554:" of France, Italy and Switzerland lasted until either July or August 1639. While they did not follow the later model of tutelage and instruction for a young man of good financial position straight from university, Milton's travels brought him directly to the urban centres of Europe from a life in semi-rural Horton; and Milton was exposed to various artistic and religious traditions, especially the Catholic world, and current political thought. He also met numerous celebrated theorists and intellectuals to whom he was able to display his poetic skills. As to specific details, only a general account is preserved, and there is just one major source: Milton's own
19:
1740:
797:, a Dutch poet, later wrote: "That Englishman was hated by the Italians, among whom he lived a long time, on account of his over-strict morals, because he both disputed freely about religion, and on any occasion whatever prated very bitterly against the Roman Pontiff." Regardless, these were all points that Milton later took pride in. He actually spent two months in Rome on his return journey.
158:. He was baptised at All Hallows Church on 20 December 1608. At the time of Milton's birth, his father was 46 and mother 36. He had one older sister Anne; her date of birth is unknown. Milton had three younger siblings: Christopher, baptised 3 December 1615; Sara, baptised 15 July 1612 and died 6 August 1612; and Tabitha, baptised 30 January 1614 and died 3 August 1615.
267:
860:, he felt ready to marry. Milton's early poetry, written from 1624 onwards, was eventually published in December 1645. This work contained both Milton's English poetry and his Latin poetry. Only three poems were not included, but they were eventually introduced into the 1673 edition of the poems. The frontispiece of the work, by
216:, quotes his brother Christopher to describe how Milton spent his time: "When he went to school, when he was very young, he studied very hard and sat up very late, commonly till twelve or one o'clock at night; and his father ordered the main to sit up for him". Milton later attributed his blindness, in his
102:. He was constantly at work, and only took a partial day off the day his son was born. In 1633, John Milton, Sr. became warden for the Chapel of St Paul. He continued his job as a scrivener until 1636, when he left the Company of Scriveners's Court of Assistants and he moved his family from Hammersmith to
245:
in 1623, and, in 1624, his earliest completed poem, "A Paraphrase on Psalm 114". "A Paraphrase on Psalm 114" describes how the Jews were led by God out of Egypt, the miracle of the parting of the Red Sea, and their eventual arrival in Canaan. The psalm emphasises the importance of the father figure
342:
by this time. It is possible that the conflict originated in
Chappell's Arminianism conflicting with Milton's Calvinistic views. He was suspended temporarily from the college, and returned to London from April to July 1625. During this period, Milton composed many of his earlier poems; his poems on
182:
who had moved south, was highly educated and respected by his peers. Young's religious views affected Milton, and he adopted both
Puritan appearances and ideas during his tutoring. Young was not the only major figure in Milton's early education; Milton acknowledged his father's care in teaching him
792:
It is possible, as he wrote later, that he was warned by a group of merchants that there was a plot to murder him if he was to re-enter Rome. This claim could be merely an exaggeration to reinforce himself as a defender of
Protestantism. However, Milton's theological frankness did limit what Manso
620:
In , which I have always admired above all others because of the elegance, not just of its tongue, but also of its wit, I lingered for about two months. There I at once became the friend of many gentlemen eminent in rank and learning, whose private academies I frequented – a
Florentine institution
658:
around July 1638 and stayed there until
September. While there, Milton enjoyed many of the sites and structures of the city. He also met many intellectuals and attended social and artistic events. He enjoyed spending time in the Florentine academies that claimed to operate in a similar fashion to
69:
After the death of his mother, Milton left
England to tour Europe. Upon returning, Milton was brought into the realm of political writing and he began a career composing political tracts which put forth his views on state and religious matters. He first supported the presbyterian leaders who were
820:, writing a few Latin epigrams in tribute. Around March, Milton travelled once again to Florence and stayed there for two months. While there, he attended further meetings of the academies and spent time with the friends that he made on his previous visit. After leaving Florence, he travelled to
94:
family and was raised in Oxford, where he trained as a chorister. However, when
Richard Milton, his father and a staunch Roman Catholic, discovered that John Milton, Sr. had Protestant leanings, he disinherited his son. John Milton, Sr., left for London and became a scrivener apprentice in 1583.
