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reaches of the property), greenhouses, stables, barns, garages, and many cottages. To the left of Reed Hall stood the maintenance building which housed the carpenters', electrical, and machinist shops, as well as a basketball and shuffleboard court on the upper level. The four-story
Industrial Arts building (sometimes referred to as the Garment Building) was built in 1933 and allowed patients to manufacture textiles, shoes, and furniture. Behind the Hutchinson building was the Rosenzweig House, an old white house that originally was home to the hospital's superintendents, but was later used as the security office. Near the service entrance on Ohio River Boulevard was the boiler building, reservoir/water treatment building, coal storage building, laundry building, and the iconic smoke stack. A sewage treatment plant was located adjacent to Tom's Run and still remains today.
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were also made to upgrade
Dixmont's sewage treatment plant for use with Kilbuck Township. However, none of these plans came to fruition. From 1985 to 1988, Holy Family Institute leased the Cammarata building as a temporary home after their facility was damaged by fire. In the late-1980s, plans were set in place to build a county jail on the site of Dixmont. However, the proposal was unpopular with local residents and the plan was canceled in 1989. By 1999, time and many fires had left the crumbling building useless, and the State sold the 407-acre (165 ha) property to a private owner. In 2005, a local developer made an agreement to convert the 75 acres (30 ha) of that land that contained most of the buildings and demolition began in preparation for a shopping center that would be anchored by a
301:. Construction began in 1859, and opened in 1862. A grand ceremony took place on July 19, 1859, where the cornerstone of the Dixmont Kirkbride building was laid in the foundation. A glass jar was placed in the cornerstone containing numerous objects, papers, and a letter from Dorothea Dix herself. Also contained was a copy of her 1845 "Memorial", the 55-page county by county study of the conditions for the mentally ill in Pennsylvania, which had a great part in jump-starting early mental health care reform in Pennsylvania. Unfortunately, when the time capsule was recovered prior to demolition, the jar had broken and many of the contents were in poor condition. The original patient population of the hospital was a meager 113 patients who were transferred from the
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view of the river valley and better airflow, which was said to be more calming to the patients in keeping with the want of a serene setting. Early on, it had gas lighting, a central hot air system for heat, and more than ample supply of water from the Ohio River. Construction of the west wing was not complete until 1868, at which time construction of the east wing began. The center section of the building contained the front lobby, administrative offices, and chapel. This was mostly destroyed by fire in 1995.
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different location and the building's design had to be altered to prevent further sliding. This building contained the intensive care unit, x-ray facilities, a small cafeteria, barber shop, isolation units, physical therapy areas, and observation rooms, and instrument sterilization equipment. Each floor had patient rooms on the ends of the building surrounding a nurses pod, all separated by half-glass walls so the nurses could easily observe all of the patients. Also in this building were the
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310:. Dixmont was completely self-sustained from the beginning. It had its own farmlands, livestock, rail station, and post office. Also part of the facility was a water treatment plant, a sewage treatment plant, and electricity generating facilities. They had their own butchers, bakers, farmhands, electricians, laborers, pipe fitters, botanists, chefs, and even a barber and a dentist.
259:. Built in 1862, Dixmont was once a state-of-the-art institution known for its highly self-sufficient and park-like campus, but a decline in funding for state hospitals and changing philosophies in psychiatric care caused the hospital to be closed in 1984. After more than two decades of abandonment, it was demolished in 2006. The campus spanned a total of 407 acres (165 ha).
461:, laboratory, and autopsy unit. Prior to the demolition of Dixmont, the building was assessed to decide whether it could be reused like the Cammarata Building. However, poor drainage had completely flooded the basement and renovation costs were figured to be greater than the value of the building itself, so it was demolished.
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The $ 2 million
Cammarata Building was the geriatric center of Dixmont and housed a significant portion of the hospital's patients towards the final years. Built in 1971, its architecture stylings were modern and sleek compared to the more traditional design of Reed Hall. This building was renovated
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where they could only afford to supply employees with room and board; no salary. In 1946, the PA Department of
Welfare had to step in and Dixmont became a state-owned hospital. During this time, the hospital began using previously decried procedures such as lobotomies, electro-shock therapy, and use
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The
Hutchinson Building was built in 1954 and was named after the hospital's late superintendent. Construction started in 1949, but was brought to a halt when the entire foundation slid down the hill, creating a landslide much like the one that occurred in 2006. The construction site was moved to a
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Shortly after the hospital's closure, several proposals were made to reuse the facilities; the leading bid was St. John's
General Hospital which planned to use the geriatric and infirmary buildings to house a 200-bed nursing home and Reed Hall as independent senior-citizen living. Several proposals
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progressed, large state institutions were becoming obsolete and patient numbers decreased rapidly. With the patients' rights movement, they were no longer allowed to work for profit, something which had previously generated the hospital revenue. Many of the buildings were in need of renovation, but
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Reed Hall was the main building at
Dixmont and was named after the first superintendent of Dixmont, Dr. Joseph A. Reed. It was typical of other Kirkbride facilities with the exception that the outermost wings swept forward instead of to the rear in the typical V-shape. This was to afford a better
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At one point, the
Dixmont campus contained over 80 structures. However, in an effort to modernize the hospital, many of the unused and obsolete buildings were demolished in 1967. These included the Men's Annex (which housed many of the patients who were trusted with work details in the further
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than could be provided for in the 26 beds designated for that express purpose at the hospital. Managers of the hospital used a $ 10,000 appropriation from the state to purchase a large amount of farmland on a hill overlooking the Ohio River to the north of
Pittsburgh in what is now suburban
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state funding was scarce. By 1983, several floors of Reed Hall were empty and unused buildings such as the canteen and men's annex were demolished to prevent fire hazards. In July 1984, the hospital was closed down and the 300 remaining patients were transferred to nearby institutions.
