1642:. The IAF was able to conduct a wide range of missions – troop support; air combat; deep penetration strikes; para-dropping behind enemy lines; feints to draw enemy fighters away from the actual target; bombing; and reconnaissance. In contrast, the Pakistan Air Force, which was solely focused on air combat, was blown out of the subcontinent's skies within the first week of the war. Those PAF aircraft that survived took refuge at Iranian air bases or in concrete bunkers, refusing to offer a fight. Hostilities officially ended at 14:30 GMT on December 17, after the fall of Dacca on December 15. India claimed large gains of territory in West Pakistan (although pre-war boundaries were recognised after the war), and the independence of Pakistan's East wing as Bangladesh was confirmed. The IAF had flown over 16,000 sorties on both East and West fronts; including sorties by transport aircraft and helicopters. while the PAF flew about 30 and 2,840. More than 80 percent of the IAF's sorties were close-support and interdiction, and according to neutral assessments about 45 IAF aircraft were lost while,
994:, in June 1942, for the test of his theory. Although outnumbered, he found that a Zero would lock onto the tail of one of the fighters. In response, the two planes would turn toward each other, with one plane's path crossing in front of the other. More importantly, the pursuer would have to follow that path to maintain pursuit, also crossing in front of the American plane's sights. Thus, when the Zero followed its original target through the turn it would come into a position to be fired on by the target's wingman, and the predator would become the prey. His tactic proved to be effective and was soon adopted by other squadrons. The Thach Weave helped make up for the inferiority of the US planes in maneuverability and numbers, until new aircraft could be brought into service. This tactic later morphed into the more fluid and versatile "loose-deuce maneuvering" that was to prove useful in the Vietnam war.
1528:
claimed to have destroyed 73 enemy aircraft and lost 35 of its own while
Pakistan claimed to have destroyed 104 aircraft against its own losses of 19. Despite the intense fighting, India was able to shoot down around 18 PAF jets while losing 14 jets. Neutral sources mention India losing 75 and Pakistan lost 20 jets. In the first stage of War, 4 Indian Vampire Fighters were shot down by PAF F-86s on 1 September, while from Indian side, Indian Sqn. Ldr. Trevor Keeler with his Gnat took the first hit on 3 September 1965 by downing a Pakistani F-86 which got crashed in an uncontrollable dive. IAF Flt. Lt.V S Pathania took the first kill by his Gnat on 4 September 1965 by downing the Pakistani F-86 of Flt. Lt Bhatt who escaped to safe territory by parachute. PAF Sqn. Ldr.
42:
712:
225:
1740:. The Argentinians were also handicapped by the long distance from mainland airfields and a lack of refueling tankers. Neither side was ready for war, but both prepared all through April as diplomacy failed. The fighting started on May 1, and was to become the largest naval and air conflict since World War II. By the end of the war, Argentina lost 20 fighters in dogfights, while Britain lost two Sea Harrier to ground fire. The Americans supplied late model Sidewinder missiles to the British; this and the analysis of French Mirage combat tactics made the difference. As of March 2019
1198:
906:
1083:
139:
4164:
1486:
503:
1848:. Many dogfights occurred during the short conflict, often involving many planes. By the end of January, 1991, the term "furball" became a popular word to describe the hectic situation of many dogfights, occurring at the same time within the same relatively small airspace. By the end of the war, the U.S. claimed 39 Iraqi aircraft in air-to-air victories to the loss of only one F/A-18. Of the 39 victories, 36 were taken by
4006:
975:". Thach reasoned that, because the Zero had fabric wing-covers that tended to "balloon" at speeds above 295 mph, which made the plane very hard to turn, he could use high speed and a formation of four planes, consisting of two pairs of aircraft, flying line-abreast (side by side at the same altitude). Keeping the leader of each pair in close formation with their
979:, the pairs could fly about 200 feet (61 m) apart (the turn radius of the Wildcat) and adopt a weaving formation when either or both pairs fell under attack by Japanese fighters, allowing each pair to evade the attack while at the same time covering the other pair. Thach made a diagram of the idea and showed it to other pilots, but in trial-runs people like
790:, sensing that I was inside him on the turn, slunk into a nearby cloud. Straightening my plane, I climbed over the top of the bank, and poised on the other side, waiting for him to appear. But the 109 did not appear, and not wishing to tempt the gods of fate further, I pushed my stick forward, entered the protective cover of the clouds, and headed home.
1647:
9,000 killed and 25,000 wounded while India lost 3,000 dead and 12,000 wounded. The loss of armoured vehicles was similarly imbalanced. This represented a major defeat for
Pakistan. Towards the end of the war, IAF's transport planes dropped leaflets over Dhaka urging the Pakistani forces to surrender, demoralising Pakistani troops in East Pakistan.
115:
897:. Despite being much lower in power and speed than the Japanese planes, the Chinese planes were much more maneuverable, and many dogfights ensued, resulting in high losses reported on both sides. Reports of dogfights that made it to the U.S. military provided valuable insight into the Japanese tactics and their plane's flight characteristics.
1532:, became highest flying ace by 5 confirmed and 4 probable kills. PAF Sqn. Ldr. Sarfraz Rafiqui who shot down 3 and Flt. Lt. Yunus were shot down in Halwara, Indian air base by fresh pilots with IAF Hawker Hunter Mk. 56. One Indian Gnat landed in Pakistan airbase accidentally due low on fuel and disoriented, now exhibited as war trophy in
1393:
will turn and catch you; if you wait too late it will explode near enough to get you. What you do at the right moment is poke your nose down, go down as hard as you can, pull maybe three negative Gs at 550 knots and once it follows you down, you go up as hard as you can. It can't follow that and goes under.
547:
observation patrols had to be accompanied by armed escort aircraft. These special EEF patrols grew into squadrons, attacking hostile aircraft wherever they were found, either in the air or on the ground. However, the technically superior German aircraft shot down numbers of EEF aircraft during dog fights.
1646:
lost 75 aircraft. Not including any F-6s, Mirage IIIs, or the six
Jordanian F-104s which failed to return to their donors. But the imbalance in air losses was explained by the IAF's considerably higher sortie rate, and its emphasis on ground-attack missions. On the ground Pakistan suffered most, with
1586:
by the PAF against Indian Air Force installations in
Srinagar, Ambala, Sirsa, Halwara and Jodhpur. However, the IAF did not suffer significantly because the leadership had anticipated such a move and precautions were taken. The Indian Air Force was quick to respond to Pakistani air strikes, following
1356:
from their quad .50 caliber machine guns; this at a cost of 90 U.S. aircraft to NVAF MiGs. The USAF claimed 137 MiGs while the USN/USMC brought down 65 in air-to-air combat. From these figures, the USAF had 40 gun kills, and the USN claimed eight cannon victories. This number approached parity with
1341:
of the time, making "one pass, and then hauling ass", which was, in practice, quickly firing at their targets and then speeding away. By 1967 the
Soviets had supplied the NVAF with enough missile-firing MiG-21s to allow the North Vietnamese to routinely engage U.S. aircraft, and to rely less and less
1243:
By this time, dogfighting techniques had fallen out of favor in U.S. training doctrines, as missiles were considered to be all that was necessary to shoot down the big bombers expected to be deployed by the Soviet Union. As a result, air combat methods known by fighter pilots since World War I became
1168:
The
Chinese were very competent in a dogfight, and large swirling battles were fought in the skies over Korea. However, it was highly suspected by many U.S. pilots that some of the opponents they faced over Korea were in fact well-trained Soviet pilots, whom the Americans referred to as "hanchos", (a
299:
encountered an Austro-Hungarian plane while performing a reconnaissance mission over Austro-Hungarian positions. The Austro-Hungarian pilot initially waved, and Tomić reciprocated. The Austro-Hungarian pilot then fired at Tomić with his revolver. Tomić managed to escape, and within several weeks, all
1401:
If you know a MiG-21 is in your area or you lose sight of one and want to find it again: Roll out wings level for 15 seconds, then look in your 6 o'clock about 1.5 miles. It will be there. Probably you'll see Mach 2 Atoll (air-to-air missile) smoke trail first before you see the MiG. But remember
1392:
Here come the SAMs. The trick is seeing the launch. You can see the steam. It goes straight up, turns more level, then the booster drops off. If it maintains a relatively stable position, it's coming right for you and you're in trouble. You're eager to make a move but can't. If you dodge too fast it
1177:
Seeing one another about the same time, the MiG flight and my flight dropped tanks.. He was so low he was throwing up small rocks. I dropped down to get him, but to hit him I had to get down in his jet wash. He'd chop the throttle and throw out his speed brakes. I would coast up beside him, wingtip
1163:
Suddenly you go into a steep turn. Your mach drops off. The MiG turns with you, and you let him gradually creep up and outturn you. At the critical moment you reverse your turn. The hydraulic controls work beautifully. The MiG cannot turn as readily as you and is slung out to the side. When you pop
1778:); however, by the end of the war and partly due to embargos, the Iranian Air Force had lost its superiority due to their increasingly outdated equipment and the lack of spare parts for their US-made aircraft. Iraq, meanwhile, continued to introduce new French and Soviet weapons into its air force.
773:
over to the right and pulled back on the stick, striving to get him once more into my ring sight. The violent maneuver applied terrific G's to my body, and I started to black out as the blood rushed from my head. Fighting every second to overcome this blackness about me, I pulled back on the stick,
768:
Pulling up into his blind spot I watched his plane grow larger and larger in my sight. But this German pilot was not content to fly straight and level. Before I could open fire his plane slewed to the right, and seeing me on his tail, he jerked back on the stick into the only defensive maneuver his
1182:
The war in the air, however, eventually came to a stalemate as fighting ceased between the two factions. Later after the fall of the Soviet Union, Soviet records showed that
Russian pilots were indeed in the air. Sometimes in the fury of combat they reverted to the Russian language over the radio.
1073:
Enemy pilots were construed as weak and evil. For example, in World War II, describing the Soviet tactics, the
Luftwaffe claimed that, "The characteristic feature of the average Soviet fighter pilot were a tendency toward caution and reluctance instead of toughness and stamina, brute strength
849:
an opponent was still a common practice among the pilots of the Soviet Union. Another successful maneuver was a "Sokolinnyi udar" (falcon punch) when a pilot obtained a speed advantage by swooping down on an opponent, characteristically from the direction of the sun in order to hide their fighter
475:
When he had come down to about three hundred feet he tried to escape by flying in a zig-zag course during which, as is well known, it is difficult for an observer to shoot. That was my most favorable moment. I followed him at an altitude of from two hundred and fifty feet to one hundred and fifty
426:
began as lone hunters with FFA units, shooting unarmed spotter planes and other enemy aircraft out of the sky. During the first part of the war, there was no tactical doctrine of air-to-air combat. Oswald
Boelcke was the first to analyze the tactics of aerial warfare, resulting in a set of rules
1527:
in 1947. The war took place during the course of
September 1965 and saw both air forces conduct defensive and offensive operations over Indian and Pakistani airspace. The aerial war saw both sides conducting thousands of sorties in a single month. Both sides claimed victory in the air war; India
465:
First we circled twenty times to the left, and then thirty times to the right. Each tried to get behind and above the other. Soon I discovered that I was not meeting a beginner. He had not the slightest intention of breaking off the fight. He was traveling in a machine which turned beautifully.
