371:
311:
351:
331:
291:
255:
239:
145:
275:
430:
391:
407:
37:
675:
219:. By relating to the ancient masters' style, artists are to create a place for themselves within the tradition, not by mere imitation, but by extending and even surpassing the art of the past. Dong's theories, combining veneration of past masters with a creative forward looking spark, would be very influential on
223:
artists as well as collectors, "especially some of the newly rich collectors of
Sungchiang, Huichou in Southern Anhui, Yangchou, and other places where wealth was concentrated in this period". Together with other early self-appointed arbiters of taste known as the Nine Friends, he helped determine
159:
His positions in the bureaucracy were not without controversy. In 1605 he was giving the exam when the candidates demonstrated against him causing his temporary retirement. In other cases he insulted and beat women who came to his home with grievances. That led to his house being burned down by an
206:
thought rather than geographic areas (hence a
Northern painter could be geographically from the south and a Southern painter geographically from the north). He strongly favored the Southern school and dismissed the Northern school as superficial or merely decorative. Maintaining that the Northern
201:
In his art theoretical writings, Dong developed the theory that
Chinese painting could be divided into two schools: the "Northern" school, characterized by fine lines and colors, and the "Southern", school noted for its quick calligraphic strokes, as first suggested to him by his friend and older
120:
and won a coveted spot at the prefectural
Government school. He first took the imperial civil service exam at seventeen, but placed second to a cousin because his calligraphy was clumsy. This led him to train until he became a noted calligrapher. Once this occurred, he rose up the ranks of the
370:
210:
His ideal of
Southern school painting was one where the artist forms a new style of individualistic painting by building on and transforming the style of traditional masters. This was to correspond with sudden enlightenment, as favored by Southern Chan Buddhism. He was a great admirer of
224:
which painters were to be considered collectible (or not). As Cahill points out, such men were the forerunners of today's art historians. His classifications were quite perceptive and he is credited with being "the first art historian to do more than list and grade artists."
350:
310:
330:
290:
254:
180:
His work favored expression over formal likeness. He also avoided anything he deemed to be slick or sentimental. This led him to create landscapes with intentionally distorted spatial features. Still his work was in no way
238:
406:
274:
429:
662:
716:
711:
631:
736:
668:
609:
390:
604:
680:
726:
751:
117:
625:
144:
686:
190:
207:
school realized truth gradually, while the
Southern school intuitively brought the actualization of such insight.
746:
741:
731:
721:
598:
381:
134:
202:
contemporary Mo
Shilong. These names are misleading as they refer to Northern and Southern schools of
121:
imperial service passing the highest level at the age of 35. He rose to an official position with the
164:. He also had the tense relations with the eunuchs common to the scholar bureaucracy. Dong's tomb in
265:
650:
440:
416:
29:
656:
636:
245:
152:
116:), the son of a teacher and somewhat precocious as a child. At 12, he passed the prefectural
706:
701:
597:
593:
8:
169:
516:
165:
621:
122:
109:
492:
172:, and his body dressed in official Ming court robes, was desecrated by Red Guards.
48:
565:
468:
361:
341:
321:
301:
24:
66:
669:
The
Biography of Dong Qichang and his Achievements in Calligraphy and Painting
36:
695:
203:
126:
78:
193:. His views on expression had importance to later "individualist" painters.
220:
186:
182:
138:
97:
20:
493:"Dong Qichang | Chinese Landscape Painter & Calligrapher | Britannica"
554:
The
Painter's Practice: How Artists Lived and Worked in Traditional China
130:
85:
93:
125:. Qichang's calligraphy drew inspiration from prominent calligraphers
161:
543:
Catalogue 1981, International
Cultural Corporation of Australia Ltd.
244:
Dong Qichang, calligraphy of cursive and semi-cursive style, 1603.
113:
89:
444:
420:
216:
56:
681:
Landscapes Clear and Radiant: The Art of Wang Hui (1632–1717)
212:
674:
Paintings at the site of the Museum of Fine Arts Boston's
103:
415:(葑泾访古图), ink on paper, height 80 cm, width 29.8 cm,
589:. Hong Kong University Press, 2016. p. 26-40.
