149:
329:. It contained a number of tools to enhance the functions of the version of DoubleSpace that came with MS-DOS 6.0. This included various diagnostic features, the ability to have compressed removable media auto-mounted as they were used, as well as support for background defragmentation of DoubleSpace compressed drives. To defragment files in the background, it was possible to let DoubleTools replace the low-level DoubleSpace driver (DBLSPACE.BIN) with one supplied by DoubleTools. Replacing the driver also enabled other enhanced functionality of the product, such as the use of
317:
an application, the MS-DOS prompt might appear before all data had been written to the disk. However, due to the lack of a controlled shutdown procedure (as found in modern operating systems), many users saw the appearance of the MS-DOS prompt as an indication that it was safe to switch off the computer, which was typically the case prior to MS-DOS 6.0. Microsoft addressed this issue in MS-DOS 6.2 where the write caching was still enabled by default, but where the cache would be flushed before allowing the command prompt to reappear.
217:
471:
frequently the files were used. One could upgrade from DriveSpace 2 to DriveSpace 3, but there was no downgrade path back to DriveSpace 2. One could, however, decompress a DriveSpace 3 drive. The DOS device driver of DriveSpace 3 had a memory footprint of around 150 KB because of all these new features. This caused difficulty for users rebooting into the MS-DOS mode of
Windows 95 for running games, because of the reduced amount of
203:, which had a similar product called Stacker, but these negotiations had failed. Microsoft was later successfully sued for patent infringement by Stac Electronics for violating some of its compression patents. During the court case Stac Electronics claimed that Microsoft had refused to pay any money when it attempted to license Stacker, offering only the possibility for Stac Electronics to develop enhancement products.
378:
312:
The fact that the compressed contents of a compressed drive was stored in a single file implied the possibility of a user accidentally deleting all of their data by deleting just that file. This could happen if the user inadvertently got access to the host drive, containing this file. The host drive
316:
Turning off the computer before DoubleSpace could finish updating its data structures could also result in data loss. This problem was compounded by
Microsoft making write caching enabled by default in the SMARTDRV disk cache software that came with MS-DOS 6.0. Because of this change, after exiting
470:
pack contained version 3 of DriveSpace. This version introduced new compression formats (HiPack and UltraPack) with different performance characteristics for even greater compression ratios along with a tool that could recompress the files on the disk using the different formats, depending on how
357:
memory, albeit at the cost of somewhat reduced speed). Another function was the ability to split a compressed volume over multiple floppy disks, being able to see the entire volume with only the first disk inserted (and being prompted to change discs as necessary). It was also possible to share a
297:
The fragmentation condition was related to the way DoubleSpace compresses individual clusters (of size, say, 8 K), and fits them on the disk, occupying fewer sectors (size 512 bytes) than the fixed number required without DoubleSpace (16 sectors in this example). This created the possibility of a
289:
Shortly after its release, reports of data loss emerged. A company called
Blossom Software claimed to have found a bug that could lead to data corruption. The bug occurred when writing files to heavily fragmented disks and was demonstrated by a program called BUST.EXE. The company sold a program
365:
Vertisoft, the company who developed the DoubleDisk program that
Microsoft subsequently licensed and turned into DoubleSpace, developed and sold a DoubleSpace add-on program called SpaceManager, which contained a number of usability enhancements. It also offered improved compression ratios.
510:
It is possible to restore full function of DriveSpace 3 (unofficially) in
Windows Me, copying the executable file from a Windows 98 installation and using it to replace the executable included with Windows Me. After that, one could compress new drives as they could do on Windows 98.
522:, a Linux kernel driver, was developed in the late 1990s to support both the reading and writing of DoubleSpace/DriveSpace disks. However, reading and especially writing to compressed filesystems is reliable only in specific versions of the 2.0, 2.1 or 2.2 versions of the kernel.
191:
and adapted it to become DoubleSpace. For instance, the loading of the driver controlling the compression/decompression (DBLSPACE.BIN) became more deeply integrated into the operating system (being loaded through the undocumented pre-load API even before the
506:
had only limited support. DriveSpace no longer supported hard disk compression, but still supported reading and writing compressed removable media, although the only DriveSpace operation supported beside that was deleting and reallocating compressed drives.
