21:Not to be confused with 7179:Microphone preamplifier 6284:Brice, Richard (2001). 6134:The Guitar F/X Cookbook 5748:Fischer, Peter (2000), 5660:Holmes, Thomas (2008), 5466:Kurasaki, Kurt (2005). 5363:DOD Envelope Filter 440 5295:The Contemporary Guitar 5218:. Dyers. Archived from 5177:, Hal Leonard . p. 192. 5091:. Focal Press. p. 5016:Manning, Peter (2004). 4979:O'Reilly Media. p. 257. 4973:Platt, Charles (2009). 4851:. Hal Leonard. p. 4559:Doyle, Michael (1993). 4532:A. J., Millard (2004). 3864:Ashton, Adrian (2006). 3837:Ashton, Adrian (2006). 3589:Yakabuski, Jim (2001). 2732:Boss DD-3 Digital Delay 2252:An MXR-101 Phaser pedal 2194:). When the two tapes' 1934:Musitronics Mu-Tron III 1889:—in what is known as a 1558:Also called volume and 570:Rackmounted effects in 456:(Morley Bad Horsie Wah) 180:solid-state electronics 103:Common effects include 98:audio signal processing 7120:Electronic and digital 6518:, For Dummies. p. 187. 6503:, For Dummies. p. 291. 6376:"What is True Bypass?" 6275:. Focal Press. p. 226. 6131:Amelar, Chris (1997). 6107:, Focal Press. p. 508. 6040:, Focal Press. p. 508. 5769:, Focal Press. p. 470. 5439:Perkins, Chad (2009). 5414:Coulter, Doug (2000). 5309:"Wah Comparison Chart" 4911:, Hal Leonard. p. 171. 4876:Ross, Michael (1998). 4817:Barker, David (2007), 4362:Shepard, John (2003). 4068:Roads, Curtis (1996). 3938:. Focal Press. p. 226. 3923:. Hal Leonard. p. 125. 3458:Category:Audio effects 3421:Guitar amplifiers and 3418: 3378: 3277: 3205: 3099: 2966: 2904: 2788: 2642: 2632: 2511: 2253: 2174:: A flanger creates a 2021:Ring modulation effect 1951: 1873: 1868:Thomas Organ Cry Baby 1785: 1555: 1493:Shin-ei Companion FY-2 1348: 1294: 1273: 1137:In the 1980s, digital 1134: 1106:and putting it into a 1024: 1001:Marshall Amplification 843: 693: 649: 587: 575: 480: 399: 270: 77: 6941:Ghostwriters in music 6487:on 28 September 2010. 6348:Hunter, Dave (2004). 6192:. Hal Leonard. p. 25. 6186:Hunter, Dave (2004). 6137:, Hal Leonard. p. 41. 5763:Izhaki, Roey (2007). 5739:. Hal Leonard. p. 94. 5686:Trolet, Jean-Pierre. 5584:Synthesizer technique 5187:Strong, Jeff (2005). 5124:. Hal Leonard. p. 23. 5070:. Hal Leonard. p. 23. 5064:Hunter, Dave (2004). 4989:Holmes, Thom (2006). 4459:Duke University Press 4430:. Aurum. p. 38. 4424:Collis, John (2002). 4291:Duke University Press 4263:Duke University Press 3917:Hunter, Dave (2004). 3891:Levitin, Dan (1992). 3714:. Hal Leonard. p. 82. 3655:Gibson, Bill (2007). 3617:Understanding Records 3615:Hodgson, Jay (2010). 3412: 3372: 3272: 3203: 3097: 3070:. The effect uses an 2964: 2898: 2786: 2721:Welcome to the Jungle 2641: 2626: 2505: 2344:is the guitar in the 2296:Phase shift effects: 2251: 1950: 1905:and rock guitarists. 1867: 1776: 1747:regions. While basic 1537: 1339: 1293: 1268: 1128: 1018: 837: 698:instrument amplifiers 683: 644: 581: 569: 462:Overdrives/distortion 430: 394: 268: 31: 7578:Software synthesizer 7543:Digital audio editor 7329:Playback transducers 7189:Multitrack recording 5562:The Audio Dictionary 5495:The Audio Dictionary 5368:29 June 2021 at the 5136:The Audio Dictionary 4820:33 1/3 Greatest Hits 4389:Aswell, Tom (2010). 4318:Miller, Jim (1980). 4228:Dave, Rubin (2007). 4189:American Blues Scene 3761:Kahn, Scott (2011). 3750:on 30 November 2018. 3742:(16 December 2009). 3729:. Hal Leonard. p. 8. 3562:Horne, Greg (2000). 3423:electronic keyboards 3342:Ibanez Tube Screamer 3255:piezoelectric pickup 3046:, electric bass and 2670:Reverberation effect 2558:. Its users include 2340:". A notable use of 2283:Just the Way You Are 1703:Noise gate effects: 1650:Compressor effects: 1568:: When activated, a 1458:frequency multiplier 1435:Marshall ShredMaster 1431:Ibanez Tube Screamer 1244:They Might Be Giants 766:digital synthesizers 611:electronic circuitry 522:It is common to put 396:Ibanez Tube Screamer 105:distortion/overdrive 6116:Wright, Ed (2007). 