Early Norwegian black metal scene

451:, however, said that Euronymous "was such a devil worshipper you wouldn't believe it", and Metalion (who knew Euronymous since 1985 and considered him to be his best friend) said Euronymous "was always telling what he thought ... worshipping death and being extreme." As for the other scene members, Samuel Fridh says there is no evidence to support their early claims of being Devil worshippers, and Leif A. Lier, who led the police investigation after Euronymous's death, said he and his men had not met one Satanist. Faust said that "For some people it was bloody serious, but to a lot of them it was all a big hype." 459:(a Swedish Satanic order) wrote that the Norwegian scene "meant a lot as long as it lasted. Back then, in 1991, things mainly concerned black metal and ideological Satanism (not so much practical Satanism, but anyway ...) ... It grew quickly to become a sort of black metal army ... and kind of stood and fell with Euronymous and his shop. Therefore, it vanished with his death in '93 ... Sadly enough, many people involved at the time betrayed their ideals and lost their interest when things fell apart. Like it was nothing more than a hype of temporary nature." 278: 4352:'Øystein was always sending death threats to people,' says Necro Butcher. 'It was his reaction to everything. But he didn't put so much into it. And then when he met you, he was like, "OK. You're cool!". Then you were best friends. So when eventually he got to be unfriendly with Varg, he threatened him like he did everyone else. Øystein told him, "I'm going to send some people to torture you. Until you die." But Varg Vikernes saw this as a real threat. He probably thought, "better him than me. I'll just go down and do him".' 3156:'death' metal and make a shop where all the trend people know that they will find all the trend music. This will help us earning money so that we can order more EVIL records to the evil people. But no matter how shitty music we have to sell, we'll make a BLACK METAL look on the shop, we've had a couple of 'actions' in churches lately, and the shop is going to look like a black church in the future. We've also thought about having total darkness inside, so that people would have to carry torches to be able to see the records. 155: 5662: 937:

didn't seem to understand that I was pulling his leg." He added that the interview revealed nothing that could prove his involvement in any crime. Vikernes claims that, after he was arrested, "the journalist edited the interview and ... published an insane version of it the following day, without even letting me read through it." Some of the other scene members were also arrested and questioned, but all were released for lack of evidence.

499: 2596: 961:, carrying two large knives in his belt, and flanked by the two young men who apparently behaved as if they were his bodyguards or henchmen." Vikernes "stated that he was fed up with being harassed by the authorities, and that the police investigation into the Black Metal scene should be stopped." When police told him he had no right to issue orders, Vikernes "took one step back and raised his right arm in a 933:("We set the churches on fire") and included a photo of Vikernes, his face mostly hidden, holding two large knives. However, by the time the article was printed, Vikernes had already been arrested. The police allegedly found him by going to an address printed on a Burzum flyer, although Vikernes believes that Tønder betrayed him. 397:, Varg Vikernes said, "The so-called 'Black Circle' was something Euronymous made up because he wanted to make people believe there was such a thing, but it was nonsense and never existed. The media on the other hand believed it existed for a while, but quickly stopped talking about it when they understood it was a fake rumor." 146:. Most showed no remorse for their actions at the time. Some Norwegian media referred to them as "Satanic terrorists," and one Norwegian TV channel interviewed a woman who claimed Satanists had sacrificed her child and killed her dog. The early Norwegian black metal scene has since been the subject of books and documentaries. 1138:, which features Euronymous on guitar and Vikernes on bass guitar. Euronymous's family had asked Mayhem's drummer, Hellhammer, to remove the bass tracks recorded by Vikernes, but Hellhammer said, "I thought it was appropriate that the murderer and victim were on the same record." Vikernes was released from prison in 2009. 1129:

Vikernes was arrested on 19 August 1993, and many other members of the scene were taken in for questioning around the same time. Some confessed to their crimes and implicated others. In May 1994, Vikernes was sentenced to 21 years in prison (Norway's maximum penalty) for the murder of Euronymous, the

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published an interview with Vikernes in February 1993. In it, he said of the prison system, "It's much too nice here. It's not hell at all. In this country prisoners get a bed, toilet and shower. It's completely ridiculous. I asked the police to throw me in a real dungeon, and also encouraged them to

881:

Faust claimed he felt no remorse at the time. In the late 1990s, he said of the murder, "I was outside, just waiting to get out some aggression. It's not easy to describe why it happened. It was meant to happen, and if it was this man or another man, that's not really important." Ihsahn, his bandmate

915:

journalist Finn Bjørn Tønder set up a meeting with "Count Grishnackh". The journalists were summoned to an apartment and, allegedly, warned they would be shot if the police were called. There, Vikernes and his companions told the journalists that they had burnt the churches, or knew who had done it,

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Regarding the term "black metal", Euronymous said that it applies to any heavy metal band who are theistic Satanists and write Satanic lyrics. Such ideas were repeated by other scene members, such as Faust. At the time, bands with a style similar to Norwegian black metal, but without Satanic lyrics,

173:

was a loose grouping of a handful of heavy metal bands who shared Satanic lyrics, although most of the "first wave" bands referred to Satanism only for shock value. During 1990–1992, Norwegian artists who were strongly influenced by those bands released a new kind of black metal music. The Norwegian

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Police initially had no suspects, and Faust remained free for about a year. However, he told Euronymous, Vikernes and a few others what he had done. The day after the stabbing, he returned to Oslo and allegedly burnt down Holmenkollen Chapel with Vikernes and Euronymous. After Euronymous' murder in

454:

In retrospect, Metalion wrote, "In the past, people just wrote about Satan, but now people meant it. I believe it was serious—maybe not all the Satanism, but definitely the approach to the music and the lifestyle. It was certainly more destructive than metal had been in the past." Tenebris from the

429:

of Emperor said, "I think that was very much to create fear among people." He added that the scene "wanted to be in opposition to society" and "tried to concentrate more on just being 'evil' than having a real Satanic philosophy". Vikernes said that the reason they claimed to advocate "evil" was to

400:

According to Stian "Occultus" Johansen, the space that Euronymous rented "was far too big and the rent was too high. That's the reason why it never did well." Only a small part of the building was used for the shop itself. Euronymous shut Helvete in early 1993 when it began to draw the attention of

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Well, the original idea was to make a specialist shop for metal in general, but that's a long time ago. Normal metal isn't very popular any more, all the children are listening to 'death' metal now. I'd rather be selling Judas Priest than Napalm Death, but at least now we can be specialized within

1108:

In early 1993, animosity arose between Euronymous and Vikernes. On the night of 10 August 1993, Vikernes and Snorre 'Blackthorn' Ruch drove from Bergen to Euronymous' apartment in Oslo. When they arrived there was a confrontation and Vikernes stabbed Euronymous to death. His body was found outside

936:

According to Vikernes, the anonymous interview was planned by him and Euronymous with the goal of spreading fear, promoting black metal and getting more customers for Helvete. Vikernes said of the interview, "I exaggerated a lot and when the journalist left we ... had a good laugh, because he

249:

noted that "people became more aware of the black metal scene after Dead had shot himself ; I think it was Dead's suicide that really changed the scene." The suicide caused a rift between Euronymous and some of his friends, especially Necrobutcher, who were disgusted by his attitude towards Dead.

911:), brought the black metal scene into the media spotlight. Two friends of Vikernes interviewed him and brought the interview to the newspaper, hoping they would print it. In the anonymous interview, "Count Grishnackh" (Vikernes) claimed to have burnt the churches and killed a man in Lillehammer. 1184:(of Impaled Nazarene) in which he would call him in the dead of the night playing nursery rhymes at high speed on a cassette recorder. At the time, Luttinen maintained that the messages were threats from Norwegian black metallers. The Finnish band Black Crucifixion criticized the Norwegian band 1130:

arson of four churches, and for possession of 150 kg of explosives. Two churches were burned the day he was sentenced, "presumably as a statement of symbolic support". Blackthorn was sentenced to eight years in prison for being an accomplice to the murder. That month saw the release of the

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Euronymous decided to shut Helvete as it began to draw the attention of the police and media. Vikernes condemned Euronymous for shutting the shop rather than taking advantage of the publicity, stating, "by doing so he also made all my efforts more or less pointless. I spent six weeks in custody

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have noted that Norwegian black metal musicians had become "fed up with the whole death metal scene" and that "death metal was very uncool in Oslo" at the time. A number of times, Euronymous sent death threats to some of the more 'mainstream' death metal groups in Europe. Allegedly, a group of

1112:

It has been speculated that the murder was the result of a power struggle, a financial dispute over Burzum records, or an attempt at "outdoing" the stabbing in Lillehammer. Vikernes denies this and claims he killed Euronymous in self-defense. He says Euronymous had plotted to stun him with an

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In 1992, members of the Norwegian black metal scene began a wave of arson attacks on Christian churches. By 1996, there had been at least 50 attacks in Norway; in every case that was solved, those responsible were black metal fans. Some of the buildings were hundreds of years old and seen as

1121:, using a meeting about an unsigned contract to ambush him. Vikernes claims he intended to hand Euronymous the signed contract that night and "tell him to fuck off", but that Euronymous panicked and attacked him first. The self-defense story is doubted by Faust, while 392:

article referred to them as "Satanic terrorists". Faust later said that it was "just a name that was invented for the people who hung around the shop ... there wasn't anything like members and membership cards and official meetings." Likewise, in his review of

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with his wrists and throat slit and a gunshot wound to his forehead. Before calling the police, Euronymous got a camera and photographed the body after re-arranging some items. One of these photographs was later used as the cover of a bootleg live album:

131:" and wielding medieval weaponry. The scene was exclusive and created boundaries around itself, incorporating only those it deemed to be "trve" or committed. Musical integrity was important and artists wanted black metal to remain 482:

imagery, but this was largely an attempt to provoke. In a private letter written in the early 1990s, Euronymous claimed that "almost all" Norwegian black metal bands at the time were "more or less Nazis". He was interested in

537:. In addition, he was found guilty for an attempted arson of a fourth church, and for the theft and storage of 150 kg of explosives. Members of the Swedish black metal scene started to burn churches as well in 1993. 408:

The Norwegian black metal scene was bitterly opposed to Christianity and organized religion as a whole. In interviews during the early 1990s, Euronymous and other members of the scene presented themselves as militant

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believes Vikernes killed Euronymous due to the death threats he received from him. Necrobutcher later alleged that he also intended to murder Euronymous himself due to him tastelessly capitalizing on Dead's suicide.

