English Standard Version

609: 812: 880: 1531:... The currently renewed respect among Old Testament scholars for the Masoretic text is reflected in the ESV's attempt, wherever possible, to translate difficult Hebrew passages as they stand in the Masoretic text rather than resorting to emendations or to finding an alternative reading in the ancient versions. In exceptional, difficult cases, the Dead Sea Scrolls, the Septuagint, the Samaritan Pentateuch, the Syriac Peshitta, the Latin Vulgate, and other sources were consulted to shed possible light on the text, or, if necessary, to support a divergence from the Masoretic text. 5013: 6090: 324: 533:... Here is my concern. I don't want anyone to think that I am unhappy with the ESV or that I am "jumping ship." I am not. I thoroughly enjoy reading and studying from the ESV. But if you have been reading this blog very long, you will know that I strongly believe in different translation philosophies, that there is not a "one-size-fits-all," and that the translator's responsibility is to be consistent with that stated philosophy. 1002:

updating of the text to reflect the realities of biblical scholarship such as textual discoveries or changes in English over time." In the statement, Dennis responded to public discourse surrounding the policy: "We have become convinced that this decision was a mistake. We apologize for this and for any concern this has caused for readers of the ESV." The revision was subsequently republished as "ESV Text Edition: 2016."

49: 800:, with a primary focus on Africa and Asia. Having been designed on a funding model where Bibles produced at cost are either donated or strategically subsidized, the project was initiated to resource Christians and pastors in low-income communities with study Bibles and various other editions, helping prevent "biblical illiteracy, spiritual malnourishment, and the transmission of false teaching run rampant." 441:(RSV) as the starting point for a new translation. In September 1998, an agreement was reached with the NCC for Crossway to use and modify the 1971 RSV text, thereby enabling the creation of a new translation. Crossway moved forward from this position by forming a translation committee and initiating work on the English Standard Version. Crossway officially published the ESV in 2001. 853:... One thing I've always loved about the ESV is its superior use of the English language. Any translation involves a trade-off between precision and readability so that the most-literal translations also tend to be the least-readable. Though the ESV is a precise Bible, its translators chose to place a premium on literary excellence. 673:... The solution to this debate is to recognize that there are different translation philosophies, different goals and means by which to reach those goals, and the goal of the translator is to be consistent in achieving those goals. In all but one of his examples, our translation was the one required by our translation philosophy. 1140:, Robert Smith Jr., and Michael Reeves. The entire project took approximately 6,000 hours of production labor. Ortlund called his recording experience "the most exacting, precise, detailed, and demanding task I've performed since my doctoral work 40 years ago," in addition to being "immensely satisfying." Ortlund used 986:

revision was made in Genesis 3:16 to use a complementarian interpretation of the original text: switching "shall be toward" with "shall be contrary to" in the revised text. The previous rendering can be found in the footnotes (excluding any editions that specifically do not have footnotes, such as the

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In May 2024, Grudem mentioned that the ESV translation committee was planning to meet in Wheaton, Illinois, in July 2024 to consider approximately 120 suggested changes to the ESV text. He estimated that the committee would approve around 30 to 40 of these suggestions, including "little tweaks to the

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Coinciding with the release of the revision, Crossway announced that "the text of the ESV Bible will remain unchanged in all future editions printed and published by Crossway." However, in a statement from Lane T. Dennis the following month, the new policy was abandoned "to allow for ongoing periodic

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The ESV translation committee states that "the goal of the ESV is to render literally what is in the original." The committee expands on this position in claiming that, although the ESV avoids using gender-neutral language (for the purpose of preserving contextual meaning found in the original text),

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presented a paper titled "Why the English Standard Version should not become the Standard English Version: How to make a good translation much better." In the paper, Strauss criticizes the ESV for using dated language, among other perceived issues, such as using gender-neutral language inconsistently

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The ESV publishing team has included more than a hundred people. The fourteen-member Translation Oversight Committee benefited from the work of more than fifty biblical experts serving as Translation Review Scholars and from the comments of the more than fifty members of the Advisory Council, all of

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Crossway claims that the ESV "retains theological terminology—words such as grace, faith, justification, sanctification, redemption, regeneration, reconciliation, propitiation—because of their central importance for Christian doctrine and also because the underlying Greek words were already becoming

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The ESV is derived from the 1971 text edition of the Revised Standard Version. ESV translation committee member Wayne Grudem claims that approximately eight percent (or about 60,000 words) of the 1971 RSV text being used for the ESV was revised as of first publication in 2001. Grudem states that the

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Sociology Associate Professor Samuel L. Perry published a journal article titled "The Bible as a Product of Cultural Power: The Case of Gender Ideology in the English Standard Version." In the article, Perry attempts to demonstrate "how a more critical approach toward 'the Bible' can provide richer,

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The team of scholars who worked on the ESV-CE includes "Rev. Dr. Lucien Legrand, M.E.P.; Rev. Dr. Assisi Saldanha, C.Ss.R.; Rev. Dr. Govindu Rayanna; Rev. Dr. A. Alfred Joseph; Rev. Dr. David Stanly Kumar, Sr.; Rev. Dr. Prema Vakayil, C.S.S.T.; Rev. Dr. Shabu Joseph Thottumkal, S.D.B.; and Rev. Dr.

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Christians, sought to establish intransitivity between the text and more pejorative social interpretations by progressively re-translating lexically ambiguous terms and introducing footnotes to obviate the Bible's ostensible promotion of slavery and antisemitism." In turn, Perry was interviewed by

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A few examples of reverted verses, being translated in accordance with the ESV's translation philosophy, are as follows: Isaiah 7:14 (now using "Behold, the virgin shall conceive and bear a son"), Psalm 2:12 (now using "Kiss the Son"), and Psalm 45:6 (now using "Your throne, O God, is forever and

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Crossway published a revision of the ESV text in 2011 as "ESV Text Edition: 2011." The revision changes fewer than 500 words in total throughout 275 verses from the 2007 text. The changes were made in each case to "correct grammar, improve consistency, or increase precision in meaning." A notable

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and William (Bill) Mounce had become emeritus members. Having served as the ESV New Testament Chair, Bill Mounce's role was assigned to Vern Poythress. Writing on his personal blog in 2009, Mounce described his relationship to the ESV, having accepted a position on the NIV translation committee:

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Crossway says that the ESV continues a legacy of precision and faithfulness in translating the original text into English. It describes the ESV as a translation that adheres to an "essentially literal" translation philosophy, taking into account "differences in grammar, syntax, and idiom between

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Crossway published a revision of the ESV text in 2016 as the "ESV Permanent Text Edition (2016)." The revision changes 52 words in total throughout 29 verses from the 2011 text. In addition, it also features an update of the textual basis for both the Old Testament and New Testament. A notable

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committee removed "every trace of liberal influence that had caused such criticism from evangelicals when the RSV was first published in 1952." Although, Grudem also states that much of the 1971 RSV text left unchanged by the committee "is simply 'the best of the best' of the KJV tradition."

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In June 2021, Samuel L. Perry published a journal article titled "Whitewashing Evangelical Scripture: The Case of Slavery and Antisemitism in the English Standard Version." In the article, Perry attempts to demonstrate how "the ESV editors, while modifying certain RSV renderings to establish

1087:. This edition includes the Apocrypha, placed at the back of the Bible. Having been approved by the ESV translation committee, the Apocrypha text found in this edition is a minor revision of the 2009 text published by Oxford University Press. A notable revision was made in retranslating the 892:

In 2002, Crossway published an unannounced revision to the original 2001 text to make several corrections, these being in areas where it was believed "that a mistake had been made in translation." This includes a revision in Romans 3:9, changing "under the power of sin" to "under sin."

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the translation does utilize gender-neutral language in specific cases. The committee further states that its objective was "transparency to the original text, allowing the reader to understand the original on its own terms rather than in the terms of our present-day Western culture."

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to the ESV as their translation of choice for free of charge distribution Bibles. In addition to being granted licensing for the ESV text (for the purpose of distribution), Crossway gave Gideons International permission to modify the text to use alternative readings based on the

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the book that has most shaped my writing is the Bible—the ESV. Not only is this the book I've read most over the years, but it's also the book I've studied the closest, and memorized most substantially. And then, of all the books I've read, it's one of the finest in its literary

201:© 2001 by Crossway, a publishing ministry of Good News Publishers. All rights reserved. The ESV text may not be quoted in any publication made available to the public by a Creative Commons license. The ESV may not be translated in whole or in part into any other language. 1899:

which was carried out under the auspices of the Crossway Board of Directors. This hundred-plus-member team shares a common commitment to the truth of God's Word and to historic Christian orthodoxy and is international in scope, including leaders in many denominations.

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criticized the ESV for its position on the use of gender-neutral language, perceiving the use of terms such as "mankind" and "brothers" to be "not just out of sync with modern usage but are culturally regarded as diminishing and disrespectful of women."

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In the beginning, God created the heavens and the earth. The earth was without form and void, and darkness was over the face of the deep. And the Spirit of God was hovering over the face of the waters. And God said, "Let there be light," and there was

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Chaired by Dennis, the fourteen-member Translation Oversight Committee was aided by more than fifty biblical experts serving as review scholars. The translation committee also received input from the Advisory Council, having more than fifty members.

