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independent, the SEC is required to identify any areas that may create a potential conflict of interest and work to define exactly what requirements must be met for the committee to be considered independent. Some of the areas examined for conflicts of interest include other services provided by advisors, personal relationships between advisors and shareholders, advisor fees as a percentage of their company's revenue, and advisors' stock holdings. These provisions also cover advisors and legal teams serving compensation committees by requiring proxy statements to disclose any compensation consultants and include a review of each to ensure no conflicts of interest exist. Compensation committees are fully responsible for selecting advisors and determining their compensation. Final regulations covering issues surrounding compensation committees were implemented in June 2012 by the SEC and took effect in July 2012. Under these regulations, the New York Stock
Exchange (NYSE) and
1092:, who co-proposed the legislation, has classified the legislation as "sweeping, bold, comprehensive, long overdue". In regards to the Fed and what he regarded as their failure to protect consumers, Dodd voiced his opinion that " I really want the Federal Reserve to get back to its core enterprises We saw over the last number of years when they took on consumer protection responsibilities and the regulation of bank holding companies, it was an abysmal failure. So the idea that we're going to go back and expand those roles and functions at the expense of the vitality of the core functions that they're designed to perform is going in the wrong way." However, Dodd pointed out that the transfer of powers from the Fed to other agencies should not be construed as criticism of
1344:
directors. In the past, activist investors had to pay to have materials prepared and mailed to other investors in order to solicit their help on issues. Any shareholder group that has held at least three percent of voting shares for a period of at least three years is entitled to make director nominations. However, shareholder groups may not nominate more than twenty five percent of a company's board and may always nominate at least one member even if that one nomination would represent over twenty five percent of the board. If multiple shareholder groups make nominations then the nominations from groups with the most voting power will be considered first with additional nominations being considered up to the twenty five percent cap.
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that exemption, rendering numerous additional investment advisers, hedge funds, and private equity firms subject to new registration requirements. However, the Act also shifted oversight of non-exempt investment advisers with less than $ 100 million in assets under management and not registered in more than 15 states to state regulators. A 2019 study found that this switch in enforcement to state regulators increased misconduct among investment advisers by thirty to forty percent, with a bigger increase in areas with less sophisticated clients, less competition, and among advisers with more conflicts of interest, most likely because on average state regulators have less resources and enforcement capacity compared to the SEC.
872:
29:
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1274:." SEC regulations require that at least once every three years shareholders have a non-binding say-on-pay vote on executive compensation. While shareholders are required to have a say-on-pay vote at least every three years, they can also elect to vote annually, every two years, or every third year. The regulations also require that shareholders have a vote at least every six years to decide how often they would like to have say-on-pay votes. In addition, companies are required to disclose any golden parachute compensation that may be paid out to executives in the case of a merger, acquisition, or sale of major assets.
853:
655:
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directly linked to financial performance including consideration of any changes in the value of the company's stock price or value of dividends paid out. The compensation of executives and the financial performance justifying it are both required to be disclosed. In addition, regulations require that CEO compensation be disclosed alongside the median employee compensation excluding CEO compensation, along with ratios comparing levels of compensation between the two. Regulations regarding pay for performance were proposed by the SEC in
September 2013 and were adopted in August 2015.
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put on the corporation above one million dollars. These provisions also enact anti-retaliation rules that entitle whistle blowers the right to have a jury trial if they feel they have been wrongfully terminated as a result of whistle blowing. If the jury finds that whistle blowers have been wrongfully terminated, then they must be reinstated to their positions and receive compensation for any back-pay and legal fees. This rule also applies to any private subsidiaries of public corporations. The SEC put these regulations in place in May 2011.
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exchange to have clawback policies. These policies require executives to return inappropriately awarded compensation, as set forth in section 953 regarding pay for performance, in the case of an accounting restatement due to noncompliance with reporting requirements. If an accounting restatement is made then the company must recover any compensation paid to current or former executives associated with the company the three years prior to the restatement. The SEC proposed regulations dealing with clawback of compensation in July 2015.
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provisions in this section prevent brokers from voting on any major corporate governance issue as determined by the SEC including the election of board members. This gives shareholders more influence on important issues since brokers tend to vote shares in favor of executives. Brokers may only vote shares if they are directly instructed to do so by shareholders associated with the shares. The SEC approved the listing rules set forth by the NYSE and NASDAQ regarding provisions from section 957 in
September 2010.
1509:
that because of stricter regulation unemployment will increase significantly. However, the Office of
Management and Budget attempts to "monetize" benefits versus costs to prove the contrary. The result is a positive relationship where benefits exceed costs: "During a 10-year period OMB reviewed 106 major regulations for which cost and benefit data were available $ 136 billion to $ 651 billion in annual benefits versus $ 44 billion to $ 62 billion in annual costs" (Shapiro and Irons, 2011, p. 8).
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disgorgement of ill-gotten gains and interest, the majority of which has been...returned to harmed investors." Whistleblowers receive 10–30% of this amount under the Act. A decade after it was created, the SEC whistleblower program has enabled the SEC to take enforcement actions resulting in over $ 2.5 billion in financial remedies and putting about $ 500 million in the pockets of defrauded investors. In addition, the incentives have generated more than 33,300 tips.
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972:) and creating two (Financial Stability Oversight Council and the Office of Financial Research) in addition to several consumer protection agencies, including the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection, this legislation in many ways represents a change in the way America's financial markets will operate in the future. Few provisions of the Act became effective when the bill was signed.
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particular aspect of financial regulation, or that power is transferred from an existing agency. All of the new agencies, and some existing ones that are not currently required to do so, are also compelled to report to
Congress on an annual (or biannual) basis, to present the results of current plans and explain future goals. Important new agencies created include the
1124:, did not comment on the Stability Act directly, but rather indicated that he was pleased that reform efforts were happening at all: "Obviously, the bills aren't going to be identical, but it confirms that we are moving in the same direction and reaffirms my confidence that we are going to be able to get an appropriate, effective reform package passed very soon."
1110:, the top-ranking Republican on the Senate Banking Committee and the one who proposed the changes to the Fed governance, voiced his reasons for why he felt the changes needed to be made: "It's an obvious conflict of interest It's basically a case where the banks are choosing or having a big voice in choosing their regulator. It's unheard of." Democratic Senator
1557:(CFPB), which has the mission of protecting consumers in the financial markets. Then–CFPB Director Richard Cordray testified on April 5, 2017, that: "Over the past five years, we have returned almost $ 12 billion to 29 million consumers and imposed about $ 600 million in civil penalties." The CFPB publishes a semi-annual report on its activities.
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interest payments (which are not counted as budgetary receipts, and therefore do not affect the federal deficit, having the effect of negatively impacting budget figures related to the Fund). As such, the CBO projects that eventually the money being paid into the Fund (in the form of fees) would be exceeded by the expenses of the Fund itself.
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Complying with the statute seems to have resulted in job shifting or job creation in the business of fulfilling reporting requirements, while making it more difficult to fire employees who report criminal violations. Opponents of the Dodd–Frank Law believe that it will affect job creation, in a sense
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Associated Press reported that in response to the costs that the legislation places on banks, some banks have ended the practice of giving their customers free checking. Small banks have been forced to end some businesses such as mortgages and car loans in response to the new regulations. The size of
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legislation (or other proposed ideas) is equally (and inherently) difficult: " CBO has not determined whether the estimated costs under the Act would be smaller or larger than the costs of alternative approaches to addressing future financial crises and the risks they pose to the economy as a whole."
957:
As a practical matter, prior to the passage of Dodd–Frank, investment advisers were not required to register with the SEC if the investment adviser had fewer than 15 clients during the previous 12 months and did not hold himself out generally to the public as an investment adviser. The act eliminates
777:
published a comparison of the two bills prior to their reconciliation. On June 25, 2010, conferees finished reconciling the House and Senate versions of the bills and four days later filed a conference report. The conference committee changed the name of the Act from the "Restoring
American Financial
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protection. Under new regulations any whistle blowers who voluntarily expose inappropriate behavior in public corporations can be rewarded with substantial compensation and will have their jobs protected. Regulations entitle whistle blowers to between ten and thirty percent of any monetary sanctions
1323:
Section 957 deals with broker voting and relates to section 951 dealing with executive compensation. While section 951 requires say on pay and golden parachute votes from shareholders, section 957 requires national exchanges to prohibit brokers from voting on executive compensation. In addition, the
1261:
issues surrounding public corporations in the United States. Many of the provisions put in place by Dodd–Frank require the SEC to implement new regulations, but intentionally do not give specifics as to when regulations should be adopted or exactly what the regulations should be. This will allow the
564:
stated that "the balance of research suggests that the core reforms we have put in place have substantially boosted resilience without unduly limiting credit availability or economic growth." Some critics argue that it failed to provide adequate regulation to the financial industry; others, such as
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study concluded that smaller banks have been hurt by the regulations of the Dodd–Frank Act, saying "Community banks' share of the U.S. banking assets and lending market fell from over 40% in 1994 to around 20% ." These researchers believed that regulatory barriers fell most heavily on small banks,
909:
of financial institutions; provide for an advanced warning system on the stability of the economy; create new rules on executive compensation and corporate governance; and eliminate certain loopholes that led to the 2008 economic recession. The new agencies are either granted explicit power over a
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must also give shareholders the chance to cast a non-binding vote to approve golden parachute policies. Although these votes are non-binding and do not take precedence over the decisions of the board, failure to give the results of votes due consideration can cause negative shareholder reactions.
1175:
A survey by Rimes
Technologies Corp of senior investment banking figures in the U.S. and UK showed that 86 percent expect that Dodd–Frank will significantly increase the cost of their data operations. Big banks "complained for years about a key feature of the Dodd–Frank overhaul requiring them to
1468:
In terms of the impact on the federal budget, the CBO estimates that deficits would reduce between 2011 and 2020, in part due to the risk-based assessment fees levied to initially capitalize the
Orderly Liquidation Fund; after which, a growing amount of revenue for the Fund would be derived from
1343:
Section 971 of Dodd–Frank deals with proxy access and shareholders' ability to nominate candidates for director positions in public companies. Provisions in the section allow shareholders to use proxy materials to contact and form groups with other shareholders in order to nominate new potential
754:
sent to shareholders to include their own director nominees, with the rules set by the SEC. This rule was unsuccessfully challenged in conference committee by Chris Dodd, who—under pressure from the White House—submitted an amendment limiting that access and ability to nominate directors only to
1531:
Law professor and bankruptcy expert David Skeel concluded that the law has two major themes: "government partnership with the largest Wall Street banks and financial institutions" and "a system of ad hoc interventions by regulators that are divorced from basic rule-of-law constraints." While he
1310:
of compensation policies, which work to ensure that executives do not profit from inaccurate financial reporting. These provisions require the SEC to create regulations that must be adopted by national stock exchanges, which in turn require publicly traded companies who wish to be listed on the
1290:
set standards for the compensation committees of publicly traded companies listed on these exchanges. Under these standards national stock exchanges are prohibited from listing public companies that do not have an independent compensation committee. To insure that compensation committees remain
1472:
The cost estimate also raises questions about the time-frame of capitalizing the Fund – their estimate took the projected value of fees collected for the Fund (and interest collected on the Fund) weighed against the expected expense of having to deal with corporate default(s) until 2020. Their
1302:
policies to determine executive compensation. Provisions from this section require the SEC to make regulations regarding the disclosure of executive compensation as well as regulations on how executive compensation is determined. New regulations require that compensation paid to executives be
1464:
released a cost-estimate of enacting the legislation. In its introduction, the CBO briefly discussed the legislation and then went on to generally state that it is unable to assess the cost of financial crises under current law, and added that estimating the cost of similar crises under this
1544:
The SEC's 2017 annual report on the Dodd–Frank whistleblower program stated: "Since the program’s inception, the SEC has ordered wrongdoers in enforcement matters involving whistleblower information to pay over $ 975 million in total monetary sanctions, including more than $ 671 million in
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895:
To promote the financial stability of the United States by improving accountability and transparency in the financial system, to end "too big to fail," to protect the
American taxpayer by ending bailouts, to protect consumers from abusive financial services practices, and for other
1165:, regarded the reforms as haphazard and dangerous, saying, "To some degree, it looks like they're just blowing up everything for the sake of change. . . . If this were to happen, the regulatory system would be in chaos for years. You have to look at the real-world impact of this."
925:
Of the existing agencies, changes are proposed, ranging from new powers to the transfer of powers in an effort to enhance the regulatory system. The institutions affected by these changes include most of the regulatory agencies currently involved in monitoring the financial system
601:
led to widespread calls for changes in the regulatory system. In June 2009, President Obama introduced a proposal for a "sweeping overhaul of the United States financial regulatory system, a transformation on a scale not seen since the reforms that followed the Great
Depression".
4886:
1314:
Section 955 of Dodd–Frank deals with employees' and directors' hedging practices. These provisions stipulate that the SEC must implement rules requiring public companies to disclose in proxy statements whether or not employees and directors of the company are permitted to hold a
1962:
Examining Constitutional Deficiencies and Legal Uncertainties in the Dodd–Frank Act: Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations of the Committee on Financial Services, U.S. House Of Representatives, One Hundred Thirteenth Congress, First Session, July 9,
697:), was passed only in the Senate bill, and the conference committee enacted the rule in a weakened form, Section 619 of the bill, that allowed banks to invest up to 3 percent of their tier 1 capital in private equity and hedge funds as well as trade for hedging purposes.
