321:
394:
32:
976:
425:. Political parties in Netherlands considered Indonesia dissolving the United States of Indonesia in 1950 into the original Republic of Indonesia as a pretense to not negotiate further on status of New Guinea which was promised to be completed in 1950, voiding the Round Table Agreement, according to the Indonesian side. In response, Indonesia nationalized Dutch companies and assets, and stopped paying the above-mentioned debt. By around 1956, the remaining (not-recognized) debt of Indonesia was around
118:
131:
368:
in 1942. In particular the
Indonesian delegations were indignant at having to cover what it saw as the costs of Dutch military action against it. Finally, thanks to the intervention of the United States member of the UN Commission on Indonesia, the Indonesian side came to realise that agreeing to pay
376:
The issue of the inclusion or not of
Western New Guinea almost resulted in the talks becoming deadlocked. The Indonesian delegations took the view that Indonesia should comprise the entire territory of Dutch East Indies. The Dutch refused to compromise, claiming Western New Guinea had no ethnic ties
404:
The Dutch parliament debated the agreement, and the upper and lower houses ratified it on 21 December 1949 by the two-thirds majority needed. Despite criticism in particular of the
Indonesian assumption of Dutch government debt and the unresolved status of Western New Guinea, the Indonesian
380:
Finally, in the early hours of 1 November 1949, a compromise was reached: the status of
Western New Guinea would be determined through negotiations between the United States of Indonesia and the Netherlands within a year of the transfer of sovereignty. The conference was officially closed in the
340:
The Dutch–Indonesian Union would not have any powers: it would be a consultative body with a permanent secretariat, a court of arbitration to settle any legal disputes, and a minimum of two ministerial conferences every year. It would be headed by the Dutch Queen in an entirely symbolic role.
413:
The
Kingdom of the Netherlands unconditionally and irrevocably transfers complete sovereignty over Indonesia to the Republic of the United States of Indonesia, and thus recognises the Republic of the United States of Indonesia as an independent and sovereign
336:
delegations reached agreement resulting in a number of documents, namely a
Charter of Transfer of Sovereignty—to come into immediate effect—a statute of union, a draft constitution, an economic agreement and agreements on social and military affairs.
296:
on 6 July 1949. To ensure commonality of negotiating position between the republic and the federal delegates, from 31 July until 2 August, Inter-Indonesian
Conferences were in Yogyakarta between all component authorities of the future
377:
with the rest of the archipelago. Despite Dutch public opinion supporting transfer of
Western New Guinea to Indonesia, the Dutch cabinet was worried it would not be able to ratify the Round Table Agreement in parliament if it conceded this point.
437:
in 1962, Indonesia restarted payment of around ƒ.620 million. By 1965, 36 installments of unknown amounts had been made. The remainder was paid from 1976 in 30 installments with 1% annual interest rate until the last payment was made in 2002.
363:
colonial administration were protracted, with each side presenting their own calculations and arguing over whether the United States of
Indonesia should be responsible for debts incurred by the Dutch after the
441:
Some journalists characterize the aftermath of the Dutch–Indonesian Round Table
Conference as 'the price of independence,' suggesting that the Indonesian government was purchasing its sovereignty.
369:
part of the Dutch debt would be the price they would have to pay for the transfer of sovereignty. On 24 October, the Indonesian delegations agreed that Indonesia would take over approximately
274:
against republican forces in Indonesia and demanding the restoration of the republican government. It also urged the resumption of negotiations to find a peaceful settlement between the two sides.
417:
The Republic of the United States of Indonesia accepts this sovereignty based on the provisions of its Constitution; the Kingdom of the Netherlands has been notified of this proposed constitution.
