Knowledge

Edith Woodford-Grimes

Source 📝

739: 394:. Relatives from Malton orally explained that her grandfather, William Wray, was a Primiive Methodist preacher. Edith and her siblings received early education in a school run by the Primitive Methodist Church of Malton. Each year scholarships were provided for chosen students. Edith had a teacher who felt she had tremendous potential and pursued opportunities for further education. Edith won ascholarship through the Primitive Methodist church of Malton. 329:
end of her life, Woodford-Grimes' identity would not be publicly known until several decades after her death. Nonetheless, her involvement in the New Forest coven under her pseudonym of Dafo was known, and was occasionally featured in published sources: one of the earliest of these was in June Johns' 1969 biography of
176:, on 18 December 1887. Her father, William Henry Wray, was an implement maker at the local waterworks, whilst her mother was Caroline Wray, née Harrison. Whilst much is still not known about her early life, she became a teacher, specialising in English, Drama and Music, in later years becoming an associate of the 308:
By 1954, Dafo had started living with a strictly Christian niece, who disapproved of occultism and witchcraft. Dafo therefore kept her past involvement with witchcraft secret from her family. In 1958, three separate groups of witches approached her, asking for her to verify Gardner's claims. Dafo did
328:
Woodford-Grimes has left an enduring legacy in the Wiccan and greater Neopagan community who recognise her as one of the earliest known adherents of her faith. Because she never became publicly known in her lifetime, and the fact that she intentionally denied her involvement in the Craft towards the
204:
in southern England. Then, on 30 June 1921, Edith and Samuel's first and only child, Rosanne, was born, but within a few years Edith returned to work, as by 1924 she had gained employment once more as a tutor in English and Dramatic Literature at various student groups, something she would continue
195:
in 1880, who at the time was working as a clerk in the War Pensions Office in Southampton. Subsequently, she took his surname of Grimes, and decided to turn it into a double-barrelled surname by adding one of his middle names, Woodford, to it. As researcher Philip Heselton later remarked, "This may
340:
After her identity was revealed, she became well known in Wiccan circles, for instance the Neopagan bard Francis Cameron delivered a prose interpretation of her life and involvement with the Craft, written as if from her own point of view, entitled "Dafo's Tale", at The Charge of the Goddess
264:
had described in several books published in the 1920s and 1930s. Nonetheless, subsequent investigation and research by historians has disputed that the Witch-Cult had ever existed, and as such it appears that the New Forest coven were in fact a group who had been founded in the early 1930s.
196:
have been pure snobbery, or she may have felt that it sounded more elegant and exclusive – more befitting a teacher of elocution." Soon after the marriage, the couple moved to a newly constructed house, 67 Osborne Road, which was found in the
297:, a prospective witch, to meet him and Dafo at her house. They met here on several occasions, and on Midsummer 1953 Gardner initiated Valiente into the craft at Dafo's home. The three of them then set off to 224:
in Dennistoun Avenue, Somerford, and began working as a private teacher of elocution and dramatic art. It was at her new home in Christchurch that she became involved in a local esoteric group, the
1726: 228:. Becoming increasingly interested in their philosophies and practices, she decided to name her bungalow "Theano", which had been the name of the wife of the ancient Greek philosopher 33: 232:. Woodford-Grimes herself had performed the role of Theano in a play about Pythagoras that the Crotona Fellowship had put on, and which had been written by the group's leader, 1719: 268:
Following this marriage, Rosanne and her new husband moved into Woodford-Grimes' bungalow, Theano, whilst she herself relocated once more to Avenue Cottage in
147:
but a nickname given to her by Gardner, possibly being based upon his experiences in eastern Asia, where it had been used to refer to certain statues of the
283:
he knew to do so. It is now widely assumed that this was a reference to 'Dafo', who appears to have been a great deal more publicity-shy than Gardner was.
1712: 320:, said that he had not researched into Dafo's past, because she would not have wanted such a thing, as most of her family were strict Christians. 688: 2663: 132:, Woodford-Grimes' involvement in the Craft had largely been kept a secret until it was revealed in the late 1990s, and her role in the 279:
Gardner, discussing the publication of his two books on witchcraft, mentions that he felt obliged to have the permission of the
216:
being hard to acquire at the time), they separated. Woodford-Grimes decided to move away from Southampton, and so relocated to
309:
not respond to two of these, and denied having any involvement other than a theoretical interest in the craft to the third.