1364:, challenging the constitutionality of provisions of Dodd–Frank. The complaint asked the court to invalidate the law, arguing that it gives the federal government unprecedented, unchecked power. The lawsuit was amended on September 20, 2012, to include the states of
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1881:
1968:
Examining How the Dodd–Frank Act Hampers Home Ownership: Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Financial Institutions and Consumer Credit of the Committee on Financial Services, U.S. House of Representatives, One Hundred Thirteenth Congress, First Session, June 18,
900:
The Act changes the existing regulatory structure, by creating a number of new agencies (while merging and removing others) in an effort to streamline the regulatory process, increasing oversight of specific institutions regarded as a systemic risk, amending the
1248:
The tier 1 ratio represents the strength of the financial cushion that a bank maintains; the higher the ratio, the stronger the financial position of the bank, other things equal. Dodd–Frank set standards for improving this ratio and has been successful in that
1099:
Dodd felt it would be a “huge mistake” to craft the bill under the auspices of bipartisan compromise stating “(y)ou’re given very few moments in history to make this kind of a difference, and we're trying to do that." Put another way, Dodd construed the lack of
1120:, who in 2003 told auditors warning him of the risk caused by government subsidies in the mortgage market, "I want to roll the dice a little bit more in this situation toward subsidized housing" proposed his own legislative package of financial reforms in the
605:
As the finalized bill emerged from conference, President Obama said that it included 90 percent of the reforms he had proposed. Major components of Obama's original proposal, listed by the order in which they appear in the "A New Foundation" outline, include:
1262:
SEC to implement new regulations over several years and make adjustments as it analyzes the environment. Public companies will have to work to adopt new policies in order to adapt to the changing regulatory environment they will face over the coming years.
1327:
Additional provisions set forth by Dodd–Frank in section 972 require public companies to disclose in proxy statements reasons for why the current CEO and chairman of the board hold their positions. The same rule applies to new appointments for CEO or
1265:
Section 951 of Dodd–Frank deals with executive compensation. The provisions require the SEC to implement rules that require proxy statements for shareholder meetings to include a vote for shareholders to approve executive compensation by voting on
631:(FDIC) authority to allow for orderly winding down of bankrupt firms, and including a proposal that the Federal Reserve (the "Fed") receive authorization from the Treasury for extensions of credit in "unusual or exigent circumstances"; and
390:
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on any equity shares of the company. This applies to both employees and directors who are compensated with company stock as well as those who are simply owners of company stock. The SEC proposed rules regarding hedging in February 2015.
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1136:
echoed Shelby's sentiments, saying, "I feel exactly as Senator Shelby does about the Banking Committee negotiations," but voiced his concern about maintaining an active derivatives market and not driving financial firms overseas.
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3106:
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Regarding the Republican-led rollback of some provisions of Dodd–Frank in 2018, this move from increased regulation after a crisis to deregulation during an economic boom has been a recurrent feature in the United States.
716:. The initial version of the bill passed the House largely along party lines in December by a vote of 223 to 202, and passed the Senate with amendments in May 2010 with a vote of 59 to 39 again largely along party lines.
5275:
887:
The Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act is categorized into 16 titles and, by one law firm's count, it requires that regulators create 243 rules, conduct 67 studies, and issue 22 periodic reports.
1176:
keep billions of dollars in cash in reserves." In 2019 some, such as Wells-Fargo, offered higher deposit rates to government lenders, freeing up deposits previously held to maintain the required liquid coverage ratio.
723:, where the Senate bill was used as the base text although a few House provisions were included in the bill's base text. The final bill passed the Senate in a vote of 60-to-39, the minimum margin necessary to defeat a
9021:
905:, promoting transparency, and additional changes. The Act's intentions are to provide rigorous standards and supervision to protect the economy and American consumers, investors and businesses; end taxpayer-funded
1492:
called attention to the new ability of borrowers to sue lenders for misjudging their ability to repay a loan, predicting that smaller lenders would be forced to exit the mortgage market due to increased risk.
981:
1446:
On January 14, 2019, the Supreme Court refused to review the District of Columbia Circuit's decision to dismiss their challenge to the constitutionality of the CFPB's structure as an "independent" agency.
1442:
affirmed in part and reversed in part, holding that the bank, but not the states that later joined the lawsuit, had standing to challenge the law, and returned the case to Huvelle for further proceedings.
1131:
reported that he and Dodd were meeting "every day" and were attempting to forge a bipartisan bill. Shelby also expressed his optimism that a "good bill" will be reached, and that "we're closer than ever."
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conclusion was it would take longer than 10 years to fully capitalize the Fund (at which point they estimated it would be approximately 45 billion), although no specifics beyond that were expressed.
804:
exempting dozens of U.S. banks under a $ 250 billion asset threshold from the Dodd–Frank Act's banking regulations. On May 22, 2018, the law passed in the House of Representatives. On May 24, 2018,
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states that "the overall pattern of the legislation is disturbing," he also concludes that some are clearly helpful, such as the derivatives exchanges and the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau.
1521:
in August 2017, "The balance of research suggests that the core reforms we have put in place have substantially boosted resilience without unduly limiting credit availability or economic growth."
4140:
778:
Stability Act of 2010". The House passed the conference report, 237–192 on June 30, 2010. On July 15, the Senate passed the Act, 60–39. President Obama signed the bill into law on July 21, 2010.
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was not included in Obama's initial June 2009 proposal, but Obama proposed the rule later in January 2010, after the House bill had passed. The rule, which prohibits depository banks from
5745:
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3200:..."advanced the 'crown jewel' of the GOP-led regulatory reform effort, effectively gutting the Dodd-Frank financial regulations that were put in place during the Obama administration."
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agreed, saying "The whole governance and operation of the Federal Reserve has to be reviewed and should be reviewed. I don't think we can just assume, you know, business as usual."
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1332:. Public companies must find reasons supporting their decisions to retain an existing chairman of the board or CEO or reasons for selecting new ones to keep shareholders informed.
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1528:. Research also finds that Dodd–Frank's increased regulation of credit rating agencies negatively impacted financing and investment of firms worried about their credit ratings.
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new powers to regulate systemically important institutions. To handle the liquidation of large companies, the act created the Orderly Liquidation Authority. One provision, the
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even though legislators intended to target large financial institutions. Though other experts dispute this claim noting that community banks have been consolidating since the
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Continental European scholars have also discussed the necessity of far-reaching banking reforms in light of the current crisis of confidence, recommending the adoption of
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1172:(SIFMA)—the "top Wall Street lobby"—has expressed support for the law, and has urged Congress not to change or repeal it in order to prevent a stronger law from passing.
462:
introduced a proposal for a "sweeping overhaul of the United States financial regulatory system, a transformation on a scale not seen since the reforms that followed the
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1882:
Summary of the Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, Enacted into Law on July 21, 2010" Davis Polk, & Wardwell LLP, downloaded July 24, 2010
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Consumer protection reforms including a new consumer protection agency and uniform standards for "plain vanilla" products as well as strengthened investor protection;
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The bills that came after Obama's proposal were largely consistent with the proposal, but contained some additional provisions and differences in implementation.
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also added their own rules regarding the retention of committee advisors. These regulations were approved by the SEC in 2013 and took full effect in early 2014.
509:(CFPB). The CFPB was charged with protecting consumers against abuses related to credit cards, mortgages, and other financial products. The act also created the
5243:"More than 33,000 tips, $ 2.5 billion in financial remedies and $ 500 million in awards to investors – the SEC's whistleblower program turns 10 years old today"
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Various measures aimed at increasing international standards and cooperation including proposals related to improved accounting and tightened regulation of
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for merchants and increasing competition in payment processing. The provision was not in the House bill; it began as an amendment to the Senate bill from
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Liz Hoffman (May 7, 2019). "Banks Seek to Free Up Billions in Funds: Cash held aside to satisfy regulators could be put to more profitable uses".
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to raise capital and create new jobs; other opinion pieces suggest that such an impact would be due to a reduction in fraud or other misconduct.
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and even claim that community banks have been doing better since 2010 citing the decrease in community bank failures after the act was passed.
573:, argued that the law had a negative impact on economic growth and small banks. In 2018, parts of the law were repealed and rolled back by the
525:, restricts banks from making certain kinds of speculative investments. The act also repealed the exemption from regulation for security-based
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An Act to promote the financial stability of the United States by improving accountability and transparency in the financial system, to end "
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The consolidation of regulatory agencies, elimination of the national thrift charter, and new oversight council to evaluate systemic risk;
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and their subsidiaries will be supervised by the Fed in the same manner and to the same extent as if they were a bank holding company.
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The projection was a $ 5 billion or more deficit increase in at least one of the four consecutive ten-year periods starting in 2021.
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Summary of the Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, Passed by the House of Representatives on June 30, 2010.
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Since the passage of Dodd–Frank, many Republicans have called for a partial or total repeal of Dodd–Frank. On June 9, 2017,
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5002:"Dodd–Frank: Final Whistleblower Provisions Take Effect August 12th Is Your Company Ready? | Dinsmore & Shohl LLP"
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One provision on which the White House did not take a position and remained in the final bill allows the SEC to rule on "
4102:"SEC Stepping Up Fund Enforcement Actions: The Venture Alley: Entrepreneurs, Startups, Venture Capital, Angel Investors"
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and other transactions to be cleared through either exchanges or clearinghouses. Other provisions affect issues such as
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2776:"Bill Summary & Status – 111th Congress (2009–2010) – H.R.4173 – All Information – THOMAS (Library of Congress)"
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as provided by the U.S. Senate Banking Committee and published byuseconomy.about.com; downloaded November 29, 2012
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as provided by Morrison & Foerster in 2010 and published byuseconomy.about.com; downloaded December 1, 2012
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5268:"Prepared Opening Statement of CFPB Director Richard Cordray Before the House Committee on Financial Services"
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single shareholders who have over 5 percent of the company and have held the stock for at least two years.
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Dodd–Frank Act, Commentary and Insights by Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP & Affiliates
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Regulations covering these requirements were implemented in January 2011 and took effect in April 2011.
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Sharma, Bina; Adhikari, Binay Kumar; Agrawal, Anup; Arthur, Bruno; Rabarison, Monika (September 2022).
2239:
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Responding to widespread calls for changes to the financial regulatory system, in June 2009, President
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3373:"A lot of people heard what Barney Frank said about the new banking law. Few knew he works for a bank"
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President Barack Obama addresses reporters about the economy and the need for financial reform in the
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To the extent that the Act affects all federal financial regulatory agencies, eliminating one (the
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3097:"Wall Street reform passes Senate: 60–39 vote approves sweeping bill to overhaul financial system"
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2881:"SEC Votes to Propose Rule Amendments to Facilitate Rights of Shareholders to Nominate Directors"
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2418:
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1489:
4128:"CEA 2017 Economic Report of the President-Chapter One-Eight Years of Recovery and Reinvestment"
3729:. The Harvard Law School Forum on Corporate Governance and Financial Regulation. July 15, 2010.
2995:
1933:
Barth, James; Jahera, John (August 3, 2010). "US enacts sweeping financial reform legislation".
1524:
Some experts have argued that Dodd–Frank does not protect consumers adequately and does not end
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The "Pay Ratio Provision" in the Dodd–Frank Act: Legislation to Repeal It in the 113th Congress
1907:
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1059:
694:
635:
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223:
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8194:
5192:
5187:"Regulatory Cycles: Revisiting the Political Economy of Financial Crises". SSRN. May 1, 2016.
3578:"Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (Enrolled Final Version – HR 4173)"
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would join the lawsuit. The second amended complaint included those new states as plaintiffs.
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On August 1, 2013, U.S. District Judge Ellen Segal Huvelle dismissed the lawsuit for lack of
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as well as their advisors and legal teams. These provisions require the SEC to make national
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to identify threats to the financial stability of the United States of America, and gave the
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1929:– Every proposed, interim and final rule as tracked by the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
208:
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5651:
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5174:
5132:"Unintended Consequences of the Dodd–Frank Act on Credit Rating Risk and Corporate Finance"
4877:"Four years into Dodd-Frank, local banks say this is the year they'll feel the most impact"
4799:
3543:
3477:
3349:
2467:
Confer Thomas Philippon: "The future of the financial industry," Finance Department of the
1989:
The Dodd-Frank Wall Street reform and Consumer Protection Act : Title VII, derivatives
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1574:
1396:
1258:
1199:
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790:, legislation that would "undo significant parts" of Dodd–Frank, passed the House 233–186.
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614:
542:
534:
530:
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448:
391:
Consumer Financial Protection Bureau v. Community Financial Services Ass'n of America, Ltd.
355:
182:
16:
Regulatory act implemented by the Obama administration after the 2007–2008 financial crisis
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The New Financial Deal: Understanding the Dodd–Frank Act and Its (Unintended) Consequences
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395:
8:
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160:
47:, to protect consumers from abusive financial services practices, and for other purposes.
4410:"Implications of the Dodd–Frank Act on Corporate Governance Preparation for IPO Issuers"
2927:
835:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
548:
Dodd–Frank is generally regarded as one of the most significant laws enacted during the
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4744:"D.C. Circuit revives constitutional challenge to Consumer Financial Protection Bureau"
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Tools for financial crisis, including a "resolution regime" complementing the existing
343:
4829:
3445:"Barney Frank Pushed to Ease Financial Regulations After Joining Signature Bank Board"
2240:"Speech by Chair Yellen on financial stability a decade after the onset of the crisis"
1913:
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6797:
6059:
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3989:
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2385:
2306:"The Dodd-Frank Act: A Flawed and Inadequate Response to the Too-Big-To-Fail Problem"
2166:
2011:
491:
9402:
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7574:
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5822:
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3676:
3665:"Does Regulatory Jurisdiction Affect the Quality of Investment-Adviser Regulation?"
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1942:
1271:
1071:
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750:"—meaning that qualifying shareholders, including groups, can modify the corporate
613:
Comprehensive regulation of financial markets, including increased transparency of
5337:
3247:"The House quietly voted to destroy post-financial-crisis Wall Street regulations"
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as plaintiffs. The states asked the court to review the constitutionality of the
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693:(similar to the prohibition of combined investment and commercial banking in the
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Bank Regulation and Financial Orthodoxy: the Lessons from the Glass-Steagall Act
3915:"Rimes survey reveals increased regulation focusing buy-side on data governance"
2266:"Yellen: Financial rules have made economy stronger, changes should be 'modest'"
1914:
Dodd–Frank Act, A Brief Legislative History with Links, Reports, & Summaries
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3757:"Dodd's Banking Bill Takes The Fed Down A Notch Or Two: HELP US DIG THROUGH IT"
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3280:"Here's a breakdown of the Republican plan to tear up Wall Street regulations"
1946:
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in the House as "The Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2009" (
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4550:"Aligning the Interest of Company Executives and Directors with Shareholders"
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3422:
3386:
2141:"The Impact of the Dodd-Frank Act on Financial Stability and Economic Growth"
2109:"The Impact of the Dodd-Frank Act on Financial Stability and Economic Growth"
2042:
2015:
1991:. Washington D.C.: Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service (CRS).
