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radio stations." In other words, there were "some 57 million weekly listeners of
Internet radio programs. More people listen to online radio than to satellite radio, high-definition radio, podcasts, or cell-phone-based radio combined." An April 2008 Arbitron survey showed that, in the US, more than one in seven persons aged 25–54 years old listen to online radio each week. In 2008, 13 percent of the American population listened to the radio online, compared to 11 percent in 2007. Internet radio functionality is also built into many dedicated
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listening increased from 11 hours, 56 minutes per week in 2013 to 13 hours 19 minutes in 2014. As might be expected, usage numbers are much higher for teens and younger adults, with 75% of
Americans ages 12–24 listening to online radio in the last month, compared to 50% of Americans ages 25–54 and 21% of Americans 55+. The weekly figures for the same age groups were 64%, 37% and 13%, respectively. In 2015, it was recorded that 53% of Americans, or 143 million people, ages 12 and up currently listen to internet radio.
44:
360:. In March 1994, an unofficial automated rebroadcast of Irish radio news was setup as the RTE To Everywhere Project, allowing Irish people across the world daily access to radio news from home until it was rendered obsolete in 1998. In November 1994, a Rolling Stones concert was the "first major cyberspace multicast concert." Mick Jagger opened the concert by saying, "I want to say a special welcome to everyone that's, uh, climbed into the Internet tonight and, uh, has got into the
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556:, representing supporters of the increase in royalty rates, pointed out that the rates were flat from 1998 through 2005 (see above), without being increased to reflect cost-of-living increases. They also declared that if Internet radio is to build businesses from the product of recordings, the performers and owners of those recordings should receive fair compensation.
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be able to afford the new rates, many smaller
Internet radio stations will have to shut down." The Digital Media Association (DiMA) said that even large companies, like Yahoo! Music, might fail due to the proposed rates. Some observers said that some U.S.-based Internet broadcasts might be moved to foreign jurisdictions where US royalties do not apply.
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royalties
Internet radio stations had to pay out. The Copyright Royalty Board initially wanted internet radio stations to pay out 100% royalties to the musicians whose songs were played compared to the 15% that satellite radio stations had to pay. This disagreement was temporarily postponed when the webmaster act of 2008 and 2009 was passed.
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among them, could pay reduced royalties to labels. On
January 31, 2016, webcasters who are governed by rules adopted by the Copyright Royalty Board were required to pay to SoundExchange an annual, nonrefundable minimum fee of $ 500 for each channel and station, the fee for services with greater than
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A rancorous dispute ensued over how performance royalties should be assessed for
Internet broadcasters. Some observers said that royalty rates that were being proposed were overly burdensome and intended to disadvantage independent Internet-only stations—that "while Internet giants like AOL may
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In the fourth quarter (Q4) of 2012, Pandora, TuneIn Radio, iHeart Radio, and other subscription-based and free
Internet radio services accounted for nearly one quarter (23 percent) of the average weekly music listening time among consumers between the ages of 13 and 35, an increase from a share of 17
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article reported that although
Pandora was "one of the nation's most popular Web radio services, with about 1 million listeners daily...the burgeoning company may be on the verge of collapse" due to the structuring of performance royalty payment for webcasters. "Traditional radio, by contrast, pays
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Many of these critics organized SaveNetRadio.org, "a coalition of listeners, artists, labels and webcasters" that opposed the proposed royalty rates. To focus attention on the consequences of the impending rate hike, many US Internet broadcasters participated in a "Day of
Silence" on June 26, 2007.
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became the first commercial radio station in Canada to stream 24/7 over the internet. In March 1996, Virgin Radio – London became the first
European radio station to broadcast its full program live on the Internet. It broadcast its FM signal, live from the source, simultaneously on the Internet 24
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Internet radio also provided new opportunities to mix music with advocacy messages. In February 1999, Zero24-7 Web Radio was launched. It was the first Internet radio station to be crowdsourced and programmed by professional broadcasters and crowdfunded by a unique partnership of people, charities
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As of 2014, 47% of all Americans ages 12 and older—an estimated 124 million people—said they have listened to online radio in the last month, while 36% (94 million people) have listened in the last week. These figures are up from 45% and 33%, respectively, in 2013. The average amount of time spent
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As Internet-radio listening rose among the 13-to-35 age group, listening to AM/FM radio, which now accounts for 24 percent of music-listening time, declined 2 percentage points. In the 36-and-older age group, by contrast, Internet radio accounted for just 13 percent of music listening, while AM/FM
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SoundExchange has also offered alternative rates and terms to certain eligible small webcasters, that allow them to calculate their royalties as a percentage of their revenue or expenses, instead of at a per performance rate. To be eligible, a webcaster had to have revenues of less than US$ 1.25
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magazine said that RealAudio took "advantage of the latest advances in digital compression" and delivered "AM radio-quality sound in so-called real time." Eventually, companies such as Nullsoft and Microsoft released streaming audio players as free downloads. As the software audio players became
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in the UK. For example, Ofcom has very strict rules about presenters endorsing products and product placement; being an Internet radio station they are free of this constraint. One of the large controversies regarding internet radio revolved around a dispute between regulators over the amount of
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In 2003, revenue from online streaming music radio was US$ 49 million. By 2006, that figure rose to US$ 500 million. A February 21, 2007 "survey of 3,000 Americans released by consultancy Bridge Ratings & Research" found that "s much as 19% of U.S. consumers 12 and older listen to Web-based
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set a record at the time for the largest jump in price in stock offerings in the United States. The offering price was US$ 18 and the company's shares opened at US$ 68 on the first day of trading. The company was losing money at the time and indicated in a prospectus filed with the Securities
563:. While the CRB decision imposed a $ 500 per station or channel minimum fee for all webcasters, certain webcasters represented through DiMA negotiated a $ 50,000 "cap" on those fees with SoundExchange. However, DiMA and SoundExchange continue to negotiate over the per song, per listener fees.
421:
In 1995, Scott Bourne founded NetRadio.com as the world's first Internet-only radio network. NetRadio.com was a pioneer in Internet radio. It was the first Internet-only network to be licensed by ASCAP. NetRadio eventually went on to an IPO in October 1999. Most of the current Internet radio
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passed "a bill that would put into effect any changes to the royalty rate to which agree while lawmakers are out of session." Although royalty rates are expected to decrease, many webcasters nevertheless predict difficulties generating sufficient revenue to cover their royalty payments.
472:, began netcasting from Sydney, Australia, from Australia's first Internet radio station, NetFM (www.netfm.net). In 1999, Australian telco "Telstra" launched The Basement Internet Radio Station but it was later shut down in 2003 as it was not a viable business for the company.
151:
Internet radio services are usually accessible from anywhere in the world with a suitable internet connection available; one could, for example, listen to an Australian station from Europe and America. This has made internet radio particularly suited to and popular among
101:, presenting listeners with a continuous stream of audio that typically cannot be paused or replayed, much like traditional broadcast media; in this respect, it is distinct from on-demand file serving. Internet radio is also distinct from
475:
From 2000 onwards, most Internet radio stations increased their stream quality as bandwidth became more economical. Today, most stations stream between 64 kbit/s and 128 kbit/s providing near CD quality audio. As of 2017 the
93:
Internet radio is generally used to communicate and easily spread messages through the form of talk. It is distributed through a wireless communication network connected to a switch packet network (the internet) via a disclosed source.