431:, this building contained the main kitchen at Dixmont, the large freezers, and storage areas where food was kept. The cafeteria and auditorium were located on the second floor. Also part of this building were the loading docks, cleaning supplies, and staff quarters on the third floor.
397:, in which many of the patients were buried with simple stones marked only with index numbers, remains state-owned. The purchasers of the Dixmont property own the log book that identifies the markers with each patient and their number and have made the information available.
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393:, both of which have since been outlawed for health reasons, and in the case of asbestos, has been getting removed from buildings since the 1980s. In addition, Pennsylvania law prohibits the state from selling grave sites, so the hospital's own
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in
Pittsburgh. Before the 1800s were over, somewhere between 1,200 and 1,500 patients called the hospital home. In 1907, the facility was individually incorporated as the Dixmont Hospital for the Insane after separating from the
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side, shutting them both down for weeks. After numerous complaints by Kilbuck Township residents for fear of another collapse, due to the instability of the "rebuilt" landslide as well as interest in the nearby borough of
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Even if Walmart hadn't bought the property, the Hospital would have likely been demolished anyway, due to teenagers dangerously trespassing on the property on a regular basis as well as the buildings containing both
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326:. The hospital took in as many patients as they could fit until beds lined the hallways, but was eventually forced to stop accepting new admissions. Dixmont began experiencing financial difficulties as early as the
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The Western Pennsylvania Hospital at Pittsburgh ended its first year of operation in 1853, and it was evident that there were a greater number of patients in jails and
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located next door to that proposed Walmart site, Walmart decided not to build on the property on September 26, 2007, and the land was left to return to nature.
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By the mid-1970s, Dixmont had reached financial crisis due to the state's desire to shut down the hospital. As the concept of deinstitutionalization and use of
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in 1999 and served as the home to the Glen Montessori School from 2001 until 2012 . It is the only building left of Dixmont that still stands today.
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The dietary building was located directly behind Reed Hall and connected through suspended walkways. Built in the early 1900s and designed by
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Map of the Pittsburgh Tri-State with green counties in the metropolitan area and yellow counties in the combined area
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297:. Planners originally wanted to build the institution in the city, but this idea was rejected by
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Like many psychiatric hospitals, Dixmont became overcrowded during the 1920s due to the rise of
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History of Dixmont State Hospital, a book published in 2006 about the hospital and its past.
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Supercenter. Subsequent excavation destabilized the hillside and landslides covered
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Italics indicates facilities no longer in operation as state psychiatric hospitals.
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Hospital buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Pennsylvania
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Department of the Insane in the Western Pennsylvania Hospital of Pittsburgh
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An aerial view of Dixmont State Hospital in 2005 prior to its demolition
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538:. Pittsburgh, PA: Pittsburgh History & Landmarks Foundation. 2010
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http://pittsburghlive.com/x/pittsburghtrib/news/rss/s_472767.html
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Pittsburgh History & Landmarks Foundation Historic Landmarks
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607:"Walmart store could be built behind Northern Lights in Economy"
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Reservoir/water treatment plant, smokestack, and boiler building
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to build a Walmart in order to help revitalize the dilapidated
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650:, a website containing photos and information about Dixmont
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Pittsburgh–New Castle–Weirton combined statistical area
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US National Register of Historic Places in Pennsylvania
582:"Pittsburgh Post-Gazette - Google News Archive Search"
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Demolished buildings and structures in Pennsylvania
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History of the National Register of Historic Places
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kdka.com - Wal-Mart Won't Develop Kilbuck Twp. Site