843:
and other theatrical and musical events. Venice also showed him a
Republican form of government that he later admired as promoting freedom. While in Italy, Milton's childhood friend, Diodati, had died. Milton composed an elegy in memory of Diodati, and included a headnote saying that they "had
621:
which deserves great praise not only for promoting humane studies but also for encouraging friendly intercourse. Time will never destroy my recollection – ever welcome and delightful – of you, Jacopo Gaddi, Carol Dati, Frescobaldi, Coltellini, Buonmattei, Chimetelli, Francini, and many others.
294:
as his tutor. He intended, according to the
Subscription Book, to become a minister, and his course of study at Cambridge was based around this vocation. More of Milton's studies at Cambridge is unknown, but he did begin to study with Chappell, who was a respected scholar and became a staunch
225:
There is little evidence about Milton's time at St. Paul's, because the school's records were lost in a fire during the late 17th century. The actual date of Milton's start at the school is uncertain, further than estimate in the range from 1615 to 1622. According to accounts by
848:. There he encountered Calvinism in power and another model republic. He was introduced to the various scholars and theologians of the region. From Switzerland, Milton travelled to Paris and then to Calais before finally arriving in England in either July or August 1639.
518:, the Earl of Bridgewater's residence. This masque differed in some ways from other masques of the time, in that it was longer and did not rely as much on music. The text was revised and published in 1638. Milton was a theatre-goer in his youth, as he mentions in
844:
pursued the same studies" and that they were the "most intimate friends from childhood on". It took Milton seven months in all to return finally to
England, with the trip extended from Venice as he visited Giovanni Diodati, his friend's uncle, in
778:
As I was on the point of returning to Rome, I was warned by merchants that they had learned through letters of plots laid against me by the English Jesuits, should I return to Rome, because of the freedom with which I had spoken about religion.
230:, Milton's nephew, and by Christopher Milton, Milton started at the school during his earliest years. However, Phillips states that Milton went to school with his brother, which ambiguous phrasing pushes the date to 1622. Milton, in his
95:
Little is known about Sara Jeffrey besides the fact that Paul Jeffrey, her father, was a tailor and her mother Ellen lived with the Miltons until her death in 1611. The two married around 1600 and buried an unnamed child on 12 May 1601.
173:
and was privately tutored. From the ages of 5 and 7, Milton was taught how to read and write in English and Latin, along with arithmetic. Milton was provided with several tutors between the ages of 7 and 12, but one in particular,
433:. During this time, Milton began composing a series of love-sonnets, with seven of the poems written during his college years and a final set of three written after 1642. In 1632, he received a master of arts degree. He graduated
34:
wrote poetry during the English Renaissance. He was born on 9 December 1608 to John and Sara Milton. Only three of their children survived infancy. Anne was the oldest, John was the middle child, and Christopher was the youngest.
522:, and his dramatic work on masques, though the genre was closely associated with court entertainments, has been seen as suggestive of a reforming rather than a negative attitude to drama, in contrast to militant critics such as
110:, who proved influential in commissioning the young Milton's masques. At least twenty of Milton Sr.'s compositions survived, and most of them contain a religious theme. His works were published in many collections, including
1143:
681:
poetry. His candour of manner and erudite neo-Latin poetry made him many friends in Florentine intellectual circles, and he met a number of famous and influential people through these connections including the astronomer
549:
In April 1637, Sara Milton died, and Milton used the opportunity to distance himself from his family. After money was provided for the care of his father, now retired, Milton left to tour Europe in May 1638. This early
697:
Now with many connections from Florence, Milton had easy access to Rome's intellectual circles, including groups like the Fantastici. His poetic abilities impressed such as Giovanni Salzilli, who honoured Milton in an
867:
Milton returned to England, in late 1639, in the interlude between the two Bishops' Wars. Rather than living with his father, he found accommodation of his own in London, and began tutoring. He lived for a year near
564:, "was not intended as autobiography but as rhetoric, designed to emphasize his sterling reputation with the learned of Europe." However, many of the major events can still be pieced together from various documents.
579:, Milton received other letters of introduction, and they proved their value as he received assistance from other Englishmen along his travels and met important individuals. Scudamore introduced him directly to
194:, William Sound, and Oliver Smythe. Gil had a reputation for scholarship in Greek, Latin, and theology. He was also a proponent of English grammar structures and relied on poetry, including that written by
54:. After leaving Cambridge, Milton changed his mind about his future, and hesitated during many years of study. Instead, he spent time composing poetry, which led to the production of the dramatic verse of
923:
amounted to five pamphlets written in the space of a year. Of these, only the fourth carried his name, but he took on easily the role of polemicist, both lofty and resorting to low gibes and scurrility.
