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633:
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65:
199:(plural, ecchymoses) (over 1 cm (0.39 in)) as synonymous with a bruise, in some other schemas, an ecchymosis is differentiated by its remoteness from the source and cause of bleeding, with blood dissecting through tissue planes and settling in an area remote from the site of trauma or even nontraumatic pathology, such as in
707:, with hemoglobin itself producing a red-blue color, biliverdin producing a green color, bilirubin producing a yellow color, and hemosiderin producing a golden-brown color. As these products are cleared from the area, the bruise disappears. Often the underlying tissue damage has been repaired long before this process is complete.
624:, or other tissue to be damaged. The symptoms and signs of these injuries may initially appear to be those of simple bruising. Abdominal bruising or severe injuries that cause difficulty in moving a limb or the feeling of liquid under the skin may indicate life-threatening injury and require the attention of a physician.
279:(3 to 10 millimetres in diameter). Ecchymoses also have a more diffuse border than other purpura. A broader definition of ecchymosis is the escape of blood into the tissues from ruptured blood vessels. The term also applies to the subcutaneous discoloration resulting from seepage of blood within the injured tissue.
268:. The likelihood and severity of bruising depends on many factors, including type and healthiness of affected tissues. Minor bruises may be easily recognized in people with light skin color by characteristic blue or purple appearance (idiomatically described as "black and blue") in the days following the injury.
576:
Low levels of damaging forces produce small bruises and generally cause the individual to feel minor pain straight away. Repeated impacts worsen bruises, increasing the harm level. Normally, light bruises heal nearly completely within two weeks, although duration is affected by variation in severity
427:
Bruise shapes may correspond directly to the instrument of injury or be modified by additional factors. Bruises often become more prominent as time lapses, resulting in additional size and swelling, and may grow to a large size over the course of the hours after the injury that caused the bruise was
766:
of pain, although causing additional pain may indicate the massage is exacerbating the injury. As for most injuries, these techniques should not be applied until at least three days following the initial damage to ensure all internal bleeding has stopped, because although increasing blood flow will
242:
can lead to the formation of purpura which is not to be confused with trauma-related bruising/contusion. If the trauma is sufficient to break the skin and allow blood to escape the interstitial tissues, the injury is not a bruise but bleeding, a different variety of hemorrhage. Such injuries may be
759:) and, later in recovery, light stretching exercises. Particularly, immediate application of ice while elevating the area may reduce or completely prevent swelling by restricting blood flow to the area and preventing internal bleeding. Rest and preventing re-injury is essential for rapid recovery.
259:
Bruises often induce pain immediately after the trauma that results in their formation, but small bruises are not normally dangerous alone. Sometimes bruises can be serious, leading to other more life-threatening forms of hematoma, such as when associated with serious injuries, including
353:
may cause relatively easy or spontaneous bruising depending on the severity. Spontaneous bruising or bruising with minimal trauma in the absence of other explanations and together with other minor or major criteria suggestive of vascular Ehlers–Danlos
Syndrome (vEDS) suggests
778:, including ancient medicine of Egyptians, Greeks, Celts, Turks, Slavs, Maya, Aztecs and Chinese, has used bruising as a treatment for some health problems. The methods vary widely and include cupping, scraping, and slapping.
580:
Severe bruising (harm score 2–3) may be dangerous or cause serious complications. Further bleeding and excess fluid may accumulate causing a hard, fluctuating lump or swelling hematoma. This has the potential to cause
1774:
1751:
149:
tissues. Most bruises occur close enough to the epidermis such that the bleeding causes a visible discoloration. The bruise then remains visible until the blood is either absorbed by tissues or cleared by
1593:
Byers PH. Vascular Ehlers-Danlos
Syndrome. 1999 Sep 2 . In: Adam MP, Ardinger HH, Pagon RA, et al., editors. GeneReviews® . Seattle (WA): University of Washington, Seattle; 1993–2020. Available from:
290:
often result in a deep blue or dark red bruise, respectively. Darker colored bruises may result from a more severe bleeding from both blood vessels. Older bruises may appear yellow, green or brown.
1124:
1319:
767:
allow more healing factors into the area and encourage drainage, if the injury is still bleeding this will allow more blood to seep out of the wound and cause the bruise to become worse.