210:. The story comes from Lamb himself. According to his own statements in an interview two decades later, both men had orders to kill, but neither pilot wanted to harm the other, so they exchanged multiple volleys of pistol fire, intentionally missing before exhausting their supply of ammunition.
1140:, using the same dive and shoot tactic that the Americans found so useful against Japan. The U.S. jets had inferior weaponry, and suffered from problems with production and parts. The U.S. resorted to using mainly the more maneuverable propeller driven fighters during the war, such as the
546:
forces holding established front lines grew, as associated supply dumps and lines of communications were developed. The need for information about these installations fuelled "intense rivalry in the air". Aerial reconnaissance patrols were regularly attacked, so all photography and artillery
1470:
was dominant in every conflict and in 1967 defeated the combined air forces of Egypt, Jordan and Syria. In dogfights the IAF often achieved kill ratios ranging from 10:1 to over 20:1, which is usually attributed to the far superior training of Israeli pilots and a technological advantage.
3230:
Trying to catch the Indian Air Force napping, Yahya Khan, launched a Pakistani version of Israel's 1967 air blitz in hopes that one quick blow would cripple India's far superior air power. But India was alert and Yahya's strategy of scattering his thin air force over a dozen air fields
845:, a triple of aircraft ("troika"), has been the main tactical unit used in battles since the beginning of World War II. The analysis and synthesis of fighting experience resulted in a conclusion that group tactics should have been rejected and replaced by action pairs. However,
1259:: intercepting bomber groups, and then shooting them down with air-to-air missiles. Neither party had a separate designation for interceptor, though: just "F" for fighter; "A" for attack; and "B" for bomber (for the NATO aircraft). With possibly a few exceptions, such as the
165:
between two or more opponents. The term gained popularity during World War II, although its first use in reference to air combat can be traced to the latter years of World War I. One of the first written uses of the word in that sense was in an account of the death of
1868:), five MiG-29s of the Yugoslav Air Force were shot down in dogfights with NATO aircraft. The first was on March 24, by a Dutch F-16AM Falcon, and two were downed on the same night by U.S. F-15s. A day later, two more MiG-29s were shot down by an F-16 and F-15.
120:
119:
116:
1005:, which consisted of diving upon the Zero, shooting in one high-speed pass, and using the speed to climb back above the fight to dive again. By 1943 the U.S. began to produce planes that were better matched against the Japanese planes, such as the Grumman
1843:
In the Gulf War of 1990–91, dogfighting once again proved its usefulness when the Coalition Air Force had to face off against the Iraqi Air Force, which at the time was the fifth largest in the world. By the second day of the war, the Coalition achieved
121:
559:
Airplane technology rapidly increased in sophistication after World War I. By 1936, dogfighting was thought to be a thing of the past, since aircraft were reaching top speeds of over 250 miles per hour (400 km/h). The experiences of the
1244:
all but lost as veterans from WWII and Korea retired and didn't pass them on to succeeding generations. American fighter pilots would meet in the skies in secret to engage in mock combat to try to maintain some level of proficiency. It wasn't until
247:
Dogfighting became widespread in World War I. Aircraft were initially used as mobile observation vehicles, and early pilots gave little thought to aerial combat. The new aeroplanes proved their worth by spotting the hidden German advance on
180:
in which the word was used in the modern sense: "A patrol of seven Australian machines on Saturday met about twenty of this circus at 12,000 feet. Ten of the enemy dived to attack our men. A regular dogfight ensued for half a minute."
1725:, which were small disputed dependencies. Because Britain had no military bases nearby and few aircraft carriers, the Argentinians did not expect a response from Britain. On April 5, the British sent carriers to the Falklands with
1346:, engagements between U.S. and NVAF jets became generally divided into two arenas; MiG-21s engaged at higher altitudes, while MiG-17s and MiG-19s would try to give battle at lower altitudes where their cannons were more effective.
854:, one of the greatest tacticians of the Soviet Air Force who showed his worth during World War II. His famous motto sounded as "Height, speed, maneuver, fire!". It became popular in the air armies and was adopted by pilots.
1178:
to wingtip. When it looked like I was going to overshoot him, I would roll over the top and come down on the other side of him. When I did, he'd go into a hard turn, pulling all the Gs he could. This guy was one fantastic pilot.
1223:
The Vietnam War "was the first 'modern' air war" in which air-to-air missiles were the primary weapons during aerial combat, and was the only confrontation between the latest aerial and ground defense technologies between the
118:
1109:
After World War II, the question began to rise about the future usefulness of fighter aircraft. This was especially true for the U.S., where the focus was placed on small, fast, long-range bombers capable of delivering
1380:
missiles, from an unknown number of launchings. At least three MiG-21s, and all of the MiG-17s and MiG-19s (J-6s) made the remaining 37 kills, from their 90 total, with their 23 mm, 30 mm and 37 mm cannons.
1155:. Chinese fighters were often seen spinning off out of control during a hard turn because the pilot had lost consciousness. Other technological advantages included the radar-ranging gunsight and hydraulic controls. Colonel
364:, the first synchronized, forward-firing fighter plane. On the evening of July 1, 1915, the very first aerial engagement by a fighter plane armed with a synchronized, forward-firing machine gun occurred just to the east of
550:
By the end of the war, the underpowered machines from just ten years prior had been transformed into fairly powerful, swift, and heavily armed fighter planes, and the basic tactics of dogfighting had been established.
347:
monoplane. He achieved three kills, but was forced down due to engine failure down behind enemy lines and captured before he could burn his plane to prevent it falling into enemy hands. The wreckage was brought to
2896:
Zaloga, Steven J. "The Russians in MiG Alley: The nationality of the "hancho" pilots is no longer a mystery. The Soviets now admit their part in the Korean War" Air Force Magazine, volume 74, issue 2, February
744:
was a major force during World War I, it was inadequate and poorly organized, and quickly fell to the German onslaught. As the first battles between the Germans and the British began, the power of the German's
413:
or "FFA", observation units of the German air service, consisted in 1914–15 of six two-seat observation aircraft each. Each unit was assigned to a particular German Army headquarters location, and had a single
1729:'Jump-jets' on board. The Harrier was originally designed as a ground-attack plane, and was not equipped for dogfighting, so the aircraft had to undergo many modifications and the pilots given extra training.
970:
being relatively slower and much less maneuverable than the Japanese planes. Using matchsticks on his kitchen table, he devised a defensive maneuver he called "beam defense position", but commonly called the
1336:
This triad defense system of GCI-controlled MiGs, Missiles (SAMs), and AAA enabled the North Vietnamese MiGs to utilize their aircraft's design capabilities as their designers had intended, that of, in the
1342:
on their aged MiG-17s, although many North Vietnamese pilots still preferred the MiG-17s agility and easy maintenance. With the arrival of the additional MiG-21s, and by 1969 MiG-19s (J-6s) imported from
3821:
1001:, which consisted of turning sharply across an attacker's flight path, which worked well in part because the large nose of the Zero tended to obstruct the pilot's view. Still another good tactic was a
3291:
3791:
Dar, Y. (2021, April 4). Powerful jets with one weakness: Pakistani JF-17 pilot recalls clash with Indian su-30mkis. Latest Asian, Middle-East, EurAsian, Indian News. Retrieved August 1, 2022, from
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2090:
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in May 1918: "The Baron joined the mêlée, which, scattering into groups, developed into what our men call a dog fight". On March 21, 1918, several British newspapers published an article by
1638:
on the eastern front, the ordnance factories, runways, and other vital areas of East Pakistan were severely damaged. By the time the Pakistani forces surrendered, the IAF had destroyed 94
621:
especially, there continued to be a strong belief that lightly armed, highly maneuverable single seat fighters would still play a primary role in air-to-air combat. Aircraft such as the
3600:
1809:. The Hinds proved faster and more robust, while the AH-1Js were more agile. The results of the skirmishes are disputed. There were also engagements between Iranian AH-1Js and Iraqi
117:
2264:
955:, a top speed over 330 mph (530 km/h), and could climb better than any fighter used by the U.S. at that time, although it was poorly armored compared to U.S. aircraft.
3735:
2209:
1388:
describes a typical encounter with surface-to-air missiles, which during a period of time in Vietnam was referred to as either a "MiG day" or a "Sam day", this was a Sam day.
487:
was one of a band of pilots who liked to fly solo and he developed 'stalking' tactics for going after enemy two-seaters. He even used his Lewis gun in its top-wing adjustable
761:
compiled a list of aerial combat rules that were widely taught to RAF pilots. The Bf 109 and the Spitfire were some of the most common fighters used in the European theater.
472:
The circles which we made around one another were so narrow that their diameter was probably no more than 250 or 300 feet. I had time to take a good look at my opponent....
3867:
57:
3493:
450:, large squadrons of fighters solely dedicated to destroying enemy aircraft, under the supervision of Boelcke. Pilots who shot down five or more fighters became known as
462:
I WAS extremely proud when, one fine day, I was informed that the airman whom I had brought down on the twenty- third of November, 1916, was the English Immelmann....
3454:
582:
at one's side. He advised that pairs of aircraft approaching a fight should increase the distance between them instead of holding tight formations, a precursor to the
194:
The first supposed instance of plane on plane combat and the first instance of one plane intercepting another during an aerial conflict apparently occurred during the
1271:
cannons, jets were not designed for dog fighting other jet aircraft. Soviet doctrine called for their interceptors to be strictly vectored towards their targets by
1384:
As part of the North Vietnamese triad system of defense, surface-to-air missiles (SAMs) had become an ever-increasing threat. U.S Air Force Brigadier General
483:
Despite the Germans' early lead in combat tactics and their 'Dicta Boelcke', the Allies were quick to adapt and develop their own tactics. The Royal Flying Corps'
352:, a Dutch designer who built aircraft for the Germans. Fokker decided that the wedges were much too risky, and improved the design by connecting the trigger of an
774:
further and further, so that the enemy would just show at the bottom of my ring sight to allow for the correct deflection. We were both flying in a tight circle.
514:
During 1916, aerial reconnaissance patrols were usually unaccompanied as there had been few if any aerial disputes between the belligerents. However, just as the
339:
onto an aircraft so that it could be fired forward, through the propeller, and aimed by pointing the nose of the aircraft directly at the enemy. French aviator
3805:
1794:
499:
emphasised mutual support and the advantages of attacking from height. Mannock expressed this in a list of aerial combat rules that were similar to Boelcke's.