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USA) started streaming on the same day using their own custom software called CyberRadio1. However, unlike WXYC, this was WREK's beta launch and the stream was not advertised until a later date.
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no such fee. Satellite radio pays a fee but at a less onerous rate, at least by some measures." The article indicated that "other Web radio outfits" may be "doomed" for the same reasons.
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Internet radio is also suited to listeners with special interests, allowing users to pick from a multitude of different stations and genres less commonly represented on traditional radio.
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since it is not transmitted broadly through wireless means. It can either be used as a stand-alone device running through the Internet, or as a software running through a single computer.
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million a year and stream less than 5 million "listener hours" a month (or an average of 6830 concurrent listeners). These restrictions would disqualify independent webcasters like
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in 1997, was broadcast in three formats – live on the radio, live from a RealAudio server and streamed from the web over HTTP. In 1998, the longest running internet radio show,
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and Internet radio broadcasts in addition to publishing royalties. In contrast, traditional radio broadcasters pay only publishing royalties and no performance royalties.
123:
The first Internet radio service was launched in 1993. As of 2017, the most popular Internet radio platforms and applications in the world include (but are not limited to)
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747:, Kiraly, Jozsef, "Method and system for implementing an internet radio device for receiving and/or transmitting media information", published June 19, 2001
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356:", which was the "first computer-radio talk show, each week interviewing a computer expert". The first Internet concert was broadcast on June 24, 1993, by the band
378:, USA) became the first traditional radio station to announce broadcasting on the Internet. WXYC used an FM radio connected to a system at SunSite, later known as
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In January 2009, the US Copyright Royalty Board announced that "it will apply royalties to streaming net services based on revenue." Since then, websites like
995:"Weekly online radio audience increases from 11 percent to 13 percent of Americans in last year, according to the latest Arbitron/Edison media research study"
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On May 1, 2007, SoundExchange came to an agreement with certain large webcasters regarding the minimum fees that were modified by the determination of the
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Exchange Commission that they expected the losses to continue indefinitely. Yahoo! purchased Broadcast.com on July 20, 1999, for US$ 5.7 billion.
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and businesses. Out of Washington DC, the station mixed progressive music and green messages. It was created by BBC and WHFS veteran
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Internet radio attracted significant media and investor attention in the late 1990s. In 1998, the initial public stock offering for
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120:, although low start-up and ongoing costs have allowed a substantial proliferation of independent Internet-only radio stations.
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The Webcaster Settlement Act of 2009 expired in January 2016, ending a 10-year period in which smaller online radio stations,
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With the advent of streaming RealAudio over HTTP, streaming became more accessible to a number of radio shows. One such show,
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Internet radio services offer news, sports, talk, and various genres of music—every format that is available on traditional
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stations. Many Internet radio services are associated with a corresponding traditional (terrestrial) radio station or
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766:, Cerf, Vinton & Huddle, Scott, "Internet radio communication system", published July 9, 2002
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McKerrell, Kashfia KabirContributions from Harry; Walker, Ainsley; updated, Ruben Circelli last (October 5, 2022).
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providers followed the path that NetRadio.com carved out in digital media. In mid December 1995, Vancouver-based
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app. In recent years, dedicated devices that resemble and offer the listener a similar experience to a traditional
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A local tuner simulation program includes all the online radios that can also be heard in the air in the city.
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section: "Severe Tire Damage was the first live band on the Internet. On June 24, 1993"), John Wiley, 1996,
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On that day, they shut off their audio streams or streamed ambient sound, sometimes interspersed with brief
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or similar device, through an embedded player program located on the respective station's website or on a
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in the United Kingdom, restrict listening to in-country due to music licensing and advertising issues.
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1409:"Connecting the Dots: Navigating the Laws and Licensing Requirements of the Internet Music Revolution"
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voiced, written and produced by popular voiceover artist Dave Solomon. Notable participants included
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267:). Audio data is continuously transmitted serially (streamed) over the local network or internet in
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Sanghoon, Jun (Spring 2013). "SmartRadio: Cloning Internet Radio Broadcasting Stations".
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278:, then reassembled at the receiver and played a second or two later. The delay is called
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software. WXYC had begun test broadcasts and bandwidth testing as early as August 1994.
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SoundExchange Announces 24 Agreements – But Not One a Settlement With Small Webcasters
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1056:"Monthly Online Radio Listeners Now Exceed Half The Population 12+ – Edison Research"
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celebrated 20 years on air in 2017 as the longest-running Canadian internet station.
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2184:"Copyright Equality: Free Speech, Efficiency, and Regulatory Parity in Distribution"
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Royalty hike could mute Internet radio: Smaller stations say rise will be too much
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1441:"Net.radio, AudioNet & ASCAP sign licensing agreement. – Free Online Library"
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Streaming Music is Gaining on Traditional Radio Among Younger Music Listeners
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499:(DMCA), one result of which is that performance royalties are to be paid for
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Digital audio broadcasting: principles and applications of DAB, DAB+ and DMB
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847:: 2701–2709 – via School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University.
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947:. It's hybrid because analog and digital signals are broadcast together.
487:, was streaming approximately 8,000 radio stations to a global audience.
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2295:"Digital Music Broadcast Royalties: The Case for a Level Playing Field"
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1471:"First live RealAudio streaming of commercial radio in Canada – INSINC"
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Copyright Board begrudgingly adopts revenue-based streaming royalties
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327:, use Internet radio as a platform as opposed to other means such as
282:, and is introduced at several stages of digital audio broadcasting.
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176:(except for news/talk and sports stations) in the United States, and
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2258:"Internet Radio: The Case for a Technology Neutral Royalty Standard"
1712:"Internet Radio: The Case for a Technology Neutral Royalty Standard"
1114:"Internet Radio: The Case for a Technology Neutral Royalty Standard"
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1693:"Radio Garden – Radio in the age of globalisation and digitisation"
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technology is used to distribute Internet radio, typically using a
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1970:"SoundExchange Offers Discounted Music Rates To Small Webcasters"
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860:"Best internet radios 2023: modern radios with streaming smarts"
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SoundExchange extends (not very good) offer to small webcasters
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available, "many Web-based radio stations began springing up."
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license is not required to operate an Internet radio service.
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Even If Royalties for Web Radio Fall, Revenue Remains Elusive
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Post by Russ on Last.fm Forum – Day of Silence, June 25, 2007
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Official SaveNetRadio PSAs & Day Of Silence Network Audio
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1414:. IDEA: The Intellectual Property Law Review. Archived from
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WXYC's groundbreaking internet simulcast is now 10 years old
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1647:"Why Are So Many Internet Radio Stations Still on the Air?"
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439:) launched in Saskatoon, Canada. The internet-only station
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radio dominated listening methods with a 41 percent share.
