237:. He at the same time maintained his private practice of dentistry in Minneapolis. Angle's original interest was in prosthodontics, and he taught in that department in the dental schools at Pennsylvania and Minnesota in the 1880s. In 1887, he published a 14-page paper in a textbook by Loomis Haskell, which eventually became to known as his "first" edition of the seven editions he published of his famous book. He was then elected as the President of the Minneapolis City Dental Society in 1888 after which he published his second edition of the textbook in 1890. He resigned his position as a faculty at the University of Minnesota and officially limited his practice towards Orthodontics. In 1892, he published his third edition of the textbook called "
354:
38:
394:(1925) - These were identical brackets for all teeth and it allowed tooth movement in all 3 planes of space by adding bends to the rectangular arch-wire, one of its disadvantages. The wire was held in the slot by metal ligature. In this appliance, the slot was changed from vertically to horizontally. Therefore, the bracket was wide mesio-distally and its slot size was .022 x .028 inch. These brackets were initially referred to as "open face" or "tie brackets".
345:
occlusion. As for
Classes II and III malocclusion, it depends whether or not the line of occlusion is accurate. Once a molar position is determined, a line of occlusion forms along its central fossa that smoothly meanders across both upper and lower teeth. This line follows through on all canine and incisor cingulums as well as down along buccal cusps and incisal edges of lower teeth. All this establishes both interarch and occlusal relationships.
371:(1910) - Consisted of Gold and Platinum bands and had attachment to all the teeth. These bands had vertical tubes that were soldered to them and a Pin was passed through it to achieve tooth movement. Root parallelism and rotation was difficult to achieve with this appliance. In addition, the pins had to be repositioned every appointment through the process of re-soldering.
311:, founded in 1930, is the official publication of the Edward H. Angle Society of Orthodontists, society established in 1922, and is published bimonthly in January, March, May, July, September and November by The EH Angle Education and Research Foundation Inc. In 1901, he also founded the Society of Orthodontists which later became American Society of Orthodontists.
314:
Having a full set of teeth on both arches was highly sought after in orthodontic treatment due to the need for exact relationships between them. Extraction as an orthodontic procedure was heavily opposed by Angle and those who followed him. As occlusion became the key priority, facial proportions and
326:
In the 1890s, Edward H. Angles proposed a classification system for malocclusion, which revolutionized the field of orthodontics. He suggested that as long as the top and bottom molars were arranged in a smoothly curving line of occlusion and connected so that the mesiobuccal cusp of the upper molar
297:
In the 1890s, Edward H. Angles proposed a classification system for malocclusion, which revolutionized the field of orthodontics. He suggested that as long as the top and bottom molars were arranged in a smoothly curving line of occlusion and connected so that the mesiobuccal cusp of the upper molar
192:
soon after his graduation. In 1881, he developed chronic respiratory problem which forced him to move to
Minnesota for few months. As soon as his health improved, he came back to Pennsylvania to eventually move to Montana to open a sheep-ranching business with his older brother Mahlon. In 1882, he
167:
in 1899 in St. Louis and schools in other regions of the United States. As the originator of the profession, Angle founded three orthodontic schools between 1905 and 1928 in St. Louis, Missouri, New London, Connecticut and
Pasadena, California. These exclusive institutions provided the opportunity
344:
The Angle classification divides occlusion and malocclusion into four distinct classes: normal occlusion, Class I, II, and III. Although both normal occlusion and Class I have the same molar alignment relationship, there is a distinction in how their teeth are organized in relation to the line of
293:
His increasing interest in dental occlusion and in the treatment necessary to obtain normal occlusion led directly to his development of orthodontics as a specialty, with himself as the "father of modern orthodontics". The development of Angle's classification of malocclusion in the 1890s was an
327:
occluded in the buccal groove of the lower molar, then normal occlusion would result. Concurrently, this comprehensive system provided clarity and simplicity to defining healthy dentition alignment with its categorization of major types of malocclusion.
298:
occluded in the buccal groove of the lower molar, then normal occlusion would result. Concurrently, this comprehensive system provided clarity and simplicity to defining healthy dentition alignment with its categorization of major types of malocclusion.