230:
forces. Trauma sufficient to cause bruising can occur from a wide variety of situations including accidents, falls, and surgeries. Disease states such as insufficient or malfunctioning
341:
infection. Unexplained bruising can also indicate internal bleeding or certain types of cancer. Long-term glucocorticoid therapy can cause easy bruising. Bruising present around the
565:
The harm score is determined by the extent and severity of the injuries to the organs and tissues causing the bruising, in turn depending on multiple factors. For example, a
173:(less than 3 mm (0.12 in), resulting from numerous and diverse etiologies such as adverse reactions from medications such as warfarin, straining, asphyxiation,
644:
to break under the skin, allowing blood to escape and build up. As time progresses, blood seeps into the surrounding tissues, causing the bruise to darken and spread.
585:
in which the swelling cuts off blood flow to the tissues. The trauma that induced the bruise may also have caused other severe and potentially fatal harm to internal
2205:
790:, used by Greeks and Romans in the bath. Archaeologically there is no precedent for scraping tools before Greek archaeological evidence, not Chinese or Egyptian.
1728:
218:
As a type of hematoma, a bruise is always caused by internal bleeding into the interstitial tissues which does not break through the skin, usually initiated by
1326:
648:
endings within the affected tissue detect the increased pressure, which, depending on severity and location, may be perceived as pain or pressure or be
459:
Location: More extensive vascularity causes more bleeding. Areas such as the arms, knees, shins and the facial area are especially common bruise sites.
1563:
282:
Bruise colors vary from red, blue, or almost black, depending on the severity of broken capillaries or blood vessels within the bruise site. Broken
187:(3–10 mm (0.12–0.39 in)), classified as palpable purpura or non-palpable purpura and indicating various pathologic conditions such as
1455:
1408:
786:) uses a small hand device with a rounded edge to gently scrape the scalp or the skin. Another ancient device that creates mild bruising is a
2198:
1143:
432:
Condition and type of tissue: In soft tissues, a larger area is bruised than would be in firmer tissue due to ease of blood to invade tissue.
1889:
2191:
1294:
271:
Hematomas can be subdivided by size. By definition, ecchymoses are 1 centimetres in size or larger, and are therefore larger than
748:
108:
2322:
1099:
1072:
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have been shown to bruise more, although this may just be due to greater visibility on commonly associated lighter complexion.
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38:
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1172:
Kinnaman, Karen; Binder, William; Nadel, Eric; Brown, David (2015). "Petechiae, anemia, and throbocytopenia".
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and death. Treatment for brain bruising may involve emergency surgery to relieve the pressure on the brain.
762:
Very gently massaging the area and applying heat may encourage blood flow and relieve pain according to the
2539:
2502:
2372:
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of a particular area of skin, associated with an individual kissing or sucking the affected area beforehand
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indicate the abrasions occurred while the individual was alive, as opposed to damage incurred post mortem.
1570:
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350:
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Age: elderly skin and other tissues are often thinner and less elastic and thus more prone to bruising.
420:
17:
1656:
2763:
2334:
2315:
1875:
1608:"Women with Red Hair Report a Slightly Increased Rate of Bruising but Have Normal Coagulation Tests"
1515:
2733:
2476:
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1793:
744:
104:
2723:
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and individual healing processes; generally, more severe or deeper bruises take somewhat longer.
31:
1469:
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2637:
2612:
2570:
959:, "tissue infused with organic juice"; elaboration from chyme, the formative juice of tissues.
590:
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Bruises can be scored on a scale from 0–5 to categorize the severity and danger of the injury.
223:
208:
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vary in strength, stiffness and toughness, which can also vary by age and medical conditions.
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2014:
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1426:. Williams, Joanne Lynne; Landis-Piwowar, Kristin (3rd ed.). Boston. p. 665.
1402:
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988:
893:
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366:
82:
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Liem, Edwin B.; Hollensead, Sandra C.; Joiner, Teresa V.; Sessler, Daniel I. (2006).
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and blood vessel diseases or deficiencies can increase bruising due to more bleeding.
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146:
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muscle will bruise more severely, as will tissues crushed against underlying bone.
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Skin tone: Discoloration caused by bruises is more prominent in lighter complexions.
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deficiencies, or vascular disorders, such as venous blockage associated with severe
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2408:
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2019:
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593:: bleeding, bruising and massive swelling of the brain with the potential to cause
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1972:
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Kumar, Vinay; Abbas, Abul K.; Fausto, Nelson; & Mitchell, Richard N. (2007).
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Gumus, Koray (30 May 2007). "A child with racoon eyes masquerading as trauma".
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in the extracellular space. The striking colors of a bruise are caused by the
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Kumar, Vinay; Abbas, Abul K.; Aster, Jon C.; Perkins, James A. (2017-03-28).
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During this time, larger bruises may change color due to the breakdown of
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to plug the wound and eventually leads to restoration of normal tissue.