1240:. Over the skies of North Vietnam, U.S. aircraft would be attacking the "most formidable and most heavily defended targets in the history of aerial warfare".
947:
had already advised his pilots over a year before – "Never attempt to dogfight a Zero." Even though its engine was rather low in power, the Zero had very low
3283:
2329:
1753:
469:... The impertinent fellow was full of cheek and when we had got down to about 3,000 feet he merrily waved to me as if he would say, "Well, how do you do?"
3792:
3412:
2727:
2129:
3914:
2080:
431:. Many of Boelcke's concepts from 1916 are still applied today, including the use of sun and altitude, surprise attack, and turning to meet a threat.
4188:
586:
maneuver. He also started the practice of training pilots to fly at night, and with instruments only. Using the new tactics, and flying the newest
3842:
3662:
1999:
3349:
2674:
2285:
3583:
3379:
312:
his plane into an enemy spotter aircraft. In October 1914, an airplane was shot down by a handgun from another plane for the first time over
3705:
3314:
207:
3151:
2915:
2366:
850:
within the glare of the brilliant light before and during the attack. This maneuver and many other tactical principles were introduced by
1893:
3539:
3190:
3727:
2260:
2239:
2158:
2193:
1536:. After the war, PAF's loss rate was 17 percent of its front line strength, while India's losses amounted to less than 10 per cent.
4038:
2653:
263:
could be carried on board. Intrepid pilots decided to interfere with enemy reconnaissance by improvised means, including throwing
3257:
609:
During the 1930s two different schools of thought about air-to-air combat began to emerge, resulting in two different trends of
590:
fighters, the Germans shot down 22 Spanish Republican fighters within a five-day period, suffering no losses of their own.
466:
However, my own was better at rising than his, and I succeeded at last in getting above and beyond my English waltzing partner.
3477:
1782:
885:; the predecessor of the famous "Zero", which was a very lightweight and maneuverable fighter. The Chinese mainly used Russian
435:
1333:) crews. U.S. aircraft which successfully made it through the NVAF MiGs were then confronted with the SAMs and AAA batteries.
578:
advised abandoning the standard "V" formation used in combat, and pairing fighters in twos, starting the practice of having a
3968:
3953:
3450:
2403:
2123:
1164:
your speedbrakes, the MiG flashes by you. Quickly closing the brakes, you slide onto his tail and hammer him with your "50s".
46:
2621:
476:
feet, firing all the time. The Englishman could not help falling. But the jamming of my gun nearly robbed me of my success.
827:
aircraft on the first day, and more than 5000 before October. With great desperation, the Soviets fought in dogfights over
2782:
703:
from reaching their targets, or to protect them on their missions, was the primary purpose for most dogfights of the era.
3931:
Vietnam Air Losses: United States Air Force, Navy and Marine Corps Fixed-Wing Aircraft Losses in Southeast Asia 1961–1973
407:
Battles in the air increased as the technological advantage swung from the British to the Germans, then back again. The
3630:
3487:
3422:
2203:
1763:
1485:
41:
3988:
3522:
1889:
927:, an extremely lightweight fighter known for its exceptional range and maneuverability. The U.S. military tested the
3793:
https://eurasiantimes.com/powerful-jets-with-one-weakness-pakistani-jf-17-pilot-recalls-clash-with-indian-su-30mkis/
983:
found it difficult to make the shot while, at the same time, evading the two friendly planes coming at him head on.
3938:
2433:
1634:
and a gas plant in Sindh. A similar strategy was also deployed in East Pakistan, and, as the IAF achieved complete
737:
664:
imposed by aerial combat meant that dogfighting in the classic WWI sense would be impossible. Fighters such as the
239:
flies towards a stricken German biplane, which is falling towards the ground leaving a trail of smoke in its wake (
103:. It was a component of every major war after that, though with steadily declining frequency, until the end of the
2321:
1964:
1838:
535:
146:
3680:
4010:
1880:
battle with each other. Most of the losses to Eritrean MiG-29s were caused by dogfights with Ethiopian Su-27s.
1732:
The Argentinians had superior numbers, but their forces mainly consisted of older jets from the 1960s, such as
1594:
Within the first two weeks, the IAF had carried out almost 12,000 sorties over East Pakistan and also provided
1151:
was put into production. The U.S. pilots had a number of major advantages over the Chinese, including the
583:
388: C., attacked three separate aircraft during a single sortie, shooting down two with a non-synchronizable
376:, who shot down a French two-seat observation monoplane. Later that same month, on July 25, 1915, British
3892:
2463:
1376:
missiles were fired, obtaining five kills. By contrast, NVAF MiG-21s obtained 53 air-to-air kills with their
680:
were all designed for high speeds and a good rate of climb. Good maneuverability was not a primary objective.
2719:
2065:
1656:
1595:
1415:
Dogfighting occurred in every war between Israel and her Arab neighbors between 1948 and 1985, including the
1349:
At the conclusion of the air war in 1973, U.S. airmen had downed 202 communist MiGs, including two downed by
1209:
857:
Struggling with morale problems, the Soviets slowly and methodically began to regain air supremacy after the
454:. One of the most famous dogfights, resulting in the death of Major Hawker, is described by the "Red Baron",
438:
ordered that all British reconnaissance aircraft be supported by at least three fighters, creating the first
2113:
259:
at first simply exchanged waves, or shook their fists at each other. Due to weight restrictions, only small
4031:
3922:
1849:
1232:. If U.S. air power could successfully conduct war against Soviet doctrine and equipment in the skies over
1133:
attacked. The Chinese began supplying North Korea with troops and provisions, and the war quickly resumed.
913:
539:
515:
126:
4088:
1744:
was the last British pilot to have fought a dogfight when he downed two Argentinian jets on June 8, 1982.
782:
A section two-feet long broke loose from the right wing as the machine gun cut like a machete through it.
1989:
1662:
1558:
between India and Pakistan. On November 22, 1971, 10 days before the start of a full-scale war, four PAF
1205:
599:
108:
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being vectored directly to them by GCI operators who worked in conjunction with surface-to-air missile (
1615:
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1545:
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3666:
1021:
Technology advanced extremely fast during World War II in ways that would change dogfighting forever.
4193:
2232:"The First Dogfight? ‹ HistoricWings.com : A Magazine for Aviators, Pilots and Adventurers"
1919:
1877:
1555:
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35:
17:
3584:"Peace mission: Last British pilot to shoot down enemy in combat meets son of Argentinian he killed"
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711:
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1126:. The war was nearly over by October, with the occupation of North Korea when, on November 1,
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3389:
1945:. However, India later on reportedly flew the same Su-30MKI on its Air Force Day in October 2019.
224:
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2705:
Sino-Japanese Air War 1937-1945 - The Longest Struggle By Hakan Gustavsson -- Fonthill Media 2016
1930:
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1202:
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to be used in battle, with a speed over 500 mph (800 km/h), and began taking a toll on
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in San Diego. He read the early reports coming out of China and wrestled with the problem of his
746:
340:
300:
Serbian and Austro-Hungarian planes were fitted with machine-guns. In August 1914, Staff-Captain
219:
85:
3194:
2907:
1806:
1236:, then it could expect to successfully operate against the Soviet Union during a massive war in
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3148:
2358:
1923:
1722:
1583:
1330:
1042:
812:
754:
455:
167:
81:
73:
1458:. In the latter wars dogfighting ensued between modern aircraft, like F-15s and F-16s against
1252:
was started for the Air Force in 1975 that pilots were formally trained in dogfighting again.
3868:"Sukhoi Fighter Jet 'Shot Down' by Pakistan Makes Appearance at Indian Air Force Day Flypast"
3543:
2085:
1529:
531:
409:
162:
1686:. One Su-22 opened fire on the F-14 but missed. The F-14s destroyed the Su-22 Fitters using
491:
to fire upwards into the underside of unsuspecting enemy aircraft. Other RFC pilots such as
4149:
3806:"Analysis | Did India shoot down a Pakistani F-16 in February? This just became a big deal"
2231:
2150:
1814:
1741:
1718:
1403:
1256:
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instead of genuine combat efficiency, abysmal hatred instead of fairness and chivalry...."
1034:
932:
858:
851:
820:
787:
719:
699:, a greater emphasis was placed on the accuracy of air-to-ground attacks. The need to stop
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587:
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357:
276:
8:
1911:
1810:
1786:
1771:
1733:
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1619:
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1197:
1098:
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1057:
A in 1942, the plane was never used in combat. Other prime inventions of the era include
1002:
967:
924:
862:
630:
240:
50:
1770:. During the early years of the war, the IRIAF enjoyed air superiority (see for example
861:
in 1943. This theater is notable for including the only female fighter aces in history,
2643:
1954:
1903:
1775:
1639:
1567:
1520:
1490:
1416:
1298:
1137:
816:
527:
507:
439:
377:
236:
195:
96:
54:
3261:
1136:
At 100 mph (160 km/h) faster, the MiG-15 was more than a match for the U.S.
360:
in 1915 transformed air combat and gave the Germans an early air superiority with the
3984:
3977:
3964:
3949:
3934:
3813:
3626:
3592:
3518:
3483:
3418:
3221:
2399:
2199:
2119:
2081:"The F-22 and F-35 Will Be Obsolete: What Will a Sixth-Generation Fighter Look Like?"
1959:
1907:
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1519:
engaged in large-scale aerial combat against each other for the first time since the
1467:
1264:
1249:
1156:
905:
730:
688:
561:
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line came to resemble trench warfare on the western front, the air war over southern
418:
aircraft assigned to each "FFA" unit for general defensive duties, so pilots such as
92:, which deals with the strategy involved in planning and executing various missions.
1082:
695:; a fallacy that would not be fully understood until Vietnam. After the failings in
575:
479:
My opponent fell, shot through the head, one hundred and fifty feet behind our line.