1525: 721: 245: 225: 1971: 1797: 2185: 2022: 1961: 1609: 1851: 681: 634: 608: 586: 290:, and was joined by Dafo. However, she left the coven in 1952, fearing Gardner's growing publicity would expose her. 1976: 1927: 1686: 2613: 2315: 1681: 1219: 1362: 2250: 2042: 1846: 1584: 2413: 2305: 2072: 1086: 1071: 674: 601:
Gerald Gardner and the Cauldron of Inspiration: An Investigation into the Sources of Gardnerian Witchcraft
2668: 2658: 2638: 2592: 1761: 782: 120:
which met during the late 1930s and early 1940s, and through this became a friend and working partner of
2240: 2320: 2270: 2190: 2012: 1866: 975: 813: 116:
who achieved recognition as one of the faith's earliest known adherents. She had been a member of the
1532: 754: 557:
The Charge of the Goddess Conference – 2010. Celebrating the Life and Work of Gerald Brosseau Gardner
233: 2643: 2509: 1131: 1055: 1035: 868: 853: 521: 2484: 2150: 2122: 1771: 1614: 1093: 985: 823: 217: 181: 177: 169: 49: 212:
Eventually, the relationship between the couple broke down, and although they remained married (
187:
On 16 June 1920, she married Samuel William Woodford Grimes, an Englishman who had been born in
1398: 970: 139:
The reason for Woodford-Grimes' adoption of the pseudonym Dafo is unknown, with the researcher
1922: 1856: 2519: 2210: 1604: 1560: 1301: 1181: 1126: 1000: 925: 900: 330: 257: 2653: 2648: 2092: 1861: 1766: 1735: 1692: 1146: 777: 8: 2555: 2456: 2427: 2220: 1671: 1625: 1619: 1599: 818: 697: 1478: 1382: 2408: 2285: 2112: 2062: 2052: 2002: 1942: 1932: 1892: 1589: 1567: 1191: 960: 716: 287: 1631: 2446: 1807: 1508: 1322: 762: 727: 630: 623: 604: 582: 2529: 2451: 2350: 2340: 2255: 2200: 2165: 1897: 1887: 1821: 1776: 1594: 1553: 1539: 1186: 1045: 990: 980: 950: 945: 787: 711: 249: 133: 125: 117: 2551: 1704: 2524: 2479: 2370: 2265: 2180: 2170: 2155: 2102: 1992: 1871: 1676: 1654: 1649: 1546: 1433: 1289: 1254: 1116: 1040: 1030: 965: 955: 895: 772: 653: 596: 574: 294: 261: 140: 2504: 2494: 2360: 2335: 2300: 2290: 2280: 2205: 2032: 1841: 1295: 1166: 1098: 1015: 1010: 995: 905: 890: 848: 843: 838: 803: 256:
to exist. Its members considered themselves the continuation of the historical
121: 110: 2632: 2390: 2385: 2365: 2355: 2330: 2325: 2245: 2215: 2160: 2082: 1907: 1802: 1661: 1458: 1403: 1249: 1239: 1171: 618: 528: 479: 313: 248:
that Woodford-Grimes likely met members of another local esoteric group, the
209:
and dramatic art at evening classes for the Southampton Education Authority.
2563: 2499: 2474: 2275: 2230: 2175: 1912: 1836: 1636: 1306: 1244: 1025: 1005: 930: 920: 828: 808: 767: 2597: 2380: 2310: 2260: 2145: 1947: 1264: 1229: 1156: 1121: 1020: 940: 833: 738: 342: 302: 201: 32: 2514: 2295: 1937: 1739: 1666: 1453: 1418: 1357: 1284: 1279: 1274: 1224: 1161: 1151: 1141: 1076: 935: 910: 863: 298: 273: 229: 144: 666: 2375: 2345: 2235: 2225: 1917: 1468: 1352: 1269: 1234: 1081: 858: 206: 197: 188: 173: 53: 1342: 1902: 1781: 1493: 1488: 1473: 1443: 1327: 1196: 1050: 269: 221: 2195: 1483: 1463: 1367: 1347: 1332: 1259: 1201: 280: 213: 57: 1448: 1438: 1428: 1413: 1408: 1337: 148: 579:
Wiccan Roots: Gerald Gardner and the Modern Witchcraft Revival
2442: 1644: 1498: 1423: 1377: 1176: 1136: 625:
The Triumph of the Moon: A History of Modern Pagan Witchcraft
337:, in which she incorrectly spelled the pseudonym as "Daffo". 318:
The Triumph of the Moon: A History of Modern Pagan Witchcraft
253: 192: 113: 484:
The Triumph of the Moon: A History of Modern Pagan Withcraft
1503: 1372: 438: 436: 205:
until 1934, and from 1924 she had also begun teaching
559:
event brochure. The Centre for Pagan Events. Page 18.
