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294:. For centuries, there had been yearly auctions to determine who would be allowed to collect regional taxes for that year. This was detrimental to the provinces because tax farmers would use their brief power to bleed their area dry. By auctioning of the ability to collect taxes from a region for a lifetime, the central government maintained regional support because the regional elite became dependent on the central government. âVery quickly, by 1703, these lifetime tax farms had spread and came into wide use in the
359:. With the support of other army units as well as some Constantinople citizens and most ulema (religious leaders), the rebels plundered the houses of the senior government officers and began controlling the capital for several weeks. Although they sent a group of representatives to Edirne, Feyzullah Efendi jailed them. This provoked the rebels, and they began to march to Edirne. The sultan announced that he had deposed Feyzullah Efendi. But it was too late and the rebels decided to dethrone
399:. The clergy or ulema (Arabic plural for knowledgeable person) were all Sunni Muslims. At the head stood the seyhulislam (chief mufti) appointed by the sultan and paid a state salary like the rest of the ulema, who received a stream of requests from central government to certify (usually in the form of a written judgement or Fatwa) that proposed government action conformed to Sharia law. On 22 August 1703, Mustafa II was deposed (back into the seraglio), and his brother
920:
415:." This final demand was a means through which the janissaries exerted direct control over the sultan. The janissaries were essentially emphasizing their ability to remove a sultan from power or to reinstate a new sultan. When the violence ended, âthe ceremony of submission by which the Janissaries swore allegiance to the new sultan was a theatrical gesture masking the real power of the corps to control events in the imperial capital.â
25:
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janissaries. Seyhulislam
Feyzullah Efendiâs âcorruption and nepotism, excessive even for the time, and his influence over the sultan considered too great. Furthermore, he overstepped the boundaries of his position as head of the religious arm of the household, establishing corporate relationships traditionally the domain and prerogative of the vizierial and pasha households.â
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and did not return home to
Constantinople until 1706. Sultan Ahmed III reestablished the capital of the empire in Constantinople. Economically, the Ottomans were still in trouble. Sari Mehmed Pasha, chief financial officer six times between 1703 and 1716, was said to have melted the palace silver to
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judges who were âthe most consistent representation of
Ottoman rule in the provinces.â The kadis posed and answered four questions regarding the situation at hand. âThe first concerned Mustafa II's neglect of his âtrustâ in looking after his subjects, âallowing injustice and inequity to reignâ while
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provinces alikeâ (Ottoman Empire 1700â1922, p. 48). Nonetheless, the transition from yearly to lifetime terms did not benefit the economy. Only about one-fifth of the taxes collected by tax farmers ever made it to the central government. Consequently, the central government did not have sufficient
406:
Although
Mustafa II was replaced as the sultan, the revolt continued in Constantinople. The violence continued for three problematic reasons: âthe lack of discipline and control over the disorder and destruction; the dissolution of rebel unity, amidst rivalries concerning the balance of power; and
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and âleft political and administrative affairs to
Seyhulislam Feyzullah Efendi.â The Sultanâs move to Edirne in 1701 was a political attempt to shield the effects of the treaty from the public. The Sultanâs absence and the leadership of Seyhulislam Feyzullah Efendi were not supported by the
638:
271:. These territorial losses had drastic effects on the geopolitical power of the Ottoman Empire. âWith the Treaty of Karlowitz, the Ottoman Empire ceased to be a dominating power in Central and Eastern Europe and began to take a defensive position to its Christian neighbors.â
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as an institution. âWhile in the sixteenth century or even the early seventeenth century, the power of the sultans had been respected and even feared, this was no longer true after the numerous
Ottoman defeats in the wars of 1683-1718.â The economic manipulation of Sultan
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and the kadis. The janissariesâ power over the sultan was demonstrated not only through their attack, but also through their ability to economically manipulate Sultan Ahmed III. The kadisâ revealed their power over the sultan through their interpretation of
251:. A peace treaty with Russia was not signed until July 1700. The Treaty of Karlowitz forced the Ottomans to surrender a significant amount of territory to the Habsburgs and the Venetians. The Habsburgs gained Hungary, Croatia and
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as part of their confirmation of his sultanate. This payment that the sultan was required to make to the janissaries was simply another addition to the financial troubles that the empire was already experiencing.
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347:"who complained of overdue pay, and of the sultanâs absence." Although the revolt began with the janissaries, it soon grew to include civilians, lower-ranking soldiers,
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The defeat of
Mustafa II in battle, the detrimental conditions of the Treaty of Karlowitz and his expulsion from power all contributed to the general decline of the
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to be effective in the area. However, the salaries of the army members had been delayed, and the subunit of the janissaries responsible for logistics, named
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also demonstrated a decline of the power of the sultanate. The continued weakening of the sultanate contributed to the strengthening of provincial powers.
