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204:, followed shortly by the rest of his family—although not before Lucy Smith was forced to settle with some last-minute creditors. In Palmyra village, Smith Sr. and his oldest sons hired themselves out as common laborers, ran a "cake and beer shop," and peddled refreshments from a cart; Lucy painted cloth coverings for tables and stands. When Smith was fourteen, he was apparently shot at, while returning home from an errand, but was not injured. The bullet missed him, hitting a cow instead, and the perpetrator was not found. In 1820, the family contracted to pay for a 100-acre (40 ha) farm just outside Palmyra in Manchester Township. The Smith family first built a log home, then in 1822, under the supervision of Joseph Smith's oldest brother
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may have belonged to Joseph Sr. Lucy Mack Smith noted in her memoirs that while family members were "trying to win the faculty of Abrac, drawing magic circles or sooth saying," they did not neglect manual labor, "but whilst we worked with our hands we endeavored to remember the service of & the welfare of our souls." Smith's reputation among his
Palmyra neighbors was that of a "nondescript farm boy" who was "lazy and superstitious," and townspeople viewed his family as "treasure-seekers, not eager Christians." Thus, Smith was reared in a family that believed in prophecy and visions, was skeptical of organized religion, and was interested in both folk magic and new religious ideas.
610:
170:
449:, however, were not unusual at the time, though the clergy of many organized religions often resisted the stories. Early prejudice against Smith may have taken place by clergy, but there is no contemporary record of this. The bulk of Smith's persecution seems to have arisen among laity, and not because of his First Vision, but because of his later assertion to have discovered the golden plates in a hill near his home; the statement was widely publicized and ridiculed in local newspapers beginning around 1827.
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101:, whom he married in 1827. Returning with Emma to the hill in 1827, Smith said the angel allowed him to take the plates but forbade him from showing them to anyone except those to whom the angel directed. As news of the plates spread, Smith's former treasure hunting associates sought to share in the proceeds, ransacking places they thought the plates were hidden. Intending to translate the plates himself, Smith moved to Harmony Township to live with his in-laws.
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the chest under the floor boards of his parents' old log home nearby. Later, he said he took the plates out of the chest, left the empty chest under the floor boards, and hid the plates in a barrel of flax, not long before the location of the empty box was discovered and the place ransacked by Smith's former treasure-seeking associates, who had enlisted one of the men's sisters to find that location by looking in her
707:, the angel gave Smith a strict set of "commandments" which he was to follow in order to obtain the plates. Among these requirements, according to Chase, was that Smith must approach the site "dressed in black clothes, and riding a black horse with a switch tail, and demand the book in a certain name, and after obtaining it, he must go directly away, and neither lay it down nor look behind him". Smith's close friend
259:" because it was "repeatedly singed by the fires of revival that swept through the region in the early years of the nineteenth century." Major multi-denominational religious revivals occurred in the Palmyra area in both 1816-17 (when the Smiths were in the process of migrating from Vermont) and in 1824-25. Small denominational revivals and camp meetings occurred during the intervals.
431:"I saw a pillar of light exactly over my head, above the brightness of the sun, which descended gradually until it fell upon me…When the light rested upon me I saw two Personages, whose brightness and glory defy all description, standing above me in the air. One of them spake unto me, calling me by name, and said, pointing to the other, 'This is my Beloved Son. Hear Him!'".
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568:, one of Stowell's friends. There are reports that Smith directed further excavations on Knight's property and at other locations around Colesville. Smith later commented on his working as a treasure hunter: "'Was not Joseph Smith a money digger?' Yes, but it was never a very profitable job for him, as he only got fourteen dollars a month for it."
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their joint venture. Spying once again on the house of Samuel
Lawrence, Smith Sr. determined that a group of ten–twelve of these men, including Lawrence and Willard Chase, had enlisted the talents of a renowned and supposedly talented seer from 60 miles (100 km) away, in an effort to locate where the plates were hidden by means of
1658:, p. 61)"The fact that Joseph twice lifted the revival out of its historical context, pushing it back to 1823, then to 1820, indicates that he considered the revival of 1824-25 important to his genesis as a prophet. It seems evident that his quest for the true church began in 1824-25, not in 1820."
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to obtain money to buy a solid lockable chest in which he said he would put the plates. By then, however, some of Smith's treasure-seeking company had heard that Smith was successful in obtaining the plates, and they wanted what they believed was their cut of the profits from what they saw as part of
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later stated that Smith was "honorably acquitted," the result of the proceeding is unclear, with some claiming he was found guilty, others claiming he was "condemned" but "designedly allowed to escape," and yet others (including the trial note taker) claiming he was "discharged" for lack of evidence.
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Nevertheless, at some point after 1822, Smith withdrew from organized religion. According to his mother, Smith claimed, "I can take my Bible, and go into the woods, and learn more in two hours, than you can learn at meeting in two years, if you should go all the time." Still, Smith seems to have been
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to search for buried treasure. Four witnesses reported that the Smiths used divining rods in the
Palmyra area, and sometime between Joseph Smith's eleventh and thirteenth years, he began "following his father's example in using a divining rod." Magical parchments handed down in the Hyrum Smith family
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Smith refused to allow anyone, including his family, to view the plates directly. Some people, however, were allowed to heft them or feel them through a cloth. At first, he reportedly kept the plates in a chest under the hearth in his parents' home. Fearing it might be discovered, however, Smith hid
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Smith agreed to take the job of assisting
Stowell and Hale, and he and his father worked with the Stowell-Hale team for approximately one month, attempting, according to their contract, to locate "a valuable mine of either Gold or Silver and also...coined money and bars or ingots of Gold or Silver".
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It is unclear who, if anyone, Smith told about his vision prior to his reported discovery of the golden plates in 1823. According to Smith, he told his mother at the time that he had "learned for self that
Presbyterianism is not true"; however, mention of this conversation is omitted from Lucy's own
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near his home, and found the location of the artifacts. There are varying accounts as to how Smith reportedly found the precise location of the golden plates. In 1838, Smith stated that this location was shown to him in a vision while he conversed with Moroni. This conforms to an account by Smith's
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to receive supernatural knowledge. Smith usually practiced crystal gazing by putting a stone at the bottom of a white stovepipe hat, putting his face over the hat to block the light, then divining information from the stone. Smith and his father achieved "something of a mysterious local reputation
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The exact details of the First Vision vary somewhat depending upon who is recounting the story and when. Smith's first account in 1832 dated the vision to 1821 and stated that he saw "a piller of fire light above the brightness of the sun at noon day", and that "the Lord opened the heavens upon me
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Joseph Smith had little formal schooling, but may have attended school briefly in
Palmyra and received instruction in his home. Young Joseph worked on his family farm and perhaps took an occasional odd job or worked for nearby farmers. His mother described him as "much less inclined to the perusal
1953:"When Joseph Smith first began to use his seer or "peep" stone he employed the folklore familiar to rural America. The details of his rituals and incantations are unimportant because they were commonplace, and Joseph gave up money-digging when he was twenty-one for a profession far more exciting."
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Thus, Smith said the angel directed him to return the next year on
September 22, 1824, with the "right person", whom the angel reportedly said was his brother Alvin. However, Alvin died within a few months, and when Smith returned to the hill in 1824, he did not return with the plates. Once again,
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When Smith arrived at the place where the plates were supposed to be, he reportedly took the plates from the stone box they were in and set them down on the ground nearby, looking to see if there were other items in the box that would "be of some pecuniary advantage to him". When he turned around,
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reads, "If any of you lack wisdom, let him ask of God, who giveth to all men liberally, and upbraideth not, and it shall be given him"; William suggested that Smith "ask of God". William also suggested that much of the "religious excitement" in the area was caused by the Rev. George Lane, a "great
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containing a
Christian history of ancient American civilizations. According to Smith, the angel prevented him from taking the plates in 1823, telling him to come back in exactly a year. Smith made annual visits to the hill over the next three years, reporting to his family that he had not yet been
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six inches wide and eight inches long and not quite so thick as common tin. They were filled with engravings, in
Ancient Egyptian characters and bound together in a volume, as the leaves of a book with three rings running through the whole. The volume was something near six inches in thickness, a
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Sunday school as a child, and later as an adolescent, he displayed interest in
Methodism. One of Smith's acquaintances said that Smith had caught "a spark of Methodism" at camp meetings "away down in the woods, on the Vienna road." He even reportedly spoke during some of these meetings, and the
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in Palmyra, and was interested in finding out more. Thus, at Lucy Smith's request, Harris went to the Smith home, heard the story from Smith, and hefted a glass box that Smith said contained the plates. Smith convinced Harris that he had the plates, and that the angel had told him to "quit the
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say that he spoke about the vision with "one of the Methodist preachers, who was very active in the before-mentioned religious excitement". Many have presumed this to be the Rev. Lane, but there is no record of Lane visiting the Palmyra vicinity in 1820. Joseph's brother William was apparently
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Like his father, the younger Smith reportedly had his own set of visions, the first of which occurred in the early 1820s when Smith was in his early teens and is called by Latter Day Saints the First Vision. The first description of this event was not published until 1832, which said the event
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until he was at least eighteen, he was imaginative and could regale the family with "the most amusing recitals" of the life and religion of ancient Native Americans "with as much ease, seemingly, as if he had spent his whole life with them." Smith was variously described as "remarkably quiet,"
1524:, pp. 16) ("his reputation before he organized his church was not that of an adolescent mystic brooding over visions, but of a likable ne'er-do-well who was notorious for tall tales and necromantic arts and who spent his leisure leading a band of idler in digging for buried treasure.");
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also had seven visions between 1811 and 1819, coming at a time when he was "much excited upon the subject of religion." These visions confirmed in his mind the correctness of his refusal to join any organized church and led him to believe that he would be directed in the proper path toward
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Despite the moves and the financial woes, Lucy Smith remembered the period of Joseph Smith's early childhood as "perfectly comfortable both for food and raiment as well as that which is necessary to a respectable appearance in society." Then during the winter of 1812–1813,
1471:, pp. 25–30): "Contemporary diaries, newspaper reports, and later town histories indicate that thousands of early Americans participated in treasure-digging nationwide. A smaller number actually took the lead in practicing various forms of divination and magic." (25)
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with his wife Emma. Leaving Emma in the wagon, where she knelt in prayer, he reportedly walked to the site of the golden plates, retrieved them, and hid them in a fallen tree-top on or near the hill. He also reportedly retrieved the Urim and Thummim, which he showed to
216:", and the house remained uncompleted for a year. By this time Joseph Smith Sr. may have partially abdicated family leadership to Alvin, and in 1825, the Smiths were unable to make their mortgage payments. When their creditor foreclosed, the family persuaded a local
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and being cheated by a business associate, was financially ruined. After he sold the family farm to pay his debts, the Smiths "crossed the boundary dividing independent ownership from tenancy and day labor." In the next fourteen years, the Smiths moved seven times.