1428:
1384:
1336:
1207:
1198:, such rules should be adopted and implemented within the broader context of
740:
732:
728:
552:. Studies have found the Dodd–Frank Act has improved financial stability and
538:
235:
5207:"SEC-2017 Annual Report to Congress-Whistleblower Program-November 15, 2017"
2157:
2140:
2004:"What You Should Know About Dodd-Frank and What Happens If It's Rolled Back"
1919:
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2442:"Trump signs the biggest rollback of bank rules since the financial crisis"
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1096:, but rather that "t's about putting together an architecture that works".
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Provisions of the Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act
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482:(D-CT). Most congressional support for Dodd–Frank came from members of the
471:
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296:
227:
5043:"Regulation, employment, and the economy: Fears of job loss are overblown"
4795:"Supreme Court refuses to hear case challenging constitutionality of CFPB"
2381:"House votes along party lines to repeal key Dodd-Frank financial reforms"
1953:
556:, although there has been debate regarding its economic effects. In 2017,
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On December 2, 2009, revised versions of the bill were introduced in the
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128:
1887:
Summary of the Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act
1582:
497:
Dodd–Frank reorganized the financial regulatory system, eliminating the
9160:
8513:
7614:
7566:
5472:
2557:
A New Foundation : rebuilding financial supervision and regulation
2065:"U.S. Senate: U.S. Senate Roll Call Votes 111th Congress - 2nd Session"
1267:
1183:
1146:
1089:
1064:
713:
671:
585:
479:
3518:"As Congress approves Dodd-Frank repeal, consumer advocates fire back"
2264:
Schroeder, Howard Schneider, Jonathan Spicer, Pete (August 25, 2017).
1257:(SEC) to implement several new rules and regulations that will affect
1141:
indicated her desire to see state banks have access to the Fed, while
1014:
Investor Protections and Improvements to the Regulation of Securities;
952:
Title III—Transfer of Powers to the Comptroller, the FDIC, and the FED
9146:
8552:
8157:
6207:
6170:
5503:
5344:
3867:"Senate Republicans Press Conference on Financial Reform Legislation"
1967:
1961:
5163:
4178:"Corporate Governance and Reform – The Impact of the Dodd–Frank Act"
2543:
Remarks by the President on 21st Century Financial Regulatory Reform
1861:
Americans for Financial Reform Letters and Statements about the bill
678:
prior to a financial regulatory reform announcement on June 17, 2009
165:
Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery, and Enforcement Act of 1989
7646:
6656:
6175:
5575:
5434:
4232:"Dodd–Frank affects private companies too: practice points to note"
3816:
3761:
3522:
2094:
1873:
1863:
Americans for Financial Reform Letters and Statements about the Act
1412:
1408:
1404:
1373:
1365:
1307:
44:
6218:
4346:"Summary of Corporate Governance Provisions in the Dodd–Frank Act"
2671:"Side-by-Side Comparison Chart – Key Senate and House Bill Issues"
1850:
Dodd Frank – Summary of the Act/Rulemaking and News/Current Events
1548:
6180:
4973:
2906:
2269:
1416:
1392:
1206:. This perspective has gained ground after the unraveling of the
906:
3837:"Hey, Barney Frank: The Government Did Cause the Housing Crisis"
2992:"The Durbin Amendment Ignites a Lobbying Frenzy on Capitol Hill"
762:" is a provision in the final bill aimed at reducing debit card
739:
were the only Republican senators who voted for the bill, while
7108:
6641:
List of banks acquired or bankrupted during the Great Recession
4927:. Harvard Mossavar-Rahmani Center for Business and Government.
4010:
M. Nicolas J. Firzli quoted by Marie Lepesant (June 11, 2012).
3870:
3787:"Legislation by Senator Dodd would overhaul banking regulators"
3584:
3313:"How House Bill Would Dismantle an Array of Dodd-Frank Reforms"
3004:"Durbin Cedes Ground on Debit Caps as Support Erodes (Update1)"
2712:"Congress' Conference Committee Completed for Financial Reform"
2216:. Harvard Mossavar-Rahmani Center for Business and Government.
2145:
RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences
1660:
1596:
1388:
1292:
1127:
During a Senate Republican press conference on April 21, 2010,
1047:
575:
Economic Growth, Regulatory Relief, and Consumer Protection Act
4280:"Strategies for Going Public: The changing landscape for IPOs"
3614:"Restoring American Financial Stability Act of 2010 – Summary"
1831:
Economic Growth, Regulatory Relief and Consumer Protection Act
1186:
that would go further than Dodd–Frank—notably in France where
802:
Economic Growth, Regulatory Relief and Consumer Protection Act
798:
Economic Growth, Regulatory Relief and Consumer Protection Act
313:
Economic Growth, Regulatory Relief and Consumer Protection Act
6987:
Acquired or bankrupt banks in the late 2000s financial crisis
4689:
3663:
Charoenwong, Ben; Kwan, Alan; Umar, Tarik (October 1, 2019).
3214:"Bill to Erase Some Dodd-Frank Banking Rules Passes in House"
1424:
1356:
joined the State National Bank of Big Spring, Texas, and the
1335:
Provisions from Dodd–Frank found in section 922 also address
1253:
The Dodd–Frank Act has several provisions that call upon the
996:
Transfer of Powers to the Comptroller, the FDIC, and the Fed;
157:
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Improvement Act of 1991
6476:
3648:. Allan J. P. Rooney, P.C. December 14, 2010. Archived from
2839:
Applebaum, Binyamin; Herszenhorn, David M. (July 15, 2010).
2414:"Trump Signs Banking Bill, Adding to Regulators' To-Do List"
1079:, the top-ranking Republican on the Senate Banking Committee
5129:
5000:
Dinsmore & Shohl LLP on July 29, 2011 (July 29, 2011).
4155:
3960:
3727:"Summary and Implementation Schedule of the Dodd–Frank Act"
3238:
2446:
1400:
1187:
466:." Legislation based on his proposal was introduced in the
8694:
5272:
Consumer Financial Protection Bureau – consumerfinance.gov
4609:"Dodd–Frank Unconstitutional Power-Grab, Says New Lawsuit"
3409:"Back-to-Back Bank Collapses Came After Deregulatory Push"
2869:"Financial Reform Bill Leaves Proxy Access Rules with SEC"
1210:
in July 2012, with mainstream opinion leaders such as the
6982:
Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act
6507:
Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act
5350:
Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act
5330:
Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act
4692:"Dodd–Frank Stands as Judge Rejects Suit by States, Bank"
4597:), no. 12-01032 (D.D.C, filed July 12, 2012); (complaint)
3175:
1347:
1232:
speculated that the law would make it more expensive for
501:, assigning new jobs to existing agencies similar to the
437:
Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act
22:
Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act
4969:"Analysis: Dodd–Frank, the jobs bill no one talks about"
2971:"Durbin Statement On His Debit Card Swipe Fee Amendment"
2623:"Obama's 'Volcker Rule' shifts power away from Geithner"
2139:
Martin Neil Baily; Aaron Klein; Justin Schardin (2017).
1240:
Corporate governance issues and U.S. public corporations
9410:
Water Infrastructure Finance and Innovation Act of 2014
3785:
Appelbaum, Binyamin; Brady Dennis (November 11, 2009).
3473:"Senate passes bipartisan bill to roll back Dodd-Frank"
2091:"Trump wounds but can't kill Obama's Wall Street rules"
1104:
amendments as a sign " that the bill is a strong one".
796:
said parts of the act were a mistake and supported the
743:
was the lone Senate Democrat to vote against the bill.
642:
At President Obama's request, Congress later added the
9396:
Regulation of greenhouse gases under the Clean Air Act
6618:
National fiscal policy response to the Great Recession
4904:
Dodd–Frank Mortgage Rules Unleash Predatory Regulators
1026:
Improving Access to Mainstream Financial Institutions;
447:
that was enacted on July 21, 2010. The law overhauled
3784:
3130:"Obama Signs Legislation Overhauling Financial Rules"
2693:"New Finance Rules Pass As Emanuel Says 'Just Do It'"
1706:
Swiss referendum "against corporate Rip-offs" of 2013
1440:
Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit
1216:
editorialists calling for the adoption of an EU-wide
1170:
Securities Industry and Financial Markets Association
371:
Seila Law LLC v. Consumer Financial Protection Bureau
5260:
4824:
4822:
4820:
4818:
4454:"Executive Compensation Under Dodd–Frank: an Update"
3885:"Wall Street lobbyists to GOP: Hands off Dodd-Frank"
3755:
Nasiripour, Shahien; Ryan Grim (November 10, 2009).
2838:
2570:
Obama's Financial Reform Plan: The Condensed Version
2089:
Guida, Victoria; Warmbrodt, Zachary (May 21, 2018).
1846:– Summary of the legislation, via banking.senate.gov
1564:
7032:
Public–Private Investment Program for Legacy Assets
5813:
Public–Private Investment Program for Legacy Assets
3754:
3662:
2613:
2611:
1656:
List of financial regulatory authorities by country
1539:
649:
6737:(Europe, Middle East and North Africa, Asia; 2009)
4690:Joel Rosenblatt; Tom Schoenberg (August 2, 2013).
3163:"How 'Dodd-Frank' is becoming the new 'Obamacare'"
2841:"Financial Overhaul Signals Shift on Deregulation"
1904:Financial Regulatory Reform: What You Need to Know
1194:banking experts have argued that, beyond national
98:
8647:
6861:
4815:
3493:"Bank Deregulation Bill Becomes Law | Cadwalader"
2816:"Congress Starts to Merge Financial Reform Bills"
2665:
2663:
2661:
1282:Section 952 of Dodd–Frank deals with independent
999:Regulation of Advisers to Hedge Funds and Others;
9467:
6545:
4775:State National Bank of Big Spring, et al. v. Lew
4722:State National Bank of Big Spring, et al. v. Lew
4595:State National Bank of Big Spring, et al. v. Lew
3606:
3029:Major Parts of the Financial Regulation Overhaul
2608:
2534:
2532:
2244:Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System
1362:U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia
1145:had concerns over transparency, and the lack of
946:(SIPC), etc.), and the final elimination of the
490:voted for the bill, allowing it to overcome the
4732:, no. 12-01032 (D.D.C, August 1, 2013); (order)
4637:
1549:Consumer Financial Protection Bureau activities
1032:Mortgage Reform and Anti-Predatory Lending Act;
9320:American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009
8927:Joint session of Congress (health care reform)
7007:Federal takeover of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac
6588:American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009
6453:Office of Federal Housing Enterprise Oversight
5136:Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis
5041:Irons, John; Shapiro, Isaac (April 12, 2011).
4646:"AG Schmidt joins challenge to Dodd–Frank Act"
4012:"Le Modèle des Banques Françaises en Question"
3551:
2902:"White House intervenes on shareholder rights"
2860:
2858:
2856:
2802:"Senate Passes Landmark Financial Reform Bill"
2658:
2642:"Remarks by the President on Financial Reform"
2596:Remarks by the President on Wall Street Reform
2412:Tracy, Ryan; Ackerman, Andrew (May 24, 2018).
2088:
1455:
1011:Payment, Clearing, and Settlement Supervision;
704:by then–financial services committee chairman
43:", to protect the American taxpayer by ending
8680:
7799:Inaugural Celebration at the Lincoln Memorial
7685:
7168:Illinois State Senator from the 13th district
7124:
6847:
6234:
6203:Personal consumption expenditures price index
5378:
4943:"The Impact of Dodd Frank on Community Banks"
4583:State National Bank of Big Spring v. Geithner
3345:"Barney Frank admits 'mistake' in Dodd-Frank"
2529:
2505:"Both Sides of the Aisle See More Regulation"
2411:
2310:Gw Law Faculty Publications & Other Works
2038:"This is Obama's most underrated achievement"
1869:"Finding a Good Financial Bill in 2300 Pages"
6977:Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008
6512:Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008
5040:
4577:
4575:
2469:New York University Stern School of Business
2289:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2181:"Did Dodd-Frank really hurt the US economy?"
1793:Garn–St. Germain Depository Institutions Act
1156:
1008:Wall Street Transparency and Accountability;
8289:By the People: The Election of Barack Obama
7047:2009 Supervisory Capital Assessment Program
7017:Homeowners Affordability and Stability Plan
5802:2009 Supervisory Capital Assessment Program
5719:Federal Reserve v. Investment Co. Institute
5026:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
4830:"Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate"
4003:
3994:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
3943:
3859:
3646:"Dodd–Frank SEC Registration – An Overview"
3184:"House votes to kill Dodd-Frank. Now what?"
3094:
2948:, the Senate version. The amendment passed
2853:
2555:Original 89-page proposal document at GPO:
2378:
2329:
1932:
1805:Commodity Futures Modernization Act of 2000
1681:Regulatory responses to the subprime crisis
1646:Financial privacy laws in the United States
800:. On March 14, 2018, the Senate passed the
8687:
8673:
7762:Republican and conservative support (2008)
7692:
7678:
7131:
7117:
7057:Term Asset-Backed Securities Loan Facility
6854:
6840:
6649:
6603:Fraud Enforcement and Recovery Act of 2009
6527:Term Asset-Backed Securities Loan Facility
6241:
6227:
5807:Term Asset-Backed Securities Loan Facility
5392:
5385:
5371:
4627:"Dodd-Frank Challenge – Amended Complaint"
4600:
4485:"SEC Adopts CEO pay Ratio Disclosure Rule"
2994:. Digital Transaction News. Archived from
2770:
2768:
2766:
2764:
2709:
2541:Initial speech: Obama B. (June 17, 2009).