414:
introduced in this release was able to scan the non-compressed and compressed drives, including checks of the internal DoubleSpace structures. Security features (known as DoubleGuard) were added to prevent memory corruption from leading to data loss. The
465:
had full support of DoubleSpace/DriveSpace via a native 32-bit driver for accessing the compressed drives, along with a graphical version of the software tools. MS-DOS DriveSpace users could upgrade to
Windows 95 without any troubles. Furthermore, the
541:-enabled whereas the MS-DOS ones were not, this did not offer any advantages for DR-DOS users, but allowed easier coexistence or migration due to the possibility of shared use of already existing compressed volumes in multi-boot scenarios.
168:
C:). The software would compress the entire partition contents into one large file in the root directory. On booting the system, the driver would allocate this large file as drive C:, enabling files to be accessed as normal.
290:
called DoubleCheck that could be used to check for the fragmentation condition that could lead to the error. Microsoft's position was that the error only occurred under unlikely conditions, but fixed the problem in
478:
DriveSpace 3 also shipped with
Windows 95 OSR2 but many features were disabled unless Plus! was also installed. DriveSpace could also not be used with FAT32, making it of little use on PCs with large hard drives.
128:. The purpose of DriveSpace is to increase the amount of data the user could store on disks by transparently compressing and decompressing data on-the-fly. It is primarily intended for use with
779:
277:
A few computer programs, particularly games, were incompatible with DoubleSpace because they effectively bypassed the DoubleSpace driver. DoubleSpace also consumed a significant amount of
298:
kind of internal fragmentation issue, where DoubleSpace would be unable to find enough consecutive sectors for storing a compressed cluster even if plenty of space was available.
301:
Other potential causes of data loss included the corruption of DoubleSpace's memory areas by other programs, DoubleSpace's memory areas were not protected, because MS-DOS ran in
537:
in 1993 and higher introduced an emulation of the undocumented pre-load API in order to provide seamless support for DoubleSpace as well. Since the DR-DOS drivers were
369:
Other products, like later versions of
Stacker from Stac Electronics, were capable of converting existing DoubleSpace compressed drives into their own format.
454:. The software was essentially identical to the MS-DOS 6.2 version of DoubleSpace from a user point of view, and was compatible with previous versions.
313:
was usually mapped to the letter H: by the compression driver. However, if the compression driver had failed to load the user might see it as drive C:.
572:
Undocumented DOS: A programmer's guide to reserved MS-DOS functions and data structures - expanded to include MS-DOS 6, Novell DOS and
Windows 3.1
1848:
164:
In the most common usage scenario, the user would have one hard drive in the computer, with all the space allocated to one partition (usually as
419:
of the DoubleSpace driver was reduced compared to the version shipped in MS-DOS 6.0. A fix was made to the fragmentation issue discussed above.
439:
without DoubleSpace. A court injunction also prevented any further distribution of the previous versions of MS-DOS that included DoubleSpace.
763:
188:
47:
913:
850:"Microsoft DoubleSpace System Application Programming Interfaces (API) v1.00.05 and DoubleSpace Compressed Volume File (CVF) format"
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1412:
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741:
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MS-DOS 6.2 featured a new and improved version of DoubleSpace. The ability to remove DoubleSpace was added. The program
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that made it possible to access the compressed data even on computers that didn't have DoubleSpace (or Double Tools).
358:
compressed volume with a remote computer. Double Tools also had the capability to put a special utility on compressed
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584:
264:
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shipped with DriveSpace 3 as part of the operating system. Functionality was the same as in
Windows 95 with Plus!.