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1994:
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to minimize bleeding. As the endothelium is destroyed, the underlying
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There are many causes of subcutaneous hematomas including ecchymoses.
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2009:
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Genes: Despite having completely normal coagulation factors, natural
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1531:"Bruises, blood coagulation tests and the battered child syndrome"
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under pressure can involve capillaries at the level of skin,
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may cause ecchymosis formation in children. The medication
27:
Type of localized bleeding in tissues outside blood vessels
1379:(10th ed.). Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. p. 101.
782:
uses suction which causes bruising in patients. Scraping (
165:
Bruises are not to be confused with other similar-looking
862:
832:
817:
438:
Gender: More bruising occurs in females due to increased
345:(belly button) with severe abdominal pain suggests acute
731:
Treatment for light bruises is minimal and may include
604:
Damage that causes bruising can also cause bones to be
462:
Forces: Greater striking forces cause greater bruising.
2213:
1374:
1705:
Merriam-Webster's
Collegiate Dictionary: "ecchymosis"
880:
874:
859:
853:
835:
829:
814:
808:
313:
The presence of bruises may be seen in patients with
37:"Black-and-blue" redirects here. For other uses, see
1733:
1505:, P. Blakiston's Son & Co., 1916 et seq.; p. 311
1490:
http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/ecchymosis
1421:
950:
938:
926:
914:
902:
868:
865:
823:
820:
310:can have the adverse effect of causing ecchymosis.
321:disorders, or those who are being treated with an
1595:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/books/NBK1494/
2812:
1147:(17th ed.). McGraw-Hill Professional. 2008.
325:. Unexplained bruising may be a warning sign of
1897:
1207:Lotti, Torello (January 1994). "The Purpuras".
1001:– contusions of both surfaces of the knee joint
636:Severe bruising resulting from yard work injury
793:
589:. For example, impacts to the head can cause
2199:
1883:
1692:
1286:
1097:
695:and sequential degradation of hemoglobin to
72:Bruise on upper leg caused by a blunt object
1698:
1074:Guide to Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
1066:
1064:
944:
932:
920:
908:
896:
2206:
2192:
1890:
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1454:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1407:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1350:
1348:
1346:
1144:Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine
1037: – a bruise underneath the
63:
1631:
1522:
1295:"Shiners-dark circles & swollen eyes"
275:(less than 3 millimetres in diameter) or
1654:
1104:. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 64.
1061:
714:
631:
411:
400:
376:
250:
2460:
1657:"Medical Encyclopedia – Bruise healing"
1599:
1343:
1098:Kapoor, Rajat; Barnes, Katy I. (2013).
919:, 'to extravasate blood', from
14:
2813:
1292:
1091:
349:. Connective tissue disorders such as
333:, or serious medical problems such as
255:A woman's bruising after a severe fall
2187:
1871:
1503:The Practitioner's Medical Dictionary
1249:
1206:
246:
1655:Voorhees, Benjamin W. (2007-08-31).
1358:(8th ed.). Saunders Elsevier. p. 86
1209:International Journal of Dermatology
1070:
640:Increased distress to tissue causes
1677:"WebMD article on bruise treatment"
1528:
723:over a nine-day period caused by a
243:accompanied by bruising elsewhere.
24:
1624:10.1213/01.ANE.0000180769.51576.CD
1368:
1221:10.1111/j.1365-4362.1994.tb01483.x
1077:. B. Jain Publishers. p. 64.
381:Bruise caused by colliding with a
141:, causing localized bleeding that
25:
2847:
1716:
1174:The Journal of Emergency Medicine
1101:Crash Course Paediatrics – E-Book
372:
2560:platelet storage pool deficiency
2512:Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia
1007:– bruising created by excessive
849:
804:
1689:Kotera-Fayer "Die Strigilis" 93
1683:
1669:
1648:
1587:
1556:
1508:
1495:
1482:
1470:"Case Based Pediatrics Chapter"
1415:
1312:
177:disorders and diseases such as
39:Black and Blue (disambiguation)
2279:Activated protein C resistance
1424:Clinical Laboratory Hematology
1243:
1200:
1186:10.1016/j.jemermed.2014.12.023
1165:
1151:
1135:
1118:
222:, which causes damage through
191:. Additionally, although many
133:, the most common cause being
13:
1:
1488:Merriam-Webster Dictionary.
1422:McKenzie, Shirlyn B. (2014).
1054:
666:narrowing of the blood vessel
154:action. Bruises which do not
2373:Trousseau sign of malignancy
1569:. F.A. Davis. Archived from
1130:Dorland's Medical Dictionary
710:
676:, which creates a temporary
627:
7:
2693:Nonthrombocytopenic purpura
2269:Antithrombin III deficiency
1293:Turley, Lois (2004-03-10).