1691:Securities regulation in the United States
1380:established under Title II of Dodd–Frank.
944:Securities Investor Protection Corporation
271:Reported by the joint conference committee
9526:United States federal banking legislation
8399:Obama: In Pursuit of a More Perfect Union
6972:Housing and Economic Recovery Act of 2008
6783:Effects of the Great Recession on museums
6613:Housing and Economic Recovery Act of 2008
6497:China–Japan–South Korea trilateral summit
5147:
5097:
4925:"The State and Fate of Community Banking"
4922:
4572:
4513:
4451:
4040:
3780:
3778:
3776:
3750:
3748:
3570:
3211:
2899:
2646:White House Office of the Press Secretary
2263:
2214:"The State and Fate of Community Banking"
2211:
2156:
2001:
1916:Law Librarians' Society of Washington, DC
1817:Fair and Accurate Credit Transactions Act
1728:Comprehensive Capital Analysis and Review
1701:Subprime mortgage crisis solutions debate
1479:
1383:In February 2013 Kansas attorney general
936:Office of the Comptroller of the Currency
9481:Acts of the 111th United States Congress
8658:) is being considered for deletion. See
8186:There's No One as Irish as Barack O'Bama
6477:Government policy and spending responses
6443:Government National Mortgage Association
4857:Say goodbye to traditional free checking
4784:, no. 13-5247 (D.C. Cir, July 24, 2015).
4633:from the original on September 28, 2012.
4120:
3834:
3719:
3442:
2804:. Washington Independent. July 15, 2010.
2478:"Stern on Finance - New York University"
2303:
1517:According to Federal Reserve Chairwoman
1485:regulatory compliance teams has grown.
1360:as plaintiffs in a lawsuit filed in the
1243:
1070:
1058:
1046:
986:The law has various titles relating to:
870:
851:
653:
584:
7088:Financial position of the United States
6537:2008 United Kingdom bank rescue package
5079:from the original on September 11, 2017
5008:from the original on September 11, 2011
4679:from the original on February 18, 2013.
4656:from the original on February 21, 2013.
4615:from the original on February 22, 2013.
4547:
4482:
4104:. The Venture Alley. December 7, 2011.
4082:from the original on September 11, 2017
3824:from the original on February 11, 2017.
3799:from the original on November 15, 2016.
3769:from the original on February 11, 2017.
3536:
2761:
2734:
2652:from the original on February 16, 2017.
2352:
2332:"The Growth Consequences of Dodd-Frank"
2035:
1083:
1018:Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection
932:U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission
920:Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection
580:
9468:
5483:Monetary Policy Report to the Congress
4981:from the original on December 31, 2011
4931:from the original on January 20, 2017.
4923:Lux, Marshall; Robert, Greene (2015).
4560:from the original on November 10, 2016
4526:from the original on November 10, 2016
4514:Bachelder, Joseph (October 28, 2015).
4495:from the original on November 10, 2016
4464:from the original on November 10, 2016
4426:from the original on November 10, 2016
4407:
4403:
4401:
4399:
4397:
4395:
4393:
4391:
4356:from the original on November 10, 2016
4343:
4339:
4337:
4335:
4333:
4331:
4296:from the original on November 10, 2016
4277:
4242:from the original on November 10, 2016
4225:
4223:
4188:from the original on November 10, 2016
4022:from the original on December 18, 2012
3895:from the original on December 16, 2018
3803:
3773:
3745:
3406:
3310:
3127:
3061:via House Financial Services Committee
2875:from the original on January 23, 2015.
2778:. Library of Congress. July 21, 2010.
2724:from the original on January 27, 2017.
2502:
2439:
2212:Lux, Marshall; Robert, Greene (2015).
2121:from the original on September 5, 2017
1986:
1348:Constitutional challenge to Dodd–Frank
468:United States House of Representatives
8668:
7673:
7112:
6835:
6522:Temporary Liquidity Guarantee Program
6492:Banking (Special Provisions) Act 2008
6475:
6413:Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
6222:
5776:Unfair or Deceptive Acts or Practices
5366:
5098:Morgenson, Gretchen (June 25, 2010),
4967:Alper, Alexandra (October 27, 2011).
4966:
4889:from the original on August 23, 2017.
4741:
4702:from the original on October 29, 2013
4669:"Dodd–Frank Second Amended Complaint"
4543:
4541:
4447:
4445:
4443:
4441:
4389:
4387:
4385:
4383:
4381:
4379:
4377:
4375:
4373:
4371:
4329:
4327:
4325:
4323:
4321:
4319:
4317:
4315:
4313:
4311:
4273:
4271:
4269:
4267:
4265:
4263:
4261:
4259:
4257:
4221:
4219:
4217:
4215:
4213:
4211:
4209:
4207:
4205:
4203:
4175:
4171:
4169:
4167:
4165:
4146:from the original on January 20, 2017
3835:Wallison, Peter (December 13, 2011).
3812:"GOP Sen. Shelby: Reorganize The Fed"
3277:
3244:
3181:
2828:from the original on August 18, 2010.
2621:Cho, D; Appelbaum, B (January 2010).
2517:from the original on February 8, 2017
2484:from the original on October 20, 2008
2355:"How Dodd-Frank Hurts the Little Guy"
2220:from the original on January 20, 2017
2193:from the original on January 24, 2018
1867:Davidoff, Steven M. (July 15, 2010).
1755:Temporary National Economic Committee
1306:Section 954 of Dodd–Frank deals with
1298:Section 953 of Dodd–Frank deals with
928:Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
912:Financial Stability Oversight Council
891:The stated aim of the legislation is
629:Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
511:Financial Stability Oversight Council
505:, and creating new agencies like the
503:Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
175:Revised Statutes of the United States
172:Protecting Tenants at Foreclosure Act
9506:Great Recession in the United States
9496:Consumer Financial Protection Bureau
9334:Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act of 2009
6408:Consumer Financial Protection Bureau
6191:Monetary policy of the United States
5770:Emergency Economic Stabilization Act
5727:Northeast Bancorp v. Federal Reserve
5700:Humphrey–Hawkins Full Employment Act
5302:Consumer Financial Protection Bureau
4866:, Associated Press, October 25, 2010
4846:from the original on April 29, 2010.
4756:from the original on August 14, 2015
4742:Adler, Jonathan H. (July 24, 2015).
4611:. Competitive Enterprise Institute.
4606:
4452:Bachelder, Joseph (April 17, 2014).
4229:
3809:
3594:from the original on October 7, 2010
3470:
3160:
3095:Hartenstein, Meena (July 15, 2010).
2782:from the original on August 19, 2014
2330:Holtz-Eakin, Douglas (May 6, 2015).
1935:Journal of Financial Economic Policy
1641:Commodity Futures Trading Commission
1555:Consumer Financial Protection Bureau
815:
808:signed the partial repeal into law.
507:Consumer Financial Protection Bureau
351:Digital Realty Trust, Inc. v. Somers
8267:Signed, Sealed, Delivered I'm Yours
7207:2004 Democratic National Convention
7152:44th President of the United States
6698:Collateralized mortgage obligations
6248:
5478:Federal Reserve Statistical Release
5223:from the original on April 14, 2018
4666:
4643:
4548:Aguilar, Luis (February 16, 2015).
4108:from the original on April 26, 2012
3937:
3847:from the original on March 23, 2018
2977:from the original on July 29, 2010.
2737:"It Has A Name: The Dodd/Frank Act"
2681:from the original on July 27, 2011.
2503:Calmes, Jackie (October 13, 2008).
593:of U.S. financial sector since 1860
13:
7887:Barack Obama: Der schwarze Kennedy
5764:Subprime mortgage crisis responses
5112:from the original on June 28, 2010
4538:
4483:Gregory, Holly (August 14, 2015).
4438:
4368:
4308:
4254:
4200:
4162:
4078:. Online.wsj.com. April 22, 2010.
4055:from the original on July 16, 2012
4034:
3733:from the original on July 19, 2010
3443:Bykowicz, Julie (March 13, 2023).
3109:from the original on July 18, 2010
2968:
2900:Drawbaugh, Kevin (June 17, 2010).
2887:from the original on July 7, 2017.
2871:. Business Ethics. June 25, 2010.
2749:from the original on July 24, 2010
2635:from the original on June 8, 2017.
1920:Dodd–Frank Regulatory Reform Rules
1837:
1512:
1255:Securities and Exchange Commission
1023:Federal Reserve System Provisions;
865:House Financial Services Committee
861:Federal Reserve Board of Governors
646:to this proposal in January 2010.
103:Tooltip Public Law (United States)
14:
9537:
8662:to help reach a consensus. ›
7829:Gates–Crowley Rose Garden meeting
6793:2007–2008 world food price crisis
6593:Chinese economic stimulus program
6578:2008 European Union stimulus plan
6502:Commercial Paper Funding Facility
5829:Commercial Paper Funding Facility
5782:Commercial Paper Funding Facility
5323:
5100:"Strong Enough for Tough Stains?"
5069:"The Dodd–Frank Financial Reform"
4948:. Americans for Financial Freedom
4667:Sam, Kazman (February 13, 2013).
4607:Hall, Christine (June 21, 2012).
4408:Wilson, John (December 3, 2010).
4344:Jenson, David (August 15, 2010).
4230:Weil, Andrew (December 3, 2013).
4076:"Angels Out of America – WSJ.com"
4016:Le Parisien Aujourd’hui en France
3961:M Nicolas Firzli (January 2010),
3539:"Trump signs Dodd-Frank rollback"
3311:Finkle, Victoria (June 8, 2017).
3161:Bump, Philip (October 30, 2014).
2735:Paletta, Damian (June 25, 2010).
2393:from the original on June 8, 2017
2379:Puzzanghera, Jim (June 8, 2017).
2304:Wilmarth, Arthur (January 2011).
2002:Lovegrove, Nick (March 2, 2017).
1893:The Dodd–Frank Act: a cheat sheet
781:
169:International Banking Act of 1978
8630:
8629:
8177:The President Sang Amazing Grace
7699:
7138:
6821:List of countries by public debt
6448:National Asset Management Agency
6166:Criticism of the Federal Reserve
5740:Expedited Funds Availability Act
5456:
5308:from the original on May 5, 2018
5298:"Semi-Annual Report Spring 2017"
5290:
5278:from the original on May 4, 2018
5235:
5199:
5180:
5156:
5123:
5091:
5061:
5034:
4993:
4960:
4935:
4916:
4893:
4673:Competitive Enterprise Institute
4516:"The SEC Proposed Clawback Rule"
4041:Editorial, Page (July 3, 2012).
3619:. 111th Congress. Archived from
3407:Enrich, David (March 13, 2023).
3212:Rappeport, Alan (June 8, 2017).
3142:from the original on May 8, 2018
3128:Cooper, Helene (July 21, 2010).
1609:
1595:
1581:
1567:
1540:Whistleblower-driven settlements
1354:Competitive Enterprise Institute
820:
770:and led to lobbying against it.
650:Legislative response and passage
261:Passed the Senate with amendment
27:
9501:Consumer protection legislation
9444:← George W. Bush administration
7968:Between Barack and a Hard Place
7725:Citizenship conspiracy theories
6776:2008 Central Asia energy crisis
6693:Collateralized debt obligations
5634:U.S. Treasury Department Accord
5345:Statute Compilations collection
4869:
4850:
4787:
4768:
4735:
4714:
4683:
4660:
4619:
4507:
4476:
4094:
4068:
4043:"Restoring trust after Diamond"
3954:
3907:
3877:
3828:
3810:Grim, Ryan (October 22, 2009).
3707:
3695:
3656:
3638:
3530:
3510:
3485:
3471:Lane, Sylvan (March 14, 2018).
3464:
3436:
3400:
3365:
3337:
3304:
3271:
3205:
3154:
3121:
3088:
3076:
3064:
3045:
3022:
2981:
2962:
2921:
2893:
2832:
2808:
2794:
2728:
2703:
2685:
2588:
2496:
2461:
2433:
2405:
2372:
2346:
2323:
2297:
2257:
2232:
2114:. Brookings. October 24, 2014.
2036:Konczal, Mike (July 21, 2015).
1824:Credit Rating Agency Reform Act
1768:Investment Advisers Act of 1940
1749:Securities Exchange Act of 1934
1223:
963:non-bank financial institutions
859:(lower-right), Chairman of the
179:Securities Exchange Act of 1934
9511:Insurance in the United States
9375:Lautenberg Chemical Safety Act
8528:Barack Obama's summer playlist
8049:Where's the Birth Certificate?
7792:First inauguration invitations
7042:Primary Dealer Credit Facility
6911:Role of credit rating agencies
6871:Background / timeline
6583:2008–2009 Keynesian resurgence
6428:Federal Housing Finance Agency
6423:Federal Housing Administration
5836:Corner Post v. Federal Reserve
5788:Primary Dealer Credit Facility
3537:Balluck, Kyle (May 24, 2018).
2640:Obama, Barack (January 2010).
2440:Pramuk, Jacob (May 24, 2018).
2353:Webster, John (May 23, 2018).
2205:
2173:
2132:
2101:
2082:
2057:
2029:
1995:
1980:
1957:Congressional Research Service
1774:Investment Company Act of 1940
1161:Ed Yingling, president of the
993:Orderly Liquidation Authority;
149:Consumer Credit Protection Act
1:
9453:Donald Trump administration →
9179:Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act
7905:The Case Against Barack Obama
7378:U.S. House of Representatives
7062:Troubled Asset Relief Program
6967:Economic Stimulus Act of 2008
6863:U.S. subprime mortgage crisis
6598:Economic Stimulus Act of 2008
6532:Troubled Asset Relief Program
6458:Office of Financial Stability
6433:Federal Housing Finance Board
6367:Société Générale trading loss
5425:Federal Open Market Committee
3182:Borak, Donna (June 8, 2017).
2987:Durbin Amendment opposition:
2677:. Davis Polk & Wardwell.