227:, viewed the Indonesian leadership as Japanese collaborators, and wanted to regain control of their colony. The conflict between the Dutch and Indonesian nationalists developed into a full-scale
348:
status to the Netherlands. In addition, there would be no discrimination against Dutch nationals or companies and the republic agreed to take over trade agreements negotiated by the
927:
826:
Hasil-Hasil Konperensi Medja Bundar sebagaimana diterima pada Persidangan Umum yang kedua Terlangsung Tangal 2 Nopember 1949 di Ridderzaal di Kota 'S-Gravenhage
344:
The delegations also reached agreement on the withdrawal of Dutch troops "within the shortest possible time," and for the United States of Indonesia to grant
1309:
1289:
308:
Following preliminary discussions sponsored by the UN Commission for Indonesia in Jakarta, it was decided the Round Table Conference would be held in
719:
393:
320:
457:
The debt included unpaid salaries of Netherlands Indies government personnel, including colonial administrators and military personnel of the
1005:
267:
31:
1304:
960:
920:
365:
224:
234:
By mid-1946, both sides were under international pressure to negotiate. The Dutch favoured a federal Indonesian state, and organised the
1274:
1133:
1299:
965:
913:
409:, ratified the agreement on 14 December. Sovereignty was transferred to the United States of Indonesia on 27 December.
329:
1279:
220:
859:
469:
in the Netherlands as the Dutch government refused to pay these arrears because it reasoned that they were owed by Indonesia.
406:
828:(Results of the Round Table Conference as Accepted at the Plenary Session on 2 November 1949 at the Ridderzaal in the Hague)
352:. However the two major areas of disagreement were over the debts of the Dutch colonial administration and the status of
1259:
1165:
1046:
745:
458:
1170:
880:
814:
1284:
1036:
263:
187:
Prior to this conference, three other high-level meetings between the Netherlands and Indonesia took place; the
1056:
936:
771:
228:
1015:
955:
333:
278:
196:
181:
110:
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302:
37:
465:, dating from their internment in Japanese concentration camps during the Second World War. This became a
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1143:
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259:
204:
173:
123:
975:
1264:
802:
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422:
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53:
891:
292:
The Indonesian government, in exile for over six months, returned to the temporary capital at
995:
835:
243:
188:
177:
328:
Negotiations, which took place from 23 August to 2 November 1949, were assisted by the
289:—would participate in the Round Table Conference to accelerate the transfer of sovereignty.
1193:
345:
8:
1128:
1123:
1000:
692:
159:
1208:
1175:
1098:
1093:
1088:
1078:
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868:
434:
353:
192:
1198:
1148:
1113:
990:
950:
876:
855:
810:
360:
349:
235:
746:"Nederland en Herstelbetalingen (The Netherlands and reparations [COLUMN])"
184:, representing various states the Dutch had created in the Indonesian archipelago.
1153:
1103:
1083:
1066:
905:
720:"Dutch Memorial Day: Maintaining colonial innocence by excluding people of color"
462:
1203:
1138:
1061:
847:
271:
151:
41:
400:
signing the treaty that transferred sovereignty to Indonesia, 27 December 1949
1253:
1228:
1160:
1108:
579:
430:
426:
370:
286:
282:
281:
of 6 July, which effectively endorsed the Security Council resolution,
1213:
285:
said that the Republic of Indonesia—whose leaders were still in exile on
1238:
382:
293:
309:
169:
136:
79:
246:, in which the Netherlands agreed to recognize republican rule over
1218:
301:. The delegates agreed on the basic principles and outline for the
258:, and that republic would become a constituent state of a federal
172:
from 23 August to 2 November 1949, between representatives of the
1223:
1073:
251:
216:
1233:
889:
585:
255:
324:
Final session of the Round Table Conference on 2 November 1949
429:
600 million. This means that in the period of 1950-1956
223:
from Japan. The Dutch, who had been expelled in 1942 by the
44:
can be seen signing the resulting agreement, 2 November 1949
632:
630:
433:
3.8 billion had already been paid. After the conflict
247:
900:]. Staatsdrukkerij- en Uitgeverijbedrijf. p. 228.
483:
421:
The unresolved status of Western New Guinea would lead to
359:
Negotiations over the internal and external debts of the
242:. In November, the Dutch and Indonesian sides reached an
238:
in July 1946, which led to the establishment of the
627:
603:
893:
Indonesië in de Veiligheidsraad van de Verenigde Naties
776:
Historia - Majalah Sejarah Populer Pertama di Indonesia
567:
373:
4.5 billion of Dutch East Indies government debt.
