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imperial tours of inspection. After many years, their hulls decayed and needed repairs, but the work was impossible as long as they were afloat. So in the Hsi-Ning reign period (+1068 to +1077) a palace official Huang Huai-Hsin suggested a plan. A large basin was excavated at the north end of the Chin-ming Lake capable of containing the dragon ships, and in it heavy crosswise beams were laid down upon a foundation of pillars. Then (a breach was made) so that the basin quickly filled with water, after which the ships were towed in above the beams. Then (breach now being closed) the water was pumped out by wheels so that the ships rested quite in the air. When the repairs were complete, the water was let in again, so that the ships were afloat once more (and could leave the dock). Finally the beams and pillars were taken away, and the whole basin covered over with a great roof so as to form a
159:
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142:), having dug a trench under it, equal to the ship itself in length, which he dug close to the harbour. And in the trench he built props of solid stone five cubits deep, and across them he laid beams crosswise, running the laces whole width of the trench, at four cubits' distance from one another; and then making a channel from the sea he filled all the space which he had excavated with water, out of which he easily brought the ship by the aid of whatever men happened to be at hand; then closing the entrance which had been originally made, he drained the water off again by means of engines (organois); and when this had been done the vessel rested securely on the before-mentioned cross-beams.
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208:. In the booklet, an unknown author asks for the privilege of using a new method for the salvaging of a grounded ship and then proceeds to describe and illustrate his approach. The included woodcut shows a ship flanked by two large floating trestles, forming a roof above the vessel. The ship is pulled in an upright position by a number of ropes attached to the superstructure.
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bank of rock and clay that had to be dug away by hand (an operation taking typically 29 days, working night and day to accord with the tides) to allow the passage of a ship. Emptying was by a pump, possibly in the form of a bucket-chain powered by horses. This dry dock currently holds First World War
428:
are opened, the chambers fill with water, causing the dry dock to float lower in the water. The deck becomes submerged and this allows a ship to be moved into position inside. When the water is pumped out of the chambers, the dry dock rises and the ship is lifted out of the water on the rising deck,
360:
Modern graving docks are box-shaped, to accommodate newer, boxier ships, whereas old dry docks are often shaped like the ships expected to dock there. This shaping was advantageous because such a dock was easier to build, it was easier to side-support the ships, and less water had to be pumped away.
97:
At the beginning of the dynasty (c. +965) the two Che provinces (now
Chekiang and southern Chiangsu) presented (to the throne) two dragon ships each more than 200 ft. in length. The upper works included several decks with palatial cabins and saloons, containing thrones and couches all ready for
277:
at 662 by 76 metres (2,172 ft × 249 ft) is the largest dry dock in the United States. The largest floating-dock in North
America is named The Vigorous. It is operated by Vigor Industries in Portland, OR, in the Swan Island industrial area along the Willamette River.
321:
The keel blocks as well as the bilge block are placed on the floor of the dock in accordance with the "docking plan" of the ship. Routine use of dry docks is for the "graving" i.e. the cleaning, removal of barnacles and rust, and re-painting of ships' hulls.
62:) is a narrow basin or vessel that can be flooded to allow a load to be floated in, then drained to allow that load to come to rest on a dry platform. Dry docks are used for the construction, maintenance, and repair of ships, boats, and other watercraft.
432:
A large floating dry dock involves multiple rectangular sections. These sections can be combined to handle ships of various lengths, and the sections themselves can come in different dimensions. Each section contains its own equipment for emptying the
184:, so that the hull would bed itself in and remain upright at low tide. A timber, brushwood and clay wall was then built up around the hull. The first early modern purpose-built European and oldest surviving dry dock still in use was commissioned by
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section can facilitate the towing of the dry dock once assembled. For smaller boats, one-piece floating dry docks can be constructed or converted out of an existing obsolete barge, potentially coming with their own bow and steering mechanism.
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An advantage of covered dry docks is that work can take place in any weather; this is frequently used by modern shipyards for construction especially of complex, high-value vessels like cruise ships, where delays would incur a high cost.