202:, to discuss the English language. Milton travelled each day between school and home, and his path took him by St Paul's. It is possible that he listened to the sermons put on during this time by
338:
hit England in August 1625, the University of Cambridge had to be shut down until December. Milton had been there only for a few months before he had an altercation with Chappell and he was
406:
poetics. The poem was placed first among the Latin poems in his 1645 collection. It is possible that the work was partly from an early poem that was then expanded in memory of Gostlin. In
591:, and his views on theology and politics were in some ways similar to Milton's own. However, Milton quickly left France after this meeting, after visiting a few landmarks including the
425:
He received a bachelor's degree in 1629. In 1630, Milton composed "On Shakespeare". The poem became the first poem of Milton's to be published, and it was including anonymously in the
238:, and the two kept up a regular correspondence of letters and poetry. It is certain that the friendship was established Diodati before Diodati left to study at Oxford in early 1623.
560:. Although there are other records, some letters, some mentions in his other prose tracts and the rest, the bulk of the information therefore comes from a work that, according to
808:, a Vatican librarian, and was given a personal tour through the library and its vast collection of books and manuscripts. Through Holste, Milton was also introduced to Cardinal
583:, whom Milton called "a most learned man" and one "I ardently desired to meet" Grotius was a Dutch jurist and major philosopher of law, playwright and poet; he was a defender of
905:, sprang up in a pamphleteering battle. During his early years, Milton had been placed under Thomas Young for tutoring. Now 30 years later, Young was one of five clerics of
537:, who had attended Christ's College with Milton, published that year. While Milton knew King, who had been elected to a fellowship, it is not clear they were close friends.
734:
near the end of November and he stayed only for a month, finding that Spanish control diminished the local intellectual and artistic community. He was introduced to
730:
with court connections, who also praised Milton's poetry, and that he attended various musical events, including oratorios, operas, and melodramas. Milton left for
913:. The group, titled after a combination of each contributor's initials, wrote on antiprelatical matters, and Young encouraged Milton to write his first prose work,
894:
tradition. At this period he was casting around for a literary project, compiling long lists of possible Biblical and historical topics, abandoning the idea of an
418:, who died 25 September 1626. In the poem, he also honours two others, whose deaths compounded his time of mourning, and the many Protestants who died during the
1963:
856:
His tour over, Milton within two years found roles and independence in teaching and controversy. By the summer of 1642, which also marked the outbreak of the
106:. While not working as a scrivener, John Milton, Sr. composed music, which brought him into a close relationship with other musicians and composers including
1877:
327:, but it has not been shown that he had personal influence on Milton. It has been argued that Milton later took from Mede's writings some conceptions on the
1627:
379:
506:
west of London; the date is debated, perhaps in October 1632 as the family tried to put behind it the scandal of the execution of her son-in-law
939:, another polemical series of pamphlets beginning in 1643. Milton's advocacy of divorce pushed him away from Puritan orthodoxy, and led on to
134:(1621), amongst others. He also composed poetry, and two poems, never published, are known to have existed: a sonnet and a poem dedicated to
529:
Milton's family moved out west from Hammersmith to Horton during 1636, further into the English countryside. In November 1638, Milton wrote
1905:
769:; but he started to retrace his steps, and after lingering on the way home he returned to England during the summer of 1639. He claimed in
378:
When Milton returned in 1626, he changed his tutor, because Chappell had wanted Milton removed from the college completely. His new tutor,
90:, and his wife Sara Jeffrey (1572–1637). John Milton, Sr.'s business owned many properties and was involved in making loans. He was from a
169:
who was anti-Catholic and emphasised the need to read the Bible. In addition to his time at church, he spent most of his early life near
710:, which discusses his own merits and laments that Salzilli was ill at the time. In late October, Milton, despite his dislike for the
453:, for a long "studious retirement". During this period, extending from 1630 to 1638, Milton hesitated over a career and composed his
234:, claims that he began his deeper studies at the age of 12, which places the date after 1620. While at the school, Milton befriended
816:, hosted by the Cardinal. Milton later praised Barberini, steering away from theological subjects. He also experienced a concert of
437:, but the route into academia was blocked to him by the Christ's College statutes, there already being a Fellow of London origins,
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2026:
1763:
507:
357:
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1681:
491:
71:
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398:, which honoured Richard Ridding after his death 26 September 1626. Another elegy was written for the vice-chancellor,
1854:
920:
282:, Master from 1622, was harmonious on religious questions, a great contrast to the situation some years earlier when
2019:
673:
along with smaller academies in the area including the Apastisti, operated by Milton's friend Carlo Dati, and the
2043:
1987:
2110:
1729:
1714:
928:
861:
382:, was a friend to both Diodati's family and to Chappell, which eased the personal problems. Tovey's views were
348:
275:
39:
1948:
1704:
42:, with the intention of pursuing a career as a minister. During his college years, Milton produced his poems
1547:
The Grand Tour and the Great Rebellion: Richard Lassels and 'The Voyage of Italy' in the Seventeenth Century
694:, and others. Although Milton enjoyed himself in Florence, he left in September to continue onward to Rome.