556:. New York: Columbia University Press, 1994, p. 11
360:, dated 1620. Album of eight leaves, leaf seven.
262:The Qingbian Mountains in the Manner of Tung Yuan
693:
541:Chinese Paintings of the Ming and Qing Dynasties
380:, dated 1621-24. Album of ten leaves, leaf two.
340:, dated 1620. Album of eight leaves, leaf five.
320:, dated 1620. Album of eight leaves, leaf four.
620:(pages 106 and 109), Todtri Productions, 1997.
300:, dated 1620. Album of eight leaves, leaf one.
84:(玄宰); 1555–1636), was a Chinese art theorist,
683:, catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art
284:(婉娈草堂图), 1597. Private collection, Taipei.
16:Chinese painter and politician (1555–1636)
610:United States Government Printing Office
143:
35:
378:Landscapes in the Manner of Old Masters
71:
694:
592:
605:Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period
570:Biographical Encyclopedia of Artists
487:
485:
483:
481:
473:Biographical Encyclopedia of Artists
651:Calligraphy Gallery of Dong Qichang
13:
717:17th-century Chinese calligraphers
712:16th-century Chinese calligraphers
118:Civil service entrance examination
104:Life as a scholar and calligrapher
14:
763:
737:Ming dynasty government officials
644:
587:The Classical Gardens of Shanghai
572:, v.4 (Facts on File, 2005): 683.
478:
475:, v.4 (Facts on File, 2005): 682.
185:as it took elements from earlier
657:Painting Gallery of Dong Qichang
539:Edmund Capon and Mae Anna Pang,
428:
405:
389:
369:
349:
329:
309:
289:
273:
253:
237:
191:Four Masters of the Yuan Dynasty
559:
546:
533:
517:"Landscapes after Old Masters"
509:
462:
437:Tree in Summer with the Shadow
61:
1:
455:
196:
108:Dong Qichang was a native of
7:
687:WWU article on Dong Qichang
663:Calligraphy by Dong Qichang
618:Masterpieces of Chinese Art
616:Rhonda and Jeffrey Cooper,
413:Seeking Ancient in Fengjing
382:Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art
358:Eight Views of Autumn Moods
338:Eight Views of Autumn Moods
318:Eight Views of Autumn Moods
298:Eight Views of Autumn Moods
189:masters, specifically, the
96:of the later period of the
10:
768:
727:Ming dynasty calligraphers
579:
227:
175:
168:was vandalized during the
149:Landscape with Calligraphy
133:and of the masters of the
18:
752:Politicians from Shanghai
52:
599:"Tung Ch'i-ch'ang"
40:Portrait of Dong Qichang
266:Cleveland Museum of Art
112:(located in modern-day
747:Painters from Shanghai
659:at China Online Museum
653:at China Online Museum
441:National Palace Museum
417:National Palace Museum
156:
41:
742:Ming dynasty scholars
732:Ming dynasty painters
722:Chinese art theorists
637:Encyclopedia of China
594:Hummel, Arthur W. Sr.
400:. Private collection.
282:Wanluan Thatched Hall
246:Tokyo National Museum
153:Tokyo National Museum
147:
39:
170:Cultural Revolution
497:www.britannica.com
166:Songjiang District
157:
42:
676:online collection
521:www.metmuseum.org
123:Ministry of Rites
759:
613:
601:
585:Bryant, Shelly,
573:
563:
557:
550:
544:
537:
531:
530:
528:
527:
513:
507:
506:
504:
503:
489:
476:
466:
432:
409:
398:Autumn Landscape
393:
373:
353:
333:
313:
293:
277:
257:
241:
75:
73:Tung Ch'i-ch'ang
63:
54:
767:
766:
762:
761:
760:
758:
757:
756:
692:
691:
647:
582:
577:
576:
566:Lawrence Gowing
564:
560:
551:
547:
538:
534:
525:
523:
515:
514:
510:
501:
499:
491:
490:
479:
469:Lawrence Gowing
467:
463:
458:
453:
452:
451:
448:
433:
424:
410:
401:
394:
385:
374:
365:
362:Shanghai Museum
354:
345:
342:Shanghai Museum
334:
325:
322:Shanghai Museum
314:
305:
302:Shanghai Museum
294:
285:
278:
269:
258:
249:
242:
230:
199:
178:
106:
34:
17:
12:
11:
5:
765:
755:
754:
749:
744:
739:
734:
729:
724:
719:
714:
709:
704:
690:
689:
684:
678:
672:
666:
660:
654:
646:
645:External links
643:
642:
641:
632:"Dong Qichang"
628:
614:
596:, ed. (1943).