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while there is still some water left to manoeuvre the vessel. It is extremely important that supporting blocks conform to the structural members so that the ship is not damaged when its weight is supported by the blocks. Some
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Shipyards operate floating dry docks as one method for hauling or docking vessels. Floating drydocks are important in locations where porous ground prevents the use of conventional drydocks, such as at the
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Once the remainder of the water is pumped out, the ship can be freely inspected or serviced. When work on the ship is finished, the gates are opened to allow water in, and the ship is carefully refloated.
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domes protruding beneath the hull, requiring the hull to be supported several metres above the bottom of the dry dock, or depressions built into the floor of the dock, to accommodate the protrusions.
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in 1854, was the largest floating drydock in the world when it was launched. It was 325 feet (99 m) long and could lift 8,000 tons, accommodating the largest ships of its day.
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was practised: at high tide the vessel was floated over a beach of hard sand and allowed to rest on one side when the tide receded. An account of 1434 described how a site near
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that consists of 65 concrete pillars weighing 18,000 tonnes each. The pillars were constructed in a drydock and towed to their final place on the seabed.
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chambers and a U-shaped cross-section. The walls are used to give the dry dock stability when the floor or deck is below the surface of the water. When
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522:", or HMB-1, is a covered, floating drydock that is also submersible to support the secret transfer of a mechanical lifting device underneath the
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Some dry docks are used during the construction of bridges, dams, and other large objects. For example, the dry dock on the artificial island of
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318:. A vessel is floated in with the gates open, then the gates are closed and the water is pumped out, leaving the craft supported on blocks.
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458:. Another advantage of floating dry docks is that they can be moved to wherever they are needed and can also be sold second-hand. During
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owns one of the biggest in the world: 1,200 by 60 metres (3,940 ft × 200 ft). The
Alfredo da Silva Dry Dock in
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is the traditional form of dry dock. It is a narrow basin, usually made of earthen berms and concrete, closed by gates or a
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A downside of floating dry docks is that unscheduled sinkings and off-design dives may take place, as with the
Russian dock
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Possibly the earliest description of a floating dock comes from a small
Italian book printed in Venice in 1560, called
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Due to interruptions in the supply of electric power to the PD-50, the floating dock dived out in an off-design mode.
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1159:"North America's largest drydock floats first ship at Swan Island's Vigor Industrial (infographic and time lapse)"
1470:
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959:
Needham, Joseph (1986). Science and
Civilization in China: Volume 4 Part 3. Taipei: Caves Books, Ltd. Page 660
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Needham, Joseph (1986). Science and
Civilization in China: Volume 4 Part 3. Taipei: Caves Books, Ltd. Page 660
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Ship in the floating dry dock of Bremer Vulkan shipyard during an inspection of its propeller and rudder
19:
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rowing ship. However a more recent survey by
Goodchild and Forbes does not substantiate its existence.
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A boat lift is a light duty form of dry dock which keeps small boats out of the water while not in use
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in which the ships could be protected from the elements and avoid the damage caused by undue exposure.
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extensively to provide maintenance in remote locations. Two examples of these were the 1,000-foot
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It has been calculated that a dock for a vessel of such a size might have had a volume of 750,000
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Apart from graving docks and floating dry docks, ships can also be dry docked and launched by:
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in 1495. This was a timber-lined excavation, with the seaward end closed off by a temporary
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Dry docks used for building naval vessels may occasionally be built with a roof, to prevent
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258:, is the site of a large dry dock 556 by 93 metres (1,824 ft × 305 ft). The
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859: – British amphibious attack of 28 March 1942 — 1942 attack on a dry dock during
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999:(1998). "The development of harbour and dock engineering". In Jarvis, Adrian (ed.).
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1184:"The Ultimate Guide to Dry Docks: Types, Functions, and Essential Requirements"
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from taking pictures of the dry dock and any vessels that may be in it. During
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All about floating docks of shipbuilding firm "Almaz". St.-Petersburg. Russia.