3915:"The Australian Flying Corps in the Western and Eastern Theatres of War, 1914–1918"
3843:"On Air Force Day, India flies the Sukhoi-30MKI that Pak claimed to have shot down"
2115:
War Slang: American Fighting Words & Phrases Since the Civil War, Third Edition
2014:
1899:
1714:
1687:
1676:
1512:
1497:
1451:
1436:
1428:
1365:
991:
936:
415:
177:
77:
3756:
923:, the United States entered the war. The Japanese used, among other aircraft, the
296:
4083:
3384:
3155:
2611:
1942:
1845:
1767:
1635:
1571:
1455:
1364:
missiles were fired during the war, scoring 56 MiG kills, while 454 heat-seeking
1170:
980:
958:
A pilot who realized that new tactics had to be devised was Lieutenant Commander
894:
890:
716:
488:
344:
142:
1781:
The Iran–Iraq War also saw the worlds only confirmed helicopter dogfights, with
935:
which was captured intact in 1942, advising – along the same lines that General
4134:
4098:
4068:
4047:
3353:
2774:
1994:
1979:
1969:
1694:
1693:
Later, on January 4, 1989, a similar engagement occurred between two F-14s and
1603:
1432:
1377:
1123:
1046:
1026:
1022:
882:
846:
726:
673:
645:
626:
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492:
423:
401:
349:
309:
301:
203:
89:
3469:
1402:
that's where the MiG-21 is! Just ask one of the 20 aircrews shot down during
510:, in memory of British and Australian airmen killed in their lines during 1917
80:
that is conducted at close range. Modern terminology for air-to-air combat is
4182:
4144:
3817:
3596:
3225:
1974:
1915:
1861:
1802:
1706:
1683:
1623:
1614:. On the western front, the IAF destroyed more than 20 Pakistani tanks, four
1607:
1551:
1276:
1233:
1229:
1045:
bombing missions in 1944. The British were testing a jet that same year, the
1030:
944:
866:
786:
I could see occasional strikes further up the wing, but it was too late. The
657:
571:
567:
At the beginning of the war, new tactics were developed, most notably in the
428:
419:
385:
373:
343:
solved this problem by mounting steel deflector wedges on the propeller of a
292:
1550:
By late 1971, the intensification of the independence movement in erstwhile
4103:
2387:
2009:
1679:
1575:
1563:
1500:
1306:
1283:
1260:
1225:
1141:
948:
920:
824:
758:
687:, during which dogfighting was most prevalent. It was widely believed that
684:
677:
653:
638:
543:
496:
381:
321:
84:(ACM), which refers to tactical situations requiring the use of individual
31:
30:
This article is about the aerial combat maneuver. For the blood sport, see
757:
noted that these guns were equally destructive when used for ground fire.
365:
138:
4118:
4078:
2425:
1790:
1726:
1611:
1599:
1424:
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1353:
1310:
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1216:
1192:
1119:
1111:
1038:
1010:
1006:
972:
952:
928:
753:
shells capable of firing 40,000 feet (12,000 m) in the air. General
641:
in Italy epitomised a generation of monoplanes designed to this concept.
484:
336:
172:
2195:
Wings over the Mexican Border: Pioneer Military Aviation in the Big Bend
1049:, which would later see action in the Korean War. Although U.S. General
231:, view of a dogfight involving five aircraft. In the upper foreground a
4073:
1865:
1737:
1631:
1559:
1443:
1385:
1338:
1148:
1115:
1102:
1050:
959:
451:
361:
912:
from dogfights between American and Japanese aircraft during the 1944
881:
began on June 7, 1937, between China and Japan. The Japanese used the
4113:
4063:
3684:
2617:
1798:
1710:
1255:
Both U.S. and Soviet-built jet "fighters" were primarily designed as
828:
750:
723:
692:
634:
610:
523:
519:
389:
356:
Maxim machine gun to the timing of the engine. The invention of this
199:
3946:
MiG Killers: A Chronology of U.S. Air Victories in Vietnam 1965–1973
1442:
Initially both sides relied on propeller planes, such as Spitfires,
784:
Too low, a little more rudder and the bullets will find his cockpit.
502:
3896:
3507:
2455:
1934:
1643:
1524:
987:
909:
842:
819:
Force had been fraught with problems since World War I. The German
329:
325:
288:
268:
104:
100:
3921:(11th ed.). Canberra: Australian War Memorial. Archived from
2353:
2351:
2349:
2347:
88:(BFM) to attack or evade one or more opponents. This differs from
4108:
4016:
2004:
1984:
1672:
1627:
1588:
976:
940:
886:
836:
661:
660:
was the belief the high speeds of modern combat aircraft and the
649:
579:
393:
256:
232:
997:
Another effective maneuver used by the U.S. pilots was a simple
4093:
4005:
2649:
2395:
2344:
1826:
1818:
1463:
1459:
1447:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1294:
1245:
1237:
1152:
1130:
832:
804:
800:
700:
530:
also came to resemble that being fought over France. After the
369:
317:
305:
284:
260:
3216:"Newsweek : the international newsmagazine: US edition".
3164:
1025:
had been demonstrated long before the war, by German engineer
3569:
Rolling Thunder: Jet Combat from World War II to the Gulf War
1822:
1690:
missiles; both pilots of the destroyed Su-22 planes ejected.
1373:
1361:
1343:
1287:
1280:
1268:
1127:
1058:
1054:
808:
696:
618:
614:
447:
353:
313:
264:
249:
158:
107:
in the early 1990s. Since then, longer-range weapons such as
1570:, near the international border. Two of the four PAF Sabres
328:, either on a flexible mounting or on the top wing of early
1938:
1918:
performed airstrikes near Indian military installations at
1350:
1314:
963:
778:
Pressing the I waited expectantly for the 109 to explode.
291:. The first aerial dogfight of the war occurred during the
272:
3563:
3561:
3728:"Balkans Conflict: Yugoslav MiG is shot down in dogfight"
2693:
Aircraft, Strategy and Operations of the Soviet Air Force
2598:
Aircraft, Strategy and Operations of the Soviet Air Force
280:
3757:"Air War between Ethiopia and Eritrea, 1998-2000 |"
1926:, which was carried out by the IAF on 26 February 2019.
1747:
1598:
to the advancing Indian Army. The IAF also assisted the
644:
The other stream of thought, which emerged primarily in
27:
Combat between aircraft that is conducted at close range
3558:
2714:
2712:
1397:
This passage from a USAF booklet explained a MiG day:
3919:
Official History of Australia in the War of 1914–1918
3517:(Amber publishing 1997, republished 2004 pp. 384–387
3284:"Years later, Longewala reminds the do-or-die battle"
1883:
1871:
1368:
were launched achieving 81 aerial victories. During
764:
A typical dogfight is described by an unnamed pilot:
604:
372:. The German Fokker E.I was flown by Lieutenant
3149:"The 1965 India-Pakistan War: IAF’s Ground Reality".
2691:
Air Vice Marshal R. A. Mason and John W. R. Taylor,
2596:
Air Vice Marshal R. A. Mason and John W. R. Taylor,
1906:
jets took place on 27 February 2019, when Pakistani
1297:
duties, and the strike aircraft themselves, such as
400:. He forced the third one down, and was awarded the
275:, which they hoped would entangle the enemy plane's
2830:
Fighter: The World's Greatest Aces and Their Planes
2804:
Fighter: The World's Greatest Aces and Their Planes
2749:
Fighter: The World's Greatest Aces and Their Planes
2709:
2592:
2590:
2588:
3976:
3582:
1817:, the AH-1Js scored three confirmed kills against
1762:of 1980–1988, many dogfights occurred between the
2956:
2954:
2423:
1941:after they entered Pakistani airspace across the
1754:Iranian aerial victories during the Iran–Iraq war
815:were just coming off of the production line. The
683:Immediately following the Spanish Civil War came
4180:
3451:"Why the Indian Air Force has a high crash rate"
2585:
2543:. Smithsonian Institution Press, 1992, pp. 12–17
2359:"NOVA – Transcripts – Who Killed the Red Baron?"
1446:, and P-51s, then progressed to older jets like
1279:aircraft conducting reconnaissance missions, or
3961:Clashes: Aircombat Over North Vietnam 1965–1973
3906:
3621:Williams, Anthony G.; Gustin, Emmanuel (2004).
3136:Arabs at war: military effectiveness, 1948–1991
2845:. Smithsonian Institution Press 1992, pp. 13–15
2426:"h2g2 – Early Air-to-Air Combat – Edited Entry"
1144:which was carried over from World War II.
295:(August 15–24, 1914), when the Serbian aviator
3768:
3766:
3620:
3188:
2951:
2556:. Smithsonian Institution Press 1992, pp. 8–13
2491:
2489:
1793:-capable ones) entering combat mostly against
1626:by carrying out raids on oil installations in
4032:
3912:
2892:
2890:
2541:Storm llOver Iraq: Air Power and the Gulf War
1539:
1474:
442:in the air. The Germans responded by forming
3515:The Encyclopedia of 20th Century Air Warfare
3388:. Time Inc. 20 December 1971. Archived from
2609:
2517:. Smithsonian Institution Press, 1992. p. 8.
2419:
2417:
2415:
2111:
2026:
99:in 1913, shortly after the invention of the
3772:
3763:
3625:. Marlborough: Crowood Press. p. 172.
2843:Storm Over Iraq: Air Power and the Gulf War
2554:Storm Over Iraq: Air Power and the Gulf War
2515:Storm Over Iraq: Air Power and the Gulf War
2486:
2062:Storm Over Iraq: Air Power and the Gulf War
1587:which the PAF carried out mostly defensive
872:
823:on June 22, 1941, destroyed more than 2000
198:on November 30, 1913, between two American
4039:
4025:
3475:
3380:"Bangladesh: Out of War, a Nation Is Born"
2887:
2641:
2319:
2105:
2000:Post–World War II air-to-air combat losses
1650:
900:
706:
396:at an outwards angle to avoid hitting the
157:has been used for centuries to describe a
3108:Anthony H. Cordesman, Abraham R. Wagner,
2412:
2030:Su-37 Flanker Report from Farnborough '96
1622:. The IAF undertook strategic bombing of
1317:'s flying over North Vietnam were met by
1248:was established for the Navy in 1969 and
4189:Air-to-air combat operations and battles
3983:. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press.
3803:
3580:
3252:
3250:
3248:
3141:
2832:- Thomasson-Grant Inc. 1990, pp. 155–160
2569:. Viking Penguin Books 2004, pp. 219–235
2530:. Viking Penguin Books 2004, pp. 213–214
2191:
2020:
1484:
1275:(GCI) operators. As a consequence, U.S.
1196:
1169:Japanese word, meaning "bosses"). Major
1081:
904:
710:
501:
223:
137:
113:
111:have made dogfighting largely obsolete.
40:
3979:Fighter Combat: Tactics and Maneuvering
3649:. Oxford University Press, 2008, p. 270
3540:"Air aspect of the Liberation War 1971"
3410:
3088:Fighter Combat: Tactics and Maneuvering
2869:Fighter Combat: Tactics and Maneuvering
2580:Fighter Combat: Tactics and Maneuvering
2274:– via Google News Archive Search.
2079:Roblin, Sebastien (December 11, 2018).
2059:
2048:Fighter Combat: Tactics and Maneuvering
1894:India–Pakistan border skirmishes (2019)
1406:that never knew they were under attack.
889:similar to those from WWI, such as the
14:
4181:
3681:"Air-to-Air Victories in Desert Storm"
3449:Simha, Rakesh Krishnan (4 June 2015).
3312:
3191:"Boyra Encounter – 22nd November 1971"
2386:
2093:from the original on December 16, 2018
2078:
736:Dogfighting was very prominent in the
95:Dogfighting first occurred during the
53:engaged in a mock dogfight as part of
4020:
3657:
3655:
3534:
3482:. Taylor & Francis. p. 806.