1118:, having been produced by Liz Donato and recorded under a licensing agreement. The first format released was the New Testament as a set of 12 cassette tapes, having been published by Crossway on October 31, 2003, being the 486th anniversary of the 950:

revision was made in Isaiah 53:5, changing "wounded for our transgressions" to "pierced for our transgressions" in the revised text. In addition, the ESV translation committee decided to modify the use of the word "slave" (being the Greek word

787:... To offer "establishing transitivity with existing views" as a wholly sufficient view of evangelical Bible use is to take a small truth and make it the whole truth. It is to say to God, "We can't hear you because other people are talking." 697:

within Christian traditions." Perry argues that Crossway's ESV translation committee made "intentional, systematic changes" into the ESV for the purpose of being able to "publish and mass-market a text more amenable to conservative,

3075: 663:... He kept saying that the ESV has "missed" or "not considered" certain translational issues. While I am sure they were not intentional, these are emotionally charged words that do not help in the debate. They are in essence 2138:

And then in 1997 I had a call from John Piper, and John Piper said, 'Yes, we really do need this.' And so, I made a phone call to obtain the rights to the RSV text; and to adapt and revise, and basically create a new

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In August 2003, Crossway released its first audio Bible, being the New Testament read by Marquis Laughlin. Shortly after, the New York City-based Fellowship for Performing Arts released an ESV audio Bible read by

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study notes were one resource that the translation committee consulted during the translation process. He also states that the translation committee meets approximately every 5–7 years to consider text revisions.

783:... I can be grateful to Perry for some sharp observations, even some warning shots, while still insisting that any view that muzzles God, that severs the link between his intentions and his words, is rebellion. 1285:

The Apocrypha is not included in editions of the ESV published by Crossway. ESV editions licensed by Crossway that feature a translation of the Apocrypha can be found from various publishers. For example, the

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For example, the study notes detailing Genesis 3:16 (in the 2016 text edition; along with its relevance to 4:7), Romans 16:1 (also see note on 1 Tim. 3:11), Romans 16:7; and Ephesians 5:21–6:9 and Ephesians

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try to fit what you read in the Bible in with your existing tradition. That's simple hermeneutical humility—as long as it's paired with a sincere desire to hold one's tradition up to the light of Scripture.

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receiving the first volume of a new lectionary using the ESV-CE text in November 2020 (which had earlier been approved for development in November 2018), and having it fully introduced during Advent 2024.

4928: 1257:(LSB), which uses the ESV as its primary Bible text. With permission from Crossway, the LSB occasionally uses an alternative reading of the ESV in accordance with its original translation principles. 669:

arguments focusing on our competence (or perceived lack thereof) and not on the facts. He was not in the translation meetings and does not know if we in fact did miss or did not consider these issues.

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key words and technical terms among Christians in New Testament times." It also claims that the ESV lets the distinct writing styles of the various biblical writers come through the translated text.

3580: 3455: 2917: 2272: 1125:

In 2008, Crossway released an audio Bible featuring the voice of David Cochran Heath. This was published on October 31, 2008, being the 491th anniversary of the Protestant Reformation.

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current literary English and the original languages." It also describes the ESV as a translation that "emphasizes 'word-for-word' accuracy, literary excellence, and depth of meaning."

3065: 4369: 2488: 462:(NIV) translation committee to publish a gender-neutral edition of the NIV. Grudem, who was president of the CBMW at the time, responded by stating, "This is not a CBMW project." 1345:

The NIV translation committee, officially called the Committee on Bible Translation (CBT), is described by Zondervan as "a self-governing body of 15 evangelical Bible scholars."

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Strauss invited Mounce to engage further through participation at the following annual meeting. In 2009, Mounce presented his formal response paper titled "Can the ESV and

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Many of you know that I was the New Testament Chair of the ESV translation. This project has consumed thousands of hours, most of them enjoyable. I am happy with the ESV.

3896: 5040: 2095: 5725: 3012: 3272: 2801: 941:, placed at the back of the Bible, intended for "denominations that use those books in liturgical readings and for students who need them for historical purposes." 638:

According to Crossway, more than 100 million printed copies of the translation had been distributed as of 2015, 250 million as of 2021, and 290 million as of 2023.

1579:... in a few difficult cases in the New Testament, the ESV has followed a Greek text different from the text given preference in the UBS/Nestle-Aland 28th edition. 3215: 741:

Professor of Biblical Studies Denny Burk points out that Perry makes a "significant error" in referring to Grudem as the general editor of the ESV. In July 2021,

5719: 1122:. A set of New Testament CDs was published the following month, and the full audio Bible was published in 2004. The full audio Bible was rereleased in May 2024. 4971:

Translating the Bible Literally: The History and Translation Methods of the King James Version, the New American Standard Bible and the English Standard Version

4905: 1422:

ever"). The committee also decided to restore the theological term "propitiation" to the following verses: Romans 3:25, Hebrews 2:17; and 1 John 2:2 and 4:10.

954:) on a case by case basis throughout the New Testament, being retranslated to either "bondservant" or "servant" to disambiguate the context of the situation. 702:

interpretations." Perry further argues that the ESV translation committee "have engaged in more covert means of cultural reproduction, not only disseminating

5182: 3249: 4864: 1819: 5731: 5441: 4185: 1071: 352: 681:

Co-Exist in the Same Universe?" In the paper, Mounce describes various points regarding his view of the need for both formal and functional translations.

3572: 3447: 3486: 1459:(NA) for the New Testament. The 2016 text edition updates the BHS to its 5th edition (1997), the UBSGNT to its 5th edition, and NA to its 28th edition. 2907: 3706: 4275: 4215: 4125: 4038: 2201: 421:

president Lane T. Dennis engaged in discussions with various Christian scholars and pastors regarding the need for a new literal translation of the

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Crossway published a revision of the ESV text in 2007 as "ESV Text Edition: 2007." The revision makes minor changes to the 2002 corrected edition.

537:... I am excited about being able to get back into translation work, but please do not read this as a reaction to the ESV. To do so would be wrong. 2427: 2388: 2264: 2236: 994:

details in its study notes the revised interpretation in relation to a parallel understanding of 3:16 with both 4:7 (which shares the Hebrew word

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Perry raises very important questions about Bible interpretation, and about the proper translation of fought-over words like "slave" and "Jew."

5503: 1733: 4768: 3986: 3759: 5288: 4361: 4338: 594: 2480: 2336: 5919: 2829: 2620: 1778: 759: 144: 3430:

The most notable verse change was 'wounded for our transgressions' to 'pierced for our transgressions' in Isaiah 53:5 which matched the

5462: 3863: 2948: 5768: 5026: 3604: 3516: 2745: 2701: 2651: 1044: 451: 2892: 2171: 6120: 5531: 3823: 3737: 2586: 2580:"Why the English Standard Version (ESV) should not become the Standard English Version: How to make a good translation much better" 2457: 345: 317: 4832: 2358: 796:

In November 2022, Crossway began an effort to fund and distribute 1 million ESV Bibles throughout English-speaking regions in the

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often details in its study notes why a complementarian interpretation of the original text may have been rendered in translation.

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While the content of the paper was helpful, I am afraid that it only increased the gap between the two "sides" of the debate.

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Since its official publication, the ESV has received endorsement from numerous evangelical pastors and theologians, including

5435: 5219: 4983: 4954: 4922: 4890: 4858: 4798: 4740: 4710: 4680: 4650: 4620: 4590: 4560: 4530: 4500: 4470: 4432: 4101: 4077: 3677: 3647: 3419: 3352: 3313: 2983: 2772: 2550: 2520: 1684: 1659: 1635: 1604: 608: 260:"For God so loved the world, that he gave his only Son, that whoever believes in him should not perish but have eternal life. 4989: 4960: 4896: 4746: 4716: 4686: 4656: 4626: 4596: 4566: 4536: 4506: 4476: 4438: 3926: 3683: 3653: 3425: 3358: 3319: 2989: 2778: 2556: 2526: 1924: 1610: 1431:

Left to right: 2002 corrected edition, 2007 text edition, 2011 text edition, 2016 Permanent Text edition, 2016 text edition.

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Crossway claims that its ministry partners were in the process of distributing more than 435,000 Bibles by the end of 2023.

5590: 2087: 678: 3004: 2793: 430: 338: 1957: 6042: 5624: 3208: 1248: 1067: 280: 6067: 6062: 6052: 5229: 5103: 2057: 1982: 1266: 512:(Old Testament Tutor at Trinity College, Bristol; Emeritus Professor of Old Testament, University of Gloucestershire) 305: 300: 290: 857:... They succeeded well, and the Bible they translated is beautiful to read—far more than any of its contemporaries. 5945: 5878: 5353: 4147: 3541: 767:... They carry the same basic message. And that message is full of frankly cynical, acidic ideas about Bible study 5177: 3241: 3097: 5823: 5473: 5423: 5049: 4841: 2684: 1808: 718: 647: 271: 4177: 3066:"Major Publisher Launches Next Phase of Campaign to Distribute One Million Bibles to Christians in Global South" 2302: 6047: 5813: 5467: 5370: 5192: 5082: 3070: 1442: 285: 106: 627:(KJV) first being published. Having a foreword by Leland Ryken, it features a selection of artwork created by 6115: 5893: 5608: 3478: 1294:, published by Anglican Liturgy Press in 2019. The copyright for the ESV Apocrypha text is owned by Crossway. 5838: 3800: 1152:

The ESV has been used as the Bible text for a number of study Bible editions, including but not limited to:

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had retired from the translation committee. In addition, the following individuals had joined by this time:

5793: 5690: 5655: 5635: 5579: 5457: 5399: 5387: 2846: 426: 3698: 2825:"Whitewashing Evangelical Scripture: The Case of Slavery and Antisemitism in the English Standard Version" 2027: 1885: 1554: 1510: 5996: 5684: 5312: 5306: 4914: 4882: 4267: 4207: 4117: 4046: 3431: 2193: 2125: 811: 4297: 1855: 6080: 5961: 5888: 5883: 5848: 3891: 2679:"The Bible as a Product of Cultural Power: The Case of Gender Ideology in the English Standard Version" 2419: 2396: 2225: 1191: 601:

as Christian Book of the Year. This was the first time in the award's 30-year history to be given to a

4391: 5981: 5446: 5381: 5341: 5245: 4975: 1329: 1181: 963: 459: 5808: 5750: 5672: 5619: 5277: 5261: 1455: 1333: 1055: 438: 127: 85: 5818: 1741: 1128:

In late 2023, Crossway finished releasing six new audio Bibles, having been read by Conrad Mbewe,

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J. I. Packer is the general editor of the ESV, whereas Wayne Grudem is the general editor of the

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approved the development of a new lectionary using the ESV-CE text. This was followed by the

1028: 902: 694: 690: 529:... I learned so much on the ESV, things I have never taught in any Greek class at any level. 48: 3603: 2224: 2159: 6021: 6006: 5853: 5713: 5630: 5613: 5479: 4333: 3855: 2940: 31: 3508: 2643: 496:

J. I. Packer (Board of Governors Professor of Theology, Regent College, Vancouver, Canada)

8: 6110: 5868: 5573: 5405: 5364: 5347: 5283: 5256: 5139: 5098: 2824: 2160: 1203: 1036: 171: 17: 5012: 3729: 2579: 2449: 6001: 5696: 5650: 5645: 5640: 5330: 5160: 3170: 3154: 2860: 2713: 2366: 1321: 938: 699: 624: 161: 135: 4820: 4237: 3376: 502:(Professor of New Testament Interpretation, Westminster Theological Seminary; Editor, 5828: 5300: 5214: 5149: 4979: 4950: 4918: 4886: 4854: 4794: 4736: 4706: 4676: 4646: 4616: 4586: 4556: 4526: 4496: 4466: 4428: 4097: 4073: 3673: 3643: 3415: 3348: 3309: 3186: 3178: 3162: 3133: 2979: 2884: 2876: 2868: 2768: 2737: 2729: 2721: 2546: 2516: 1680: 1655: 1631: 1600: 1137: 490: 487:

Wayne A. Grudem (Research Professor, Theology and Biblical Studies, Phoenix Seminary)

386: 3042: 2908:"When evangelical snowflakes censor the Bible: The English Standard Version goes PC" 1703: 1100:

wording make it consistent with where we've translated the same phrase elsewhere."

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Walker, Jr., William O.; Craven, Toni; Dearman, J. Andrew, eds. (August 19, 1994).

3948: 3146: 2850: 2705: 2231: 2166: 1236: 517: 454:(CBMW). Members of the CBMW had earlier been involved in criticizing plans made by 446: 5940: 5914: 5898: 5863: 5858: 5567: 5324: 5318: 5198: 5124: 4969: 4940: 4876: 4730: 4700: 4670: 4640: 4610: 4580: 4550: 4520: 4490: 4460: 4422: 3918: 3667: 3637: 3409: 3342: 3299: 2973: 2762: 2540: 2510: 1916: 1594: 1019: 973: 651: 628: 589: 550: 2265:"An Interview with J. I. Packer on the Origin and Significance of the ESV Bible" 1062:

that uses the ESV-CE as its Bible text (excluding the book of Psalms, where the

6026: 6016: 5411: 5204: 5072: 5067: 998:; this verse having also been updated in the 2016 text) and Ephesians 5:21–32. 910: 499: 483:

The original translation committee featured the following notable individuals:

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Which Bible Translation Should I Use?: A Comparison of 4 Major Recent Versions

3273:"Gender in Bible Translation: A Crucial Issue Still Mired in Misunderstanding" 635:, a separate edition produced to match the size of the original KJV printing. 6104: 5991: 5986: 5708: 5547: 5518: 5129: 5119: 3166: 3158: 2872: 2864: 2855: 2725: 2717: 1949: 1317: 1129: 1088: 1032:, making approved modifications where needed to adhere to Catholic teaching. 738: 655:

in translation. ESV translator Bill Mounce responded to Strauss's criticism:

575: 542: 509: 148: 114: 100: 3573:"After Tweaking 29 Verses, Bible Translation Becomes Unchanging Word of God" 3190: 2741: 2709: 1478:

The first new audio Bible was Getty's, having been published in August 2021.

6094: 5742: 5495: 5224: 5144: 3610: 2888: 1063: 837: 797: 546: 472: 434: 401: 328: 2049: 1990: 1679:. Huntington Beach, CA: Anglican Liturgy Press. 2019. pp. 1047–1048. 5485: 5209: 5134: 2512:

ESV New Classic Reference Bible: Commemorative Edition (Cloth over Board)

1446:(BHS) for the Old Testament, along with the 4th corrected edition of the 602: 244: 219: 4155: 3549: 2678: 1571:(5th corrected ed.), published by the United Bible Societies (UBS), and 1523:

The ESV is based on the Masoretic text of the Hebrew Bible as found in

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The original printing of the King James Version measured 11 x 16 inches.

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editor Mark Ward published an article to his personal blog in response:

5760: 5266: 3174: 3105: 1115: 1059: 1048: 665: 593:, which would go on to sell more than one million copies. In 2009, the 572:

Douglas O'Donnell (Senior Vice President of Bible Publishing, Crossway)

140: 4329:"'That Thing Is Alive': How the Bible Affected Its 6 Newest Narrators" 1018:

in Catholic canonical order. With permission from Crossway, a team of

5976: 2912: 2294: 733: 727: 476: 455: 255: 4009:"New Lectionary to be launched in England and Wales for Advent 2024" 1386:

for Crossway's philosophy regarding the translation of gender terms.

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served as general editor of the translation. Grudem states that the

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Reporter (Official Newspaper of The Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod)

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Packer retired from ministry in 2016 due to eyesight deterioration.

1091:. It was rereleased in 2023 as a bonded leather hardcover edition. 1023: 418: 378: 189: 3448:"The ESV Translation Committee Debates the Translation of "Slave"" 3209:"The Advantages of the English Standard Version (ESV) Translation" 3127:

Stec, David M. (July 2004). Schellenberg, Annette (ed.). "Review:

2880: 1654:. Huntington Beach, CA: Anglican Liturgy Press. 2019. p. 4. 493:(Professor of New Testament, Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary) 3792: 3182: 2733: 1047:

published its own version of the ESV-CE, newly typeset and with

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published the ESV Catholic Edition (ESV-CE), which includes the

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reported of "feminists" noticing links between Crossway and the

3142: 2838: 2767:(2016 text ed.). Wheaton, IL: Crossway. 2008. p. 56. 2693: 2019: 1877: 1546: 1502: 1440:

All ESV editions up to 2011 used the 2nd edition (1983) of the

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has praised the ESV for its commitment to literary excellence:

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Don Jones (Chief Publishing Officer, Bible Publisher, Crossway)

5048: 2117: 977:. The Gideons edition uses more than 50 alternative readings. 5053: 3151:

International Organization for the Study of the Old Testament

1847: 422: 374: 4645:. Peabody, MA: Hendrickson Publishers Marketing, LLC. 2014. 4362:"He Who Has Earbuds, Let Him Hear: Audio Bibles on the Rise" 641: 560:

Dane Ortlund (Senior Pastor, Naperville Presbyterian Church)

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scholars and pastors." The ESV relies on recently published

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Perry, Samuel L. (October 21, 2019). Marti, Gerardo (ed.).

4875:

Köstenberger, Andreas J.; Croteau, David A., eds. (2012).

563:

Jon Dennis (Senior Pastor, Holy Trinity Church in Chicago)

381:, the ESV was "created by a team of more than 100 leading 2823:

Perry, Samuel L. (June 23, 2021). Jain, Andrea R. (ed.).

2481:"'ESV Study Bible' wins Christian Book of the Year award" 1316:

This lineage follows the "classic mainstream" started by

4420: 3887:"Augustine Institute Publishes Major New Catholic Bible" 1383: 1290:, published by Oxford University Press in 2009, and the 437:, to obtain rights to use the 1971 text edition of the 5006: 4072:. Huntington Beach, CA: Anglican Liturgy Press. 2019. 1630:. Huntington Beach, CA: Anglican Liturgy Press. 2019. 1022:

scholars reviewed the text of the ESV in light of the

865: 619:

In 2011, Crossway published a special limited edition

230: 110:(5th ed., 1997); additional sources in difficult cases 6078: 1043:. In October 2021, following these developments, the 429:(NCC) and proceeded to enter negotiations, alongside 4874: 4793:. St. Louis, MO: Concordia Publishing House. 2006. 4675:. St. Louis, MO: Concordia Publishing House. 2012. 4615:. Sanford, FL: Reformation Trust Publishing. 2015. 4585:. St. Louis, MO: Concordia Publishing House. 2009. 4555:. Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson Incorporated. 2021. 4096:. Newport Beach, CA: Anglican Liturgy Press. 2023. 3035:"One Million Bibles: A Crossway Global Initiative" 2677: 726:transitivity for their text among complementarian/ 465: 389:of the original Hebrew, Aramaic, and Greek texts. 4907:The TNIV and the Gender-Neutral Bible Controversy 4821:"The English Standard Version - A Review Article" 4013:Catholic Bishops' Conference of England and Wales 3983:Catholic Bishops' Conference of England and Wales 3542:"ESV Permanent Text Edition (2016): Word Changes" 2794:"Priests warn against language of new lectionary" 1072:Catholic Bishops' Conference of England and Wales 199:The Holy Bible, English Standard Version® (ESV®) 6102: 5509:New Jewish Publication Society of America Tanakh 4392:"ESV Audio Bible, Read by Kristyn Getty (Audio)" 1768:"The English Standard Version: A Review Article" 1066:translation is used instead). In July 2020, the 791: 757:interview but also the scholarly article in the 5486:The Holy Bible from Ancient Eastern Manuscripts 4903: 4326: 2644:"ETS Paper on ESV/TNIV (Monday with Mounce 50)" 874: 4672:The Apocrypha: The Lutheran Edition with Notes 3242:"The Book that Has Most Influenced My Writing" 3063: 3005:"Did Evangelical Snowflakes Censor the Bible?" 2088:"9 Things You Should Know About the ESV Bible" 1809:"Crossway Global Ministry: 2023 Annual Report" 1775:Fellowship of Independent Evangelical Churches 1567:on the Greek text in the 2014 editions of the 1541: 1539: 1497: 1495: 1219:The Apocrypha: The Lutheran Edition with Notes 1083:In 2019, Anglican Liturgy Press published the 377:in contemporary English. Published in 2001 by 5504:Jewish Publication Society of America Version 5034: 4904:Poythress, Vern S.; Grudem, Wayne A. (2004). 3605:"Rewriting the Biblical 'Curse' on Womankind" 2118:"The History of the English Standard Version" 1596:English Standard Version Bible with Apocrypha 1575:(28th ed., 2012), edited by Nestle and Aland. 1288:English Standard Version Bible with Apocrypha 935:English Standard Version Bible with Apocrypha 346: 3571:Zylstra, Sarah Eekhoff (September 9, 2016). 1156:ESV study Bibles published by Crossway: the 907:English Standard Version: Anglicized Edition 823:Relationship to the Revised Standard Version 623:to commemorate the 400th anniversary of the 595:Evangelical Christian Publishers Association 4705:. New York: Oxford University Press. 2006. 4552:The ESV, MacArthur Study Bible, 2nd Edition 4424:The HarperCollins Bible Pronunciation Guide 4327:Eekhoff Zylstra, Sarah (February 7, 2024). 4067:"Preface to the Apocrypha", pp. 1047–1048, 3407: 3363:The ESV underwent a minor revision in 2007. 3340: 2830:Journal of the American Academy of Religion 1698: 1696: 1599:. New York: Oxford University Press. 2009. 1536: 1492: 1142:The HarperCollins Bible Pronunciation Guide 924: 760:Journal of the American Academy of Religion 706:of the biblical text, but manipulating the 5041: 5027: 5011: 4825:SOR Faculty Publications and Presentations 2791: 1408:The first hardcover, black edition of the 1026:'s translation principles as set forth in 615:(Commemorative Edition; top grain leather) 353: 339: 30:"ESV" redirects here. For other uses, see 5769:New English Translation of the Septuagint 4178:"ESV Bible, Audio New Testament Cassette" 2905: 2854: 2702:Association for the Sociology of Religion 2020:"Preface to the English Standard Version" 1878:"Preface to the English Standard Version" 1547:"Preface to the English Standard Version" 1503:"Preface to the English Standard Version" 1304: 1221:, published by Concordia Publishing House 1045:Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge 1039:published the ESV-CE in North America as 642:Debate surrounding translation philosophy 557:Josh Dennis (CEO and President, Crossway) 452:Council on Biblical Manhood and Womanhood 5697:New Heart English Bible, Jehovah Edition 4359: 3824:"Differences Between the ESV and ESV-CE" 3760:"Catholic Edition of ESV Bible Launched" 3727: 3696: 3479:"Does the Bible really condone slavery?" 3239: 3129:The Holy Bible: English Standard Version 1693: 1453:(UBSGNT) and 27th edition (1993) of the 878: 810: 607: 566:Justin Taylor (Book Publisher, Crossway) 5641:Original Aramaic Bible in Plain English 4870:from the original on September 6, 2023. 4839: 4819:Borland, James A. (November 18, 2003). 4818: 4735:. Chicago, IL: Moody Publishers. 2011. 4298:"ESV Hear the Word Audio Bible (Audio)" 3953:Conference of Catholic Bishops of India 3836:from the original on September 20, 2021 3821: 3570: 2577: 2326: 1144:as a linguistic aid during production. 1012:Conference of Catholic Bishops of India 887: 578:(Senior Pastor, Christ Covenant Church) 14: 6103: 4967: 4402:from the original on February 11, 2024 4308:from the original on February 11, 2024 3979:"New Lectionary for England and Wales" 3885:Smith, Peter Jesserer (May 13, 2020). 3787: 3785: 3536: 3534: 3476: 3445: 3389:from the original on February 25, 2023 3297: 3221:from the original on February 25, 2023 3206: 3202: 3200: 2968: 2966: 2792:Mac Donald, Sarah (October 29, 2020). 2757: 2755: 2671: 2669: 2641: 2610: 2592:from the original on February 13, 2021 2578:Strauss, Mark L. (November 25, 2008). 2478: 2417: 2322: 2320: 2262: 2239:from the original on February 13, 2023 2222: 2174:from the original on February 13, 2023 2085: 2060:from the original on December 23, 2023 1960:from the original on December 23, 2023 1927:from the original on December 23, 2023 1858:from the original on December 23, 2023 1803: 1801: 1799: 1765: 1761: 1759: 1228:, published by Oxford University Press 1094: 883:ESV Pew and Worship Bibles (2002–2016) 806: 737:regarding the content of the article. 5022: 4938: 4761:"10 years of 'Lutheran Service Book'" 4441:from the original on February 8, 2024 4341:from the original on February 8, 2024 4268:"ESV Audio Bible, Read by Max McLean" 4152:Good News Publishers / Crossway Books 3884: 3822:Chapman, Peter (September 20, 2021). 3699:"Should We Contextualize the Gospel?" 3601: 3583:from the original on January 31, 2022 3428:from the original on March 21, 2023. 3361:from the original on March 21, 2023. 3270: 3102:Good News Publishers / Crossway Books 3078:from the original on November 9, 2023 2822: 2675: 2559:from the original on January 10, 2024 2529:from the original on January 9, 2024. 2305:from the original on January 11, 2024 2258: 2256: 2254: 2157: 2153: 2151: 2149: 2147: 2081: 2079: 2077: 2075: 2014: 2012: 2010: 2008: 1977: 1975: 1944: 1942: 1911: 1909: 1907: 1842: 1840: 896: 771:... The first step in interpretation 753:... So I carefully read not only the 5442:New International Inclusive Language 4942:The ESV and the English Bible Legacy 4771:from the original on January 7, 2021 4749:from the original on March 21, 2023. 4719:from the original on March 21, 2023. 4689:from the original on March 21, 2023. 