578:, on the basis that they were more foreign. Today, opinions on the church burnings differ within the black metal community. Many musicians, singers, and songwriters in the early Norwegian black metal scene, such as 606:

vocalist Erik Danielsson respected the attacks, but said of those responsible: "the only Christianity they defeated was the last piece of Christianity within themselves. Which is a very good beginning, of course."

285:

Mayhem guitarist Euronymous was "the central figure involved in the formation of the Norwegian black metal scene", which he "almost single-handedly founded". During May–June 1991, he opened a record shop called

882:

in Emperor, said Faust "had been very fascinated by serial killers for a long time, and I guess he wanted to know what it's like to kill a person." The media linked the murder to black metal, Satanism and

570:. Those convicted for church burnings showed no remorse and described their actions as a symbolic "retaliation" against Christianity in Norway. Mayhem drummer Hellhammer said he had called for attacks on 381:

Those who gathered at Helvete have been referred to as the "Black Circle" or "Black Metal Inner Circle", a name allegedly invented by Euronymous. Euronymous presented the "Black Circle" as an organized,

405:, in the same location but with much less floor space. ('Neseblod' is Norwegian for 'nosebleed'.) Many of the original artifacts still remain, and the store also identifies as a "black metal museum". 217:

with a shotgun blast while alone in a house shared by the band. Fellow musicians described Dead as odd, introverted and depressed. For performances, he made himself look like a corpse and would

439:, many who knew Euronymous say that "the extreme Satanic image he projected was, in fact, just that – a projection which bore little resemblance to his real personality." They include 886:. In a 2008 interview, Faust said, "I was never a Satanist or fascist in any way, but I put behind me the hatred and negativity. Those feelings just eat you up from inside." 103:

The scene had an ethos and the core members referred to themselves as "The Black Circle" or "Black Metal Inner Circle". It consisted of men who gathered at the record shop

602:

of Immortal, see the church burnings as having been futile. Manheim claimed that many arsons were "just people trying to gain acceptance" within the black metal scene.

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Euronymous used Dead's suicide to foster Mayhem's "evil" image and claimed Dead had killed himself because black metal had become "trendy" and commercialized. He made

76: 3643: 197:

The dark themes of their music were complemented with corpse paint, which became a way for black metal artists to distinguish themselves from other metal bands.

96:. It attracted massive media attention when it was revealed that its members had been responsible for three murders, a suicide, and a wave of church burnings in 447:, Vikernes, and Blackthorn (the latter two were convicted for his murder). Faust said that with Euronymous, "there was a lot of smoke but not so much fire." 138:

In August 1993, several of its members were arrested, and in May 1994, were convicted for arson, murder, assault and possession of explosives, most notably

4674: 4472: 3713: 590:, continue to praise the church burnings, with the latter saying "there should have been more of them, and there will be more of them." Others, such as 3073: 3009: 890:

August 1993, Faust was arrested and confessed to Andreassen's murder. In 1994, he was sentenced to 14 years' imprisonment, but was released in 2003.

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states and said he wished to see people "rot under communist dictatorship". However, apart from Varg Vikernes, the scene was largely non-political.

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The following is a partial list of notable black metal recordings and releases by the aforesaid bands released during 1987–1993. Releases in

923:

spoke with the police before publishing it, who confirmed these details. The article was published on 20 January as the front page of the

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I was never a Satanist or fascist in any way, but I put behind me the hatred and negativity. Those feelings just eat you up from inside.

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bands developed the style of their 1980s forebears as a distinct genre of heavy metal music. The new style of music was developed by

4098: 519:, which was burnt to the ground in June 1992. Police believe Varg Vikernes of Burzum was responsible, and the cover of Burzum's EP 421:

they espoused was an inversion of Christianity. Euronymous was the key figure behind this ideology. He professed to be in favor of

916:

and warned the attacks would continue. They claimed to be Devil worshippers and said, "Our intention is to spread fear and evil."

5698: 302:. Norwegian black metal musicians often met at the shop and in its basement. They included the members of Mayhem, the members of 2527: 365:

Within just a few months , many young musicians had become obsessed with Euronymous and his ideas, and soon a lot of Norwegian

361:, said that the opening of Helvete was "the creation of the whole Norwegian Black Metal scene". Daniel Ekeroth wrote in 2008, 4954: 4923: 4893: 4825: 4776: 3138: 2760: 2638: 878:. Once in the woods, Faust stabbed Andreassen 37 times, and then kicked him in the head repeatedly as he lay on the ground. 373:

turned into Emperor, and Darkthrone swapped their Swedish-inspired death metal for primitive black metal. Most notoriously,

957:, citing a police report, Vikernes knocked on their door and "virtually forced his way into the suite". He was "dressed in 874:. According to Faust, while walking home at night, a man sexually proposed to him and Faust agreed to walk with him to the 346:

also lived and worked there. The shop's walls were painted black and bedecked with medieval weapons, posters of bands, and

6119: 3387: 2502: 6114: 6109: 4864: 3293: 4391: 6134: 5559: 3851: 2509: 525:("ashes") is a photograph of the destroyed church. On 16 May 1994, Vikernes was found guilty for burning down the 6060: 5612: 5564: 5033: 4905: 2513:(2005) touches on black metal in the early 1990s, and includes an extensive 25-minute feature on the DVD release. 656:– Varg Vikernes and Faust were convicted for this; Euronymous also participated, but was murdered in August 1993. 4287: 194:, which use two or three strings. The term 'TRVE KVLT Black Metal' is the term for satanic-leaning black metal. 5726: 5092: 4573: 4523: 5622: 4667: 4465: 3703: 1608: 456: 323: 3003: 4973: 127:

who wanted to spread terror, hatred and evil. They adopted pseudonyms and appeared in photographs wearing "

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Williams, Thomas J. T. (May 2012). "A Blaze in the Northern Sky: Black Metal and Crimes Against Culture".

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and against compassion, peace, happiness and fun. When asked why such statements were made to the press,

250:

Some claimed Euronymous "went into a fantasy world" and "tried to be as extreme as he had talked about".

5665: 5026: 5014:"In the Face of Death" – article about the early Norwegian black metal scene, focusing on Mayhem (2005) 4498: 2093: 4643: 242:

which he claimed as being made with bits of Dead's skull and gave them to musicians he deemed worthy.

5607: 4856: 1752: 542: 326:, which was based at Helvete. It released albums by Norwegian bands Mayhem and Burzum, Swedish bands 2934: 2712: 1821:

recorded together in December 1992 but released separately in May 1993 and August 1994 respectively

1159:

Norwegian black metal fans even plotted to kidnap and murder certain Swedish death metal musicians.

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recorded in September 1992 (Vocals in 1993) at Grieghallen Studio but not released until May 1994

1188:

as "trendies" due to Darkthrone originally being a death metal band who later played black metal.

1176:) on early pressings of their first album and innuendo and snarky comments were made in fanzines. 919:

They told the journalists details about the arsons that had not been released to the press and so

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The album that defined early Norwegian black metal – Interview with Fenriz with English subtitles

530: 210: 4160: 3255: 6139: 5994: 5684: 5632: 5599: 5544: 5519: 5504: 3644:"Editorial: Regarding Euronymous' Claim that 'Almost ALL Norwegian Bands are More or Less Nazis 2317: 1087: 5287: 4934: 4805: 4748: 3215: 3167: 2982: 386:-like group of militant Satanists whose activities were funded by his record shop, and a 1993 6104: 6024: 5989: 5875: 5786: 5753: 5731: 5584: 5514: 5494: 5275: 5139: 5109: 5097: 4851: 3097:

I am the Black Wizards: Multiplicity, mysticism and identity in black metal music and culture

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During the time it was open, Helvete was the focal point of the Norwegian black metal scene.

64: 6009: 5554: 5013: 4330: 3024: 689: 559: 6099: 5818: 5524: 5402: 5146: 4368: 4224: 4196: 2631:'TRVE': The Norwegian Black Metal Scene: A Subcultural Study of Transgression through Music 2368: 1678: 631: 516: 507: 503: 475: 2752: 2745: 1109:

the apartment with 23 cut wounds – two to the head, five to the neck, and 16 to the back.