962:
955:, 'juice'. Compare
951:
939:
927:
915:
903:
794:Etymology and pronunciation
473:
10:
2852:
2648:Congenital afibrinogenemia
2552:Glanzmann's thrombasthenia
2030:Retroperitoneal hemorrhage
1612:Anesthesia & Analgesia
1516:"WebMD article on bruises"
1044:Subconjunctival hemorrhage
770:
421:subconjunctival hemorrhage
36:
29:
2764:Gastrointestinal bleeding
2703:
2660:
2581:
2566:Hermansky–Pudlak syndrome
2525:
2467:
2453:
2381:
2343:
2335:Antiphospholipid syndrome
2316:Essential thrombocythemia
2256:
2249:
2226:
2150:
2073:
2040:
1981:
1933:
1910:
1830:
1737:
1538:Singapore Medical Journal
1264:10.1007/s10792-007-9089-y
945:
933:
921:
909:
897:
888:), comes to English from
672:is exposed and initiates
545:Extremely serious bruise
423:after a punch to the face
88:
76:
71:
62:
54:
49:
2821:Dermatologic terminology
2734:Subconjunctival bleeding
2540:Bernard–Soulier syndrome
2503:Upshaw–Schulman syndrome
2477:Thrombocytopenic purpura
2306:Sticky platelet syndrome
1159:"Easy Bruising Symptoms"
652:. The damaged capillary
293:
2724:Intracranial hemorrhage
1377:Robbins basic pathology
1356:Robbins Basic Pathology
365:, bruises accompanying
169:. Such lesions include
32:Bruise (disambiguation)
2638:Factor XIII deficiency
2618:Hypoprothrombinemia/II
2613:von Willebrand disease
2571:Gray platelet syndrome
728:
637:
591:traumatic brain injury
424:
409:
398:
351:Ehlers–Danlos syndrome
256:
209:basilar skull fracture
2633:Factor XII deficiency
2623:Factor VII deficiency
2441:Renal vein thrombosis
2137:Occupational injuries
1529:Lee, AC (June 2008).
1320:"UCSF Purpura Module"
718:
670:von Willebrand factor
635:
415:
404:
380:
254:
145:into the surrounding
58:Contusion, ecchymosis
2389:Deep vein thrombosis
2284:Protein S deficiency
2274:Protein C deficiency
2142:Traumatic amputation
1015:Myocardial contusion
687:from within escaped
583:compartment syndrome
224:physical compression
162:, muscle, or bone.
30:For other uses, see
2628:Factor X deficiency
2517:May–Hegglin anomaly
2294:Prothrombin G20210A
1492:; accessed 1/2/2012
1025:Pulmonary contusion
764:Gate control theory
483:
405:Bruise caused by a
358:for the condition.
207:"), arising from a
160:subcutaneous tissue
2754:Pulmonary hematoma
2661:Signs and symptoms
2436:Pulmonary embolism
2241:Bleeding diathesis
2105:Penetrating trauma
2025:Grey Turner's sign
2015:Subungual hematoma
1831:External resources
1708:, Merriam-Webster.
1017:– bruising of the
989:Cerebral contusion
729:
638:
482:Bruise harm score
481:
425:
410:
399:
257:
247:Signs and symptoms
121:, also known as a
83:Emergency medicine
2808:
2807:
2804:
2803:
2656:
2655:
2643:Dysfibrinogenemia
2527:Platelet function
2449:
2448:
2328:Purpura fulminans
2181:
2180:
1865:
1864:
1729:Bruises in sports
1723:What is a bruise?
1501:Gould, George M.
1364:978-1-4160-2973-1
1111:978-0-7234-3793-2
1084:978-81-8056-526-7
1071:Jain, B. (2004).
