379:" that leave linear "racetrack" imprints as they slowly move across the surface without human or animal intervention. These rocks have been recently filmed in motion by the Scripps Institution of Oceanography at UC San Diego and are due to a perfect coincidence of events. First, the playa has to fill with water, which must be deep enough to form floating ice during winter, but still shallow enough that the rocks are exposed. When the temperature drops at night, this pond freezes into thin sheets of "windowpane" ice, which then must be thick enough to maintain strength, but thin enough to move freely. Finally, when the sun comes out, the ice melts and cracks into floating panels; these are blown across the playa by light winds, propelling the rocks in front of them. The stones only move once every two or three years and most tracks last for three or four years.
289:
609:
138:
692:
307:
407:
665:
625:
651:
492:
27:
321:
lake. Salts originally dissolved in the water precipitate out and are left behind, gradually building up over time. A dry lake appears as a flat bed of clay, generally encrusted with precipitated salts. These evaporite minerals are a concentration of weathering products such as sodium carbonate, borax, and other salts. In deserts, a dry lake may be found in an area ringed by
320:
A dry lake is formed when water from rain or other sources, like intersection with a water table, flows into a dry depression in the landscape, creating a pond or lake. If the total annual evaporation rate exceeds the total annual inflow, the depression will eventually become dry again, forming a dry
446:
was found in 2006. Although a large predatory species, it evaded detection because of the murkiness of the playa's water caused by winds and a fine clay load. This shrimp species is able to regenerate using tiny undetectable cysts that can remain in a dry lake bed for years until conditions are
596:
Fangfang Yao et al (2023), at the
University of Virginia reported that more than half of the world's large lakes are drying up. They assessed almost 2,000 large lakes using satellite measurements combined with climate and hydrological models. They found that unsustainable human use, changes in
355:
Many dry lakes contain shallow water during the rainy season, especially during wet years. If the layer of water is thin and is moved around the dry lake bed by wind, an exceedingly hard and smooth surface may develop. Thicker layers of water may result in a "cracked-mud" surface and
979:
A temporary lake created in the lowest elevation of a basin in an arid area that has no surface drain into another water body, such as a perennial stream or river. Lake water is removed either by evaporation into the air or seepage into the
513:, as the smoothness of the surface allows low-clearance vehicles to travel very fast without any risk of disruption by surface irregularities, and the path traveled has no obstacles to avoid. The dry lake beds at
85:
that formerly contained a standing surface water body, which disappears when evaporation processes exceed recharge. If the floor of a dry lake is covered by deposits of alkaline compounds, it is known as an
483:, also poses a significant threat to playas and their associated rare species, as it capable of crowding out native vegetation and draining a playa's standing water because of its root growth.
924:
537:
have also been used for various land speed record attempts. Dry lake beds that rarely fill with water are sometimes used as locations for air bases for similar reasons. Examples include
608:
509:
The extremely flat, smooth, and hard surfaces of dry lake beds make them ideal for fast motor vehicles and motorcycles. Large-sized dry lakes are excellent spots for pursuing
632:
418:
597:
rainfall and run-off, sedimentation, and rising temperatures have driven lake levels down globally, with 53% of lakes showing a decline from 1992 to 2020.
1069:
451:
412:
624:
906:
931:
169:) literally means "beach". Dry lakes are known by this name in some parts of Mexico and the western United States. This term is used e.g. on the
1146:
442:
there are a number of rare species that occur nowhere else but in the inhospitable environment of seasonally flooded playas. A new species of
992:
Yao, Fangfang; Livneh, Ben; Rajagopalan, Balaji; Wang, Jida; Crétaux, Jean-François; Wada, Yoshihide; Berge-Nguyen, Muriel (2023-05-19).
650:
956:
761:
1139:
332:
to arid regions of the world. The largest concentration of dry lakes (nearly 22,000) is in the southern High Plains of
664:
957:"CRS Report for Congress: Agriculture: A Glossary of Terms, Programs, and Laws, 2005 Edition - Order Code 97-905"
846:
1772:
1132:
575:
288:
174:
130:
is the dry terminus of an internally drained basin in a dry climate, a designation typically used in the
1767:
1265:
615:
462:
Far from major rivers or lakes, playas are often the only water available to wildlife in the desert.