246:
and serves as an early model for the relationship between father and son in Milton's later works, including
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187:
23:
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1609:
Milton, John. Complete Prose Works 8 Vols. gen. Ed. Don M. Wolfe. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1959.
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He travelled a standard route relied on by other Englishmen touring Europe at the time. He first went to
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242:
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in debate on pedagogy is based on his practical experience, as well as stating his own relationship to
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719:
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At the same time as the final pamphlet of the series, May 1642, Milton married Marie Powell (see
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735:
603:, his assistant, explains that Milton did not appreciate the French regime, under the control of
170:
155:
2084:
2071:
2061:
1841:
1754:
881:
339:
290:, and the fellowship of 13 included a range of views. Milton matriculated on 9 April 1625 with
83:
901:
Political events now began to unfold rapidly; and controversial publications, particularly on
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715:
670:
367:
179:
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1777:
1667:
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891:
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588:
415:
1621:
8:
906:
726:. There is little else known about this time beyond that he met David Codner, an English
596:
62:
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of 1645. In return for this poetic generosity, Milton returned the favour in his Latin
608:
466:
323:
preach. The Fellow of Christ's with the greatest reputation for his contemporaries was
127:
884:, sons of his sister Anne and both later known as writers. Milton's 1644 intervention
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751:
691:
665:
411:
103:
541:
is a thoughtful elegy in the pastoral style, and it appeared over the initials J.M.
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1953:
1835:
1784:
1632:
754:'s pun on "Angle" and "angel" when describing the English. Milton responded in his
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561:
556:
438:
419:
308:
279:
254:
218:
135:
119:
56:
1651:
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that he was grateful for the gesture of good will and claims Manso as his patron.
702:; this praise was later mentioned in the preface to the Latin portion of Milton's
2066:
1549:(Geneva, CIRVI, 1985) and "Milton's Visit to Vallombrosa: A literary tradition",
877:
600:
283:
235:
227:
746:. Manso became Milton's guide through Naples and gifted Milton with books and a
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1862:
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1636:
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817:
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and then on to Paris, riding horseback. He had brought a letter from diplomat
355:
were written while working on various college exercises. Other poems, such as
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1943:
1821:
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515:
499:
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After graduating from Cambridge, Milton returned to live with his parents in
248:
199:
191:
162:
111:
677:, operated by Jacopo Gaddi. While at the Svogliati, Milton read some of his
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1933:
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which allowed him to be introduced at the British embassy. From ambassador
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399:
287:
151:
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50:
44:
38:
John Milton was educated under a strong Protestant influence and attended
1915:
1690:
1583:
Hutton, Sarah "Mede, Milton, and More: Christ's College Millenarians" in
910:
876:, just outside the City proper. His first pupils were his young nephews,
801:
727:
584:
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through the influence of Lawes, the Earl's music tutor for his children.
450:
324:
212:
207:
161:
Milton attended church at All Hallows and was influenced by the minister
107:
30:
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could do for him as patron. A lingering reputation is suggested by what
669:. In particular, Milton probably visited the Florentine Academy and the
902:
873:
604:
551:
533:
and the work was published in a collection of other memorial works for
394:. Milton spent time writing Latin verse with other students, including
328:
203:
18:
1563:. ed. Mario Di Cesare and trans. Estelle Haan. Binghamton: MRTS, 1991.
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that his plans were changed by "sad tidings of civil war in England."
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503:
383:
147:
87:
655:
612:
403:
296:
1587:. Ed. Juliet Cummins. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003.