590:
581:
578:
575:
574:
558:
552:James Cahill,
545:
532:
508:
477:
460:
459:
457:
454:
450:
449:
435:Dong Qichang,
434:
427:
425:
411:
404:
402:
396:Dong Qichang,
395:
388:
386:
376:Dong Qichang,
375:
368:
366:
356:Dong Qichang,
355:
348:
346:
336:Dong Qichang,
335:
328:
326:
316:Dong Qichang,
315:
308:
306:
296:Dong Qichang,
295:
288:
286:
280:Dong Qichang,
279:
272:
270:
264:, dated 1617.
260:Dong Qichang,
259:
252:
250:
243:
236:
233:
232:
231:
229:
226:
198:
195:
177:
174:
105:
102:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
764:
753:
750:
748:
745:
743:
740:
738:
735:
733:
730:
728:
725:
723:
720:
718:
715:
713:
710:
708:
705:
703:
700:
699:
697:
688:
685:
682:
679:
677:
673:
670:
667:
664:
661:
658:
655:
652:
649:
648:
639:
638:
633:
630:Xiao, Yanyi,
629:
627:
626:1-57717-060-1
623:
619:
615:
611:
607:
606:
600:
595:
591:
588:
584:
583:
571:
567:
562:
555:
549:
542:
536:
522:
518:
512:
498:
494:
488:
486:
484:
482:
474:
470:
465:
461:
446:
442:
438:
431:
426:
422:
418:
414:
408:
403:
399:
392:
387:
383:
379:
372:
367:
363:
359:
352:
347:
343:
339:
332:
327:
323:
319:
312:
307:
303:
299:
292:
287:
283:
276:
271:
267:
263:
256:
251:
247:
240:
235:
234:
225:
222:
218:
214:
208:
205:
204:Chan Buddhism
194:
192:
188:
184:
173:
171:
167:
163:
154:
150:
146:
142:
140:
136:
132:
128:
127:Wen Zhengming
124:
119:
115:
111:
101:
99:
95:
91:
87:
83:
80:
79:courtesy name
76:
74:
68:
64:
58:
50:
46:
38:
32:
31:
26:
22:
671:at MildChina
665:at Chinapage
635:
617:
603:
586:
569:
561:
553:
548:
540:
535:
524:. Retrieved
520:
511:
500:. Retrieved
496:
472:
464:
436:
412:
397:
377:
357:
337:
317:
297:
281:
261:
221:Qing dynasty
209:
200:
179:
158:
148:
107:
98:Ming dynasty
86:calligrapher
81:
72:
70:
62:Dǒng Qíchāng
60:
45:Dong Qichang
44:
43:
28:
21:Chinese name
707:1636 deaths
702:1555 births
141:dynasties.
131:Zhao Mengfu
25:family name
696:Categories
526:2023-01-11
502:2023-11-22
456:References
197:Art theory
94:politician
67:Wade–Giles
640:, 1st ed.
162:angry mob
183:abstract
114:Shanghai
110:Hua Ting
19:In this
580:Sources
568:, ed.,
471:, ed.,
228:Gallery
176:Painter
90:painter
82:Xuanzai
49:Chinese
624:
445:Taipei
421:Taipei
217:Ni Zan
92:, and
69::
59::
57:pinyin
51::
23:, the
213:Mi Fu
622:ISBN
215:and
187:Yuan
139:Tang
137:and
129:and
30:Dong
135:Jin
53:董其昌
27:is
698::
634:.
608:.
602:.
519:.
495:.
480:^
443:,
439:,
419:,
151:,
100:.
88:,
77:;
65:;
55:;
612:.
529:.
505:.
447:.
423:.
384:.
364:.
344:.
324:.
304:.
268:.
248:.
155:.
47:(
33:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
.jpg)