33:
605:
817:
2552:
496:
976:
832:) which included the CPI and Muslim League. Soon after becoming Chief Minister again, on 31 January 1968 he inaugurated a mechanized coir factory called Floorco in Pozhikkara, Paravur. This time Namboodiripad's tenure lasted for two and a half years, and the government fell on 24 October 1969 due to internal conflicts within the constituent parties.
769:-led government under E. M. S. Namboodiripad resulted from the first elections for the new Kerala Legislative Assembly in 1957, making him the first communist leader in India to head a popularly elected government. It was the second ever Communist government to be democratically elected, after Communist success in the 1945 elections in the
958:). Though the party considered Kesari one of the visionaries of the Progressive Movement for Arts and Letters in Kerala, serious differences of opinion emerged between full-time Communist Party activists and other personalities, namely Kesari and Mundassery. In this context, Namboodiripad famously accused Kesari of being a "
809:'s in the ouster has been long suspected. Declassified CIA documents show that the establishment of communist state governments in India concerned them and "preventing additional Keralas became an important argument for augmenting U.S. assistance to India". According to the biography of former US Ambassador
1041:
Three more deaths occurred in his family within five years after his death, starting with his daughter-in-law Dr. Yamuna in August 2001, and later followed by his wife Arya
Antharjanam in January 2002 and elder son E.M. Sreedharan in November 2002. E.M. Sasi, his younger son, died on 24 January 2022
1361:
The first democratically elected communist-led government in India actually came to power in 1957 in the southwest-Indian state of Kerala. Two years later this government was undemocratically toppled-by the union government and the
Congress-I party with Indira Gandhi in the forefront. But the
1030:
condoled his death and stated: "A scholar, historian and journalist, he was above all an educator of the people as well as their leader. Unremittingly, for the last several decades, he analysed the socio-political scene from the firm-rootedness of his intellectual position and enriched Indian
962:
intellectual", an appellation he retracted. Namboodiripad also acknowledged some of the earlier misconceptions of the
Communist Party with respect to the Progressive Literature and Arts Movement. This debate is known as "Rupa Bhadrata Vivadam", an important milestone in the growth of modern
406:. It is largely due to his commitment and guidance that the CPI(M), of which he was Politburo member and general secretary for 14 years, has become such a domineering political force, playing a vital role in India's new era of coalition politics.
843:) and the Kerala Literacy Movement influenced Kerala society. He authored several books in English and Malayalam. Chintha Publication, Kerala has published all his books under the title, "E M S Sanchika". He also was well known as a journalist.
1011:
The state government declared a seven-day mourning. His body was draped in the CPI (M) flag and was taken to AKG Centre in the city where members of his family paid their respects, before it was taken to Durbar Hall and was kept for
1038:, who took office on the same day Namboodiripad died, recalled that Namboodiripad had brought to politics a sense of commitment and purpose and that he was a champion of the cause of the working classes and the downtrodden.
2791:
2736:
2174:
2781:
930:, other parties portrayed left-wing parties as pro-China, since both were Communist. Namboodiripad stated that the left was focused on solving the border dispute through talks.
1054:
EMS was married to Arya
Antharjanam and had two sons – E. M. Sreedharan and E. M. Sasi – and two daughters – E. M. Malathy and E. M. Radha. His grandson (Sreedharan's son)
2014:
2881:
1662:
2786:
1800:
1409:
2741:
2886:
2074:
1587:
2836:
2896:
2831:
2007:
1204:
2414:
2311:
646:
1016:, where members of the public, and party leaders and workers paid their respects. Thousands of people joined the funeral procession and he was
1632:
1275:
2776:
2771:
955:
1314:
2306:
2240:
2000:
1866:
2301:
561:
414:
E. M. Sankaran
Namboodiripad was born on 13 June 1909, as the fourth son of Parameswaran Namboodiripad and Vishnudatha Antharjanam, at
2851:
986:
Despite his age and failing health, Namboodiripad was still active in political and social fields. He actively campaigned during the
749:
734:
714:
699:
684:
669:
2871:
2826:
2512:
1230:
1751:
2846:
2756:
904:
1831:
1513:
1479:
1445:
1385:
880:
1123:
449:
as the belligerent attacked his house. In his early years, he was a close friend of Sr. P.M. Mathew. He was associated with
2270:
1894:
EMS Namboodiripad talking about how he became a communist in the 1930s and the development of the Indian communist movement
1177:
487:
Namboodiripad was well known for his stammer. When asked if he always stammered, he would reply, "No, only when I speak."