5751:Rock Guitar Secrets 4905:Aikin, Jim (2004). 3792:. guitarplayer.com. 3685:Sound and Recording 3639:Clement, V (2007). 3007:sound of a vintage 2742:Deluxe Memory Man, 2498:Pitch and frequency 2237:Electric Mistress, 2208:Walking on the Moon 2198:are later mixed, a 1764:Boss GE-7 Equalizer 1762:Equalizer effects: 1347:produces distortion 846:Effects built into 797:began manipulating 791:recording engineers 710:keyboard amplifiers 398:TS9 overdrive pedal 361:digital electronics 289:. The abbreviation 243:electronic keyboard 7629:Re-recording mixer 7432:Keyboard amplifier 7148:Binaural recording 6855:Hip hop production 6515:Guitar for Dummies 6500:Guitar for Dummies 6307:on 7 February 2010 6243:Hopper, J (2009). 6154:on 20 January 2022 5754:, Mel Bay. p. 164. 5713:Roland Corporation 5515:on 30 October 2005 5118:Hunter, D (2004). 4798:. Electro-Harmonix 4700:Hunter, D (2004). 4209:Hunter, D (2004). 4191:. 28 December 2016 4130:Hunter, D (2004). 3543:on 8 December 2008 3419: 3379: 3278: 3206: 3100: 2977:Amplifier modeling 2967: 2905: 2837:Fender Reverb Unit 2789: 2643: 2633: 2512: 2271:two handed tapping 2254: 1952: 1883:frequency spectrum 1874: 1832:Rocky Mountain Way 1824:Kickstart My Heart 1808:Livin' on a Prayer 1786: 1770:10-band EQ Pedal. 1753:graphic equalizers 1697:In the Air Tonight 1613:pedal steel guitar 1566:Boost/volume pedal 1556: 1505:Z.Vex Fuzz Factory 1470:The Rolling Stones 1464:by adding complex 1349: 1295: 1283:Distortion (music) 1274: 1167:aesthetic such as 1135: 1025: 844: 735:amplifier modeling 694: 650: 588: 576: 481: 400: 271: 141:graphic equalizers 94:musical instrument 78: 7798: 7797: 7604:Guitar technician 7500:Music workstation 7384:Digital recording 7361:Speaker enclosure 7280:8-track cartridge 7222:Phonograph record 7060: 7059: 6662:Critical distance 6585:, 23 October 2010 6434:on 30 August 2010 6382:on 24 August 2011 6290:, Newnes. p. 413. 6287:Music Engineering 5947:The Division Bell 5673:978-0-415-95781-6 5452:978-0-240-81145-1 5243:"The Talkbox FAQ" 5241:McCarron, Brett. 5102:978-0-240-81098-0 4410:978-1-58980-677-1 4403:. pp. 61–5. 4397:Gretna, Louisiana 4148:13 September 2010 4112:on 9 October 2011 3867:The Bass Handbook 3840:The Bass Handbook 3774:978-1-4234-9944-2 3625:978-1-4411-5607-5 3463:Frequency divider 3403:power conditioner 3318:T-Rex Engineering 3104:Rotating speakers 2950:Envelope follower 2934:compressor pedals 2886:heavy metal music 2869:speaker enclosure 2811:signal processing 2774:reel-to-reel tape 2709:electrical signal 2679: 2658: 2631:EP-2 delay effect 2492:Boss VB-2 Vibrato 2490:Vibrato effects: 2395:guitar amplifiers 2332:higher and lower 2291:Slip Slidin' Away 2233:Flanger effects: 2119:string orchestras 2072: 2051: 2030: 2009: 1988: 1967: 1735:that strengthen ( 1688:gated drum effect 1652:Keeley Compressor 1497:Univox Super-Fuzz 1485:Arbiter Fuzz Face 1387:sounds by adding 1379:sounds by adding 1371:the shape of its 1310: 1301:Distortion effect 1227:Superfuzz Bigmuff 1191:continued to use 1114:, chorus pedals, 770:clonewheel organs 762:electronic pianos 758:electronic organs 727:audio compression 702:guitar amplifiers 686:Fender Bandmaster 668:, turntables and 630:live sound mixing 471:Modulations/delay 431:An example of an 326:guitar pedalboard 283:effects processor 204:guitar amplifiers 147:effects, such as 86:effects processor 34:guitar pedalboard 7870: 7838:Electric guitars 7815: 7814: 7813: 7806: 7789: 7788: 7787: 7675:Goji Electronics 7614:Monitor engineer 7573:Software sampler 7480:Electronic drums 7457:Electronic music 7427:Guitar amplifier 7272:Analog recording 7232:Compact cassette 7194:Music production 7102:Music technology 7094:Music technology 7087: 7080: 7073: 7064: 7063: 7051: 7050: 7049: 6966:Session musician 6631:Music production 6624: 6617: 6610: 6601: 6600: 6594: 6593: 6592: 6590: 6577: 6571: 6570: 6569: 6567: 6552: 6546: 6545: 6525: 6519: 6510: 6504: 6495: 6489: 6488: 6483:. 