20:
789:"Sliding Rocks on Racetrack Playa, Death Valley National Park: First Observation of Rocks in Motion"
1762:
772:
372:
469:
Threats to dry lakes include pollution from concentrated animal feeding operations such as cattle
749:
306:
137:
787:
Norris, Richard D.; Norris, James M.; Lorenz, Ralph D.; Ray, Jib; Jackson, Brian (2014-08-27).
546:
538:
1097:
Briere, Peter R. (May 2002). "Playa, playa lake, sabkha: Proposed definitions for old terms".
1168:
900:
564:
514:
410:
Playa in southwest Idaho, home to a number of rare species that occur nowhere else including
473:
and dairies. Results are erosion; fertilizer, pesticide and sediment runoff from farms; and
1735:
1571:
1005:
800:
705:
387:
While a dry lake bed is itself typically devoid of vegetation, they are commonly ringed by
82:
8:
1757:
1460:
1293:
875:"A New Giant Species of Predatory Fairy Shrimp from Idaho, USA (Branchiopoda: Anostraca)"
1009:
963:
804:
1047:
823:
788:
495:
443:
406:
352:, the largest salt flat in the world, comprises 4,085 square miles (10,582 square km).
322:
110:
92:
993:
1655:
1611:
1561:
1470:
1435:
1051:
1039:
1031:
828:
757:
590:
518:
510:
455:
is another rare species, a perennial plant whose habitat is restricted to playas in
1690:
1586:
1455:
1387:
1106:
1021:
1013:
886:
818:
808:
560:
499:
479:
357:
165:
55:
1660:
1581:
1566:
1520:
1500:
1187:
813:
640:
556:
534:
368:
314:
142:
1505:
1202:
579:
477:. A non-native shrub that has been used for rangeland restoration in the west,
456:
376:
341:
294:
170:
1751:
1591:
1425:
1124:
1065:
1035:
729:
530:
310:
219:
215:
1017:
210:
is the term used in most of South Africa. These may include the small round
1576:
1273:
1110:
1043:
832:
697:
423:
269:
186:
34:
1355:
1350:
1313:
586:
474:
131:
1026:
754:
Australian landforms: understanding a low, flat, arid and old landscape.
1556:
1475:
1303:
724:
671:
395:
and other salt-tolerant plants that provide critical winter fodder for
337:
30:
1070:"More than half of the world's large lakes are drying up, study finds"
491:
1710:
1601:
1551:
1510:
1420:
1377:
1240:
1219:
891:
874:
636:
526:
400:
396:
392:
388:
230:
178:
123:
349:
268:). In Central Asia, a similar "cracked mud" salt flat is known as a
1670:
1634:
1515:
1197:
1159:
994:"Satellites reveal widespread decline in global lake water storage"
574:
and may be eligible to enroll in the new wetlands component of the
570:
Under United States law, a "playa lake" may be considered isolated
463:
211:
1395:
1596:
1536:
1490:
1480:
1415:
1325:
1209:
715:
675:
571:
542:
470:
345:
298:
146:
657:
A closeup photograph of salt growths on the crust of a dry lake.
26:
1720:
1705:
1700:
1665:
1639:
1619:
1541:
1495:
1485:
1400:
1372:
1362:
1340:
1283:
1255:
1250:
1224:
522:
435:
242:
182:
1695:
1685:
1675:
1546:
1465:
1445:
1410:
1405:
1367:
1345:
1330:
1320:
1298:
1278:
1245:
1214:
1182:
1155:
872:
552:
503:
431:
333:
264:
847:"Ice rafts not sails: Floating the rocks at Racetrack Playa"
1715:
1629:
1335:
1308:
1288:
1192:
710:
466:
and other wildlife gather there after rainstorms to drink.
439:
361:
329:
273:
105:
73:
67:
38:
1680:
1450:
991:
873:
Rogers, D. Christopher; Quinney, Weaver, Olesen (2006).
720:
Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
718: – Wetland system unique to the American Southwest
192:
In South
America, the usual term for a dry lake bed is
786:
559:
for valuable minerals in solution. See, for example,
360:
desiccation features. If there is very little water,
687:
525:
have both been used for setting land speed records.
64:
61:
549:(known initially as Muroc Dry Lake) in California.
58:
16:Area that contained a standing surface water body
1749:
1154:
756:Rosenberg Publishing. Pp. 227, 235, 237, 239.