1974:
1906:, By Matthew G. Lamoreaux in
1603:Business and economics portal
1378:Orderly Liquidation Authority
1035:Miscellaneous Provisions; and
975:
201:15 U.S.C.: Commerce and Trade
153:Federal Deposit Insurance Act
8249:Barack Obama vs. Mitt Romney
7878:Obama: From Promise to Power
7741:Religion conspiracy theories
6902:United States housing bubble
6517:Irish emergency budget, 2009
5795:Bloomberg v. Federal Reserve
5694:Electronic Fund Transfer Act
5676:Home Mortgage Disclosure Act
5670:Equal Credit Opportunity Act
5558:National Monetary Commission
3557:Davis Polk. (July 9, 2010).
2675:Pew Financial Reform Project
1671:Office of Financial Research
1192:World Pensions Council (WPC)
1163:American Bankers Association
970:Office of Thrift Supervision
948:Office of Thrift Supervision
916:Office of Financial Research
867:hearing on February 10, 2009
515:Office of Financial Research
499:Office of Thrift Supervision
197:12 U.S.C.: Banks and Banking
65:111th United States Congress
7:
8546:Barack Obama Day (Illinois)
7755:Jeremiah Wright controversy
7718:Oprah Winfrey's endorsement
4837:Congressional Budget Office
3970:(in French), archived from
3245:Bryan, Bob (June 9, 2017).
2617:Obama on the Volcker Rule:
1787:Securities and Exchange Act
1782:(Securities Disclosure Act)
1762:Trust Indenture Act of 1939
1560:
1456:Congressional Budget Office
1042:
1005:Improvements to Regulation;
811:
320:United States Supreme Court
253:on December 11, 2009 (
10:
9542:
9516:Presidency of Barack Obama
9096:Killing of Osama bin Laden
8885:Presidential proclamations
8696:Presidency of Barack Obama
8655:Presidency of Barack Obama
8389:Renegades: Born in the USA
7245:Change Has Come to America
7160:U.S. Senator from Illinois
6992:Capital Assistance Program
6934:2007–2008 financial crisis
6816:2007–2008 financial crisis
6708:Mortgage-backed securities
6319:Automotive industry crisis
5991:Vice Chair for Supervision
5688:Federal Reserve Reform Act
5682:Community Reinvestment Act
4650:Attorney General of Kansas
4176:Cogut, Casey (June 2011).
4065:quoting FT Editorial Page.
3278:Bryan, Bob (May 5, 2017).
2944:December 17, 2012, at the
2594:Obama B. (June 25, 2010).
1626:2007–2008 financial crisis
979:
599:2007–2008 financial crisis
550:presidency of Barack Obama
439:, commonly referred to as
9437:
9419:
9364:
9302:
9170:
9074:Withdrawal of U.S. troops
8990:
8919:Joint session of Congress
8910:
8712:
8703:
8603:
8574:Higher Ground Productions
8537:
8430:
8277:
8240:Hope! – Das Obama Musical
8139:I Got a Crush... on Obama
8122:
7859:
7836:Firing of Shirley Sherrod
7707:
7669:
7548:
7413:
7395:
7340:
7331:
7278:
7214:Pre-presidential speeches
7182:
7178:
7146:
7093:Foreclosure rescue scheme
7075:
7002:Federal Reserve responses
6957:
6949:Indirect economic effects
6924:
6906:housing market correction
6892:
6869:
6806:
6763:
6721:
6713:Secondary mortgage market
6678:
6634:rescues, and acquisitions
6632:Government interventions,
6631:
6623:Zero interest-rate policy
6570:
6482:
6471:
6400:
6347:
6334:Housing market correction
6311:
6256:
6153:
6020:
5955:
5846:
5706:International Banking Act
5536:
5491:
5465:
5454:
5448:Federal Reserve Bank Note
5433:
5400:
5149:10.1017/S0022109021000831
5047:Economic Policy Institute
4862:October 29, 2010, at the
4589:January 29, 2016, at the
4278:Omberg, Tom (Fall 2012).
3564:November 5, 2010, at the
3057:November 9, 2011, at the
2601:January 25, 2017, at the
2562:January 29, 2016, at the
2548:January 27, 2017, at the
1947:10.1108/17576381011085412
1450:
1157:Industry and other groups
1094:Fed Chairman Ben Bernanke
1067:, co-architect of the Act
1055:, co-architect of the Act
877:Diplomatic Reception Room
829:This section needs to be
445:United States federal law
326:
318:
311:
306:
215:
206:
188:
140:
135:
115:
93:
88:
70:
59:
51:
35:
26:
9476:2010 in economic history
9154:Sanctions against Russia
8660:templates for discussion
8582:One Last Time (44 Remix)
7436:GOP/conservative support
6997:Capital Purchase Program
6731:(United States; c. 2009)
6463:UK Financial Investments
6348:Banking losses and fraud
6339:Subprime mortgage crisis
6324:California budget crisis
5640:Bank Holding Company Act
4728:October 1, 2015, at the
4554:Harvard Law School Forum
4520:Harvard Law School Forum
4489:Harvard Law School Forum
4458:Harvard Law School Forum
3669:American Economic Review
1987:Miller, Rena S. (2019).
1857:, via banking.senate.gov
1844:Financial Reform Summary
1553:The Act established the
788:The Financial Choice Act
710:Senate Banking Committee
702:House of Representatives
451:in the aftermath of the
8590:Sunlight before signing
8329:The Road We've Traveled
8067:Barack Obama: The Story
8040:O: A Presidential Novel
7807:Citizen's Briefing Book
7625:(paternal half-brother)
7012:Government intervention
6749:(worldwide; 2011–2012)
6688:Auction rate securities
6418:Federal Home Loan Banks
5169:March 26, 2015, at the
4909:April 29, 2014, at the
4900:The Heritage Foundation
4780:August 7, 2015, at the
3947:The Wall Street Journal
3450:The Wall Street Journal
2742:The Wall Street Journal
2710:Indiviglio, D. (2010).
2419:The Wall Street Journal
2334:. American Action Forum
2158:10.7758/RSF.2017.3.1.02
2008:Harvard Business Review
1666:New York Stock Exchange
1631:Brown–Kaufman amendment
1503:Riegle-Neal Act of 1994
1490:The Heritage Foundation
1460:On April 21, 2010, the
1284:compensation committees
1038:Section 1256 Contracts.
719:The bill then moved to
285:on July 15, 2010 (
277:on June 30, 2010 (
242:Committee consideration
9389:New Energy for America
8505:President Barack Obama
8369:America's Great Divide
8150:Barack the Magic Negro
7822:New Energy for America
7748:Bill Ayers controversy
7617:(paternal half-sister)
7609:(maternal grandmother)
7601:(maternal grandfather)
7593:(maternal half-sister)
7468:running mate selection
7200:Illinois Senate career
6879:Background information
6438:Federal Reserve System
6312:United States-specific
5758:Gramm–Leach–Bliley Act
5629:Employment Act of 1946
5394:Federal Reserve System
4629:. September 20, 2012.
4556:. Harvard Law School.
4522:. Harvard Law School.
4491:. Harvard Law School.
4460:. Harvard Law School.
2933:July 19, 2013, at the
1925:April 9, 2013, at the
1908:Journal of Accountancy
1799:Gramm–Leach–Bliley Act
1743:Securities Act of 1933
1636:Chicago Stock Exchange
1480:Effects on small banks
1352:On July 12, 2012, the
1250:
1080:
1068:
1056:
950:(further described in
898:
884:
868:
679:
636:credit rating agencies
594:
543:credit rating agencies
275:agreed to by the House
263:on May 20, 2010 (
145:Commodity Exchange Act
76:; 14 years ago
9147:Russia nuclear treaty
8825:Judicial appointments
8319:2016: Obama's America
7923:Culture of Corruption
7769:Assassination threats
7599:Stanley Armour Dunham
7290:Dreams from My Father
7193:Early life and career
6788:Decline of newspapers
6735:2009 May Day protests
6681:and financial markets
6571:Stimulus and recovery
6186:Lender of last resort
5862:William P. G. Harding
5664:Smithsonian Agreement
5594:Emergency Banking Act
5420:Federal Reserve Banks
5175:John Wiley & Sons
5075:. September 8, 2017.
4289:. Deloitte Advisory.
3891:. February 13, 2011.
3073:, via Clerk.House.gov
3034:May 24, 2010, at the
2575:May 17, 2017, at the
2189:. February 13, 2017.
1686:Securities Commission
1330:chairman of the board
1247:
1074:
1062:
1050:
893:
883:on February 25, 2009.
874:
855:
657:
588:
567:American Action Forum
238:) on December 2, 2009
193:7 U.S.C.: Agriculture
9186:MAP-21st Century Act
8419:Picturing the Obamas
8222:Air and Simple Gifts
7995:Conservative Victory
7850:Tan suit controversy
7300:The Audacity of Hope
7237:A More Perfect Union
7221:The Audacity of Hope
7098:Property derivatives
7037:Regulatory responses
6811:European debt crisis
6703:Credit default swaps
6679:Securities involved
6485:stability and reform
5868:Daniel R. Crissinger
5752:FDIC Improvement Act
5652:Truth in Lending Act
5623:Bretton Woods system
5552:Aldrich–Vreeland Act
5443:Federal Reserve Note
5358:US Statutes at Large
3977:on February 15, 2010
3681:10.1257/aer.20180412
3325:on November 29, 2017
3292:on November 29, 2017
3259:on November 29, 2017
3226:on November 29, 2017
3190:on November 29, 2017
2955:May 4, 2017, at the
1651:Financial regulation
1575:United States portal
1438:. In July 2015, the
1259:corporate governance
1228:An editorial in the
1200:separation of powers
1139:Kay Bailey Hutchison
1084:Legislative reaction
990:Financial Stability;
721:conference committee
617:(bringing them onto
581:Origins and proposal
535:corporate governance
531:credit-default swaps
476:United States Senate
449:financial regulation
183:Truth in Lending Act
9340:Debt-ceiling crisis
9313:Affordable Care Act
9008:International trips
8349:Hillary and Clinton
8213:Deadheads for Obama
8195:Sí Se Puede Cambiar
7941:Barack and Michelle
7843:Impeachment efforts
7255:Political positions
6916:Government policies
6771:2000s energy crisis
6483:Banking and finance
6401:Government entities
5618:Banking Act of 1935
5564:Federal Reserve Act
5162:Skeel, David 2010.
4882:The Washington Post
4749:The Washington Post
3925:on February 4, 2014
3889:Washington Examiner
3792:The Washington Post
3626:on December 6, 2014
3378:The Washington Post
3353:. November 20, 2016
3168:The Washington Post
3102:New York Daily News
2864:Proxy access rule:
2628:The Washington Post
2581:Wall Street Journal
2473:New York University
1735:Related legislation
1358:60 Plus Association
1300:pay for performance
1230:Wall Street Journal
1218:"Glass Steagall II"
903:Federal Reserve Act
712:by former chairman
691:proprietary trading
554:consumer protection
209:Legislative history
161:Federal Reserve Act
23:
9420:Environment policy
9117:Anti-ISIL campaign
9103:Libya intervention
9068:War in Afghanistan
9015:by Hillary Clinton
8339:Southside with You
8309:Obama Anak Menteng
8112:The World as It Is
8058:Obama's Last Stand
8031:The Obama Identity
8022:The Obama Syndrome
7815:Tea Party protests
7067:Wall Street reform
7052:Tea Party protests
6753:Occupy Wall Street
6729:Tea Party protests
6387:Scott W. Rothstein
6021:Current presidents
6002:Christopher Waller
5892:Marriner S. Eccles
5606:Glass–Steagall Act
5516:Federal funds rate
5105:The New York Times
4839:. April 21, 2010.
4803:. January 14, 2019
3497:www.cadwalader.com
3414:The New York Times
3318:The New York Times
3219:The New York Times
3135:The New York Times
3083:Roll call vote 208
3071:Roll call vote 413
2846:The New York Times
2821:The New York Times
2510:The New York Times
1811:Sarbanes–Oxley Act
1723:Wall Street reform
1676:Regulation D (SEC)
1498:Harvard University
1251:
1204:European Union law
1081:
1069:
1057:
885:
869:
695:Glass–Steagall Act
680:
662:meeting with Rep.
595:
474:(D-MA) and in the
273:on June 29, 2010;
246:Financial Services
21:
9463:
9462:
9140:Iran nuclear deal
8986:
8985:
8977:2016 SOTU Address
8970:2015 SOTU Address
8963:2014 SOTU Address
8956:2013 SOTU Address
8949:2012 SOTU Address
8942:2011 SOTU Address
8935:2010 SOTU Address
8871:Executive actions
8645:
8644:
8599:
8598:
8560:Awards and honors
8553:Obama Day (Kenya)
8495:The Forgotten Man
8448:Artists for Obama
8013:The Obama Diaries
7665:
7664:
7544:
7543:
7262:Nobel Peace Prize
7106:
7105:
7027:Loan modification
7022:Hope Now Alliance
6829:
6828:
6798:Retail apocalypse
6743:(MENA; 2010–2012)
6674:
6673:
6670:
6669:
6566:
6565:
6546:Bank stress tests
6216:
6215:
6060:Loretta J. Mester
6050:Patrick T. Harker
5916:G. William Miller
5904:William M. Martin
5856:Charles S. Hamlin
5304:. June 23, 2017.
5274:. April 5, 2017.
4913:December 16, 2013
4156:National Archives
3873:. April 21, 2010.
3675:(10): 3681–3712.
3052:Conference report
3016:on July 23, 2010.
2998:on June 11, 2010.
2824:. June 11, 2010.