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1659:
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718:, meeting English Catholics who were also guests, theologian
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639:
402:, who died on 21 October 1626. In the poem, Milton relies on
146:
Milton was born 6:30 a.m. on Friday 9 December 1608, in
502:, Countess Dowager of Derby, and performed on her estate at
266:
222:, to the rigorous study that he undertook during this time.
647:
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work and considering subjects mainly in a dramatic light.
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for sexual offences, or on her 75th birthday, 4 May 1634.
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of 1644 against censorship, his most lasting prose work.
74:; a few years later he would promote more radical views.
935:
broke out, for reasons not fully explained, but set off
514:
was performed for Michaelmas eve, 29 September 1634, at
1535:. Ed. Thomas Corns. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 2003.
1283:
1281:
183:
many languages, including French, Italian, and Hebrew.
1022:
1020:
1362:
1360:
1278:
98:
John Milton, Sr., ran his business from his home on
1622:"John Milton (1562–1647), biography for the father"
1160:
Campbell & Corns 2008, p. 26 and p. 392, n. 10.
1017:
465:, a title it acquired only in 1738 at the hands of
1631:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004.
1620:
1411:Chaney, 1985, pp. 244–51 and Chaney, 2000, p. 313.
1357:
1222:
1220:
390:in logic, a style followed later by Milton in his
1561:Milton in Italy: Contexts, Images, Contradictions
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1616:. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1993.
1217:
1003:
968:
274:On 12 February 1625, Milton was admitted into
1675:
124:The Tears or Lamentations of a Sorrowful Soul
1906:Judgement of Martin Bucer Concerning Divorce
1402:Chaney, 1985 and 2000, and Lewalski, p. 96.
353:An Epitaph on the Marchioness of Winchester
1682:
1668:
1384:Milton 1959, Vol. IV, part I, pp. 615–617.
375:, were written during Milton's free time.
1429:Milton 1959, Vol IV, part I, pp. 618–619.
303:. Milton would have attended lectures by
270:John Milton at age 21 by William Gardiner
1542:. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008.
1531:Campbell, Gordon. "The Life Records" in
1142:
931:). The marriage was short-lived, as the
265:
17:
1628:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
961:
959:
957:
919:(1641), to aid in their cause. In all,
484:A Mask Presented at Ludlow Castle, 1634
178:, would prove influential. Young was a
2098:
2027:Methought I Saw my Late Espoused Saint
1596:. Oxford: Blackwells Publishers, 2003.
1578:John Milton: Poet, Priest, and Prophet
804:and its festivities. Also, Milton met
508:Mervyn Tuchet, 2nd Earl of Castlehaven
2013:When I Consider How My Light is Spent
1663:
492:John Egerton, 1st Earl of Bridgewater
278:as a minor pensioner. Christ's under
1540:John Milton: Life, Work, and Thought
1438:Milton 1959 Vol. IV, part I, p. 619.
954:
864:, depicted Milton at the age of 21.
839:for a month and experienced various
784:– Milton on the plot against him in
544:
1939:The Tenure of Kings and Magistrates
1764:On the Morning of Christ's Nativity
1614:John Milton: The Self and the World
1538:Campbell, Gordon and Thomas Corns.
872:, and moved in 1640 a short way to
851:
358:On the Morning of Christ's Nativity
13:
1901:Doctrine and Discipline of Divorce
1553:, 2nd ed (Routledge, London, 2000)
626:– Milton's account of Florence in
186:After a few years, he was sent to
14:
2122:
1571:Milton and the English Revolution
1187:Campbell & Corns 2008, p. 28.
812:, and was able to view the opera
800:He arrived in time to experience
714:, attended a dinner given by the
2020:On the Late Massacre in Piedmont
1738:
1573:. London: Faber and Faber, 1977.
444:
1878:The Reason of Church-Government
1689:
1551:The Evolution of the Grand Tour
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761:Milton had wanted to travel to
1060:
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1038:
1029:
994:
921:Milton's antiprelatical tracts
490:commissioned by the family of
1:
1949:Defensio pro Populo Anglicano
1525:
1652:UK public library membership
1519:Lewalski, 2003, pp. 135–141.
1510:Lewalski, 2003, pp. 123–125.
1375:Milton 1959, Vol II, p. 414.
1325:Theatre and Crisis 1632–1642
141:
86:(1562–1647), a composer and
70:lining up in England behind
24:Cornelis Janssens van Ceulen
7:
2078:Milton: A Poem in Two Books
1585:Milton and the Ends of Time
1483:Lewalski 2003, pp. 106–109.