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Jerry Rogers. 3800: 3794: 3793: 3785: 3779: 3778: 3758: 3752: 3751: 3736: 3730: 3721: 3715: 3706: 3700: 3699: 3679: 3673: 3672: 3652: 3646: 3637: 3628: 3613: 3607: 3606: 3586: 3580: 3579: 3559: 3553: 3552: 3550: 3548: 3537:"Guitar effects" 3533: 3527: 3526: 3524: 3522: 3511: 3473:Nonlinear filter 3413:This footswitch 3387:electronic tuner 3336:There is also a 3247:Upright bassists 3024:Pitch correction 2993:speaker cabinets 2971:Guitar amplifier 2882:psychedelic rock 2865:guitar amplifier 2854:guitar amplifier 2843:Feedback/sustain 2833:Electro-Harmonix 2831:Reverb effects: 2740:Electro-Harmonix 2681: 2680: 2660: 2659: 2640: 2508:Electro-Harmonix 2424:sequence with a 2302:Electro-Harmonix 2235:Electro-Harmonix 2214:, the intro to " 2160:Electro-Harmonix 2154:Chorus effects: 2074: 2073: 2053: 2052: 2032: 2031: 2011: 2010: 1990: 1989: 1969: 1968: 1949: 1914:Morley Power Wah 1859:Rocktron Banshee 1597:Electro-Harmonix 1595:Volume effects: 1520:tonewheel organs 1439:MXR Distortion + 1343:an instrument's 1312: 1311: 1292: 1208:Electro-Harmonix 1206:manufactured by 1195:effects pedals. 1189:Guided by Voices 1122:were available. 1096:Boss Corporation 860:combo amplifiers 854:began including 820:tape echo effect 600:music technology 556:noise gate pedal 489: 488: 475: 466: 457: 448: 439: 369:auxiliary output 163:effects such as 119:effects such as 50:octave generator 7878: 7877: 7873: 7872: 7871: 7869: 7868: 7867: 7848:Sound recording 7823: 7822: 7821: 7811: 7809: 7801: 7799: 7794: 7785: 7783: 7776: 7724: 7658: 7624:Record producer 7609:Mixing engineer 7582: 7529: 7495:MIDI controller 7470:Circuit bending 7451: 7393: 7370: 7346:Monitor speaker 7324: 7266: 7214:Recording media 7208: 7199:Music sequencer 7184:Monitor speaker 7130:Sound recording 7124: 7096: 7091: 7061: 7056: 7047: 7045: 7038: 6987: 6956:Record producer 6909: 6905: 6894: 6848: 6844: 6833: 6774:Double tracking 6730: 6723: 6714:Sound recording 6652:Audio mastering 6633: 6628: 6598: 6597: 6588: 6586: 6579: 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4342: 4340: 4338: 4316: 4312: 4301: 4281: 4277: 4265:, 1992, p. 19. 4253: 4249: 4242: 4226: 4219: 4208: 4204: 4194: 4192: 4183: 4182: 4178: 4168: 4166: 4165:. 23 April 2018 4157: 4156: 4152: 4144: 4140: 4129: 4125: 4115: 4113: 4104:Chester, Paul. 4102: 4098: 4093: 4089: 4082: 4066: 4062: 4052: 4050: 4038: 4034: 4028: 4012: 4008: 4002: 3986: 3982: 3973: 3971: 3961: 3957: 3946: 3942: 3931: 3927: 3916: 3912: 3905: 3889: 3885: 3878: 3862: 3858: 3851: 3835: 3831: 3821: 3819: 3817: 3801: 3797: 3786: 3782: 3775: 3759: 3755: 3737: 3733: 3722: 3718: 3707: 3703: 3696: 3680: 3676: 3669: 3653: 3649: 3638: 3631: 3614: 3610: 3603: 3587: 3583: 3576: 3560: 3556: 3546: 3544: 3535: 3534: 3530: 3520: 3518: 3513: 3512: 3505: 3500: 3468:Frequency mixer 3448: 3367: 3354:DigiTech Whammy 3334: 3267: 3265:Boutique pedals 3235:bass amplifiers 3212: 3198: 3190:MIDI controller 3186:ring modulation 3044:acoustic guitar 2985:tube amplifiers 2947: 2845: 2766:one person band 2730:Delay effects: 2699: 2698: 2690: 2688: 2687: 2686: 2685: 2682: 2675: 2672: 2666: 2665: 2664: 2661: 2654: 2651: 2644: 2638: 2618: 2560:Jonny Greenwood 2552:DigiTech Whammy 2518: 2500: 2430:envelope filter 2410:Fender Tremolux 2342:ring modulation 2166:Stereo Chorus. 