671:
669:
642:
495:
693:"De Indonesische injectie (The Indonesian Injection)"
531:
519:
654:
591:
830:(in Indonesian), Djakarta: G. Kolff & Co., 1949
666:
615:
555:
935:
543:
507:
807:Twenty Years Indonesian Foreign Policy: 1945–1965
215:On 17 August 1945, Indonesian nationalist leader
16:1949 Dutch recognition of Indonesian independence
1251:
898:Indonesia in the United Nations Security Council
163:
36:Closing session of the Round Table Conference,
873:Indonesian Independence and the United Nations
1006:United Nations Security Council Resolution 27
921:
842:. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press.
156:Nederlands-Indonesische rondetafelconferentie
1310:International conferences in the Netherlands
961:Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies
366:Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies
225:Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies
852:A History of Modern Indonesia Since c. 1200
928:
914:
875:. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press.
686:
684:
30:
1290:Diplomatic conferences in the Netherlands
890:United Nations Security Council (1950).
846:
717:
501:
489:
392:
319:
1021:Dutch–Indonesian Round Table Conference
840:Nationalism and Revolution in Indonesia
690:
681:
332:. The Dutch, Republic of Indonesia and
330:United Nations Commission for Indonesia
199:of 1949. The conference ended with the
148:Dutch–Indonesian Round Table Conference
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867:
909:
834:
823:
801:
743:
675:
660:
648:
636:
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561:
549:
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525:
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407:Central Indonesian National Committee
854:(4th ed.), Palgrave MacMillan,
586:United Nations Security Council 1950
772:"Harga untuk Kemerdekaan Indonesia"
691:Giebels, Lambert (5 January 2000).
270:, calling for an end to the recent
13:
1166:Yogyakarta and Surakarta Offensive
1047:Royal Netherlands East Indies Army
718:Toebosch, Annemarie (3 May 2019).
14:
1321:
1171:General Offensive of 1 March 1949
778:(in Indonesian). 29 December 2020
1037:Indonesian National Armed Forces
974:
129:
116:
1305:Indonesia–Netherlands relations
1275:1949 in international relations
764:
737:
711:
451:
315:
264:United Nations Security Council
262:. On 28 January 1949, the
1300:Indonesian National Revolution
1057:Kalimantan Physical Revolution
937:Indonesian National Revolution
229:Indonesian National Revolution
1:
1280:1949 in the Dutch East Indies
956:Indonesian National Awakening
476:
334:Federal Consultative Assembly
210:
182:Federal Consultative Assembly
111:Federal Consultative Assembly
966:Proclamation of Independence
388:
303:Federal Constitution of 1949
7:
744:Marhé, Usha (2 July 2014).
10:
1326:
794:
299:United States of Indonesia
260:United States of Indonesia
205:United States of Indonesia
174:Kingdom of the Netherlands
124:Kingdom of the Netherlands
1260:20th century in The Hague
1186:
1029:
1016:Roem–Van Roijen Agreement
983:
972:
943:
803:Agung, Ide Anak Agung Gde
383:Dutch parliament building
279:Roem–Van Roijen Agreement
197:Roem–Van Roijen Agreement
104:
86:
75:
67:
59:
49:
29:
444:
272:Dutch military offensive
244:agreement at Linggadjati
1285:1949 in the Netherlands
1134:South Sulawesi campaign
1119:East Sumatra revolution
240:State of East Indonesia
221:Indonesian independence
1042:Royal Netherlands Army
836:Kahin, George McTurnan
401:
325:
201:cession of sovereignty
165:Konferensi Meja Bundar
164:
155:
92:; 74 years ago
54:Cession of sovereignty
24:Round Table Conference
996:Linggadjati Agreement
396:
323:
189:Linggadjati Agreement
178:Republic of Indonesia
137:Republic of Indonesia
90:27 December 1949
1194:Abdul Haris Nasution
1144:Dutch police actions
385:on 2 November.
346:most favoured nation
1295:Events in The Hague
1129:Battle of Margarana
1124:Bandung Sea of Fire
1001:Denpasar Conference
869:Taylor, Alastair M.