3448:
3315:"Battle of Longewala: Best of Braves"
3290:. No. 18 Dec 2013. India Times.
3245:
2424:Not Panicking Ltd (12 January 2012).
2295:. 24–30 November 2008. Archived from
2286:"This Week in USAF and PACAF History"
1825:, and shared in the destruction of a
1748:Iran–Iraq War and helicopter dogfight
776:Just a little more and I'll have him.
534:in April 1917 and during the ensuing
506:Memorial erected by German airmen in
279:. Pilots soon began firing hand-held
189:
3974:
3775:"Operation Swift Retort one year on"
3479:Encyclopedia of the Developing World
3457:from the original on 10 October 2017
3294:from the original on 18 October 2015
2858:, Bison Book Corp., 1984, pp. 46–51
2212:from the original on 25 January 2022
1410:
1357:the NVAF MiG's 37 gun kill figures.
554:
3138:. University of Nebraska Press 2002
2871:, Naval Institute Press 1985, p. 19
2819:, Viking Penguin Books 2004, p. 275
2764:, Naval Institute Press 2004. p. 26
2332:from the original on 10 August 2020
2320:Reichhardt, Tony (4 October 2014).
2118:. Courier Corporation. p. 55.
1929:In the ensuing dogfight, an Indian
1855:
1832:
1582:against Pakistan following massive
335:The biggest problem was mounting a
24:
4046:
3652:
3260:. Indian Air Force. Archived from
2806:. Thomasson-Grant Inc. 1990, p.136
2751:- Thomasson-Grant Inc. 1990, p.144
2695:, Jane's Publishing Co Ltd., p. 28
2600:, Jane's Publishing Co Ltd., p. 26
1884:2019 Indo-Pakistan aerial skirmish
1872:Eritrean–Ethiopian War (1998–2000)
1466:. Although often outnumbered, the
794:
605:Strategies for fighter development
25:
4210:
3998:
3571:. The Free Press 1997 pp. 245–269
3347:
3125:. Potomac Books 2011, pp. 136–163
2884:, Time Life Books 1983, pp. 46–64
2322:"The First Aerial Combat Victory"
2192:Ragsdale, Kenneth Baxter (1984).
1890:2019 Jammu and Kashmir airstrikes
1029:in 1934, and by British engineer
384:, flying a very early production
4163:
4162:
4004:
3963:. 1997, Naval Institute Press.
3581:Nicholls, Dominic (2019-03-15).
3193:. Bharat Rakshak. Archived from
2613:Истребители над "Голубой линией"
2436:from the original on 26 May 2009
1876:The war became the first to see
1700:
1578:. On December 3, India formally
1496:being shot down in combat by an
252:in the second month of the war.
229:An Incident on the Western Front
3885:
3860:
3835:
3824:from the original on 2020-11-30
3804:Lalwani, Sameer; Tallo, Emily.
3797:
3785:
3749:
3738:from the original on 2017-12-06
3720:
3698:
3673:
3639:
3614:
3603:from the original on 2022-01-12
3574:
3528:
3496:from the original on 2022-01-25
3442:
3431:from the original on 2022-01-25
3404:
3372:
3341:
3306:
3276:
3236:
3209:
3182:
3179:Sisson & Rose 1991, p. 229
3173:
3170:Van Creveld, 2012, pp. 286–287.
3128:
3115:
3102:
3093:
3080:
3071:
3062:
3053:
3044:
3035:
3026:
3017:
3008:
2999:
2990:
2981:
2972:
2963:
2942:
2939:, Time Life Books, 1983, p. 64
2929:
2918:from the original on 2017-08-30
2900:
2874:
2861:
2848:
2835:
2822:
2809:
2796:
2785:from the original on 2018-08-04
2767:
2754:
2741:
2730:from the original on 2013-06-17
2698:
2685:
2667:
2656:from the original on 2017-11-23
2635:
2624:from the original on 2017-11-09
2603:
2572:
2559:
2546:
2533:
2520:
2507:
2498:
2477:
2466:from the original on 2009-04-02
2448:
2380:
2369:from the original on 2019-02-27
2313:
2278:
2267:from the original on 2021-01-25
2242:from the original on 2017-12-05
2161:from the original on 2019-05-12
2132:from the original on 2021-01-26
1965:John Boyd (military strategist)
1839:Air engagements of the Gulf War
1360:Approximately 612 radar-guided
593:
536:Stalemate in Southern Palestine
332:, the era of air combat began.
3895:. July 9, 2011. Archived from
3313:Shorey, Anil (February 2005).
2253:
2224:
2185:
2172:
2143:
2072:
2053:
2040:
1618:and a supply train during the
1602:in its operations against the
1186:
1097:piloted by American ace pilot
769:plane could make. I banked my
749:became readily apparent, with
564:proved this theory was wrong.
392:which was mounted next to his
213:
13:
1:
3933:. 2001, Midland Publishing.
3773:Alan Warnes (19 March 2020).
3647:Safire's Political Dictionary
3623:Flying Guns of the Modern Era
3112:, Westview Press, 1990, p. 86
2908:"Nova – Missing in MiG Alley"
2856:History of the U.S. Air Force
2775:"Thach weave – air formation"
2198:. University of Texas Press.
2066:Smithsonian Institution Press
2034:
1709:began on April 2, 1982, when
1657:Gulf of Sidra incident (1981)
1574:and one damaged by the IAF's
1077:
1068:
1016:
893:and early monoplanes such as
202:fighting for opposing sides,
3907:General and cited references
3683:. 2009-06-04. Archived from
3542:. Daily Star. Archived from
2060:Hallion, Richard P. (1992).
1937:were shot down by Pakistani
1118:began in June 1950, and the
914:Battle of the Philippine Sea
799:During this time, three new
516:Sinai and Palestine Campaign
308:, became the first pilot to
133:
109:beyond-visual-range missiles
7:
3476:M. Leonard, Thomas (2006).
2720:"Dogfight Over Guadalcanal"
1990:List of aircraft shootdowns
1948:
1920:Indian Administered Kashmir
1878:4th-generation jet fighters
1663:1989 air battle near Tobruk
600:Air warfare of World War II
149:during dogfight simulations
129:'s dogfighting capabilities
10:
4215:
3948:. 2009, Specialty Press.
3258:"The War of December 1971"
1887:
1836:
1751:
1660:
1654:
1546:Indo-Pakistani War of 1971
1543:
1540:Indo-Pakistani War of 1971
1509:Indo-Pakistani War of 1965
1481:Indo-Pakistani War of 1965
1478:
1475:Indo-Pakistani War of 1965
1267:, which each mounted four
1210:Vietnam People's Air Force
1190:
691:alone was synonymous with
597:
217:
184:
29:
4158:
4127:
4054:
3959:Michel, Marshall L. III.
3893:"Fighter Aircraft, Su-37"
3438:– via Google Books.
3110:The Lessons of Modern War
2724:PBS – Secrets of the Dead
2261:"The Sunday Morning Star"
2151:"When was the Red Baron?"
1717:, and then the island of
1562:jets attacked Indian and
1556:Bangladesh Liberation War
1534:Pakistan Air Force Museum
1370:Operation Rolling Thunder
951:characteristics, a small
666:Messerschmitt Bf 109
283:at enemy planes, such as
36:Dogfight (disambiguation)
3975:Shaw, Robert L. (1985).
3663:"Air Power:The Gulf War"
3417:. Northern Book Centre.
3411:Ramunny, Murkot (1997).
3350:"When lightning strikes"
3220:: 34. 20 December 1971.
2326:Air & Space Magazine
1667:On August 19, 1981, two
1273:Ground Control Intercept
1147:To combat the MiGs, the
879:Second Sino-Japanese War
873:Second Sino-Japanese War
613:fighter development. In
163:battle at close quarters
3710:ejection-history.org.uk
3536:Choudhury, Ishfaq Ilahi
3242:Kainikara 2011, p. 195
3050:Michel p. 156, 286, 287
2456:"The Red Fighter Pilot"
1651:Gulf of Sidra Incidents
1138:P-80 Shooting Star
1122:were outmatched by the
901:United States and Japan
747:anti-aircraft artillery
707:Dogfighting over Europe
538:, the concentration of
220:Aviation in World War I
161:: a fierce, fast-paced
86:basic fighter maneuvers
3913:F. M. Cutlack (1941).
3513:Chris Bishop, editor,
2978:Michel pp. 16, 79, 157
2495:Cutlack 1941 pp. 64–65
2392:The Balkans: 1804–2012
2178:"Crack Anzac Airmen",
1922:in retaliation to the
1723:South Sandwich Islands
1504:
1408:
1395:
1220:
1180:
1166:
1106:
986:Thach later faced the
916:
839:for more than a year.
792:
755:Wolfram von Richthofen
733:
540:Egyptian Expeditionary
511:
481:
456:Manfred von Richthofen
244:
150:
130:
82:air combat manoeuvring
61:
34:. For other uses, see
3414:The Sky was the Limit
2610:Kalinin A.P. (1963).
2112:Paul Dickson (2014).
2086:The National Interest
2021:Explanatory footnotes
1807:Aérospatiale Gazelles
1783:Iranian Army Aviation
1530:Muhammad Mahmood Alam
1488:
1399:
1390:
1200:
1175:
1161:
1105:, either 1952 or 1953
1085:
960:John S. "Jimmy" Thach
919:After the bombing of
908:
766:
714:
532:Second Battle of Gaza
505:
460:
410:Feldflieger-Abteilung
227:
141:
124:
44:
4150:Supermaneuverability
4013:at Wikimedia Commons
3944:McCarthy, Donald J.
3189:Jagan Pillarisetti.
3134:Kenneth M. Pollack,
3121:John Andreas Olsen,
2969:McCarthy pp. 22, 145
2841:Richard P. Hallion,
2675:"junebarbarossa.com"
2645:Эскадрилья ведёт бой
2552:Richard P. Hallion,
2539:Richard P. Hallion,
2513:Richard P. Hallion,
1912:Dassault Mirage IIIs
1795:Iraqi Army Air Corps
1787:AH-1J Internationals
1734:Dassault Mirage IIIs
1669:Grumman F-14 Tomcats
1517:Pakistani Air Forces
1090:being attacked by a
1035:Messerschmitt Me 262
859:Battle of Stalingrad
852:Alexander Pokryshkin
821:Barbarossa offensive
720:Supermarine Spitfire
670:Supermarine Spitfire
358:synchronization gear
324:were mounted on the
168:Baron von Richthofen
47:F-16 Fighting Falcon
3810:The Washington Post
3392:on January 12, 2007
3360:on 28 February 2009
3325:(4). Archived from
3197:on 18 November 2011
3099:Michel, pp. 239–240
2996:Michel pp. 130, 236
2815:Stephen Budiansky,
2642:Suhov K.V. (1983).