2145:Come As You Are 2092: 2091: 2083: 2081: 2080: 2079: 2078: 2075: 2068: 2065: 2059: 2058: 2057: 2054: 2047: 2044: 2038: 2037: 2036: 2035:Bell-like sound 2033: 2026: 2023: 2017: 2016: 2015: 2012: 2005: 2002: 1996: 1995: 1994: 1991: 1984: 1981: 1979:Flanging effect 1975: 1974: 1973: 1970: 1963: 1960: 1953: 1947: 1942: 1910:Dunlop Cry Baby 1848:Show Me the Way 1836:Alice in Chains 1757:Audio engineers 1713: 1532: 1501:Vox Tone Bender 1397:tube amplifiers 1334: 1333: 1325: 1323: 1322: 1321: 1320: 1313: 1306: 1303: 1296: 1290: 1285: 1279: 1263: 1256: 1240:George Harrison 1232:Nine Inch Nails 1177:Stephen Malkmus 1116:ring modulators 1074:effects of the 1027:The electronic 1013: 910:tube amplifiers 840:Fender Vibrolux 832: 816:Watkins Copicat 783: 778: 723:bass amplifiers 678: 639: 620:foot controller 564: 507:, an unaltered 486: 485: 479: 478: 473: 464: 455: 446: 437: 389: 349: 263: 239:audio engineers 188:Leslie speakers 127:, which affect 26: 17: 12: 11: 5: 7876: 7866: 7865: 7860: 7855: 7850: 7845: 7840: 7835: 7820: 7819: 7796: 7795: 7781: 7778: 7777: 7775: 7774: 7769: 7763: 7758: 7753: 7748: 7743: 7738: 7732: 7730: 7729:Related topics 7726: 7725: 7723: 7722: 7717: 7712: 7707: 7702: 7697: 7692: 7687: 7685:Lejaren Hiller 7682: 7677: 7672: 7666: 7664: 7660: 7659: 7657: 7656: 7651: 7646: 7644:Sound operator 7641: 7639:Sound follower 7636: 7634:Sound designer 7631: 7626: 7621: 7616: 7611: 7606: 7601: 7596: 7594:Audio engineer 7590: 7588: 7584: 7583: 7581: 7580: 7575: 7570: 7565: 7560: 7555: 7550: 7545: 7539: 7537: 7531: 7530: 7528: 7527: 7522: 7517: 7512: 7507: 7502: 7497: 7492: 7487: 7482: 7477: 7472: 7467: 7461: 7459: 7453: 7452: 7450: 7449: 7444: 7439: 7434: 7429: 7424: 7419: 7414: 7412:Bass amplifier 7409: 7407:Mixing console 7403: 7401: 7395: 7394: 7392: 7391: 7386: 7380: 7378: 7372: 7371: 7369: 7368: 7363: 7358: 7353: 7348: 7343: 7338: 7332: 7330: 7326: 7325: 7323: 7322: 7317: 7312: 7307: 7302: 7297: 7292: 7287: 7282: 7276: 7274: 7268: 7267: 7265: 7264: 7259: 7254: 7249: 7244: 7239: 7234: 7229: 7224: 7218: 7216: 7210: 7209: 7207: 7206: 7201: 7196: 7191: 7186: 7181: 7176: 7171: 7166: 7161: 7156: 7150: 7145: 7143:Mixing console 7140: 7134: 7132: 7126: 7125: 7123: 7122: 7117: 7112: 7106: 7104: 7098: 7097: 7090: 7089: 7082: 7075: 7067: 7058: 7057: 7043: 7040: 7039: 7037: 7036: 7031: 7026: 7021: 7016: 7011: 7006: 7001: 6995: 6993: 6989: 6988: 6986: 6985: 6980: 6979: 6978: 6968: 6963: 6961:Rhythm section 6958: 6953: 6948: 6943: 6938: 6933: 6928: 6923: 6921:Audio engineer 6918: 6912: 6910: 6908: 6907: 6903: 6899: 6896: 6895: 6893: 6892: 6887: 6882: 6877: 6872: 6867: 6865:Overproduction 6862: 6857: 6851: 6849: 6847: 6846: 6842: 6838: 6835: 6834: 6832: 6831: 6826: 6821: 6816: 6811: 6806: 6801: 6796: 6794:Exciter effect 6791: 6786: 6781: 6771: 6766: 6756: 6751: 6746: 6741: 6735: 6733: 6725: 6724: 6722: 6721: 6716: 6711: 6706: 6701: 6696: 6691: 6686: 6685: 6684: 6679: 6669: 6664: 6659: 6654: 6649: 6643: 6641: 6635: 6634: 6627: 6626: 6619: 6612: 6604: 6596: 6595: 6572: 6547: 6540: 6520: 6505: 6490: 6467: 6456:. DIY Stompbox 6445: 6419: 6393: 6367: 6360: 6340: 6318: 6292: 6277: 6262: 6255: 6235: 6214: 6194: 6179: 6139: 6124: 6109: 6094: 6087: 6067: 6042: 6027: 5999: 5971: 5935: 5929:Premier Guitar 5914: 5886: 5858: 5827: 5814:Sound on Sound 5799: 5771: 5756: 5741: 5726: 5700: 5678: 5672: 5649: 5615: 5598: 5592: 5567: 5552: 5546: 5526: 5500: 5485: 5478: 5458: 5451: 5431: 5424: 5403: 5396: 5373: 5355: 5344: 5332: 5321: 5300: 5282: 5275: 5255: 5233: 5206: 5199: 5179: 5164: 5141: 5126: 5108: 5101: 5072: 5057: 5035: 5028: 5008: 5001: 4981: 4966: 4960: 4940: 4933: 4913: 4895: 4888: 4868: 4861: 4835: 4829: 4809: 4787: 4777:on 21 May 2013 4771:Glide Magazine 4757: 4727: 4718:AES Convention 4708: 4693: 4678: 4671: 4651: 4640: 4621: 4600: 4578: 4571: 4551: 4544: 4524: 4517: 4497: 4471: 4443: 4436: 4416: 4409: 4381: 4374: 4354: 4336: 4310: 4299: 4275: 4247: 4240: 4217: 4202: 4176: 4150: 4138: 4123: 4096: 4087: 4080: 4060: 4032: 4026: 4006: 4000: 3980: 3969:Sound