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Internet radio is typically listened to on a standard home
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have changed the way people discover and listen to music.
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1588:"Broadcast.com Faces Risks After Strong Initial Offering"
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86:. Broadcasting on the Internet is usually referred to as
1775:"Stagnant royalty rates may bring end to Internet radio"
1747:"Digital Dilemma: Will new royalty fees kill Web radio?"
1664:
National Film & Sound Archive (September 20, 2010).
841:
International Information Institute (Tokyo). Information
1854:"Lawmakers propose reversal of Net radio fee increases"
1617:. Yahoo! Media Relations. July 20, 1999. Archived from
546:, which had just been purchased for US$ 280 million by
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1524:. European Broadcasting Union (EBU). October 26, 2005
1402:
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1668:. National Film & Sound Archive. Archived from
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959:"The Infinite Dial 2008: Radio's Digital Platforms"
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2230:Web Radio: Radio Production for Internet Streaming
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618:100 stations or channels being $ 50,000 annually.
303:, which give an FM like receiver user experience.
156:listeners. Nevertheless, some major networks like
27:Digital audio service transmitted via the Internet
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3013:Multichannel Video and Data Distribution Service
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1902:CBS Acquires Europe’s Last.FM for $ 280 million
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1564:"TV, radio, Internet sing same Earth Day theme"
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1031:"Half Of U.S. Listeners Tune Into Online Radio"
542:Some broadcasters did not participate, such as
1345:"KJHK turns 30 years as the Sound Alternative"
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1181:"Cable company is set to plug into Internet".
968:. Arbitron and Edison Research. Archived from
883:
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3047:Multichannel multipoint distribution service
2780:Wireless video and data distribution methods
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1615:"Yahoo! Completes Broadcast.com Acquisition"
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930:, March 7, 2007. Retrieved on March 7, 2007.
495:In October 1998, the US Congress passed the
146:
4833:Global telecommunications regulation bodies
1936:
939:The "HD" in "HD radio" actually stands for
884:Hoeg, Wolfgang; Lauterbach, Thomas (2009).
405:90.7 FM, a campus radio station located in
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1939:"Webcasters and SoundExchange Shake Hands"
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1229:Savetz, K., Randall, N., and Lepage, Y., "
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485:Netherlands Institute for Sound and Vision
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2080:. BetaNews.com. Retrieved March 14, 2010.
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490:
2076:Scott M. Fulton, III (January 29, 2009)
2037:Giant Of Internet Nears Its 'Last Stand'
1845:
838:
364:. And I hope it doesn't all collapse."
318:
190:
42:
2048:
1851:
1690:
1231:MBONE: Multicasting Tomorrow's Internet
1005:
957:Joe Lensky; Bill Rose (June 24, 2008).
913:
14:
4897:
3832:
3624:
2920:Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service
743:
659:Comparison of streaming media software
3806:
3756:
3606:
3434:
3130:
3092:
3041:Local multipoint distribution service
2753:
2323:
2144:
1309:Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 89.3 FM.
4879:
3019:Multipoint Video Distribution System
2209:
2015:David Oxenford (September 19, 2007)
1812:Web radio may stream north to Canada
2145:Kelly, Caitlin (November 1, 2020).
2057:Miller, Cain Claire (Oct.27, 2008)
1968:Mark Hefflinger (August 22, 2007).
1773:Carlos Militante (April 26, 2007).
1710:Stockment, Andrew (December 2009).
1666:"National Film & Sound Archive"
1519:"An Introduction to Internet Radio"
1495:. One Golden Square. Archived from
1268:Peter H. Lewis (February 8, 1995).
877:
782:Fries, Bruce; Fries, Marty (2005).
706:, experimental "multicast backbone"
669:Internet radio audience measurement
24:
2181:
2175:
2035:Peter Whoriskey (August 16, 2008)
1270:"Peering Out a 'Real Time' Window"
235:. Streaming audio formats include
25:
4931:
3131:
2120:"commercial webcaster 2016 rates"
1832:Gray, Hiawatha (March 14, 2007).
1779:Spartan Daily (San Jose State U.)
1493:"A brief history of Virgin Radio"
1491:Adam Bowie (September 26, 2008).
1329:. August 22, 2006. Archived from
812:
4878:
4868:
4859:
4858:
4847:
4468:Free-space optical communication
2964:Mobile broadband wireless access
2456:BitTorrent television and movies
2349:
1852:Broache, Anne (April 26, 2007).
928:The Last Days of Internet Radio?
642:
628:
497:Digital Millennium Copyright Act
348:Internet radio was pioneered by
2712:Director of network programming
2302:Issues in Technology Innovation
2138:
2112:
2083:
2070:
2029:
2009:
1992:
1961:
1937:Olga Kharif (August 23, 2007).
1930:
1910:
1894:
1876:
1810:Michael Geist (April 9, 2007).
1745:Michael Roberts (May 2, 2002).
1703:
1691:Visnjic, Filip (July 9, 2017).
1556:
1536:
1511:
1484:
1463:
1433:
1407:Richard D. Rose (May 8, 2002).
1337:
1312:
1289:
1247:
1223:
1174:
1144:
1074:
1048:
1023:
933:
699:List of streaming media systems
694:List of Internet radio stations
2414:Digital terrestrial television
1998:Rusty Hodge, (August 1, 2007)
1916:Russ Garrett (June 25, 2007).
1586:Saul Hansell (July 20, 1998).
1204:Randy Alfred (June 24, 2009).
999:Arbitron & Edison Research
904:
851:
832:
806:
775:
756:
737:
13:
1:
3002:Educational Broadband Service
2687:Television news screen layout
2100:. Wilkinson Barker Knauer LLP
1900:Duncan Riley (May 30, 2007).
1697:Creative Applications Network
1373:Josh Quittner (May 1, 1995).
1255:"RTE to Everywhere Home Page"
731:
431:hours a day. On May 1, 1997,
352:. In 1993, Malamud launched "
293:
285:
4854:Telecommunication portal
4635:Telecommunications equipment
3435:
2654:Broadcast television systems
2560:Children's television series
2212:"VOA: First on the Internet"
2191:Boston University Law Review
2091:"2016 Broadcasters Calendar"
1320:"We got here first. Sort of"
513:public service announcements
483:, a research project of the
220:
217:have arrived on the market.
186:
82:service transmitted via the
7:
4371:Alexander Stepanovich Popov
3778:Free software audio players
3670:Windows Media Player Legacy
3543:Windows Media Player (2022)
2556:Children's interest channel
2045:. Retrieved March 14, 2010.
2006:. Retrieved March 14, 2010.
1907:. Retrieved March 14, 2010.
1760:. Retrieved March 14, 2010.
1654:. Retrieved March 14, 2010.
1001:. Red Orbit. April 9, 2008.
788:. O'Reilly Media. pp.
621:
586:On September 30, 2008, the
376:Chapel Hill, North Carolina
307:percent the previous year.
10:
4936:
4075:Telecommunications history
2996:Advanced Wireless Services
2928:Digital Video Broadcasting
2256:Stockment, Andrew (2009).
1927:. Retrieved June 24, 2012.