2386:Los Angeles Times
1272:golden parachutes
942:(the "Fed"), the
850:
849:
492:Senate filibuster
433:
432:
332:Lawson v. FMR LLC
118:Statutes at Large
9533:
9456:
9447:
9430:
9412:
9405:
9403:Clean Power Plan
9398:
9391:
9384:
9377:
9355:
9348:
9341:
9336:
9329:
9322:
9315:
9293:
9286:
9279:
9272:
9265:
9258:
9251:
9244:
9237:
9230:
9223:
9216:
9209:
9202:
9195:
9188:
9181:
9163:
9156:
9149:
9142:
9133:
9126:
9119:
9112:
9105:
9098:
9089:
9082:
9075:
9070:
9061:
9054:
9047:
9040:
9033:
9024:
9017:
9010:
9003:
8979:
8972:
8965:
8958:
8951:
8944:
8937:
8930:
8922:
8903:
8901:Trump transition
8894:
8887:
8880:
8878:Executive orders
8873:
8864:
8855:
8848:
8841:
8834:
8827:
8820:
8813:
8804:
8797:
8790:
8783:
8776:
8769:
8762:
8755:
8748:
8741:
8734:
8732:2nd inauguration
8727:
8725:1st inauguration
8720:
8710:
8709:
8689:
8682:
8675:
8666:
8665:
8638:
8633:
8632:
8622:
8613:
8610:← George W. Bush
8592:
8585:
8576:
8569:
8562:
8555:
8548:
8530:
8523:
8516:
8509:
8499:
8489:
8482:
8473:
8464:
8457:
8450:
8443:
8441:Social media use
8423:
8413:
8403:
8393:
8383:
8373:
8363:
8353:
8343:
8333:
8323:
8313:
8303:
8293:
8270:
8261:
8252:
8243:
8234:
8225:
8216:
8207:
8198:
8189:
8180:
8169:
8160:
8153:
8142:
8133:
8115:
8106:
8097:
8088:
8079:
8076:Game Change 2012
8070:
8061:
8052:
8043:
8034:
8025:
8016:
8007:
7998:
7989:
7980:
7971:
7962:
7953:
7944:
7935:
7926:
7917:
7914:The Obama Nation
7908:
7899:
7890:
7881:
7872:
7852:
7845:
7838:
7831:
7824:
7817:
7810:
7801:
7794:
7785:
7778:
7771:
7764:
7757:
7750:
7743:
7734:
7727:
7720:
7710:political events
7694:
7687:
7680:
7671:
7670:
7658:
7650:
7642:
7641:(brother-in-law)
7634:
7626:
7618:
7610:
7602:
7594:
7586:
7578:
7575:Barack Obama Sr.
7570:
7562:
7535:
7528:
7521:
7514:
7507:
7500:
7491:
7484:
7477:
7470:
7461:
7459:primary campaign
7454:
7447:
7438:
7431:
7424:
7406:
7386:
7379:
7372:
7365:
7358:
7351:
7338:
7337:
7324:
7314:
7304:
7294:
7271:
7264:
7257:
7248:
7240:
7232:
7224:
7216:
7209:
7202:
7195:
7180:
7179:
7171:
7163:
7155:
7133:
7126:
7119:
7110:
7109:
6856:
6849:
6842:
6833:
6832:
6722:Social responses
6647:
6646:
6543:
6542:
6473:
6472:
6243:
6236:
6229:
6220:
6219:
5977:Philip Jefferson
5898:Thomas B. McCabe
5823:Durbin amendment
5612:Gold Reserve Act
5460:
5459:
5387:
5380:
5373:
5364:
5363:
5318:
5317:
5315:
5313:
5294:
5288:
5287:
5285:
5283:
5264:
5258:
5257:
5255:
5253:
5239:
5233:
5232:
5230:
5228:
5222:
5211:
5203:
5197:
5196:
5184:
5178:
5160:
5154:
5153:
5151:
5142:(6): 2286–2323.
5127:
5121:
5120:
5119:
5117:
5095:
5089:
5088:
5086:
5084:
5065:
5059:
5058:
5038:
5032:
5031:
5025:
5017:
5015:
5013:
4997:
4991:
4990:
4988:
4986:
4964:
4958:
4957:
4955:
4953:
4947:
4939:
4933:
4932:
4920:
4914:
4897:
4891:
4890:
4873:
4867:
4854:
4848:
4847:
4845:
4834:
4826:
4813:
4812:
4810:
4808:
4791:
4785:
4772:
4766:
4765:
4763:
4761:
4739:
4733:
4718:
4712:
4711:
4709:
4707:
4687:
4681:
4680:
4664:
4658:
4657:
4644:Schmidt, Derek.
4641:
4635:
4634:
4623:
4617:
4616:
4604:
4598:
4593:(later retitled
4579:
4570:
4569:
4567:
4565:
4545:
4536:
4535:
4533:
4531:
4511:
4505:
4504:
4502:
4500:
4480:
4474:
4473:
4471:
4469:
4449:
4436:
4435:
4433:
4431:
4425:
4414:
4405:
4366:
4365:
4363:
4361:
4341:
4306:
4305:
4303:
4301:
4295:
4284:
4275:
4252:
4251:
4249:
4247:
4227:
4198:
4197:
4195:
4193:
4173:
4160:
4159:
4153:
4151:
4145:
4132:
4124:
4118:
4117:
4115:
4113:
4098:
4092:
4091:
4089:
4087:
4072:
4066:
4064:
4062:
4060:
4038:
4032:
4031:
4029:
4027:
4007:
4001:
3999:
3993:
3985:
3984:
3982:
3976:
3969:
3958:
3952:
3951:
3941:
3935:
3934:
3932:
3930:
3921:. Archived from
3911:
3905:
3904:
3902:
3900:
3881:
3875:
3874:
3863:
3857:
3856:
3854:
3852:
3832:
3826:
3825:
3807:
3801:
3800:
3782:
3771:
3770:
3752:
3743:
3742:
3740:
3738:
3723:
3717:
3711:
3705:
3699:
3693:
3692:
3660:
3654:
3653:
3652:on July 9, 2012.
3642:
3636:
3635:
3633:
3631:
3625:
3618:
3610:
3604:
3603:
3601:
3599:
3593:
3582:
3574:
3568:
3555:
3549:
3548:
3534:
3528:
3527:
3514:
3508:
3507:
3505:
3503:
3489:
3483:
3482:
3468:
3462:
3461:
3459:
3457:
3440:
3434:
3433:
3431:
3429:
3404:
3398:
3397:
3395:
3393:
3369:
3363:
3362:
3360:
3358:
3341:
3335:
3334:
3332:
3330:
3321:. Archived from
3308:
3302:
3301:
3299:
3297:
3288:. Archived from
3285:Business Insider
3275:
3269:
3268:
3266:
3264:
3255:. Archived from
3252:Business Insider
3242:
3236:
3235:
3233:
3231:
3222:. Archived from
3209:
3203:
3202:
3197:
3195:
3186:. Archived from
3179:
3173:
3172:
3158:
3152:
3151:
3149:
3147:
3125:
3119:
3118:
3116:
3114:
3092:
3086:
3085:, via Senate.gov
3080:
3074:
3068:
3062:
3049:
3043:
3026:
3020:
3017:
3012:. Archived from
2999:
2985:
2979:
2978:
2966:
2960:
2928:Durbin Amendment
2925:
2919:
2918:
2916:
2914:
2897:
2891:
2888:
2876:
2862:
2851:
2850:
2836:
2830:
2829:
2812:
2806:
2805:
2798:
2792:
2791:
2789:
2787:
2772:
2759:
2758:
2756:
2754:
2732:
2726:
2725:
2707:
2701:
2700:
2689:
2683:
2682:
2667:
2656:
2653:
2636:
2615:
2606:
2592:
2586:
2536:
2527:
2526:
2524:
2522:
2500:
2494:
2493:
2491:
2489:
2465:
2459:
2458:
2456:
2454:
2437:
2431:
2430:
2428:
2426:
2409:
2403:
2402:
2400:
2398:
2376:
2370:
2369:
2367:
2365:
2350:
2344:
2343:
2341:
2339:
2327:
2321:
2320:
2318:
2316:
2301:
2295:
2294:
2288:
2280:
2278:
2276:
2261:
2255:
2254:
2252:
2250:
2236:
2230:
2229:
2227:
2225:
2209:
2203:
2202:
2200:
2198:
2177:
2171:
2170:
2160:
2136:
2130:
2129:
2128:
2126:
2120:
2113:
2105:
2099:
2098:
2086:
2080:
2079:
2077:
2075:
2061:
2055:
2054:
2052:
2050:
2033:
2027:
2026:
2024:
2022:
1999:
1993:
1992:
1984:
1950:
1878:
1619:
1614:
1613:
1612:
1605:
1600:
1599:
1591:
1586:
1585:
1577:
1572:
1571:
1570:
1276:Proxy statements
1029:Pay It Back Act;
845:
842:
836:
824:
823:
816:
764:interchange fees
760:Durbin amendment
484:Democratic Party
464:Great Depression
307:Major amendments
299:on July 21, 2010
251:Passed the House
211:
119:
104:
100:
84:
82:
77:
31:
24:
20:
9541:
9540:
9536:
9535:
9534:
9532:
9531:
9530:
9466:
9465:
9464:
9459:
9450:
9441:
9433:
9428:Paris Agreement
9426:
9415:
9408:
9401:
9394:
9387:
9380:
9373:
9360:
9351:
9344:
9339:
9332:
9325:
9318:
9311:
9304:Economic policy
9298:
9289:
9282:
9275:
9268:
9261:
9254:
9247:
9240:
9233:
9226:
9219:
9212:
9205:
9200:Cannabis policy
9198:
9191:
9184:
9177:
9171:Domestic policy
9166:
9159:
9152:
9145:
9138:
9129:
9122:
9115:
9110:Benghazi attack
9108:
9101:
9094:
9085:
9078:
9073:
9066:
9057:
9050:
9043:
9036:
9029:
9020:
9013:
9006:
8999:
8982:
8975:
8968:
8961:
8954:
8947:
8940:
8933:
8925:
8917:
8906:
8899:
8890:
8883:
8876:
8869:
8860:
8851:
8844:
8837:
8830:
8823:
8816:
8809:
8800:
8793:
8786:
8779:
8772:
8765:
8758:
8751:
8744:
8737:
8730:
8723:
8716:
8699:
8693:
8663:
8646:
8641:
8627:
8616:
8607:
8595:
8588:
8579:
8572:
8565:
8558:
8551:
8544:
8533:
8526:
8519:
8512:
8508:(2018 portrait)
8502:
8498:(2010 painting)
8492:
8485:
8476:
8467:
8460:
8453:
8446:
8439:
8426:
8416:
8406:
8396:
8386:
8376:
8366:
8356:
8346:
8336:
8326:
8316:
8306:
8296:
8286:
8279:
8273:
8264:
8255:
8246:
8237:
8228:
8219:
8210:
8201:
8192:
8183:
8174:
8163:
8156:
8147:
8136:
8129:
8118:
8109:
8100:
8091:
8085:Buyer's Remorse
8082:
8073:
8064:
8055:
8046:
8037:
8028:
8019:
8010:
8001:
7992:
7983:
7974:
7965:
7959:The Obama Story
7956:
7947:
7938:
7929:
7920:
7911:
7902:
7896:Redemption Song
7893:
7884:
7875:
7868:
7855:
7848:
7841:
7834:
7827:
7820:
7813:
7804:
7797:
7790:
7781:
7774:
7767:
7760:
7753:
7746:
7739:
7730:
7723:
7716:
7709:
7703:
7698:
7661:
7653:
7645:
7637:
7633:(mother-in-law)
7631:Marian Robinson
7629:
7621:
7613:
7605:
7597:
7591:Maya Soetoro-Ng
7589:
7581:
7573:
7565:
7557:
7540:
7531:
7524:
7517:
7510:
7503:
7496:
7487:
7480:
7473:
7466:
7457:
7450:
7443:
7434:
7427:
7420:
7409:
7402:
7391:
7382:
7377:
7368:
7361:
7354:
7347:
7327:
7320:A Promised Land
7317:
7307:
7297:
7287:
7274:
7267:
7260:
7253:
7243:
7235:
7227:
7219:
7212:
7205:
7198:
7191:
7184:
7174:
7166:
7158:
7150:
7142:
7137:
7107:
7102:
7071:
6953:
6939:Great Recession
6920:
6888:
6884:Impact timeline
6865:
6860:
6830:
6825:
6802:
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6747:Occupy movement
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6247:
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6100:Alberto Musalem
6090:Austan Goolsbee
6022:
6016:
5997:Michelle Bowman
5958:
5951:
5910:Arthur F. Burns
5886:Eugene R. Black
5842:
5540:
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5499:Discount window
5487:
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1838:Further reading
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1757:(establishment)
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1589:Politics portal
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1526:too big to fail
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1482:
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1387:announced that
1350:
1288:stock exchanges
1242:
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1213:Financial Times
1159:
1134:Saxby Chambliss
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1051:Representative
1045:
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806:President Trump
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519:Federal Reserve
486:; three Senate
470:by Congressman
453:Great Recession
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6764:Related topics
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6608:Green New Deal
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5948:(2018–present)
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5928:Alan Greenspan
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5528:Primary dealer
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5324:External links
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5173:. Hoboken NJ:
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2605:. White House.
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1941:(3): 192–195.