377:'s guitar player Varg Vikernes had already left the band to form his own creation, Burzum. 8: 6019: 6004: 5748: 5617: 5579: 5534: 5529: 5489: 5134: 2541: 2246: 1815: 1795: 1627: 1114: 649: 526: 190:, in which guitarists played full chords using all the strings of the guitar in place of 4874:

Petersen, Jesper Aagaard (2004). "Modern Satanism: Dark Doctrines and Black Flames". In

4846: 4102: 3514: 3043: 1180:'s vocalist Nuclear Holocausto used the rivalry to play a series of telephone pranks on 534: 6050: 5953: 5456: 5429: 5424: 5417: 5282: 5057: 4994: 4911: 4801: 3619: 3602: 2722: 2111: 1732: 1588: 471: 291: 253:

Two other members of the scene would later commit suicide: Erik 'Grim' Brødreskift (of

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in Bergen – Varg Vikernes is strongly suspected as the culprit, but was not convicted.

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recorded in November–December 1993 at Necrohell Studio and released in February 1994

2065:

recorded March–April 1993 at Grieghallen Studio but not released until February 1994

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recorded in September 1992 at Grieghallen Studio but not released until April 1994

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recorded in October 1993 at Stovner Rockefabrikk but not released until Fall 1994

2201:

recorded in July 1993 at Grieghallen Studio but not released until September 1994

413:

Devil worshippers who wanted to spread hatred, sorrow and evil. They attacked the

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Precious Metal: Decibel Presents the Stories Behind 25 Extreme Metal Masterpieces

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recorded in March 1993 at Grieghallen Studio but not released until January 1996

1432:

recorded in August 1991 at Creative Studios but not released until February 1992

1308: 1288: 903: 484: 422: 414: 254: 1703:

recorded in August 1992 at Grieghallen Studio but not released until March 1993

1595:

recorded in April 1992 at Grieghallen Studio but not released until August 1993

1237:

recorded in February/March 1987 at Creative Studios and released in August 1987

949:

Shortly after this episode, the Oslo police dispatched its Church Fire Group to

685: 5549: 5203: 3516:

Satan: The Perfect Man: A Symbol and Gender Analysis of Satanism in Black Metal

2273:

recorded in September 1993 at Grieghallen Studio and released in November 1993

2266: 1537: 1177: 638: 595: 563: 444: 303: 4768: 4492: 2904:

Aites, Aaron (director, producer); Ewell, Audrey (director, producer) (2009).

2483:(1994), aired on Norwegian TV by the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation (NRK). 1315:

recorded live on 26 November 1990 but not released officially until July 1993

953:, where they set up a makeshift headquarters in the Hotel Norge. According to 6093: 6045: 5923: 5855: 5736: 5707: 5188: 5183: 5102: 4942: 4786: 3597: 1771: 1342: 1181: 1131: 1055: 958: 850: 319: 307: 206: 187: 179: 139: 93: 36: 1849: 154: 5938: 5933: 5897: 5887: 5870: 5811: 5770: 5642: 5449: 5412: 5374: 5362: 5352: 5342: 5307: 5292: 5250: 5240: 5225: 5198: 5161: 4335: 4295: 3579: 2717: 2601: 1685:

recorded in June 1992 at Creative Studios but not released until June 1993

1122: 962: 843: 728: 591: 575: 567: 440: 347: 266: 246: 191: 163: 128: 32: 3301: 1544:

recorded in January 1992 at Grieghallen Studio and released in March 1992

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recorded in September–October 1992 at Lydloftet and released in May 1993

1077: 871: 735: 410: 374: 366: 335: 315: 175: 116: 92:

genre and produced some of the most acclaimed and influential artists in

89: 44: 4706: 1837:

recorded in December 1992 at Rolf's Cellar and released in January 1993

1162:

There was also rivalry between Norwegian and Finnish black metal bands.

104: 5963: 5928: 5838: 5806: 5801: 5760: 5407: 5317: 5312: 5215: 5210: 5193: 5173: 5156: 5124: 3652: 2520: 1793:

recorded in October–December 1992, re-released as a full-length album,

1615:

recorded in April 1992 at Grieghallen Studio and released in July 1992

1364:

recorded in April 1991 at Notodden Lydstudio and released in July 1991

1231: 1185: 1118: 1013: 829: 710: 671: 467: 401:

the police and media. The store has since been reopened under the name

225: 183: 143: 4574:"Burzum – Discography – Official Releases – "Hvis Lyset Tar Oss" 1994" 4524:"Burzum – Discography – Official Releases – "Det Som Engang Var" 1993" 369:

bands transformed into black metal bands. Amputation became Immortal,

272: 5850: 5845: 5833: 5828: 5791: 5655: 5439: 5395: 5337: 5322: 5265: 5230: 5220: 5151: 5114: 4915: 4141: 4139: 4137: 4135: 4133: 4131: 4129: 4127: 4125: 3220:. Second printing. Brooklyn, New York: Bazillion Points 2009, p. 247. 2407:

recorded in late Winter 1993 at MC Quake Studio and released in 1994

1990: 1697: 696: 642: 587: 521: 487: 262: 258: 218: 40: 4431:

The End of a Legend? Isten smokes Holocaust Vengeance out of BEHERIT

4217: 760: 660: 5958: 5948: 5860: 5297: 5260: 4207: 4205: 4077: 4075: 4050: 4048: 4046: 4021: 4019: 3922: 3920: 3886: 3884: 3882: 3880: 3878: 3876: 3874: 3778: 3776: 3774: 3772: 3770: 3478:

Sound of the Beast: the Complete Headbanging History of Heavy Metal

3223: 3185:

Sound of the Beast: the Complete Headbanging History of Heavy Metal

2233:

recorded June–September 1993 at SL-Studio and released in November

1033: 901:

In January 1993, an article in one of Norway's biggest newspapers,

836: 815: 767: 753: 746: 579: 498: 388: 354: 331: 239: 124: 4728: 4549:"Burzum – Discography – Official Releases – "Aske" (mini-LP) 1993" 4365:"Mayhem's Necrobutcher: I Was on My Way to Kill Euronymous Myself" 4122: 3817: 3815: 3198: 3196: 3194: 2952: 774: 6055: 4509: 3788: 3409: 2149:

recorded in June 1993 at Rolf's Cellar and released in July 1993

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Lords of Chaos: The Bloody Rise of the Satanic Metal Underground

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use violence." He was released in March for lack of evidence.

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Children of Lucifer: The Origins of Modern Religious Satanism

4644:"Burzum – Discography – Official Releases – 'Filosofem' 1996" 4392:"Norway's most notorious musician to be released from prison" 2305:

recorded on 15–17 October 1993 and released in November 1993

1348:

recorded in March 1991 at Studio S and released in July 1991

1146:

There was a strong rivalry between Norwegian black metal and

842:

3 September: attempted burning of Vågsbygd church college in

798: 583: 322:. Euronymous also founded an independent record label called 159: 546:, Vikernes and Euronymous had allegedly plotted to bomb the 984: 653: 383: 299: 295: 120: 108: 2835:

Ledang, Martin (director); Aasdal, Pål (director) (2007).

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List of musicians in the early Norwegian black metal scene

2253:

recorded August–September 1993 and released in early 1994

3483: 3549:"MLO. Misantropiska Lucifer Orden". In Jon Kristiansen, 515:

important historical landmarks. The first was Norway's

4225:"Varg Vikernes – A Burzum Story: Part II – Euronymous" 3896: 3577:

Halupczok, Marc. "Waldschrate & Met-Trinker". In:

3187:. New York: HarperCollins Publishers Inc. p. 271. 3133: 3131: 610:

The following is a partial list of the church arsons:

4935:"Adolescent Satanism, Metal Satanism, Cyber-Satanism" 3740: 1977:

recorded in February 1993 and released in March 1993

350:, while its window featured a polystyrene tombstone. 3681: 3625: 2591: 804:

26 December: attempted burning of Klemestrud Church.

699:– a firefighter was killed while fighting this fire. 342:

lived in the shop at various times. Emperor drummer

3341: 3128: 1494:recorded on 6–7 December 1991 at Slakten Lydstudio 1141: 674:– Varg Vikernes and Samoth were convicted for this. 478:in the scene. Some scene members also flirted with 4156: 4154: 3859: 3258:Lucifer Rising: Sin, Devil Worship and Rock'n'Roll 2744: 1915:recorded in fall 1992 and released on 1 June 1993 835:21 July: attempted burning of a church college in 550:, which appears on the album cover. The musicians 88:of the 1990s is credited with creating the modern 4841: 4316: 4260: 4248: 4211: 4145: 4081: 4066: 4054: 4037: 4025: 3926: 3890: 3833: 3821: 3806: 3794: 3782: 3761: 3734: 3528: 3464: 3439: 3427: 3415: 3403: 3371: 3359: 3280: 3241: 3229: 3202: 3122: 3110: 3100:(MA). Bowling Green State University. p. 27. 2970: 2958: 2920: 2861: 2685: 6091: 3394:, no. 2, August 1993. Retrieved 30 January 2013. 2899: 2897: 2895: 2893: 2891: 2889: 2887: 2885: 2883: 4191: 4189: 4187: 4169: 4151: 3382: 3380: 2830: 2828: 2826: 2824: 2822: 2820: 2818: 2816: 2814: 2812: 2794: 1463:recorded in October 1991 at Notodden Lydstudio 1204:, while the rest are demos and extended plays. 928: 783:13 August: attempted burning of Loop Chapel in 4806:"Satan the Musician: Black Metal and Satanism" 4092: 4090: 2839:(motion picture). Another World Entertainment. 2045:recorded in March 1993 at Grim Sweeper Studio 1166:printed "No orders from Norway accepted" and " 695:25 December: burning of a Methodist church in 5692: 5034: 4099:"Interview with former Emperor drummer Faust" 3586: 2976: 2880: 2867: 2848: 2846: 2217:recorded in August 1993 at Verftet Lydstudio 1575:recorded on 4–5 April 1992 at SIFA Lydstudio 1167: 861: 766:19 June: attempted burning of Heni Church in 752:17 May: attempted burning of Åmodt Chapel in 493: 4184: 3377: 3256:"A personal review of Gavin Baddeley's book 2809: 2165:recorded in June 1993 at Grieghallen Studio 2077:Journey Through the Cold Moors of Svarttjern 2029:recorded in March 1993 and released in 1994 1117:, tie him up and torture him to death while 780:21 July: attempted burning of Odda's Church. 709:7 February: burning of Lundby New Church in 298:"). The shop was at Schweigaards gate 56 in 4087: 3957: 3955: 3608: 3562: 3501: 3489: 2117:recorded in May 1993 at Soundsuite Studios 1665:recorded on 28–29 June 1992 at Micro Music 466:Some bands in the scene were interested in 463:tended to use other terms for their music. 213:(known by the stage name "Dead") committed 5699: 5685: 5041: 5027: 4800: 4751:. In Bogdan, Henrik; Hammer, Olav (eds.). 4729:"Helvete – historien om norsk black metal" 3993: 3991: 3989: 3987: 3985: 3983: 3953: 3951: 3949: 3947: 3945: 3943: 3941: 3939: 3937: 3935: 3698: 3696: 3089: 3087: 2843: 2706: 2704: 2702: 2700: 2698: 2696: 2694: 2675:(motion picture). Norway: Grude, Torstein. 2474: 2289:recorded in September 1993 at Star Studio 1719:recorded in September 1992 at Star Studio 893: 338:. Euronymous, Varg, and Emperor guitarist 4941:. Oxford Studies in Western Esotericism. 4932: 4420:(motion picture). Bill Zebub Productions. 4409: 4272:Steinke, Darcey. "Satan's Cheerleaders". 3704:"Norwegian Church Draws Black Metal Fans" 3571: 3172:by Sigh was produced by Deathlike Silence 2932: 1191: 540:To coincide with the release of Mayhem's 273:Helvete, ideology, and the "Black Circle" 265:) in 1999 and Espen 'Storm' Andersen (of 4970: 4902: 4873: 4746: 4497:(Videotape) (in English and Norwegian). 4389: 3902: 3253: 2581:Helvete – historien om norsk black metal 497: 276: 153: 4903:Petersen, Jesper Aagaard, ed. (2016) . 4755:. Brill Esotericism Reference Library. 4328: 3980: 3932: 3693: 3519:. University of Gothenburg, 2010. p. 7. 3182: 3176: 3084: 2742: 2710: 2691: 2666: 2664: 2662: 2660: 2658: 2656: 2654: 2652: 2650: 968: 870:killed Magne Andreassen, a gay man, in 734:27 March: burning of Seegård Church in 6092: 4447:"The Oath of the Goat's Black Blood". 4197:"A Burzum Story: Part II – Euronymous" 3844: 3842: 3665: 3616:Nordic Metal – A Tribute to Euronymous 3567:. Bazillion Points Books. p. 274. 3553:. Bazillion Points Books 2011, p. 551. 2736: 2628: 2528:Murder Music: A History of Black Metal 2468:recorded in 1993 and released in 1994 149: 5680: 5022: 4601:. Deathlike Silence Productions 1994. 4280: 3687: 3631: 3347: 3093: 2986:magazine (1998): Hellhammer interview 2501:(2003), aired on Norwegian TV by the 1291:as vocalist and appeared on the 1991 1057: 1044: 1015: 941:because of that." Norwegian magazine 3007:magazine #15: Necrobutcher interview 2647: 2081:recorded on the midst of April 1993 4878:; Petersen, Jesper Aagaard (eds.). 4357: 4329:Campion, Chris (20 February 2005). 3855:(motion picture). Seville Pictures. 3839: 2933:Distefano, Alex (15 October 2013). 2853:Rydehed, Stefan (director) (2008). 2711:Campion, Chris (20 February 2005). 2671:Grude, Torstein (director) (1998). 1360:Open the Mysteries of Your Creation 821:25 May: burning of Såner Church in 759:4 June: burning of Frogn Church in 474:, and there was an undercurrent of 224:Dead was found by Mayhem guitarist 13: 6125:Anti-Christian sentiment in Norway 4753:Western Esotericism in Scandinavia 3453:Black Metal: Evolution of the Cult 2503:Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation 828:14 June: burning of Moe Church in 814:13 May: burning of Lord Church in 797:22 December: attempted burning of 790:10 December: attempted burning of 119:views, presenting themselves as a 14: 6151: 6000:Early Norwegian black metal scene 5706: 5007: 4855:(Revised and expanded ed.). 4294:. 9 February 2013. Archived from 4096: 3716:from the original on 30 July 2020 3480:. New York: Harper Collins, 2004. 3254:Vikernes, Varg (13 August 2004). 3025:MusicMight: Biography of Immortal 2910:(motion picture). Variance Films. 2801:Dome, Michael (director) (2007). 2549:Black Metal: The Norwegian Legacy 1744:September 1992 – sometime in 1993 1174:Death to the arseholes of Norway! 727:13 March: burning of a church in 200: 5661: 5660: 5560:New wave of American heavy metal 4721: 4699: 4683: 4661: 4636: 4620: 4604: 4591: 4566: 4541: 4516: 4481: 4459: 4390:Michaels, Sean (11 March 2009). 3668:"Documents: Euronymous as Kafka" 3565:Metalion: The Slayer Mag Diaries 3551:Metalion: The Slayer Mag Diaries 2594: 1142:Conflict with other music scenes 308:Varg "Count Grishnackh" Vikernes 6061:New wave of British heavy metal 5565:New wave of British heavy metal 5048: 4906:Contemporary Religious Satanism 4739: 4440: 4424: 4383: 4322: 4266: 3908: 3659: 3637: 3556: 3543: 3534: 3507: 3470: 3445: 3316: 3286: 3247: 3208: 3161: 3061: 3036: 3018: 2997: 2926: 2857:(motion picture). Index Verlag. 2805:(motion picture). Rockworld TV. 2565:(2010), produced by Bill Zebub. 2563:Black Metal: The Music of Satan 2551:(2008), produced by Bill Zebub. 