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Greek and Roman
Mechanical Water-Lifting Devices: The History of a Technology
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Before the 15th century, when the hull below the waterline needed attention,
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1511:
1213:. Alexandria, VA: US Navy Facilities Engineering Command. p. 29.1-9.
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tunnel, before they are floated into position, as was done with Boston's
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A dry dock may also be used for the prefabrication of the elements of an
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1284:"Russia's only aircraft carrier damaged as its floating dry dock sinks"
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But after that a
Phoenician devised a new method of launching it (the
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Carnival Liberty Cruise Ship in Dry Dock in Freeport, Grand Bahamas
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232:, was closed in 2000. The largest roofed dry dock is at the German
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Sarton, George (1946), "Floating Docks in the Sixteenth Century",
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563:— For repair of larger ships up to about 3000 tons ship weight
294:"Tre Kronor" in one of the historical dry docks on the island
120:(V 204c-d) reports something that may have been a dry dock in
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and to provide the required services, and the addition of a
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goes at least as far back as the 10th century A.D. In 1088,
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128:(221-204 BC) on the occasion of the launch of the enormous
1419:
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The deipnosophists, or, Banquet of the learned of Athenæus
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Dry Dock, Toledo Ship Building Company, Toledo, Ohio, 1912
1268:"Sea Going Navy Yard Follows The Fleet", November 1945,
1098:
Great Harry's navy: how Henry VIII gave England seapower
325:
Some fine-tuning of the ship's position can be done by
178:
with a bottom of soft mud was selected for the warship
1100:. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. pp. 11–12.
797:, being worked on in the cradle, in Valparaiso, Chile
244:, it is 504 m long, 125 m wide and stands 75 m tall.
1340:(Revised ed.), University of California Press,
846:
Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback
925:
China's Management Revolution: Spirit, Land, Energy
844: – type of vessel which can partially submerge
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882:
1639:
1045:A history of the administration of the Royal Navy
973:, volume I, London: Henry G. Bohn, p.325 (5.204c)
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1314:Monthly Nautical Magazine, and Quarterly Review
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969:Athenaeus of Naucratis (Yonge, C.D., Editor)
429:allowing work to proceed on the ship's hull.
1134:"Meyer Werft baut größte Dockhalle der Welt"
373:
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853: – Orbital spacecraft assembly station
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809:The Great Balance Dock with the steamer
528:ship, as well as the development of the
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378:used fortified dry docks to protect its
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16:Basin drained to allow work on a vessel
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349:U.S. Navy ballistic missile submarine
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1043:(1896). "Henry VII Portsmouth Dock".
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592:was used for the construction of the
262:are named after the Biblical figures
206:Descrittione dell'artifitiosa machina
153:
1476:Shipbuilding in the early modern era
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1223:
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889:. Oxford University Press. p.
825:USS Oregon (BB-3) in dry dock, 1898
13:
1282:SEAN GALLAGHER (20 October 2018).
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927:. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 84.
733:shipyard, Saint Petersburg, Russia
417:for dry docking ships, possessing
14:
1797:
1410:Encyclopædia Britannica, dry-dock
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1311:Webb, William H. (January 1855).
413:A floating dry dock is a type of
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1336:Engineering in the Ancient World
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923:Bouée, Charles-Edouard (2010).
1211:Graving Drydocks Design Manual
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494:, and was eventually towed to
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1640:Seamanship (seafaring) topics
1068:The English Historical Review
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714:Floating dry dock located in
630:Royal Naval Dockyard, Bermuda
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1001:Port and harbour engineering
552:Alternative dry dock systems
162:Floating Dock. Woodcut from
7:
1705:Ship-to-ship cargo transfer
1553:Water tunnel (hydrodynamic)
1257:on blocks in AFDB-3 in 1988
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672:floating Drydock #2 on the
480:Advance Base Sectional Dock
468:auxiliary floating drydocks
393:
382:from Allied air raids (see
10:
1802:
1325:
1226:Knight's Modern Seamanship
1064:"The Navy under Henry VII"
1062:Goldingham, C. S. (1918).