433: 1734: 622: 128:with her help. Widely known under the nickname of 2630: 252:, which was one of the earliest recorded Wiccan 239: 646:King of the Witches: The World of Alex Sanders 286:In the late 1940s, Gerald Gardner founded the 260:, an ancient religion that the anthropologist 1720: 682: 136:was subsequently investigated by historians. 1727: 1713: 689: 675: 276:, where Gardner and his wife Donna lived. 220:by 1938. Here she purchased a newly built 31: 2614:Museum of Witchcraft and Magic, Cornwall 159: 696: 2631: 520: 514: 478: 472: 2241:Gormshuil Mhòr na Maighe (aka Gormla) 1708: 670: 629:. New York: Oxford University Press. 581:. Chieveley, Berkshire: Capall Bann. 555:The Centre for Pagan Studies (2010). 1526:Aradia, or the Gospel of the Witches 603:. Milverton, Somerset: Capall Bann. 246:Rosicrucian Order Crotona Fellowship 226:Rosicrucian Order Crotona Fellowship 2664:People from Malton, North Yorkshire 1798:Dummy, the Witch of Sible Hedingham 13: 1610:Left-hand path and right-hand path 76:Elocution teacher; Wiccan initiate 14: 2680: 1852:Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn 100:William Henry Wray; Caroline Wray 1928:Samuel Liddell MacGregor Mathers 1265:Spellwork / Incantation 737: 1687:Witchcraft Research Association 549: 537: 502: 490: 293:In winter 1952 Gardner invited 124:, who would go on to found the 1682:Museum of Witchcraft and Magic 1094:Holly King / Oak King 460: 448: 421: 409: 397: 388: 376: 364: 143:believing that it was not her 84:Samuel William Woodford Grimes 1: 2043:Northamptonshire witch trials 1847:Hermetic Brotherhood of Luxor 527:Personal correspondence with 348: 240:Involvement with Wicca: 1939– 2552:Last person imprisoned under 2073:Bury St Edmunds witch trials 1585:List of Wiccan organisations 164:Woodford-Grimes was born as 154: 7: 1762:Anglo-Saxon metrical charms 783:Chthonioi Alexandrian Wicca 10: 2685: 2321:George and Lachlan Rattray 2191:Janet Douglas, Lady Glamis 2013:North Berwick witch trials 1867:Society of the Inner Light 814:Church and School of Wicca 735: 652: 643: 617: 595: 573: 543: 508: 496: 486:. Oxford University Press. 466: 454: 442: 427: 415: 403: 382: 370: 272:, the village adjacent to 107:Edith Rose Woodford-Grimes 25:Edith Rose Woodford-Grimes 16:English Wiccan (1887–1975) 2606: 2585: 2576: 2542: 2465: 2435: 2426: 2399: 2136: 1985: 1960: 1880: 1829: 1820: 1790: 1754: 1747: 1577: 1533:The Meaning of Witchcraft 1517: 1391: 1315: 1210: 1107: 1064: 881: 796: 753: 746: 704: 658:The Rebirth of Witchcraft 341:conference 2010, held at 323: 301:, where they watched the 234:George Alexander Sullivan 96: 88: 80: 72: 64: 42: 30: 23: 2593:Witches' Well, Edinburgh 1132:Wiccan views of divinity 869:Universal Eclectic Wicca 37:Woodford-Grimes in 1917. 2123:Islandmagee witch trial 1772:Cunning folk in Britain 1615:Cunning folk in Britain 218:Christchurch, Hampshire 182:London Academy of Music 178:London College of Music 92:Rosanne Woodford-Grimes 2077:1645, 1662, 1655, 1694 1399:Magical tools in Wicca 971:Ipsita Roy Chakraverti 660:. London: Robert Hale. 2023:Aberdeen witch trials 1605:Witch-cult hypothesis 1561:Charge of the Goddess 1302:Solitary practitioner 1220:Drawing down the Moon 1001:Cerridwen Fallingstar 722:Wicca and LGBT people 305:performing a ritual. 160:Early life: 1887–1938 2093:Bideford witch trial 1862:Ordo Templi Orientis 1767:Anglo-Saxon paganism 778:Central Valley Wicca 644:Johns, June (1969). 