197:
after the Winter of 1882 killed the sheep at his ranch. He married
Florence A Canning in March 1887 and had a daughter named Florence Elizabeth Angle. In 1904 Angle served as the Chairman of the Orthodontics section at the fourth
252:, between 1886 and 1899 he was a professor of orthodontics at the Marion Sims College of Medicine and from 1897 to 1899 at the Washington University Medical Department. He published the sixth edition of his textbook in 1900.
294:
important step in the development of orthodontics because it not only subdivided major types of malocclusion but also included the first clear and simple definition of normal occlusion in the natural dentition.
245:, was published in 1895. He then relocated to St. Louis, Missouri with his family and his assistant, Anna Hopkins whom he hired her in 1892. He earned his Medical degree from Marion Sims College in 1897.
410:
Angle died on August 11, 1930, in Santa Monica at the age of 75 from heart failure saying, "I have finished my work and I did my best." He was buried in
Mountain View Cemetery in Altadena, California.
315:
esthetics were neglected. To achieve ideal occlusals without using external forces, Angle postulated that having perfect occlusion was the best way to gain optimum facial aesthetics.
260:
In
November 1899, he taught a Postgraduate course on orthodontia in his office in St. Louis where his students urged him to create a school for teaching Orthodontics. He founded the
1372:
840:
305:
in applying aesthetics to his field. The artist and dentist collaborated for many years and
Wuerpel lectured frequently at Angle's request, in St. Louis as well as in Pasadena.
199:
180:. He was fifth of the seven children. During his childhood years he demonstrated early talent of working with tools and machinery including hay rake. He attended high school in
1445:
286:
for their treatment and devised several surgical techniques as well. Angle standardized appliances in a series of books and pamphlets, including a text that he authored,
163:". He was trained as a dentist, but made orthodontics his speciality and dedicated his life to standardizing the teaching and practice of orthodontics. He founded the
805:
205:
He married Anna
Hopkins in St. Louis in 1908 after getting divorced from his earlier wife. Before marrying Dr. Angle, Anna had earned her DDS degree from
365:(1907) - There were two types: Basic & Ribbed. This applianced only allowed tipping movement and provided poor control of individual tooth position.
1377:
1382:
1076:
795:
272:
1900, where he formally established orthodontics as a specialty. With Angle the specialty of orthodontics received a new impetus. He coined the term
800:
1322:
532:
567:
225:. He eventually opened his school in his new Tudor revival home, designed by the same architect of 58 Bellevue Place, in Pasadena in 1917.
1020:
397:
The edgewise bracket has been later modified to Single Width
Bracket, Siamese Bracket, Lewis Bracket, Steiner Bracket, Broussard Bracket.
301:
Angle was concerned with the aesthetics of orthodontics as well as functionality and so he collaborated with the artist and art educator
234:
1056:
1428:
1423:
911:
1517:
1502:
206:
686:
185:
1507:
1413:
1398:
601:
508:
249:
217:, in 1911, in a Tudor Revival custom design house located at 58 Bellevue Place, sold to him by a New London great architect,
337:
Class II: A distal positioning of the lower molar against its upper equivalent, with no reference to line of occlusion given
330:
Angle delineated three distinct forms of malocclusion, as determined by the occlusal relationship of the first molars:
1403:
734:
656:
1157:
749:
729:
1471:
1408:
420:
261:
164:
1418:
1212:
679:
916:
218:
340:
Class III: The lower molar being mesial to its counterpart, again without a noted line of occlusion.
1327:
1010:
992:
184:. Before joining dental school, he worked for a local dentist from 1874 to 1876. He studied at the
564:
1455:
1005:
956:
941:
881:
214:
126:
122:
213:, with Anna in 1908, where he taught a 6-week course through his school. He eventually moved to
1512:
1450:
931:
785:
714:
452:"A biographical portrait of Edward Hartley Angle, the first specialist in orthodontics, part 1"
425:
308:
1282:
672:
503:. Henry W., Jr. Fields, Brent E. Larson, David M. Sarver (Sixth ed.). Philadelphia, PA.