999:Kissing contusion
612:or muscles to be
563:
562:
266:internal bleeding
195:schemas treat an
115:
114:
44:Medical condition
16:(Redirected from
2843:
2469:Thrombocytopenia
2465:
2464:
2458:
2457:
2414:Lowenberg's sign
2264:Clotting factors
2254:
2253:
2208:
2201:
2194:
2185:
2184:
2173:Abdominal trauma
2081:Ballistic trauma
1968:Friction blister
1963:Fracture blister
1892:
1885:
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1869:
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1331:
1325:. Archived from
1324:
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1306:
1297:. Archived from
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819:
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556:Critical bruise
523:Moderate bruise
484:
480:
440:subcutaneous fat
264:and more severe
189:thrombocytopenia
67:
47:
46:
21:
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2850:
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2842:
2841:
2840:
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2800:
2749:Hemopericardium
2699:
2652:
2583:Clotting factor
2577:
2521:
2445:
2394:Bancroft's sign
2377:
2368:Virchow's triad
2339:
2289:Factor V Leiden
2245:
2222:
2212:
2182:
2177:
2146:
2069:
2036:
1977:
1973:Sucking blister
1953:Delayed blister
1929:
1906:
1896:
1866:
1861:
1860:
1826:
1825:
1746:
1719:
1714:
1713:
1700:Merriam-Webster
1697:
1693:
1688:
1684:
1675:
1674:
1670:
1661:
1659:
1653:
1649:
1604:
1600:
1592:
1588:
1579:
1577:
1573:
1566:
1564:"betamethasone"
1562:
1561:
1557:
1533:
1527:
1523:
1514:
1513:
1509:
1500:
1496:
1487:
1483:
1474:
1472:
1468:
1467:
1463:
1447:
1446:
1434:
1420:
1416:
1400:
1399:
1387:
1373:
1369:
1353:
1344:
1335:
1333:
1329:
1322:
1318:
1317:
1313:
1304:
1302:
1291:
1287:
1248:
1244:
1205:
1201:
1170:
1166:
1157:
1156:
1152:
1141:
1140:
1136:
1123:
1119:
1112:
1096:
1092:
1085:
1069:
1062:
1057:
965:
852:
848:
807:
803:
796:
773:
713:
689:red blood cells
630:
548:Very dangerous
534:Serious bruise
476:
375:
356:genetic testing
296:
249:
180:cytomegalovirus
125:, is a type of
45:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2849:
2839:
2838:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2806:
2805:
2802:
2801:
2799:
2798:
2797:
2796:
2788:
2787:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2774:Hemoperitoneum
2771:
2766:
2758:
2757:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2738:
2737:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2707:
2705:
2701:
2700:
2698:
2697:
2696:
2695:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2664:
2662:
2658:
2657:
2654:
2653:
2651:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2609:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2587:
2585:
2579:
2578:
2576:
2575:
2574:
2573:
2568:
2556:
2555:
2554:
2544:
2543:
2542:
2531:
2529:
2523:
2522:
2520:
2519:
2514:
2508:
2507:
2506:
2505:
2500:
2490:
2489:
2488:
2486:Evans syndrome
2473:
2471:
2462:
2455:
2451:
2450:
2447:
2446:
2444:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2432:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2419:Peabody's sign
2416:
2411:
2406:
2401:
2396:
2385:
2383:
2379:
2378:
2376:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2349:
2347:
2341:
2340:
2338:
2337:
2332:
2331:
2330:
2320:
2319:
2318:
2313:
2311:Thrombocytosis
2308:
2298:
2297:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2260:
2258:
2251:
2247:
2246:
2244:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2227:
2224:
2223:
2211:
2210:
2203:
2196:
2188:
2179:
2178:
2176:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2154:
2152:
2148:
2147:
2145:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2116:
2111:
2102:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2077:
2075:
2071:
2070:
2068:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2046:
2044:
2038:
2037:
2035:
2034:
2033:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1987:
1985:
1979:
1978:
1976:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1939:
1937:
1931:
1930:
1928:
1927:
1926:
1925:
1914:
1912:
1908:
1907:
1895:
1894:
1887:
1880:
1872:
1863:
1862:
1859:
1858:
1847:
1835:
1834:
1832:
1828:
1827:
1824:
1823:
1812:
1801:
1790:
1771:
1747:
1742:
1741:
1739:
1738:Classification
1732:
1731:
1726:
1718:
1717:External links
1715:
1712:
1711:
1691:
1682:
1668:
1647:
1598:
1586:
1555:
1521:
1507:
1494:
1481:
1461:
1433:978-0133076011
1432:
1414:
1385:
1367:
1342:
1311:
1285:
1258:(6): 379–381.