363:. The sultan tried to form a defense line at the outskirts of Edirne. But even the sultan's soldiers joined the rebels. "Military confrontation outside of
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As a result of the Edirne Event, Mustafa II was removed from power. Mustafa II was not physically harmed by the rebels. After he was removed from the
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Event, ĆeyhĂŒlislam
Feyzullah Efendi was killed, and Sultan Mustafa II was ousted from power. The Sultan was replaced by his brother, Sultan
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in 1683. The peace negotiations began only after numerous and urgent
Ottoman requests for peace and diplomatic efforts by England and the
339:, revolted on 17 July 1703 demanding full payment before the operation. The Edirne Event, also called the Revolt of 1703, broke out in
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355:. These groups were frustrated with the sultan's attempt to mask the loss political legitimacy and the rise of Seyhulislam
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make up the accession payment for Ahmet III. The accession payment was the payment that the new sultan had to pay to the
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231:. The Treaty of Karlowitz ended a fifteen-year period of war in the aftermath of the Ottomans' failed siege of
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Das
Ereignis von Edirne (1703). Astrologie als Strategie zur Herrschaftslegitimation und KontingenzbewÀltigung.
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to stand up to an unjust ruler. The third condemned those who sided with an unjust ruler. The fourth charged
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Mustafa II dressed in full armor. The text reads "Sultan Mustafa Han the Second, may God's mercy be upon him."
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247:). The treaty outlines the post-war agreements between the Ottomans, the Venetians, the Poles and the
239:. The Ottomans had been desperate to end the war after âthe army under the sultan was annihilated by
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was signed on January 16, 1699. This treaty was signed in response to the Ottoman wars with the
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leaders in the provinces, their growing power over the sultanate contributed to the increasing
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finally competition for the coronation accession gifts, the traditional reward for the
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he went hunting, wasting the public treasury. The second legitimated the right of a
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161:'s absence from the capital. The rising power of the Sultanâs former tutor,
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countryside, deserted Mustafa and joined the ranks from Constantinople."
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was avoided as the imperial loyalists, mostly troops recruited from the
625:. Istanbul: Nederlands Historisch-Archaeologisch Instituut te Ä°stanbul.
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The demands of the rebels were articulated by the ulema through the
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180:. The Edirne Event contributed to the decline of the power of the
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became the new sultan. Feyzullah Efendi was killed by the rebels.
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153:) in 1703. The revolt was a reaction to the consequences of the
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The 1703 Rebellion and the Structure of Ottoman Politics
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judiciary essentially declared Mustafa II unfit for the
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431:. After he was declared sultan, Ahmed III went on the
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The Edirne Event strengthened the power of both the
395:. This style of Islamic judicial ruling is called
200:, the rise of Seyhulislam Feyzullah Efendi and the
172:were also causes of the revolt. As a result of the
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184:and the increasing power of the janissaries and
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168:and the empire's declining economy caused by
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637:, vol. 20, no. 1 (2015), pp. 115â138 (
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502:Historical Dictionary of the Ottoman Empire
255:from the Ottomans. The Venetians received
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594:The Ottoman Empire and the World Around It
196:Three causes of the Edirne Event were the
470:. As the kadis were the most accessible
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
572:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
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16:1703 military coup in the Ottoman Empire
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2072:Rebellions against the Ottoman Empire
2016:Kurdish rebellions during World War I
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863:Sarıkız, AyıĆıÄı, Yakamoz and Eldiven
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2092:Military coups in the Ottoman Empire
478:of power within the Ottoman Empire.
47:adding citations to reliable sources
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1728:Greek Macedonian rebellion of 1867
1696:Greek Macedonian rebellion of 1854
1002:Uprising of Konstantin and Fruzhin
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621:Abou-El-Haj, Rifa'at Ali (1984).
278:, Sultan Mustafa II retreated to
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243:in open field confrontationsâ (
34:needs additional citations for
1848:IlindenâPreobrazhenie Uprising
1832:1896â1897 Macedonian rebellion
596:. London: Tauris. p. 61.
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411:pledge of allegiance to a new
343:. This revolt began among the
265:PolishâLithuanian Commonwealth
1:
1944:Zaraniq rebellion (1909â1910)
1135:Expeditions against the Druze
1074:Expeditions against the Druze
582:Geoffrey Parker Global Crises
481:
2097:Military history of Istanbul
1712:Mount Lebanon civil conflict
1151:Expedition against the Druze
1143:Theodoros Boua Grivas revolt
1122:Expedition against the Druze
1114:Mariovo and Prilep Rebellion
707:1730 Patrona Halil rebellion
570:The Ottoman Empire 1700â1922
500:Somel, Selcuk Aksin (2012).