126:Gardnerian tradition 2556:Witchcraft Act 1735 2428:Neopagan witchcraft 2221:Issobell Fergussone 1626:Malleus Maleficarum 1620:European witchcraft 1600:Neopagan witchcraft 755:British Traditional 698:Neopagan witchcraft 335:King of the Witches 316:, in his 1999 book 244:It was through the 109:(1887–1975) was an 2669:Wiccan priestesses 2659:Gardnerian Wiccans 2639:British occultists 2409:Christian Caldwell 2286:Euphame MacCalzean 2186:Katherine Campbell 2113:Pittenweem witches 2063:Witches of Belvoir 2053:Samlesbury witches 2003:Witches of Warboys 1943:Austin Osman Spare 1933:Madeline Montalban 1641:Magical alphabets 1590:Bricket Wood coven 1568:Enchanted Feminism 961:Zsuzsanna Budapest 717:Etymology of Wicca 288:Bricket Wood coven 2626: 2625: 2622: 2621: 2572: 2571: 2538: 2537: 2447:Alexandrian Wicca 2422: 2421: 2400:Witch hunters and 2381:Major Thomas Weir 1956: 1955: 1816: 1815: 1808:George Pickingill 1702: 1701: 1323:Wheel of the Year 976:Patricia Crowther 877: 876: 763:Alexandrian Wicca 728:Dettmer v. Landon 104: 103: 2676: 2583: 2582: 2549: 2548: 2530:Cecil Williamson 2457:Cochrane's Craft 2452:Gardnerian Wicca 2433: 2432: 2351:Annaple Thomsone 2341:Bessie Stevenson 2256:Gwen ferch Ellis 2201:Margaret Duchill 2166:Margaret Barclay 1983: 1982: 1898:Aleister Crowley 1888:Peter J. Carroll 1827: 1826: 1822:Ceremonial magic 1752: 1751: 1729: 1722: 1715: 1706: 1705: 1672:Witches' Sabbath 1595:New Forest coven 1554:Witchcraft Today 1540:The Spiral Dance 1087:Spirit of nature 1046:Silver RavenWolf 991:Scott Cunningham 981:Vivianne Crowley 951:Raymond Buckland 819:Cochrane's Craft 788:Gardnerian Wicca 751: 750: 741: 712:History of Wicca 691: 684: 677: 668: 667: 661: 654:Valiente, Doreen 649: 640: 628: 614: 597:Heselton, Philip 592: 575:Heselton, Philip 560: 553: 547: 541: 535: 534: 524:(19 July 1996). 522:Lamond, Frederic 518: 512: 506: 500: 494: 488: 487: 476: 470: 464: 458: 452: 446: 440: 431: 425: 419: 413: 407: 401: 395: 392: 386: 380: 374: 368: 250:New Forest coven 134:history of Wicca 118:New Forest coven 46:18 December 1887 35: 21: 20: 2684: 2683: 2679: 2678: 2677: 2675: 2674: 2673: 2644:English Wiccans 2629: 2628: 2627: 2618: 2602: 2578: 2568: 2553: 2544: 2534: 2525:Doreen Valiente 2510:Frederic Lamond 2485:Robert Cochrane 2480:Charles Cardell 2467: 2461: 2418: 2401: 2395: 2371:Beatrix Watsone 2266:Grissel Jaffray 2181:Margaret Burges 2171:Magdalene Blair 2156:Allison Balfour 2151:Margaret Aitken 2138: 2132: 2103:Paisley witches 1993:Windsor Witches 1981: 1963: 1952: 1893:Andrew Chumbley 1876: 1872:Typhonian Order 1812: 1786: 1743: 1733: 1703: 1698: 1677:Flying ointment 1573: 1547:What Witches Do 1513: 1434:Book of Shadows 1387: 1311: 1290:Rite of passage 1255:Herbal medicine 1212: 1206: 1117:Wiccan morality 1109: 1103: 1060: 1041:Rosaleen Norton 1036:Frederic Lamond 1031:Philip Heselton 986:Robert Cochrane 966:Charles Cardell 956:Eddie Buczynski 926:Victor Anderson 896:Doreen Valiente 883: 873: 792: 773:Blue Star Wicca 742: 733: 700: 695: 665: 664: 648:. Peter Davies. 