92:
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20:
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contained a reimplemented version of the disk compression software, but this time released under the name
1983:
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Microsoft's decision to add disk compression to MS-DOS 6.0 was influenced by the fact that the competing
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305:. Microsoft attempted to remedy this in the MS-DOS 6.2 version of DoubleSpace (via a feature called
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Instead of developing its own product from scratch, Microsoft licensed the technology for the
2006:
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1996:
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support, FAT32 going mainstream and the decreasing popularity of DriveSpace, DriveSpace in
8:
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1793:
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1516:
1023:
472:
432:
389:
version. Left and right charts show disk usage before and after compacting, respectively.
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While DR-DOS supported its own disk compression technology (originally based on
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had earlier started to include disk compression software since version
137:
125:
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85:
42:
687:
www.helpwithwindows.com; HelpWithWindows.com, Arie Slob (1998-07-14).
1978:
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for some of its buffers (reducing the driver's total footprint in
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1377:
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1159:
1055:
1008:
630:"It's a good idea to 'DoubleCheck' your disk for fragmentation"
330:
199:
Microsoft had originally sought to license the technology from
173:
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81:
1943:
1818:
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1627:
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1341:
1290:
1234:
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1102:
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555:
595:"Errata, Commentary, and Release Notes for UNDOCUMENTED DOS"
1597:
1541:
854:
564:
338:
569:; Maxey, David; Michels, Raymond J.; Kyle, Jim (1994) .
281:, making it difficult to run memory-intensive programs.
545:
and higher also added support for DriveSpace in 1998.
764:"Caldera OpenDOS 7.01/7.02 Update Alpha 3 IBMBIO.COM"
820:
Windows 98 in a Nutshell: A Desktop Quick Reference
19:"Doublespace" redirects here. For other uses, see
152:Microsoft advertised DoubleSpace on the cover of
2019:
887:Microsoft Real-time Compression Interface (MRCI)
796:Special Edition Using MS-DOS 6.22, Third Edition
206:
160:pack-in pictured, DoubleSpace sticker top-right)
592:
325:AddStor, Inc. offered an add-on product called
136:is also supported. This feature was removed in
124:in 1993 and ending in 2000 with the release of
817:Tim O'Reilly; Troy Mott; Walter Glenn (1999).
755:
661:
621:
156:distributions (user's guide for MS-DOS 6 with
907:
642:
514:
493:
482:
457:
245:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
914:
900:
730:
705:
667:
627:
606:
882:DoubleSpace Compressed Volume File Layout
265:Learn how and when to remove this message
648:
376:
147:
309:that would check for such corruption).
2020:
793:
609:"Undocumented DOS, 2nd Edition Errata"
575:(2 ed.). Reading, Massachusetts:
895:
284:
761:
668:Eglowstein, Howard (February 1994).
243:adding citations to reliable sources
210:
13:
787:
649:Halfhill, Tom R. (February 1994).
427:Following a successful lawsuit by
14:
2069:
842:
372:
867:from the original on 2016-03-03.
762:Paul, Matthias R. (1997-10-02).
628:Livingston, Brian (1993-09-20).
215:
2058:Discontinued Windows components
744:from the original on 2016-11-02
719:from the original on 2016-11-11
651:"How Safe Is Data Compression?"
333:code paths when it detected an
713:"DMSDOS - Linux kernel driver"
680:
670:"Data Loss: A Cautionary Tale"
593:Andrew Schulman (1991-03-18).
468:Microsoft Plus! for Windows 95
442:
422:
1:
548:
405:
207:Consumption and compatibility
345:– also permitted the use of
327:Double Tools for DoubleSpace
21:Doublespace (disambiguation)
7:
143:
63:; 31 years ago
10:
2074:
498:Because of the removal of
320:
18:
1992:
1921:
1893:
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1721:
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1497:
1446:
1365:
1329:
1263:
1152:
1111:
1001:
964:
936:
607:Ralf Brown (1994-01-08).
515:Support outside Microsoft
91:
75:
57:
41:
33:
2038:Compression file systems
877:Mapping DOS FAT to MDFAT
494:DriveSpace in Windows Me
483:DriveSpace in Windows 98
458:DriveSpace in Windows 95
16:Disk compression utility
740:. 0.9.2.0. 1998-11-19.