2861:
2841:
2407:
2250:
1073:
1067:
828:
Namboodiripad became the Chief
Minister of Kerala for the second time in 1967 as the leader of a seven-party coalition (
2806:
2801:
2796:
2731:
2527:
2446:
2023:
1974:
719:
565:
396:
335:
280:
172:
402:
As chief minister, EMS pioneered radical land and educational reforms in Kerala, which helped it become the country's
2856:
2811:
2328:
674:
2876:
2280:
2866:
2532:
1086:
345:
2766:
2400:
739:
724:
704:
689:
521:
which was the organ of the
Congress Socialist Party in Kerala. During this period, he was also elected to the
2891:
2761:
2537:
2260:
1595:
754:
462:
2821:
2816:
987:
477:
469:
324:
1893:
2674:
2517:
2139:
1879:
1103:
836:
806:
782:
777:.) On 5 April 1957 he was appointed as the first chief minister of Kerala. His government introduced the
664:
641:
522:
2651:
2467:
1565:"Foreign Relations of the United States, 1955–1957, South Asia, Volume VIII – Office of the Historian"
839:
from 1960 to 1964 and again from 1970 to 1977. His vision of decentralization of power and resources (
2751:
1260:
939:
1564:
816:
515:, and elected as its All India Joint Secretary from 1934 to 1940. He edited the Malayalam newspaper
32:
2746:
2462:
1941:
1914:
1640:
766:
651:
609:
604:
549:
512:
504:
473:
389:
385:
381:
285:
126:
45:
1692:
1288:
1148:
801:
was hesitant to dismiss a democratically elected government, but he was convinced by his daughter
2214:
2051:
2039:
1984:
1032:
435:
207:
789:, began in response to the bills. The central government of India responded in 1959 by invoking
2596:
2507:
2094:
1505:
From
Politics Past to Politics Future: An Integrated Analysis of Current and Emergent Paradigms
1345:
770:
545:
392:
115:
1469:
1435:
2661:
2646:
2586:
2522:
2423:
2124:
1663:"Kerala chronicles: When a coalition of 7 political parties came together only to fall apart"
1617:
1549:
1503:
1284:
778:
415:
161:
2726:
2721:
2477:
1035:
999:
964:
454:
450:
423:
1856:
1002:) on 19 March 1998, aged 88. This was barely hours after he had dictated two articles for
915:
Tendered resignation as a result of internal dissensions and subsequent loss of majority.
821:
8:
2695:
2576:
2497:
2472:
2219:
1848:
829:
794:
774:
541:
427:
395:
in the Indian republic. In 1964, he led a faction of the CPI that broke away to form the
252:
68:
2611:
2502:
2347:
2194:
2134:
1924:
1875:
1785:
1024:
995:
797:, suspending state government and imposing President's rule. Initially, Prime Minister
537:
457:
and many others in the fight against the casteism and conservatism that existed in the
312:
269:
2551:
1992:
1840:
1827:
1759:
1509:
1475:
1441:
1381:
1337:
1013:
943:
893:
786:
581:
573:
442:
243:
168:
122:
954:
were architects of "JeevalSahitya
Prastanam", renamed Purogamana Sahitya Prastanam (
2700:
2666:
2641:
2636:
2626:
2606:
2581:
2224:
2114:
1951:
1780:
1333:
1329:
1240:
840:
810:
798:
481:
80:
1255:
434:
family. His two elder brothers died before he was born, and the third brother was
2616:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2084:
2063:
1375:
1182:
1027:
959:
927:
557:
1719:
495:
2656:
2373:
2144:
1055:
980:
593:
480:. It is said he would walk 5–8 km to hear the firebrand Cochin politician
239:
2715:
2690:
2631:
2591:
2571:
2199:
2164:
2119:
2089:
2057:
1966:
1362:
communists were reelected and led several of the following state governments.
1341:
1017:
933:
802:
533:
247:
195:
560:, he was among leaders who aired China's view on the border issue. When the
2621:
2601:
2340:
2209:
2204:
2109:
2104:
1043:
1004:
951:
446:
403:
380:, was an Indian communist politician and theorist, who served as the first
1551:
Public
Accountability and Transparency: The Imperatives of Good Governance
2380:
846:
790:
458:
419:
2392:
1373:
2366:
2354:
2189:
2129:
2099:
947:
517:
319:
149:
1934:
1697:
1235:
1153:
991:
577:
529:
508:
465:
Yogaskshema Sabha, an organization of progressive Namboothiri youth.
431:
1467:
1091:
921:
1374:
Sarina Singh; Amy Karafin; Anirban Mahapatra (1 September 2009).
585:
1868:
Chief Ministers, Ministers, and Leaders of Opposition of Kerala
1686:
1684:
975:
589:
569:
553:
891:
Dismissed under Article 356 in the aftermath of the so-called
2792:
General secretaries of the Communist Party of India (Marxist)
472:. During his college days, he was deeply associated with the
384:
in 1957–1959 and then again in 1967–1969. As a member of the
1681:
1315:"Communists and democracy: Two Indian cases and one debate"
2737:
Communist Party of India (Marxist) politicians from Kerala
934:
Association with Progressive Movement for Arts and Letters
1468:
Madan Gopal Chitkara; Baṃśī Rāma Śarmā (1 January 1997).
1253:
1231:"A colourful personality fades out from the Kerala scene"
813:, "the election results rang alarm bells in Washington".
1247:
855:
Details of the Ministries led by E. M. S. Namboodiripad
572:
state committee of CPI(M). He served as a member of the
2782:
Chief ministers from Communist Party of India (Marxist)
1020:
in Thycaud electric crematorium in Thiruvananthapuram.