789:SOCIBER floating drydock,
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1740:Man overboard rescue turn
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1599:Archaeology of shipwrecks
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885:When China Ruled the Seas
881:Levathes, Louise (1994).
356:inside a flooded dry dock
275:Newport News Shipbuilding
222:Chantiers de l'Atlantique
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87:(1031–1095) wrote in his
729:Alekseevsky dry dock at
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83:scientist and statesman
75:The use of dry docks in
70:
1332:Landels, J. G. (2000),
1047:. Vol. 1. London:
1224:Noel, John V. (1988).
1003:. Aldershot, England:
486:, was mothballed near
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332:anti-submarine warfare
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118:Athenaeus of Naucratis
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1209:Tobel, W. M. (1982).
596:, a large dam in the
506:' repair facilities.
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126:Ptolemy IV Philopator
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1786:Coastal construction
678:Algiers, New Orleans
502:, to become part of
482:which saw action in
448:Royal Naval Dockyard
250:Heavy Industries in
186:Henry VII of England
40:littoral combat ship
23:U.S. Navy submarine
1317:. Griffiths, Bates.
1230:John Wiley and Sons
1182:Kantharia, Raunek.
1094:Moorhouse, Geoffrey
670:Bollinger Shipyards
594:Oosterscheldekering
520:Hughes Mining Barge
1690:Naval architecture
1589:Naval architecture
1579:Marine engineering
1355:Oleson, John Peter
1232:. pp. 81–82.
1190:. Bangalore, India
1041:Oppenheim, Michael
1005:Ashgate Publishing
997:Kirkpatrick, Cyril
769:Floating dry dock
636:in 1883, with its
542:Great Balance Dock
411:
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154:Renaissance Europe
48:
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1584:Marine propulsion
1517:Mortise and tenon
1255:Samuel B. Roberts
900:978-0-19-511207-8
837:List of dry docks
775:Kaohsiung Harbour
674:Mississippi River
640:in the background
478:. The latter, an
474:and the 850-foot
460:World War II
248:Harland and Wolff
116:The Greek author
112:Greco-Roman world
90:Dream Pool Essays
30:in a graving dock
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1715:Passage planning
1675:Maritime studies
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1594:Maritime history
1548:Ship model basin
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1007:. p. 10.
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585:
582:
581:
580:
570:
564:
561:Marine railway
553:
550:
464:U.S. Navy
395:
392:
366:spy satellites
334:warships have
307:
304:
290:The Stockholm
283:
280:
260:massive cranes
213:
210:
155:
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113:
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72:
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15:
9:
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1701:
1700:Hydrodynamics
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1570:
1569:Boat building
1567:
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1368:90-277-1693-5
1364:
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1347:0-520-22782-4
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1289:
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1241:
1239:0-471-28948-5
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1107:0-297-64544-7
1103:
1099:
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1069:
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1058:
1051:. p. 39.