637: 611: 589: 563: 554: 550: 542: 538: 519: 515: 507: 503: 495: 491: 477: 473: 465: 461: 453: 449: 441: 434: 426: 422: 414: 410: 402: 398: 393: 389: 381: 377: 369: 365: 351: 326: 295:Doreen Valiente 262:Margaret Murray 242: 166:Edith Rose Wray 162: 157: 141:Philip Heselton 60: 47: 38: 26: 17: 12: 11: 5: 2682: 2672: 2671: 2666: 2661: 2656: 2651: 2646: 2641: 2624: 2623: 2620: 2619: 2617: 2616: 2610: 2608: 2604: 2603: 2601: 2600: 2595: 2589: 2587: 2580: 2574: 2573: 2570: 2569: 2567: 2566: 2560: 2558: 2546: 2540: 2539: 2536: 2535: 2533: 2532: 2527: 2522: 2517: 2512: 2507: 2505:Gerald Gardner 2502: 2497: 2495:Stewart Farrar 2492: 2487: 2482: 2477: 2471: 2469: 2463: 2462: 2460: 2459: 2454: 2449: 2439: 2437: 2430: 2424: 2423: 2420: 2419: 2417: 2416: 2411: 2405: 2403: 2402:Witch-prickers 2397: 2396: 2394: 2393: 2388: 2383: 2378: 2373: 2368: 2363: 2361:Issobell Young 2358: 2353: 2348: 2343: 2338: 2336:Isobell Shyrie 2333: 2328: 2323: 2318: 2316:Alison Pearson 2313: 2308: 2303: 2301:Barbara Napier 2298: 2293: 2291:Elspeth McEwen 2288: 2283: 2281:Beatrix Leslie 2278: 2273: 2268: 2263: 2258: 2253: 2248: 2243: 2238: 2233: 2228: 2223: 2218: 2213: 2208: 2206:Geillis Duncan 2203: 2198: 2193: 2188: 2183: 2178: 2173: 2168: 2163: 2158: 2153: 2148: 2142: 2140: 2134: 2133: 2131: 2130: 2129: 2128: 2120: 2119: 2118: 2110: 2109: 2108: 2100: 2099: 2098: 2090: 2089: 2088: 2080: 2079: 2078: 2070: 2069: 2068: 2060: 2059: 2058: 2050: 2049: 2048: 2040: 2039: 2038: 2033:Pendle witches 2030: 2029: 2028: 2020: 2019: 2018: 2010: 2009: 2008: 2000: 1999: 1998: 1989: 1987: 1980: 1979: 1974: 1968: 1966: 1958: 1957: 1954: 1953: 1951: 1950: 1945: 1940: 1935: 1930: 1925: 1920: 1915: 1910: 1905: 1900: 1895: 1890: 1884: 1882: 1878: 1877: 1875: 1874: 1869: 1864: 1859: 1854: 1849: 1844: 1842:Alpha et Omega 1839: 1833: 1831: 1824: 1818: 1817: 1814: 1813: 1811: 1810: 1805: 1800: 1794: 1792: 1788: 1787: 1785: 1784: 1779: 1774: 1769: 1764: 1758: 1756: 1749: 1745: 1744: 1732: 1731: 1724: 1717: 1709: 1700: 1699: 1697: 1696: 1689: 1684: 1679: 1674: 1669: 1664: 1659: 1658: 1657: 1652: 1647: 1639: 1634: 1629: 1622: 1617: 1612: 1607: 1602: 1597: 1592: 1587: 1581: 1579: 1575: 1574: 1572: 1571: 1564: 1557: 1550: 1543: 1536: 1529: 1521: 1519: 1515: 1514: 1512: 1511: 1509:Witch's ladder 1506: 1501: 1496: 1491: 1486: 1481: 1476: 1471: 1466: 1461: 1456: 1454:Chalice/Goblet 1451: 1446: 1441: 1436: 1431: 1426: 1421: 1416: 1411: 1406: 1401: 1395: 1393: 1389: 1388: 1386: 1385: 1380: 1375: 1370: 1365: 1360: 1355: 1350: 1345: 1340: 1335: 1330: 1325: 1319: 1317: 1313: 1312: 1310: 1309: 1304: 1299: 1296:Eko Eko Azarak 1292: 1287: 1282: 1277: 1272: 1267: 1262: 1257: 1252: 1247: 1242: 1237: 1232: 1227: 1222: 1216: 1214: 1208: 1207: 1205: 1204: 1199: 1194: 1189: 1184: 1179: 1174: 1169: 1167:The Summerland 1164: 1159: 1154: 1149: 1144: 1139: 1134: 1129: 1124: 1119: 1113: 1111: 1105: 1104: 1102: 1101: 1099:Mother goddess 1096: 1091: 1090: 1089: 1079: 1074: 1072:Triple Goddess 1068: 1066: 1062: 1061: 1059: 1058: 1053: 1048: 1043: 1038: 1033: 1028: 1023: 1018: 1016:Raven Grimassi 1013: 1011:Stewart Farrar 1008: 1003: 998: 996:Phyllis Curott 993: 988: 983: 978: 973: 968: 963: 958: 953: 948: 943: 938: 933: 928: 923: 918: 913: 908: 906:Maxine Sanders 903: 898: 893: 891:Gerald Gardner 887: 885: 879: 878: 875: 874: 872: 871: 866: 861: 856: 851: 849:Odyssean Wicca 846: 844:Georgian Wicca 841: 836: 831: 826: 821: 816: 811: 806: 804:1734 Tradition 800: 798: 794: 793: 791: 790: 785: 780: 775: 770: 765: 759: 757: 748: 744: 743: 736: 734: 732: 731: 724: 719: 714: 708: 706: 702: 701: 694: 693: 686: 679: 671: 663: 662: 650: 641: 635: 619:Hutton, Ronald 615: 609: 593: 587: 570: 569: 562: 561: 548: 536: 513: 501: 