2565:Stephen Budiansky,
2526:Stephen Budiansky,
1898:A dogfight between
1811:fixed-wing aircraft
1772:Operation Sultan 10
1620:Battle of Longewala
1325:(Chicom J-6s), and
1299:F-105 Thunderchiefs
1124:U.S. Air Force
1099:Manuel J. Fernandez
1063:air-to-air missiles
1003:high-side guns pass
939:, commander of the
925:Mitsubishi A6M Zero
863:Yekaterina Budanova
631:Mitsubishi A6M Zero
440:tactical formations
241:Imperial War Museum
3732:thefreelibrary.com
3288:The Times of India
3159:The Sunday Tribune
3154:2017-07-19 at the
2504:Cutlack 1941 p. 71
2483:Cutlack 1941 p. 65
1955:Aerobatic maneuver
1908:Dassault Mirage Vs
1776:Operation Morvarid
1682:Fitter's over the
1584:preemptive strikes
1505:
1491:Pakistan Air Force
1417:1948 Palestine war
1321:(or Chicom J-5s),
1221:
1107:
917:
817:Soviet Air Defense
780:I've hit his wing.
751:88 millimeter
734:
633:in Japan, and the
518:ground war on the
512:
434:Brigadier General
378:Royal Flying Corps
245:
237:Royal Flying Corps
196:Mexican Revolution
190:Mexican Revolution
151:
131:
97:Mexican Revolution
62:
4176:
4175:
4009:Media related to
3969:978-1-59114-519-6
3954:978-1-58007-136-9
2405:978-1-77089-273-6
2236:historicwings.com
2125:978-0-486-79716-8
1960:Battle of Britain
1924:Balakot Airstrike
1815:20 mm cannon
1764:Iranian Air Force
1673:V-84 Jolly Rogers
1596:close air support
1452:Dassault Mysteres
1435:in 1973, and the
1411:Arab–Israeli Wars
1366:AIM-9 Sidewinders
1265:F-100 Super Sabre
1157:Harrison R. Thyng
1142:P-51 Mustang
1009:, and the Vought
731:Battle of Britain
689:strategic bombing
685:World War II
639:Macchi C.200
562:Spanish Civil War
555:Spanish Civil War
122:
16:(Redirected from
4206:
4194:Aerial maneuvers
4166:
4165:
4099:Pugachev's Cobra
4041:
4034:
4027:
4018:
4017:
4008:
3994:
3982:
3926:
3901:
3900:
3889:
3883:
3882:
3880:
3879:
3864:
3858:
3857:
3855:
3854:
3839:
3833:
3832:
3830:
3829:
3801:
3795:
3789:
3783:
3782:
3770:
3761:
3760:
3753:
3747:
3746:
3744:
3743:
3724:
3718:
3717:
3712:. Archived from
3702:
3696:
3695:
3693:
3692:
3677:
3671:
3670:
3665:. Archived from
3659:
3650:
3645:William Safire,
3643:
3637:
3636:
3618:
3612:
3611:
3609:
3608:
3586:
3578:
3572:
3565:
3556:
3555:
3553:
3551:
3546:on 22 March 2009
3532:
3526:
3511:
3505:
3504:
3502:
3501:
3473:
3467:
3466:
3464:
3462:
3446:
3440:
3439:
3437:
3436:
3408:
3402:
3401:
3399:
3397:
3376:
3370:
3369:
3367:
3365:
3356:. Archived from
3345:
3339:
3338:
3336:
3334:
3329:on 18 March 2009
3310:
3304:
3303:
3301:
3299:
3280:
3274:
3273:
3271:
3269:
3264:on 10 April 2009
3254:
3243:
3240:
3234:
3233:
3213:
3207:
3206:
3204:
3202:
3186:
3180:
3177:
3171:
3168:
3162:
3145:
3139:
3132:
3126:
3123:Global air power
3119:
3113:
3106:
3100:
3097:
3091:
3084:
3078:
3075:
3069:
3066:
3060:
3057:
3051:
3048:
3042:
3039:
3033:
3030:
3024:
3021:
3015:
3012:
3006:
3003:
2997:
2994:
2988:
2985:
2979:
2976:
2970:
2967:
2961:
2958:
2949:
2946:
2940:
2933:
2927:
2926:
2924:
2923:
2904:
2898:
2894:
2885:
2878:
2872:
2865:
2859:
2852:
2846:
2839:
2833:
2826:
2820:
2813:
2807:
2800:
2794:
2793:
2791:
2790:
2771:
2765:
2758:
2752:
2745:
2739:
2738:
2736:
2735:
2716:
2707:
2702:
2696:
2689:
2683:
2682:
2677:. Archived from
2671:
2665:
2664:
2662:
2661:
2639:
2633:
2632:
2630:
2629:
2607:
2601:
2594:
2583:
2576:
2570:
2563:
2557:
2550:
2544:
2537:
2531:
2524:
2518:
2511:
2505:
2502:
2496:
2493:
2484:
2481:
2475:
2474:
2472:
2471:
2452:
2446:
2445:
2443:
2441:
2421:
2410:
2409:
2398:: Granta Books.
2384:
2378:
2377:
2375:
2374:
2355:
2342:
2341:
2339:
2337:
2317:
2311:
2310:
2308:
2307:
2301:
2290:
2282:
2276:
2275:
2273:
2272:
2257:
2251:
2250:
2248:
2247:
2228:
2222:
2221:
2219:
2217:
2189:
2183:
2182:, 21 March 1918.
2176:
2170:
2169:
2167:
2166:
2147:
2141:
2140:
2138:
2137:
2109:
2103:
2102:
2100:
2098:
2076:
2070:
2069:
2068:. pp. 1–10.
2057:
2051:
2044:
2029:
2015:Whifferdill turn
1862:Balkans conflict
1856:Balkans conflict
1833:Persian Gulf War
1715:Falkland Islands
1688:AIM-9 Sidewinder
1677:Libyan Air Force
1503:, September 1965
1498:Indian Air Force
1456:Dassault Mirages
1437:1982 Lebanon War
1429:War of Attrition
1208:shooting down a
992:Battle of Midway
937:Claire Chennault
742:French Air Force
738:European theatre
416:Fokker Eindecker
178:Frederic Cutlack
123:
78:fighter aircraft
21:
4214:
4213:
4209:
4208:
4207:
4205:
4204:
4203:
4179:
4178:
4177:
4172:
4154:
4123:
4084:Herbst maneuver
4050:
4045:
4001:
3991:
3929:Hobson, Chris.
3909:
3904:
3891:
3890:
3886:
3877:
3875:
3866:
3865:
3861:
3852:
3850:
3847:The News Minute
3841:
3840:
3836:
3827:
3825:
3802:
3798:
3790:
3786:
3779:KeyMilitary.com
3771:
3764:
3755:
3754:
3750:
3741:
3739:
3726:
3725:
3721:
3704:
3703:
3699:
3690:
3688:
3679:
3678:
3674:
3661:
3660:
3653:
3644:
3640:
3633:
3619:
3615:
3606:
3604:
3579:
3575:
3566:
3559:
3549:
3547:
3533:
3529:
3512:
3508:
3499:
3497:
3490:
3474:
3470:
3460:
3458:
3447:
3443:
3434:
3432:
3425:
3409:
3405:
3395:
3393:
3378:
3377:
3373:
3363:
3361:
3346:
3342:
3332:
3330:
3319:Sainik Samachar
3311:
3307:
3297:
3295:
3282:
3281:
3277:
3267:
3265:
3256:
3255:
3246:
3241:
3237:
3215:
3214:
3210:
3200:
3198:
3187:
3183:
3178:
3174:
3169:
3165:
3156:Wayback Machine
3147:Singh, Jasjit.
3146:
3142:
3133:
3129:
3120:
3116:
3107:
3103:
3098:
3094:
3085:
3081:
3076:
3072:
3067:
3063:
3058:
3054:
3049:
3045:
3040:
3036:
3031:
3027:
3022:
3018:
3013:
3009:
3004:
3000:
2995:
2991:
2986:
2982:
2977:
2973:
2968:
2964:
2960:Michel pp. 2, 3
2959:
2952:
2947:
2943:
2934:
2930:
2921:
2919:
2906:
2905:
2901:
2895:
2888:
2879:
2875:
2866:
2862:
2853:
2849:
2840:
2836:
2827:
2823:
2814:
2810:
2801:
2797:
2788:
2786:
2773:
2772:
2768:
2759:
2755:
2746:
2742:
2733:
2731:
2726:. 3 June 2009.
2718:
2717:
2710:
2703:
2699:
2690:
2686:
2673:
2672:
2668:
2659:
2657:
2640:
2636:
2627:
2625:
2608:
2604:
2595:
2586:
2577:
2573:
2564:
2560:
2551:
2547:
2538:
2534:
2525:
2521:
2512:
2508:
2503:
2499:
2494:
2487:
2482:
2478:
2469:
2467:
2454:
2453:
2449:
2439:
2437:
2422:
2413:
2406:
2385:
2381:
2372:
2370:
2357:
2356:
2345:
2335:
2333:
2318:
2314:
2305:
2303:
2299:
2288:
2284:
2283:
2279:
2270:
2268:
2259:
2258:
2254:
2245:
2243:
2230:
2229:
2225:
2215:
2213:
2206:
2190:
2186:
2177:
2173:
2164:
2162:
2149:
2148:
2144:
2135:
2133:
2126:
2110:
2106:
2096:
2094:
2077:
2073:
2058:
2054:
2045:
2041:
2037:
2023:
1951:
1943:Line of Control
1896:
1888:Main articles:
1886:
1874:
1864:, in 1999 (the
1858:
1846:air superiority
1841:
1835:
1768:Iraqi Air Force
1756:
1750:
1738:Israeli Daggers
1703:
1695:MiG-23 Floggers
1665:
1659:
1653:
1636:air superiority
1548:
1542:
1483:
1477:
1413:
1195:
1189:
1171:Robinson Risner
1149:F-86 Sabre
1080:
1071:
1019:
962:, commander of
933:Mitsubishi A6M2
903:
891:Polikarpov I-15
875:
797:
795:Soviet fighters
717:Royal Air Force
709:
607:
602:
596:
557:
489:Foster mounting
362:Fokker E.I
345:Morane Saulnier
222:
216:
192:
187:
143:Head-up display
136:
114:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4212:
4202:
4201:
4199:Aerial warfare
4196:
4191:
4174:
4173:
4171:
4170:
4159:
4156:
4155:
4153:
4152:
4147:
4142:
4137:
4135:Aerial warfare
4131:
4129:
4125:
4124:
4122:
4121:
4116:
4111:
4106:
4101:
4096:
4091:
4089:Immelmann turn
4086:
4081:
4076:
4071:
4066:
4060:
4058:
4052:
4051:
4048:Aerial warfare
4044:
4043:
4036:
4029:
4021:
4015:
4014:
4000:
3999:External links
3997:
3996:
3995:
3989:
3972:
3957:
3942:
3927:
3925:on 2012-10-09.