2022:
990:. Soon after the results were declared, he contracted
847:
As the head of ministries in the Kerala State Assembly
1619:
Ellsworth Bunker: Global Troubleshooter, Vietnam Hawk
1328:(2). Committee of Concerned Asian Scholars: 63–76.
994:, and was admitted to the Cosmopolitan hospital in
360:(13 June 1909 – 19 March 1998), popularly known as
1076:and his book on the history of Kerala is notable.
835:Namboodiripad was the Leader of Opposition in the
785:. In 1958, a period of anticommunist protest, the
580:of the CPI(M) until his death in 1998. EMS became
461:community. He became one of the office-bearers of
1858:History Maker: E. M. S. Namboodiripad (1909–1998)
1839:
1461:
1008:, a CPI (M) daily, and replies to a few letters.
556:, forcing him to go into hiding. During the 1962
2713:
1854:
1501:
922:Sino-Indian war and split in the Communist Party
1367:
608:Swearing-in ceremony of Namboodiripad as first
599:
2882:Recipients of the Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award
1437:State Formation and Radical Democracy in India
1312:
2787:Chief ministers from Communist Party of India
2408:
2008:
979:The E.M.S. Memorial Co-operative Hospital in
584:in 1977, a designation he held until 1992. A
2742:Government Victoria College, Palakkad alumni
1749:
1433:
956:Progressive Association for Arts and Letters
1254:Smita Mitra and John Mary (14 March 2011).
1228:
1205:"Resurrecting the Legend of Vettath Mathai"
2887:Brahmins who fought against discrimination
2415:
2401:
2015:
2001:
1824:E. M. S. Namboodiripad: The Marxist Leader
1799:Nagarajan, Saraswathy (13 November 2014).
1758:. Vol. 15, no. 7. Archived from
1508:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 59.
1407:
1306:
1031:political thought to his very last days."
588:scholar, he influenced the development of
31:
2837:20th-century Indian educational theorists
2422:
1798:
1495:
1427:
851:E. M. S. has led 2 ministries in Kerala.
358:Elamkulam Manakkal Sankaran Namboodiripad
227:Elamkulam Manakkal Sankaran Namboodiripad
2897:Prisoners and detainees of British India
2513:Revolutionary Socialist Party (Leninist)
2241:All India Democratic Women's Association
1745:
1743:
1741:
974:
815:
603:
494:
438:. He lost his father when he was five.
2832:20th-century Indian non-fiction writers
1693:"Book Review: Namboodiripad's writings"
1690:
1471:Indian Republic: Issues and Perspective
503:In 1934, he was one of the founders of
58:6 March 1967 – 1 November 1969
2714:
1821:
1691:BHASKAR, B. R. P. (16 November 2004).
905:Second E. M. S. Namboodiripad ministry
430:. He belonged to a prominent Malayali
185:8 April 1978 – 9 January 1992
139:29 April 1962 – 11 April 1964
2396:
1996:
1738:
1557:
1440:. Taylor & Francis. p. 142.
1401:
1175:
1079:
881:First E. M. S. Namboodiripad ministry
2271:Democratic Youth Federation of India
1750:Krishnakumar, R. (4–17 April 1998).
1588:"How CIA ousted Left govt in Kerala"
1585:
1322:Bulletin of Concerned Asian Scholars
1094:reprises the role of Namboodiripad.
93:5 April 1957 – 31 July 1959
2777:Leaders of the Opposition in Kerala
2772:St. Thomas College, Thrissur alumni
1502:Alan James Mayne (1 January 1999).
1068:E. M. S. Namboodiripad bibliography
568:(CPI(M)). He was the leader of the
13:
2528:Janathipathiya Samrakshana Samithy
2447:Communist Party of India (Marxist)
2025:Communist Party of India (Marxist)
1975:Communist Party of India (Marxist)
1815:
1178:"Obituary: E. M. S. Namboodiripad"
566:Communist Party of India (Marxist)
397:Communist Party of India (Marxist)
336:Communist Party of India (Marxist)
281:Communist Party of India (Marxist)
173:Communist Party of India (Marxist)
14:
2908:
1887:
1434:Manali Desai (27 November 2006).
532:, and his compassion towards the
2852:20th-century Indian philosophers
2550:
1287:. pp. 15–16. Archived from
1018:cremated with full state honours
617:Kerala Assembly Election Results
544:considered him to be one of the
2872:20th-century Indian journalists
2827:People from Malappuram district
2533:Kerala Congress (Skaria Thomas)
1792:
1774:
1712:
1655:
1625:
1610:
1579:
1542:
1529:
1474:. APH Publishing. p. 134.
1087:Vasanthathinte Kanal Vazhikalil
1042:after suffering from a massive
388:(CPI), he became the first non-
1826:, New Delhi: Anmol Publisher,
1334:10.1080/14672715.1991.10413152
1268:
1222:
1197:
1176:Singh, Kuldip (1 April 1998).
1169:
1141:
1116:
1072:He was a writer and author of
998:, where he died at 3:40 p.m. (
1:
2847:Indian political philosophers
2757:Indian independence activists
2538:Janadhipathya Kerala Congress
2281:Students' Federation of India
2261:Centre of Indian Trade Unions
1586:Nair, Naveen (28 June 2007).