489: 480:Hutton, Ronald 471: 459: 447: 432: 420: 408: 396: 387: 375: 362: 350: 347: 325: 322: 312:The historian 241: 238: 168:in a house in 161: 158: 156: 153: 122:Gerald Gardner 102: 101: 98: 94: 93: 90: 86: 85: 82: 78: 77: 74: 70: 69: 66: 62: 61: 48: 44: 40: 39: 36: 28: 27: 24: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 2681: 2670: 2667: 2665: 2662: 2660: 2657: 2655: 2652: 2650: 2647: 2645: 2642: 2640: 2637: 2636: 2634: 2615: 2612: 2611: 2609: 2605: 2599: 2596: 2594: 2591: 2590: 2588: 2584: 2581: 2575: 2565: 2562: 2561: 2559: 2557: 2550: 2547: 2541: 2531: 2528: 2526: 2523: 2521: 2518: 2516: 2513: 2511: 2508: 2506: 2503: 2501: 2498: 2496: 2493: 2491: 2488: 2486: 2483: 2481: 2478: 2476: 2473: 2472: 2470: 2464: 2458: 2455: 2453: 2450: 2448: 2444: 2441: 2440: 2438: 2434: 2431: 2429: 2425: 2415: 2412: 2410: 2407: 2406: 2404: 2398: 2392: 2391:Bessie Wright 2389: 2387: 2386:Janet Wishart 2384: 2382: 2379: 2377: 2374: 2372: 2369: 2367: 2366:Marion Walker 2364: 2362: 2359: 2357: 2356:Marioun Twedy 2354: 2352: 2349: 2347: 2344: 2342: 2339: 2337: 2334: 2332: 2331:Agnes Sampson 2329: 2327: 2326:Elspeth Reoch 2324: 2322: 2319: 2317: 2314: 2312: 2309: 2307: 2304: 2302: 2299: 2297: 2294: 2292: 2289: 2287: 2284: 2282: 2279: 2277: 2274: 2272: 2269: 2267: 2264: 2262: 2259: 2257: 2254: 2252: 2251:Helen Guthrie 2249: 2247: 2246:Isobel Gowdie 2244: 2242: 2239: 2237: 2234: 2232: 2229: 2227: 2224: 2222: 2219: 2217: 2216:Isobel Elliot 2214: 2212: 2211:Bessie Dunlop 2209: 2207: 2204: 2202: 2199: 2197: 2194: 2192: 2189: 2187: 2184: 2182: 2179: 2177: 2174: 2172: 2169: 2167: 2164: 2162: 2161:Margaret Bane 2159: 2157: 2154: 2152: 2149: 2147: 2144: 2143: 2141: 2135: 2126: 2125: 2124: 2121: 2116: 2115: 2114: 2111: 2106: 2105: 2104: 2101: 2096: 2095: 2094: 2091: 2086: 2085: 2084: 2083:Alloa witches 2081: 2076: 2075: 2074: 2071: 2066: 2065: 2064: 2061: 2056: 2055: 2054: 2051: 2046: 2045: 2044: 2041: 2036: 2035: 2034: 2031: 2026: 2025: 2024: 2021: 2016: 2015: 2014: 2011: 2006: 2005: 2004: 2001: 1996: 1995: 1994: 1991: 1990: 1988: 1984: 1978: 1975: 1973: 1970: 1969: 1967: 1965: 1959: 1949: 1946: 1944: 1941: 1939: 1936: 1934: 1931: 1929: 1926: 1924: 1921: 1919: 1916: 1914: 1911: 1909: 1908:Kenneth Grant 1906: 1904: 1901: 1899: 1896: 1894: 1891: 1889: 1886: 1885: 1883: 1879: 1873: 1870: 1868: 1865: 1863: 1860: 1858: 1855: 1853: 1850: 1848: 1845: 1843: 1840: 1838: 1835: 1834: 1832: 1830:Organizations 1828: 1825: 1823: 1819: 1809: 1806: 1804: 1803:James Murrell 1801: 1799: 1796: 1795: 1793: 1789: 1783: 1780: 1778: 1775: 1773: 1770: 1768: 1765: 1763: 1760: 1759: 1757: 1753: 1750: 1746: 1741: 1737: 1730: 1725: 1723: 1718: 1716: 1711: 1710: 1707: 1694: 1690: 1688: 1685: 1683: 1680: 1678: 1675: 1673: 1670: 1668: 1665: 1663: 1662:Witching hour 1660: 1656: 1653: 1651: 1648: 1646: 1643: 1642: 1640: 1638: 1635: 1633: 1630: 1628: 1627: 1623: 1621: 1618: 1616: 1613: 1611: 1608: 1606: 1603: 1601: 1598: 1596: 1593: 1591: 1588: 1586: 1583: 1582: 1580: 1576: 1570: 1569: 1565: 1563: 1562: 1558: 1556: 1555: 1551: 1549: 1548: 1544: 1542: 1541: 1537: 1535: 1534: 1530: 1528: 1527: 1523: 1522: 1520: 1516: 1510: 1507: 1505: 1502: 1500: 1497: 1495: 1492: 1490: 1487: 1485: 1482: 1480: 1477: 1475: 1472: 1470: 1467: 1465: 1462: 1460: 1457: 1455: 1452: 1450: 1447: 1445: 1442: 1440: 1437: 1435: 1432: 1430: 1427: 1425: 1422: 1420: 1417: 1415: 1412: 1410: 1407: 1405: 1402: 1400: 