809:. Mouton & Co.
724:theconversation.com
639:, pp. 443–444.
612:, pp. 439–443.
576:, pp. 435–436.
492:, pp. 341–344.
463:Gouvernementsmarine
423:the 12-year dispute
26:
1209:Raymond Westerling
1176:Siege of Surakarta
1099:Battle of Surabaya
1094:Battle of Ambarawa
1089:Battle of Semarang
1079:Battle of Kotabaru
1011:Renville Agreement
984:Diplomatic efforts
402:
354:Western New Guinea
326:
268:Resolution 67
193:Renville Agreement
21:
1270:1949 in Indonesia
1247:
1246:
1199:Hubertus van Mook
1149:Operation Product
1114:Lengkong incident
991:Malino Conference
951:Dutch East Indies
861:978-0-230-54686-8
651:, pp. 69–70.
540:, pp. 66–67.
528:, pp. 64–65.
405:legislature, the
361:Dutch East Indies
350:Dutch East Indies
236:Malino Conference
195:of 1948, and the
144:
143:
22:Dutch–Indonesian
1317:
1265:1949 conferences
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1154:Operation Kraai
1104:Kolaka incident
1084:Battle of Medan
1067:Battle of Kumai
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71:2 November 1949
45:
38:Sultan Hamid II
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1204:Mohammad Hatta
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1139:3 March affair
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1069:
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1062:Dayak Desa War
1054:
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1030:Armed conflict
1027:
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848:Ricklefs, M.C.
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736:
710:
680:
665:
663:, p. 710.
653:
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600:, p. 437.
590:
588:, p. 228.
578:
566:
564:, p. 433.
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504:, p. 358.
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277:Following the
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168:) was held in
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63:23 August 1949
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47:
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42:Mohammad Hatta
35:
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2:
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1229:Sutan Sjahrir
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1161:Madiun Affair
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1109:Cumbok affair
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882:0-837-18005-8
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816:979-8139-06-2
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751:
750:waterkant.net
747:
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698:
697:www.groene.nl
694:
687:
685:
678:, p. 15.
677:
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662:
657:
650:
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638:
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631:
624:, p. 67.
623:
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570:
563:
558:
552:, p. 70.
551:
546:
539:
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527:
522:
516:, p. 60.
515:
510:
503:
502:Ricklefs 2008
498:
491:
490:Ricklefs 2008
486:
482:
468:
467:cause celèbre
464:
460:
454:
450:
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439:
436:
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398:Queen Juliana
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287:Bangka Island
284:
283:Mohammad Roem
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780:. Retrieved
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754:. Retrieved
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727:. Retrieved
723:
713:
701:. Retrieved
696:
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605:
593:
581:
569:
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521:
509:
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485:
466:
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440:
435:was resolved
420:
403:
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343:
339:
327:
316:Negotiations
307:
291:
276:
233:
214:
186:
147:
145:
18:
1214:Simon Spoor
1187:Key figures
1052:Darul Islam
782:29 November
105:Signatories
1254:Categories
1239:Tan Malaka
752:(in Dutch)
699:(in Dutch)
676:Kolff 1949
661:Agung 1973
649:Agung 1973
637:Kahin 1961
622:Agung 1973
610:Kahin 1961
598:Kahin 1961
574:Kahin 1961
562:Kahin 1961
550:Agung 1973
538:Agung 1973
526:Agung 1973
514:Agung 1973
477:References
294:Yogyakarta
211:Background
160:Indonesian
97:1949-12-27
850:(2008) ,
838:(1961) .
389:Aftermath
310:The Hague
219:declared
191:of 1947,
170:The Hague
87:Effective
80:The Hague
1219:Sudirman
871:(1960).
805:(1973).
461:and the
180:and the
76:Location
1224:Sukarno
1074:Bersiap
944:Prelude
795:Sources
756:10 June
729:9 April
703:10 June
459:K.N.I.L
414:Nation.
266:passed
252:Sumatra
217:Sukarno
203:to the
95: (
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877:ISBN
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