1050:
1046:
1042:
1036:
1030:, p. 153
1029:
1024:
1016:
1014:0-86078-755-9
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986:, p. 163
985:
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849:
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821:
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805:
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796:
793:with tugboat
792:
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748:
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631:
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619:
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605:immersed tube
601:
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558:
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549:
547:
546:New York City
543:
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409:
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391:
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384:submarine pen
381:
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372:, the German
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218:Saint-Nazaire
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78:
63:
61:
57:
53:
45:
41:
36:
29:
28:
21:
1724:
1720:Maritime law
1660:Watchkeeping
1537:
1457:Shipbuilding
1380:
1376:
1358:
1335:
1313:
1306:
1298:
1291:. Retrieved
1288:Ars Technica
1287:
1277:
1269:
1263:
1254:
1248:
1225:
1219:
1210:
1204:
1192:. Retrieved
1187:
1177:
1166:. Retrieved
1162:
1153:
1142:. Retrieved
1140:. 2008-01-18
1128:
1116:
1097:
1088:
1071:
1067:
1057:
1044:
1035:
1023:
1000:
991:
984:Landels 2000
979:
970:
964:
955:
950:, p. 33
943:
924:
918:
909:
884:
876:
861:World War II
810:
794:
790:
696:Blohm + Voss
665:
634:Anna Brassey
602:
590:Neeltje-Jans
587:
555:
539:
535:stealth ship
529:
523:
517:
510:
508:
444:
431:
412:
388:
375:Kriegsmarine
370:World War II
363:
359:
352:
340:
324:
320:
312:graving dock
309:
272:
246:
236:Shipyard in
215:
205:
203:
179:
169:
145:
139:
137:
129:
115:
96:
88:
81:Song dynasty
74:
59:
55:
51:
49:
42:in drydock,
26:
1725:Dry-docking
1512:Strip-built
1121:Sarton 1946
1049:Bodley Head
1028:Sarton 1946
948:Oleson 1984
632:as seen by
609:Silver Line
598:Netherlands
577:patent slip
544:, built in
298:in central
234:Meyer Werft
176:Southampton
54:(sometimes
27:Greeneville
1775:Categories
1760:Sea anchor
1655:Navigation
1647:Seamanship
1543:Mould Loft
1526:Facilities
1293:5 November
1168:2016-11-03
1144:2009-06-25
868:References
851:Space dock
716:Sevastopol
584:Other uses
531:Sea Shadow
466:used such
380:submarines
296:Beckholmen
212:Modern era
181:Grace Dieu
150:of water.
38:A US Navy
1755:Anchoring
1574:Sail plan
1397:144849113
1080:0013-8266
773:No. 8 in
771:Jong Shyn
731:Kronstadt
682:Louisiana
666:Dolphin I
515:in 2018.
452:limestone
419:floodable
351:USS
300:Stockholm
238:Papenburg
172:careening
25:USS
1781:Drydocks
1730:Ropework
1670:Pilotage
1538:Dry dock
1533:Shipyard
1357:(1984),
1194:6 August
1096:(2005).
831:See also
811:Adriatic
777:, Taiwan
664:Towboat
567:Shiplift
496:Portland
492:Virginia
422:buoyancy
394:Floating
353:Michigan
230:Portugal
197:monitor
194:revetted
85:Shen Kuo
60:dry-dock
52:dry dock
1750:Mooring
1745:Buoyage
1680:Sailing
1507:Clinker
1490:Methods
1464:Periods
1326:Sources
702:Germany
615:Gallery
573:Slipway
488:Norfolk
456:Bermuda
450:on the
435:ballast
415:pontoon
316:caisson
306:Graving
268:Goliath
252:Belfast
242:Germany
199:HMS M33
148:gallons
66:History
56:drydock
1502:Carvel
1497:Dugout
1395:
1365:
1344:
1236:
1104:
1078:
1011:
931:
897:
795:Pequen
476:AFDB-3
472:AFDB-1
462:, the
426:valves
408:Poland
404:Gdynia
327:divers
264:Samson
226:Almada
166:(1560)
164:Venice
107:Europe
100:hangar
44:NASSCO
1735:Knots
1393:S2CID
518:The "
512:PD-50
500:Maine
336:sonar
282:Types
77:China
71:China
1377:Isis
1363:ISBN
1342:ISBN
1295:2018
1234:ISBN
1196:2024
1102:ISBN
1076:ISSN
1009:ISBN
929:ISBN
895:ISBN
628:The
540:The
484:Guam
292:brig
266:and
216:The
46:2012
1385:doi
676:in
668:in
439:bow
386:).
220:'s
188:at
58:or
1777::
1391:,
1381:36
1379:,
1297:.
1286:.
1186:.
1161:.
1136:.
1072:33
1070:.
1066:.
893:.
891:77
680:,
611:.
575:,
537:.
498:,
490:,
406:,
310:A
270:.
254:,
240:,
228:,
201:.
93::
50:A
1633:e
1626:t
1619:v
1449:e
1442:t
1435:v
1387::
1242:.
1198:.
1171:.
1147:.
1110:.
1082:.
1017:.
937:.
903:.
863:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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