4659:from the original on March 21, 2023. 4629:from the original on March 21, 2023. 4599:from the original on March 21, 2023. 4569:from the original on March 21, 2023. 4539:from the original on March 21, 2023. 4509:from the original on March 21, 2023. 4479:from the original on March 21, 2023. 4019:from the original on August 31, 2024 3989:from the original on August 29, 2024 3959:from the original on August 29, 2024 3899:from the original on January 1, 2021 3866:from the original on January 1, 2021 3803:from the original on January 1, 2021 3686:from the original on March 21, 2023. 3656:from the original on March 21, 2023. 3602:Jiang, Chenxin (November 20, 2016). 3301:Holy Bible: English Standard Version 3126: 3064:Goins-Phillips, Tré (May 15, 2023). 3002: 2992:from the original on March 21, 2023. 2938: 2804:from the original on January 6, 2021 2781:from the original on March 21, 2023. 2491:from the original on January 7, 2021 2460:from the original on January 7, 2021 2275:from the original on October 4, 2021 2128:from the original on January 3, 2021 1714:from the original on January 7, 2023 1622: 1620: 1613:from the original on March 21, 2023. 1589: 1587: 980: 944: 916: 4372:from the original on March 22, 2024 4248:from the original on March 22, 2024 4218:from the original on March 22, 2024 4208:"ESV Bible, Audio New Testament CD" 4188:from the original on March 22, 2024 4128:from the original on April 21, 2024 3929:from the original on April 23, 2022 3782: 3766:. February 10, 2018. Archived from 3740:from the original on August 3, 2021 3709:from the original on August 3, 2021 3618:from the original on April 18, 2024 3531: 3519:from the original on April 12, 2021 3489:from the original on April 18, 2024 3458:from the original on April 18, 2024 3446:Taylor, Justin (November 7, 2011). 3287:from the original on July 18, 2024. 3252:from the original on August 3, 2021 3197: 2963: 2895:from the original on July 26, 2021. 2752: 2748:from the original on July 26, 2021. 2666: 2430:from the original on August 3, 2024 2327:Kircher, Travis K. (May 29, 2024). 2317: 2204:from the original on April 13, 2021 1796: 1784:from the original on April 18, 2024 1756: 1078: 1005: 866:Position on gender-neutral language 582: 431:Trinity Evangelical Divinity School 24: 6043:List of English Bible translations 5625:New American Bible Revised Edition 4992:from the original on May 29, 2023. 4963:from the original on May 29, 2023. 4934:from the original on May 29, 2023. 4899:from the original on May 29, 2023. 4843:Why Our Church Switched to the ESV 4835:from the original on May 29, 2023. 4811: 4791:Lutheran Service Book, Pew Edition 4360:Pfeiffer, Rachel (March 4, 2024). 3728:Challies, Tim (October 13, 2016). 3374: 3298:Packer, James Innell, ed. (2002). 3015:from the original on July 26, 2021 2951:from the original on March 3, 2023 2941:"The Bible of 'Trumpists'? Hardly" 2920:from the original on July 14, 2022 2642:Mounce, Bill (November 23, 2009). 2623:from the original on March 4, 2021 2611:Mounce, Bill (November 25, 2008). 2251: 2226:"Bailing Out of the Stealth Bible" 2144: 2086:Carter, Joe (September 30, 2016). 2072: 2005: 1972: 1939: 1904: 1837: 1825:from the original on March 1, 2024 1303:Crossway published an unannounced 966:permanently transitioned from the 957: 646:At the 2008 annual meeting of the 412: 281:List of English Bible translations 25: 6132: 5829:Hebrew-Greek Key Word Study Bible 5230:Julia E. Smith Parker Translation 5104:Middle English Bible translations 4998: 4278:from the original on July 5, 2024 3949:"New English Lectionary Released" 3697:Laughlin, Bryan (June 25, 2018). 3477:Church, Philip (March 17, 2014). 3322:from the original on May 29, 2023 2906:Rosenberg, Paul (July 10, 2021). 2654:from the original on May 18, 2021 2418:Mounce, Bill (October 11, 2009). 2389:"Translation Oversight Committee" 2339:from the original on June 2, 2024 2263:Packer, J. I. (October 2, 2021). 2098:from the original on May 31, 2020 2030:from the original on May 26, 2020 1888:from the original on May 26, 2020 1617: 1584: 1557:from the original on May 26, 2020 1513:from the original on May 26, 2020 1307:to make several text corrections. 1267:Modern English Bible translations 816:ESV Classic Pew and Worship Bible 6088: 6058:Early Modern English (1500–1800) 4783: 4753: 4723: 4693: 4663: 4633: 4603: 4573: 4543: 4513: 4483: 4453: 4414: 4384: 2939:Burk, Denny (January 23, 2023). 1766:Decker, Rodney J. (March 2004). 1740:. August 8, 2005. Archived from 1734:"ESV Readability (Grade Levels)" 1472: 1320:, having been continued by "the 587:In 2008, Crossway published the 425:. In 1997, Dennis contacted the 322: 296:Early Modern English (1500–1800) 47: 27:English translation of the Bible 6121:Bible translations into English 5824:Logos International Study Bible 4525:. Wheaton, IL: Crossway. 2020. 4495:. Wheaton, IL: Crossway. 2015. 4465:. Wheaton, IL: Crossway. 2012. 4353: 4320: 4290: 4260: 4230: 4200: 4170: 4140: 4110: 4086: 4061: 4031: 4001: 3971: 3941: 3911: 3878: 3848: 3815: 3752: 3721: 3690: 3672:. Wheaton, IL: Crossway. 2016. 3660: 3642:. Wheaton, IL: Crossway. 2018. 3630: 3595: 3564: 3501: 3470: 3439: 3401: 3368: 3334: 3291: 3264: 3240:Challies, Tim (March 6, 2019). 3233: 3120: 3090: 3057: 3027: 2996: 2978:. Wheaton, IL: Crossway. 2008. 2932: 2899: 2816: 2785: 2635: 2604: 2571: 2545:. Wheaton, IL: Crossway. 2011. 2533: 2515:. Wheaton, IL: Crossway. 2011. 2503: 2472: 2442: 2411: 2381: 2351: 2287: 2223:Olasky, Susan (June 14, 1997). 2216: 2186: 2110: 2042: 1870: 1462: 1434: 1425: 1415: 1412:was published in December 2003. 1402: 1389: 1376: 1366: 1357: 1348: 1339: 1318:William Tyndale's New Testament 1310: 1297: 1147: 1108: 1068:Bishops' Conference of Scotland 1051:spelling, in multiple formats. 719:Association of Catholic Priests 648:Evangelical Theological Society 621:ESV New Classic Reference Bible 613:ESV New Classic Reference Bible 504:Westminster Theological Journal 466:Translation Oversight Committee 318:Bible translations into English 5819:Dake Annotated Reference Bible 5814:Thompson Chain-Reference Bible 5083:Old English Bible translations 4915:Broadman and Holman Publishers 3856:"The Augustine Bible (ESV-CE)" 3271:Brunn, David (23 April 2024). 3207:Grudem, Wayne (July 6, 2015). 2479:Hodges, Sam (March 20, 2009). 1726: 1668: 1644: 1525:Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia 1443:Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia 1279: 1249:Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod 107:Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia 13: 1: 5894:The Life with God Study Bible 5879:New Interpreter's Study Bible 5050:English-language translations 3414:. WestBow Press. p. 42. 3347:. WestBow Press. p. 42. 1485: 1242: 792:One Million Bibles Initiative 5934:Modern Dialectal & Slang 5794:Life Application Study Bible 5458:Heinz Cassirer's translation 4702:The Scofield Study Bible III 3793:"ESV Catholic Edition Bible" 3003:Ward, Mark (July 19, 2021). 2847:American Academy of Religion 2158:Bayly, David (May 6, 1999). 1704:"Bible Translation Spectrum" 1675:"Preface to the Apocrypha". 937:. This edition includes the 875:Revisions and other editions 427:National Council of Churches 7: 5371:Green's Literal Translation 4968:Schmid, Michael T. (2016). 4427:. New York, NY: HarperOne. 