773:7 July: burning of a church in 4991:10.1179/1465518712Z.0000000006 4416:Bill Zebub (director) (2007). 3388:"Northern Black Metal Legends" 3139:"Øystein 'Euronymous' Aarseth" 3094:Olson, Benjamin Hedge (2008). 2769: 2622: 688:in Bergen – Varg Vikernes and 1: 4317:Moynihan & Søderlind 2003 4261:Moynihan & Søderlind 2003 4249:Moynihan & Søderlind 2003 4212:Moynihan & Søderlind 2003 4146:Moynihan & Søderlind 2003 4082:Moynihan & Søderlind 2003 4067:Moynihan & Søderlind 2003 4055:Moynihan & Søderlind 2003 4038:Moynihan & Søderlind 2003 4026:Moynihan & Søderlind 2003 3927:Moynihan & Søderlind 2003 3891:Moynihan & Søderlind 2003 3852:Metal: A Headbanger's Journey 3834:Moynihan & Søderlind 2003 3822:Moynihan & Søderlind 2003 3807:Moynihan & Søderlind 2003 3795:Moynihan & Søderlind 2003 3783:Moynihan & Søderlind 2003 3762:Moynihan & Søderlind 2003 3735:Moynihan & Søderlind 2003 3529:Moynihan & Søderlind 2003 3465:Moynihan & Søderlind 2003 3440:Moynihan & Søderlind 2003 3428:Moynihan & Søderlind 2003 3416:Moynihan & Søderlind 2003 3404:Moynihan & Søderlind 2003 3372:Moynihan & Søderlind 2003 3360:Moynihan & Søderlind 2003 3281:Moynihan & Søderlind 2003 3242:Moynihan & Søderlind 2003 3230:Moynihan & Søderlind 2003 3203:Moynihan & Søderlind 2003 3123:Moynihan & Søderlind 2003 3111:Moynihan & Søderlind 2003 2971:Moynihan & Søderlind 2003 2959:Moynihan & Søderlind 2003 2935:"The 10 Goriest Album Covers" 2921:Moynihan & Søderlind 2003 2686:Moynihan & Søderlind 2003 2629:Hoffin, Kevin (1 July 2017). 2615: 2510:Metal: A Headbanger's Journey 2391:recorded in late Winter 1993 2013:recorded on 27–28 March 1993 1609:Diabolical Fullmoon Mysticism 1293:Projections of a Stained Mind 741:16 May: attempted burning of 619:23 May: attempted burning of 457:Misanthropic Luciferian Order 324:Deathlike Silence Productions 247:Jørn 'Necrobutcher' Stubberud 158:Norwegian black metal singer 111:. In interviews, they voiced 4003:Den norske kirke, Kirkerådet 3967:Den norske kirke, Kirkerådet 3849:Sam Dunn (director) (2005). 1649:recorded on 21–22 June 1992 417:for being too "humane". The 184:Øystein "Euronymous" Aarseth 7: 5570:Early Norwegian black metal 4881:Controversial New Religions 4468:A Blaze in the Northern Sky 3141:. June 1992. Archived from 2868:Basik, Dmitry (June 1998). 2587: 1426:A Blaze in the Northern Sky 1047: Euronymous, aged 25) 86:Norwegian black metal scene 10: 6156: 6120:Cultural history of Norway 4884:(1st ed.). New York: 4810:Satanism: A Social History 4747:Dyrendal, Asbjørn (2016). 4707:"Until the Light Takes Us" 4418:Black Metal: A Documentary 4161:Varg Vikernes's review of 3455:. Feral House, 2013. p.155 2837:Once Upon a Time in Norway 2535:Once Upon a Time in Norway 2517:Black Metal: A Documentary 2339:recorded in November 1993 2099:recorded on 28 April 1993 2094:A Sorcery Written in Blood 1715:Bloodlust & Perversion 1633:recorded on 8–11 May 1992 1169:Kuolema Norjan kusipäille! 862:Murder of Magne Andreassen 566:) were also convicted for 494:Church arsons and attempts 355:Jon "Metalion" Kristiansen 6074: 6033: 5977: 5906: 5779: 5714: 5651: 5598: 5480: 5383: 5056: 4933:van Luijk, Ruben (2016). 4857:Port Townsend, Washington 4769:10.1163/9789004325968_062 4717:– via www.imdb.com. 4677:23 September 2015 at the 4599:De Mysteriis Dom Sathanas 3563:Kristiansen, Jon (2011). 3030:10 September 2012 at the 2803:Murder Music: Black Metal 2751:. Da Capo Press. p. 2573:(2018), film directed by 2181:recorded on 19 July 1993 1961:recorded in January 1993 1753:De Mysteriis Dom Sathanas 1136:De Mysteriis Dom Sathanas 1102: 1094: 1083: 1073: 1065: 1051: 1039: 1023: 1009: 991: 980: 975: 929: 666:13 September: burning of 558:, (both of Emperor), and 543:De Mysteriis Dom Sathanas 75: 70: 63: 58: 50: 28: 23: 6115:Social history of Norway 6110:1990s in Norwegian music 4179:'Count' Regrets Nothing" 3750:'Count' Regrets Nothing" 3666:Valter (29 April 2008). 2907:Until the Light Takes Us 2743:Mudrian, Albert (2009). 2556:Until the Light Takes Us 2434:Der Vinterstormene Raste 2195:In the Nightside Eclipse 1896:The Call of the Ice Wind 1459:Into the Woods of Belial 1382:recorded on 3 June 1991 692:were convicted for this. 684:24 December: burning of 659:1 September: burning of 357:, writer of the fanzine 316:Snorre "Blackthorn" Ruch 232:Dawn of the Black Hearts 176:Snorre "Blackthorn" Ruch 123:-like group of militant 6135:Heavy metal by location 5985:Australian thrash metal 5510:Bangladeshi heavy metal 5500:Australian thrash metal 4947:Oxford University Press 4886:Oxford University Press 4437:, no. 6, 1995, pp. 44f. 3298:www.neseblodrecords.com 2475:Documentaries and films 2009:The Forest Is My Throne 849:3 November: burning of 281:The basement of Helvete 5995:Brazilian thrash metal 5633:Heavy metal subculture 5545:Indigenous metal music 5520:Brazilian thrash metal 5505:Australian heavy metal 4908:: A Critical Anthology 4331:"In the face of death" 3012:23 August 2007 at the 2991:23 August 2007 at the 2870:"Hellhammer interview" 2713:"In the Face of Death" 2355:recorded in Fall 1993 2318:A Darker Shade of Evil 1973:Rehearsal / Demo 02.93 1192:List of music releases 1168: 997:; 31 years ago 677:3 October: burning of 648:21 August: burning of 511: 433:According to the book 379: 334:, and a Japanese band 282: 209:vocalist and lyricist 166: 6025:Teutonic thrash metal 5990:Bay Area thrash metal 5787:Blackened death metal 5585:Teutonic thrash metal 5515:Bay Area thrash metal 5495:Argentine heavy metal 5110:Blackened death metal 4163:Satan Rides the Media 3999:"Startside kirken.no" 3963:"Startside kirken.no" 3183:Christe, Ian (2003). 2493:Satan Rides the Media 2225:In the Woods ... 2133:recorded in May 1993 1969:In the Woods ... 930:"Vi tente på kirkene" 637:1 August: burning of 501: 363: 340:Tomas "Samoth" Haugen 280: 178:of Stigma Diabolicum/ 157: 65:Symphonic black metal 24:Norwegian black metal 16:Norwegian music scene 5525:Canadian heavy metal 4949:. pp. 381–385. 4820:. pp. 462–501. 4763:. pp. 481–488. 4749:"Satanism in Norway" 4692:Transilvanian Hunger 4491:(16 November 2020). 4475:11 July 2012 at the 4369:Consequence of Sound 3914:Kristiansen, p. 261. 3866:Black Metal Satanica 3583:. March 2010. p. 30. 3540:Kristiansen, p. 222. 3324:"Black Metal Museum" 2876:on 19 February 2008. 2519:(2006), produced by 2369:Transilvanian Hunger 2213:Eerily Howling Winds 1679:Under a Funeral Moon 1287:these songs feature 1060: Varg Vikernes 1043:1 (Øystein Aarseth, 976:Murder of Euronymous 969:Murder of Euronymous 632:Fantoft stave church 517:Fantoft Stave Church 504:Fantoft Stave Church 476:romantic nationalism 468:pre-Christian Norway 6020:Swedish death metal 6005:Florida death metal 5580:Swedish death metal 5535:Florida death metal 5530:Chinese heavy metal 5490:African heavy metal 5288:Neue Deutsche Härte 4802:Introvigne, Massimo 4670:Dark Medieval Times 4629:As the Shadows Rise 4499:Nasjonalbiblioteket 3504:, pp. 266–269. 