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544:. Harlow: Longman/Pearson.
540:Aksan, Virginia H. (2007).
307:funds to pay its military.
10:
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2087:1703 in the Ottoman Empire
2077:Military history of Edirne
994:Sheikh Bedreddin rebellion
885:Other incidents and trials
869:Operation Cage Action Plan
351:as well as members of the
323:during a civil war in the
1992:Raid on the Sublime Porte
1891:
1768:1878 Macedonian rebellion
1544:Priest Jovica's Rebellion
1496:Greek War of Independence
1448:Kabakçı Mustafa rebellion
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1399:KoÄa's frontier rebellion
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1744:Bulgarian April uprising
1656:Uprising of Dervish Cara
1504:Atçalı Kel Mehmet revolt
1464:HadĆŸi-Prodan's Rebellion
1050:Nur Ali Halife rebellion
840:military asylum incident
676:Military coups in Turkey
1976:Albanian revolt of 1912
1960:Albanian revolt of 1910
1552:Second MaĆĄiÄi Rebellion
1472:Second Serbian Uprising
1407:Tripolitanian civil war
1375:Patrona Halil Rebellion
1295:Second Tarnovo Uprising
835:international reactions
542:Ottoman Wars: 1700â1870
321:candidate to the throne
1936:Hauran Druze Rebellion
1784:KresnaâRazlog Uprising
1752:Razlovtsi insurrection
1608:Belogradchik Rebellion
1440:First Serbian Uprising
1351:The Great Insurrection
1207:First Tarnovo Uprising
1058:Nasir al-Din rebellion
1010:Skanderbeg's rebellion
892:Nine Officers Incident
126:
1904:Young Turk Revolution
1560:Syrian Peasant Revolt
1082:Baba ZĂŒnnun Rebellion
697:1622 janissary revolt
504:. Lanham: Scarecrow.
145:revolt that began in
124:
1872:Mesopotamia uprising
1736:Herzegovina Uprising
1680:Herzegovina Uprising
1600:Berkovitsa Rebellion
1568:Tripolitanian revolt
1287:Druze power struggle
1130:Revolts of 1565â1572
43:improve this article
2024:Uprising in Karbala
2000:Euphrates rebellion
1920:Al-Bejat Revolution
1480:Wallachian Uprising
1367:Uprising in VuÄitrn
1311:Karposh's rebellion
1303:Chiprovtsi uprising
1018:Buçuktepe rebellion
276:Treaty of Karlowitz
213:Treaty of Karlowitz
198:Treaty of Karlowitz
155:Treaty of Karlowitz
1968:Malissori uprising
1912:Hamawand rebellion
1576:Posavina Rebellion
1456:JanÄiÄ's Rebellion
1279:Abaza Hasan Revolt
1263:Atmeydanı Incident
1215:Thessaly Rebellion
747:Republic of Turkey
325:Kingdom of Imereti
288:Elmas Mehmed Pasha
127:
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2048:Koçgiri rebellion
2040:Uprising in Hilla
1928:31 March Incident
1760:Kumanovo Uprising
1536:Shkodër Rebellion
1183:Uprising in Banat
1175:Celali rebellions
1066:Celali rebellions
1042:Ćahkulu Rebellion
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1223:Mamluk Rebellion
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1167:Beylerbeyi Event
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1632:Diber Rebellion
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341:Constantinople
319:was backing a
317:Ottoman Empire
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139:Edirne VaážłÊżası
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1840:Cretan Revolt
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1824:Cretan Revolt
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1816:Brsjak Revolt
1814:
1809:
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99:November 2016
91:
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77:
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70:
67:
63:
60: â
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
1952:Karak revolt
1893:Dissolution
1624:Druze revolt
1433:in Belgrade
1391:Orlov Revolt
1335:Edirne event
1250:(1624, 1627)
916:
905:E-memorandum
820:2016 attempt
808:1971 attempt
796:1969 attempt
791:1963 attempt
786:1962 attempt
702:Edirne Event
634:
630:
622:
593:
587:
578:
569:
541:
501:
460:
448:
422:
405:
373:
333:send an army
314:
285:Grand Vizier
273:
253:Transylvania
210:
204:practice of
195:
130:
128:
105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
2032:Arab Revolt
1895:(1908â1922)
1571:(1835â1858)
1422:(1789â1908)
1410:(1793â1795)
1326:(1700â1789)
1324:Old Regime
1290:(1658â1667)
1282:(1658â1659)
1178:(1590â1610)
1138:(1574â1576)
1105:(1550â1700)
1077:(1523â1524)
1033:(1453â1550)
985:(1299â1453)
901:(1957â1958)
895: [
830:media purge
811: [
799: [
641:) (German).
