17:
572:ΠΡΠ° ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ° ΠΠΎΡΠΊΠ²Π° ΡΠ°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ, ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²Π°Ρ ΠΈΠ· Π½ΠΈΡ
Π½Π°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΠΈΡΠ°ΠΉ-Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Π½Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π° ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΏΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠΉ. Π ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π° Π½Π°Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π·Π²ΡΡΠ°ΠΉΠ½ΠΎ ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²Ρ, ΠΊΡΡΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ»ΡΠΌΠΈ Π±Π»Π΅ΡΡΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ Π½Π°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ ΠΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠΌ. Π ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ²ΠΈ Π΅ΠΆΠ΅Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎ, Π² ΠΠ΅ΡΠ±Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΠΎΡΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅, Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠ½ΡΠ·Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ΅Π½ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ»Π°, Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΠ· ΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π΅Π΄Π΅Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ°ΡΡ
, ΠΎΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ²ΠΈ ΠΠ΅Π²Ρ ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π΄ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ²ΠΈ ΠΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠΌΠ°, ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄ ΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΡ. Π’ΡΡ ΠΆΠ΅ ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΌΡΠ΅ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠ½ΡΠΆΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅, Π΄Π²ΠΎΡΡΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²Π°...
324:
445:. In 1683 Ivan was sick and Peter led the donkey alone but in the next few years Ivan and Peter participated in the ritual together. As Ivan's health declined, Peter became the sole leader of the procession. After the death of his mother (January 25, 1694) he cancelled the procession; in fact, 1694 became the last year of Muscovite court ritual as it existed under the first Romanovs.
169:
One of the
Emperours noble men leadeth the horse by the head, but the Emperour himselfe goying on foote, leadeth the horse by the ends of the reine of his bridle with one of his handes, and in the other of his handes he had a braunch of a Palme tree: after this followed the rest of the Emperours
208:
which stands next to the citadel walls. Here is where the most illustrious princely, noble and merchant families live. Here is, also, the main muscovite marketplace: the trading square is built as a brick rectangle, with twenty lanes on each side where the merchants have their shops and
448:
Peter, who forced the church into submission to the state, needed no external shows of political harmony and formally abolished the ritual in 1697; instead, it was replaced with a mock drunk orgy of Peter's statesmen and minstrels.
250:
364:
acted for the
Patriarch during the 1659 donkey walk, causing Nikon's instant, unforgiving response. Nikon, still the head of Russian Orthodox Church, banished Pitirim from his seat and bitterly reprimanded
110:, projecting an image (not necessarily true) of harmony in politics. Similar rituals in other cities existed until 1678 until Moscow monopolized the ritual. The tradition was abolished by
149:
took place in 1558, when
Trinity Cathedral was under construction. After the completion of Trinity Cathedral in 1561 the processions terminated at its western sanctuary (dedicated to the
245:
188:, is encircled with a solid thick wall. It contains an extraordinary beautiful church, all clad in shiny bright gems, called Jerusalem. It is the destination of an annual
426:, the eldest surviving son of Alexis, was too weak to attend the ceremonies of 1676 and 1677. By 1678 he recovered and participated in that year's donkey walk along with
388:, who attended the 1636 procession, the direction of the donkey walk has already been changed by that time. Olearius left an account of the procession starting at
400:
of the
Kremlin. The procession was led by a wagon carrying "a beautiful tree whose branches are hung with apples and various other treats" and six boys singing
932:
831:
805:
Pamyatniku arhitektury Moskvy. Kremlin, Kitai Gorod, tsentralnye ploschadi (ΠΠ°ΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π°ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΠΠΎΡΠΊΠ²Ρ. ΠΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ»Ρ, ΠΠΈΡΠ°ΠΉ-Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄, ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈ)
64:
296:
mocked and abused the ritual in his 1570 campaign against the
Novgorod clergy. After looting the churches of Novgorod, Ivan demoted the
985:
381:
by Nikon although the retired patriarch's rage had little effect in real politics and
Pitirim remained at the helm of the church.
161:", emerged only in the 18th century). Western visitors left descriptions of the procession as it played out before the 1598-1613
980:
225:
Temple of Holy
Trinity, also called Jerusalem, to where the tsar leads the Patriarch, sitting on a donkey, on the Palm Holiday.
377:
of Christ himself, a deed and burden that only the Head of Church may bear. Pitirim repeated his act in 1661 and 1662 and was
891:
870:
848:
790:
769:
469:
officially debuted the tradition on Palm Sunday 2014 with the civil and
Orthodox leaders of the city in the leading roles.
728:
223:
Templum S. Trinitatis, etiam
Hierusalem dicitur; ad quo Palmarum fest Patriarcha asino insidens a Caesare introducitur.
975:
946:
913:
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142:
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to have attended most of the ceremonies of his short reign until failing to take part in the donkey walk of 1681.
406:. Similar processions, without the tree, were also held on the day of enthronement of the Patriarch in Moscow and
970:
965:
990:
574:- Petreius, pp. 159-160. Petreius visited Moscow in 1601-1605 and described the city as it existed before the
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263:
201:
397:
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158:
91:
458:
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145:, imported the custom into Moscow. The first attested donkey walk attended by Macarius and by Tsar
99:
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of the bishops in other cities, but in 1678 donkey walks outside of Moscow were prohibited by the
274:. For these processions the Kremlin itself became an open-air temple, properly oriented from its "
724:
107:
45:
551:
193:
134:
824:
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were the two most important
Russian court ceremonies, emphasizing the tsar's respect for the
461:, with key roles being played by the Archbishop of Rostov and Yaroslavl and the governor of
423:
150:
936:
704:"Vozrozhdaetsya traditsia shestvia na osliati (ΠΠΎΠ·ΡΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΡ "ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈ")"
554:, used by Petreius, had been in disuse for nearly seventy years, replaced by the style of
352:
allegory of Jerusalem). Nikon's voluntary retirement in 1658 vacated the Patriarch's seat
16:
8:
361:
68:
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of spirit". He wrote that for him riding the donkey was a fearful act of being a living
812:
366:
315:'s garb, to marry there and to lead the life of a skomorokh until the end of his days.