on Sound 3955: 3940: 3925: 3910: 3903: 3883: 3876: 3856: 3849: 3829: 3815: 3795: 3780: 3773: 3753: 3740:Egnater, Bruce 3731: 3716: 3701: 3694: 3674: 3667: 3647: 3629: 3608: 3601: 3581: 3574: 3554: 3528: 3502: 3501: 3499: 3496: 3495: 3494: 3489: 3484: 3475: 3470: 3465: 3460: 3455: 3447: 3444: 3436:pedal keyboard 3366: 3363: 3333: 3330: 3298:Death By Audio 3294:Emlyn Crowther 3266: 3263: 3208:Main article: 3197: 3194: 3138:Korg Kaoss Pad 3117:Doppler effect 3026:/vocal effects 3009:Leslie speaker 2946: 2943: 2849:Audio feedback 2844: 2841: 2818:delay circuits 2798:acoustic space 2689: 2683: 2673: 2668: 2667: 2662: 2652: 2647: 2646: 2645: 2636: 2635: 2634: 2617: 2614: 2514:Main article: 2499: 2496: 2459:transistorized 2399:Rolling Stones 2379:transistorized 2313:Ring modulator 2245:BF-3 Flanger. 2204:Doppler effect 2137:variations or 2082: 2076: 2066: 2063:Vibrato effect 2061: 2060: 2055: 2045: 2042:Tremolo effect 2040: 2039: 2034: 2024: 2019: 2018: 2013: 2003: 1998: 1997: 1992: 1982: 1977: 1976: 1971: 1961: 1956: 1955: 1954: 1945: 1944: 1943: 1941: 1938: 1891:spectral glide 1844:Peter Frampton 1840:Man in the box 1778:Peter Frampton 1733:linear filters 1719:content of an 1712: 1709: 1670:: Noise gates 1617:string section 1607:Volume Pedal. 1546:162; Dbx 165; 1531: 1528: 1524:electric piano 1324: 1314: 1304: 1299: 1298: 1297: 1288: 1287: 1286: 1281:Main article: 1278: 1275: 1255: 1252: 1185:Robert Pollard 1161:tube amplifier 1149:'s 1991 album 1120:phase shifters 1080:Hammond organs 1012: 1009: 969:Pete Townshend 934:Joe Hill Louis 922:Willie Johnson 880:Luther Perkins 831: 828: 782: 779: 777: 774: 754:Hammond organs 677: 676:Built-in units 674: 638: 635: 627:front of house 563: 560: 477: 476: 468: 459: 450: 440: 436: 409:potentiometers 388: 385: 348: 345: 279:effects device 262: 259: 247:electric piano 220:audio plug-ins 212:tabletop units 192:spring reverbs 165:pitch shifters 137:wah-wah pedals 109:electric blues 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7875: 7864: 7861: 7859: 7858:Sound effects 7856: 7854: 7851: 7849: 7846: 7844: 7841: 7839: 7836: 7834: 7833:Effects units 7831: 7830: 7828: 7818: 7808: 7807: 7804: 7793: 7792: 7779: 7773: 7772:Vehicle audio 7770: 7767: 7764: 7762: 7759: 7757: 7754: 7752: 7749: 7747: 7744: 7742: 7741:High fidelity 7739: 7737: 7734: 7733: 7731: 7727: 7721: 7718: 7716: 7713: 7711: 7708: 7706: 7703: 7701: 7698: 7696: 7693: 7691: 7688: 7686: 7683: 7681: 7678: 7676: 7673: 7671: 7668: 7667: 7665: 7661: 7655: 7652: 7650: 7647: 7645: 7642: 7640: 7637: 7635: 7632: 7630: 7627: 7625: 7622: 7620: 7617: 7615: 7612: 7610: 7607: 7605: 7602: 7600: 7597: 7595: 7592: 7591: 7589: 7585: 7579: 7576: 7574: 7571: 7569: 7566: 7564: 7561: 7559: 7556: 7554: 7551: 7549: 7546: 7544: 7541: 7540: 7538: 7536: 7532: 7526: 7523: 7521: 7518: 7516: 7513: 7511: 7508: 7506: 7503: 7501: 7498: 7496: 7493: 7491: 7488: 7486: 7483: 7481: 7478: 7476: 7473: 7471: 7468: 7466: 7463: 7462: 7460: 7458: 7454: 7448: 7445: 7443: 7440: 7438: 7435: 7433: 7430: 7428: 7425: 7423: 7420: 7418: 7415: 7413: 7410: 7408: 7405: 7404: 7402: 7400: 7396: 7390: 7387: 7385: 7382: 7381: 7379: 7377: 7376:Digital audio 7373: 7367: 7364: 7362: 7359: 7357: 7354: 7352: 7349: 7347: 7344: 7342: 7339: 7337: 7334: 7333: 7331: 7327: 7321: 7320:Tape recorder 7318: 7316: 7313: 7311: 7308: 7306: 7303: 7301: 7298: 7296: 7293: 7291: 7290:Cassette deck 7288: 7286: 7283: 7281: 7278: 7277: 7275: 7273: 7269: 7263: 7260: 7258: 7255: 7253: 7250: 7248: 7245: 7243: 7240: 7238: 7235: 7233: 7230: 7228: 7227:Magnetic tape 7225: 7223: 7220: 7219: 7217: 7215: 7211: 7205: 7204:Outboard gear 7202: 7200: 7197: 7195: 7192: 7190: 7187: 7185: 7182: 7180: 7177: 7175: 7172: 7170: 7167: 7165: 7162: 7160: 7157: 7154: 7151: 7149: 7146: 7144: 7141: 7139: 7138:Audio channel 7136: 7135: 