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1852:
1847:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1833:
1827:
1820:
1813:
1807:
1801:
1795:
1789:
1783:
1776:
1770:
1764:
1758:
1751:
1745:
1738:
1737:
1736:
1731:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1715:
1712:Trading Places
1708:
1703:
1698:
1696:Stock exchange
1693:
1688:
1683:
1678:
1673:
1668:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1648:
1643:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1622:
1621:
1620:
1606:
1592:
1578:
1562:
1559:
1550:
1547:
1541:
1538:
1514:
1511:
1481:
1478:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1421:South Carolina
1370:South Carolina
1349:
1346:
1337:whistle blower
1317:short position
1241:
1238:
1225:
1222:
1158:
1155:
1129:Richard Shelby
1108:Richard Shelby
1085:
1082:
1077:Richard Shelby
1044:
1041:
1040:
1039:
1036:
1033:
1030:
1027:
1024:
1021:
1015:
1012:
1009:
1006:
1003:
1000:
997:
994:
991:
980:Main article:
977:
974:
848:
847:
828:
826:
819:
813:
810:
783:
782:Repeal efforts
780:
775:New York Times
651:
648:
640:
639:
632:
625:
622:
611:
582:
579:
539:1256 Contracts
431:
430:
428:
427:
426:___ (2024)
411:SEC v. Jarkesy
407:
406:___ (2024)
387:
386:___ (2020)
367:
366:___ (2018)
347:
327:
324:
323:
316:
315:
309:
308:
304:
303:
301:
300:
290:
268:
258:
248:
239:
224:H.R. 4173
216:
213:
212:
204:
203:
190:
189:Titles amended
186:
185:
142:
138:
137:
133:
132:
121:
113:
112:
107:111–203 (text)
95:
91:
90:
86:
85:
72:
68:
67:
61:
57:
56:
55:Dodd–Frank Act
53:
49:
48:
37:
33:
32:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
9538:
9527:
9524:
9522:
9521:Systemic risk
9519:
9517:
9514:
9512:
9509:
9507:
9504:
9502:
9499:
9497:
9494:
9492:
9489:
9487:
9484:
9482:
9479:
9477:
9474:
9473:
9471:
9455:
9454:
9449:
9446:
9445:
9440:
9439:
9436:
9429:
9425:
9424:
9422:
9418:
9411:
9407:
9404:
9400:
9397:
9393:
9390:
9386:
9383:
9382:Marine policy
9379:
9376:
9372:
9371:
9369:
9367:
9366:Energy policy
9363:
9354:
9350:
9347:
9343:
9342:
9338:
9335:
9331:
9328:
9324:
9321:
9317:
9314:
9310:
9309:
9307:
9305:
9301:
9292:
9288:
9285:
9281:
9278:
9274:
9271:
9267:
9264:
9260:
9257:
9253:
9250:
9246:
9243:
9239:
9238:
9236:
9232:
9229:
9225:
9222:
9221:Social policy
9218:
9215:
9214:Native policy
9211:
9208:
9207:Marine policy
9204:
9201:
9197:
9194:
9190:
9187:
9183:
9180:
9176:
9175:
9173:
9169:
9162:
9158:
9155:
9151:
9148:
9144:
9141:
9137:
9132:
9128:
9125:
9121:
9120:
9118:
9114:
9111:
9107:
9104:
9100:
9097:
9093:
9088:
9084:
9081:
9077:
9076:
9072:
9069:
9065:
9060:
9056:
9053:
9049:
9046:
9042:
9039:
9035:
9034:
9032:
9028:
9023:
9022:by John Kerry
9019:
9016:
9012:
9011:
9009:
9005:
9002:
8998:
8997:
8995:
8993:
8989:
8978:
8974:
8971:
8967:
8964:
8960:
8957:
8953:
8950:
8946:
8943:
8939:
8936:
8932:
8928:
8924:
8920:
8916:
8915:
8913:
8909:
8902:
8898:
8893:
8889:
8886:
8882:
8879:
8875:
8874:
8872:
8868:
8863:
8862:controversies
8859:
8854:
8850:
8847:
8843:
8840:
8836:
8835:
8833:
8832:Supreme Court
8829:
8828:
8826:
8822:
8819:
8815:
8812:
8808:
8803:
8799:
8796:
8792:
8789:
8785:
8782:
8778:
8775:
8771:
8768:
8764:
8761:
8757:
8754:
8750:
8749:
8747:
8743:
8740:
8736:
8733:
8729:
8726:
8722:
8719:
8715:
8714:
8711:
8708:
8706:
8702:
8697:
8690:
8685:
8683:
8678:
8676:
8671:
8670:
8667:
8661:
8657:
8656:
8651:
8637:
8636:
8626:
8625:
8621:
8620:
8615:
8612:
8611:
8606:
8605:
8602:
8591:
8587:
8583:
8578:
8575:
8571:
8568:
8564:
8561:
8557:
8554:
8550:
8547:
8543:
8542:
8540:
8536:
8529:
8525:
8522:
8518:
8515:
8511:
8507:
8506:
8501:
8497:
8496:
8491:
8488:
8484:
8481:
8480:
8475:
8472:
8471:
8466:
8463:
8459:
8456:
8455:"Hope" poster
8452:
8449:
8445:
8442:
8438:
8437:
8435:
8433:
8429:
8421:
8420:
8415:
8411:
8410:
8405:
8401:
8400:
8395:
8391:
8390:
8385:
8381:
8380:
8379:We the People
8375:
8371:
8370:
8365:
8361:
8360:
8355:
8351:
8350:
8345:
8341:
8340:
8335:
8331:
8330:
8325:
8321:
8320:
8315:
8311:
8310:
8305:
8301:
8300:
8295:
8291:
8290:
8285:
8284:
8282:
8276:
8268:
8263:
8260:
8259:
8258:Barack's Dubs
8254:
8250:
8245:
8242:
8241:
8236:
8233:
8232:
8231:Change Is Now
8227:
8223:
8218:
8214:
8209:
8205:
8200:
8196:
8191:
8187:
8182:
8178:
8173:
8167:
8162:
8161:
8159:
8155:
8151:
8146:
8140:
8135:
8134:
8132:
8128:
8127:
8125:
8121:
8114:
8113:
8108:
8105:
8104:
8099:
8096:
8095:
8090:
8087:
8086:
8081:
8078:
8077:
8072:
8069:
8068:
8063:
8060:
8059:
8054:
8051:
8050:
8045:
8042:
8041:
8036:
8033:
8032:
8027:
8024:
8023:
8018:
8015:
8014:
8009:
8006:
8005:
8000:
7997:
7996:
7991:
7988:
7987:
7986:Obama Zombies
7982:
7979:
7978:
7973:
7970:
7969:
7964:
7961:
7960:
7955:
7952:
7951:
7946:
7943:
7942:
7937:
7934:
7933:
7928:
7925:
7924:
7919:
7916:
7915:
7910:
7907:
7906:
7901:
7898:
7897:
7892:
7889:
7888:
7883:
7880:
7879:
7874:
7871:
7867:
7866:
7864:
7862:
7858:
7851:
7847:
7844:
7840:
7837:
7833:
7830:
7826:
7823:
7819:
7816:
7812:
7809:
7808:
7803:
7800:
7796:
7793:
7789:
7784:
7780:
7777:
7773:
7772:
7770:
7766:
7763:
7759:
7756:
7752:
7749:
7745:
7742:
7738:
7733:
7729:
7728:
7726:
7722:
7719:
7715:
7714:
7712:
7706:
7702:
7695:
7690:
7688:
7683:
7681:
7676:
7675:
7672:
7668:
7656:
7652:
7648:
7644:
7640:
7636:
7632:
7628:
7624:
7620:
7616:
7612:
7608:
7604:
7600:
7596:
7592:
7588:
7584:
7580:
7576:
7572:
7568:
7564:
7560:
7556:
7555:
7553:
7551:
7547:
7534:
7530:
7527:
7523:
7520:
7516:
7513:
7509:
7506:
7502:
7501:
7499:
7498:2012 campaign
7495:
7490:
7486:
7483:
7479:
7476:
7472:
7469:
7465:
7460:
7456:
7455:
7453:
7449:
7446:
7445:staff members
7442:
7437:
7433:
7432:
7430:
7426:
7425:
7423:
7422:2008 campaign
7419:
7418:
7416:
7412:
7405:
7401:
7400:
7398:
7394:
7385:
7381:
7380:
7376:
7371:
7367:
7364:
7360:
7357:
7353:
7352:
7350:
7346:
7345:
7343:
7339:
7336:
7334:
7330:
7323:
7321:
7316:
7313:
7311:
7306:
7303:
7301:
7296:
7293:
7291:
7286:
7285:
7283:
7281:
7277:
7270:
7266:
7263:
7259:
7256:
7252:
7246:
7242:
7238:
7234:
7230:
7226:
7222:
7218:
7217:
7215:
7211:
7208:
7204:
7201:
7197:
7194:
7190:
7189:
7187:
7181:
7177:
7169:
7165:
7161:
7157:
7153:
7149:
7148:
7145:
7141:
7134:
7129:
7127:
7122:
7120:
7115:
7114:
7111:
7099:
7096:
7094:
7091:
7089:
7086:
7084:
7081:
7080:
7078:
7074:
7068:
7065:
7063:
7060:
7058:
7055:
7053:
7050:
7048:
7045:
7043:
7040:
7038:
7035:
7033:
7030:
7028:
7025:
7023:
7020:
7018:
7015:
7013:
7010:
7008:
7005:
7003:
7000:
6998:
6995:
6993:
6990:
6988:
6985:
6983:
6980:
6978:
6975:
6973:
6970:
6968:
6965:
6964:
6962:
6960:
6956:
6950:
6947:
6945:
6942:
6940:
6937:
6935:
6932:
6931:
6929:
6927:
6923:
6917:
6914:
6912:
6909:
6907:
6903:
6900:
6899:
6897:
6895:
6891:
6885:
6882:
6880:
6877:
6876:
6874:
6872:
6868:
6864:
6857:
6852:
6850:
6845:
6843:
6838:
6837:
6834:
6822:
6819:
6817:
6814:
6812:
6809:
6808:
6805:
6799:
6796:
6794:
6791:
6789:
6786:
6784:
6781:
6777:
6774:
6773:
6772:
6769:
6768:
6766:
6762:
6754:
6751:
6750:
6748:
6745:
6742:
6739:
6736:
6733:
6730:
6727:
6726:
6724:
6720:
6714:
6711:
6709:
6706:
6704:
6701:
6699:
6696:
6694:
6691:
6689:
6686:
6685:
6683:
6677:
6663:
6660:
6658:
6655:
6654:
6652:
6648:
6642:
6639:
6638:
6636:
6630:
6624:
6621:
6619:
6616:
6614:
6611:
6609:
6606:
6604:
6601:
6599:
6596:
6594:
6591:
6589:
6586:
6584:
6581:
6579:
6576:
6575:
6573:
6569:
6559:
6556:
6554:
6551:
6550:
6548:
6544:
6538:
6535:
6533:
6530:
6528:
6525:
6523:
6520:
6518:
6515:
6513:
6510:
6508:
6505:
6503:
6500:
6498:
6495:
6493:
6490:
6489:
6487:
6481:
6474:
6470:
6464:
6461:
6459:
6456:
6454:
6451:
6449:
6446:
6444:
6441:
6439:
6436:
6434:
6431:
6429:
6426:
6424:
6421:
6419:
6416:
6414:
6411:
6409:
6406:
6405:
6403:
6399:
6393:
6390:
6388:
6385:
6383:
6380:
6378:
6377:Bernie Madoff
6375:
6373:
6372:Forex scandal
6370:
6368:
6365:
6361:
6358:
6357:
6356:
6355:Libor scandal
6353:
6352:
6350:
6346:
6340:
6337:
6335:
6332:
6330:
6327:
6325:
6322:
6320:
6317:
6316:
6314:
6310:
6304:
6301:
6297:
6294:
6293:
6292:
6289:
6287:
6284:
6280:
6279:South America
6277:
6275:
6274:United States
6272:
6271:
6270:
6267:
6265:
6262:
6261:
6259:
6255:
6251:
6244:
6239:
6237:
6232:
6230:
6225:
6224:
6221:
6209:
6206:
6204:
6201:
6197:
6194:
6193:
6192:
6189:
6187:
6184:
6182:
6179:
6177:
6174:
6172:
6169:
6167:
6164:
6162:
6159:
6158:
6156:
6152:
6145:
6144:San Francisco
6141:
6138:
6135:
6131:
6128:
6125:
6121:
6118:
6115:
6111:
6110:Neel Kashkari
6108:
6105:
6101:
6098:
6095:
6091:
6088:
6085:
6081:
6078:
6075:
6071:
6070:Thomas Barkin
6068:
6065:
6061:
6058:
6055:
6051:
6048:
6045:
6041:
6040:John Williams
6038:
6035:
6031:
6030:Susan Collins
6028:
6027:
6025:
6023:(by district)
6019:
6013:
6010:
6008:
6005:
6003:
6000:
5998:
5995:
5992:
5988:
5985:
5982:
5978:
5975:
5972:
5968:
5967:Jerome Powell
5965:
5964:
5962:
5960:
5954:
5947:
5946:Jerome Powell
5944:
5941:
5938:
5935:
5932:
5929:
5926:
5923:
5920:
5917:
5914:
5911:
5908:
5905:
5902:
5899:
5896:
5893:
5890:
5887:
5884:
5881:
5878:
5875:
5872:
5869:
5866:
5863:
5860:
5857:
5854:
5853:
5851:
5849:
5845:
5838:
5837:
5833:
5830:
5827:
5824:
5820:
5817:
5814:
5811:
5808:
5805:
5803:
5800:
5797:
5796:
5792:
5789:
5786:
5783:
5780:
5777:
5774:
5771:
5768:
5765:
5762:
5759:
5756:
5753:
5750:
5747:
5744:
5741:
5738:
5735:
5734:Greenspan put
5732:
5729:
5728:
5724:
5721:
5720:
5716:
5713:
5710:
5707:
5704:
5701:
5698:
5695:
5692:
5689:
5686:
5683:
5680:
5677:
5674:
5671:
5668:
5665:
5662:
5659:
5656:
5653:
5650:
5647:
5644:
5641:
5638:
5635:
5632:
5630:
5627:
5624:
5621:
5619:
5616:
5613:
5610:
5607:
5604:
5601:
5598:
5595:
5592:
5589:
5586:
5583:
5580:
5577:
5574:
5571:
5568:
5565:
5562:
5559:
5556:
5553:
5550:
5549:
5547:
5544:
5539:
5535:
5529:
5526:
5522:
5519:
5518:
5517:
5514:
5512:
5511:Federal funds
5509:
5505:
5502:
5501:
5500:
5497:
5496:
5494:
5492:Federal funds
5490:
5484:
5481:
5479:
5476:
5474:
5471:
5470:
5468:
5464:
5449:
5446:
5444:
5441:
5440:
5438:
5436:
5432:
5426:
5423:
5421:
5418:
5416:
5413:
5411:
5408:
5406:
5403:
5402:
5399:
5395:
5388:
5383:
5381:
5376:
5374:
5369:
5368:
5365:
5359:
5355:
5351:
5348:
5346:
5343:
5339:
5335:
5331:
5328:
5327:
5307:
5303:
5299:
5293:
5277:
5273:
5269:
5263:
5248:
5244:
5238:
5219:
5215:
5208:
5202:
5194:
5190:
5183:
5176:
5172:
5168:
5165:
5159:
5150:
5145:
5141:
5137:
5133:
5126:
5111:
5107:
5106:
5101:
5094:
5083:September 11,
5078:
5074:
5070:
5064:
5056:
5052:
5048:
5044:
5037:
5029:
5023:
5007:
5003:
4996:
4980:
4976:
4975:
4970:
4963:
4944:
4938:
4930:
4926:
4919:
4912:
4908:
4905:
4901:
4896:
4888:
4884:
4883:
4878:
4872:
4865:
4861:
4858:
4853:
4842:
4838:
4831:
4825:
4823:
4821:
4819:
4802:
4801:
4796:
4790:
4783:
4779:
4776:
4771:
4755:
4751:
4750:
4745:
4738:
4731:
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3950:. p. B6.