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but in reality only a platform for public announcements) and proceeding into the
333:
178:, The Principall Navigations Voiages and Discoveries of the English Nation, 1589.
175:
95:
901:
782:
Russian Church Singing: History from the origins to the mid-seventeenth century
214:
184:
The capital city, Moscow, is split into three parts; the first of them, called
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959:
906:
History of the Great Duchy of Moscow (ΠΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡ ΠΎ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠ½ΡΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ)
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389:
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Semiotika istorii. Semiotika kultury (Π‘Π΅ΠΌΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ. Π‘Π΅ΠΌΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΡ)
52:
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In the first half of the 16th century the ritual, of either Western or
735:Π ΠΠ΅ΡΠ±Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΡΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅ Π² Π‘Π°Π½ΠΊΡ-ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ±ΡΡΠ³Π΅ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Β«ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΒ»
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340:, reversed the order of the donkey walk; since 1656 it began at
928:, in 1620; translated to Russian in 1847 by Mikhail Shemyakin).
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After Fyodor's death the throne passed to co-rulers, brothers
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Noble men and Gentlemen, with a great number of other people
117:
Donkey walks have been occasionally recreated in the 2000s.
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and ended at Trinity Cathedral, popularly known simply as
98:
reversed the order of procession. The donkey walk and the
59:. The best known historical donkey walk was practised in
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of the period began, as described by Petreius, from the
761:Peter the Great: the struggle for power, 1671-1725
858:
757:
957:
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779:Gardner, Johann von; Morosan, Vladimir (2000).
86:From 1561 to 1655 the donkey walk began in the
920:(Original book written in 1615 and printed in
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879:
217:, History of the Great Duchy of Moscow, 1620
457:The ritual was resurrected in the 2000s in
417:
830:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
90:and terminated at Trinity Cathedral (now
841:Moskva - trety Rim (ΠΠΎΡΠΊΠ²Π° - ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΉ Π ΠΈΠΌ)
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153:); the cathedral itself became known as
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839:Kudryavtsev, Mikhail Petrovich (2008).
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587:Komech, Pluzhnikov, graphic supplement.
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855:(second edition; first edition: 1991)
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532:) did not exist in Russia until 1721.
348:) and terminated in the Kremlin (the
42:Ρ
ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈ, ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈ
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908:(in Russian). Rita Print, Moscow.
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311:backwards, to ride to Moscow in a
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200:carrying the Patriarch, from the
986:1694 disestablishments in Europe
785:. St Vladimir's Seminary Press.
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143:Macarius, Metropolitan of Moscow
941:(in Russian). Gnozis (Moscow).
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300:of Novgorod and ordered him, a
83:humbly led the donkey on foot.
886:. Cambridge University Press.
764:. Cambridge University Press.
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384:According to a description by
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883:Ritual in early modern Europe
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246:Mikhail Petrovich Kudryavtsev
237:, 1597, as reproduced in the
706:(in Russian). April 21, 2008
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282:) in the west, through the
268:St. Frol's (Saviour's) Gate
157:(the current popular name "
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859:Madariaga, Isabel (2006).
758:Bushkovitch, Paul (2001).
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649:Gardner and Moosan, p. 327
637:Gardner and Moosan, p. 326
329:Dutch print, 17th century.
63:from 1558 until 1693. The
865:. Yale University Press.
571:
541:As cited in Muir, p. 252.
41:
976:Eastern Orthodox liturgy
807:(in Russian). Iskusstvo.
100:Great Blessing of Waters
75:Jesus Christ, rode on a
20:The donkey walk of tsar
843:(in Russian). Troitsa.
608:Madariaga, pp. 246-247.
418:Demise of the tradition
159:Saint Basil's Cathedral
108:Eastern Orthodox Church
92:Saint Basil's Cathedral
51:ritual re-enactment of
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966:16th century in Moscow
552:Grand Prince of Moscow
528:The style of Emperor (
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286:(Saviour's Gate), to "
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141:played the key roles.
135:Archbishop of Novgorod
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991:Christian terminology
880:Muir, Edward (2005).
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369:as an accomplice in "
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202:church of Virgin Mary
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121:Contemporary accounts
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392:(incorrectly called
151:Entry into Jerusalem
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672:Bushkovitch, p. 118
663:Bushkovitch, p. 112
422:Feeble-bodied tsar
362:Pitirim of Krutitsy
264:Dormition Cathedral
206:church of Jerusalem
129:origin, emerged in
69:Patriarch of Moscow
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599:Kudryavtsev, p. 85
501:Bushkovitch, p. 21
367:Alexis I of Russia
336:, among his other
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26:Vyacheslav Schwarz
893:978-0-521-84153-5
872:978-0-300-11973-2
862:Ivan the Terrible
850:978-5-85482-008-0
792:978-0-88141-046-4
771:978-0-521-80585-8
479:History of Moscow
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294:Ivan the Terrible
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53:Jesus Christ
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371:promiscuity
255:noted that
249: [
239:Bleau Atlas
190:Palm Sunday
186:Kitai-gorod
49:Palm Sunday
34:donkey walk
960:Categories
710:2009-02-28
490:References
408:ordination
298:archbishop
209:cellars...
67:and later
813:cite book
530:Imperator
313:skomorokh
288:sanctuary
272:Jerusalem
155:Jerusalem
139:namestnik
127:Byzantine
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