515:, a schoolteacher he would later marry in 1827. Isaac Hale, however, disapproved of their relationship and of Smith in general. According to an unsupported account by Hale, Smith attempted to locate the mine by burying his face in a hat containing the
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Years later, one non-Mormon neighbor summed up views of Smith and his family by their Palmyra neighbors by saying, "To tell the truth, there was something about him they could not understand; some way he knew more than they did, and it made them mad."
233:"taciturn," "proverbially good-natured," and "never known to laugh." One acquaintance said Smith had "a jovial, easy, don't-care way about him," and he had an aptitude for debating moral and political issues in a local junior debating club. Biographer
832:. When Emma heard of this, she went to Macedon and informed Smith Jr., who reportedly determined through his Urim and Thummim that the plates were safe, but nevertheless he hurriedly traveled home by horseback. Once home in Palmyra, he then walked to
715:, the angel forbade him to put the plates on the ground until they were under lock and key. He was, however, according to a retelling of an account by Smith Sr., allowed to put down the plates on a napkin he was to bring with him for that purpose.
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Harris had apparently been a close confidant of the Smith family since at least 1826, and he may have heard about Smith's attempts to obtain the plates from the angel even earlier from Smith Sr. He was also a believer in Smith's powers with his
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of the leg. After the typically horrific early nineteenth-century surgery without either anesthetic or antiseptic, Smith eventually recovered, though he used crutches for several years and had a slight limp for the remainder of his life.
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the angel reportedly told Smith that he must return the next year with the "right person", the identity of whom the angel would not say. According to Smith's associate Willard Chase, Smith originally thought this person was to be
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Smith stated that the retelling of his vision story "excited a great deal of prejudice against me among professors of religion, and was the cause of great persecution, which continued to increase". Tales of visions and
538:, on the complaint of Stowell's nephew who accused Smith of being "a disorderly person and an imposter." Court records show that Smith, identified as "The Glass Looker," stood before the court on March 20, 1826, on a
322:. Lucy's account, recorded thirty years after the period in which the visions are said to have occurred, suggests "a tendency to make her husband the predecessor of her son" by echoing passages in the Book of Mormon.
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Smith may have attended school briefly in Palmyra. He later wrote that he was "deprived of the bennifit of an education" and that he had been instructed only in reading, writing, and the ground rules of arithmetic.
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however, the plates were said to have disappeared into the box, which was then closed. When Smith attempted to get the plates back out of the box, the angel hurled him back to the ground with a violent force (
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part of which was sealed. The characters on the unsealed part were small, and beautifully engraved. The whole book exhibited many marks of antiquity in its construction and much skill in the art of engraving.
1932:, pp. 40–41) "The preacher reacted quickly and negatively, not because of the strangeness of the story but because of its familiarity. Subjects of revivals all too often claimed to have seen visions."
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While Smith was working as a treasure hunter, he was also frequently occupied with another more religious matter: acquiring a set of golden plates he said were deposited, along with other artifacts, in a
1977:, pp. 305–306) which reportedly showed him the underground location of another stone near his home, which he located at a depth of about twenty-two feet. According to another story, in either 1819
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published for Smith's church in 1840 stated that after Smith saw the light, "his mind was caught away, from the natural objects with which he was surrounded; and he was enwrapped in a heavenly vision".
747:" himself who worked in Smith's treasure-seeking company in Palmyra, and therefore Smith reportedly took Lawrence to the hill in 1825. At Lawrence's prompting, Smith reportedly ascertained through his
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in 1819 for a large Methodist conference. Joseph and his family could have traveled to sell cake and beer at this event, as they did other events in the Palmyra vicinity, but this is pure speculation.
157:, in Smith's case, the shin bone. Lucy later claimed that she had refused to permit her son's leg to be amputated; in fact, the Smiths had chanced on one of New England's most respected physicians,
768:, his future wife. There is no specific record of Smith seeing the angel in 1826, however, after Joseph and Emma were married on January 18, 1827, Smith returned to Manchester, and as he passed by
1869:, p. 40) "Joseph did tell a Methodist preacher about the First Vision. Newly reborn people customarily talked over their experiences with a clergyman to test the validity of the conversion."
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Joseph Smith's intention was to write the Book of Mormon which he would then publish. To do so, however, he needed an investment of money, and at the time he was penniless. Therefore, Smith sent
772:, he said he was chastised by the angel for not being "engaged enough in the work of the Lord". He was reportedly told that the next annual meeting was his last chance to get the plates and the
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Smith said he had become concerned about religion "at about the age of twelve years," although later he seems to have wondered whether "a Supreme being did exist." Smith apparently attended the
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In an account Smith dictated in 1838 for inclusion in the official church history, he described the First Vision as an appearance of two divine personages sometime during the spring of 1820:
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among adherents. Around this time he, along with other male members of his family, was hired to assist in searching for buried treasure. In 1823, Smith said an angel directed him to a nearby
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and said he removed the plates from their hiding place, and walked back home with the plates wrapped in a linen frock under his arm, suffering a dislocated thumb as he fended off attackers.
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Joseph Smith Sr. confessed in 1834, "I have not always set that example before my family that I ought." Later, Joseph Smith Sr. told Hyrum he had "been out of the way through wine."
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reportedly claimed that he was not told about Moroni's visit until a year after the fact, during which Smith Jr. had been collecting items in preparation for receiving the plates (
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with another seer, traveled to Manchester to hire Smith "on account of having heard that he possessed certain keys, by which he could discern things invisible to the natural eye."
632:
The term 'Urim and Thummim' was not initially used by Smith and his associates prior to around 1832, instead referring to the device as 'interpreters' or 'spectacles'. The words
220:, Lemuel Durfee, to buy the farm and rent it to them. Nevertheless, in 1829, the Smiths and five of their children moved back into the log house, with Hyrum Smith and his wife.
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company of the money-diggers". Convinced, Harris immediately gave Smith $ 50 (equivalent to $ 1,300 in 2023), and committed to sponsor the translation of the plates.
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The plates, according to Smith, were inside a covered stone box. However, Smith stated he was unable to obtain the plates at his first visit. According to an account by
1062:, pp. 25–26). In 1818, the two Josephs and Hyrum Smith worked on a farm owned by one Jeremiah Hurlburt, but the relationship ended with each party suing the other.
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arranged to be in Palmyra for the attempt to retrieve the plates. Because Smith was concerned that Samuel Lawrence, his earlier confidant, might interfere, Smith sent
1973:, p. 199). According to an account of an interview with Joseph Smith Sr., the 14-year-old Joseph borrowed a stone from a person working as a local crystal gazer
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285:
who opposed evangelical religion. According to Lucy Smith, Asael once came to Joseph Smith Sr.'s door after he had attended a Methodist meeting with Lucy and "threw
246:
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got close to their objective, Smith said that an enchantment became so strong that Smith could no longer see it. The failed project disbanded on November 17, 1825.
1152:, p. 42) (noting that Smith's drinking was not excessive for the time and place). Vogel frankly calls Smith Sr.'s difficulty "low self-esteem and alcoholism."
723:). After three failed attempts to retrieve the plates, the angel told him that he could not have them then, because he "had been tempted of the advisary [
696:, though he refers to Smith's guide only as "the personage." However, according to a Palmyra resident Henry Harris, Smith told him he located the plates using his
484:
in the profession—mysterious because there is no record that they ever found anything despite the readiness of some local residents to pay for their efforts."
32:
2150:, p. 3), and his seventeenth birthday would not have been until December 23, 1822. Further possible ambiguity arises because in an 1830 interview,
298:, self-published a book describing a series of heavenly visions and voices he said had led to his conversion to Christianity at the age of seventy-six.
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Joseph Smith's ancestors had an eclectic variety of religious views and affiliations. For instance, Joseph Smith's paternal grandfather, Asael, was a
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Comparative Images: Mormonism and Contemporary Religions as Seen by Village Newspapermen in Western New York and Northeastern Ohio, 1820–1833
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Just days prior to the day Smith said he was to meet with the angel on September 22, 1827, Smith's treasure-seeking associate, Josiah Stowell, and
153:, where the Smiths had recently moved. A number of family members fell ill, and Joseph experienced a common complication whereby typhoid bacteria
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24:
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The money provided by Harris was enough to pay all of Smith's debts in Palmyra, and for him to travel with Emma and all of their belongings to
1896:, p. 68). Dr. Matzko notes that "Oliver Cowdery claimed that Smith had been 'awakened' during a sermon by the Methodist minister George Lane."