1109:
468:Namboodiripad graduated from
409:
16:Indian politician (1909–1998)
1408:K.G. Kumar (12 April 2007).
820:EMS with Romanian President
600:Election to state government
592:, of which he was the first
490:
478:Indian independence movement
470:St. Thomas College, Thrissur
325:St. Thomas College, Thrissur
296:Arya Antharjanam (1937–1998)
7:
2518:National Secular Conference
1847:(in Malayalam), New Delhi:
1229:K. M. Tampi (17 May 2001).
1104:Kerala Council of Ministers
1097:
837:Kerala Legislative Assembly
807:Central Intelligence Agency
665:Kerala Legislative Assembly
642:Madras Legislative Assembly
523:Madras Legislative Assembly
418:, situated on the banks of
404:leader in social indicators
10:
2913:
2862:Indian Marxist journalists
2842:Malayalam-language writers
2652:Kadannappalli Ramachandran
2468:Nationalist Congress Party
1720:"E M S Namboodiripad dead"
1065:
1061:
370:or simply by his initials
2732:Chief ministers of Kerala
2684:Chief Ministers of Kerala
2683:
2559:
2548:
2486:
2455:
2439:
2432:
2320:
2294:
2233:
2173:
2073:
2032:
1981:
1973:General Secretary of the
1971:
1963:
1958:
1948:
1939:
1931:
1921:
1912:
1906:
1901:
1855:Multiple authors (1998),
1410:"50 years of development"
1049:
940:Kesari Balakrishna Pillai
718:
663:
650:
528:He remained committed to
351:
341:
330:
318:
308:
300:
292:
276:
259:
222:
217:
213:
201:
189:
178:
167:
155:
143:
132:
121:
109:
97:
86:
74:
62:
51:
43:
39:
30:
23:
2857:Indian economics writers
2812:Indian political writers
2463:Communist Party of India
1959:Party political offices
1942:Chief Minister of Kerala
1915:Chief Minister of Kerala
1801:"Ode to a brave patriot"
970:
610:Chief Minister of Kerala
550:Communist Party of India
513:Indian National Congress
505:Congress Socialist Party
474:Indian National Congress
386:Communist Party of India
382:Chief Minister of Kerala
286:Communist Party of India
127:Communist Party of India
46:Chief Minister of Kerala
2877:Journalists from Kerala
2215:Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee
2052:Harkishan Singh Surjeet
1985:Harkishan Singh Surjeet
1313:Olle Törnquist (1991).
1124:"EMS' wife passes away"
436:intellectually disabled
208:Harkishan Singh Surjeet
2867:Indian Marxist writers
2597:S. Ramachandran Pillai
2567:E. M. S. Namboodiripad
2508:Indian National League
2185:E. M. S. Namboodiripad
2095:S. Ramachandran Pillai
2046:E. M. S. Namboodiripad
1845:E. M. S. Namboodiripad
1822:Bakshi, S. R. (1994),
1209:The New Indian Express
1149:"E.M. Sreedharan dead"
1074:several literary works
983:
825:
771:Republic of San Marino
613:
500:
25:E. M. S. Namboodiripad
2807:Kerala MLAs 1977–1979
2802:Kerala MLAs 1970–1977
2797:Kerala MLAs 1960–1964
2767:Educators from Kerala
2662:M. P. Veerendra Kumar
2647:R. Balakrishna Pillai
2587:Kodiyeri Balakrishnan
2523:Loktantrik Janata Dal
2425:Left Democratic Front
2251:All India Kisan Sabha
2234:Related organisations
2125:Kodiyeri Balakrishnan
1285:University of Calicut
1277:History of Mass Media
1256:"Streaming Syllables"
988:1998 general election
978:
819:
805:. Involvement by the
779:Land Reform Ordinance
607:
564:, EMS stood with the
498:
162:Chandra Rajeswara Rao
2892:Anti-caste activists
2762:Malayali politicians
2478:Janata Dal (Secular)
1861:, Chennai: Frontline
1036:Atal Bihari Vajpayee
965:Malayalam literature
775:microstate in Europe
536:led him to join the
455:M. R. Bhattathiripad
451:V. T. Bhattathiripad
424:Perinthalmanna taluk
365:E.M.S. Namboodiripad
346:Government of Kerala
2822:Writers from Kerala
2817:Indian male writers
2696:V. S. Achuthanandan
2577:V. S. Achuthanandan
2498:Kerala Congress (B)
2473:Kerala Congress (M)
2220:V. S. Achuthanandan
2033:General secretaries
1849:National Book Trust
1762:on 19 February 2001
1633:"Vimochana Samaram"
1598:on 11 February 2011
1567:. history.state.gov
894:Liberation Struggle
856:
830:Saptakakshi Munnani
795:Indian Constitution
428:Malappuram district
253:Malappuram district
116:Pattom Thanu Pillai
2612:Pannyan Raveendran
2503:Congress (Secular)
2348:Daily Desher Katha
2329:People's Democracy
2312:CPI(M) West Bengal
2195:Nripen Chakraborty
2135:Surja Kanta Mishra
1925:Pattom Thanupillai
1902:Political offices
1880:Kerala Legislature
1876:Thiruvananthapuram
1786:India after Gandhi
1294:on 19 October 2016
1157:. 15 November 2002
1128:The Times of India
1080:In popular culture
1025:President of India
996:Thiruvananthapuram
984:
854:
826:
614:
538:Communist movement
501:
499:EMS in late 1940's
313:Thiruvananthapuram
270:Thiruvananthapuram
104:Office Established
2709:
2708:
2546:
2545:
2390:
2389:
2076:Current Politburo
1991:
1990:
1982:Succeeded by
1949:Succeeded by
1922:Succeeded by
1841:P. Govinda Pillai
1833:978-8-1704-1703-3
1752:"Farewell to EMS"
1515:978-0-275-96151-0
1481:978-81-7024-836-1
1447:978-0-203-96774-4
1387:978-1-74179-155-6
1380:. Lonely Planet.