1301:February 13, 2007, at the
1112:Stockment, Andrew (2009).
343:
29:
4842:
4784:
4721:
4683:Public Switched Telephone
4643:
4607:
4564:
4505:
4495:telecommunication circuit
4456:Fiber-optic communication
4439:
4201:Francis Blake (telephone)
4148:
3996:Optical telecommunication
3840:
3763:
3757:
3752:
3701:
3678:
3620:
3602:
3551:
3499:Microsoft Movies & TV
3447:
3443:
3430:
3382:
3293:
3284:
3236:
3180:
3171:
3143:
3139:
3126:
3056:
3033:
2895:
2877:Satellite Internet access
2864:
2816:
2785:
2662:Digital on-screen graphic
2634:
2575:Movie television channels
2551:Adult television channels
2539:
2465:
2357:
2293:Villasenor, John (2012).
2226:Priestman, Chris (2001).
1752:October 27, 2010, at the
1082:"Radio Sponsorship Rules"
147:Internet radio technology
4594:Orbital angular-momentum
4031:Satellite communications
3870:Communications satellite
3788:Personal video recorders
3711:Core Pocket Media Player
2626:Women's interest channel
966:Digital Radio Study 2008
785:Digital Audio Essentials
684:Internet radio licensing
97:Internet radio involves
47:An Internet radio studio
30:Not to be confused with
4473:Molecular communication
4296:Gardiner Greene Hubbard
4125:Undersea telegraph line
3860:Cable protection system
2490:Multichannel television
2480:Commercial broadcasting
2451:Peer-to-peer television
1375:"Radio Free Cyberspace"
1183:The Wall Street Journal
561:Copyright Royalty Board
323:Some stations, such as
200:Internet radio receiver
109:rather than streaming.
4615:Communication protocol
4401:Charles Sumner Tainter
4216:Walter Houser Brattain
4161:Edwin Howard Armstrong
3969:Information revolution
3783:Portable media players
2839:Terrestrial television
2570:Men's interest channel
2526:Religious broadcasting
2022:June 30, 2008, at the
1923:April 1, 2015, at the
1544:"Power to the pirates"
1445:www.thefreelibrary.com
1333:on September 27, 2007.
588:United States Congress
491:US royalty controversy
301:Internet radio devices
202:
137:over-the-air broadcast
135:. In the U.S., unlike
48:
4920:Internet broadcasting
4589:Polarization-division
4321:Narinder Singh Kapany
4286:Erna Schneider Hoover
4206:Jagadish Chandra Bose
4186:Alexander Graham Bell
3917:online video platform
3120:Media player software
2856:Visual sensor network
2147:"Listen to the Globe"
2026:. Broadcast Law Blog.
1980:on September 29, 2007
1152:"Internet Talk Radio"
1098:on December 22, 2017.
890:. Wiley. p. 26.
815:"Listen to the Globe"
679:Internet radio device
401:On December 3, 1994,
367:On November 7, 1994,
319:Broadcasting freedoms
194:
46:
4431:Vladimir K. Zworykin
4391:Almon Brown Strowger
4361:Charles Grafton Page
4016:Prepaid mobile phone
3944:Electrical telegraph
3153:Media Player Classic
2851:Satellite television
2719:Outside broadcasting
2210:Kern, Chris (2006).
1974:DigitalMediaWire.com
1672:on November 25, 2010
1385:on September 4, 2009
411:University of Kansas
382:, running Cornell's
174:Citadel Broadcasting
4381:Johann Philipp Reis
4140:Wireless revolution
4102:The Telephone Cases
3959:Hydraulic telegraph
3649:JRiver Media Center
3354:Music Player Daemon
2909:Long Term Evolution
2887:Wireless local loop
2829:Internet television
2621:Sports broadcasting
2565:Documentary channel
2521:Public broadcasting
2428:Internet television
2280:on December 6, 2014
2262:Virginia Law Review
2042:The Washington Post
1949:on October 16, 2007
1864:on January 19, 2013
1789:on February 9, 2008
1783:The Daily Collegian
1722:on December 6, 2014
1716:Virginia Law Review
1552:. February 9, 1999.
1549:The Washington Post
1499:on December 2, 2008
1305:November 12, 2004.
1185:. August 24, 1993.
1118:Virginia Law Review
1062:. February 26, 2015
710:Radio music ripping
689:Internet talk radio
578:An August 16, 2008
354:Internet Talk Radio
249:Windows Media Audio
4579:Frequency-division
4556:Telephone exchange
4426:Charles Wheatstone
4356:Jun-ichi Nishizawa
4331:Innocenzo Manzetti
4266:Reginald Fessenden
4001:Optical telegraphy
3834:Telecommunications
3661:TotalMedia Theatre
3522:InterActual Player
2882:Wireless broadband
2824:Amateur television
2803:Radio broadcasting
2734:Television licence
2702:Broadcast designer
2151:The New York Times
2064:The New York Times
1645:, (July 17, 2002)
1593:The New York Times
1451:on October 6, 2017
1275:The New York Times
1206:"This day in Tech"
819:The New York Times
573:Digitally Imported
533:Digitally Imported
358:Severe Tire Damage
203:
49:
4892:
4891:
4630:Store and forward
4625:Data transmission
4539:Network switching
4490:Transmission line
4336:Guglielmo Marconi
4301:Internet pioneers
4166:Mohamed M. Atalla
4135:Whistled language
3800:
3799:
3796:
3795:
3748:
3747:
3744:
3743:
3598:
3597:
3594:
3593:
3426:
3425:
3422:
3421:
3418:
3417:
3280:
3279:
3086:
3085:
2834:Mobile television
2747:
2746:
2739:Television studio
2707:Broadcast license
2694:Network affiliate
2677:On-screen display
2644:Broadcast network
2614:Livestreamed news
2604:Business channels
2599:News broadcasting
2516:Pirate television
2507:News broadcasting
2387:Mobile television
2241:978-0-240-51635-6
2124:soundexchange.com
1572:. April 14, 2000.
1421:on March 26, 2012
1162:on April 26, 2010
1035:www.mediapost.com
897:978-0-470-51037-7
441:purerockradio.net
105:, which involves
16:(Redirected from
4927:
4882:
4881:
4872:
4871:
4862:
4861:
4852:
4851:
4850:
4723:Notable networks
4713:Wireless network
4653:Cellular network
4645:Types of network
4620:Computer network
4507:Network topology
4421:Thomas A. Watson
4276:Oliver Heaviside
4261:Philo Farnsworth
4236:Daniel Davis Jr.
4211:Charles Bourseul
4171:John Logie Baird
3880:Data compression
3875:Computer network
3827:
3820:
3813:
3804:
3803:
3754:
3753:
3622:
3621:
3604:
3603:
3504:Microsoft Photos
3462:Dell MediaDirect
3445:
3444:
3432:
3431:
3291:
3290:
3203:Music on Console
3178:
3177:
3141:
3140:
3128:
3127:
3113:
3106:
3099:
3090:
3089:
2872:Mobile broadband
2774:
2767:
2760:
2751:
2750:
2594:Shopping channel
2584:Music television
2344:
2337:
2330:
2321:
2320:
2316:
2314:
2312:
2299:
2289:
2287:
2285:
2276:. Archived from
2268:(8): 2129–2179.