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Norwich, Vermont (March 15, 1816), "Excerpt: A Record of Strangers Who are Warned Out of Town, 1813–1818, Norwich Clerk's Office, p. 53", in
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Perego, Ugo A.; Myres, Natalie M.; Woodward, Scott R. (2005). "Reconstructing the Y-Chromosome of Joseph Smith: Genealogical Applications".
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2166:, p. 82)); however, Lucy's history also states that after the appearances of the angel, Joseph had made two annual visits to the hill
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The date of Moroni's first visits is generally taken as 1823. However, Smith's 1832 history (his first written account) dates the visit of
462:
262:
2405:, p. 306), the vessel in which the gold was melted, a rolling machine for gold plates, and three balls of gold as large as a fist (
2823:
2393:, Smith also reportedly discovered at some point that the box, or the ground nearby, contained several other artifacts, including the
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Smith said he had two more encounters with the messenger that night and an additional encounter the next morning, after which he told
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wrote, "He was a gregarious, cheerful, imaginative youth, born to leadership, but hampered by meager education and grinding poverty."
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A Study of the Origins of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in the States of New York and Pennsylvania, 1816–1831
255:, a period of religious excitement in the United States. New York west of the Catskill and Adirondack Mountains became known as the "
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1528:, p. 143) ("In the neighbors' reports, he was a plain rural visionary with little talent save a gift for seeing in a stone.")
1182:, pp. 41–42); Smith also may have been educated at home by his father, who had taught school some winters to make ends meet.
3200:"Interview with the Father of Joseph Smith, the Mormon Prophet, Forty Years Ago. His Account of the Finding of the Sacred Plates"
1989:, p. 163), described as either white and glassy and shaped like a child's foot or "chocolate-colored, somewhat egg-shaped."
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and I saw the Lord and he spake unto me saying Joseph my son thy sins are forgiven thee". Whether Smith regarded this event as a
62:. Smith family members held divergent views about organized religion, believed in visions and prophecies, and engaged in certain
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Orsamus Turner who reported Smith "catching a spark of Methodism on the Vienna road" visited Palmyra only between 1822 and 1828.
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occurred in 1821; however, most accounts date the event to the year 1820. Latter Day Saints believe that the First Vision was a
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700:. In yet another account, the angel required Smith to follow a sequence of landmarks until he arrived at the correct location.
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2980:"The Hill Cumorah, And The Book Of Mormon. The Smith Family, Cowdery, Harris, and Other Old Neighbors—What They Know"
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1829:"At first, Joseph was reluctant to talk about his vision. Most early converts probably never heard about the 1820 vision."
1299:, p. 7). The heightened religious interest increased membership in traditional denominations, but many new sects and
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history, and Joseph never stated that he described the details of the vision to his family in 1820 or soon thereafter. He
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to spy on Lawrence's house the night of September 21 until dark. Late that night, Smith took the horse and carriage of
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Like perhaps thousands of contemporary Americans, the Smith family practiced various forms of folk magic such as using
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into the house and angrily bade him read that until he believed it." Conversely, in 1811 Smith's maternal grandfather,
161:, who "probably alone in American medicine at this time" advocated removal of the dead portion of the bone rather than
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757:. However, Lawrence was apparently not the "right person", because Smith did not obtain the plates in his 1825 visit.
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The Burned-over District: The Social and Intellectual History of Enthusiastic Religion in Western New York, 1800-1850
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By November 1826, Josiah Stowell could no longer afford to continue searching for buried treasure; Smith traveled to
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1985:, p. 240), while the older Smith males were digging a well for a Palmyra neighbor, they found an unusual stone
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200:. The extended Smith clan had already moved west to New York, and in 1817, Joseph Smith Sr. traveled alone to
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Doctrine and Covenants of the Church of the Latter Day Saints: Carefully Selected from the Revelations of God
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and soon thereafter the rest of his family, who believed his story, but generally kept it within the family.
208:, they began building a larger frame house. Alvin died in November 1823, possibly as a result of being given
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revival preacher". Lane is never recorded as having visited Palmyra until 1824, although he visited nearby
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A Interesting Account of Several Remarkable Visions, and of the Late Discovery of Ancient American Records
1752:(According to William, a minister had referred Smith to the scripture and suggested that he "ask of God");
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the next morning. According to Knight, Smith was more fascinated by this artifact than he was the plates.
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that Joseph Sr. would later accept the "pure and undefiled Gospel of the Son of God." According to Lucy,
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The Smiths were a middling farm family, but suffered a fateful loss when Smith Sr., after speculating in
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The Book of Mormon: An Account Written by the Hand of Mormon, Upon Plates Taken from the Plates of Nephi
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877:. When Lucy visited Harris, he had heard about Smith's report to have found golden plates through the
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496:
20:
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Skousen, R. (2010). The Book of Mormon: the earliest text. New Haven: Yale University Press. page xi
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that there was an additional item together with the plates in the box, which Smith later called the
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An Address to All Believers in Christ By A Witness to the Divine Authenticity of the Book of Mormon
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stated it happened when Joseph was eighteen years old, when William himself would have been twelve
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asserts that Smith Sr. was told about Moroni's visit in 1823, the day after Moroni's first visit (
2789:"Awakenings in the Burned-over District: New Light on the Historical Setting of the first Vision"
386:
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corroborates the requirement that Smith was to "take the Book and go right away". According to
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refusal to attend church and later said she had had a dream-vision, which she interpreted as a
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675:(looking south), where Smith said he found the golden plates on the west side, near the peak.
369:). The details of the theophany have varied as the story was retold throughout Smith's life.
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121:. Through modern DNA testing of Smith's relatives, it's likely that the Smith family were of
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unaware of any visions until 1823, although he would have only been nine years old in 1820.
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Meanwhile, during one of Smith's treasure hunting expeditions, he met and fell in love with
19:(December 23, 1805 – June 27, 1844) was an American religious leader and the founder of the
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Biographical Sketches of Joseph Smith the Prophet, and His Progenitors for Many Generations
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to September 22, 1822, a year earlier, although he also states he was seventeen years old (
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for Smith to be held, either during or after the proceedings. Although Smith's associate
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Joseph Smith Jr. dated the vision to when he was "a little over fourteen years of age"
939:
878:
779:
420:
381:
146:
3882:
History of the Pioneer Settlement of Phelps and Gorham's Purchase, and Morris' Reserve
3804:
3707:
3176:
3040:
2788:
587:
on January 18, 1827, after which Joseph and Emma went to live with Smith's parents in
3965:
3945:
3890:
3764:
3740:
3712:
3692:
3636:
3550:
3531:
3523:
A Comprehensive History of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Century I
3475:
3411:
3373:
3345:
3339:
3317:
3215:
3168:
3159:
3153:
3089:
3022:
3002:
2964:
2945:
2907:
2858:
2784:
2745:
1303:
experiments also sprang from the movement in upstate New York including the American
1012:
808:
800:
735:] the Plates to obtain riches and kept not the commandments that I should have".
708:
693:
565:
290:
189:
177:
3112:
613:
Depiction of Angel Moroni's 1823 visit to Joseph Smith as described by Smith in 1838
3925:
3841:
3564:
3489:
3461:
3139:
2151:
1308:
804:
788:
773:
753:
661:
520:
377:
314:
306:
193:
114:
47:
3257:
1136:
3880:
3868:
3850:
3778:
3754:
3506:
3471:
3369:
3359:
3313:
3085:
2941:
2931:
2903:
2854:
2842:
2811:
2159:
862:
817:
765:
712:
577:
512:
302:
196:, where they suffered three seasons of crop failures, the last the result of the
118:
110:
58:" of western New York, an area repeatedly swept by religious revivals during the
51:
43:
3412:"Reverend George Lane—Good "Gifts", Much "Grace", and Marked "Usefulness""
1123:
Alvin Smith's death remains mysterious. Lucy thought it the result of a dose of
3997:
3864:
3680:
3622:
3172:
3108:
2998:
2893:
2737:
2398:
667:
654:
553:
488:
126:
3806:
William Smith on Mormonism: A True Account of the Origin of the Book of Mormon
3245:
2963:. Very Short Introductions. Vol. 183. New York: Oxford University Press.
4041:
3993:
3845:
3656:
3597:
3502:
1712:, vol. 1, ch. 1, p. 7), which would have been 1820. However, Smith's brother
1300:
1102:. The log house was built just outside their property in the town of Palmyra.
784:
704:
639:
600:
539:
396:
301:
Smith's parents also experienced visions. Before Joseph was born, his mother
228:
and deep study." Lucy Smith also noted that though he never read through the
213:
154:
142:
86:
63:
3677:"History of the Church, Ms. A–1 (LDS Church Archives, Salt Lake City)"
869:, a local landowner said at the time to be worth about $ 8,000 to $ 10,000.
4019:
3736:
3688:
3632:
3587:
3512:
3492:(2006), "Joseph Smith's Experience of a Methodist 'Camp-Meeting' in 1820",
1721:
1132:
604:
403:, completed in 1913 by an unknown artist (Museum of Church History and Art)
400:
355:
338:
326:
295:
286:
282:
274:
122:
78:
16:
3664:
3626:
3391:
511:(a relative of William Hale), and fell in love with Isaac Hale's daughter
3810:
3446:
3419:
3184:
3120:
2796:
2770:
543:
234:
125:
descent originally. Smith carried the Y-DNA marker R-M222, a subclade of
3937:
3279:(2007), "The Encounter of the Young Joseph Smith with Presbyterianism",
943:
346:
significantly influenced by the interdenominational revival of 1824-25.