7133: 7131: 7127: 7121: 7118: 7116: 7113: 7111: 7108: 7107: 7105: 7103: 7099: 7095: 7088: 7083: 7081: 7076: 7074: 7069: 7068: 7065: 7055: 7054: 7041: 7035: 7032: 7030: 7027: 7025: 7022: 7020: 7017: 7015: 7012: 7010: 7007: 7005: 7004:Interpolation 7002: 7000: 6997: 6996: 6994: 6990: 6984: 6981: 6977: 6974: 6973: 6972: 6971:Backup singer 6969: 6967: 6964: 6962: 6959: 6957: 6954: 6952: 6949: 6947: 6944: 6942: 6939: 6937: 6934: 6932: 6929: 6927: 6924: 6922: 6919: 6917: 6914: 6913: 6911: 6904: 6901: 6900: 6897: 6891: 6888: 6886: 6885:Wall of Sound 6883: 6881: 6878: 6876: 6873: 6871: 6868: 6866: 6863: 6861: 6858: 6856: 6853: 6852: 6850: 6843: 6840: 6839: 6836: 6830: 6827: 6825: 6822: 6820: 6817: 6815: 6812: 6810: 6807: 6805: 6804:Octave effect 6802: 6800: 6797: 6795: 6792: 6790: 6787: 6785: 6782: 6779: 6775: 6772: 6770: 6767: 6764: 6760: 6757: 6755: 6752: 6750: 6749:Chorus effect 6747: 6745: 6742: 6740: 6737: 6736: 6734: 6732: 6726: 6720: 6717: 6715: 6712: 6710: 6707: 6705: 6702: 6700: 6697: 6695: 6692: 6690: 6687: 6683: 6682:Wah-wah pedal 6680: 6678: 6675: 6674: 6673: 6670: 6668: 6665: 6663: 6660: 6658: 6655: 6653: 6650: 6648: 6645: 6644: 6642: 6640: 6636: 6632: 6625: 6620: 6618: 6613: 6611: 6606: 6605: 6602: 6584: 6583: 6576: 6562: 6561:Music Players 6558: 6551: 6543: 6541:9781906005023 6537: 6533: 6532: 6524: 6517: 6516: 6509: 6502: 6501: 6494: 6486: 6482: 6481:MAKE Magazine 6478: 6471: 6455: 6449: 6433: 6429: 6423: 6408:. Effects Bay 6407: 6400: 6398: 6381: 6377: 6371: 6363: 6361:9781617747021 6357: 6353: 6352: 6344: 6328: 6322: 6306: 6302: 6296: 6289: 6288: 6281: 6274: 6273: 6266: 6258: 6256:9780761151418 6252: 6248: 6247: 6239: 6231: 6225: 6217: 6215:9780295984988 6211: 6207: 6206: 6198: 6191: 6190: 6183: 6175: 6169: 6153: 6149: 6143: 6136: 6135: 6128: 6121: 6120: 6113: 6106: 6105: 6098: 6090: 6088:9780761151418 6084: 6080: 6079: 6071: 6056: 6052: 6046: 6039: 6038: 6031: 6016: 6015: 6010: 6003: 5988: 5987: 5982: 5975: 5960: 5959: 5954: 5952: 5948: 5939: 5931: 5930: 5925: 5918: 5903: 5902: 5897: 5890: 5882: 5878: 5874: 5873: 5868: 5862: 5847: 5846: 5841: 5834: 5832: 5816: 5815: 5810: 5803: 5788: 5787: 5782: 5775: 5768: 5767: 5760: 5753: 5752: 5745: 5738: 5737: 5730: 5714: 5710: 5704: 5689: 5682: 5675: 5669: 5665: 5664: 5656: 5654: 5635: 5628: 5627: 5619: 5612: 5608: 5602: 5595: 5593:0-88188-290-9 5589: 5585: 5581: 5577: 5571: 5564: 5563: 5556: 5549: 5547:9780634060465 5543: 5539: 5538: 5530: 5514: 5510: 5504: 5497: 5496: 5489: 5481: 5479:9780879308612 5475: 5471: 5470: 5462: 5454: 5448: 5444: 5443: 5435: 5427: 5425:9780879305666 5421: 5417: 5410: 5408: 5399: 5397:9780471490784 5393: 5389: 5388: 5380: 5378: 5371: 5367: 5364: 5359: 5353: 5348: 5341: 5336: 5330: 5325: 5310: 5304: 5297: 5296: 5289: 5287: 5278: 5276:9781441995360 5272: 5268: 5267: 5259: 5244: 5237: 5221: 5217: 5210: 5202: 5200:9780764577079 5196: 5192: 5191: 5183: 5176: 5175: 5168: 5160: 5156: 5152: 5145: 5138: 5137: 5130: 5123: 5122: 5115: 5113: 5104: 5098: 5094: 5089: 5088: 5079: 5077: 5069: 5068: 5061: 5045: 5039: 5031: 5029:0-19-514484-8 5025: 5021: 5020: 5012: 5004: 5002:0-415-97324-4 4998: 4994: 4993: 4985: 4978: 4977: 4970: 4963: 4961:9780634060465 4957: 4953: 4952: 4944: 4936: 4934:9780471490784 4930: 4926: 4925: 4917: 4910: 4909: 4902: 4900: 4891: 4889:9780793591404 4885: 4881: 4880: 4872: 4864: 4862:9781423418078 4858: 4854: 4849: 4848: 4839: 4832: 4830:9780826419033 4826: 4822: 4821: 4813: 4797: 4791: 4776: 4772: 4768: 4761: 4745: 4741: 4737: 4731: 4723: 4719: 4712: 4705: 4704: 4697: 4691: 4687: 4682: 4674: 4672:9780879307820 4668: 4664: 4663: 4655: 4649: 4644: 4631: 4625: 4610: 4604: 4588: 4582: 4574: 4572:0-7935-2509-8 4568: 4564: 4563: 4555: 4547: 4545:9780801878626 4541: 4537: 4536: 4528: 4520: 4518:9781860640902 4514: 4510: 4509: 4501: 4486: 