3328:blackmetalmuseum.no 3217:Swedish Death Metal 3145:on 9 September 2009 2855:Pure Fucking Mayhem 2542:Pure Fucking Mayhem 2247:Dark Medieval Times 1816:As the Shadows Rise 1796:Servants of Sorcery 1628:Wrath of the Tyrant 1148:Swedish death metal 1115:electroshock weapon 1088:First-degree murder 1056:Kristian Vikernes, 995:10 August 1993 927:. It was headlined 868:Bård "Faust" Eithun 866:On 21 August 1992, 650:Holmenkollen Chapel 630:6 June: burning of 527:Holmenkollen Chapel 344:Bård "Faust" Eithun 150:Musical innovations 54:Early 1990s, Norway 6051:heavy metal genres 6010:Les Légions Noires 5954:neoclassical metal 5727:National Socialist 5555:Les Légions Noires 5283:Neoclassical metal 5093:National Socialist 4974:Public Archaeology 4298:on 9 February 2013 4288:"Mayhem Biography" 3620:Necropolis Records 3603:Osmose Productions 3451:Patterson, Dayal. 3294:"Neseblod Records" 3232:, pp. 99–101. 3044:"Erik Brødreskift" 2723:Guardian Unlimited 2112:Black Seared Heart 1733:Hvis lyset tar oss 1589:Det som engang var 1098:21 years in prison 690:Jørn Inge Tunsberg 560:Jørn Inge Tunsberg 512: 283: 221:while performing. 169:During the 1980s, 167: 142:for the murder of 6087: 6086: 6015:Palm Desert Scene 5919:beatdown hardcore 5914:Avant-garde metal 5674: 5673: 5333:Progressive metal 5078:Beatdown hardcore 5073:Avant-garde metal 5068:Alternative metal 4956:978-0-19-027512-9 4925:978-0-7546-5286-1 4895:978-0-19-515682-9 4847:Søderlind, Didrik 4843:Moynihan, Michael 4827:978-90-04-28828-7 4778:978-90-04-30241-9 4371:. 15 October 2019 4148:, pp. 95–97. 3712:. 5 August 2004. 3656:. 5 January 2017. 3614:Various artists: 3386:Lahdenpera, Esa. 3214:Ekeroth, Daniel. 2961:, pp. 59–60. 2762:978-0-306-81806-6 2640:978-1-973703-86-0 2499:Norsk Black Metal 2472: 2471: 2177:Through the Woods 2073:Carpathian Forest 1711:Carpathian Forest 1455:Thou Shalt Suffer 1356:Thou Shalt Suffer 1260:Stigma Diabolicum 1249:Luna De Nocturnus 1245:Stigma Diabolicum 1119:filming the event 1106: 1105: 1014:Øystein Aarseth, 621:Storetveit Church 548:Nidaros Cathedral 419:theistic Satanism 371:Thou Shalt Suffer 205:On 8 April 1991, 82: 81: 77:List of musicians 29:Stylistic origins 6147: 5907:Derivative forms 5797:crossover thrash 5701: 5694: 5687: 5678: 5677: 5664: 5663: 5613:Environmentalism 5384:Musical elements 5368:Crossover thrash 5246:Industrial metal 5043: 5036: 5029: 5020: 5019: 5002: 4983:Maney Publishing 4967: 4965: 4963: 4929: 4912:Abingdon, Oxford 4899: 4870: 4838: 4836: 4834: 4818:Brill Publishers 4797: 4795: 4793: 4761:Brill Publishers 4733: 4732: 4725: 4719: 4718: 4716: 4714: 4709:. 12 August 2010 4703: 4697: 4687: 4681: 4665: 4659: 4658: 4656: 4654: 4640: 4634: 4624: 4618: 4608: 4602: 4595: 4589: 4588: 4586: 4584: 4570: 4564: 4563: 4561: 4559: 4545: 4539: 4538: 4536: 4534: 4520: 4514: 4513: 4507: 4505: 4485: 4479: 4463: 4457: 4456: 4444: 4438: 4428: 4422: 4421: 4413: 4407: 4406: 4404: 4402: 4387: 4381: 4380: 4378: 4376: 4361: 4355: 4354: 4349: 4347: 4326: 4320: 4314: 4308: 4307: 4305: 4303: 4284: 4278: 4270: 4264: 4258: 4252: 4246: 4240: 4239: 4237: 4235: 4221: 4215: 4209: 4200: 4195:Vikernes, Varg: 4193: 4182: 4178: 4173: 4167: 4158: 4149: 4143: 4120: 4119: 4112: 4110: 4101:. 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4666: 4662: 4652: 4650: 4642: 4641: 4637: 4625: 4621: 4609: 4605: 4596: 4592: 4582: 4580: 4572: 4571: 4567: 4557: 4555: 4547: 4546: 4542: 4532: 4530: 4522: 4521: 4517: 4503: 4501: 4487: 4486: 4482: 4477:Wayback Machine 4464: 4460: 4446: 4445: 4441: 4429: 4425: 4415: 4414: 4410: 4400: 4398: 4388: 4384: 4374: 4372: 4363: 4362: 4358: 4345: 4343: 4327: 4323: 4315: 4311: 4301: 4299: 4286: 4285: 4281: 4271: 4267: 4259: 4255: 4247: 4243: 4233: 4231: 4223: 4222: 4218: 4210: 4203: 4194: 4185: 4176: 4174: 4170: 4159: 4152: 4144: 4123: 4108: 4106: 4105:on 29 June 2006 4095: 4088: 4080: 4073: 4065: 4061: 4053: 4044: 4036: 4032: 4024: 4017: 4007: 4005: 3997: 3996: 3981: 3971: 3969: 3961: 3960: 3933: 3925: 3918: 3913: 3909: 3901: 3897: 3889: 3872: 3864: 3860: 3848: 3847: 3840: 3832: 3828: 3820: 3813: 3805: 3801: 3797:, p. 269f. 3793: 3789: 3781: 3768: 3760: 3756: 3747: 3745: 3741: 3733: 3729: 3719: 3717: 3702: 3701: 3694: 3686: 3682: 3672: 3670: 3664: 3660: 3645: 3642: 3638: 3630: 3626: 3613: 3609: 3591: 3587: 3576: 3572: 3561: 3557: 3548: 3544: 3539: 3535: 3527: 3523: 3513:Fridh, Samuel. 3512: 3508: 3500: 3496: 3488: 3484: 3475: 3471: 3463: 3459: 3450: 3446: 3438: 3434: 3426: 3422: 3418:, p. 218f. 3414: 3410: 3402: 3398: 3385: 3378: 3370: 3366: 3358: 3354: 3346: 3342: 3332: 3330: 3322: 3321: 3317: 3307: 3305: 3292: 3291: 3287: 3279: 3275: 3265: 3263: 3252: 3248: 3240: 3236: 3228: 3224: 3213: 3209: 3201: 3192: 3181: 3177: 3166: 3162: 3148: 3146: 3137: 3136: 3129: 3121: 3117: 3109: 3105: 3092: 3085: 3066: 3062: 3052: 3050: 3042: 3041: 3037: 3032:Wayback Machine 3023: 3019: 3014:Wayback Machine 3002: 2998: 2993:Wayback Machine 2984:Sounds of Death 2981: 2977: 2969: 2965: 2957: 2953: 2943: 2941: 2931: 2927: 2919: 2915: 2903: 2902: 2881: 2866: 2862: 2852: 2851: 2844: 2834: 2833: 2810: 2800: 2799: 2795: 2785: 2783: 2775: 2774: 2770: 2763: 2741: 2737: 2727: 2725: 2709: 2692: 2684: 2680: 2673:Satan rir Media 2670: 2669: 2648: 2641: 2627: 2623: 2618: 2600: 2593: 2590: 2488:Satan rir Media 2477: 2387:Forgotten Woods 2383:Forgotten Woods 2173:Forgotten Woods 2021:Ildjarn-Nidhogg 1928: 1813: 1522: 1328: 1309:Live in Leipzig 1194: 1144: 1090: 1026: 1001: 999: 996: 971: 904:Bergens Tidende 899: 895:Bergens Tidende 864: 681:Church in Oslo. 663:Church in Oslo. 496: 423:totalitarianism 415:Church of Satan 275: 245:Mayhem bassist 211:Per Yngve Ohlin 203: 152: 17: 12: 11: 5: 6153: 6143: 6142: 6137: 6132: 6127: 6122: 6117: 6112: 6107: 6102: 6085: 6084: 6082: 6081: 6075: 6072: 6071: 6069: 6068: 6063: 6058: 6053: 6048: 6043: 6037: 6035: 6031: 6030: 6028: 6027: 6022: 6017: 6012: 6007: 6002: 5997: 5992: 5987: 5981: 5979: 5978:Notable scenes 5975: 5974: 5972: 5971: 5966: 5961: 5956: 5951: 5946: 5941: 5936: 5931: 5926: 5921: 5916: 5910: 5908: 5904: 5903: 5901: 5900: 5895: 5890: 5885: 5880: 5879: 5878: 5873: 5868: 5863: 5858: 5853: 5843: 5842: 5841: 5836: 5826: 5821: 5819:death 'n' roll 5816: 5815: 5814: 5804: 5799: 5794: 5789: 5783: 5781: 5777: 5776: 5774: 5773: 5768: 5763: 5758: 5757: 5756: 5751: 5741: 5740: 5739: 5734: 5729: 5718: 5716: 5712: 5711: 5704: 5703: 5696: 5689: 5681: 5672: 5671: 5669: 5668: 5658: 5652: 5649: 5648: 5646: 5645: 5640: 5635: 5630: 5625: 5620: 5615: 5610: 5604: 5602: 5596: 5595: 5593: 5592: 5587: 5582: 5577: 5572: 5567: 5562: 5557: 5552: 