3676:
3149:
2872:
2763:"Circumstantial Confirmation Of the first Vision Through Reminiscences"
1877:
1875:
839:
According to Smith, the plates "had the appearance of gold", and were:
829:
643:
508:
476:
417:
225:
162:
94:
3953:
3929:
3904:
3792:
3305:
2846:
647:
446:
362:
319:
271:
267:
224:
of books than any of the rest of the children, but far more given to
129:
found almost entirely in people of Northwestern Irish descent today.
74:
67:
3846:"One of the Three Witnesses: Incidents in the Life of Martin Harris"
3113:"Joseph Smith and the 1826 Trial: New Evidence and New Difficulties"
1872:
1836:
1291:(Waco: Baylor University Press, 2004), 112; Michael McClymond, ed.,
1127:, or calomel, given for "bilious fever" after he ate green turnips.
744:
642:
which describe the use of "the Urim and the Thummim" as a means for
576:
Because Smith had been unable to gain Isaac Hale's approval, he and
3601:
548:
310:
70:, but he was generally disillusioned with the churches of his day.
3393:
A Book of Commandments, for the Government of the Church of Christ
2167:
1304:
833:
812:
769:
688:
680:
672:
619:
472:
133:
82:
959:, pp. 18–19). Two of the Smiths' children died in infancy.
823:
Over the next few days, Smith took a well-digging job in nearby
650:
217:
2923:
The Refiner's Fire: The Making of Mormon Cosmology, 1644–1844
626:
580:
229:
526:
342:
acquaintance described Smith as a "very passable exhorter."
1720:, p. 6). For a discussion of these dating issues, see
3654:
3508:
History of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
3494:
Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought. Dialogue Paperless.
1670:, pp. 35, 38) (placing the First Vision around 1820)
856:
731:
725:
467:
Cunning folk traditions and the Latter Day Saint movement
366:
247:
Cunning Folk Traditions and the Latter Day Saint Movement
66:
practices typical of the era. Smith briefly investigated
376:, the First Vision was prompted in part by a reading of
3909:"The Locations of Joseph Smith's Early Treasure Quests"
1007:(1st ed.). Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday. pp.
760:
Later, Smith reportedly determined by looking into his
3177:"Joseph Knight's Recollection of Early Mormon History"
499:, who had been searching for a lost Spanish mine near
2742:
One Nation Under Gods: A History of the Mormon Church
2174:, p. 85), which Lucy incorrectly dated to 1824 (
1993:, 1:129). Smith then used this stone as a seer stone.
625:
In Smith's own account dated 1838, he stated that an
2517:
2515:
929:
679:Thus, on September 22, 1823, a day listed in local
534:In 1826 Smith was arrested and brought to court in
39:covers his life from his birth to the end of 1827.
3957:
2845:(March 27, 1876), "Letter to Emma S. Pilgrim", in
2502:
2500:
2358:
2356:
887:Harmony Township, Susquehanna County, Pennsylvania
501:Harmony Township, Susquehanna County, Pennsylvania
99:Harmony Township, Susquehanna County, Pennsylvania
3547:Mormonism: The Story of a New Religious Tradition
2899:No Man Knows My History: The Life of Joseph Smith
2431:
2429:
2427:
372:According to accounts by Joseph and his brother,
4039:
3303:
2512:
2255:
2253:
2251:
2249:
2247:
2245:
1338:
889:. In early October 1827, they moved to Harmony.
783:An 1893 engraving of Joseph Smith receiving the
629:visited him on the night of September 21, 1823.
416:by a physical being has been debated, because a
73:Around 1820 Smith is said to have experienced a
2877:"Mormonism—No. II (Letter to the editor)"
2497:
2353:
1692:
1690:
1688:
1350:
594:
25:the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
3330:
2608:
2606:
2424:
2006:
1316:
1295:(Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 2007), I, 63;
1183:
3230:Lewis, Joseph; Lewis, Hiel (April 30, 1879),
2242:
1293:Encyclopedia of Religious Revivals in America
2824:"Archaeological Work at the Smith Log House"
1685:
1131:, p. 46). Alvin Smith may have died of
463:Joseph Smith and the criminal justice system
54:. By 1817, Smith's family had moved to the "
3708:"Church History [Wentworth Letter]"
3220:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
2603:
1531:
471:From about 1819, Smith regularly practiced
23:whose current followers include members of
3674:
3285:, vol. 40, no. 3, pp. 68–84
3229:
1911:
1362:
1086:, pp. 32–34). Manchester was part of
365:(a personal and direct communication from
3840:
3669:, Kirtland, Ohio: F. G. Williams & Co
3549:. Chicago: University of Illinois Press.
3341:Mormon America: The Power and the Promise
3045:Latter Day Saints' Messenger and Advocate
3027:Latter Day Saints' Messenger and Advocate
3008:Latter Day Saints' Messenger and Advocate
1323:(Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1950).
188:In 1814 the Smiths moved back across the
4048:History of the Latter Day Saint movement
3675:Smith, Joseph; et al. (1838–1842),
3467:Early Mormonism and the Magic World View
3247:A Narraitve of the Life of Solomon Mack
3133:
2757:
2170:before the 1823 death of her son Alvin (
1789:
778:
666:
608:
571:
525:
391:
261:
168:
3992:
3964:, Salt Lake City, UT: Signature Books,
3519:
3501:
3038:
3020:
2997:
2958:
2930:
2925:, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
2841:
2783:
2236:
2224:
2196:
2130:
2090:
1990:
1929:
1881:
1866:
1842:
1830:
1813:
1753:
1737:
1709:
1679:
1667:
1623:
1586:
1573:
1549:
1537:
1525:
1517:
1505:
1492:
1464:
1452:
1440:
1420:
1404:
1392:
1379:
1344:
1332:
1259:
1227:
1195:
1179:
1165:
1149:
1128:
1083:
1055:
1043:
984:
972:
956:
240:
113:, the fifth of eleven children born to
46:, the fifth of eleven children born to
4040:
3878:
3870:Origin, Rise and Progress of Mormonism
3863:
3851:The Latter Day Saints' Millennial Star
3586:
3544:
3432:
3409:
3386:
3358:
3290:
3275:
3255:
3197:
3167:
3056:
2920:
2892:
2871:
2809:
2736:
2708:
2696:
2684:
2593:
2565:
2521:
2491:
2475:
2447:
2435:
2402:
2362:
2347:
2319:
2283:
2259:
2155:
2118:
2078:
1994:
1986:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1966:
1954:
1893:
1817:
1777:
1733:
1643:
1598:
1561:
1521:
1356:
1296:
1275:
1263:
1255:
1239:
904:
857:Move to Harmony Township, Pennsylvania
3960:Joseph Smith: The Making of a Prophet
3952:
3917:Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought
3903:
3817:
3799:
3777:
3753:
3732:Teachings of the Prophet Joseph Smith
3725:
3705:
3619:"History of the Life of Joseph Smith"
3616:
3563:
3488:
3460:
3445:
3344:, San Francisco: HarperSanFrancisco,
3282:Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought
3238:, vol. 24, no. 5, p. 1
2821:
2720:
2672:
2636:
2624:
2612:
2597:
2577:
2561:
2545:
2533:
2506:
2463:
2451:
2418:
2343:
2331:
2307:
2212:
2208:
2175:
2171:
2163:
2147:
2114:
2102:
2066:
2018:
1917:
1905:
1854:
1801:
1765:
1749:
1717:
1696:
1655:
1639:
1627:
1611:
1480:
1468:
1436:
1424:
1368:
1319:, pp. 20–21); Whitney R. Cross,
1243:
1223:
1211:
1207:
1153:
1111:
1099:
1071:
1059:
1031:
988:
3978:
3243:
3148:
3143:, New York: Twelve, pp. 161–168
3107:
3077:
2977:
2961:Mormonism: A Very Short Introduction
2660:
2648:
2589:
2557:
2487:
2406:
2386:
2374:
2295:
2271:
2054:
2042:
2030:
1982:
1941:
1408:
1000:
960:
546:charge, and that the judge issued a
33:other Latter Day Saint denominations
4002:, Richmond, Missouri: David Whitmer
3365:An Insider's View of Mormon Origins
2389:, p. 243). In addition to the
456:
85:where he said was buried a book of
13:
3455:, Edinburgh: Ballantyne and Hughes
1439:, pp. 56, 58–59, 70–72, 74);
907:"DNA shows Joseph Smith was Irish"
251:Smith grew to maturity during the
14:
4084:
3685:Personal Writings of Joseph Smith
3628:Personal Writings of Joseph Smith
2937:Joseph Smith: Rough Stone Rolling
905:Groote, Michael De (2008-08-08).
3655:Smith, Joseph; Cowdery, Oliver;
2714:
2702:
2690:
2678:
2666:
2654:
2642:
2630:
2618:
2583:
2571:
2551:
2539:
2527:
2481:
2469:
2457:
2441:
2412:
2380:
479:in which a "seer" looked into a
3706:Smith, Joseph (March 1, 1842),
3569:"last Testimony of Sister Emma"
3511:, vol. 1, Salt Lake City:
3316:(published 1996), p. 666,
2978:Cobb, James T. (June 1, 1881),
2959:Bushman, Richard Lyman (2008).