3908:
3905:
3903:
3902:
3899:on 2011-07-09.
3884:
3859:
3834:
3796:
3784:
3762:
3748:
3719:
3716:on 2007-10-17.
3697:
3672:
3669:on 2012-02-15.
3651:
3638:
3632:978-1861266552
3631:
3613:
3573:
3567:Ivan Rendall,
3557:
3527:
3506:
3489:978-0415976640
3488:
3468:
3441:
3424:978-8172110840
3423:
3403:
3371:
3354:Bharat Rakshak
3348:Mohan, Jagan.
3340:
3305:
3275:
3244:
3235:
3208:
3181:
3172:
3163:
3140:
3127:
3114:
3101:
3092:
3079:
3070:
3061:
3052:
3043:
3034:
3025:
3016:
3007:
2998:
2989:
2980:
2971:
2962:
2950:
2941:
2935:Bryce Walker,
2928:
2899:
2886:
2880:Bryce Walker,
2873:
2860:
2847:
2834:
2828:Edwards Park,
2821:
2808:
2802:Edwards Park,
2795:
2779:britannica.com
2766:
2753:
2747:Edwards Park,
2740:
2708:
2697:
2684:
2681:on 2012-07-15.
2666:
2634:
2602:
2584:
2571:
2558:
2545:
2532:
2519:
2506:
2497:
2485:
2476:
2460:richthofen.com
2447:
2411:
2404:
2379:
2343:
2312:
2277:
2252:
2223:
2205:978-0292790254
2204:
2184:
2171:
2142:
2124:
2104:
2071:
2052:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2032:
2031:
2022:
2019:
2018:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1995:Lufbery circle
1992:
1987:
1982:
1980:Immelmann turn
1977:
1972:
1970:Erich Hartmann
1967:
1962:
1957:
1950:
1947:
1916:JF-17 Thunders
1885:
1882:
1873:
1870:
1857:
1854:
1837:Main article:
1834:
1831:
1813:: using their
1799:Mil Mi-24 Hind
1752:Main article:
1749:
1746:
1702:
1699:
1661:Main article:
1655:Main article:
1652:
1649:
1604:Pakistani Navy
1572:were shot down
1544:Main article:
1541:
1538:
1479:Main article:
1476:
1473:
1433:Yom Kippur War
1412:
1409:
1203:U.S. Air Force
1191:Main article:
1188:
1185:
1092:U.S. Air Force
1079:
1076:
1070:
1067:
1053:test flew the
1047:Gloster Meteor
1037:was the first
1027:Hans von Ohain
1023:Jet propulsion
1018:
1015:
964:Fighting Three
902:
899:
883:Mitsubishi A5M
874:
871:
803:fighters, the
796:
793:
727:Heinkel He 111
708:
705:
674:Yakovlev Yak-1
635:Fiat G.50
627:Nakajima Ki-43
623:Nakajima Ki-27
606:
603:
598:Main article:
595:
592:
576:Werner Mölders
556:
553:
493:James McCudden
436:Hugh Trenchard
424:Oswald Boelcke
402:Victoria Cross
350:Anthony Fokker
302:Pyotr Nesterov
271:and sometimes
218:Main article:
215:
212:
204:Dean Ivan Lamb
191:
188:
186:
183:
135:
132:
90:aerial warfare
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4211:
4200:
4197:
4195:
4192:
4190:
4187:
4186:
4184:
4169:
4161:
4160:
4157:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4145:Fighter pilot
4143:
4141:
4138:
4136:
4133:
4132:
4130:
4126:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4102:
4100:
4097:
4095:
4092:
4090:
4087:
4085:
4082:
4080:
4077:
4075:
4072:
4070:
4067:
4065:
4062:
4061:
4059:
4057:
4053:
4049:
4042:
4037:
4035:
4030:
4028:
4023:
4022:
4019:
4012:
4011:Aerial combat
4007:
4003:
4002:
3992:
3990:0-87021-059-9
3986:
3981:
3980:
3973:
3970:
3966:
3962:
3958:
3955:
3951:
3947:
3943:
3940:
3936:
3932:
3928:
3924:
3920:
3916:
3911:
3910:
3898:
3894:
3888:
3873:
3869:
3863:
3848:
3844:
3838:
3823:
3819:
3815:
3811:
3807:
3800:
3794:
3788:
3780:
3776:
3769:
3767:
3758:
3752:
3737:
3733:
3729:
3723:
3715:
3711:
3707:
3701:
3687:on 2009-06-04
3686:
3682:
3676:
3668:
3664:
3658:
3656:
3648:
3642:
3634:
3628:
3624:
3617:
3602:
3598:
3594:
3590:
3589:The Telegraph
3585:
3577:
3570:
3564:
3562:
3545:
3541:
3537:
3531:
3524:
3523:1-904687-26-1
3520:
3516:
3510:
3495:
3491:
3485:
3481:
3480:
3472:
3456:
3452:
3445:
3430:
3426:
3420:
3416:
3415:
3407:
3391:
3387:
3386:
3381:
3375:
3359:
3355:
3351:
3344:
3328:
3324:
3320:
3316:
3309:
3293:
3289:
3285:
3279:
3263:
3259:
3253:
3251:
3249:
3239:
3232:
3227:
3223:
3219:
3212:
3196:
3192:
3185:
3176:
3167:
3161:, 6 May 2007.
3160:
3157:
3153:
3150:
3144:
3137:
3131:
3124:
3118:
3111:
3105:
3096:
3089:
3086:Robert Shaw,
3083:
3074:
3068:Michel p. 159
3065:
3056:
3047:
3041:Michel p. 288
3038:
3032:Hobson p. 271
3029:
3023:Hobson p. 246
3020:
3014:McCarthy p. 5
3011:
3002:
2993:
2984:
2975:
2966:
2957:
2955:
2945:
2938:
2932:
2917:
2913:
2909:
2903:
2893:
2891:
2883:
2877:
2870:
2867:Robert Shaw,
2864:
2857:
2851:
2844:
2838:
2831:
2825:
2818:
2812:
2805:
2799:
2784:
2780:
2776:
2770:
2763:
2760:Steve Ewing,
2757:
2750:
2744:
2729:
2725:
2721:
2715:
2713:
2706:
2701:
2694:
2688:
2680:
2676:
2670:
2655:
2651:
2647:
2646:
2638:
2623:
2619:
2615:
2614:
2606:
2599:
2593:
2591:
2589:
2581:
2578:Robert Shaw,
2575:
2568:
2562:
2555:
2549:
2542:
2536:
2529:
2523:
2516:
2510:
2501:
2492:
2490:
2480:
2465:
2461:
2457:
2451:
2435:
2431:
2427:
2420:
2418:
2416:
2407:
2401:
2397:
2393:
2389:
2388:Glenny, Misha
2383:
2368:
2364:
2360:
2354:
2352:
2350:
2348:
2331:
2327:
2323:
2316:
2302:on 2013-03-12
2298:
2294:
2293:OPR: PACAF/HO
2287:
2281:
2266:
2262:
2256:
2241:
2237:
2233:
2227:
2211:
2207:
2201:
2197:
2196:
2188:
2181:
2175:
2160:
2156:
2155:airminded.org
2152:
2146:
2131:
2127:
2121:
2117:
2116:
2108:
2092:
2088:
2087:
2082:
2075:
2067:
2063:
2056:
2050:, pp. xi, xii
2049:
2046:Robert Shaw,
2043:
2039:
2028:
2025:
2024:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1975:Ghost of Kyiv
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1952:
1946:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1927:
1925:
1921:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1895:
1891:
1881:
1879:
1869:
1867:
1863:
1853:
1851:
1847:
1840:
1830:
1828:
1824:
1821:, claimed an
1820:
1816:
1812:
1808:
1804:
1801:gunships and
1800:
1796:
1792:
1789:(usually the
1788:
1784:
1779:
1777:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1760:Iran–Iraq War
1755:
1745:
1743:
1739:
1735:
1730:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1719:South Georgia
1716:
1712:
1708:
1707:Falklands War
1701:Falklands War
1698:
1696:
1691:
1689:
1685:
1684:Gulf of Sidra
1681:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1664:
1658:
1648:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1624:West Pakistan
1621:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1608:Bay of Bengal
1605:
1601:
1597:
1592:
1590:
1585:
1581:
1577:
1576:Folland Gnats
1573:
1569:
1566:positions at
1565:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1552:East Pakistan
1547:
1537:
1535:
1531:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1502:
1499:
1495:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1472:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1440:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1427:in 1967, the
1426:
1423:in 1956, the
1422:
1418:
1407:
1405:
1398:
1394:
1389:
1387:
1382:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1362:AIM-7 Sparrow
1358:
1355:
1352:
1347:
1345:
1340:
1334:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1307:A-6 Intruders
1304:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1289:
1285:
1284:Delta Daggers
1282:
1278:
1277:RF-101 Voodoo
1274:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1253:
1251:
1247:
1241:
1239:
1235:
1234:North Vietnam
1231:
1230:United States
1227:
1218:
1214:
1211:
1207:
1204:
1199:
1194:
1184:
1179:
1174:
1172:
1165:
1160:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1145:
1143:
1139:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1120:North Koreans
1117:
1113:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1093:
1089:
1084:
1075:
1066:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1033:in 1937. The
1032:
1031:Frank Whittle
1028:
1024:
1014:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1000:
995:
993:
989:
984:
982:
978:
974:
969:
965:
961:
956:
954:
950:
946:
945:Flying Tigers
942:
938:
934:
930:
926:
922:
915:
911:
907:
898:
896:
892:
888:
884:
880:
870:
868:
867:Lydia Litvyak
864:
860:
855:
853:
848:
844:
840:
838:
834:
830:
826:
822:
818:
814:
810:
806:
802:
791:
789:
785:
781:
777:
772:
765:
762:
760:
756:
752:
748:
743:
739:
732:
728:
725:
721:
718:
713:
704:
702:
698:
694:
690:
686:
681:
679:
675:
671:
667:
663:
659:
658:United States
655:
651:
647:
642:
640:
636:
632:
628:
624:
620:
616:
612:
601:
591:
589:
585:
584:combat spread
581:
577:
574:. Lieutenant
573:
572:Condor Legion
570:
565:
563:
552:
548:
545:
541:
537:
533:
529:
525:
521:
517:
509:
504:
500:
498:
494:
490:
486:
480:
477:
473:
470:
467:
463:
459:
457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
437:
432:
430:
429:Dicta Boelcke
427:known as the
425:
421:
420:Max Immelmann
417:
412:
411:
405:
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
386:Bristol Scout
383:
379:
375:
374:Kurt Wintgens
371:
367:
363:
359:
355:
351:
346:
342:
341:Roland Garros
338:
333:
331:
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
298:
297:Miodrag Tomić
294:
293:Battle of Cer
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
253:
251:
242:
238:
234:
230:
226:
221:
211:
209:
205:
201:
197:
182:
179:
175:
174:
169:
164:
160:
156:
148:
147:F/A-18 Hornet
144:
140:
128:
125:Video of the
112:
110:
106:
102:
98:
93:
91:
87:
83:
79:
75:
74:aerial battle
71:
67:
59:
56:
52:
48:
43:
37:
33:
19:
4139:
3978:
3960:
3945:
3939:1-85780-1156
3930:
3923:the original
3918:
3897:the original
3887:
3876:. Retrieved
3874:. 2019-10-08
3871:
3862:
3851:. Retrieved
3849:. 2019-10-08
3846:
3837:
3826:. Retrieved
3809:
3799:
3787:
3778:
3751:
3740:. Retrieved
3731:
3722:
3714:the original
3709:
3700:
3689:. Retrieved
3685:the original
3675:
3667:the original
3646:
3641:
3622:
3616:
3605:. Retrieved
3588:
3576:
3568:
3548:. Retrieved
3544:the original
3530:
3514:
3509:
3498:. Retrieved
3478:
3471:
3459:. Retrieved
3444:
3433:. Retrieved
3413:
3406:
3394:. Retrieved
3390:the original
3383:
3374:
3362:. Retrieved
3358:the original
3343:
3331:. Retrieved
3327:the original
3322:
3318:
3308:
3296:. Retrieved
3287:
3278:
3266:. Retrieved
3262:the original
3238:
3229:
3217:
3211:
3199:. Retrieved
3195:the original
3184:
3175:
3166:
3158:
3143:
3135:
3130:
3122:
3117:
3109:
3104:
3095:
3087:
3082:
3077:Michel p. 91
3073:
3064:
3055:
3046:
3037:
3028:
3019:
3010:
3005:Michel p. 59
3001:
2992:
2987:Michel p. 81
2983:
2974:
2965:
2944:
2937:Fighter Jets
2936:
2931:
2920:. Retrieved
2911:
2902:
2882:Fighter Jets
2881:
2876:
2868:
2863:
2855:
2854:Bill Yenne,
2850:
2842:
2837:
2829:
2824:
2816:
2811:
2803:
2798:
2787:. Retrieved
2778:
2769:
2761:
2756:
2748:
2743:
2732:. Retrieved
2723:
2704:
2700:
2692:
2687:
2679:the original
2669:
2658:. Retrieved
2644:
2637:
2626:. Retrieved
2612:
2605:
2597:
2579:
2574:
2566:
2561:
2553:
2548:
2540:
2535:
2527:
2522:
2514:
2509:
2500:
2479:
2468:. Retrieved
2459:
2450:
2438:. Retrieved
2429:
2391:
2382:
2371:. Retrieved
2362:
2334:. Retrieved
2325:
2315:
2304:. Retrieved
2297:the original
2292:
2280:
2269:. Retrieved
2255:
2244:. Retrieved
2235:
2226:
2216:24 September
2214:. Retrieved
2194:
2187:
2180:Daily Record
2179:
2174:
2163:. Retrieved
2154:
2145:
2134:. Retrieved
2114:
2107:
2097:December 16,
2095:. Retrieved
2084:
2074:
2061:
2055:
2047:
2042:
2027:
2010:The Scissors
1931:MiG-21 Bison
1928:
1897:
1875:
1859:
1842:
1780:
1766:(IRIAF) and
1757:
1742:David Morgan
1731:
1713:invaded the
1704:
1692:
1680:Sukhoi Su-22
1675:engaged two
1666:
1640:PAF aircraft
1593:
1580:declared war
1564:Mukti Bahini
1549:
1521:independence
1506:
1501:Folland Gnat
1441:
1414:
1400:
1396:
1391:
1383:
1378:AA-2 "Atoll"
1374:AIM-4 Falcon
1359:
1354:tail gunners
1348:
1335:
1311:F-4 Phantoms
1303:A-4 Skyhawks
1291:Starfighters
1272:
1261:F-8 Crusader
1257:interceptors
1254:
1242:
1226:Soviet Union
1222:
1181:
1176:
1167:
1162:
1146:
1135:
1112:atomic bombs
1108:
1072:
1020:
996:
985:
981:Butch O'Hare
968:F4F Wildcats
957:
949:wing loading
921:Pearl Harbor
918:
876:
856:
841:
798:
783:
779:
775:
767:
763:
759:Adolph Malan
740:. While the
735:
682:
678:Curtiss P-40
654:Soviet Union
643:
608:
594:World War II
568:
566:
558:
549:
544:Ottoman Army
513:
497:Mick Mannock
482:
478:
474:
471:
468:
464:
461:
443:
433:
408:
406:
382:Lanoe Hawker
380:(RFC) Major
334:
322:machine guns
254:
246:
228:
193:
171:
154:
152:
94:
69:
65:
63:
32:Dog fighting
4119:Thach Weave
4079:Finger-four
3461:16 February
2948:Michel p. 2
2762:Thach Weave
2582:, pp. 19–20
2440:20 December
1860:During the
1850:F-15 Eagles
1727:Sea Harrier
1612:Arabian Sea
1600:Indian Navy
1554:led to the
1444:Avia S-199s
1425:Six-Day War
1293:performing
1219:, June 1967
1217:Vietnam War
1215:during the
1193:Vietnam War
1187:Vietnam War
1101:during the
1039:jet fighter
1011:F4U Corsair
1007:F6F Hellcat
990:during the
973:Thach Weave
953:turn radius
929:Akutan Zero
729:during the
722:pursuing a
485:Albert Ball
444:Jagdstaffel
337:machine gun
214:World War I
200:mercenaries
173:The Graphic
51:F-14 Tomcat
4183:Categories
4074:Pylon turn
4069:Cobra Turn
3878:2023-01-16
3853:2023-01-16
3828:2021-04-28
3742:2012-01-25
3691:2021-11-21
3607:2019-08-28
3500:2015-07-13
3435:2020-11-26
3201:19 January
3059:Hobson 271
2922:2017-08-26
2789:2018-08-03
2734:2017-08-26
2660:2013-03-18
2648:. Moscow,
2628:2013-03-18
2616:. Moscow,
2470:2009-03-31
2373:2017-08-26
2306:2012-08-27
2271:2020-09-23
2246:2014-09-18
2165:2019-05-12
2136:2020-11-26
2035:References
1866:Kosovo War
1632:Mangla Dam
1560:F-86 Sabre
1494:F-86 Sabre
1404:Linebacker
1386:Robin Olds
1339:vernacular
1159:remarked:
1116:Korean War
1103:Korean War
1095:F-86 Sabre
1078:Korean War
1069:Propaganda
1051:Hap Arnold
1017:Technology
811:, and the
676:, and the
656:, and the
542:(EEF) and
354:MG 08
208:Phil Rader
127:F-15 Eagle
4114:Tailslide
4064:Chandelle
4056:Maneuvers
3818:0190-8286
3597:0307-1235
3298:23 August
3226:0028-9604
2817:Air Power
2618:Voenizdat
2567:Air Power
2528:Air Power
2430:bbc.co.uk
1904:Pakistani
1711:Argentina
1421:Sinai War
1173:recalls,
910:Contrails
829:Leningrad
724:Luftwaffe
693:air power
611:monoplane
569:Luftwaffe
528:Palestine
524:Beersheba
508:Palestine
398:propeller
390:Lewis gun
366:Luneville
277:propeller
153:The term
134:Etymology
70:dog fight
55:U.S. Navy
18:Dog fight
4168:Category
4140:Dogfight
4104:Scissors
3822:Archived
3736:Archived
3706:"MiG-29"
3601:Archived
3494:Archived
3455:Archived
3429:Archived
3396:12 April
3364:12 April
3333:12 April
3292:Archived
3218:Newsweek
3152:Archived
2916:Archived
2783:Archived
2728:Archived
2654:Archived
2622:Archived
2464:Archived
2434:Archived
2390:(2012).
2367:Archived
2330:Archived
2265:Archived
2240:Archived
2210:Archived
2159:Archived
2130:Archived
2091:Archived
1949:See also
1935:Su-30MKI
1721:and the
1644:Pakistan
1568:Garibpur
1525:Pakistan
1511:saw the
1263:and the
1250:Red Flag
1228:and the
988:A6M Zero
887:biplanes
843:Fireteam
662:g-forces
629:and the
330:biplanes
326:airplane
289:carbines
269:grenades
155:dogfight
105:Cold War
101:airplane
76:between
72:, is an
66:dogfight
60:training
4109:Split S
3550:8 April
3231:failed!
3090:, p. 52
2912:pbs.org
2363:pbs.org
2005:Split S
1985:J-CATCH
1933:and an
1819:MiG-21s
1805:-armed
1758:In the
1671:of the
1628:Karachi
1606:in the
1589:sorties
1464:MiG-25s
1460:MiG-21s
1448:MiG-15s
1327:MiG-21s
1323:MiG-19s
1319:MiG-17s
1131:MiG-15s
1128:Chinese
977:wingman
943:-based
941:Kunming
847:ramming
837:Ukraine
801:Russian
701:bombers
650:Germany
646:Britain
580:wingman
394:cockpit
320:. Once
304:, from
285:pistols
261:weapons
235:of the
233:biplane
185:History
49:and an
4128:Topics
4094:Kulbit
3987:
3967:
3952:
3937:
3872:News18
3816:
3629:
3595:
3521:
3486:
3421:
3224:
2650:DOSAAF
2402:
2396:London
2336:6 July
2202:
2122:
1900:Indian
1827:MiG-23
1630:, the
1513:Indian
1431:, the
1419:, the
1295:MiGCAP
1246:TOPGUN
1238:Europe
1213:MiG-17
1206:F-105D
1153:G-suit
1114:. The
1088:MiG-15
1043:Allied
835:, and
833:Moscow
825:Soviet
807:, the
805:LaGG-1
672:, the
668:, the
652:, the
588:Bf 109
448:Jastas
370:France
318:France
306:Russia
265:bricks
257:pilots
255:Enemy
145:of an
58:TOPGUN
3268:3 May
2300:(PDF)
2289:(PDF)
1939:F-16s
1823:Su-20
1344:China
1288:F-104
1281:F-102
1269:20 mm
1059:radar
1055:XP-59
999:break
813:MiG-3
809:Yak-1
697:Spain
619:Italy
615:Japan
314:Reims
250:Paris
159:melee
68:, or
3985:ISBN
3965:ISBN
3950:ISBN
3935:ISBN
3814:ISSN
3627:ISBN
3593:ISSN
3552:2009
3519:ISBN
3484:ISBN
3463:2016
3419:ISBN
3398:2011
3385:Time
3366:2009
3335:2009
3300:2015
3270:2009
3222:ISSN
3203:2012
2897:1991
2442:2019
2400:ISBN
2338:2018
2218:2017
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