5550:Japanese metal 5547: 5542: 5537: 5532: 5527: 5522: 5517: 5512: 5507: 5502: 5497: 5492: 5486: 5484: 5481:Notable scenes 5478: 5477: 5475: 5474: 5473: 5472: 5467: 5459: 5454: 5453: 5452: 5447: 5442: 5437: 5432: 5422: 5421: 5420: 5415: 5410: 5400: 5399: 5398: 5387: 5385: 5381: 5380: 5378: 5377: 5372: 5371: 5370: 5360: 5355: 5350: 5345: 5340: 5335: 5330: 5325: 5320: 5315: 5310: 5305: 5300: 5295: 5290: 5285: 5280: 5279: 5278: 5273: 5263: 5258: 5253: 5248: 5243: 5238: 5233: 5228: 5223: 5218: 5213: 5208: 5207: 5206: 5204:Medieval metal 5201: 5191: 5186: 5181: 5176: 5171: 5166: 5165: 5164: 5154: 5149: 5147:Death 'n' roll 5144: 5143: 5142: 5137: 5127: 5122: 5117: 5112: 5107: 5106: 5105: 5100: 5095: 5085: 5080: 5075: 5070: 5064: 5062: 5054: 5053: 5046: 5045: 5038: 5031: 5023: 5017: 5016: 5009: 5008:External links 5006: 5004: 5003: 4968: 4955: 4930: 4924: 4900: 4894: 4871: 4865: 4839: 4826: 4798: 4777: 4743: 4741: 4738: 4735: 4734: 4720: 4698: 4696:at Discogs.com 4682: 4672:cassette cover 4660: 4648:www.burzum.org 4635: 4633:at Discogs.com 4619: 4617:at Discogs.com 4603: 4590: 4578:www.burzum.org 4565: 4553:www.burzum.org 4540: 4528:www.burzum.org 4515: 4480: 4458: 4455:: 28–32. 2003. 4449:Sinister Flame 4439: 4423: 4408: 4382: 4356: 4321: 4319:, p. 123. 4309: 4279: 4265: 4263:, p. 143. 4253: 4241: 4229:www.burzum.org 4216: 4214:, p. 120. 4201: 4183: 4168: 4150: 4121: 4086: 4084:, p. 114. 4071: 4069:, p. 113. 4059: 4057:, p. 116. 4042: 4040:, p. 112. 4030: 4028:, p. 111. 4015: 3979: 3931: 3929:, p. 117. 3916: 3907: 3895: 3893:, p. 82f. 3870: 3858: 3838: 3836:, p. 105. 3826: 3811: 3809:, p. 94f. 3799: 3787: 3785:, p. 141. 3766: 3754: 3739: 3737:, p. 106. 3727: 3692: 3690:, p. 103. 3680: 3658: 3636: 3634:, p. 101. 3624: 3607: 3585: 3570: 3555: 3542: 3533: 3531:, p. 255. 3521: 3506: 3494: 3482: 3476:Christe, Ian. 3469: 3467:, p. 134. 3457: 3444: 3442:, p. 137. 3432: 3430:, p. 161. 3420: 3408: 3406:, p. 222. 3396: 3376: 3364: 3362:, p. 220. 3352: 3340: 3315: 3285: 3273: 3246: 3234: 3222: 3207: 3190: 3175: 3160: 3127: 3115: 3113:, p. 119. 3103: 3083: 3081:, 2010, p. 78. 3060: 3035: 3017: 2996: 2975: 2963: 2951: 2925: 2913: 2879: 2860: 2842: 2808: 2793: 2781:Dictionary.com 2768: 2761: 2735: 2690: 2678: 2646: 2639: 2620: 2619: 2617: 2614: 2613: 2612: 2606: 2605: 2589: 2586: 2585: 2584: 2578: 2575:Jonas Åkerlund 2570:Lords of Chaos 2566: 2560: 2552: 2546: 2538: 2532: 2524: 2514: 2506: 2496: 2484: 2476: 2473: 2470: 2469: 2466: 2461: 2458: 2454: 2453: 2451: 2446: 2443: 2439: 2438: 2436: 2431: 2428: 2424: 2423: 2421: 2416: 2413: 2409: 2408: 2405: 2400: 2397: 2393: 2392: 2389: 2384: 2381: 2377: 2376: 2373: 2364: 2361: 2357: 2356: 2353: 2348: 2345: 2341: 2340: 2337: 2332: 2329: 2325: 2324: 2321: 2314: 2311: 2307: 2306: 2303: 2298: 2295: 2291: 2290: 2287: 2285:Nordisk vinter 2282: 2279: 2278:September 1993 2275: 2274: 2271: 2267:Pure Holocaust 2262: 2259: 2258:September 1993 2255: 2254: 2251: 2242: 2239: 2238:September 1993 2235: 2234: 2231: 2226: 2223: 2222:September 1993 2219: 2218: 2215: 2210: 2207: 2203: 2202: 2199: 2190: 2187: 2183: 2182: 2179: 2174: 2171: 2167: 2166: 2163: 2158: 2155: 2151: 2150: 2147: 2145:Medusa's Tears 2142: 2139: 2135: 2134: 2131: 2126: 2123: 2119: 2118: 2115: 2108: 2105: 2101: 2100: 2097: 2090: 2087: 2083: 2082: 2079: 2074: 2071: 2067: 2066: 2063: 2054: 2051: 2047: 2046: 2043: 2038: 2035: 2031: 2030: 2027: 2022: 2019: 2015: 2014: 2011: 2006: 2003: 1999: 1998: 1995: 1986: 1983: 1979: 1978: 1975: 1970: 1967: 1963: 1962: 1959: 1954: 1951: 1947: 1946: 1944: 1939: 1936: 1932: 1931: 1929: 1924: 1922: 1920: 1917: 1916: 1913: 1908: 1905: 1901: 1900: 1898: 1893: 1890: 1886: 1885: 1883: 1878: 1875: 1871: 1870: 1868: 1863: 1860: 1856: 1855: 1853: 1846: 1843: 1839: 1838: 1835: 1830: 1827: 1823: 1822: 1819: 1808: 1805: 1801: 1800: 1791: 1789:Rehearsal Demo 1786: 1783: 1779: 1778: 1775: 1768: 1765: 1761: 1760: 1757: 1748: 1745: 1741: 1740: 1737: 1728: 1725: 1724:September 1992 1721: 1720: 1717: 1712: 1709: 1708:September 1992 1705: 1704: 1701: 1694: 1691: 1687: 1686: 1683: 1674: 1671: 1667: 1666: 1663: 1658: 1655: 1651: 1650: 1647: 1642: 1639: 1635: 1634: 1631: 1624: 1621: 1617: 1616: 1613: 1604: 1601: 1597: 1596: 1593: 1584: 1581: 1577: 1576: 1573: 1568: 1565: 1561: 1560: 1558: 1556:Unknown Truths 1553: 1550: 1546: 1545: 1542: 1533: 1530: 1526: 1525: 1523: 1518: 1516: 1514: 1511: 1510: 1508: 1503: 1500: 1496: 1495: 1492: 1487: 1484: 1480: 1479: 1477: 1475:Burzum Demo II 1472: 1469: 1465: 1464: 1461: 1456: 1453: 1449: 1448: 1446: 1441: 1438: 1434: 1433: 1430: 1421: 1418: 1414: 1413: 1411: 1406: 1403: 1399: 1398: 1396: 1391: 1388: 1384: 1383: 1380: 1373: 1370: 1366: 1365: 1362: 1357: 1354: 1350: 1349: 1346: 1339: 1336: 1332: 1331: 1329: 1324: 1322: 1320: 1317: 1316: 1313: 1304: 1301: 1297: 1296: 1285: 1276: 1273: 1269: 1268: 1266: 1261: 1258: 1254: 1253: 1251: 1246: 1243: 1239: 1238: 1235: 1228: 1225: 1221: 1220: 1217: 1214: 1211: 1193: 1190: 1143: 1140: 1104: 1103: 1100: 1099: 1096: 1092: 1091: 1085: 1081: 1080: 1075: 1071: 1070: 1067: 1063: 1062: 1053: 1049: 1048: 1041: 1037: 1036: 1027: 1024: 1021: 1020: 1011: 1007: 1006: 993: 989: 988: 982: 978: 977: 970: 967: 955:Lords of Chaos 898: 892: 863: 860: 859: 858: 847: 840: 833: 826: 819: 806: 805: 802: 795: 788: 781: 778: 771: 764: 757: 750: 739: 732: 719: 718: 701: 700: 693: 682: 675: 664: 657: 646: 639:Revheim Church 635: 628: 598:of Mayhem and 596:Kjetil Manheim 564:Hades Almighty 495: 492: 472:its traditions 445:Kjetil Manheim 436:Lords of Chaos 395:Lucifer Rising 274: 271: 202: 201:Dead's suicide 199: 151: 148: 113:anti-Christian 80: 79: 73: 72: 68: 67: 61: 60: 56: 55: 52: 48: 47: 30: 26: 25: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6152: 6141: 6140:Mayhem (band) 6138: 6136: 6133: 6131: 6128: 6126: 6123: 6121: 6118: 6116: 6113: 6111: 6108: 6106: 6103: 6101: 6098: 6097: 6095: 6080: 6079:List of bands 6077: 6076: 6073: 6067: 6064: 6062: 6059: 6057: 6054: 6052: 6049: 6047: 6046:hardcore punk 6044: 6042: 6039: 6038: 6036: 6032: 6026: 6023: 6021: 6018: 6016: 6013: 6011: 6008: 6006: 6003: 6001: 5998: 5996: 5993: 5991: 5988: 5986: 5983: 5982: 5980: 5976: 5970: 5967: 5965: 5962: 5960: 5957: 5955: 5952: 5950: 5947: 5945: 5942: 5940: 5937: 5935: 5932: 5930: 5927: 5925: 5924:dungeon synth 5922: 5920: 5917: 5915: 5912: 5911: 5909: 5905: 5899: 5896: 5894: 5891: 5889: 5886: 5884: 5881: 5877: 5874: 5872: 5869: 5867: 5864: 5862: 5859: 5857: 5856:electronicore 5854: 5852: 5849: 5848: 5847: 5844: 5840: 5837: 5835: 5832: 5831: 5830: 5827: 5825: 5822: 5820: 5817: 5813: 5810: 5809: 5808: 5805: 5803: 5800: 5798: 5795: 5793: 5790: 5788: 5785: 5784: 5782: 5780:Fusion genres 5778: 5772: 5769: 5767: 5764: 5762: 5759: 5755: 5752: 5750: 5747: 5746: 5745: 5742: 5738: 5735: 5733: 