468:Islamic law
463:janissaries
438:janissaries
345:janissaries
331:decided to
292:tax farming
206:tax farming
170:tax farming
163:ĆeyhĂŒlislam
157:and Sultan
2066:Categories
971:Rebellions
603:1850437157
482:References
385:Mustafa II
361:Mustafa II
159:Mustafa II
69:newspapers
2035:(1916â18)
2019:(1914â18)
1915:(1908â10)
1843:(1897â98)
1835:(1896â97)
1827:(1896â97)
1819:(1880â81)
1787:(1878â79)
1739:(1875â77)
1731:(1866â67)
1723:(1866â69)
1683:(1852â62)
1659:(1843â44)
1635:(1838â39)
1563:(1834-35)
1531:(1832â34)
1523:(1832â33)
1515:(1831â33)
1499:(1821â29)
1475:(1815-17)
1443:(1804â13)
1435:(1801â04)
1386:(1737â39)
1354:(1707â11)
1202:(1596â97)
1117:(1564â65)
1013:(1443â68)
1005:(1404â18)
997:(1416â20)
765:1980 coup
755:1960 coup
737:1913 coup
732:1912 coup
717:1876 coup
692:1512 coup
629:GĂŒl Ćen:
456:Ahmed III
451:sultanate
429:Ahmed III
425:sultanate
419:Aftermath
409:janissary
401:Ahmed III
393:sultanate
300:Anatolian
249:Habsburgs
221:Venetians
217:Habsburgs
182:sultanate
178:Ahmed III
143:janissary
1420:Decline
349:artisans
257:Dalmatia
229:Russians
227:and the
151:Istanbul
141:) was a
973:in the
877:(2010s)
472:Ottoman
269:Podolia
267:gained
202:Ottoman
83:scholar
2051:(1921)
2043:(1916)
2027:(1915)
2011:(1914)
2003:(1913)
1995:(1913)
1987:(1912)
1979:(1912)
1971:(1911)
1963:(1910)
1955:(1910)
1947:(1910)
1939:(1909)
1931:(1909)
1923:(1909)
1907:(1908)
1883:(1907)
1875:(1906)
1867:(1905)
1859:(1905)
1851:(1903)
1811:(1878)
1803:(1878)
1795:(1878)
1779:(1878)
1771:(1878)
1763:(1878)
1755:(1876)
1747:(1876)
1715:(1860)
1707:(1858)
1699:(1854)
1691:(1854)
1675:(1847)
1667:(1845)
1651:(1841)
1643:(1841)
1627:(1838)
1619:(1836)
1611:(1836)
1603:(1836)
1595:(1836)
1587:(1836)
1579:(1836)
1555:(1834)
1547:(1834)
1539:(1833)
1507:(1830)
1491:(1821)
1483:(1821)
1467:(1814)
1459:(1809)
1451:(1807)
1431:Dahije
1402:(1788)
1394:(1770)
1378:(1730)
1370:(1717)
1362:(1711)
1346:(1705)
1338:(1703)
1314:(1689)
1306:(1688)
1298:(1686)
1274:(1656)
1266:(1648)
1258:(1642)
1242:(1623)
1234:(1611)
1226:(1609)
1218:(1600)
1210:(1598)
1194:(1596)
1186:(1594)
1170:(1589)
1162:(1586)
1154:(1585)
1146:(1585)
1125:(1565)
1093:(1527)
1085:(1526)
1069:(1519)
1061:(1518)
1053:(1512)
1045:(1511)
1021:(1446)
907:(2007)
871:(2009)
865:(2004)
825:purges
639:online
600:
548:
508:
445:Legacy
413:sultan
369:Balkan
365:Edirne
337:Cebeci
311:Revolt
302:, and
296:Balkan
280:Edirne
263:. The
233:Vienna
223:, the
219:, the
192:Causes
174:Edirne
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
983:Rise
899:]
815:]
803:]
397:fetva
353:ulema
329:Porte
261:Morea
225:Poles
186:kadis
149:(now
90:JSTOR
76:books
858:1993
633:In:
598:ISBN
546:ISBN
506:ISBN
433:hajj
389:kadi
376:kadi
315:The
304:Arab
259:and
211:The
129:The
62:news
45:by
2068::
897:tr
813:tr
801:tr
560:^
520:^
490:^
298:,
208:.
188:.
137::
958:e
951:t
944:v
668:e
661:t
654:v
606:.
554:.
514:.
133:(
112:)
106:(
101:)
97:(
87:·
80:·
73:·
66:·
39:.
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