752:& Campbell, E.M. (2005, revised edition):
1140:
375:, features a geological phenomenon known as "
905:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
589:yearly event takes place in a playa in the
555:from the subsurface of dry lakes are often
1147:
1133:
918:
916:
1025:
890:
822:
812:
490:
405:
305:
287:
136:
25:
913:
328:Dry lakes are typically formed in semi-
90:If covered with salt, it is known as a
1750:
1096:
1064:
1128:
1119:Southern Africa: a geographical study
498:chemical plant processes brines from
340:. Most dry lakes are small. However,
164:
922:
240:In Arabic, a salt flat is called a
218:area, to the extensive pans of the
13:
108:, then a dry lake bed is called a
14:
1784:
152:Another term for dry lake bed is
122:(the latter being a remnant of a
732: – Salt content in the soil
690:
663:
649:
623:
607:
225:Terms used in Australia include
177:and is commonly used to address
173:and other parts of the Southern
54:
1090:
301:, the world's largest salt flat
1058:
985:
949:
866:
839:
780:
766:
743:
593:in western Nevada every year.
422:- a recently discovered giant
134:of the western United States.
99:
1:
925:"Sensitive Plants of the JRA"
879:Journal of Crustacean Biology
736:
1099:Journal of Arid Environments
814:10.1371/journal.pone.0105948
576:Conservation Reserve Program
486:
283:
7:
1121:, Chapter 16 LAKES AND PANS
930:. Idaho BLM. Archived from
683:
582:(P.L. 107–171, Sec. 2101).
10:
1789:
1733:
631:The dry lake and shore of
616:Death Valley National Park
600:
382:
233:minerals are present) and
104:If its basin is primarily
18:
1729:
1648:
1610:
1529:
1434:
1386:
1264:
1233:
1175:
1166:
502:to make such products as
416:(Davis' peppergrass) and
21:Dry Lake (disambiguation)
373:Death Valley, California
1018:10.1126/science.abo2812
776:Encyclopædia Britannica
618:, western United States
614:Devil's Golf Course in
1111:10.1006/jare.2000.0633
547:Edwards Air Force Base
506:
447:optimum for hatching.
427:
317:
303:
276:salt flats are called
149:
41:
515:Bonneville Salt Flats
494:
459:and northern Nevada.
409:
309:
291:
214:pans, typical of the
140:
29:
1773:Lacustrine landforms
1736:Geographical feature
1572:Volcanic crater lake
1117:John H. Wellington,
1105:(1). Elsevier: 1–7.
706:List of drying lakes
19:For other uses, see
1010:2023Sci...380..743Y
805:2014PLoSO...9j5948N
419:Branchinecta raptor
293:Salt harvesting in
156:. The Spanish word
969:on August 10, 2011
511:land speed records
507:
496:The Mosaic Company
444:giant fairy shrimp
428:
318:
304:
150:
48:, also known as a
42:
1768:Aeolian landforms
1745:
1744:
1656:Artificial island
1562:Submarine volcano
1471:Continental shelf
1438:coastal landforms
1234:Continental plain
1169:List of landforms
1004:(6646): 743–749.
773:"Uyuni Salt Flat"
591:Black Rock Desert
578:, enacted in the
565:Lithium resources
519:Black Rock Desert
181:sediments in the
81:), is a basin or
1780:
1691:Land reclamation
1587:Volcanic plateau
1149:
1142:
1135:
1126:
1125:
1114:
1084:
1083:
1081:
1080:
1062:
1056:
1055:
1029:
989:
983:
982:
976:
974:
968:
962:. Archived from
961:
953:
947:
946:
944:
942:
936:
929:
923:Hagwood, Sheri.