1252:Int Ophthalmol
1242:
1199:
1164:
1150:
1134:
1117:
1110:
1090:
1083:
1059:
1058:
1056:
1053:
1052:
1051:
1046:
1041:
1032:
1027:– bruising of
1022:
1012:
1002:
996:
991:– bruising of
986:
981:
976:
971:
964:
961:
795:
792:
772:
769:
755:(particularly
712:
709:
629:
626:
561:
560:
559:Risk of death
557:
554:
550:
549:
546:
543:
539:
538:
535:
532:
528:
527:
524:
521:
517:
516:
515:Little damage
513:
510:
506:
505:
502:
499:
495:
494:
491:
490:Severity level
488:
475:
472:
471:
470:
463:
460:
457:
446:
443:
436:
433:
407:sprained ankle
387:extreme sports
374:
373:Size and shape
371:
331:domestic abuse
300:Coagulopathies
295:
292:
248:
245:
113:
112:
90:
86:
85:
80:
74:
73:
69:
68:
60:
59:
56:
52:
51:
43:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2848:
2837:
2836:Medical signs
2834:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2818:
2816:
2795:
2792:
2791:
2789:
2785:
2784:Hematosalpinx
2782:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2761:
2759:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2741:
2739:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2711:
2709:
2708:
2706:
2702:
2694:
2691:
2690:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2665:
2663:
2659:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2593:
2592:
2589:
2588:
2586:
2584:
2580:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2563:
2562:
2561:
2557:
2553:
2550:
2549:
2548:
2545:
2541:
2538:
2537:
2536:
2533:
2532:
2530:
2528:
2524:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2509:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2495:
2494:
2491:
2487:
2484:
2483:
2482:
2478:
2475:
2474:
2472:
2470:
2466:
2463:
2459:
2456:
2452:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2409:Louvel's sign
2407:
2405:
2404:Lisker's sign
2402:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2391:
2390:
2387:
2386:
2384:
2380:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2353:Thrombophilia
2351:
2350:
2348:
2346:
2342:
2336:
2333:
2329:
2326:
2325:
2324:
2321:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2303:
2302:
2299:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2266:
2265:
2262:
2261:
2259:
2255:
2252:
2248:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2228:
2225:
2221:
2217:
2214:Disorders of
2209:
2204:
2202:
2197:
2195:
2190:
2189:
2186:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2155:
2153:
2149:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2127:Chemical burn
2124:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:/superficial/
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2078:
2076:
2072:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2047:
2045:
2043:
2039:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2020:Cullen's sign
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
2000:Battle's sign
1998:
1997:
1996:
1992:
1989:
1988:
1986:
1984:
1980:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1958:Edema blister
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1943:Blood blister
1941:
1940:
1938:
1936:
1932:
1924:
1921:
1920:
1919:
1916:
1915:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1893:
1888:
1886:
1881:
1879:
1874:
1873:
1870:
1857:
1856:article/88153
1853:
1852:
1848:
1846:
1842:
1841:
1837:
1836:
1833:
1829:
1822:
1818:
1817:
1813:
1811:
1807:
1806:
1802:
1800:
1796:
1795:
1791:
1789:
1785:
1781:
1780:
1776:
1772:
1770:
1766:
1762:
1758:
1757:
1753:
1749:
1748:
1745:
1740:
1736:
1730:
1727:
1724:
1721:
1720:
1707:
1706:
1701:
1695:
1686:
1678:
1672:
1658:
1651:
1643:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1618:(1): 313–18.
1617:
1613:
1609:
1602:
1596:
1590:
1576:on 2017-09-08
1572:
1565:
1559:
1551:
1547:
1544:(6): 445–49.
1543:
1539:
1532:
1525:
1517:
1511:
1504:
1498:
1491:
1485:
1471:
1465:
1457:
1451:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1429:
1425:
1418:
1410:
1404:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1386:9780323353175
1382:
1378:
1371:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1351:
1349:
1347:
1332:on 2013-10-02
1328:
1321:
1315:
1301:on 2009-12-12
1300:
1296:
1289:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1246:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1203:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1180:(4): 461–65.