1474:qtd in Lewalski 2003, p. 9.
1456:Heinsius 1991, pp. 526–527.
1214:Campbell 2003, pp. 486–487.
1148:A Cambridge Alumni Database
929:John Milton's relationships
750:that teases Milton through
276:Christ's College, Cambridge
40:Christ's College, Cambridge
10:
2127:
1656:(requires a subscription).
1580:. London: Macmillan, 1979.
1465:Lewalski 2003, pp. 99–106.
1150:. University of Cambridge.
1133:Shawcross 1993, pp. 18–19.
1115:(1962 edition), pp. 270–5.
1102:qtd in Masson, 1881 p. 85.
634:Milton travelled south to
261:
77:
2054:
2036:
2004:
1972:
1959:A Treatise of Civil Power
1924:
1891:
1853:
1747:
1736:
1697:
1559:. "Written Encomiums" in
1447:Lewalski 2003, pp. 98–99.
1420:Lewalski 2003, pp. 94–98.
1393:Lewalski 2003, pp. 90–94.
1366:Lewalski 2003, pp. 88–89.
1354:Lewalski 2003, pp. 87–88.
1144:"Milton, John (MLTN624J)"
315:, in addition to hearing
22:John Milton at age 10 by
2067:Edward Phillips (nephew)
1868:Of Prelatical Episcopacy
1606:London: Macmillan, 1881.
948:
744:Giovanni Battista Marino
690:, Benedetto Buonmattei,
132:The Whole Book of Psalms
1883:Apology for Smectymnuus
1604:The Life of John Milton
1594:The Life of John Milton
1271:Hill 1979, p. 33 n 13;
1093:Lewalski 2003, pp. 6–8.
1075:Lewalski 2003, pp. 4–5.
1000:Lewalski 2003, pp. 2–4.
937:Milton's divorce tracts
933:First English Civil War
858:First English Civil War
736:Giovanni Battista Manso
642:. He then journeyed to
526:from the Puritan side.
2085:Neo-Miltonic syllabics
2072:John Phillips (nephew)
2045:De Doctrina Christiana
1988:The History of Britain
1964:The Ready and Easy Way
1637:10.1093/ref:odnb/18799
1501:Shawcross 1993, p. 20.
1492:Lewalski 2003, p. 156.
1336:Shawcross 1993, p. 30.
1314:Shawcross 1993, p. 29.
1305:Shawcross 1993, p. 28.
1296:Lewalski, 2003, p. 58.
1287:Shawcross 1993, p. 13.
1262:Shawcross 1993, p. 27.
1253:Shawcross 1993, p. 25.
1226:Shawcross 1993, p. 18.
1169:Campbell 2003, p. 486.
1057:Campbell 2003, p. 484.
1026:Campbell 2003, p. 487.
1014:Campbell 2003, p. 485.
991:Shawcross 1993, p. 17.
781:
623:
498:was written to honour
271:
82:Milton's parents were
26:
2111:Early lives by writer
1855:Antiprelatical tracts
1771:Upon the Circumcision
1533:A Companion to Milton
1345:Hill 1977, pp. 49–50.
1196:Hutton 2003, pp.35–7.
1084:Lewalski 2003, p. 11.
776:
716:English College, Rome
671:Academia della Crusca
618:
368:Upon the Circumcision
269:
180:Scottish Presbyterian
21:
2062:John Milton (father)
1591:Lewalski, Barbara K.
1244:Lewalski, pp. 21–24.
1178:Lewalski, pp. 19–20.
1113:Aubrey's Brief Lives
1111:Oliver Lawson Dick,
1066:Lewalski 2003, p. 2.
1035:Lewalski 2003, p. 3.
589:religious toleration
416:Bishop of Winchester
258:(Manoa and Samson).
171:St. Paul's Cathedral
156:St. Paul's Cathedral
824:and passed through
810:Francesco Barberini
597:Notre Dame de Paris
190:, which was run by
2005:Individual sonnets
1557:Heinsius, Nicolaas
965:Hill 1979, p. 210.
609:Cardinal Richelieu
272:
252:(God and Son) and
128:Thomas Ravenscroft
116:Triumphs of Oriana
27:
2093:
2092:
1829:Paradise Regained
1710:Reception history
1650:(Subscription or
1612:Shawcross, John.
1567:Hill, Christopher
1327:(1984), pp. 98–9.