920:
911:
910:
904:
896:
894:
892:10.1651/C-2509.1
870:
864:
863:
861:
860:
851:
843:
837:
836:
826:
816:
784:
778:
770:
764:
747:
721:
700:
695:
694:
693:
667:
653:
627:
611:
561:Searles Dry Lake
500:Searles Dry Lake
480:Kochia prostrata
452:Lepidium davisii
413:Lepidium davisii
358:teepee structure
168:
166:[ˈplaʝa]
163:
80:
79:
76:
75:
70:
69:
66:
63:
60:
1788:
1787:
1783:
1782:
1781:
1779:
1778:
1777:
1763:Endorheic lakes
1748:
1747:
1746:
1741:
1738:
1725:
1661:Artificial reef
1644:
1606:
1582:Volcanic island
1567:Volcanic crater
1525:
1521:Volcanic island
1501:Mid-ocean ridge
1437:
1430:
1382:
1260:
1229:
1171:
1162:
1153:
1093:
1088:
1087:
1078:
1076:
1063:
1059:
990:
986:
972:
970:
966:
959:
955:
954:
950:
940:
938:
934:
927:
921:
914:
898:
897:
871:
867:
858:
856:
849:
845:
844:
840:
785:
781:
771:
767:
748:
744:
739:
719:
696:
691:
689:
686:
679:
678:
668:
659:
658:
654:
645:
644:
641:South Australia
639:desert lake in
628:
619:
612:
603:
535:South Australia
489:
385:
369:Racetrack Playa
315:Racetrack Playa
302:
286:
161:
143:Chott el Djerid
102:
72:
57:
53:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1786:
1776:
1775:
1770:
1765:
1760:
1743:
1742:
1740:
1739:
1730:
1727:
1726:
1724:
1723:
1718:
1713:
1708:
1703:
1698:
1693:
1688:
1683:
1678:
1673:
1668:
1663:
1658:
1652:
1650:
1646:
1645:
1643:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1627:
1622:
1616:
1614:
1608:
1607:
1605:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1584:
1579:
1574:
1569:
1564:
1559:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1533:
1531:
1527:
1526:
1524:
1523:
1518:
1513:
1508:
1506:Oceanic trench
1503:
1498:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1473:
1468:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1442:
1440:
1432:
1431:
1429:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1392:
1390:
1384:
1383:
1381:
1380:
1375:
1370:
1365:
1360:
1359:
1358:
1353:
1343:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1318:
1317:
1316:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1276:
1270:
1268:
1262:
1261:
1259:
1258:
1253:
1248:
1243:
1237:
1235:
1231:
1230:
1228:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1207:
1206:
1205:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1179:
1177:
1173:
1172:
1167:
1164:
1163:
1152:
1151:
1144:
1137:
1129:
1123:
1122:
1115:
1092:
1089:
1086:
1085:
1068:(2023-05-19).
1066:Dickie, Gloria
1057:
984:
948:
912:
865:
838:
799:(8): e105948.
779:
765:
741:
740:
738:
735:
734:
733:
727:
722:
713:
708:
702:
701:
685:
682:
681:
680:
670:
669:
662:
660:
656:
655:
648:
646:
630:
629:
622:
620:
613:
606:
602:
599:
580:2002 farm bill
545:in Nevada and
488:
485:
457:southern Idaho
384:
381:
377:sailing stones
342:Salar de Uyuni
295:Salar de Uyuni
292:
285:
282:
246:(also spelled
200:, Spanish for
171:Llano Estacado
101:
98:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1785:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1756:
1755:
1753:
1737:
1732:
1731:
1728:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1653:
1651:
1647:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1617:
1615:
1613:
1609:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1592:Volcanic plug
1590:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1534:
1532:
1528:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1444:
1443:
1441:
1439:
1433:
1427:
1426:Tunnel valley
1424:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1393:
1391:
1389:
1385:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1361:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1348:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1315:
1312:
1311:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1271:
1269:
1267:
1263:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1238:
1236:
1232:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1204:
1201:
1200:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1180:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1150:
1145:
1143:
1138:
1136:
1131:
1130:
1127:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1095:
1094:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1061:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
995:
988:
981:
965:
958:
952:
937:on 3 May 2014
933:
926:
919:
917:
908:
902:
893:
888:
884:
880:
876:
869:
855:
848:
842:
834:
830:
825:
820:
815:
810:
806:
802:
798:
794:
790:
783:
777:
774:
769:
763:
762:1 877058 32 7
759:
755:
751:
750:Twidale, C.R.