5730: 5728: 5725: 5724: 5723: 5720: 5719: 5717: 5713: 5709: 5708:Extreme metal 5702: 5697: 5695: 5690: 5688: 5683: 5682: 5679: 5667: 5659: 5657: 5654: 5653: 5650: 5644: 5641: 5639: 5636: 5634: 5631: 5629: 5626: 5624: 5621: 5619: 5616: 5614: 5611: 5609: 5606: 5605: 5603: 5601: 5597: 5591: 5588: 5586: 5583: 5581: 5578: 5576: 5573: 5571: 5568: 5566: 5563: 5561: 5558: 5556: 5553: 5551: 5548: 5546: 5543: 5541: 5538: 5536: 5533: 5531: 5528: 5526: 5523: 5521: 5518: 5516: 5513: 5511: 5508: 5506: 5503: 5501: 5498: 5496: 5493: 5491: 5488: 5487: 5485: 5483:and movements 5479: 5471: 5468: 5466: 5463: 5462: 5460: 5458: 5455: 5451: 5448: 5446: 5443: 5441: 5438: 5436: 5433: 5431: 5428: 5427: 5426: 5423: 5419: 5416: 5414: 5411: 5409: 5406: 5405: 5404: 5401: 5397: 5394: 5393: 5392: 5389: 5388: 5386: 5382: 5376: 5373: 5369: 5366: 5365: 5364: 5361: 5359: 5356: 5354: 5351: 5349: 5346: 5344: 5341: 5339: 5336: 5334: 5331: 5329: 5326: 5324: 5321: 5319: 5316: 5314: 5311: 5309: 5306: 5304: 5301: 5299: 5296: 5294: 5291: 5289: 5286: 5284: 5281: 5277: 5274: 5272: 5269: 5268: 5267: 5264: 5262: 5259: 5257: 5254: 5252: 5249: 5247: 5244: 5242: 5239: 5237: 5234: 5232: 5229: 5227: 5224: 5222: 5219: 5217: 5214: 5212: 5209: 5205: 5202: 5200: 5197: 5196: 5195: 5192: 5190: 5189:Extreme metal 5187: 5185: 5184:Electronicore 5182: 5180: 5177: 5175: 5172: 5170: 5167: 5163: 5160: 5159: 5158: 5155: 5153: 5150: 5148: 5145: 5141: 5138: 5136: 5133: 5132: 5131: 5128: 5126: 5123: 5121: 5118: 5116: 5113: 5111: 5108: 5104: 5101: 5099: 5096: 5094: 5091: 5090: 5089: 5086: 5084: 5081: 5079: 5076: 5074: 5071: 5069: 5066: 5065: 5063: 5061: 5060:fusion genres 5058:Subgenres and 5055: 5051: 5044: 5039: 5037: 5032: 5030: 5025: 5024: 5021: 5015: 5012: 5011: 5000: 4996: 4992: 4988: 4984: 4980: 4976: 4975: 4969: 4958: 4952: 4948: 4944: 4940: 4936: 4931: 4927: 4921: 4917: 4913: 4909: 4907: 4901: 4897: 4891: 4887: 4883: 4882: 4877: 4872: 4868: 4866:0-922915-94-6 4862: 4858: 4854: 4853: 4848: 4844: 4840: 4829: 4823: 4819: 4815: 4811: 4807: 4803: 4799: 4788: 4784: 4780: 4774: 4770: 4766: 4762: 4758: 4754: 4750: 4745: 4744: 4730: 4724: 4708: 4702: 4695: 4693: 4690:Darkthrone – 4686: 4680: 4676: 4673: 4671: 4664: 4649: 4645: 4639: 4632: 4630: 4623: 4616: 4614: 4607: 4600: 4594: 4579: 4575: 4569: 4554: 4550: 4544: 4529: 4525: 4519: 4511: 4500: 4496: 4495: 4490: 4484: 4478: 4474: 4471: 4469: 4466:Darkthrone – 4462: 4454: 4450: 4443: 4436: 4432: 4427: 4419: 4412: 4397: 4393: 4386: 4370: 4366: 4360: 4353: 4342: 4338: 4337: 4332: 4325: 4318: 4313: 4297: 4293: 4289: 4283: 4277: 4276: 4269: 4262: 4257: 4251:, p. 42. 4250: 4245: 4230: 4226: 4220: 4213: 4208: 4206: 4199:. Burzum.org. 4198: 4192: 4190: 4188: 4181:. Burzum.org. 4180: 4172: 4165: 4164: 4157: 4155: 4147: 4142: 4140: 4138: 4136: 4134: 4132: 4130: 4128: 4126: 4118: 4117: 4104: 4100: 4097:Bowar, Chad. 4093: 4091: 4083: 4078: 4076: 4068: 4063: 4056: 4051: 4049: 4047: 4039: 4034: 4027: 4022: 4020: 4004: 4000: 3994: 3992: 3990: 3988: 3986: 3984: 3968: 3964: 3958: 3956: 3954: 3952: 3950: 3948: 3946: 3944: 3942: 3940: 3938: 3936: 3928: 3923: 3921: 3911: 3905:, p. 60. 3904: 3903:Williams 2012 3899: 3892: 3887: 3885: 3883: 3881: 3879: 3877: 3875: 3867: 3862: 3854: 3853: 3845: 3843: 3835: 3830: 3824:, p. 89. 3823: 3818: 3816: 3808: 3803: 3796: 3791: 3784: 3779: 3777: 3775: 3773: 3771: 3764:, p. 93. 3763: 3758: 3751: 3743: 3736: 3731: 3715: 3711: 3710: 3705: 3699: 3697: 3689: 3684: 3669: 3662: 3655: 3654: 3649: 3640: 3633: 3628: 3621: 3617: 3611: 3604: 3600: 3599: 3594: 3589: 3582: 3581: 3574: 3566: 3559: 3552: 3546: 3537: 3530: 3525: 3518: 3517: 3510: 3503: 3498: 3492:, p. 39. 3491: 3486: 3479: 3473: 3466: 3461: 3454: 3448: 3441: 3436: 3429: 3424: 3417: 3412: 3405: 3400: 3393: 3392:Kill Yourself 3389: 3383: 3381: 3374:, p. 76. 3373: 3368: 3361: 3356: 3350:, p. 7f. 3349: 3344: 3329: 3325: 3319: 3303: 3299: 3295: 3289: 3283:, p. 64. 3282: 3277: 3261: 3259: 3250: 3244:, p. 68. 3243: 3238: 3231: 3226: 3219: 3218: 3211: 3205:, p. 39. 3204: 3199: 3197: 3195: 3186: 3179: 3173: 3171: 3164: 3157: 3144: 3140: 3134: 3132: 3125:, p. 66. 3124: 3119: 3112: 3107: 3099: 3098: 3090: 3088: 3080: 3076: 3075: 3070: 3064: 3049: 3045: 3039: 3033: 3029: 3026: 3021: 3015: 3011: 3008: 3006: 3000: 2994: 2990: 2987: 2985: 2979: 2973:, p. 55. 2972: 2967: 2960: 2955: 2940: 2936: 2929: 2923:, p. 49. 2922: 2917: 2909: 2908: 2900: 2898: 2896: 2894: 2892: 2890: 2888: 2886: 2884: 2875: 2871: 2864: 2856: 2849: 2847: 2838: 2831: 2829: 2827: 2825: 2823: 2821: 2819: 2817: 2815: 2813: 2804: 2797: 2782: 2778: 2772: 2764: 2758: 2754: 2749: 2748: 2739: 2724: 2720: 2719: 2714: 2707: 2705: 2703: 2701: 2699: 2697: 2695: 2688:, p. 16. 2687: 2682: 2674: 2667: 2665: 2663: 2661: 2659: 2657: 2655: 2653: 2651: 2642: 2636: 2632: 2625: 2621: 2611: 2608: 2607: 2603: 2597: 2592: 2582: 2579: 2576: 2572: 2571: 2567: 2564: 2561: 2558: 2557: 2553: 2550: 2547: 2544: 2543: 2539: 2536: 2533: 2530: 2529: 2525: 2522: 2518: 2515: 2512: 2511: 2507: 2504: 2500: 2497: 2494: 2490: 2489: 2485: 2482: 2479: 2478: 2467: 2465: 2462: 2459: 2456: 2455: 2452: 2450: 2447: 2444: 2441: 2440: 2437: 2435: 2432: 2429: 2426: 2425: 2422: 2420: 2417: 2414: 2411: 2410: 2406: 2404: 2401: 2398: 2396:December 1993 2395: 2394: 2390: 2388: 2385: 2382: 2380:December 1993 2379: 2378: 2374: 2372: 2371: 2370: 2365: 2362: 2360:December 1993 2359: 2358: 2354: 2352: 2349: 2346: 2343: 2342: 2338: 2336: 2333: 2330: 2328:November 1993 2327: 2326: 2322: 2320: 2319: 2315: 2312: 2309: 2308: 2304: 2302: 2299: 2296: 2293: 2292: 2288: 2286: 2283: 2280: 2277: 2276: 2272: 2270: 2269: 2268: 2263: 2260: 2257: 2256: 2252: 2250: 2249: 2248: 2243: 2240: 2237: 2236: 2232: 2230: 2227: 2224: 2221: 2220: 2216: 2214: 2211: 2208: 2205: 2204: 2200: 2198: 2197: 2196: 2191: 2188: 2185: 2184: 2180: 2178: 2175: 2172: 2169: 2168: 2164: 2162: 2161:Alone Walkyng 2159: 2156: 2153: 2152: 2148: 2146: 2143: 2140: 2137: 2136: 2132: 2130: 2127: 2124: 2121: 2120: 2116: 2114: 2113: 2109: 2106: 2103: 2102: 2098: 2096: 2095: 2091: 2088: 2085: 2084: 2080: 2078: 2075: 2072: 2069: 2068: 2064: 2062: 2061: 2060: 2055: 2052: 2049: 2048: 2044: 2042: 2039: 2036: 2033: 2032: 2028: 2026: 2023: 2020: 2017: 2016: 2012: 2010: 2007: 2004: 2001: 2000: 1996: 1994: 1993: 1992: 1987: 1984: 1981: 1980: 1976: 1974: 1971: 1968: 1966:February 1993 1965: 1964: 1960: 1958: 1955: 1952: 1949: 1948: 1945: 1943: 1940: 1937: 1934: 1933: 1930: 1927: 1923: 1921: 1919: 1918: 1914: 1912: 1909: 1906: 1903: 1902: 1899: 1897: 1894: 1891: 1888: 1887: 1884: 1882: 1879: 1876: 1873: 1872: 1869: 1867: 1864: 1861: 1858: 1857: 1854: 1852: 1851: 1847: 1844: 1841: 1840: 1836: 1834: 1831: 1828: 1826:December 1992 1825: 1824: 1820: 1818: 1817: 1812: 1809: 1806: 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