2252:
2250:
2248:
2233:
2222:
2220:
2218:
2206:
2204:
2202:
2188:
2170:
2169:
2167:
2165:
2142:
2136:
2135:
2133:
2131:
2116:
2110:
2109:
2107:
2105:
2095:
2087:
2081:
2074:
2068:
2055:
2046:
2033:
2027:
2013:
2007:
1996:
1990:
1989:
1987:
1985:
1976:. Archived from
1965:
1959:
1958:
1956:
1954:
1945:. Archived from
1943:BusinessWeek.com
1934:
1928:
1914:
1908:
1898:
1892:
1888:The Toronto Star
1880:
1874:
1873:
1871:
1869:
1860:. Archived from
1849:
1843:
1839:The Boston Globe
1830:
1821:
1817:The Toronto Star
1808:
1799:
1798:
1796:
1794:
1785:. Archived from
1770:
1761:
1743:
1732:
1731:
1729:
1727:
1718:. Archived from
1707:
1701:
1700:
1688:
1682:
1681:
1679:
1677:
1661:
1655:
1640:
1631:
1630:
1628:
1626:
1611:
1605:
1604:
1602:
1600:
1583:
1574:
1573:
1560:
1554:
1553:
1540:
1534:
1533:
1531:
1529:
1523:
1515:
1509:
1508:
1506:
1504:
1488:
1482:
1481:
1479:
1477:
1467:
1461:
1460:
1458:
1456:
1447:. Archived from
1437:
1431:
1430:
1428:
1426:
1420:
1413:
1404:
1395:
1394:
1392:
1390:
1381:. Archived from
1370:
1364:
1363:
1361:
1359:
1354:on March 3, 2006
1353:
1347:. Archived from
1341:
1335:
1334:
1327:Atlanta, 91.1 FM
1316:
1310:
1293:
1287:
1286:
1284:
1282:
1265:
1259:
1258:
1251:
1245:
1227:
1221:
1220:
1218:
1216:
1201:
1195:
1194:
1178:
1172:
1171:
1169:
1167:
1158:. Archived from
1156:museum.media.org
1148:
1142:
1141:
1124:(8): 2129–2179.
1109:
1100:
1099:
1097:
1091:. Archived from
1089:www.ofcom.org.uk
1086:
1078:
1072:
1071:
1069:
1067:
1052:
1046:
1045:
1043:
1041:
1027:
1021:
1012:
1003:
1002:
991:
985:
984:
982:
980:
975:on July 14, 2009
974:
963:
954:
948:
937:
931:
924:
911:
908:
902:
901:
881:
875:
874:
872:
870:
855:
849:
848:
836:
830:
829:
827:
825:
813:Kelly, Caitlin.
810:
804:
803:
779:
773:
772:
771:
767:
760:
754:
753:
752:
748:
741:
652:
647:
646:
645:
638:
633:
632:
470:The Vinyl Lounge
407:Lawrence, Kansas
325:Primordial Radio
54:, also known as
21:
4935:
4934:
4930:
4929:
4928:
4926:
4925:
4924:
4895:
4894:
4893:
4888:
4848:
4846:
4838:
4780:
4717:
4639:
4603:
4560:
4509:
4501:
4442:
4435:
4341:Robert Metcalfe
4196:Tim Berners-Lee
4144:
3964:Information Age
3836:
3831:
3801:
3792:
3759:
3740:
3697:
3674:
3616:
3590:
3547:
3439:
3414:
3378:
3276:
3249:Ogle DVD Player
3232:
3167:
3135:
3122:
3117:
3087:
3082:
3072:
3052:
3029:
2891:
2860:
2812:
2808:Satellite radio
2781:
2778:
2748:
2743:
2636:
2630:
2542:
2535:
2485:Community radio
2467:
2461:
2441:Streaming media
2353:
2348:
2310:
2308:
2297:
2283:
2281:
2246:
2244:
2242:
2234:. Focal Press.
2216:
2214:
2200:
2198:
2186:
2182:DiCola, Peter.
2178:
2176:Further reading
2173:
2163:
2161:
2143:
2139:
2129:
2127:
2126:. soundexchange
2118:
2117:
2113:
2103:
2101:
2093:
2089:
2088:
2084:
2075:
2071:
2056:
2049:
2034:
2030:
2024:Wayback Machine
2014:
2010:
1997:
1993:
1983:
1981:
1966:
1962:
1952:
1950:
1935:
1931:
1925:Wayback Machine
1915:
1911:
1899:
1895:
1881:
1877:
1867:
1865:
1850:
1846:
1831:
1824:
1809:
1802:
1792:
1790:
1771:
1764:
1754:Wayback Machine
1744:
1735:
1725:
1723:
1708:
1704:
1689:
1685:
1675:
1673:
1662:
1658:
1641:
1634:
1624:
1622:
1621:on June 9, 2007
1613:
1612:
1608:
1598:
1596:
1584:
1577:
1562:
1561:
1557:
1542:
1541:
1537:
1527:
1525:
1521:
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1516:
1512:
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1469:
1468:
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1454:
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1439:
1438:
1434:
1424:
1422:
1418:
1411:
1405:
1398:
1388:
1386:
1371:
1367:
1357:
1355:
1351:
1343:
1342:
1338:
1318:
1317:
1313:
1303:Wayback Machine
1294:
1290:
1280:
1278:
1266:
1262:
1253:
1252:
1248:
1228:
1224:
1214:
1212:
1202:
1198:
1180:
1179:
1175:
1165:
1163:
1150:
1149:
1145:
1110:
1103:
1095:
1084:
1080:
1079:
1075:
1065:
1063:
1060:Edison Research
1054:
1053:
1049:
1039:
1037:
1029:
1028:
1024:
1013:
1006:
993:
992:
988:
978:
976:
972:
961:
955:
951:
945:high-definition
938:
934:
925:
914:
909:
905:
898:
882:
878:
868:
866:
856:
852:
837:
833:
823:
821:
811:
807:
800:
780:
776:
769:
761:
757:
750:
742:
738:
734:
729:
648:
643:
641:
636:Internet portal
634:
627:
624:
580:Washington Post
548:CBS Music Group
501:satellite radio
493:
437:Pure Rock Radio
346:
321:
296:
288:
223:
189:
149:
114:broadcast radio
99:streaming media
68:streaming radio
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4933:
4923:
4922:
4917:
4912:
4907:
4905:Internet radio
4890:
4889:
4887:
4886:
4876:
4866:
4856:
4843:
4840:
4839:
4837:
4836:
4829:
4824:
4819:
4814:
4809:
4808:
4807:
4802:
4794:
4788:
4786:
4782:
4781:
4779:
4778:
4773:
4768:
4763:
4758:
4753:
4748:
4743:
4738:
4733:
4727:
4725:
4719:
4718:
4716:
4715:
4710:
4705:
4700:
4695:
4690:
4685:
4680:
4675:
4670:
4665:
4660:
4655:
4649:
4647:
4641:
4640:
4638:
4637:
4632:
4627:
4622:
4617:
4611:
4609:
4605:
4604:
4602:
4601:
4596:
4591:
4586:
4581:
4576:
4574:Space-division
4570:
4568:
4562:
4561:
4559:
4558:
4553:
4552:
4551:
4546:
4536:
4535:
4534:
4524:
4519:
4513:
4511:
4503:
4502:
4500:
4499:
4498:
4497:
4487:
4486:
4485:
4475:
4470:
4465:
4464:
4463:
4453:
4447:
4445:
4437:
4436:
4434:
4433:
4428:
4423:
4418:
4413:
4411:Camille Tissot
4408:
4403:
4398:
4393:
4388:
4386:Claude Shannon
4383:
4378:
4376:Tivadar Puskás
4373:
4368:
4363:
4358:
4353:
4348:
4346:Antonio Meucci
4343:
4338:
4333:
4328:
4323:
4318:
4316:Charles K. Kao
4313:
4308:
4303:
4298:
4293:
4291:Harold Hopkins
4288:
4283:
4278:
4273:
4268:
4263:
4258:
4253:
4248:
4243:
4238:
4233:
4228:
4223:
4218:
4213:
4208:
4203:
4198:
4193:
4191:Emile Berliner
4188:
4183:
4178:
4173:
4168:
4163:
4158:
4152:
4150:
4146:
4145:
4143:
4142:
4137:
4132:
4130:Videotelephony
4127:
4122:
4121:
4120:
4115:
4105:
4098:
4093:
4087:
4082:
4077:
4072:
4067:
4066:
4065:
4060:
4055:
4045:
4044:
4043:
4033:
4028:
4026:Radiotelephone
4023:
4018:
4013:
4008:
4003:
3998:
3993:
3992:
3991:
3981:
3976:
3971:
3966:
3961:
3956:
3951:
3946:
3941:
3936:
3931:
3930:
3929:
3924:
3919:
3914:
3912:Internet video
3904:
3903:
3902:
3897:
3892:
3887:
3877:
3872:
3867:
3862:
3857:
3852:
3846:
3844:
3838:
3837:
3830:
3829:
3822:
3815:
3807:
3798:
3797:
3794:
3793:
3791:
3790:
3785:
3780:
3775:
3770:
3764:
3761:
3760:
3750:
3749:
3746:
3745:
3742:
3741:
3739:
3738:
3733:
3728:
3723:
3721:Music (Xperia)
3718:
3713:
3707:
3705:
3699:
3698:
3696:
3695:
3690:
3684:
3682:
3676:
3675:
3673:
3672:
3667:
3662:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3641:
3639:Connect Player
3636:
3630:
3628:
3618:
3617:
3600:
3599:
3596:
3595:
3592:
3591:
3589:
3588:
3583:
3578:
3573:
3568:
3563:
3557:
3555:
3553:Cross-platform
3549:
3548:
3546:
3545:
3540:
3535:
3534:(discontinued)
3529:
3524:
3519:
3514:
3509:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3495:(discontinued)
3490:
3485:
3480:
3475:
3474:(discontinued)
3469:
3464:
3459:
3453:
3451:
3441:
3440:
3428:
3427:
3424:
3423:
3420:
3419:
3416:
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3397:
3392:
3386:
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3380:
3379:
3377:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3297:
3295:
3288:
3286:Cross-platform
3282:
3281:
3278:
3277:
3275:
3274:
3269:
3264:
3259:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3240:
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3200:
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3016:
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2999:
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2846:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2820:
2818:
2814:
2813:
2811:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2798:Internet radio
2795:
2789:
2787:
2783:
2782:
2777:
2776:
2769:
2762:
2754:
2745:
2744:
2742:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2715:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2696:
2691:
2690:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2656:
2651:
2649:Broadcast-safe
2646:
2640:
2638:
2632:
2631:
2629:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2617:
2616:
2611:
2609:Public affairs
2606:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2553:
2547:
2545:
2537:
2536:
2534:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2509:
2504:
2503:
2502:
2497:
2495:Pay television
2487:
2482:
2477:
2471:
2469:
2463:
2462:
2460:
2459:
2453:
2448:
2446:Web television
2443:
2438:
2425:
2424:
2423:
2418:
2417:
2416:
2406:
2401:
2391:
2390:
2389:
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2324:
2318:
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2290:
2253:
2240:
2223:
2207:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2171:
2137:
2111:
2082:
2069:
2047:
2028:
2008:
1991:
1960:
1929:
1909:
1893:
1875:
1844:
1822:
1800:
1762:
1733:
1702:
1683:
1656:
1632:
1606:
1575:
1555:
1535:
1510:
1483:
1462:
1432:
1396:
1365:
1336:
1311:
1288:
1260:
1246:
1235:Musical Events
1222:
1196:
1173:
1143:
1101:
1073:
1047:
1022:
1004:
986:
949:
941:hybrid digital
932:
912:
903:
896:
876:
850:
831:
805:
798:
774:
755:
735:
733:
730:
728:
727:
722:
717:
712:
707:
701:
696:
691:
686:
681:
676:
671:
666:
661:
655:
654:
653:
639:
623:
620:
492:
489:
465:TechEdge Radio
426:radio station
345:
342:
320:
317:
295:
292:
287:
284:
222:
219:
215:radio receiver
188:
185:
148:
145:
52:Internet radio
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4932:
4921:
4918:
4916:
4913:
4911:
4910:Media formats
4908:
4906:
4903:
4902:
4900:
4885:
4877:
4875:
4867:
4865:
4857:
4855:
4845:
4844:
4841:
4834:
4830:
4828:
4825:
4823:
4820:
4818:
4815:
4813:
4810:
4806:
4803:
4801:
4798:
4797:
4795:
4793:
4790:
4789:
4787:
4783:
4777:
4774:
4772:
4769:
4767:
4764:
4762:
4759:
4757:
4754:
4752:
4749:
4747:
4744:
4742:
4739:
4737:
4734:
4732:
4729:
4728:
4726:
4724:
4720:
4714:
4711:
4709:
4706:
4704:
4701:
4699:
4696:
4694:
4691:
4689:
4686:
4684:
4681:
4679:
4676:
4674:
4671:
4669:
4666:
4664:
4661:
4659:
4656:
4654:
4651:
4650:
4648:
4646:
4642:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4628:
4626:
4623:
4621:
4618:
4616:
4613:
4612:
4610:
4606:
4600:
4599:Code-division
4597:
4595:
4592:
4590:
4587:
4585:
4584:Time-division
4582:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4572:
4571:
4569:
4567:
4563:
4557:
4554:
4550:
4547:
4545:
4542:
4541:
4540:
4537:
4533:
4530:
4529:
4528:
4525:
4523:
4520:
4518:
4515:
4514:
4512:
4510:and switching
4508:
4504:
4496:
4493:
4492:
4491:
4488:
4484:
4481:
4480:
4479:
4476:
4474:
4471:
4469:
4466:
4462:
4461:optical fiber
4459:
4458:
4457:
4454:
4452:
4451:Coaxial cable
4449:
4448:
4446:
4444:
4438:
4432:
4429:
4427:
4424:
4422:
4419:
4417:
4414:
4412:
4409:
4407:
4404:
4402:
4399:
4397:
4394:
4392:
4389:
4387:
4384:
4382:
4379:
4377:
4374:
4372:
4369:
4367:
4366:Radia Perlman
4364:
4362:
4359:
4357:
4354:
4352:
4349:
4347:
4344:
4342:
4339:
4337:
4334:
4332:
4329:
4327:
4324:
4322:
4319:
4317:
4314:
4312:
4309:
4307:
4304:
4302:
4299:
4297:
4294:
4292:
4289:
4287:
4284:
4282:
4279:
4277:
4274:
4272:
4269:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4259:
4257:
4256:Lee de Forest
4254:
4252:
4251:Thomas Edison
4249:
4247:
4244:
4242:
4241:Donald Davies
4239:
4237:
4234:
4232:
4229:
4227:
4226:Claude Chappe
4224:
4222:
4219:
4217:
4214:
4212:
4209:
4207:
4204:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4184:
4182:
4179:
4177:
4174:
4172:
4169:
4167:
4164:
4162:
4159:
4157:
4154:
4153:
4151:
4147:
4141:
4138:
4136:
4133:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4123:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4111:
4110:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4103:
4099:
4097:
4094:
4091:
4088:
4086:
4083:
4081:
4078:
4076:
4073:
4071:
4070:Smoke signals
4068:
4064:
4061:
4059:
4056:
4054:
4051:
4050:
4049:
4048:Semiconductor
4046:
4042:
4039:
4038:
4037:
4034:
4032:
4029:
4027:
4024:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4004:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3994:
3990:
3987:
3986:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3910:
3909:
3908:
3907:Digital media
3905:
3901:
3898:
3896:
3893:
3891:
3888:
3886:
3883:
3882:
3881:
3878:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3847:
3845:
3843:
3839:
3835:
3828:
3823:
3821:
3816:
3814:
3809:
3808:
3805:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3773:Audio players
3771:
3769:
3768:Video players
3766:
3765:
3762:
3755:
3751:
3737:
3734:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3719:
3717:
3714:
3712:
3709:
3708:
3706:
3704:
3700:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3685:
3683:
3681:
3677:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3631:
3629:
3627:
3623:
3619:
3614:
3610:
3605:
3601:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3558:
3556:
3554:
3550:
3544:
3541:
3539:
3536:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3454:
3452:
3450:
3446:
3442:
3438:
3433:
3429:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3387:
3385:
3381:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3349:
3345:
3341:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3298:
3296:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3283:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3241:
3239:
3235:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
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3216:
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3211:
3209:
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3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3185:
3183:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3170:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3150:
3148:
3146:
3142:
3138:
3134:
3133:Free software
3129:
3125:
3121:
3114:
3109:
3107:
3102:
3100:
3095:
3094:
3091:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3067:
3065:
3062:
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3059:
3055:
3048:
3045:
3042:
3039:
3038:
3036:
3032:
3026:
3023:
3020:
3017:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3003:
3000:
2997:
2994:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2974:
2970:
2969:IEEE 802.15.3
2967:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2946:
2943:
2940:
2937:
2934:
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2930:
2929:
2926:
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2913:
2910:
2907:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2900:
2898:
2894:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2869:
2867:
2863:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2845:
2842:
2841:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2821:
2819:
2815:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2793:Digital radio
2791:
2790:
2788:
2784:
2775:
2770:
2768:
2763:
2761:
2756:
2755:
2752:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2699:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2659:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2641:
2639:
2633:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2601:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2566:
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2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2548:
2546:
2544:
2538:
2532:
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2522:
2519:
2517:
2513:
2510:
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2501:
2498:
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2478:
2476:
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2447:
2444:
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2415:
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2411:
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2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2396:
2395:
2392:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2367:Radio program
2365:
2364:
2363:
2362:
2360:
2356:
2352:
2345:
2340:
2338:
2333:
2331:
2326:
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2307:
2303:
2296:
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2259:
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2237:
2232:
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2224:
2213:
2208:
2196:
2192:
2185:
2180:
2179:
2160:
2156:
2152:
2148:
2141:
2125:
2121:
2115:
2099:
2092:
2086:
2079:
2073:
2066:
2065:
2060:
2054:
2052:
2044:
2043:
2038:
2032:
2025:
2021:
2018:
2012:
2005:
2001:
1995:
1979:
1975:
1971:
1964:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1933:
1926:
1922:
1919:
1913:
1906:
1903:
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1879:
1863:
1859:
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1721:
1717:
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1706:
1698:
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1687:
1671:
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1660:
1653:
1652:
1651:Linux Journal
1648:
1644:
1639:
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606:and recently
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598:, AccuRadio,
597:
596:Pandora Radio
592:
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581:
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554:SoundExchange
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456:Broadcast.com
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166:Pandora Radio
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118:radio network
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80:digital audio
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32:Digital radio
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4566:Multiplexing
4441:Transmission
4406:Nikola Tesla
4396:Henry Sutton
4351:Samuel Morse
4281:Robert Hooke
4246:Amos Dolbear
4181:John Bardeen
4100:
4080:Telautograph
3984:Mobile phone
3939:Edholm's law
3922:social media
3855:Broadcasting
3472:Groove Music
3223:GNOME Videos
3064:Broadcasting
3034:Technologies
3025:Wireless USB
2959:Mobile WiMAX
2915:5G New Radio
2797:
2698:Occupations
2589:Quiz channel
2512:Pirate radio
2500:Pay-per-view
2475:Campus radio
2466:Broadcasting
2431:
2351:Broadcasting
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1947:the original
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1720:the original
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1676:February 27,
1674:. Retrieved
1670:the original
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1619:the original
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1599:November 23,
1597:. Retrieved
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1416:the original
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1349:the original
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1160:the original
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863:
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650:Radio portal
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608:Google Music
593:
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481:Radio Garden
474:
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433:Radio306.com
420:
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350:Carl Malamud
347:
322:
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158:TuneIn Radio
150:
125:TuneIn Radio
122:
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56:Online radio
55:
51:
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4766:NPL network
4478:Radio waves
4416:Alfred Vail
4326:Hedy Lamarr
4311:Dawon Kahng
4271:Elisha Gray
4231:Yogen Dalal
4156:Nasir Ahmed
4090:Teleprinter
3954:Heliographs
3716:doubleTwist
3613:proprietary
3561:DivX Player
3488:MediaMonkey
3158:MediaPortal
2933:Terrestrial
2672:News ticker
2667:Lower third
2637:and funding
2580:Music radio
2130:February 1,
2104:February 1,
1625:January 10,
1281:February 9,
1066:October 28,
910:Hoeg, p 43.