233:
In 1886, he took a position as a faculty to teach comparative anatomy and orthodontia at the
189:
243:
The angle system of regulation and retention of teeth and treatment of fractures of maxillae
1497:
1492:
1332:
976:
966:
926:
861:
825:
820:
353:
222:
181:
377:- This appliance was created after the Pin and Tube appliance. This device consisted of a
334:
Class I: An incorrect line of occlusion due to misaligned teeth, rotations or other issues
8:
1182:
1142:
1132:
1015:
866:
265:
210:
1367:
1307:
1302:
936:
724:
526:
177:
65:
1357:
1292:
1277:
1272:
1247:
1202:
1127:
1112:
1025:
886:
597:
514:
504:
481:
473:
302:
288:
Treatment of
Malocclusion of the Teeth and Fractures of the Maxillae: Angle's System
1347:
1337:
1197:
1177:
1172:
1102:
1097:
1071:
971:
946:
906:
463:
1342:
1317:
1297:
1287:
1137:
1051:
1046:
835:
754:
709:
592:
Fields, Henry W. Jr.; Sarver, David M.; Proffit, William R. (December 22, 2007).
571:
221:, where he continued teaching, but for health reasons he was forced to leave to
1267:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1162:
1147:
921:
856:
518:
1486:
1352:
1257:
1242:
1207:
1192:
1117:
1041:
871:
815:
759:
477:
283:
1122:
37:
1362:
1252:
1187:
1167:
1107:
896:
876:
830:
744:
739:
719:
695:
657:
https://www.jdao-journal.org/articles/odfen/pdf/2008/01/odfen2008111p68.pdf
485:
385:
279:
274:
160:
140:
20:
1312:
1262:
1237:
1152:
810:
430:
194:
168:
for several pioneering American orthodontists to receive their training.
468:
451:
1232:
1000:
951:
901:
891:
961:
790:
775:
269:
645:
388:
eventually used this appliance to create his light wire technique.
1066:
1061:
780:
188:
and became a dentist in 1878. He then started working in town of
176:
He was born to Philip Casebeer Angle and Isabel Erskine Angle in
156:
112:
664:
278:
to refer to anomalies of tooth position and classified various
634:
1446:
American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics
384:
soldered to a band. It allowed rotation to be possible. Dr.
248:
From 1892 to 1898 he was a professor of orthodontics at the
617:
239:
The angle system of regulation and retention of teeth.
591:
321:
565:ADA.org: History of Dentistry in the 19th Century
155:(June 1, 1855 – August 11, 1930) was an American
1484:
680:
159:, widely regarded as "the father of American
687:
673:
531:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
36:
1429:Society for Orthodontic Dental Technology
1424:Italian Academy of Orthodontic Technology
912:List of orthodontic functional appliances
587:
585:
583:
581:
579:
467:
318:Edward Angle has 46 patents to his name.
97:Being the 'father of' modern orthodontics
357:Upper and Lower Jaw Functional Expanders
352:
132:Washington University Medical Department
596:. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 3.
544:
542:
498:
207:University of Iowa College of Dentistry
1485:
576:
186:Pennsylvania College of Dental Surgery
89:Pennsylvania College of Dental Surgery
1414:Canadian Association of Orthodontists
1399:American Association of Orthodontists
668:
250:Northwestern University Dental School
539:
449:
635:Invisalign Clear Aligners Treatment
280:abnormalities of the teeth and jaws
13:
14:
1529:
558:
694:
322:Classification of Malocclusions
255:
228:
130:Marion Sims College of Medicine
1518:19th-century American dentists
1503:20th-century American dentists
1404:American Board of Orthodontics
650:
639:
628:
610:
492:
443:
1:
1158:Harold Chapman (Orthodontist)
841:Temperomandibular dysfunction
436:
348:
200:International Dental Congress
1508:American dentistry academics
750:Standard anatomical position
730:Failure of eruption of teeth
499:Proffit, William R. (2019).
462:(6). United States: 1021–7.