1351:on 11 August 2011
1084:In the 2014 film
944:Joseph Mundassery
919:
918:
822:Nicolae Ceauşescu
787:Vimochana Samaram
763:
762:
582:general secretary
574:Central Committee
562:CPI split in 1964
542:Indian government
443:Malabar rebellion
432:Nambudiri Brahmin
355:
354:
244:Madras Presidency
169:General Secretary
123:General Secretary
2904:
2752:Indian reformers
2701:Pinarayi Vijayan
2667:K. R. Gowri Amma
2642:Mathew T. Thomas
2637:K. Krishnankutty
2627:A. K. Saseendran
2607:C. Achutha Menon
2582:Pinarayi Vijayan
2554:
2440:National Parties
2437:
2436:
2426:
2417:
2410:
2403:
2394:
2393:
2225:Pinarayi Vijayan
2177:
2115:Pinarayi Vijayan
2077:
2026:
2017:
2010:
2003:
1994:
1993:
1964:Preceded by
1952:C. Achutha Menon
1932:Preceded by
1907:Preceded by
1899:
1898:
1883:
1878:: Secratriat of
1873:
1862:
1851:
1836:
1809:
1808:
1796:
1790:
1781:Ramachandra Guha
1778:
1772:
1771:
1769:
1767:
1747:
1736:
1735:
1733:
1731:
1716:
1710:
1709:
1707:
1705:
1688:
1679:
1678:
1676:
1674:
1659:
1653:
1652:
1650:
1648:
1643:on 14 April 2019
1639:. Archived from
1629:
1623:
1614:
1608:
1607:
1605:
1603:
1594:. Archived from
1583:
1577:
1576:
1574:
1572:
1561:
1555:
1546:
1540:
1533:
1527:
1526:
1524:
1522:
1499:
1493:
1492:
1490:
1488:
1465:
1459:
1458:
1456:
1454:
1431:
1425:
1424:
1422:
1420:
1405:
1399:
1398:
1396:
1394:
1371:
1365:
1364:
1358:
1356:
1350:
1344:. Archived from
1319:
1310:
1304:
1303:
1301:
1299:
1293:
1282:
1272:
1266:
1265:
1251:
1245:
1244:
1239:. Archived from
1226:
1220:
1219:
1217:
1215:
1201:
1195:
1194:
1192:
1190:
1173:
1167:
1166:
1164:
1162:
1145:
1139:
1138:
1136:
1134:
1120:
926:During the 1962
912:1 November 1969
857:
853:
811:Ellsworth Bunker
799:Jawaharlal Nehru
621:
620:
530:socialist ideals
511:wing within the
378:
374:
368:
364:
266:
255:, Kerala, India)
236:
234:
218:Personal details
204:
192:
183:
158:
146:
137:
112:
100:
91:
81:C. Achutha Menon
77:
69:President's rule
65:
56:
35:
21:
20:
2912:
2911:
2907:
2906:
2905:
2903:
2902:
2901:
2747:Indian atheists
2712:
2711:
2710:
2705:
2679:
2617:Kanam Rajendran
2555:
2542:
2490:
2488:
2482:
2451:
2428:
2424:
2421:
2391:
2386:
2316:
2290:
2229:
2176:Chief Ministers
2175:
2169:
2160:Tapan Kumar Sen
2155:G. Ramakrishnan
2150:B. V. Raghavulu
2085:Sitaram Yechury
2075:
2069:
2064:Sitaram Yechury
2028:
2024:
2021:
1987:
1978:
1969:
1954:
1945:
1937:
1927:
1918:
1910:
1890:
1871:
1865:
1834:
1818:
1816:Further reading
1813:
1812:
1797:
1793:
1779:
1775:
1765:
1763:
1748:
1739:
1729:
1727:
1726:. 19 March 1998
1718:
1717:
1713:
1703:
1701:
1689:
1682:
1672:
1670:
1661:
1660:
1656:
1646:
1644:
1631:
1630:
1626:
1615:
1611:
1601:
1599:
1584:
1580:
1570:
1568:
1563:
1562:
1558:
1547:
1543:
1537:Dangerous Place
1534:
1530:
1520:
1518:
1516:
1500:
1496:
1486:
1484:
1482:
1466:
1462:
1452:
1450:
1448:
1432:
1428:
1418:
1416:
1406:
1402:
1392:
1390:
1388:
1372:
1368:
1354:
1352:
1348:
1317:
1311:
1307:
1297:
1295:
1291:
1280:
1274:
1273:
1269:
1252:
1248:
1227:
1223:
1213:
1211:
1203:
1202:
1198:
1188:
1186:
1183:The Independent
1174:
1170:
1160:
1158:
1147:
1146:
1142:
1132:
1130:
1122:
1121:
1117:
1112:
1100:
1082:
1070:
1064:
1052:
1028:K. R. Narayanan
973:
960:petit-bourgeois
938:Namboodiripad,
936:
928:Sino-Indian war
924:
869:Date dissolved
849:
602:
558:Sino-Indian war
493:
426:of the present
412:
376:
372:
366:
362:
284:
277:Political party
272:, Kerala, India
268:
264:
250:
238:
232:
230:
229:
228:
202:
190:
184:
179:
156:
144:
138:
133:
110:
98:
92:
87:
75:
63:
57:
52:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2910:
2900:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2707:
2706:
2704:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2687:
2685:
2681:
2680:
2678:
2677:
2675:Francis George
2672:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2657:P. T. A. Rahim
2654:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2563:
2561:
2557:
2556:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2543:
2541:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2494:
2492:
2484:
2483:
2481:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2459:
2457:
2453:
2452:
2450:
2449:
2443:
2441:
2434:
2430:
2429:
2420:
2419:
2412:
2405:
2397:
2388:
2387:
2385:
2384:
2377:
2374:Nava Telangana
2370:
2363:
2358:
2351:
2344:
2337:
2332:
2324:
2322:
2318:
2317:
2315:
2314:
2309:
2307:CPI(M) Tripura
2304:
2298:
2296:
2292:
2291:
2289:
2288:
2278:
2268:
2258:
2248:
2237:
2235:
2231:
2230:
2228:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2181:
2179:
2171:
2170:
2168:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2145:Subhashini Ali
2142:
2140:Mohammad Salim
2137:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2081:
2079:
2071:
2070:
2068:
2067:
2061:
2055:
2049:
2043:
2036:
2034:
2030:
2029:
2020:
2019:
2012:
2005:
1997:
1989:
1988:
1983:
1980:
1970:
1965:
1961:
1960:
1956:
1955:
1950:
1947:
1938:
1933:
1929:
1928:
1923:
1920:
1911:
1908:
1904:
1903:
1897:
1896:
1889:
1888:External links
1886:
1885:
1884:
1863:
1852:
1837:
1832:
1817:
1814:
1811:
1810:
1791:
1773:
1737:
1711:
1680:
1669:. 19 June 2017
1654:
1637:First Ministry
1624:
1609:
1578:
1556:
1541:
1528:
1514:
1494:
1480:
1460:
1446:
1426:
1400:
1386:
1366:
1305:
1267:
1246:
1243:on 6 May 2003.
1221:
1196:
1168:
1140:
1114:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1107:
1106:
1099:
1096:
1081:
1078:
1066:Main article:
1063:
1060:
1056:Sujith Shankar
1051:
1048:
1033:Prime Minister
981:Perinthalmanna
972:
969:
935:
932:
923:
920:
917:
916:
913:
910:
907:
902:
898:
897:
889:
886:
883:
878:
874:
873:
870:
867:
864:
861:
848:
845:
783:Education Bill
761:
760:
757:
752:
746:
745:
742:
737:
731:
730:
727:
722:
717:
711:
710:
707:
702:
696:
695:
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687:
681:
680:
677:
672:
667:
661:
660:
657:
654:
649:
644:
638:
637:
634:
631:
628:
625:
601:
598:
594:chief minister
492:
489:
411:
408:
393:Chief Minister
353:
352:
349:
348:
343:
339:
338:
334:Co-founder of
332:
328:
327:
322:
316:
315:
310:
306:
305:
302:
298:
297:
294:
290:
289:
278:
274:
273:
267:(aged 88)
261:
257:
256:
240:Perinthalmanna
226:
224:
220:
219:
215:
214:
211:
210:
205:
199:
198:
193:
187:
186:
176:
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165:
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119:
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107:
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101:
95:
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72:
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40:
37:
36:
28:
27:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2909:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
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2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
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2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
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2770:
2768:
2765:
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2760:
2758:
2755:
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2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2719:
2717:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2691:E. K. Nayanar
2689:
2688:
2686:
2682:
2676:
2673:
2671:Skaria Thomas
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2632:Thomas Chandy
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2592:Prakash Karat
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2572:E. K. Nayanar
2570:
2568:
2565:
2564:
2562:
2558:
2553:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2495:
2493:
2489:Unrecognised
2485:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2460:
2458:
2456:State Parties
2454:
2448:
2445:
2444:
2442:
2438:
2435:
2431:
2427:
2418:
2413:
2411:
2406:
2404:
2399:
2398:
2395:
2383:
2382:
2378:
2376:
2375:
2371:
2369:
2368:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2356:
2352:
2350:
2349:
2345:
2343:
2342:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2330:
2326:
2325:
2323:
2319:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2302:CPI(M) Kerala
2300:
2299:
2297:
2293:
2286:
2282:
2279:
2276:
2272:
2269:
2266:
2262:
2259:
2256:
2252:
2249:
2246:
2242:
2239:
2238:
2236:
2232:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2200:E. K. Nayanar
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2182:
2180:
2178:
2172:
2166:
2165:Nilotpal Basu
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2120:Hannan Mollah
2118:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2090:Prakash Karat
2088:
2086:
2083:
2082:
2080:
2078:
2072:
2065:
2062:
2059:
2058:Prakash Karat
2056:
2053:
2050:
2047:
2044:
2041:
2040:P. Sundarayya
2038:
2037:
2035:
2031:
2027:
2018:
2013:
2011:
2006:
2004:
1999:
1998:
1995:
1986:
1977:
1976:
1968:
1967:P. Sundarayya
1962:
1957:
1953:
1944:
1943:
1936:
1930:
1926:
1917:
1916:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1892:
1891:
1881:
1877:
1870:
1869:
1864:
1860:
1859:
1853:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1838:
1835:
1829:
1825:
1820:
1819:
1806:
1802:
1795:
1788:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1746:
1744:
1742:
1725:
1721:
1715:
1700:
1699:
1694:
1687:
1685:
1668:
1664:
1658:
1642:
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1634:
1628:
1621:
1620:
1613:
1597:
1593:
1589:
1582:
1566:
1560:
1553:
1552:
1545:
1538:
1532:
1517:
1511:
1507:
1506:
1498:
1483:
1477:
1473:
1472:
1464:
1449:
1443:
1439:
1438:
1430:
1415:
1411:
1404:
1389:
1383:
1379:
1378:
1370:
1363:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1316:
1309:
1290:
1286:
1279:
1278:
1271:
1263:
1262:
1261:Outlook India
1257:
1250:
1242:
1238:
1237:
1232:
1225:
1210:
1206:
1200:
1185:
1184:
1179:
1172:
1156:
1155:
1150:
1144:
1129:
1125:
1119:
1115:
1105:
1102:
1101:
1095:
1093:
1089:
1088:
1077:
1075:
1069:
1059:
1058:is an actor.
1057:
1047:
1045:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1029:
1026:
1021:
1019:
1015:
1009:
1007:
1006:
1001:
997:
993:
989:
982:
977:
968:
966:
961:
957:
953:
949:
945:
941:
931:
929:
914:
911:
909:6 March 1967
908:
906:
903:
900:
899:
896:
895:
890:
888:31 July 1959
887:
885:5 April 1957
884:
882:
879:
876:
875:
871:
868:
865:
862:
859:
858:
852:
844:
842:
841:People's Plan
838:
833:
831:
823:
818:
814:
812:
808:
804:
803:Indira Gandhi
800:
796:
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
772:
768:
758:
756:
753:
751:
748:
747:
743:
741:
738:
736:
733:
732:
728:
726:
723:
721:
716:
713:
712:
708:
706:
703:
701:
698:
697:
693:
691:
688:
686:
683:
682:
678:
676:
673:
671:
668:
666:
662:
658:
655:
653:
648:
645:
643:
640:
639:
635:
633:Constituency
632:
629:
626:
623:
622:
619:
618:
611:
606:
597:
595:
591:
587:
583:
579:
575:
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
534:working class
531:
526:
524:
520:
519:
514:
510:
506:
497:
488:
485:
483:
479:
475:
471:
466:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
439:
437:
433:
429:
425:
421:
417:
407:
405:
400:
398:
394:
391:
387:
383:
379:
369:
359:
350:
347:
344:
340:
337:
333:
329:
326:
323:
321:
317:
314:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
288:(before 1964)
287:
282:
279:
275:
271:
263:19 March 1998
262:
258:
254:
251:(Present day
249:
248:British India
245:
241:
225:
221:
216:
212:
209:
206:
200:
197:
196:P. Sundarayya
194:
188:
182:
177:
174:
170:
166:
163:
160:
154:
151:
148:
142:
136:
131:
128:
124:
120:
117:
114:
108:
105:
102:
96:
90:
85:
82:
79:
73:
70:
67:
61:
55:
50:
47:
42:
38:
34:
29:
22:
19:
2622:K. E. Ismail
2602:M. B. Rajesh
2566:
2379:
2372:
2365:
2360:
2353:
2346:
2341:Deshabhimani
2339:
2334:
2327:
2284:
2274:
2264:
2254:
2244:
2210:Manik Sarkar
2205:Dasarath Deb
2184:
2110:Brinda Karat
2105:Manik Sarkar
2045:
1972:
1940:
1913:
1867:
1857:
1844:
1823:
1804:
1794:
1784:
1776:
1764:. Retrieved
1760:the original
1755:
1728:. Retrieved
1723:
1714:
1702:. Retrieved
1696:
1671:. Retrieved
1666:
1657:
1645:. Retrieved
1641:the original
1636:
1627:
1618:
1612:
1600:. Retrieved
1596:the original
1591:
1581:
1569:. Retrieved
1559:
1550:
1544:
1536:
1531:
1519:. Retrieved
1504:
1497:
1485:. Retrieved
1470:
1463:
1451:. Retrieved
1436:
1429:
1417:. Retrieved
1413:
1403:
1391:. Retrieved
1376:
1369:
1360:
1355:20 September
1353:. Retrieved
1346:the original
1325:
1321:
1308:
1296:. Retrieved
1289:the original
1276:
1270:
1259:
1249:
1241:the original
1234:
1224:
1212:. Retrieved
1208:
1199:
1187:. Retrieved
1181:
1171:
1159:. Retrieved
1152:
1143:
1131:. Retrieved
1127:
1118:
1085:
1083:
1071:
1053:
1044:heart attack
1040:
1022:
1010:
1005:Deshabhimani
1003:
985:
952:K. Damodaran
937:
925:
892:
866:Date formed
850:
834:
827:
764:
616:
615:
612:, April 1957
527:
516:
502:
486:
467:
447:Irinjalakuda
445:he moved to
441:During 1921
440:
413:
401:
371:
361:
357:
356:
265:(1998-03-19)
237:13 June 1909
203:Succeeded by
180:
157:Succeeded by
134:
111:Succeeded by
103:
88:
76:Succeeded by
53:
18:
2727:1998 deaths
2722:1909 births
2487:Registered
2381:Theekkathir
2335:The Marxist
2295:State Units
2054:(1992–2005)
1673:21 February
1647:21 February
1487:18 November
1377:South India
1298:11 February
1133:21 February
791:Article 356
675:Nileshwaram
463:Valluvanadu
459:Namboothiri
420:Thuthapuzha
399:(CPI(M)).
283:(from 1964)
191:Preceded by
145:Preceded by
99:Preceded by
64:Preceded by
2716:Categories
2367:Prajasakti
2355:Ganashakti
2321:Newspapers
2190:Jyoti Basu
2130:M. A. Baby
2100:Biman Bose
1979:1978–1992
1946:1967–1969
1919:1957–1959
1730:7 November
1724:Rediff.com
1616:Schaffer,
1571:29 January
1535:Moynihan,
1110:References
948:M. P. Paul
656:Kozhikode
518:Prabhatham
482:V.J Mathai
422:River, in
410:Early life
320:Alma mater
233:1909-06-13
150:Ajoy Ghosh
2361:Lok Lahar
2066:(2015–24)
2060:(2005–15)
2048:(1978–92)
2042:(1964–78)
1935:R. Sankar
1805:The Hindu
1756:Frontline
1698:The Hindu
1667:Live Mint
1548:Godbole,
1521:30 August
1453:31 August
1419:30 August
1414:The Hindu
1393:6 January
1342:0007-4810
1236:The Hindu
1154:The Hindu
992:pneumonia
863:Ministry
767:Communist
624:Election
578:Politburo
552:(CPI) in
509:socialist
491:Socialism
416:Elamkulam
331:Known for
309:Residence
181:In office
135:In office
89:In office
54:In office
1843:(2007),
1766:30 March
1704:14 March
1602:15 March
1592:IBN Live
1214:1 August
1098:See also
1092:Sudheesh
872:Remarks
824:in 1979.
740:Pattambi
725:Pattambi
705:Pattambi
690:Pattambi
576:and the
546:founders
525:(1939).
476:and the
390:Congress
375:E. M. S.
301:Children
2560:Leaders
2491:Parties
2433:Members
1789:, p 294
1062:Writing
1014:viewing
860:Sl no.
793:of the
755:Alathur
636:Result
586:Marxist
548:of the
484:speak.
342:Website
1909:(none)
1882:, 2018
1830:
1512:
1478:
1444:
1384:
1340:
1189:20 May
1161:6 June
1050:Family
720:CPI(M)
630:Party
590:Kerala
570:Kerala
554:Kerala
540:. The
293:Spouse
2245:AIDWA
1872:(PDF)
1554:, 84.
1349:(PDF)
1318:(PDF)
1292:(PDF)
1281:(PDF)
971:Death
659:Lost
627:Year
377:'
373:'
367:'
363:'
2275:DYFI
2265:CITU
2255:AIKS
1828:ISBN
1768:2024
1732:2018
1706:2015
1675:2019
1649:2019
1622:, 67
1604:2015
1573:2017
1539:, 41
1523:2013
1510:ISBN
1489:2012
1476:ISBN
1455:2013
1442:ISBN
1421:2013
1395:2013
1382:ISBN
1357:2011
1338:ISSN
1300:2023
1216:2019
1191:2018
1163:2018
1135:2019
1023:The
950:and
781:and
773:, a
759:Won
750:1977
744:Won
735:1970
729:Won
715:1967
709:Won
700:1965
694:Won
685:1960
679:Won
670:1957
647:1952
507:, a
260:Died
223:Born
44:1st
2285:SFI
1330:doi
1000:IST
652:CPI
171:of
125:of
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