4482: 4475: 4468: 4467:0-8223-1265-4 4464: 4460: 4456: 4455:Present Tense 4452: 4451:Robert Palmer 4447: 4439: 4437:9781854108739 4433: 4429: 4428: 4420: 4412: 4406: 4402: 4398: 4394: 4393: 4385: 4377: 4375:9780826463227 4371: 4367: 4366: 4358: 4351: 4339: 4337:0-394-51322-3 4333: 4329: 4328:Rolling Stone 4324: 4323: 4314: 4307: 4302: 4300:0-8223-1265-4 4296: 4292: 4288: 4287: 4279: 4272: 4271:0-8223-1265-4 4268: 4264: 4260: 4259:Present Tense 4256: 4255:Robert Palmer 4251: 4243: 4241:9781423416661 4237: 4233: 4232: 4224: 4222: 4214: 4213: 4206: 4190: 4186: 4180: 4164: 4160: 4154: 4147: 4142: 4135: 4134: 4127: 4111: 4107: 4100: 4091: 4083: 4081:9780262680820 4077: 4073: 4072: 4064: 4049: 4048: 4043: 4036: 4029: 4027:9780634060465 4023: 4019: 4018: 4010: 4003: 4001:9789076192376 3997: 3993: 3992: 3984: 3970: 3966: 3959: 3952: 3951: 3944: 3937: 3936: 3929: 3922: 3921: 3914: 3906: 3904:0-88284-494-6 3900: 3896: 3895: 3887: 3879: 3877:9780879308728 3873: 3869: 3868: 3860: 3852: 3850:9780879308728 3846: 3842: 3841: 3833: 3818: 3816:9781445766249 3812: 3808: 3807: 3799: 3791: 3784: 3776: 3770: 3766: 3765: 3757: 3749: 3745: 3741: 3735: 3728: 3727: 3720: 3713: 3712: 3705: 3697: 3695:9780240521633 3691: 3687: 3686: 3678: 3670: 3668:9781423419716 3664: 3660: 3659: 3651: 3644: 3643: 3636: 3634: 3626: 3622: 3618: 3612: 3604: 3602:9781931140065 3598: 3594: 3593: 3585: 3577: 3575:9781457415043 3571: 3567: 3566: 3558: 3542: 3538: 3532: 3516: 3510: 3508: 3503: 3493: 3490: 3488: 3485: 3483: 3479: 3478:Outboard gear 3476: 3474: 3471: 3469: 3466: 3464: 3461: 3459: 3456: 3453: 3450: 3449: 3443: 3441: 3437: 3433: 3429: 3424: 3416: 3411: 3407: 3404: 3400: 3396: 3392: 3388: 3384: 3376: 3371: 3362: 3359: 3355: 3351: 3347: 3343: 3339: 3329: 3327: 3326:Z.Vex Effects 3323: 3319: 3315: 3311: 3307: 3303: 3302:Robert Keeley 3299: 3295: 3291: 3287: 3282: 3275: 3271: 3262: 3260: 3256: 3252: 3248: 3244: 3240: 3236: 3232: 3228: 3224: 3220: 3216: 3211: 3202: 3193: 3191: 3187: 3183: 3179: 3178:reverberation 3175: 3171: 3167: 3163: 3160:, filtering, 3159: 3155: 3151: 3147: 3144: 3140: 3139: 3133: 3131: 3126: 3125:Hammond organ 3122: 3121:Donald Leslie 3118: 3114: 3110: 3106: 3105: 3096: 3092: 3090: 3088: 3083: 3081: 3077: 3073: 3069: 3068:fretless bass 3065: 3061: 3057: 3053: 3049: 3045: 3041: 3037: 3035: 3031: 3027: 3025: 3020: 3018: 3015:capacity and 3014: 3010: 3006: 3005:chorus effect 3002: 2998: 2994: 2990: 2986: 2982: 2978: 2974: 2972: 2963: 2959: 2957: 2956: 2951: 2945:Other effects 2942: 2940: 2939:dynamic range 2935: 2930: 2924: 2922: 2918: 2913: 2909: 2902: 2897: 2893: 2891: 2887: 2883: 2878: 2874: 2870: 2866: 2863: 2859: 2855: 2851: 2850: 2840: 2838: 2834: 2829: 2827: 2823: 2819: 2815: 2812: 2808: 2807:Spring reverb 2804: 2799: 2795: 2794: 2785: 2781: 2779: 2775: 2771: 2767: 2763: 2759: 2755: 2751: 2749: 2748:Roland RE-201 2745: 2741: 2738:Carbon Copy, 2737: 2733: 2728: 2726: 2725:Guns N' Roses 2722: 2718: 2714: 2710: 2706: 2704: 2697: 2695: 2671: 2650: 2630: 2625: 2621: 2613: 2611: 2610: 2605: 2604:White Stripes 2601: 2597: 2593: 2592:David Gilmour 2589: 2585: 2581: 2577: 2573: 2569: 2565: 2561: 2557: 2553: 2548: 2546: 2541: 2539: 2535: 2531: 2527: 2523: 2517: 2516:Pitch shifter 2509: 2504: 2495: 2493: 2488: 2486: 2482: 2478: 2477: 2472: 2468: 2464: 2460: 2456: 2451: 2450:opera singers 2447: 2443: 2439: 2438: 2433: 2431: 2427: 2423: 2420:: Combines a 2419: 2418: 2413: 2411: 2406: 2404: 2403:Gimme Shelter 2400: 2396: 2392: 2388: 2384: 2380: 2376: 2372: 2371: 2366: 2365: 2360: 2358: 2353: 2351: 2347: 2346:Black Sabbath 2343: 2339: 2335: 2331: 2327: 2323: 2319: 2315: 2314: 2309: 2307: 2304:Small Stone, 2303: 2299: 2294: 2292: 2288: 2284: 2280: 2276: 2272: 2268: 2264: 2260: 2259: 2250: 2246: 2244: 2240: 2236: 2231: 2229: 2225: 2221: 2217: 2213: 2209: 