2368:
2337:
2325:
2313:
2301:
2289:
2277:
2265:
2230:
2218:
2202:
2190:
2181:
2136:
2124:
2108:
2096:
2084:
2072:
2060:
2048:
2036:
2024:
2012:
2000:
1960:
1947:
1935:
1923:
1899:
1887:
1860:
1848:
1823:
1807:
1795:
1783:
1771:
1759:
1743:
1727:
1702:
1673:
1661:
1649:
1633:
1617:
1604:
1592:
1579:
1567:
1555:
1543:
1511:
1498:
1486:
1474:
1458:
1446:
1430:
1414:
1398:
1385:
1373:
1326:
1281:
1269:
1249:
1233:
1217:
1201:
1189:
1171:
1159:
1142:
1117:
1105:
1093:
1077:
1065:
687:, Smith said that he went to a
564:, for a few months to work for
349:
3528:Brigham Young University Press
3081:Joseph Smith: The First Mormon
2822:Berge, Dale L. (August 1985),
1289:Encyclopedia of Evangelicalism
1049:
1037:
1025:
1004:Joseph Smith: The First Mormon
994:
978:
966:
950:
923:
898:
1:
3823:"The Old Soldier's Testimony"
2810:Benton, Josiah Henry (1911),
2729:
277:in 1819 (Library of Congress)
3763:, Liverpool: S.W. Richards,
3520:Roberts, B. H., ed. (1930),
3256:Mather, Frederic G. (1880),
1135:, hastened by the laxative.
764:that the "right person" was
638:derive from passages in the
595:Moroni and the golden plates
149:, including the area around
104:
90:allowed to take the plates.
7:
3985:The Salt Lake Daily Tribune
3979:Wade, B. (April 23, 1880),
2007:Ostling & Ostling (1999
1317:Ostling & Ostling (1999
1184:Ostling & Ostling (1999
729:] and saught [
491:, a well-to-do farmer from
10:
4089:
3987:, vol. 19, no. 8
3291:Norton, Walter A. (1991),
2902:(2nd ed.), New York:
2813:Warning Out in New England
2117:, p. 120); Quoted in
1258:, p. 214); Quoted in
598:
460:
353:
305:, prayed in a grove about
244:
37:early life of Joseph Smith
4058:Early lives by individual
4026:
4017:
4011:
3981:"An Interesting Document"
3433:Porter, Larry C. (1971),
3410:Porter, Larry C. (1969),
3258:"Early Days of Mormonism"
2744:, Thunder's Mouth Press,
1642:, p. 90); Quoted in
932:Journal of Mormon History
497:Chenango County, New York
184:, c. 1907. (LDS Archives)
21:Latter Day Saint movement
3879:Turner, Orsamus (1852),
3198:Lapham, Fayette (1870),
3192:(1) (published 1976): 35
3062:"Mormonism—No. II"
3039:Cowdery, Oliver (1835),
3021:Cowdery, Oliver (1834),
2921:Brooke, John L. (1994),
1816:, vol. 1, ch. 1, p. 5);
892:
174:George Edward Anderson's
3873:, New York: D. Appleton
3784:History of Joseph Smith
3250:, Windsor: Solomon Mack
2759:Anderson, Richard Lloyd
2239:, vol. 1, ch. 2, p. 13)
2227:, vol. 1, ch. 2, p. 15)
2199:, vol. 1, ch. 2, p. 14)
1262:, pp. 37–38), and
3727:Smith, Joseph Fielding
3661:Williams, Frederick G.
3617:Smith, Joseph (1832),
3437:, Ph.D. dissertation,
3310:Early Mormon Documents
3295:, Ph.D. dissertation,
3244:Mack, Solomon (1811),
2932:Bushman, Richard Lyman
2851:Early Mormon Documents
2785:Backman, Milton V. Jr.
1981:, p. 19) or 1822
1884:, vol. 1, ch. 1, p. 6)
1845:, vol. 1, ch. 1, p. 5)
1335:, pp. 36–37, 46).
846:
796:
676:
614:
531:
507:Smith boarded with an
433:
404:
278:
253:Second Great Awakening
185:
151:Lebanon, New Hampshire
60:Second Great Awakening
3596:, Palmyra, New York:
3263:Lippincott's Magazine
3135:Hitchens, Christopher
2875:(October 20, 1831a),
2816:, Boston: W.B. Clarke
2105:, pp. 227, 229).
841:
782:
741:Samuel Tyler Lawrence
671:An 1841 engraving of
670:
612:
572:Marriage to Emma Hale
529:
429:
399:depiction of Smith's
395:
265:
198:Year Without a Summer
172:
3789:Salt Lake City, Utah
3545:Shipps, Jan (1985).
3402:William Wines Phelps
3078:Hill, Donna (1999),
2596:, pp. 169–70);
2564:, pp. 104–06);
2548:, pp. 103–104).
2322:, pp. 305–306).
1001:Hill, Donna (1977).
589:Manchester, New York
562:Colesville, New York
536:Bainbridge, New York
257:Burned-over district
241:Religious background
182:Manchester, New York
56:burned-over district
4063:Angelic apparitions
3887:Rochester, New York
3590:(March 26, 1830b),
3567:(October 1, 1879),
3204:Historical Magazine
2843:Bidamon, Emma Smith
2699:, pp. 168–69).
2687:, pp. 167–68).
2627:, pp. 107–09).
2211:, pp. 83–84);
2045:, pp. 262–266)
1313:John Humphrey Noyes
1242:, pp. 16–17);
1137:Joseph Smith Papers
1125:Mercury(I) chloride
1114:, pp. 53, 68.)
542:for an unspecified
77:, now known as his
29:Community of Christ
3889:: William Alling,
3828:The Saints' Herald
3735:, Salt Lake City:
3691:(published 2002),
3687:, Salt Lake City:
3635:(published 2002),
3631:, Salt Lake City:
3574:The Saints' Herald
3368:, Salt Lake City:
3169:Knight, Joseph Sr.
3155:Mormonism Unvailed
3084:, Salt Lake City:
2985:The Saints' Herald
2857:(published 1996),
2310:, pp. 85–86).
1552:, pp. 36–38).
1520:, pp. 35–36);
1427:, pp. 55–56).
1407:, pp. 25–26);
1214:, pp. 84–85).
1046:, pp. 27–28).
1034:, pp. 19–20).
991:, pp. 16–17).
987:, pp. 18–19);
975:, pp. 18–19).
797:
677:
615:
532:
519:; however, as the
405:
382:King James Version
380:1:5, which in the
279:
186:
176:photograph of the
147:Connecticut Valley
109:Smith was born in
42:Smith was born in
4036:
4035:
4027:Succeeded by
3842:Stevenson, Edward
3770:978-1-4254-8383-8
3713:Times and Seasons
3604:on April 13, 2021
3565:Smith, Joseph III
3490:Quinn, D. Michael
3462:Quinn, D. Michael
3206:, Second series,
3162:: Telegraph Press
3160:Painesville, Ohio
3150:Howe, Eber Dudley
3066:Tiffany's Monthly
2970:978-0-19-531030-6
2215:, pp. 9–10).
2121:, pp. 20–21)
1820:, pp. 21–22)
1540:, pp. 36–37)
963:, pp. 32–35)
809:Joseph Knight Sr.
801:Joseph Knight Sr.
709:Joseph Knight Sr.
694:Joseph Knight Sr.
566:Joseph Knight Sr.
202:Palmyra, New York
190:Connecticut River
178:Smith Family Farm
145:struck along the
4080:
4012:Preceded by
4009:
4008:
4003:
3988:
3974:
3963:
3948:
3930:10.2307/45225965
3913:
3899:
3874:
3859:
3836:
3813:
3809:, Lamoni, Iowa:
3795:
3779:Smith, Lucy Mack
3773:
3755:Smith, Lucy Mack
3749:
3721:
3701:
3670:
3650:
3645:, archived from
3612:
3611:
3609:
3600:, archived from
3582:
3560:
3540:
3515:
3497:
3484:
3456:
3441:
3428:
3416:
3405:
3382:
3360:Palmer, Grant H.
3354:
3336:Ostling, Joan K.
3332:Ostling, Richard
3326:
3299:
3286:
3271:
3251:
3239:
3232:"Mormon History"
3225:
3219:
3211:
3193:
3181:
3163:
3144:
3140:god is not Great
3129:
3117:
3103:
3102:on July 23, 2011
3098:, archived from
3073:
3052:
3034:
3016:
2993:
2974:
2954:
2926:
2916:
2888:
2867:
2837:
2817:
2805:
2793:
2779:
2767:
2754:
2724:
2718:
2712:
2706:
2700:
2694:
2688:
2682:
2676:
2670:
2664:
2663:, pp. 255).
2658:
2652:
2646:
2640:
2634:
2628:
2622:
2616:
2610:
2601:
2592:, p. 264);
2587:
2581:
2575:
2569:
2560:, p. 246);
2555:
2549:
2543:
2537:
2531:
2525:
2519:
2510:
2504:
2495:
2490:, p. 246);
2485:
2479:
2473:
2467:
2461:
2455:
2445:
2439:
2433:
2422:
2416:
2410:
2391:Urim and Thummim
2384:
2378:
2372:
2366:
2360:
2351:
2341:
2335:
2329:
2323:
2317:
2311:
2305:
2299:
2293:
2287:
2281:
2275:
2269:
2263:
2257:
2240:
2234:
2228:
2222:
2216:
2206:
2200:
2194:
2188:
2185:
2179:
2158:, p. 305).