3797:ESV® Catholic Edition Bible 3432:New American Standard Bible 1260: 717:In 2020, the Ireland-based 10: 6137: 6053:Middle English (1066–1500) 5962:Cambridge University Press 5889:Archaeological Study Bible 5884:Reflecting God Study Bible 5436:New International Reader's 3892:National Catholic Register 3408:Butterfield, Glen (2013). 3341:Butterfield, Glen (2013). 2613:"ETS Day 2 by Bill Mounce" 2329:"A chat with Wayne Grudem" 1382:See the section regarding 1192:Concordia Publishing House 407: 373:) is a translation of the 315: 291:Middle English (1066–1500) 29: 6035: 5954: 5933: 5907: 5781: 5759: 5741: 5591:Today's New International 5560: 5540: 5517: 5494: 5474:Holman Christian Standard 5238: 5170: 5112: 5091: 5060: 4122:Anglican House Publishers 4043:Anglican House Publishers 2542:ESV The Four Holy Gospels 2420:"Personal Note: NIV 2011" 1708:Logos Bible Software Wiki 1410:ESV Pew and Worship Bible 1330:American Standard Version 460:New International Version 301:Modern Christian (1800– ) 241: 225: 215: 207: 195: 185: 177: 167: 157: 92: 81: 69: 61: 46: 41: 6063:Modern Christian (1800–) 5849:The Lutheran Study Bible 5809:Scofield Reference Bible 5620:Apostolic Bible Polyglot 5548:Four Prophets (Phillips) 5262:Moffatt, New Translation 4883:B&H Publishing Group 4582:The Lutheran Study Bible 4522:ESV Literary Study Bible 3509:"Gideons go for the ESV" 1573:Novum Testamentum Graece 1456:Novum Testamentum Graece 1336:of 1952 and 1971 (RSV)." 1334:Revised Standard Version 1272: 1226:Scofield Study Bible III 1170:ESV Literary Study Bible 1056:Catholic Church in India 925:Oxford Apocrypha edition 831: 439:Revised Standard Version 417:During the early 1990s, 367:English Standard Version 128:Novum Testamentum Graece 86:Revised Standard Version 42:English Standard Version 5967:Oxford University Press 5804:Reformation Study Bible 5679:The Passion Translation 5424:21st Century King James 4840:DeYoung, Kevin (2011). 4612:Reformation Study Bible 4492:ESV Student Study Bible 4148:"Purchase an ESV Bible" 3377:"ESV 2011 Text Changes" 3098:"Purchase an ESV Bible" 2843:Oxford University Press 2698:Oxford University Press 2485:The Dallas Morning News 1469:Stanislas Savarimuthu." 1384:gender-neutral language 1332:of 1901 (ASV), and the 1326:English Revised Version 1199:Reformation Study Bible 1166:ESV Student Study Bible 931:Oxford University Press 500:Vern Sheridan Poythress 6048:Old English (pre-1066) 5972:American Bible Society 5844:The Wesley Study Bible 5799:Oxford Annotated Bible 5646:Divine Name King James 5468:International Standard 5252:Rotherham's Emphasized 4939:Ryken, Leland (2011). 4462:ESV Global Study Bible 3829:(Corrected ed.). 3730:"You, Me, and the ESV" 3009:By Faith We Understand 2856:10.1093/jaarel/lfab054 1214:Hendrickson Publishers 1162:ESV Global Study Bible 1120:Protestant Reformation 1103: 1058:adopted a new English 1016:deuterocanonical books 968:New King James Version 884: 859: 819: 789: 763:which gave rise to it. 686:University of Oklahoma 675: 616: 539: 306:Modern Jewish (1853– ) 286:Old English (pre-1066) 203:ESV Text Edition: 2016 6068:Modern Jewish (1853–) 6012:Hendrickson Publisher 5834:MacArthur Study Bible 5685:Revised New Jerusalem 5463:Complete Jewish Bible 5313:New American Standard 5078:Old English Hexateuch 4767:. November 28, 2016. 3955:. February 18, 2020. 2710:10.1093/socrel/srz022 2685:Sociology of Religion 2369:on September 26, 2023 2359:"Oversight Committee" 2194:"Translation Process" 2161:"Decline of the NIV?" 1917:"Oversight Committee" 1254:Lutheran Service Book 1177:MacArthur Study Bible 1029:Liturgiam authenticam 964:Gideons International 882: 842: 814: 775:be transitivity. You 747: 695:cultural reproduction 691:sociological analyses 657: 633:The Four Holy Gospels 611: 549:, Gordon Wenham, and 523: 216:Religious affiliation 125:(5th corrected ed.); 6116:2001 in Christianity 6022:Saint Benedict Press 5854:Orthodox Study Bible 5714:Tree of Life Version 5691:Evangelical Heritage 5480:Easy-to-Read Version 5400:Contemporary English 5388:New Revised Standard 5183:Brenton's Septuagint 4334:The Gospel Coalition 4118:"ESV with Apocrypha" 4039:"ESV with Apocrypha" 3985:. January 21, 2021. 3860:Logos Bible Software 3770:on February 12, 2018 3515:. December 4, 2014. 3452:The Gospel Coalition 3108:on December 24, 2003 3045:on November 11, 2022 2124:. October 24, 2018. 2092:The Gospel Coalition 1247:In August 2006, the 1188:Lutheran Study Bible 888:2002 text correction 818:(2002 corrected ed.) 743:Bible Study Magazine 704:their interpretation 272:The Bible in English 32:ESV (disambiguation) 5874:Study Bible for GNT 5869:Study Bible for NLT 5864:Study Bible for ESV 5859:Study Bible for NIV 5636:The Orthodox Jewish 5382:Christian Community 4974:. Bloomington, IN: 4238:"ESV by Max McLean" 3925:. SPCK Publishing. 1569:Greek New Testament 1451:Greek New Testament 1324:of 1611 (KJV), the 1204:Ligonier Ministries 1095:Future text edition 1054:In April 2020, the 1041:The Augustine Bible 1037:Augustine Institute 807:Literary attributes 689:more sophisticated 123:Greek New Testament 6002:Lockman Foundation 5955:Notable publishers 5732:Free Bible Version 5673:Christian Standard 5656:Tree of Life Bible 4366:Christianity Today 4094:ESV with Apocrypha 4070:ESV with Apocrypha 4049:on January 1, 2021 3703:Tabletalk Magazine 3669:ESV Reader's Bible 3577:Christianity Today 3552:on August 24, 2016 2648:Zondervan Academic 2617:Zondervan Academic 1983:"Advisory Council" 1677:ESV with Apocrypha 1652:ESV with Apocrypha 1628:ESV with Apocrypha 1328:of 1885 (RV), the 1322:King James Version 1292:ESV with Apocrypha 1085:ESV with Apocrypha 988:ESV Reader's Bible 897:Anglicized edition 885: 820: 625:King James Version 617: 162:Formal equivalence 56:(hardcover, black) 6076: 6075: 5839:Ryrie Study Bible 5777: 5776: 5726:Majority Standard 5556: 5555: 5342:New International 5246:American Standard 5215:Emphatic Diaglott 5171:18th–19th century 5113:16th–17th century 4985:978-1-5127-4145-2 4956:978-1-4335-3066-1 4924:978-0-8054-3193-3 4913:. Nashville, TN: 4892:978-1-4336-7646-8 4881:. Nashville, TN: 4860:978-1-4335-2745-6 4800:978-0-7586-1217-5 4742:978-0-8024-7562-6 4732:Ryrie Study Bible 4712:978-0-19-527875-0 4682:978-0-7586-2547-2 4652:978-1-61970-148-9 4622:978-1-56769-440-6 4592:978-0-7586-1760-6 4562:978-0-7852-3550-7 4532:978-1-4335-6871-8 4502:978-1-4335-4805-5 4472:978-1-4335-3153-8 4434:978-0-06-068962-9 4103:979-8-9878026-0-1 4079:978-1-7323448-6-0 4015:. July 24, 2023. 