375:Ribbon Arch Appliance (1915)
363:E (expansion) Arch Appliance
16:American dentist (1855–1930)
7:
1472:Angle School of Orthodontia
1409:British Orthodontic Society
735:Little's Irregularity Index
550:Famous Figures in Dentistry
421:Angle school of orthodontia
414:
262:Angle School of Orthodontia
165:Angle School of Orthodontia
10:
1534:
1419:Indian Orthodontic Society
1213:John Hooper (Orthodontist)
450:Peck, Sheldon (Nov 2009).
18:
1464:
1438:
1391:
1085:
1034:
985:
917:List of palatal expanders
849:
768:
702:
594:Contemporary Orthodontics
501:Contemporary orthodontics
219:Dudley St. Clair Donnelly
146:
136:
118:
108:
101:
93:
85:
73:
47:
35:
28:
1328:Frederick Lester Stanton
1011:Intrusion (orthodontics)
993:Anchorage (orthodontics)
405:
369:Pin & Tube Appliance
19:Not to be confused with
1456:Journal of Orthodontics
1006:Interproximal reduction
942:Palatal lift prosthesis
235:University of Minnesota
215:New London, Connecticut
171:
127:Northwestern University
123:University of Minnesota
1451:The Angle Orthodontist
932:Orthodontic technology
806:Bimaxillary Protrusion
715:Cephalometric analysis
426:The Angle Orthodontist
358:
309:The Angle Orthodontist
1283:Frederick Bogue Noyes
356:
209:in 1902. He moved to
190:Towanda, Pennsylvania
1333:Earl Emanuel Shepard
1086:Notable contributors
997:Cantilever mechanics
977:Twin Block Appliance
967:Self-ligating braces
826:Condylar hyperplasia
821:Maxillary hypoplasia
241:The fourth edition,
223:Pasadena, California
182:Canton, Pennsylvania
153:Edward Hartley Angle
52:Edward Hartley Angle
1183:John Nutting Farrar
1143:Charles J. Burstone
1133:Holly Broadbent Sr.
1016:Molar distalization
867:Activator appliance
469:10.2319/021009-93.1
211:Larchmont, New York
1368:Robert M. Ricketts
1308:Alfred Paul Rogers
1303:Robert M. Ricketts
937:Orthodontic spacer
725:Dentition analysis
570:2007-04-05 at the
548:Gruenbaum, Tamar.
392:Edgewise Appliance
359:
178:Herricks, New York
66:Herricks, New York
1480:
1479:
1358:Edmund H. Wuerpel
1293:Herbert A. Pullen
1278:Dean Harold Noyes
1273:George Northcroft
1248:James A. McNamara
1203:Charles A. Hawley
1128:Charles B. Bolton
1113:Hans Peter Bimler
1026:Serial extraction
887:Frankel appliance
603:978-0-323-04613-8
510:978-0-323-54387-3
303:Edmund H. Wuerpel
150:
149:
1525:
1348:Charles H. Tweed
1338:Cecil C. Steiner
1198:Thomas M. Graber
1178:William B. Downs
1173:Terry Dischinger
1103:Clifford Ballard
1098:Spencer Atkinson
972:Splint activator
947:Palatal expander
907:Herbst Appliance
689:
682:
675:
666:
665:
659:
654:
648:
643:
637:
632:
626:
625:
614:
608:
607:
589:
574:
562:
556:
546:
537:
536:
530:
522:
496:
490:
489:
471:
447:
80:
62:
60:
40:
26:
25:
1533:
1532:
1528:
1527:
1526:
1524:
1523:
1522:
1483:
1482:
1481:
1476:
1460:
1434:
1387:
1383:C. Philip Adams
1343:David L. Turpin
1318:Everett Shapiro
1298:Earl W. Renfroe
1288:Albin Oppenheim
1138:Allan G. Brodie
1081:
1077:Dental elastics
1052:Stainless steel
1047:Nickel titanium
1030:
981:
845:
836:Mouth breathing
796:Dental crowding
764:
755:Tooth ankylosis
710:Bolton analysis
698:
693:
663:
662:
655:
651:
644:
640:
633:
629:
616:
615:
611:
604:
590:
577:
572:Wayback Machine
563:
559:
547:
540:
524:
523:
511:
497:
493:
448:
444:
439:
417:
408:
351:
324:
258:
231:
174:
137:Sub-specialties
131:
129:
125:
78:
77:August 11, 1930
69:
63:
58:
56:
54:
53:
43:
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1531:
1521:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1478:
1477:
1475:
1474:
1468:
1466:
1462:
1461:
1459:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1442:
1440:
1436:
1435:
1433:
1432:
1426:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1395:
1393:
1389:
1388:
1386:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1370:
1365:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1345:
1340:
1335:
1330:
1325:
1320:
1315:
1310:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1290:
1285:
1280:
1275:
1270:
1268:Ravindra Nanda
1265:
1260:
1255:
1250:
1245:
1240:
1235:
1230:
1228:Albert Ketcham
1225:
1223:Harold Kesling
1220:
1218:Joseph Jarabak
1215:
1210:
1205:
1200:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1180:
1175:
1170:
1165:
1163:David Di Biase
1160:
1155:
1150:
1148:Peter Buschang
1145:
1140:
1135:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1100:
1095:
1089:
1087:
1083:
1082:
1080:
1079:
1074:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1054:
1049:
1044:
1038:
1036:
1032:
1031:
1029:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1013:
1008:
1003:
998:
995:
989:
987:
983:
982:
980:
979:
974:
969:
964:
959:
954:
949:
944:
939:
934:
929:
924:
922:Lingual braces
919:
914:
909:
904:
899:
894:
889:
884:
879:
874:
869:
864:
859:
857:ACCO appliance
853:
851:
847:
846:
844:
843:
838:
833:
828:
823:
818:
813:
808:
803:
801:Dental spacing
798:
793:
788:
783:
778:
772:
770:
766:
765:
763:
762:
757:
752:
747:
742:
737:
732:
727:
722:
717:
712:
706:
704:
700:
699:
692:
691:
684:
677:
669:
661:
660:
649:
646:SportingSmiles
638:
627:
609:
602:
575:
557:
538:
509:
491:
441:
440:
438:
435:
434:
433:
428:
423:
416:
413:
407:
404:
401:
400:
399:
398:
389:
372:
366:
350:
347:
342:
341:
338:
335:
323:
320:
257:
254:
230:
227:
202:in St. Louis.
173:
170:
148:
147:
144:
143:
138:
134:
133:
120:
116:
115:
110:
106:
105:
103:Medical career
99:
98:
95:
94:Known for
91:
90:
87:
83:
82:
81:(aged 75)
75:
71:
70:
64:
51:
49:
45:
44:
41:
33:
32:
29:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1530:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1513:Orthodontists
1511:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1490:
1488:
1473:
1470:
1469:
1467:
1463:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1444:
1443:
1441:
1437:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1396:
1394:
1392:Organizations
1390:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1378:Häns Pancherz
1376:
1374:
1373:Kevin O'Brien
1371:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1353:Katherine Vig
1351:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1323:L. F. Andrews
1321:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1289:
1286:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1264:
1261:
1259:
1258:Robert Moyers
1256:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1244:
1243:Benno Lischer
1241:
1239:
1236:
1234:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1208:Reed Holdaway
1206:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1193:Sheldon Friel
1191:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1118:Samir Bishara
1116:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1094:
1091:
1090:
1088:
1084:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1070:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1042:Beta-titanium