2152:Joseph Smith Sr.
2140:
2134:
2128:
2122:
2112:
2106:
2100:
2094:
2088:
2082:
2076:
2070:
2064:
2058:
2052:
2046:
2040:
2034:
2028:
2022:
2016:
2010:
2004:
1998:
1969:, p. 164);
1964:
1958:
1951:
1945:
1939:
1933:
1927:
1921:
1915:
1909:
1908:, pp. 8–9).
1903:
1897:
1891:
1885:
1879:
1870:
1864:
1858:
1852:
1846:
1840:
1834:
1827:
1821:
1811:
1805:
1799:
1793:
1787:
1781:
1775:
1769:
1763:
1757:
1747:
1741:
1731:
1725:
1706:
1700:
1694:
1683:
1677:
1671:
1665:
1659:
1653:
1647:
1637:
1631:
1626:, pp. 38);
1621:
1615:
1608:
1602:
1596:
1590:
1583:
1577:
1571:
1565:
1559:
1553:
1547:
1541:
1535:
1529:
1515:
1509:
1502:
1496:
1490:
1484:
1478:
1472:
1462:
1456:
1450:
1444:
1434:
1428:
1418:
1412:
1402:
1396:
1389:
1383:
1377:
1371:
1366:
1360:
1354:
1348:
1342:
1336:
1330:
1324:
1309:Oneida Community
1287:Randall Balmer,
1285:
1279:
1273:
1267:
1253:
1247:
1237:
1231:
1221:
1215:
1205:
1199:
1193:
1187:
1175:
1169:
1163:
1157:
1146:
1140:
1121:
1115:
1109:
1103:
1097:
1091:
1081:
1075:
1069:
1063:
1053:
1047:
1041:
1035:
1029:
1023:
1022:
998:
992:
982:
976:
970:
964:
954:
948:
947:
927:
921:
920:
918:
917:
902:
789:Urim and Thummim
774:Urim and Thummim
754:Urim and Thummim
635:Urim and Thummim
585:South Bainbridge
521:treasure hunters
493:South Bainbridge
457:Treasure hunting
412:or as an actual
315:Joseph Smith Sr.
194:Norwich, Vermont
115:Joseph Smith Sr.
4088:
4087:
4083:
4082:
4081:
4079:
4078:
4077:
4068:1805 beginnings
4038:
4037:
4032:
4023:
4015:
4007:
3972:
3911:
3897:
3865:Tucker, Pomeroy
3771:
3747:
3699:
3643:
3607:
3605:
3557:
3538:
3482:
3472:Signature Books
3470:(2d ed.),
3414:
3380:
3370:Signature Books
3352:
3324:
3314:Signature Books
3312:, vol. 1,
3213:
3212:
3179:
3115:
3109:Hill, Marvin S.
3096:
3086:Signature Books
2999:Cowdery, Oliver
2971:
2952:
2914:
2894:Brodie, Fawn M.
2865:
2855:Signature Books
2853:, vol. 1,
2791:
2765:
2752:
2738:Abanes, Richard
2732:
2727:
2723:, p. 113).
2719:
2715:
2711:, p. 169).
2707:
2703:
2695:
2691:
2683:
2679:
2675:, p. 109).
2671:
2667:
2659:
2655:
2651:, p. 260).
2647:
2643:
2639:, p. 110).
2635:
2631:
2623:
2619:
2611:
2604:
2588:
2584:
2576:
2572:
2568:, p. 166).
2556:
2552:
2544:
2540:
2536:, p. 102).
2532:
2528:
2524:, p. 167).
2520:
2513:
2509:, p. 101).
2505:
2498:
2494:, p. 165).
2486:
2482:
2478:, p. 164).
2474:
2470:
2466:, p. 100).
2462:
2458:
2446:
2442:
2434:
2425:
2417:
2413:
2409:, p. 253).
2385:
2381:
2377:, p. 243).
2373:
2369:
2365:, p. 164).
2361:
2354:
2350:, p. 305).
2346:, p. 86);
2342:
2338:
2330:
2326:
2318:
2314:
2306:
2302:
2298:, p. 242).
2294:
2290:
2286:, p. 305).
2282:
2278:
2274:, p. 252).
2270:
2266:
2258:
2243:
2235:
2231:
2223:
2219:
2207:
2203:
2195:
2191:
2186:
2182:
2160:Lucy Mack Smith
2141:
2137:
2129:
2125:
2113:
2109:
2101:
2097:
2093:, p. 200).
2089:
2085:
2081:, pp. 16).
2077:
2073:
2069:, pp. 81).
2065:
2061:
2057:, p. 262).
2053:
2049:
2041:
2037:
2029:
2025:
2017:
2013:
2005:
2001:
1965:
1961:
1952:
1948:
1940:
1936:
1928:
1924:
1916:
1912:
1904:
1900:
1892:
1888:
1880:
1873:
1865:
1861:
1853:
1849:
1841:
1837:
1828:
1824:
1812:
1808:
1800:
1796:
1788:
1784:
1776:
1772:
1764:
1760:
1748:
1744:
1736:, p. 24);
1732:
1728:
1707:
1703:
1695:
1686:
1678:
1674:
1666:
1662:
1654:
1650:
1638:
1634:
1622:
1618:
1609:
1605:
1597:
1593:
1584:
1580:
1572:
1568:
1560:
1556:
1548:
1544:
1536:
1532:
1516:
1512:
1508:, pp. 50).
1503:
1499:
1491:
1487:
1479:
1475:
1467:, p. 50);
1463:
1459:
1451:
1447:
1435:
1431:
1423:, p. 23);
1419:
1415:
1403:
1399:
1390:
1386:
1378:
1374:
1367:
1363:
1355:
1351:
1343:
1339:
1331:
1327:
1286:
1282:
1274:
1270:
1254:
1250:
1238:
1234:
1226:, p. 73);
1222:
1218:
1210:, p. 27);
1206:
1202:
1194:
1190:
1176:
1172:
1164:
1160:
1147:
1143:
1122:
1118:
1110:
1106:
1098:
1094:
1082:
1078:
1070:
1066:
1054:
1050:
1042:
1038:
1030:
1026:
1019:
999:
995:
983:
979:
971:
967:
955:
951:
928:
924:
915:
913:
911:DeseretNews.com
903:
899:
895:
865:to the home of
859:
766:Emma Hale Smith
622:near his home.
607:
599:Main articles:
597:
578:Emma Hale Smith
574:
530:Emma Hale Smith
469:
459:
358:
352:
249:
243:
119:Lucy Mack Smith
111:Sharon, Vermont
107:
52:Lucy Mack Smith
44:Sharon, Vermont
12:
11:
5:
4086:
4076:
4075:
4070:
4065:
4060:
4055:
4050:
4034:
4033:
4028:
4025:
4016:
4013:
4006:
4005:
3994:Whitmer, David
3990:
3976:
3970:
3950:
3924:(3): 197–231,
3901:
3895:
3876:
3861:
3858:: 78–79, 86–87
3838:
3819:Smith, William
3815:
3801:Smith, William
3797:
3775:
3769:
3751:
3745:
3723:
3703:
3697:
3681:Jessee, Dean C
3672:
3657:Rigdon, Sidney
3652:
3641:
3623:Jessee, Dean C
3614:
3584:
3561:
3555:
3542:
3536:
3517:
3505:, ed. (1902),
3503:Roberts, B. H.
3499:
3486:
3480:
3458:
3443:
3430:
3407:
3390:, ed. (1833),
3384:
3378:
3356:
3350:
3328:
3322:
3301:
3288:
3273:
3270:(152): 198–211
3253:
3241:
3227:
3195:
3165:
3146:
3131:
3105:
3094:
3075:
3058:Harris, Martin
3054:
3036:
3018:
2995:
2975:
2969:
2956:
2950:
2928:
2918:
2912:
2890:
2869:
2863:
2839:
2819:
2807:
2781:
2755:
2750:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2725:
2713:
2701:
2689:
2677:
2665:
2653:
2641:
2629:
2617:
2602:
2582:
2570:
2550:
2538:
2526:
2511:
2496:
2480:
2468:
2456:
2454:, p. 99).
2450:, p. 3);
2440:
2423:
2421:, p. 99).
2411:
2399:sword of Laban
2379:
2367:
2352:
2336:
2334:, p. 85).
2324:
2312:
2300:
2288:
2276:
2264:
2241:
2229:
2217:
2201:
2189:
2180:
2178:, p. 87).
2135:
2133:, p. 17).
2123:
2107:
2095:
2083:
2071:
2059:
2047:
2035:
2023:
2021:, p. 69).
2011:
2009:, p. 25).
1999:
1997:, p. 20).
1959:
1946:
1934:
1922:
1910:
1898:
1886:
1871:
1859:
1857:, p. 77).
1847:
1835:
1822:
1806:
1794:
1790:Anderson (1969
1782:
1780:, p. 330)
1770:
1758:
1742:
1726:
1701:
1684:
1672:
1660:
1648:
1646:, p. 26).
1632:
1630:, p. 61).
1616:
1614:, p. 59).
1603:
1591:
1578:
1566:
1564:, p. 70).
1554:
1542:
1530:
1510:
1497:
1495:, pp. 50)
1485:
1483:, p. 35).
1473:
1457:
1445:
1429:
1413:
1411:, p. 25).
1397:
1395:, p. 25).
1384:
1382:, p. 26).
1372:
1361:
1359:, p. 255)
1349:
1347:, p. 309)
1337:
1325:
1280:
1278:, p. 18).
1268:
1266:, p. 26).