431:regarding demonstrated
965:File system navigation
402:
381:DriveSpace running on
161:
116:utility supplied with
37:DoubleSpace (DBLSPACE)
2007:Windows Support Tools
2002:Environment variables
435:, Microsoft released
380:
187:product developed by
151:
29:DriveSpace (DRVSPACE)
1997:List of DOS commands
1895:Software development
1722:Maintenance and care
872:DoubleSpace Overview
794:Cooper, Jim (2001).
475:that was available.
239:improve this section
108:(initially known as
738:"DMSDOS CVF module"
693:HelpWithWindows.com
689:"Windows 98, FAT32"
473:conventional memory
433:patent infringement
279:conventional memory
30:
951:Windows PowerShell
565:Schulman, Andrew;
403:
285:Bugs and data loss
162:
28:
2015:
2014:
343:Upper Memory Area
275:
274:
267:
103:
102:
2065:
2033:Data compression
2028:Windows commands
1366:User environment
956:Recovery Console
916:
909:
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838:
813:
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766:. Archived from
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709:
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672:. Archived from
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653:. Archived from
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625:
619:
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615:
604:
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429:Stac Electronics
417:memory footprint
400: Used space
399:
394: Free space
393:
270:
263:
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211:
201:Stac Electronics
114:disk compression
77:Operating system
71:
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27:
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2018:
2017:
2016:
2011:
1988:
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1858:Boot management
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1153:Disk management
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1107:
1002:File management
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788:Further reading
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347:Extended Memory
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58:Initial release
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2043:DOS technology
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946:Command Prompt
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930:shell builtins
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843:External links
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834:978-1565924864
833:
814:
809:978-0789725738
808:
800:Que Publishing
789:
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715:. 2005-03-18.
704:
679:
676:on 2005-02-19.
660:
657:on 2008-06-19.
641:
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577:Addison Wesley
567:Brown, Ralf D.
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373:Later versions
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132:, but use for
120:starting from
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1922:Miscellaneous
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22:
926:command-line
819:
795:
772:. Retrieved
768:the original
757:
746:. Retrieved
732:
721:. Retrieved
707:
696:. Retrieved
692:
682:
674:the original
663:
655:the original
644:
633:
623:
612:. Retrieved
598:. Retrieved
571:
535:Novell DOS 7
524:
519:
518:
509:
497:
486:
477:
461:
451:
446:
426:
409:
368:
364:
360:floppy disks
351:conventional
324:
315:
311:
306:
300:
296:
288:
276:
261:
255:October 2009
252:
237:Please help
225:
198:
182:
171:
163:
134:floppy disks
109:
105:
104:
43:Developer(s)
25:
1774:pnpunattend
1744:eventcreate
1739:driverquery
1698:ssh-keyscan
941:COMMAND.COM
543:DR-DOS 7.02
529:, later on
448:MS-DOS 6.22
443:MS-DOS 6.22
437:MS-DOS 6.21
423:MS-DOS 6.21
383:Windows 3.1
335:Intel 80386
307:DoubleGuard
174:DR DOS
158:Windows 3.1
140:and later.
130:hard drives
122:version 6.0
110:DoubleSpace
34:Other names
2053:Windows 98
2048:Windows 95
2022:Categories
1804:systeminfo
1693:ssh-keygen
1581:Networking
1225:manage-bde
1195:diskshadow
774:2009-03-29
748:2016-11-01
723:2016-05-25
698:2024-03-30
614:2019-08-04
600:2019-08-04
549:References
504:Windows Me
488:Windows 98
463:Windows 95
452:DriveSpace
406:MS-DOS 6.2
387:Portuguese
337:or higher
292:MS-DOS 6.2
194:CONFIG.SYS
185:DoubleDisk
138:Windows XP
126:Windows Me
106:DriveSpace
86:Windows 9x
1979:tpmvscmgr
1688:ssh-agent
1593:bitsadmin
1499:Scripting
1264:Processes
1112:Archiving
1066:openfiles
863:. 1993 .
861:Microsoft
635:InfoWorld
527:SuperStor
500:real mode
303:real mode
226:does not
189:Vertisoft
180:in 1991.