1179:
1175:
1168:
1160:
1154:
1146:
1145:
1138:
1132:
1131:
1126:
1121:
1113:
1107:
1103:
1102:
1094:
1086:
1080:
1076:
1075:
1067:
1065:
1060:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1036:
1033:
1030:
1026:
1023:
1020:
1016:
1013:
1010:
1006:
1003:
1000:
997:
994:
990:
987:
985:
982:
980:
977:
975:
972:
970:
967:
966:
960:
958:
953:
941:
929:
917:
916:ekchymousthai
905:
895:
891:
885:
846:
840:
801:
791:
789:
785:
781:
777:
776:Folk medicine
768:
765:
760:
758:
754:
750:
746:
742:
738:
734:
726:
722:
719:Healing of a
717:
708:
706:
702:
698:
694:
690:
686:
681:
679:
675:
671:
667:
663:
659:
655:
651:
647:
643:
634:
625:
623:
619:
615:
611:
607:
602:
600:
596:
592:
588:
584:
578:
574:
572:
568:
558:
555:
552:
551:
547:
544:
541:
540:
536:
533:
530:
529:
525:
522:
519:
518:
514:
511:
508:
507:
503:
501:Light bruise
500:
497:
496:
492:
489:
486:
485:
479:
468:
464:
461:
458:
455:
451:
447:
444:
441:
437:
434:
431:
430:
429:
422:
418:
414:
408:
403:
396:
395:rollerblading
392:
391:skateboarding
388:
385:, typical of
384:
379:
370:
368:
364:
359:
357:
352:
348:
344:
340:
339:meningoccocal
336:
332:
328:
324:
323:anticoagulant
320:
316:
311:
309:
308:betamethasone
305:
301:
291:
289:
285:
280:
278:
274:
269:
267:
263:
253:
244:
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:
221:
216:
214:
213:neuroblastoma
210:
206:
203:ecchymosis ("
202:
198:
194:
190:
186:
182:
181:
176:
172:
168:
163:
161:
157:
153:
152:immune system
148:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
124:
120:
110:
106:
102:
98:
94:
91:
87:
84:
81:
79:
75:
70:
66:
61:
57:
53:
48:
40:
33:
19:
2794:Hemarthrosis
2672:
2558:
2546:
2534:
2424:Pratt's sign
2236:coagulopathy
2168:Chest trauma
2114:Aerosol burn
2096:Blunt trauma
2005:Raccoon eyes
1982:
1948:Coma blister
1849:
1838:
1814:
1803:
1792:
1773:
1750:
1704:
1694:
1685:
1671:
1660:. Retrieved
1650:
1615:
1611:
1601:
1589:
1578:. Retrieved
1571:the original
1558:
1541:
1537:
1524:
1510:
1502:
1497:
1484:
1473:. Retrieved
1464:
1423:
1417:
1376:
1370:
1355:
1334:. Retrieved
1327:the original
1314:
1303:. Retrieved
1299:the original
1288:
1255:
1251:
1245:
1212:
1208:
1202:
1177:
1173:
1167:
1153:
1142:
1137:
1128:
1120:
1100:
1093:
1073:
969:Blunt trauma
956:
844:
799:
797:
780:Fire cupping
774:
761:
730:
725:wisdom tooth
693:phagocytosis
682:
664:that causes
650:asymptomatic
639:
603:
579:
575:
564:
526:Some damage
512:Mild bruise
477:
426:
360:
347:pancreatitis
312:
304:hemophilia A
297:
281:
270:
258:
228:deceleration
220:blunt trauma
217:
205:raccoon eyes
196:
178:
164:
147:interstitial
143:extravasates
122:
118:
116:
2547:aggregation
2429:Rose's sign
2399:Homans sign
2231:Coagulation
2163:Head injury
2158:Hand injury
1840:MedlinePlus
1215:(1): 1–10.
1125:"contusion"
931:(elided to
910:ἐκχυμοῦσθαι
892:, based on
753:painkillers
745:compression
705:hemosiderin
674:coagulation
654:endothelium
642:capillaries
571:Capillaries
450:Coagulation
428:inflicted.
327:child abuse
319:coagulation
236:coagulation
201:periorbital
193:terminology
137:damaged by
135:capillaries
105:compression
55:Other names
2826:Hematology
2815:Categories
2779:Hematocele
2744:Hemothorax
2719:Hemoptysis
2591:Hemophilia
2363:Thrombosis
2086:Stab wound
1995:Ecchymosis
1805:DiseasesDB
1662:2007-09-09
1580:2020-02-11
1475:2009-01-08
1336:2013-01-13
1305:2009-10-08
1055:References
904:ekchymōsis
845:ecchymoses
800:ecchymosis
727:extraction
697:biliverdin
685:hemoglobin
658:endothelin
595:concussion
567:contracted
537:Dangerous
504:No damage
487:Harm score
448:Diseases:
361:During an
288:arterioles
211:or from a