3679:978-1-4335-5347-9 3649:978-1-4335-6343-0 3421:978-1-4908-0549-8 3354:978-1-4908-0549-8 3315:978-0-00-710749-0 3149:on behalf of the 3134:Vetus Testamentum 2985:978-1-4335-0241-5 2845:on behalf of the 2774:978-1-4335-0241-5 2700:on behalf of the 2552:978-1-4335-2194-2 2522:978-1-4335-2961-0 2450:"ESV Study Bible" 2399:on August 9, 2011 1950:"Review Scholars" 1744:on March 17, 2015 1686:978-1-7323448-6-0 1661:978-1-7323448-6-0 1637:978-1-7323448-6-0 1606:978-0-1952-8910-7 1233:Ryrie Study Bible 1138:Jackie Hill Perry 981:2016 text edition 945:2011 text edition 917:2007 text edition 684:In October 2019, 491:William D. Mounce 387:critical editions 363: 362: 266: 265: 16:(Redirected from 6128: 6093: 6092: 6091: 6084: 6036:Additional lists 5925:The Action Bible 5739: 5738: 5585:English Standard 5492: 5491: 5430:Third Millennium 5278:Revised Standard 5061:5th–11th century 5043: 5036: 5029: 5020: 5019: 5015: 5010: 5009: 5007:Official website 4993: 4964: 4935: 4933: 4912: 4900: 4871: 4869: 4848: 4836: 4805: 4804: 4787: 4781: 4780: 4778: 4776: 4757: 4751: 4750: 4727: 4721: 4720: 4697: 4691: 4690: 4667: 4661: 4660: 4637: 4631: 4630: 4607: 4601: 4600: 4577: 4571: 4570: 4547: 4541: 4540: 4517: 4511: 4510: 4487: 4481: 4480: 4457: 4451: 4450: 4448: 4446: 4418: 4412: 4411: 4409: 4407: 4388: 4382: 4381: 4379: 4377: 4357: 4351: 4350: 4348: 4346: 4324: 4318: 4317: 4315: 4313: 4294: 4288: 4287: 4285: 4283: 4264: 4258: 4257: 4255: 4253: 4234: 4228: 4227: 4225: 4223: 4204: 4198: 4197: 4195: 4193: 4174: 4168: 4167: 4165: 4163: 4158:on June 22, 2003 4154:. Archived from 4144: 4138: 4137: 4135: 4133: 4114: 4108: 4107: 4090: 4084: 4083: 4065: 4059: 4058: 4056: 4054: 4045:. Archived from 4035: 4029: 4028: 4026: 4024: 4005: 3999: 3998: 3996: 3994: 3975: 3969: 3968: 3966: 3964: 3945: 3939: 3938: 3936: 3934: 3915: 3909: 3908: 3906: 3904: 3882: 3876: 3875: 3873: 3871: 3852: 3846: 3845: 3843: 3841: 3835: 3828: 3819: 3813: 3812: 3810: 3808: 3789: 3780: 3779: 3777: 3775: 3756: 3750: 3749: 3747: 3745: 3725: 3719: 3718: 3716: 3714: 3694: 3688: 3687: 3664: 3658: 3657: 3634: 3628: 3627: 3625: 3623: 3607: 3599: 3593: 3592: 3590: 3588: 3568: 3562: 3561: 3559: 3557: 3548:. Archived from 3538: 3529: 3528: 3526: 3524: 3505: 3499: 3498: 3496: 3494: 3474: 3468: 3467: 3465: 3463: 3443: 3437: 3436: 3405: 3399: 3398: 3396: 3394: 3388: 3381: 3375:Dennis, Lane T. 3372: 3366: 3365: 3338: 3332: 3331: 3329: 3327: 3295: 3289: 3288: 3268: 3262: 3261: 3259: 3257: 3237: 3231: 3230: 3228: 3226: 3220: 3213: 3204: 3195: 3194: 3147:Brill Publishers 3124: 3118: 3117: 3115: 3113: 3104:. Archived from 3094: 3088: 3087: 3085: 3083: 3061: 3055: 3054: 3052: 3050: 3041:. Archived from 3031: 3025: 3024: 3022: 3020: 3000: 2994: 2993: 2970: 2961: 2960: 2958: 2956: 2936: 2930: 2929: 2927: 2925: 2903: 2897: 2896: 2858: 2820: 2814: 2813: 2811: 2809: 2789: 2783: 2782: 2759: 2750: 2749: 2681: 2673: 2664: 2663: 2661: 2659: 2639: 2633: 2632: 2630: 2628: 2608: 2602: 2601: 2599: 2597: 2591: 2584: 2575: 2569: 2568: 2566: 2564: 2537: 2531: 2530: 2507: 2501: 2500: 2498: 2496: 2476: 2470: 2469: 2467: 2465: 2446: 2440: 2439: 2437: 2435: 2415: 2409: 2408: 2406: 2404: 2395:. Archived from 2385: 2379: 2378: 2376: 2374: 2365:. Archived from 2355: 2349: 2348: 2346: 2344: 2324: 2315: 2314: 2312: 2310: 2291: 2285: 2284: 2282: 2280: 2260: 2249: 2248: 2246: 2244: 2228: 2220: 2214: 2213: 2211: 2209: 2190: 2184: 2183: 2181: 2179: 2163: 2155: 2142: 2141: 2135: 2133: 2122:Vimeo (Crossway) 2114: 2108: 2107: 2105: 2103: 2083: 2070: 2069: 2067: 2065: 2046: 2040: 2039: 2037: 2035: 2016: 2003: 2002: 2000: 1998: 1993:on March 8, 2008 1989:. Archived from 1979: 1970: 1969: 1967: 1965: 1946: 1937: 1936: 1934: 1932: 1913: 1902: 1901: 1895: 1893: 1874: 1868: 1867: 1865: 1863: 1844: 1835: 1834: 1832: 1830: 1824: 1813: 1805: 1794: 1793: 1791: 1789: 1783: 1772: 1763: 1754: 1753: 1751: 1749: 1730: 1724: 1723: 1721: 1719: 1700: 1691: 1690: 1672: 1666: 1665: 1648: 1642: 1641: 1624: 1615: 1614: 1591: 1582: 1581: 1578: 1564: 1562: 1543: 1534: 1533: 1530: 1520: 1518: 1499: 1479: 1476: 1470: 1466: 1460: 1438: 1432: 1429: 1423: 1419: 1413: 1406: 1400: 1393: 1387: 1380: 1374: 1370: 1364: 1361: 1355: 1352: 1346: 1343: 1337: 1314: 1308: 1305:revision in 2002 1301: 1295: 1283: 1237:Moody Publishers 1079:Anglican edition 1006:Catholic edition 856: 852: 847: 786: 782: 770: 766: 752: 672: 662: 583:Post-publication 545:, J. I. Packer, 536: 532: 528: 518:Robert H. Mounce 355: 348: 341: 329:Bible portal 327: 326: 325: 268: 267: 237: 234: 232: 181:2007, 2011, 2016 178:Version revision 158:Translation type 131:(28th ed., 2012) 74: 51: 39: 38: 21: 6136: 6135: 6131: 6130: 6129: 6127: 6126: 6125: 6101: 6100: 6099: 6089: 6087: 6079: 6077: 6072: 6031: 5950: 5929: 5920:The Manga Bible 5915:The Brick Bible 5903: 5899:The Green Bible 5773: 5755: 5737: 5720:Berean Standard 5703:Legacy Standard 5667:Literal English 5580:World Messianic 5568:Palmarian Bible 5552: 5536: 5513: 5490: 5394:Revised English 5295:Modern Language 5234: 5193:Young's Literal 5166: 5108: 5087: 5056: 5047: 5005: 5004: 5001: 4996: 4986: 4957: 4945:. Wheaton, IL: 4931: 4925: 4910: 4893: 4867: 4861: 4849:. Wheaton, IL: 4846: 4814: 4812:Further reading 4809: 4808: 4801: 4789: 4788: 4784: 4774: 4772: 4759: 4758: 4754: 4743: 4729: 4728: 4724: 4713: 4699: 4698: 4694: 4683: 4669: 4668: 4664: 4653: 4639: 4638: 4634: 4623: 4609: 4608: 4604: 4593: 4579: 4578: 4574: 4563: 4549: 4548: 4544: 4533: 4519: 4518: 4514: 4503: 4489: 4488: 4484: 4473: 4459: 4458: 4454: 4444: 4442: 4435: 4419: 4415: 4405: 4403: 4390: 4389: 4385: 4375: 4373: 4358: 4354: 4344: 4342: 4325: 4321: 4311: 4309: 4296: 4295: 4291: 4281: 4279: 4266: 4265: 4261: 4251: 4249: 4236: 4235: 4231: 4221: 4219: 4206: 4205: 4201: 4191: 4189: 4176: 4175: 4171: 4161: 4159: 4146: 4145: 4141: 4131: 4129: 4116: 4115: 4111: 4104: 4092: 4091: 4087: 4080: 4068: 4066: 4062: 4052: 4050: 4037: 4036: 4032: 4022: 4020: 4007: 4006: 4002: 3992: 3990: 3977: 3976: 3972: 3962: 3960: 3947: 3946: 3942: 3932: 3930: 3923:SPCK Publishing 3917: 3916: 3912: 3902: 3900: 3883: 3879: 3869: 3867: 3854: 3853: 3849: 3839: 3837: 3833: 3826: 3820: 3816: 3806: 3804: 3791: 3790: 3783: 3773: 3771: 3758: 3757: 3753: 3743: 3741: 3726: 3722: 3712: 3710: 3695: 3691: 3680: 3666: 3665: 3661: 3650: 3636: 3635: 3631: 3621: 3619: 3600: 3596: 3586: 3584: 3569: 3565: 3555: 3553: 3540: 3539: 3532: 3522: 3520: 3507: 3506: 3502: 3492: 3490: 3483:Laidlaw College 3475: 3471: 3461: 3459: 3444: 3440: 3422: 3406: 3402: 3392: 3390: 3386: 3379: 3373: 3369: 3355: 3339: 3335: 3325: 3323: 3316: 3296: 3292: 3269: 3265: 3255: 3253: 3238: 3234: 3224: 3222: 3218: 3211: 3205: 3198: 3125: 3121: 3111: 3109: 3096: 3095: 3091: 3081: 3079: 3062: 3058: 3048: 3046: 3033: 3032: 3028: 3018: 3016: 3001: 2997: 2986: 2975:ESV Study Bible 2972: 2971: 2964: 2954: 2952: 2937: 2933: 2923: 2921: 2904: 2900: 2821: 2817: 2807: 2805: 2790: 2786: 2775: 2764:ESV Study Bible 2761: 2760: 2753: 2674: 2667: 2657: 2655: 2640: 2636: 2626: 2624: 2609: 2605: 2595: 2593: 2589: 2582: 2576: 2572: 2562: 2560: 2553: 2539: 2538: 2534: 2523: 2509: 2508: 2504: 2494: 2492: 2477: 2473: 2463: 2461: 2448: 2447: 2443: 2433: 2431: 2416: 2412: 2402: 2400: 2387: 2386: 2382: 2372: 2370: 2357: 2356: 2352: 2342: 2340: 2325: 2318: 2308: 2306: 2293: 2292: 2288: 2278: 2276: 2261: 2252: 2242: 2240: 2221: 2217: 2207: 2205: 2192: 2191: 2187: 2177: 2175: 2156: 2145: 2131: 2129: 2116: 2115: 2111: 2101: 2099: 2084: 2073: 2063: 2061: 2048: 2047: 2043: 2033: 2031: 2018: 2017: 2006: 1996: 1994: 1981: 1980: 1973: 1963: 1961: 1948: 1947: 1940: 1930: 1928: 1915: 1914: 1905: 1891: 1889: 1876: 1875: 1871: 1861: 1859: 1848:"About the ESV" 1846: 1845: 1838: 1828: 1826: 1822: 1811: 1807: 1806: 1797: 1787: 1785: 1781: 1770: 1764: 1757: 1747: 1745: 1732: 1731: 1727: 1717: 1715: 1702: 1701: 1694: 1687: 1674: 1673: 1669: 1662: 1650: 1649: 1645: 1638: 1626: 1625: 1618: 1607: 1593: 1592: 1585: 1576: 1560: 1558: 1545: 1544: 1537: 1528: 1527:(5th ed., 1997) 1516: 1514: 1501: 1500: 1493: 1488: 1483: 1482: 1477: 1473: 1467: 1463: 1439: 1435: 1430: 1426: 1420: 1416: 1407: 1403: 1397:ESV Study Bible 1394: 1390: 1381: 1377: 1371: 1367: 1362: 1358: 1353: 1349: 1344: 1340: 1315: 1311: 1302: 1298: 1284: 1280: 1275: 1263: 1245: 1235:, published by 1212:, published by 1202:, published by 1190:, published by 1180:, published by 