2205: 2201: 2197: 2196:audio signals 2193: 2189: 2185: 2181: 2177: 2173: 2172: 2167: 2165: 2164:TC Electronic 2162:Small Clone, 2161: 2157: 2152: 2150: 2146: 2142: 2141: 2136: 2132: 2128: 2124: 2120: 2116: 2112: 2111: 2106: 2104: 2100: 2096: 2090: 2088: 2064: 2043: 2022: 2001: 2000:Phaser effect 1980: 1959: 1958:Chorus effect 1937: 1935: 1930: 1927: 1926: 1921: 1919: 1915: 1911: 1908:Wah effects: 1906: 1904: 1900: 1899:potentiometer 1896: 1892: 1888: 1884: 1880: 1879: 1871: 1870:Wah-wah pedal 1866: 1862: 1860: 1856: 1851: 1849: 1845: 1841: 1837: 1833: 1829: 1825: 1821: 1817: 1813: 1812:Stevie Wonder 1809: 1805: 1800: 1796: 1792: 1791: 1783: 1779: 1775: 1771: 1769: 1765: 1760: 1758: 1754: 1750: 1746: 1742: 1739:) or weaken ( 1738: 1734: 1730: 1729: 1724: 1722: 1718: 1708: 1706: 1701: 1699: 1698: 1693: 1689: 1685: 1681: 1680:dynamic range 1677: 1673: 1669: 1668: 1663: 1661: 1657: 1656:MXR Dyna Comp 1653: 1648: 1646: 1642: 1638: 1634: 1633:dynamic range 1630: 1626: 1625: 1620: 1618: 1614: 1610: 1606: 1602: 1598: 1593: 1591: 1587: 1583: 1579: 1575: 1571: 1567: 1563: 1561: 1553: 1549: 1545: 1541: 1536: 1527: 1525: 1521: 1517: 1513: 1508: 1506: 1502: 1498: 1494: 1490: 1486: 1481: 1479: 1475: 1471: 1467: 1463: 1459: 1455: 1451: 1446: 1444: 1440: 1436: 1432: 1428: 1424: 1419: 1417: 1413: 1409: 1405: 1400: 1398: 1394: 1390: 1386: 1382: 1378: 1374: 1370: 1366: 1362: 1358: 1354: 1346: 1342: 1338: 1332: 1330: 1318: 1302: 1284: 1271: 1267: 1261: 1251: 1249: 1245: 1241: 1237: 1233: 1229: 1228: 1224: 1221: 1217: 1213: 1209: 1205: 1201: 1196: 1194: 1190: 1186: 1182: 1178: 1174: 1170: 1166: 1162: 1158: 1154: 1153: 1148: 1144: 1140: 1132: 1127: 1123: 1121: 1117: 1113: 1109: 1105: 1101: 1097: 1093: 1089: 1085: 1081: 1077: 1073: 1069: 1065: 1061: 1057: 1053: 1049: 1048:octave effect 1045: 1044:wah-wah pedal 1040: 1038: 1034: 1030: 1022: 1017: 1008: 1006: 1002: 998: 994: 990: 986: 982: 978: 974: 970: 966: 962: 958: 954: 949: 947: 943: 939: 935: 931: 927: 923: 919: 915: 911: 907: 903: 899: 897: 893: 892:spring reverb 889: 885: 881: 877: 873: 869: 865: 861: 857: 853: 849: 841: 836: 827: 825: 821: 817: 813: 809: 804: 800: 796: 792: 788: 787:echo chambers 773: 771: 767: 763: 759: 755: 750: 748: 744: 740: 736: 731: 728: 724: 719: 715: 711: 707: 703: 699: 691: 687: 682: 673: 671: 667: 663: 658: 655: 647: 643: 634: 631: 628: 623: 621: 617: 612: 607: 605: 601: 597: 593: 585: 580: 573: 568: 559: 557: 553: 549: 545: 544:phase shifter 541: 537: 533: 529: 525: 520: 518: 514: 510: 506: 502: 498: 494: 490: 487:effects chain 472: 469: 463: 460: 454: 451: 445: 442: 441: 434: 433:effects chain 429: 425: 423: 419: 418:chorus effect 414: 410: 406: 397: 393: 384: 382: 381:outboard gear 378: 374: 370: 366: 362: 358: 354: 344: 342: 338: 334: 331: 327: 322: 320: 316: 312: 308: 307:effects pedal 304: 300: 296: 292: 288: 285:or simply an 284: 280: 276: 267: 258: 256: 252: 248: 244: 240: 235: 233: 229: 225: 221: 217: 213: 209: 205: 201: 197: 193: 189: 185: 181: 176: 174: 170: 166: 162: 158: 154: 150: 146: 142: 138: 134: 130: 126: 122: 121:volume pedals 118: 114: 110: 106: 101: 99: 95: 91: 90:effects pedal 87: 83: 75: 71: 67: 63: 59: 55: 54:wah-wah pedal 51: 47: 43: 39: 35: 30: 24: 19: 7782: 7515:Sound module 7475:Drum machine 7417:Effects unit 7416: 7310:Player piano 7237:Compact disc 7159:Effects unit 7158: 7044: 7009:Loudness war 6976:Ghost singer 6951:Orchestrator 6946:Horn section 6829:Reverse echo 6789:Equalization 6759:Delay effect 6709:Punch in/out 6704:Ping-ponging 6672:Effects unit 6671: 6667:Effects loop 6657:Audio mixing 6647:Audio filter 6587:, retrieved 6581: 6575: 6566:18 September 6564:, retrieved 6560: 6550: 6530: 6523: 6514: 6508: 6499: 6493: 6485:the original 6480: 6470: 6460:18 September 6458:. 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