1397: 1396: 1394: 1392:Paraphernalia 1390: 1384: 1381: 1379: 1376: 1374: 1371: 1369: 1366: 1364: 1361: 1359: 1356: 1354: 1351: 1349: 1346: 1344: 1341: 1339: 1336: 1334: 1331: 1329: 1326: 1324: 1321: 1320: 1318: 1314: 1308: 1305: 1303: 1300: 1298: 1297: 1293: 1291: 1288: 1286: 1283: 1281: 1278: 1276: 1273: 1271: 1268: 1266: 1263: 1261: 1258: 1256: 1253: 1251: 1250:Cone of power 1248: 1246: 1243: 1241: 1240:Fivefold kiss 1238: 1236: 1233: 1231: 1228: 1226: 1223: 1221: 1218: 1217: 1215: 1209: 1203: 1200: 1198: 1195: 1193: 1190: 1188: 1185: 1183: 1180: 1178: 1175: 1173: 1172:Reincarnation 1170: 1168: 1165: 1163: 1160: 1158: 1155: 1153: 1150: 1148: 1145: 1143: 1140: 1138: 1135: 1133: 1130: 1128: 1127:Rule of Three 1125: 1123: 1120: 1118: 1115: 1114: 1112: 1106: 1100: 1097: 1095: 1092: 1088: 1085: 1084: 1083: 1080: 1078: 1075: 1073: 1070: 1069: 1067: 1063: 1057: 1056:Joseph Wilson 1054: 1052: 1049: 1047: 1044: 1042: 1039: 1037: 1034: 1032: 1029: 1027: 1024: 1022: 1019: 1017: 1014: 1012: 1009: 1007: 1004: 1002: 999: 997: 994: 992: 989: 987: 984: 982: 979: 977: 974: 972: 969: 967: 964: 962: 959: 957: 954: 952: 949: 947: 946:Jack Bracelin 944: 942: 939: 937: 934: 932: 929: 927: 924: 922: 919: 917: 914: 912: 909: 907: 904: 902: 899: 897: 894: 892: 889: 888: 886: 880: 870: 867: 865: 862: 860: 857: 855: 852: 850: 847: 845: 842: 840: 837: 835: 832: 830: 827: 825: 824:Coven of Atho 822: 820: 817: 815: 812: 810: 807: 805: 802: 801: 799: 795: 789: 786: 784: 781: 779: 776: 774: 771: 769: 766: 764: 761: 760: 758: 756: 752: 749: 745: 740: 730: 729: 725: 723: 720: 718: 715: 713: 710: 709: 707: 703: 699: 692: 687: 685: 680: 678: 673: 672: 669: 659: 655: 651: 647: 642: 638: 636:0-19-820744-1 632: 627: 626: 620: 616: 612: 610:1-86163-164-2 606: 602: 598: 594: 590: 588:1-86163-110-3 584: 580: 576: 572: 571: 568: 567: 558: 552: 545: 540: 532: 530: 529:Ronald Hutton 526: 523: 517: 511:. p. 212-216. 510: 505: 498: 497:Valiente 1989 493: 485: 481: 475: 469:. p. 124-125. 468: 467:Heselton 2000 463: 457:. p. 384-387. 456: 455:Heselton 2003 451: 444: 443:Heselton 2000 439: 437: 430:. p. 121-124. 429: 428:Heselton 2000 424: 418:. p. 119-120. 417: 416:Heselton 2000 412: 405: 404:Heselton 2000 400: 391: 385:. p. 117-118. 384: 383:Heselton 2000 379: 372: 371:Heselton 2000 367: 363: 361: 360: 356: 355: 346: 344: 338: 336: 332: 321: 319: 315: 314:Ronald Hutton 310: 306: 304: 300: 296: 291: 289: 284: 282: 277: 275: 271: 266: 263: 259: 255: 251: 247: 237: 235: 231: 227: 223: 219: 215: 210: 208: 203: 199: 194: 190: 185: 183: 179: 175: 171: 167: 152: 150: 146: 142: 137: 135: 131: 127: 123: 119: 115: 112: 108: 99: 95: 91: 87: 83: 79: 75: 73:Occupation(s) 71: 67: 63: 59: 55: 51: 45: 41: 34: 29: 22: 19: 2564:Helen Duncan 2520:Alex Sanders 2500:Janet Farrar 2489: 2414:John Kincaid 2306:Alice Nutter 2276:Marie Lamont 2231:Agnes Finnie 2176:Janet Boyman 1962:Early Modern 1913:Dion Fortune 1693:Fluffy Bunny 1637:Cunning folk 1632:Granny woman 1624: 1566: 1559: 1552: 1545: 1538: 1531: 1524: 1307:Spiral dance 1294: 1245:Magic circle 1026:Yvonne Frost 1006:Janet Farrar 921:Margot Adler 915: 901:Alex Sanders 829:Dianic Wicca 809:Celtic Wicca 768:Algard Wicca 726: 657: 645: 624: 600: 578: 566:Bibliography 565: 564: 556: 551: 539: 531: 525: 516: 504: 492: 483: 474: 462: 450: 423: 411: 399: 390: 378: 366: 358: 357: 353: 352: 339: 334: 331:Alex Sanders 327: 317: 311: 307: 292: 285: 278: 267: 243: 211: 186: 165: 163: 138: 129: 106: 105: 18: 2654:1975 deaths 2649:1887 births 2598:Maggie Wall 2579:and museums 2311:Mary Pannal 2261:Janet Horne 2146:Lilias Adie 1972:In Scotland 1948:A. E. Waite 1230:Handfasting 1157:White magic 1122:Wiccan Rede 1021:Gavin Frost 941:Lois Bourne 834:Faery Wicca 509:Hutton 1999 499:. p. 39-40. 