197:ecchymosis
18:Ecchymosis
2769:Hemobilia
2714:Epistaxis
2301:Platelets
2151:By region
2132:Frostbite
2123:Corrosion
2010:Black eye
1911:Abrasions
1851:eMedicine
1821:125667009
1816:SNOMED CT
1450:cite book
1442:878098857
1403:cite book
1395:960844656
1035:Ship foot
1005:Love-bite
974:Black eye
898:ἐκχύμωσις
890:Neo-Latin
843:; plural
798:The word
749:elevation
721:black eye
711:Treatment
701:bilirubin
656:releases
628:Mechanism
618:ligaments
417:Black eye
367:abrasions
273:petechiae
262:fractures
240:allergies
232:platelets
123:contusion
109:elevation
89:Treatment
78:Specialty
2831:Injuries
2760:abdomen
2683:Petechia
2678:Hematoma
2668:Bleeding
2535:adhesion
2461:By cause
2454:Bleeding
2358:Thrombus
2257:By cause
2250:Clotting
2220:clotting
2216:bleeding
2091:Splinter
1991:Hematoma
1935:Blisters
1923:Avulsion
1918:Abrasion
1904:injuries
1898:General
1725:for kids
1642:16368849
1550:18581014
1272:17534581
1237:43261698
1194:25661311
963:See also
622:sprained
614:strained
474:Severity
467:redheads
454:platelet
389:such as
383:handrail
335:leukemia
315:platelet
302:such as
234:, other
175:platelet
171:petechia
127:hematoma
2729:Hyphema
2704:By site
2688:Purpura
2382:By site
1983:Bruises
1799:D003288
1633:1351323
1229:8112930
1039:toenail
1009:suction
979:Blister
957:enchyma
907:, from
788:strigil
784:gua sha
771:History
662:hormone
610:tendons
363:autopsy
284:venules
277:purpura
185:purpura
183:); and
167:lesions
2790:joint
2740:torso
2673:Bruise
2596:A/VIII
2100:closed
2074:Other:
2060:Spider
2055:Insect
2050:Animal
2042:Biting
1900:wounds
1845:007213
1640:
1630:
1548:
1440:
1430:
1393:
1383:
1362:
1278:
1270:
1235:
1227:
1192:
1108:
1081:
1031:tissue
1021:muscle
995:tissue
952:chymos
943:) and
757:NSAIDs
747:, and
620:to be
606:broken
587:organs
493:Notes
156:blanch
139:trauma
131:tissue
119:bruise
107:, and
50:Bruise
2710:head
2345:Clots
2065:Snake
1810:31998
1769:T14.0
1574:(PDF)
1567:(PDF)
1534:(PDF)
1330:(PDF)
1323:(PDF)
1276:S2CID
1233:S2CID
1049:Welts
1019:heart
993:brain
946:χυμός
894:Greek
646:Nerve
343:navel
294:Cause
2606:C/XI
2601:B/IX
2218:and
2119:Burn
2109:open
1902:and
1794:MeSH
1779:9-CM
1638:PMID
1546:PMID
1456:link
1438:OCLC
1428:ISBN
1409:link
1391:OCLC
1381:ISBN
1360:ISBN
1280:5921
1268:PMID
1225:PMID
1190:PMID
1106:ISBN
1079:ISBN
1029:lung
984:Burn
737:rest
733:RICE
678:clot
660:, a
599:coma
419:and
393:and
226:and
97:rest
93:RICE
2498:TTP
2481:ITP
2323:DIC
1788:924
1784:920
1775:ICD
1765:S90
1761:S00
1752:ICD
1628:PMC
1620:doi
1616:102
1260:doi
1217:doi
1182:doi
1127:at
928:ek-
922:ἐκ-
751:),
741:ice
703:to
699:to
337:or
317:or
286:or
129:of
101:ice
2817::
2493:TM
2479::
1854::
1843::
1819::
1808::
1797::
1782::
1767:,
1759::
1756:10
1702:,
1636:.
1626:.
1614:.
1610:.
1542:49
1540:.
1536:.
1452:}}
1448:{{
1436:.
1405:}}
1401:{{
1389:.
1345:^
1274:.
1266:.
1256:27
1254:.
1231:.
1223:.
1213:33
1211:.
1188:.
1178:48
1176:.
1063:^
949:,
940:e-
937:,
934:ἐ-
925:,
913:,
901:,
878:iː
872:oʊ
847:,
827:oʊ
743:,
739:,
616:,
608:,
597:,
553:5
542:4
531:3
520:2
509:1
498:0
452:,
329:,
215:.
117:A
103:,
99:,
2207:e
2200:t
2193:v
2125:/
2121:/
2107:/
1993:/
1891:e
1884:t
1877:v
1786:-
1777:-
1763:-
1754:-
1744:D
1679:.
1665:.
1644:.
1622::
1583:.
1552:.
1518:.
1478:.
1458:)
1444:.
1411:)
1397:.
1339:.
1308:.
1282:.
1262::
1239:.
1219::
1196:.
1184::
1161:.
1114:.
1087:.
884:/
881:s
875:s
869:m
866:ˈ
863:ɪ
860:k
857:ɛ
854:ˌ
851:/
839:/
836:s
833:ɪ
830:s
824:m
821:ˈ
818:ɪ
815:k
812:ɛ
809:ˌ
806:/
802:(
735:(
442:.
397:.
111:)
95:(
41:.
34:.
20:)
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