1158:ESV Study Bible 1150: 1111: 1106: 1097: 1081: 1008: 992:ESV Study Bible 983: 974:Textus Receptus 960: 958:Gideons edition 947: 927: 919: 899: 890: 877: 868: 854: 850: 845: 834: 825: 809: 794: 784: 780: 768: 764: 750: 712:ESV Study Bible 700:complementarian 670: 660: 652:Mark L. Strauss 644: 629:Makoto Fujimura 599:ESV Study Bible 590:ESV Study Bible 585: 534: 530: 526: 468: 415: 413:Pre-publication 410: 359: 323: 321: 320: 316:Main category: 310: 262: 261: 258: 252: 251: 247: 229: 153: 88:(2nd ed., 1971) 72: 70: 57: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6134: 6124: 6123: 6118: 6113: 6098: 6097: 6074: 6073: 6071: 6070: 6065: 6060: 6055: 6050: 6045: 6039: 6037: 6033: 6032: 6030: 6029: 6027:Baronius Press 6024: 6019: 6017:Ignatius Press 6014: 6009: 6004: 5999: 5994: 5989: 5984: 5979: 5974: 5969: 5964: 5958: 5956: 5952: 5951: 5949: 5948: 5943: 5937: 5935: 5931: 5930: 5928: 5927: 5922: 5917: 5911: 5909: 5908:Picture Bibles 5905: 5904: 5902: 5901: 5896: 5891: 5886: 5881: 5876: 5871: 5866: 5861: 5856: 5851: 5846: 5841: 5836: 5831: 5826: 5821: 5816: 5811: 5806: 5801: 5796: 5791: 5785: 5783: 5779: 5778: 5775: 5774: 5772: 5771: 5765: 5763: 5757: 5756: 5754: 5753: 5747: 5745: 5736: 5735: 5729: 5723: 5717: 5711: 5706: 5700: 5694: 5688: 5682: 5676: 5670: 5664: 5661:Modern English 5658: 5653: 5648: 5643: 5638: 5633: 5631:Lexham English 5628: 5622: 5617: 5614:Common English 5611: 5606: 5600: 5594: 5588: 5582: 5577: 5571: 5564: 5562: 5558: 5557: 5554: 5553: 5551: 5550: 5544: 5542: 5538: 5537: 5535: 5534: 5529: 5523: 5521: 5515: 5514: 5512: 5511: 5506: 5500: 5498: 5489: 5488: 5483: 5477: 5471: 5465: 5460: 5455: 5449: 5444: 5439: 5433: 5427: 5421: 5415: 5409: 5403: 5397: 5391: 5385: 5379: 5374: 5368: 5362: 5359:New King James 5356: 5351: 5345: 5339: 5334: 5328: 5322: 5316: 5310: 5307:Living English 5304: 5298: 5292: 5286: 5281: 5275: 5269: 5264: 5259: 5254: 5249: 5242: 5240: 5236: 5235: 5233: 5232: 5227: 5222: 5217: 5212: 5207: 5205:Living Oracles 5202: 5196: 5190: 5185: 5180: 5174: 5172: 5168: 5167: 5165: 5164: 5158: 5152: 5147: 5142: 5137: 5132: 5127: 5122: 5116: 5114: 5110: 5109: 5107: 5106: 5101: 5095: 5093: 5092:Middle English 5089: 5088: 5086: 5085: 5080: 5075: 5073:Hatton Gospels 5070: 5068:Wessex Gospels 5064: 5062: 5058: 5057: 5046: 5045: 5038: 5031: 5023: 5017: 5016: 5000: 4999:External links 4997: 4995: 4994: 4984: 4965: 4955: 4936: 4923: 4901: 4891: 4872: 4859: 4837: 4815: 4813: 4810: 4807: 4806: 4799: 4782: 4752: 4741: 4722: 4711: 4692: 4681: 4662: 4651: 4632: 4621: 4602: 4591: 4572: 4561: 4542: 4531: 4512: 4501: 4482: 4471: 4452: 4433: 4413: 4383: 4352: 4319: 4289: 4259: 4229: 4199: 4169: 4139: 4109: 4102: 4085: 4078: 4060: 4030: 4000: 3970: 3940: 3910: 3877: 3847: 3814: 3781: 3751: 3720: 3689: 3678: 3659: 3648: 3629: 3594: 3563: 3530: 3500: 3469: 3438: 3420: 3400: 3367: 3353: 3333: 3314: 3290: 3263: 3232: 3196: 3119: 3089: 3056: 3026: 2995: 2984: 2962: 2931: 2898: 2815: 2784: 2773: 2751: 2665: 2634: 2603: 2570: 2551: 2532: 2521: 2502: 2471: 2441: 2410: 2380: 2350: 2316: 2295:"Endorsements" 2286: 2250: 2215: 2185: 2143: 2109: 2071: 2050:"Endorsements" 2041: 2004: 1971: 1938: 1903: 1869: 1836: 1795: 1777:. p. 58. 1755: 1725: 1692: 1685: 1667: 1660: 1643: 1636: 1616: 1605: 1583: 1535: 1490: 1489: 1487: 1484: 1481: 1480: 1471: 1461: 1433: 1424: 1414: 1401: 1388: 1375: 1365: 1356: 1347: 1338: 1309: 1296: 1277: 1276: 1274: 1271: 1270: 1269: 1262: 1259: 1244: 1241: 1240: 1239: 1229: 1222: 1216: 1206: 1194: 1184: 1172: 1149: 1146: 1110: 1107: 1105: 1102: 1096: 1093: 1080: 1077: 1007: 1004: 982: 979: 959: 956: 946: 943: 933:published the 926: 923: 918: 915: 911:United Kingdom 905:published the 898: 895: 889: 886: 876: 873: 867: 864: 833: 830: 824: 821: 808: 805: 793: 790: 643: 640: 584: 581: 580: 579: 573: 570: 567: 564: 561: 558: 541:By late 2023, 514: 513: 507: 497: 494: 488: 467: 464: 414: 411: 409: 406: 361: 360: 358: 357: 350: 343: 335: 332: 331: 312: 311: 309: 308: 303: 298: 293: 288: 283: 275: 274: 264: 263: 259: 254: 253: 248: 243: 242: 239: 238: 227: 223: 222: 217: 213: 212: 209: 208:Copies printed 205: 204: 197: 193: 192: 187: 183: 182: 179: 175: 174: 169: 165: 164: 159: 155: 154: 152: 151: 132: 111: 96: 94: 90: 89: 83: 79: 78: 75: 71:Complete Bible 67: 66: 63: 59: 58: 52: 44: 43: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6133: 6122: 6119: 6117: 6114: 6112: 6109: 6108: 6106: 6096: 6086: 6085: 6082: 6069: 6066: 6064: 6061: 6059: 6056: 6054: 6051: 6049: 6046: 6044: 6041: 6040: 6038: 6034: 6028: 6025: 6023: 6020: 6018: 6015: 6013: 6010: 6008: 6005: 6003: 6000: 5998: 5995: 5993: 5992:HarperCollins 5990: 5988: 5987:Tyndale House 5985: 5983: 5982:Thomas Nelson 5980: 5978: 5975: 5973: 5970: 5968: 5965: 5963: 5960: 5959: 5957: 5953: 5947: 5944: 5942: 5939: 5938: 5936: 5932: 5926: 5923: 5921: 5918: 5916: 5913: 5912: 5910: 5906: 5900: 5897: 5895: 5892: 5890: 5887: 5885: 5882: 5880: 5877: 5875: 5872: 5870: 5867: 5865: 5862: 5860: 5857: 5855: 5852: 5850: 5847: 5845: 5842: 5840: 5837: 5835: 5832: 5830: 5827: 5825: 5822: 5820: 5817: 5815: 5812: 5810: 5807: 5805: 5802: 5800: 5797: 5795: 5792: 5790: 5789:Haydock Bible 5787: 5786: 5784: 5780: 5770: 5767: 5766: 5764: 5762: 5758: 5752: 5749: 5748: 5746: 5744: 5740: 5733: 5730: 5727: 5724: 5721: 5718: 5715: 5712: 5710: 5709:Antioch Bible 5707: 5704: 5701: 5698: 5695: 5692: 5689: 5686: 5683: 5680: 5677: 5674: 5671: 5668: 5665: 5662: 5659: 5657: 5654: 5652: 5649: 5647: 5644: 5642: 5639: 5637: 5634: 5632: 5629: 5626: 5623: 5621: 5618: 5615: 5612: 5610: 5607: 5604: 5601: 5598: 5595: 5592: 5589: 5586: 5583: 5581: 5578: 5575: 5574:World English 5572: 5569: 5566: 5565: 5563: 5559: 5549: 5546: 5545: 5543: 5539: 5533: 5530: 5528: 5525: 5524: 5522: 5520: 5519:New Testament 5516: 5510: 5507: 5505: 5502: 5501: 5499: 5497: 5493: 5487: 5484: 5481: 5478: 5475: 5472: 5469: 5466: 5464: 5461: 5459: 5456: 5453: 5450: 5448: 5445: 5443: 5440: 5437: 5434: 5431: 5428: 5425: 5422: 5419: 5416: 5413: 5410: 5407: 5404: 5401: 5398: 5395: 5392: 5389: 5386: 5383: 5380: 5378: 5375: 5372: 5369: 5366: 5365:New Jerusalem 5363: 5360: 5357: 5355: 5352: 5349: 5346: 5343: 5340: 5338: 5335: 5332: 5329: 5326: 5323: 5320: 5317: 5314: 5311: 5308: 5305: 5302: 5299: 5296: 5293: 5290: 5287: 5285: 5282: 5279: 5276: 5273: 5272:Basic English 5270: 5268: 5265: 5263: 5260: 5258: 5257:Ferrar Fenton 5255: 5253: 5250: 5247: 5244: 5243: 5241: 5237: 5231: 5228: 5226: 5223: 5221: 5218: 5216: 5213: 5211: 5208: 5206: 5203: 5200: 5197: 5194: 5191: 5189: 5186: 5184: 5181: 5179: 5176: 5175: 5173: 5169: 5162: 5159: 5156: 5153: 5151: 5148: 5146: 5143: 5141: 5138: 5136: 5133: 5131: 5128: 5126: 5123: 5121: 5118: 5117: 5115: 5111: 5105: 5102: 5100: 5097: 5096: 5094: 5090: 5084: 5081: 5079: 5076: 5074: 5071: 5069: 5066: 5065: 5063: 5059: 5055: 5051: 5044: 5039: 5037: 5032: 5030: 5025: 5024: 5021: 5014: 5008: 5003: 5002: 4991: 4987: 4981: 4977: 4976:WestBow Press 4973: 4972: 4966: 4962: 4958: 4952: 4948: 4944: 4943: 4937: 4930: 4926: 4920: 4916: 4909: 4908: 4902: 4898: 4894: 4888: 4884: 4880: 4879: 4873: 4866: 4862: 4856: 4852: 4845: 4844: 4838: 4834: 4830: 4826: 4822: 4817: 4816: 4802: 4796: 4792: 4786: 4770: 4766: 4762: 4756: 4748: 4744: 4738: 4734: 4733: 4726: 4718: 4714: 4708: 4704: 4703: 4696: 4688: 4684: 4678: 4674: 4673: 4666: 4658: 4654: 4648: 4644: 4643: 4636: 4628: 4624: 4618: 4614: 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