1248:
1246:, p. 27).
1232:
1230:, p. 35).
1216:
1200:
1198:, p. 34).
1188:
1186:, p. 23).
1170:
1168:, p. 47).
1158:
1156:, p. xx).
1141:
1116:
1104:
1092:
1076:
1074:, p. 76).
1064:
1058:, p. 31);
1048:
1036:
1024:
1017:
993:
977:
965:
949:
922:
896:
894:
891:
858:
855:
713:Smith's mother
689:prominent hill
685:autumn equinox
620:prominent hill
596:
593:
573:
570:
554:Oliver Cowdery
489:Josiah Stowell
487:In late 1825,
458:
455:
354:Main article:
351:
348:
242:
239:
127:Haplogroup R1b
106:
103:
64:folk religious
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4085:
4074:
4071:
4069:
4066:
4064:
4061:
4059:
4056:
4054:
4051:
4049:
4046:
4045:
4043:
4031:
4022:
4021:
4010:
4001:
4000:
3995:
3991:
3986:
3982:
3977:
3973:
3971:1-56085-179-1
3967:
3962:
3961:
3955:
3951:
3947:
3943:
3939:
3935:
3931:
3927:
3923:
3919:
3918:
3910:
3906:
3902:
3898:
3896:9781404752023
3892:
3888:
3884:
3883:
3877:
3872:
3871:
3866:
3862:
3857:
3853:
3852:
3847:
3843:
3839:
3834:
3830:
3829:
3824:
3820:
3816:
3812:
3808:
3807:
3802:
3798:
3794:
3790:
3786:
3785:
3780:
3776:
3772:
3766:
3762:
3761:
3756:
3752:
3748:
3746:0-87747-626-8
3742:
3738:
3734:
3733:
3728:
3724:
3719:
3715:
3714:
3709:
3704:
3700:
3698:1-57345-787-6
3694:
3690:
3686:
3682:
3678:
3673:
3668:
3667:
3662:
3658:
3653:
3649:on 2008-11-20
3648:
3644:
3642:1-57345-787-6
3638:
3634:
3630:
3629:
3624:
3620:
3615:
3603:
3599:
3598:E. B. Grandin
3595:
3594:
3589:
3588:Smith, Joseph
3585:
3580:
3576:
3575:
3570:
3566:
3562:
3558:
3556:0-252-01417-0
3552:
3548:
3543:
3539:
3537:0-8425-0482-6
3533:
3529:
3525:
3524:
3518:
3514:
3510:
3509:
3504:
3500:
3495:
3491:
3487:
3483:
3481:1-56085-089-2
3477:
3473:
3469:
3468:
3463:
3459:
3454:
3453:
3448:
3444:
3440:
3436:
3431:
3426:
3422:
3421:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3399:
3395:
3394:
3389:
3385:
3381:
3379:1-56085-157-0
3375:
3371:
3367:
3366:
3361:
3357:
3353:
3351:0-06-066371-5
3347:
3343:
3342:
3337:
3333:
3329:
3325:
3323:1-56085-072-8
3319:
3315:
3311:
3307:
3302:
3298:
3294:
3289:
3284:
3283:
3278:
3274:
3269:
3265:
3264:
3259:
3254:
3249:
3248:
3242:
3237:
3236:Amboy Journal
3233:
3228:
3223:
3217:
3209:
3205:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3187:
3186:
3178:
3174:
3170:
3166:
3161:
3157:
3156:
3151:
3147:
3142:
3141:
3136:
3132:
3127:
3123:
3122:
3114:
3110:
3106:
3101:
3097:
3095:1-56085-118-X
3091:
3087:
3083:
3082:
3076:
3071:
3067:
3063:
3059:
3055:
3050:
3046:
3042:
3041:"Letter VIII"
3037:
3032:
3028:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3010:
3009:
3004:
3000:
2996:
2991:
2987:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2972:
2966:
2962:
2957:
2953:
2951:1-4000-4270-4
2947:
2943:
2939:
2938:
2933:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2915:
2913:0-394-46967-4
2909:
2905:
2901:
2900:
2895:
2891:
2886:
2882:
2881:The Ohio Star
2878:
2874:
2870:
2866:
2864:1-56085-072-8
2860:
2856:
2852:
2848:
2844:
2840:
2835:
2831:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2814:
2808:
2803:
2799:
2798:
2790:
2786:
2782:
2777:
2773:
2772:
2764:
2760:
2756:
2753:
2751:1-56858-283-8
2747:
2743:
2739:
2735:
2734:
2722:
2717:
2710:
2705:
2698:
2693:
2686:
2681:
2674:
2669:
2662:
2657:
2650:
2645:
2638:
2633:
2626:
2621:
2614:
2609:
2607:
2599:
2595:
2591:
2586:
2579:
2574:
2567:
2563:
2559:
2554:
2547:
2542:
2535:
2530:
2523:
2518:
2516:
2508:
2503:
2501:
2493:
2489:
2484:
2477:
2472:
2465:
2460:
2453:
2449:
2444:
2438:, p. 3).
2437:
2432:
2430:
2428:
2420:
2415:
2408:
2404:
2400:
2396:
2392:
2388:
2383:
2376:
2371:
2364:
2359:
2357:
2349:
2345:
2340:
2333:
2328:
2321:
2316:
2309:
2304:
2297:
2292:
2285:
2280:
2273:
2268:
2262:, p. 2).
2261:
2256:
2254:
2252:
2250:
2248:
2246:
2238:
2237:Roberts (1902
2233:
2226:
2225:Roberts (1902
2221:
2214:
2210:
2205:
2198:
2197:Roberts (1902
2193:
2184:
2177:
2173:
2169:
2165:
2161:
2157:
2153:
2149:
2145:
2139:
2132:
2131:Roberts (1902
2127:
2120:
2116:
2111:
2104:
2099:
2092:
2091:Cowdery (1835
2087:
2080:
2075:
2068:
2063:
2056:
2051:
2044:
2039:
2032:
2027:
2020:
2015:
2008:
2003:
1996:
1992:
1991:Roberts (1930
1988:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1963:
1957:, p. 21)
1956:
1950:
1943:
1938:
1931:
1930:Bushman (2005
1926:
1919:
1914:
1907:
1902:
1895:
1890:
1883:
1882:Roberts (1902
1878:
1876:
1868:
1867:Bushman (2005
1863:
1856:
1851:
1844:
1843:Roberts (1902
1839:
1833:, p. 39)
1832:
1831:Bushman (2005
1826:
1819:
1815:
1814:Roberts (1902
1810:
1804:, p. 5).
1803:
1798:
1792:, p. 7).
1791:
1786:
1779:
1774:
1768:, p. 6).
1767:
1762:
1756:, p. 38)
1755:
1754:Bushman (2008
1751:
1746:
1740:, p. 39)
1739:
1738:Bushman (2005
1735:
1730:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1710:Roberts (1902
1705:
1699:, p. 3).
1698:
1693:
1691:
1689:
1682:, p. 39)
1681:
1680:Bushman (2005
1676:
1669:
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1461:
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1365:
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1341:
1334:
1333:Bushman (2005
1329:
1322:
1318:
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1306:
1302:
1301:communitarian
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1228:Bushman (2005
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1196:Bushman (2005
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1166:Bushman (2005
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1150:Bushman (2005
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1129:Bushman (2005
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1080:
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1056:Bushman (2005
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1044:Bushman (2005
1040:
1033:
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1018:0-385-00804-X
1014:
1010:
1006:
1005:
997:
990:
986:
985:Bushman (2005
981:
974:
973:Bushman (2005
969:
962:
958:
957:Bushman (2005
953:
945:
941:
937:
933:
926:
912:
908:
901:
897:
890:
888:
883:
880:
876:
870:
868:
867:Martin Harris
864:
854:
852:
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840:
837:
835:
831:
826:
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819:
814:
810:
806:
802:
794:
790:
786:
785:golden plates
781:
777:
775:
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756:
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722:
716:
714:
710:
706:
705:Willard Chase
701:
699:
695:
690:
686:
682:
674:
673:"Mormon Hill"
669:
665:
663:
658:
656:
652:
649:
645:
641:
640:Old Testament
637:
636:
630:
628:
623:
621:
611:
606:
602:
601:Golden plates
592:
590:
586:
582:
579:
569:
567:
563:
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555:
551:
550:
545:
541:
537:
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514:
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464:
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450:
448:
442:
439:
432:
428:
425:
422:
419:
415:
411:
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398:
397:Stained glass
394:
390:
388:
383:
379:
375:
370:
368:
364:
357:
347:
343:
340:
335:
332:
328:
327:divining rods
323:
321:
316:
312:
308:
307:her husband's
304:
299:
297:
293:
292:
291:Age of Reason
288:
284:
276:
273:
269:
264:
260:
258:
254:
248:
238:
236:
231:
227:
221:
219:
215:
214:bilious fever
211:
207:
203:
199:
195:
191:
183:
179:
175:
171:
167:
164:
160:
156:
155:infected bone
152:
148:
144:
143:typhoid fever
138:
135:
130:
128:
124:
120:
116:
112:
102:
100:
96:
91:
88:
87:golden plates
84:
80:
76:
71:
69:
65:
61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
40:
38:
34:
30:
26:
22:
18:
4073:1827 endings
4053:Joseph Smith
4020:Joseph Smith
4018:
3998:
3984:
3959:
3921:
3915:
3881:
3869:
3855:
3849:
3835:(39): 643–44
3832:
3826:
3805:
3782:
3759:
3737:Deseret Book
3730:
3717:
3711:
3689:Deseret Book
3684:
3665:
3647:the original
3633:Deseret Book
3627:
3606:, retrieved
3602:the original
3592:
3578:
3572:
3546:
3521:
3513:Deseret News
3507:
3496:, no. 3
3493:
3465:
3451:
3447:Pratt, Orson
3434:
3424:
3418:
3392:
3388:Phelps, W.W.