746:
742:
731:
730:Soil salinity
728:
726:
723:
717:
714:
712:
709:
707:
704:
703:
699:
688:
677:
673:
666:
661:
652:
647:
642:
638:
634:
626:
621:
617:
610:
605:
604:
598:
594:
592:
588:
583:
581:
577:
573:
568:
566:
562:
558:
554:
550:
548:
544:
540:
536:
532:
531:Lake Gairdner
528:
524:
520:
516:
512:
505:
501:
497:
493:
484:
482:
481:
476:
472:
467:
465:
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1091:Bibliography
1077:. Retrieved
1073:
1060:
1027:10754/691878
1001:
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987:
978:
973:November 30,
971:. Retrieved
964:the original
951:
939:. Retrieved
932:the original
901:cite journal
882:
878:
868:
857:. Retrieved
854:Barnesos.net
853:
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698:Lakes portal
674:in northern
595:
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517:in Utah and
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187:Lake Ptolemy
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88:alkali flat.
87:
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46:dry lake bed
45:
43:
35:Qom Province
1436:Oceanic and
1176:Mountainous
885:(1): 1–12.
587:Burning Man
475:overgrazing
175:High Plains
132:Great Basin
100:Terminology
1758:Salt flats
1752:Categories
1734:See also:
1649:Artificial
1557:Lava field
1476:Coral reef
1304:Floodplain
1079:2023-05-20
859:2016-06-24
737:References
725:Salt storm
672:Etosha pan
539:Groom Lake
401:herbivores
399:and other
364:can form.
338:New Mexico
222:province.
162:pronounced
83:depression
31:Namak Lake
1711:Reservoir
1602:Wall rock
1552:Lava dome
1511:Peninsula
1421:Ice field
1378:Waterfall
1241:Ice sheet
1220:Tableland
1160:landforms
1052:258765167
1036:0036-8075
637:endorheic
633:Lake Hart
557:exploited
527:Lake Eyre
487:Human use
397:livestock
393:saltbrush
389:shadscale
284:Formation
235:clay pans
231:evaporite
227:salt pans
179:paleolake
124:salt lake
120:salt flat
93:salt flat
1671:Building
1635:Sandhill
1625:Dry lake
1530:Volcanic
1516:Seamount
1198:Mountain
1044:37200445
833:25162535
793:PLOS ONE
684:See also
572:wetlands
471:feedlots
464:Antelope
212:highveld
202:salt pan
111:salt pan
1612:Aeolian
1597:Volcano
1537:Caldera
1491:Isthmus
1481:Estuary
1461:Channel
1416:Glacier
1388:Glacial
1326:Meander
1294:Channel
1266:Fluvial
1210:Plateau
1074:Reuters
1006:Bibcode
998:Science
980:ground.
824:4146553
801:Bibcode
716:Cienega
676:Namibia
601:Gallery
543:Area 51
383:Ecology
348:, near
346:Bolivia
323:bajadas
299:Bolivia
248:sabkhah
229:(where
147:Tunisia
128:Hardpan
1721:Tunnel
1706:Quarry
1701:Polder
1666:Bridge
1640:Tundra
1620:Desert
1542:Geyser
1496:Lagoon
1486:Island
1401:Cirque
1373:Valley
1363:Strait
1341:Rapids
1314:island
1284:Canyon
1256:Tundra
1251:Steppe
1225:Valley
1050:
1042:
1034:
831:
821:
760:
553:Brines
523:Nevada
436:Nevada
350:Potosí
256:sebkha
252:subkha
243:sabkha
198:salina
183:Sahara
1696:Levee
1686:Ditch
1676:Canal
1547:Guyot
1466:Coast
1446:Atoll
1411:Fjord
1406:Esker
1396:Arête
1368:Swamp
1356:mouth
1351:delta
1346:River
1331:Oasis
1321:Levee
1299:Cliff
1279:Beach
1246:Plain
1215:Ridge
1203:range
1183:Butte
1156:Earth
1048:S2CID
967:(PDF)
960:(PDF)
941:2 May
935:(PDF)
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635:, an
504:trona
432:Idaho
362:dunes
334:Texas
278:kavir
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194:salar
185:like
158:playa
154:playa
118:, or
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1716:Road
1630:Dune
1456:Cape
1336:Pond
1309:Lake
1289:Cave
1193:Hill
1188:Flat
1040:PMID
1032:ISSN
975:2009
943:2014
907:link
829:PMID
758:ISBN
711:Lake
585:The
563:and
529:and
440:Utah
438:and
367:The
330:arid
274:Iran
141:The
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1681:Dam
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