233:audio codec
170:iHeartRadio
129:iHeartRadio
107:downloading
4899:Categories
4812:Antarctica
4771:Toasternet
4693:Television
4176:Paul Baran
4108:Television
4092:(teletype)
4085:Telegraphy
4063:transistor
4041:Phryctoria
4011:Photophone
3989:Smartphone
3979:Mass media
3731:RealPlayer
3688:DVD Player
3644:DVD Player
3609:Commercial
3586:RealPlayer
3566:foobar2000
3467:GOM Player
3410:Clementine
3369:Quod Libet
3262:Guayadeque
2729:Press pool
2635:Production
2531:Talk radio
2098:wbklaw.com
1984:August 24,
1953:August 24,
1905:Techcrunch
1726:October 6,
1643:Doc Searls
1455:October 5,
1233:" (in the
1040:October 5,
764:US 6418138
745:US 6249810
732:References
664:E-commerce
478:mobile app
449:Mark Daley
390:(91.1 FM,
294:Popularity
286:Simulation
241:Ogg Vorbis
211:smartphone
154:expatriate
139:radio, an
103:podcasting
88:webcasting
36:Podcasting
4915:Streaming
4796:Americas
4785:Locations
4756:Internet2
4517:Bandwidth
4221:Vint Cerf
4118:streaming
4096:Telephone
4036:Semaphore
3927:streaming
3726:Musicolet
3634:CD Player
3581:QuickTime
3532:QuickTime
3527:PotPlayer
3517:MusikCube
3359:MusikCube
3306:Audacious
3218:Rhythmbox
3078:Microwave
2945:Satellite
2896:Standards
2724:Press box
2682:Score bug
2658:Graphics
2541:Specialty
2421:Satellite
2382:Satellite
2311:March 17,
2284:March 17,
2247:April 19,
2217:April 19,
2201:March 17,
2159:0362-4331
1868:March 14,
1858:CNet News
1793:March 14,
1503:March 30,
1358:March 26,
1352:(English)
1215:April 11,
1191:398478408
1130:0042-6601
1019:NPD Group
979:March 15,
725:Simulcast
720:Radiobeta
569:AccuRadio
537:SHOUTcast
409:, at the
253:RealAudio
226:Streaming
221:Streaming
195:An early
187:Listening
178:Chrysalis
133:Sirius XM
64:net radio
60:web radio
4864:Category
4751:Internet
4741:CYCLADES
4658:Ethernet
4608:Concepts
4532:terminal
4483:wireless
4306:Bob Kahn
4149:Pioneers
3974:Internet
3865:Cable TV
3654:PowerDVD
3512:MusicBee
3493:Media Go
3483:KMPlayer
3478:jetAudio
3437:Freeware
3400:Songbird
3383:inactive
3348:SMPlayer
3311:DeaDBeeF
3267:Baudline
3237:inactive
3198:Kaffeine
2953:IEEE 802
2947:(DVB-S2)
2939:Handheld
2543:channels
2394:Teletext
2274:27759978
2020:Archived
1921:Archived
1758:Westword
1750:Archived
1528:July 26,
1425:March 5,
1389:March 5,
1299:Archived
1187:ProQuest
1138:27759978
864:whathifi
824:July 31,
622:See also
517:Rhapsody
384:CU-SeeMe
245:Ogg Opus
197:Kerbango
84:Internet
76:IP radio
4884:Commons
4874:Outline
4827:Oceania
4746:FidoNet
4731:ARPANET
4544:circuit
4113:digital
3842:History
3659:ArcSoft
3626:Windows
3508:Mod4Win
3449:Windows
3390:Banshee
3336:MPlayer
3163:Mpxplay
3145:Windows
3057:Related
3015:(MVDDS)
2955:family
2941:(DVB-H)
2935:(DVB-T)
2905:family
2844:Digital
2436:Webcast
2409:Digital
2377:Digital
2164:May 12,
1476:May 25,
1166:May 30,
1017:by The
615:Live365
604:8tracks
544:Last.fm
529:Pandora
521:Live365
392:Atlanta
380:Ibiblio
344:History
276:packets
265:aacPlus
78:, is a
72:e-radio
18:E-Radio
4822:Europe
4792:Africa
4776:Usenet
4736:BITNET
4673:Mobile
4549:packet
4058:MOSFET
4053:device
3850:Beacon
3736:Winamp
3703:Mobile
3665:WinDVD
3571:iTunes
3538:Winamp
3331:Mpg123
3321:ffplay
3316:Exaile
3301:Amarok
3294:active
3213:Parole
3181:active
3049:(MMDS)
3043:(LMDS)
3021:(MVDS)
3008:HomeRF
2922:(MBMS)
2399:Analog
2358:Medium
2272:
2238:
2157:
2004:SomaFM
1241:
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943:, not
894:
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674:TuneIn
371:(89.3
362:M-bone
261:HE-AAC
162:Audacy
131:, and
4805:South
4800:North
4761:JANET
4698:Telex
4688:Radio
4527:Nodes
4522:Links
4443:media
4021:Radio
4006:Pager
3934:Drums
3900:video
3895:image
3885:audio
3758:Lists
3680:macOS
3272:Helix
3258:XMMS2
3244:Muine
3208:Noise
3173:Linux
3004:(EBS)
2998:(AWS)
2984:WiMAX
2979:Wi-Fi
2911:(LTE)
2817:Video
2786:Radio
2468:niche
2432:radio
2404:Cable
2372:Cable
2298:(PDF)
2270:JSTOR
2187:(PDF)
2094:(PDF)
1522:(PDF)
1419:(PDF)
1412:(PDF)
1210:Wired
1134:JSTOR
1096:(PDF)
1085:(PDF)
973:(PDF)
962:(PDF)
790:98–99
704:Mbone
435:(now
337:Ofcom
230:lossy
4817:Asia
4703:UUCP
4663:ISDN
3693:Peel
3576:Plex
3457:AIMP
3405:Zinf
3395:Miro
3364:qmmp
3344:IINA
3326:Kodi
3254:XMMS
3228:Xine
3188:cmus
3073:band
2989:WRAN
2903:3GPP
2865:Data
2430:and
2313:2015
2286:2015
2249:2023
2236:ISBN
2219:2023
2203:2015
2166:2023
2155:ISSN
2132:2016
2106:2016
1986:2007
1955:2007
1870:2010
1795:2010
1728:2013
1678:2011
1627:2009
1601:2008
1530:2016
1505:2009
1478:2022
1457:2017
1427:2009
1391:2009
1379:Time
1360:2007
1325:WREK
1307:WXYC
1283:2009
1239:ISBN
1217:2013
1168:2010
1126:ISSN
1068:2017
1042:2017
981:2010
892:ISBN
871:2023
826:2024
794:ISBN
535:and
428:CKNW
415:Time
403:KJHK
388:WREK
369:WXYC
263:(or
259:and
172:and
74:and
4708:WAN
4678:NGN
4668:LAN
3949:Fax
3890:DCT
3374:VLC
3340:mpv
3193:JuK
2973:UWB
2197:(6)
1569:CNN
600:Mog
525:MTV
333:DAB
331:or
280:lag
273:UDP
271:or
269:TCP
257:AAC
237:MP3
141:FCC
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