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1429:West Virginia
1426:
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1385:Derek Schmidt
1381:
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1208:Libor scandal
1205:
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749:
744:
742:
741:Russ Feingold
738:
734:
733:Susan Collins
730:
729:Olympia Snowe
726:
722:
717:
715:
711:
708:, and in the
707:
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329:
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305:
298:
295:by President
294:
291:
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284:
281:) and by the
280:
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81:July 21, 2010
74:July 21, 2010
73:
69:
66:
62:
58:
54:
50:
46:
42:
38:
34:
30:
25:
19:
9486:Barney Frank
9451:
9442:
9326:
9228:Space policy
8653:
8628:
8617:
8608:
8503:
8493:
8487:Iman Crosson
8478:
8469:
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8407:
8397:
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8367:
8357:
8347:
8337:
8327:
8317:
8307:
8297:
8287:
8256:
8238:
8229:
8204:My President
8110:
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7903:
7894:
7885:
7876:
7870:Bibliography
7805:
7701:Public image
7657:(family dog)
7649:(family dog)
7585:(stepfather)
7583:Lolo Soetoro
7505:endorsements
7429:endorsements
7414:Presidential
7349:State Senate
7319:
7309:
7299:
7289:
7140:Barack Obama
6981:
6904: /
6506:
6161:Central bank
6140:Mary C. Daly
6054:Philadelphia
6007:Lisa D. Cook
5987:Michael Barr
5940:Janet Yellen
5934:Ben Bernanke
5922:Paul Volcker
5880:Eugene Meyer
5874:Roy A. Young
5834:
5818:
5793:
5725:
5717:
5646:FOMC actions
5600:Regulation Q
5588:Regulation D
5352:as enacted (
5332:as amended (
5310:. Retrieved
5301:
5292:
5280:. Retrieved
5271:
5262:
5250:. Retrieved
5246:
5237:
5225:. Retrieved
5213:
5201:
5182:
5158:
5139:
5135:
5125:
5114:, retrieved
5103:
5093:
5081:. Retrieved
5072:
5063:
5046:
5036:
5010:. Retrieved
4995:
4983:. Retrieved
4972:
4962:
4950:. Retrieved
4937:
4918:
4895:
4880:
4871:
4852:
4807:February 17,
4805:. Retrieved
4798:
4789:
4770:
4758:. Retrieved
4747:
4737:
4721:
4716:
4704:. Retrieved
4685:
4672:
4662:
4649:
4639:
4621:
4602:
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4582:
4562:. Retrieved
4553:
4528:. Retrieved
4519:
4509:
4497:. Retrieved
4488:
4478:
4466:. Retrieved
4457:
4428:. Retrieved
4416:
4358:. Retrieved
4349:
4298:. Retrieved
4286:
4244:. Retrieved
4235:
4190:. Retrieved
4181:
4154:– via
4150:December 19,
4148:. Retrieved
4134:
4122:
4110:. Retrieved
4096:
4084:. Retrieved
4070:
4057:. Retrieved
4046:
4036:
4024:. Retrieved
4015:
4005:
3979:, retrieved
3972:the original
3963:
3956:
3945:
3939:
3927:. Retrieved
3923:the original
3909:
3899:December 16,
3897:. Retrieved
3888:
3879:
3861:
3849:. Retrieved
3840:
3830:
3815:
3805:
3790:
3760:
3735:. Retrieved
3721:
3709:
3697:
3672:
3668:
3658:
3650:the original
3640:
3628:. Retrieved
3621:the original
3608:
3596:. Retrieved
3572:
3553:
3542:
3532:
3521:
3512:
3500:. Retrieved
3496:
3487:
3476:
3466:
3454:. Retrieved
3448:
3438:
3426:. Retrieved
3412:
3402:
3390:. Retrieved
3376:
3367:
3355:. Retrieved
3348:
3339:
3329:November 29,
3327:. Retrieved
3323:the original
3316:
3306:
3296:November 29,
3294:. Retrieved
3290:the original
3283:
3273:
3261:. Retrieved
3257:the original
3250:
3240:
3230:November 29,
3228:. Retrieved
3224:the original
3217:
3207:
3199:
3192:. Retrieved
3188:the original
3177:
3166:
3156:
3144:. Retrieved
3133:
3123:
3111:. Retrieved
3100:
3090:
3078:
3066:
3047:
3039:
3024:
3014:the original
3009:BusinessWeek
3007:
2996:the original
2983:
2964:
2923:
2911:. Retrieved
2905:
2895:
2844:
2834:
2819:
2810:
2796:
2784:. Retrieved
2751:. Retrieved
2740:
2730:
2717:The Atlantic
2715:
2705:
2687:
2674:
2626:
2590:
2580:
2519:. Retrieved
2508:
2498:
2486:. Retrieved
2463:
2451:. Retrieved
2445:
2435:
2423:. Retrieved
2417:
2407:
2395:. Retrieved
2384:
2374:
2362:. Retrieved
2358:
2348:
2336:. Retrieved
2325:
2313:. Retrieved
2309:
2299:
2273:. Retrieved
2259:
2247:. Retrieved
2243:
2234:
2222:. Retrieved
2207:
2195:. Retrieved
2184:
2175:
2148:
2144:
2134:
2123:. Retrieved
2103:
2084:
2072:. Retrieved
2068:
2059:
2047:. Retrieved
2041:
2031:
2019:. Retrieved
2007:
1997:
1988:
1982:
1938:
1934:
1872:
1780:Williams Act
1718:Volcker Rule
1710:
1617:Banks portal
1552:
1543:
1534:
1530:
1523:
1519:Janet Yellen
1516:
1507:
1495:
1487:
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1471:
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1342:
1334:
1326:
1322:
1313:
1305:
1297:
1281:
1264:
1252:
1229:
1227:
1224:Job creation
1217:
1211:
1196:legislations
1178:
1174:
1167:
1160:
1126:
1118:Barney Frank
1116:
1106:
1098:
1087:
1053:Barney Frank
985:
967:
960:
956:
924:
899:
894:
890:
886:
857:Ben Bernanke
838:
830:
794:Barney Frank
792:
785:
774:
772:
757:
748:proxy access
745:
718:
706:Barney Frank
699:
687:Volcker Rule
684:
681:
664:Barney Frank
660:Barack Obama
644:Volcker Rule
641:
604:
596:
562:Janet Yellen
547:
529:, requiring
523:Volcker Rule
496:
472:Barney Frank
460:Barack Obama
457:
440:
436:
434:
409:
389:
369:
349:
330:
297:Barack Obama
292:
282:
274:
270:
260:
250:
241:
228:Barney Frank
219:
141:Acts amended
136:Codification
18:
9087:Afghanistan
9052:Middle East
8698:(2009–2017)
8648:‹ The
8432:Other media
8094:Rising Star
7977:Game Change
7932:Catastrophe
7861:Books about
7776:2008 Denver
7623:Malik Obama
7396:U.S. Senate
7170:(1997–2004)
7162:(2005–2008)
7154:(2009–2017)
6741:Arab Spring
6650:Non-banking
6382:Tom Petters
6130:Lorie Logan
6124:Kansas City
6120:Jeff Schmid
6114:Minneapolis
5942:(2014–2018)
5936:(2006–2014)
5930:(1987–2006)
5924:(1979–1987)
5918:(1978–1979)
5912:(1970–1978)
5906:(1951–1970)
5900:(1948–1951)
5894:(1934–1948)
5888:(1933–1934)
5882:(1930–1933)
5876:(1927–1930)
5870:(1923–1927)
5864:(1916–1922)
5858:(1914–1916)
5831:(2020–2021)
5809:(2009–2010)
5790:(2008–2010)
5784:(2008–2010)
5766:(2007–2010)
5658:Nixon shock
5625:(1944–1971)
5570:Pittman Act
5560:(1909–1912)
5543:Antecedents
5004:. JDSupra.
4952:November 4,
4706:October 23,
4564:November 3,
4530:November 3,
4499:November 3,
4468:November 3,
4430:November 3,
4360:November 3,
4300:November 3,
4246:November 3,
4192:November 3,
2969:Durbin, D.
2521:February 7,
2488:October 18,
2425:December 3,
2224:January 21,
2197:January 23,
1391:along with
1184:regulations
1143:Orrin Hatch
881:White House
768:Dick Durbin
737:Scott Brown
676:White House
670:, and Sen.
668:Dick Durbin
615:derivatives
560:Chairwoman
488:Republicans
478:by Senator
346: (2014)
9491:Chris Dodd
9470:Categories
9161:Cuban thaw
9059:South Asia
8718:Transition
8514:Obama logo
8278:Film, TV,
8166:Yes We Can
8131:Obama Girl
8004:The Bridge
7950:The Speech
7732:litigation
7615:Auma Obama
7567:Ann Dunham
7519:convention
7475:convention
7229:Yes We Can
6944:Writedowns
5981:Vice Chair
5582:Phelan Act
5473:Beige Book
5410:Vice Chair
4760:August 10,
3981:January 8,
2125:August 31,
1975:References
1268:say on pay
1102:Republican
1090:Chris Dodd
1065:Chris Dodd
1002:Insurance;
976:Provisions
918:, and the
841:April 2016
725:filibuster
714:Chris Dodd
672:Chris Dodd
658:President
480:Chris Dodd
441:Dodd–Frank
220:Introduced
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36:Long title
9045:East Asia
8892:Memoranda
8839:Sotomayor
8567:Namesakes
8521:In comics
8280:and stage
8158:will.i.am
7708:News and
7512:primaries
7452:primaries
7333:Elections
6959:Responses
6360:Tom Hayes
6257:By region
6208:Sahm rule
6171:Fed model
6104:St. Louis
6064:Cleveland
5959:governors
5746:FIRRE Act
5712:DIDMC Act
5590:(c. 1930)
5504:Bank rate
5435:Banknotes
5415:Governors
5356:) in the
5340:) in the
5073:Econofact
5055:911202396
5012:March 15,
4985:March 15,
4696:Bloomberg
4236:DLA Piper
4112:March 15,
4086:March 15,
3929:March 27,
3689:241072112
3630:April 22,
3502:March 14,
3456:March 14,
3428:March 14,
3423:0362-4331
3392:March 14,
3387:0190-8286
3357:March 14,
2913:August 1,
2697:Bloomberg
2538:Sources:
2364:August 1,
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2285:cite news
2275:August 3,
2249:August 3,
2167:157075377
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2021:August 3,
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896:purposes.
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589:Share in
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9193:FAST Act
8911:Speeches
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7569:(mother)
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7185:politics
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6269:Americas
6176:Fedspeak
6074:Richmond
6044:New York
5576:Edge Act
5306:Archived
5276:Archived
5252:July 23,
5218:Archived
5167:Archived
5116:June 25,
5110:archived
5077:Archived
5051:ProQuest
5022:cite web
5006:Archived
4979:Archived
4929:Archived
4907:Archived
4887:Archived
4860:Archived
4841:Archived
4800:The Hill
4778:Archived
4754:Archived
4726:Archived
4700:Archived
4677:Archived
4654:Archived
4631:Archived
4613:Archived
4587:Archived
4558:Archived
4524:Archived
4493:Archived
4462:Archived
4421:Archived
4354:Archived
4291:Archived
4287:Deloitte
4240:Archived
4186:Archived
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4080:Archived
4059:July 15,
4053:Archived
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4020:Archived
3990:citation
3893:Archived
3845:Archived
3822:Archived
3817:HuffPost
3797:Archived
3767:Archived
3762:HuffPost
3737:July 25,
3731:Archived
3598:July 20,
3589:Archived
3562:Archived
3544:The Hill
3523:NBC News
3478:The Hill
3350:The Hill
3146:July 21,
3140:Archived
3113:July 22,
3107:Archived
3055:Archived
3032:Archived
2975:Archived
2953:Archived
2942:Archived
2931:Archived
2885:Archived
2873:Archived
2826:Archived
2786:July 22,
2780:Archived
2753:July 22,
2747:Archived
2722:Archived
2679:Archived
2650:Archived
2633:Archived
2599:Archived
2573:Archived
2560:Archived
2546:Archived
2515:Archived
2482:Archived
2453:July 23,
2397:July 23,
2391:Archived
2218:Archived
2191:Archived
2116:Archived
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2074:July 20,
1923:Archived
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1409:Nebraska
1405:Oklahoma
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1366:Oklahoma
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1075:Senator
1063:Senator
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930:(FDIC),
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8853:Garland
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8811:Pardons
8802:2016–17
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8538:Related
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6296:Iceland
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5821:(2010;
5815:(2009–)
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7292:(1995)
7247:, 2008
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6264:Africa
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5798:(2009)
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6558:U.S.
6286:Asia
5314:2018
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5254:2020
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5189:SSRN
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4954:2022
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