52:Microsoft
48:Vertisoft
1954:gpupdate
1949:gpresult
1875:bootsect
1834:wevtutil
1814:typeperf
1809:tracerpt
1799:sxstrace
1784:REAgentC
1769:ntbackup
1734:dispdiag
1729:auditpol
1643:PathPing
1638:nslookup
1613:ipconfig
1608:hostname
1537:forfiles
1388:graftabl
1357:regsvr32
1330:Registry
1321:tasklist
1316:taskkill
1306:shutdown
1301:schtasks
1286:powercfg
1255:vssadmin
1240:scandisk
1230:refsutil
1200:drvspace
1190:diskraid
1185:diskpart
1180:diskcopy
1175:diskcomp
1124:extrac32
1093:robocopy
1078:(rename)
865:Archived
825:O'Reilly
742:Archived
717:Archived
412:SCANDISK
154:MS-DOS 6
144:Overview
1974:tpmtool
1908:exe2bin
1880:fixboot
1870:bootcfg
1865:bcdedit
1839:winmgmt
1829:wecutil
1824:WBAdmin
1779:pnputil
1764:msiexec
1759:mofcomp
1703:tracert
1683:ssh-add
1653:rpcping
1633:netstat
1618:nbtstat
1572:timeout
1517:cscript
1479:findstr
1165:convert
1134:makecab
1129:extract
1098:takeown
1082:replace
1071:recover
1040:deltree
1036:(erase)
1024:compact
974:(chdir)
923:Windows
531:Stacker
321:Add-ons
247:removed
232:sources
196:file).
112:) is a
98:Command
66: (
1969:pentnt
1964:MSCDEX
1913:QBasic
1885:fixmbr
1844:winsat
1754:logman
1668:setspn
1603:getmac
1562:prompt
1522:doskey
1507:choice
1438:whoami
1408:setver
1378:cmdkey
1352:regini
1215:fsutil
1210:format
1170:defrag
1160:chkdsk
1119:expand
1056:mklink
1045:icacls
1019:cipher
1009:attrib
831:
806:
583:
520:DMSDOS
398:
392:
331:32-bit
118:MS-DOS
82:MS-DOS
1944:dpath
1929:break
1903:debug
1819:w32tm
1789:relog
1713:winrs
1708:winrm
1658:route
1628:netsh
1557:pause
1484:print
1464:edlin
1433:where
1423:title
1342:ftype
1337:assoc
1311:start
1291:runas
1235:subst
1220:label
1205:fdisk
1103:xcopy
1087:rmdir
1050:mkdir
1014:cacls
988:pushd
638:: 20.
355:upper
166:drive
1959:help
1939:dism
1849:wmic
1673:sftp
1648:ping
1598:curl
1552:more
1542:goto
1527:echo
1512:clip
1489:type
1474:find
1459:edit
1454:comp
1418:time
1413:setx
1398:path
1393:mode
1383:date
1373:chcp
1281:kill
1276:exit
1089:(rd)
1061:move
1052:(md)
1029:copy
993:tree
983:popd
829:ISBN
804:ISBN
581:ISBN
539:DPMS
353:and
230:any
228:cite
93:Type
68:1993
61:1993
1984:wsl
1934:cls
1794:sfc
1678:ssh
1663:scp
1623:net
1588:arp
1567:rem
1532:for
1428:ver
1403:set
1347:reg
1250:vol
1245:sys
1144:tar
1139:pax
1076:ren
1034:del
978:dir
855:ARJ
605:--
591:--
533:),
339:CPU
241:by
178:6.0
2024::
1547:if
1469:fc
1296:sc
1271:at
972:cd
859:.
827:.
823:.
802:.
798:.
691:.
632:.
579:.
557:^
385:,
294:.
84:,
50:,
915:e
908:t
901:v
857:)
853:(
837:.
812:.
777:.
751:.
726:.
701:.
617:.
603:.
589:.
268:)
262:(
257:)
253:(
249:.
235:.
70:)
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