1235:Hill 1977, p. 34.
909:views who formed
870:St Bride's Church
795:Nicolaas Heinsius
752:Gregory the Great
738:, patron to both
692:Antonio Malatesti
545:Travels in Europe
461:(better known as
429:of Shakespeare's
412:Lancelot Andrewes
410:, Milton honours
373:At a Solemn Music
286:had clashed with
188:St. Paul's School
2118:
1995:Of True Religion
1954:Defensio Secunda
1926:Political tracts
1836:Samson Agonistes
1742:
1684:
1677:
1670:
1661:
1660:
1655:
1647:
1645:
1643:
1624:
1545:Chaney, Edward.
1520:
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1236:
1233:
1227:
1224:
1215:
1212:
1206:
1205:Lewalski, p. 21.
1203:
1197:
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1188:
1185:
1179:
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1170:
1167:
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1027:
1024:
1015:
1012:
1001:
998:
992:
989:
966:
963:
862:William Marshall
852:Published author
814:Chi soffre speri
788:
786:Defensio Secunda
771:Defensio Secunda
712:Society of Jesus
630:
628:Defensio Secunda
611:, who were anti-
587:and believer in
562:Barbara Lewalski
557:Defensio Secunda
439:Michael Honywood
420:Thirty Years War
309:Robert Creighton
292:William Chappell
280:Thomas Bainbrigg
255:Samson Agonistes
241:Milton composed
232:Defensio Secunda
219:Defensio Secunda
120:William Leighton
84:John Milton, Sr.
72:Stephen Marshall
2126:
2125:
2121:
2120:
2119:
2117:
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2115:
2096:
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1968:
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1323:Martin Butler,
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1137:
1132:
1128:
1124:Lewalski, p. 6.
1123:
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964:
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951:
878:Edward Phillips
854:
832:along the way.
790:
783:
765:and then on to
638:and then on to
632:
625:
601:Cyriack Skinner
547:
447:
386:, and he was a
380:Nathaniel Tovey
351:poems, and his
313:Robert Metcalfe
284:Valentine Carey
264:
236:Charles Diodati
228:Edward Phillips
150:, London along
144:
80:
12:
11:
5:
2124:
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2016:
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1991:
1984:
1976:
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1973:Other writings
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1936:
1930:
1928:
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1918:
1913:
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1903:
1897:
1895:
1893:Divorce tracts
1889:
1888:
1886:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1873:Animadversions
1870:
1865:
1863:Of Reformation
1859:
1857:
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1037:
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1016:
1002:
993:
967:
952:
950:
947:
916:Of Reformation
853:
850:
835:He stopped in
818:Leonora Baroni
775:
740:Torquato Tasso
617:
577:John Scudamore
546:
543:
524:William Prynne
446:
443:
345:Gunpowder Plot
321:George Herbert
317:Richard Sibbes
305:Samuel Collins
263:
260:
243:his first hymn
196:Edmund Spenser
143:
140:
79:
76:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2123:
2112:
2109:
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2017:
2014:
2010:
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2007:
2003:
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1982:
1978:
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1945:
1944:Eikonoklastes
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1932:
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1833:
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1826:
1824:
1823:
1822:Paradise Lost
1819:
1814:
1810:
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1753:
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1746:
1741:
1731:
1730:Relationships
1728:
1726:
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1623:
1618:
1615:
1611:
1608:
1605:
1601:
1600:Masson, David
1598:
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922:
918:
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912:
908:
904:
899:
897:
893:
889:
888:
883:
882:John Phillips
879:
875:
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865:
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849:
847:
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833:
831:
827:
823:
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774:
772:
768:
764:
759:
757:
753:
749:
745:
741:
737:
733:
729:
725:
722:and the poet
721:
717:
713:
709:
705:
701:
695:
693:
689:
685:
680:
676:
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668:
667:
662:
657:
654:. He reached
653:
652:Leaning Tower
650:, seeing the
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631:
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516:Ludlow Castle
513:
509:
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500:Alice Spencer
497:
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476:
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445:Early writing
442:
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249:Paradise Lost
244:
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163:Richard Stock
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112:Thomas Morley
109:
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52:
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41:
36:
33:
32:
25:
20:
16:
2076:
2044:
1993:
1986:
1981:Of Education
1979:
1934:Areopagitica
1911:Tetrachordon
1842:
1834:
1827:
1820:
1813:Il Penseroso
1790:
1783:
1776:
1769:
1762:
1755:
1724:
1705:Poetic style
1640:. Retrieved
1626:
1613:
1603:
1593:
1584:
1577:
1576:Hill, John.