3363:
3340:
3309:
3292:
3280:
3277:Matzko, John
3267:
3261:
3246:
3235:
3207:
3203:
3189:
3183:
3173:Jessee, Dean
3154:
3138:
3125:
3119:
3100:the original
3080:
3072:(4): 163–170
3069:
3065:
3051:(1): 195–202
3048:
3044:
3030:
3026:
3023:"Letter III"
3012:
3006:
2989:
2983:
2960:
2940:, New York:
2935:
2922:
2897:
2884:
2880:
2850:
2833:
2827:
2812:
2804:(3): 301–315
2801:
2795:
2778:(3): 373–404
2775:
2769:
2741:
2716:
2709:Harris (1859
2704:
2697:Harris (1859
2692:
2685:Harris (1859
2680:
2668:
2656:
2644:
2632:
2620:
2613:Smith (1853)
2598:Smith (1884)
2594:Harris (1859
2585:
2578:Smith (1842)
2573:
2566:Harris (1859
2553:
2541:
2529:
2522:Harris (1859
2492:Harris (1859
2483:
2476:Harris (1859
2471:
2459:
2448:Knight (1833
2443:
2436:Knight (1833
2414:
2382:
2370:
2363:Harris (1859
2348:Lapham (1870
2339:
2327:
2320:Lapham (1870
2315:
2303:
2291:
2284:Lapham (1870
2279:
2267:
2260:Knight (1833
2232:
2220:
2204:
2192:
2183:
2138:
2126:
2119:Brodie (1971
2110:
2098:
2086:
2079:Brodie (1971
2074:
2062:
2050:
2038:
2026:
2014:
2002:
1995:Tucker (1867
1987:Harris (1859
1979:Tucker (1867
1975:Lapham (1870
1971:Mather (1880
1967:Harris (1859
1962:
1955:Brodie (1971
1949:
1937:
1925:
1918:Quinn (1998)
1913:
1901:
1894:Matzko (2007
1889:
1862:
1850:
1838:
1825:
1818:Brodie (1971
1809:
1797:
1785:
1778:Porter (1969
1773:
1761:
1750:Smith (1884)
1745:
1734:Brodie (1971
1729:
1722:First Vision
1704:
1675:
1663:
1651:
1644:Brodie (1971
1635:
1619:
1606:
1599:Brodie (1971
1594:
1581:
1569:
1562:Matzko (2007
1557:
1545:
1533:
1522:Brodie (1971
1513:
1500:
1488:
1476:
1460:
1448:
1432:
1416:
1400:
1387:
1375:
1369:Quinn (2006)
1364:
1357:Norton (1991
1352:
1340:
1328:
1320:
1297:Shipps (1985
1292:
1288:
1283:
1276:Brodie (1971
1271:
1264:Brodie (1971
1256:Turner (1852
1251:
1240:Tucker (1867
1235:
1219:
1203:
1191:
1173:
1161:
1144:
1133:appendicitis
1119:
1107:
1100:Berge (1985)
1095:
1079:
1067:
1051:
1039:
1027:
1003:
996:
980:
968:
952:
938:(2): 42–60.
935:
931:
925:
914:. Retrieved
910:
900:
884:
871:
860:
847:
842:
838:
822:
798:
759:
752:
737:
730:
724:
720:
717:
702:
678:
659:
653:(see, e.g.,
633:
631:
624:
616:
605:Angel Moroni
575:
559:
547:
533:
505:
486:
475:, a form of
470:
451:
443:
437:
434:
430:
426:
413:
409:
406:
401:First Vision
371:
359:
356:First Vision
350:First Vision
344:
339:Presbyterian
336:
324:
300:
296:Solomon Mack
289:
283:Universalist
280:
275:camp meeting
250:
222:
187:
159:Nathan Smith
139:
131:
108:
92:
79:First Vision
72:
41:
36:
17:Joseph Smith
15:
3811:RLDS Church
3720:(9): 706–10
3608:November 9,
3427:(3): 321–40
3420:BYU Studies
3185:BYU Studies
3121:BYU Studies
2873:Booth, Ezra
2797:BYU Studies
2771:BYU Studies
2721:Smith (1853
2673:Smith (1853
2637:Smith (1853
2625:Smith (1853
2562:Smith (1853
2546:Smith (1853
2534:Smith (1853
2507:Smith (1853
2464:Smith (1853
2452:Smith (1853
2419:Smith (1853
2403:Lapham 1870
2344:Smith (1853
2332:Smith (1853
2308:Smith (1853
2213:Smith (1883
2209:Smith (1853
2164:Smith (1853
2156:Lapham 1870
2115:Smith (1976
2103:Vogel (1994
2067:Vogel (2004
2031:Wade (1880)
2019:Vogel (2004
1942:Cobb (1881)
1906:Smith (1883
1855:Smith (1853
1802:Pratt (1840
1766:Smith (1883
1718:Smith (1883
1697:Smith (1832
1656:Vogel (2004
1640:Smith (1853
1628:Vogel (2004
1612:Vogel (2004
1481:Quinn (1998
1469:Quinn (1998
1437:Smith (1853
1425:Smith (1853
1244:Vogel (2004
1224:Smith (1853
1212:Smith (1853
1208:Vogel (2004
1154:Vogel (2004
1112:Vogel (2004
1090:until 1821.
1072:Smith (1853
1060:Vogel (2004
1032:Vogel (2004
989:Vogel (2004
544:misdemeanor
447:theophanies
331:seer stones
287:Tom Paine's
235:Fawn Brodie
4042:Categories
3954:Vogel, Dan
3905:Vogel, Dan
3306:Dan, Vogel
3033:(3): 41–43
3015:(1): 13–16
2847:Vogel, Dan
2730:References
2661:Howe (1834
2649:Howe (1834
2590:Howe (1834
2558:Howe (1834
2488:Howe (1834
2387:Howe (1834
2375:Howe (1834
2296:Howe (1834
2272:Howe (1834
2176:Smith 1853
2172:Smith 1853
2148:Smith 1832
2055:Howe (1834
2043:Howe (1834
1983:Howe (1834
1585:Quoted in
1504:Quoted in
1409:Mack (1811
1391:Quoted in
1088:Farmington
961:Hill (1977
916:2018-06-30
875:seer stone
863:his mother
851:seer stone
830:divination
818:his mother
805:his father
762:seer stone
749:seer stone
698:seer stone
662:his father
644:divination
517:seer stone
509:Isaac Hale
481:seer stone
477:divination
461:See also:
418:missionary
414:visitation
245:See also:
226:meditation
163:amputation
95:Emma Smith
3946:254306928
3793:Bookcraft
3581:(19): 289
3404:& Co.
3210:: 305–309
3003:"Letter "
2992:(11): 167
2407:Howe 1834
879:grapevine
648:Israelite
363:theophany
320:salvation
272:Methodist
268:engraving
105:Childhood
75:theophany
68:Methodism
4024:1805–27
3996:(1887),
3956:(2004),
3938:45225965
3907:(1994),
3867:(1867),
3844:(1882),
3821:(1884),
3803:(1883),
3781:(1901),
3757:(1853),
3729:(1976),
3663:(1835),
3464:(1998),
3449:(1840),
3362:(2002),
3338:(1999),
3216:citation
3171:(1833),
3152:(1834),
3137:(2007),
3128:(2): 1–8
3111:(1976),
3060:(1859),
3001:(1834),
2934:(2005),
2896:(1971),
2787:(1969),
2761:(1969),
2740:(2003),
1307:and the
944:23289931
787:and the
681:almanacs
657:28:30).
549:mittimus
311:prophecy
4030:1827–30
3683:(ed.),
3625:(ed.),
3308:(ed.),
3175:(ed.),
2887:(42): 1
2849:(ed.),
2836:(8): 24
2395:Liahona
2168:Cumorah
1714:William
1305:Shakers
834:Cumorah
825:Macedon
813:Cumorah
770:Cumorah
692:friend
683:as the
651:priests
540:warrant
473:scrying
374:William
210:calomel
134:ginseng
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793:Moroni
655:Exodus
581:eloped
410:vision
387:Vienna
218:Quaker
48:Joseph
35:. The
31:, and
27:, the
3942:S2CID
3934:JSTOR
3912:(PDF)
3679:, in
3621:, in
3415:(PDF)
3180:(PDF)
3116:(PDF)
2942:Knopf
2904:Knopf
2792:(PDF)
2766:(PDF)
1009:35–36
940:JSTOR
893:Notes
791:from
743:, a "
627:angel
421:tract
378:James
270:of a
230:Bible
212:for "
206:Alvin
123:Irish
97:from
3966:ISBN
3891:ISBN
3765:ISBN
3741:ISBN
3693:ISBN
3637:ISBN
3610:2005
3551:ISBN
3532:ISBN
3476:ISBN
3398:Zion
3374:ISBN
3346:ISBN
3318:ISBN
3222:link
3090:ISBN
2965:ISBN
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2908:ISBN
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2746:ISBN
1013:ISBN
745:seer
603:and
513:Emma
465:and
329:and
303:Lucy
117:and
83:hill
50:and
3926:doi
3439:BYU
3297:BYU
1311:of
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726:sic
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646:by
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367:God
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