345:in London. 343:Conway Hall 202:Southampton 2633:Categories 2545:witchcraft 2515:Sybil Leek 2296:Violet Mar 2271:Mary Hicks 1964:witchcraft 1938:Alan Moore 1923:James Lees 1748:Folk magic 1742:in Britain 1740:witchcraft 1667:Witch-hunt 1518:Literature 1499:Tarot deck 1358:Lughnasadh 1285:Initiation 1280:Invocation 1275:Divination 1225:Great rite 1213:and ritual 1192:Watchtower 1162:Otherworld 1152:Witchcraft 1142:Craft name 1077:Horned God 936:Gavin Bone 911:Sybil Leek 864:Stregheria 854:Reclaiming 747:Traditions 544:Johns 1969 349:References 299:Stonehenge 274:Highcliffe 258:Witch-Cult 230:Pythagoras 200:suburb of 145:craft name 2586:Monuments 2577:Monuments 2376:Jane Weir 2346:Anna Tait 2236:Maud Galt 2226:John Fian 2027:1596–1597 2007:1589–1593 1918:Phil Hine 1881:Magicians 1791:Magicians 1469:Parchment 1383:Wild Hunt 1353:Midsummer 1270:Banishing 1235:Wiccaning 1082:Green Man 859:Seax-Wica 445:. p. 124. 406:. p. 119. 373:. p. 117. 359:Footnotes 207:elocution 198:Portswood 189:Bangalore 174:Yorkshire 155:Biography 97:Parent(s) 54:Yorkshire 2466:Neopagan 2436:Variants 1977:In Wales 1903:John Dee 1782:Nicnevin 1755:Variants 1494:Talisman 1474:Pentacle 1444:Cauldron 1328:Solstice 1316:Holidays 1197:Familiar 1187:Summoner 1110:concepts 1051:Starhawk 656:(1989). 621:(1999). 599:(2003). 577:(2000). 546:. p. 15. 482:(1999). 270:Walkford 222:bungalow 180:and the 89:Children 2607:Museums 2475:Artemis 2468:witches 2196:Meg Dow 2139:witches 2137:Accused 1578:Related 1484:Scourge 1464:Incense 1439:Candles 1368:Samhain 1348:Beltane 1333:Equinox 1260:Scrying 1202:Animism 1182:Skyclad 1065:Deities 931:Artemis 884:figures 882:Notable 705:History 281:witches 214:divorce 111:English 58:England 2543:Modern 1986:Trials 1857:O∴A∴A∴ 1777:Goetia 1655:Hebrew 1650:Theban 1489:Statue 1449:Censer 1429:Boline 1414:Athame 1409:Amulet 1343:Ostara 1338:Imbolc 633:  607:  585:  324:Legacy 303:Druids 254:covens 170:Malton 149:Buddha 114:Wiccan 81:Spouse 50:Malton 2443:Wicca 1736:Magic 1645:Runes 1479:Runes 1424:Besom 1404:Altar 1378:Esbat 1363:Mabon 1211:Rites 1177:Karma 1147:Magic 1137:Coven 797:Other 354:Notes 193:India 2554:the 2490:Dafo 2127:1711 2117:1704 2107:1696 2097:1684 2087:1658 2067:1619 2057:1612 2047:1612 2037:1612 2017:1590 1997:1579 1837:A∴A∴ 1738:and 1504:Wand 1459:Horn 1419:Bell 1373:Yule 916:Dafo 839:Feri 631:ISBN 605:ISBN 583:ISBN 130:Dafo 68:1975 65:Died 43:Born 1108:Key 2635:: 2445:: 435:^ 333:, 236:. 191:, 184:. 172:, 151:. 56:, 52:, 1728:e 1721:t 1714:v 1695:" 1691:" 690:e 683:t 676:v 639:. 613:. 591:. 533:.

Index


Malton
Yorkshire
England
English
Wiccan
New Forest coven
Gerald Gardner
Gardnerian tradition
history of Wicca
Philip Heselton
craft name
Buddha
Malton
Yorkshire
London College of Music
London Academy of Music
Bangalore
India
Portswood
Southampton
elocution
divorce
Christchurch, Hampshire
bungalow
Rosicrucian Order Crotona Fellowship
Pythagoras
George Alexander Sullivan
Rosicrucian Order Crotona Fellowship
New Forest coven

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.