1040:
1039:
1037:
1033:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1002:
999:
996:
994:
991:
990:
988:
984:
978:
975:
973:
970:
968:
965:
963:
960:
958:
955:
953:
950:
948:
945:
943:
940:
938:
935:
933:
930:
928:
925:
923:
920:
918:
915:
913:
910:
908:
905:
903:
900:
898:
895:
893:
890:
888:
885:
883:
880:
878:
875:
873:
870:
868:
865:
863:
860:
858:
855:
854:
852:
848:
842:
839:
837:
834:
832:
829:
827:
824:
822:
819:
817:
816:Retrognathism
814:
812:
809:
807:
804:
802:
799:
797:
794:
792:
789:
787:
784:
782:
779:
777:
774:
773:
771:
767:
761:
760:Tongue thrust
758:
756:
753:
751:
748:
746:
743:
741:
738:
736:
733:
731:
728:
726:
723:
721:
718:
716:
713:
711:
708:
707:
705:
701:
697:
690:
685:
683:
678:
676:
671:
670:
667:
658:
653:
647:
642:
636:
631:
623:
619:
613:
605:
599:
595:
588:
586:
584:
582:
580:
573:
569:
566:
561:
555:2010;30(1):18
554:
553:Mouth - JASDA
551:
545:
543:
534:
528:
520:
516:
512:
506:
502:
495:
487:
483:
479:
475:
470:
465:
461:
457:
453:
446:
442:
432:
429:
427:
424:
422:
419:
418:
412:
403:
396:
395:
393:
390:
387:
383:
380:
376:
373:
370:
367:
364:
361:
360:
355:
346:
339:
336:
333:
332:
331:
328:
319:
316:
312:
310:
306:
304:
299:
295:
291:
289:
285:
281:
277:
276:
271:
267:
263:
253:
251:
246:
244:
240:
236:
226:
224:
220:
216:
212:
208:
203:
201:
196:
191:
187:
183:
179:
169:
166:
162:
158:
154:
145:
142:
139:
135:
128:
124:
121:
117:
114:
111:
107:
104:
100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
76:
72:
67:
50:
46:
42:Angle in 1898
39:
34:
27:
22:
1363:Won-Sik Yang
1253:Birte Melsen
1188:Rolf Frankel
1168:Jean Delaire
1108:Raymond Begg
1093:Edward Angle
1092:
897:Lingual arch
877:Damon system
831:Overeruption
745:Scissor bite
740:Malocclusion
720:Cephalometry
696:Orthodontics
652:
641:
630:
621:
612:
593:
560:
552:
549:
500:
494:
459:
456:Angle Orthod
455:
445:
409:
402:
391:
386:Raymond Begg
381:
378:
374:
368:
362:
343:
329:
325:
317:
313:
307:
300:
296:
292:
287:
275:malocclusion
273:
259:
256:Orthodontics
247:
242:
238:
232:
229:Early career
204:
175:
161:orthodontics
152:
151:
141:orthodontics
119:Institutions
102:
79:(1930-08-11)
55:June 1, 1855
30:Edward Angle
21:Edward Angel
1498:1930 deaths
1493:1855 births
1465:Institution
1313:Ronald Roth
1263:Hayes Nance
1238:Craven Kurz
1153:Calvin Case
811:Prognathism
431:Calvin Case
282:, invented
195:Minneapolis
1487:Categories
1233:Juri Kurol
1123:Arne Björk
1001:Fiberotomy
986:Procedures
952:Quad helix
902:Lip bumper
892:Invisalign
850:Appliances
769:Conditions
519:1089435881
437:References
349:Appliances
284:appliances
109:Profession
1431:(Germany)
1072:Composite
1035:Materials
962:SureSmile
791:Crossbite
786:Open bite
703:Diagnosis
622:angle.org
527:cite book
478:0003-3219
266:St. Louis
193:moved to
86:Education
1439:Journals
1057:TiMolium
957:Retainer
927:Headgear
882:Elastics
862:Archwire
776:Overbite
568:Archived
486:19852589
415:See also
379:Vertical
270:Missouri
1067:Ceramic
1062:Elgiloy
781:Overjet
382:bracket
157:dentist
113:Dentist
59:1855-06
57: (
872:Braces
618:"Home"
600:
517:
507:
484:
476:
68:, U.S.
1021:SARPE
406:Death
598:ISBN
533:link
515:OCLC
505:ISBN
482:PMID
474:ISSN
172:Life
74:Died
48:Born
464:doi
264:in
1489::
620:.
578:^
541:^
529:}}
525:{{
513:.
480:.
472:.
460:79
458:.
454:.
290:.
268:,
688:e
681:t
674:v
624:.
606:.
535:)
521:.
488:.
466::
61:)
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