1570:
1560:
1550:
1546:
1539:
1532:
1515:
1506:
1497:
1488:
1479:
1470:
1461:
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1407:
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1138:
1129:
1120:
1112:
1107:
1098:
1089:
1080:
1071:
1062:
1053:
1044:
1040:
1031:
996:
942:Areopagitica
940:
926:
914:
907:presbyterian
900:
887:Of Education
885:
866:
855:
840:
834:
813:
806:Lukas Holste
799:
791:
785:
782:
777:
770:
760:
755:
724:Patrick Cary
720:Henry Holden
708:Ad Salzillum
707:
703:
696:
664:
633:
627:
624:
619:
581:Hugo Grotius
573:Henry Wotton
566:
555:
548:
538:
530:
528:
519:
511:
495:
483:
479:
477:
470:
462:
458:
454:
448:
434:
430:
427:Second Folio
424:
407:
400:John Gostlin
395:
392:Art of Logic
391:
377:
372:
366:
362:
356:
352:
333:
288:William Ames
273:
253:
247:
240:
231:
224:
217:
211:
185:
176:Thomas Young
160:
152:Bread Street
145:
131:
123:
115:
100:Bread Street
97:
81:
68:
61:
55:
51:Il Penseroso
49:
43:
37:
29:
28:
15:
2106:John Milton
2081:(1804–1810)
1916:Colasterion
1778:The Passion
1691:John Milton
911:Smectymnuus
728:Benedictine
585:Arminianism
535:Edward King
467:John Dalton
451:Hammersmith
325:Joseph Mede
213:Brief Lives
208:John Aubrey
126:(1612) and
108:Henry Lawes
31:John Milton
2100:Categories
1725:Early life
1654:required.)
1526:References
903:episcopacy
874:Aldersgate
605:Louis XIII
552:Grand Tour
340:rusticated
329:millennium
204:John Donne
1806:L'Allegro
896:Arthurian
679:Neo-Latin
675:Svogliati
666:Symposium
504:Harefield
435:cum laude
408:Elegy III
384:Calvinist
334:When the
148:Cheapside
142:Childhood
136:John Lane
88:scrivener
45:L'Allegro
2037:Disputed
1720:Politics
1715:Religion
892:humanist
841:operates
802:Carnival
656:Florence
613:Huguenot
404:Horatian
396:Elegy II
297:Arminian
118:(1601),
2055:Related
1799:Lycidas
1785:Arcades
1642:30 July
830:Ferrara
826:Bologna
748:distich
742:and to
700:epigram
688:Arcetri
684:Galileo
644:Livorno
539:Lycidas
531:Lycidas
520:Elegy I
496:Arcades
488:masques
480:Arcades
472:Lycidas
469:), and
455:Arcades
363:On Time
301:Laudian
262:College
167:Puritan
154:, near
78:Parents
57:Arcades
1748:Poetry
1698:Topics
1648:
1273:online
846:Geneva
837:Venice
767:Greece
763:Sicily
756:Mansus
732:Naples
593:Louvre
569:Calais
512:A Mask
459:A Mask
414:, the
388:Ramist
371:, and
349:Hobson
347:, his
336:plague
311:, and
104:Horton
92:yeoman
1843:Poems
1792:Comus
1756:Poems
949:Notes
822:Lucca
704:Poems
661:Plato
640:Genoa
486:were
478:Both
463:Comus
431:Works
210:, in
63:Comus
1845:1673
1758:1645
1644:2008
1046:ODNB
880:and
828:and
648:Pisa
646:and
636:Nice
607:and
595:and
482:and
343:the
319:and
299:and
198:and
165:, a
60:and
48:and
1633:doi
686:at
663:'s
361:or
130:'s
122:'s
114:'s
2102::
1625:.
1602:.
1569:.
1359:^
1280:^
1219:^
1146:.
1019:^
1005:^
970:^
956:^
615:.
599:;
475:.
457:,
441:.
422:.
365:,
331:.
307:,
206:.
138:.
66:.
2029:"
2025:"
2022:"
2018:"
2015:"
2011:"
1815:"
1811:"
1808:"
1804:"
1801:"
1797:"
1683:e
1676:t
1669:v
1646:.
1635::
1275:.
550:"
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