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2316:Kalamazoo Regional Psychiatric Hospital
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2371:Eastern Michigan Asylum for the Insane
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512:National Register of Historic Places
308:Western Pennsylvania Hospital system
265:National Register of Historic Places
2604:1853 establishments in Pennsylvania
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2244:Greystone Park Psychiatric Hospital
532:Historic Landmark Plaques 1968-2009
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61:Dixmont State Hospital in 2006
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1409:European archaeological sites
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320:posttraumatic stress disorder
303:Western Pennsylvania Hospital
113:Show map of the United States
2280:Spring Grove Hospital Center
705:Pennsylvania State Hospitals
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2301:Jacksonville State Hospital
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343:Post-closure and demolition
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557:"Brief History Of Dixmont"
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44:Pittsburgh Landmark – PHLF
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2249:Worcester State Hospital
1851:Pittsburgh International
648:DixmontStateHospital.com
429:Frederick John Osterling
257:Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
194:Architectural style
88:Show map of Pennsylvania
2574:Hospitals in Pittsburgh
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2381:Clarinda State Hospital
2376:Kankakee State Hospital
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2270:St. Elizabeths Hospital
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351:The hospital's cemetery
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2422:Jackson State Hospital
2417:Western State Hospital
2254:Danvers State Hospital
2234:Buffalo State Hospital
2219:Dixmont State Hospital
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931:Keeper of the Register
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245:Dixmont State Hospital
128:Emsworth, Pennsylvania
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2498:Oregon State Hospital
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2391:Nevada State Hospital
2361:Athens Lunatic Asylum
2346:Topeka State Hospital
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159:40.51583°N 80.11222°W
130:, on Huntington Rd.,
2519:Nova Scotia Hospital
2336:Elgin State Hospital
1924:Pittsburgh Northeast
1884:Greensburg Jeannette
235:Designated PHLF
2493:Napa State Hospital
2331:Anna State Hospital
654:DixmontHospital.com
452:Hutchinson Building
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519:. March 13, 2009.
263:is listed on the
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222:Significant dates
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559:. Archived from
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202:mental asylum
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2137:Samuel Sloan
2123:Dorothea Dix
2042:
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1824:West Mifflin
1804:Steubenville
1670:
1664:Major cities
1615:Westmoreland
1567:Pennsylvania
1433:Philadelphia
1356:Philadelphia
1320:Westmoreland
1250:Philadelphia
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858:Wernersville
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664:Find A Grave
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565:. Retrieved
561:the original
551:
540:. Retrieved
531:
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383:
354:
333:
317:
299:Dorothea Dix
287:
279:Dorothea Dix
260:
248:
244:
243:
2020:Skyscrapers
1914:Monroeville
1834:Wilkinsburg
1754:Murrysville
1749:Mt. Lebanon
1739:Monroeville
1704:Bethel Park
1462:NRHP portal
1402:Other lists
1361:Center City
1285:Susquehanna
1235:Northampton
748:Embreeville
324:World War I
284:Early years
189:(1815–1888)
162: /
138:Coordinates
2543:Categories
2466:West Coast
2130:Architects
2106:Physicians
1980:Government
1944:Zelienople
1934:Washington
1919:New Castle
1774:Penn Hills
1759:New Castle
1734:McKeesport
1729:McCandless
1672:Pittsburgh
1610:Washington
1346:Pittsburgh
1310:Washington
1265:Schuylkill
1225:Montgomery
1170:Lackawanna
1150:Huntingdon
1100:Cumberland
1080:Clearfield
803:Norristown
762:Harrisburg
567:2006-09-28
542:2011-08-09
494:References
391:lead paint
370:Ohio River
147:40°30′57″N
2187:Northeast
2118:Advocates
1970:Etymology
1965:Education
1929:Rostraver
1904:Joe Hardy
1894:Jefferson
1879:Eddie Dew
1724:Hempfield
1714:Cranberry
1580:Armstrong
1575:Allegheny
1556:Jefferson
1386:Southwest
1376:Northwest
1371:Northeast
1351:Lancaster
1175:Lancaster
1160:Jefferson
993:Armstrong
988:Allegheny
864:Woodville
809:Pennhurst
769:Haverford
717:Allentown
414:Reed Hall
401:Buildings
336:Thorazine
261:Reed Hall
183:Architect
150:80°6′44″W
27:Reed Hall
2049:Category
1939:Wheeling
1909:Lakehill
1843:Airports
1605:Lawrence
1529:Maryland
1520:Counties
1452:Category
1280:Sullivan
1275:Somerset
1200:Lycoming
1180:Lawrence
1135:Franklin
1110:Delaware
1095:Crawford
1090:Columbia
1018:Bradford
848:Torrance
837:Somerset
830:Scranton
728:Danville
482:See also
395:cemetery
387:asbestos
364:and the
253:hospital
251:) was a
216:80003401
123:Location
2289:Midwest
1985:History
1960:Economy
1819:Weirton
1719:Hampton
1699:Baldwin
1684:15k–50k
1639:Hancock
1600:Indiana
1595:Fayette
1537:Garrett
1423:covered
1419:Bridges
1325:Wyoming
1300:Venango
1230:Montour
1215:Mifflin
1195:Luzerne
1185:Lebanon
1165:Juniata
1155:Indiana
1125:Fayette
1105:Dauphin
1085:Clinton
1075:Clarion
1053:Chester
1038:Cameron
1033:Cambria
1003:Bedford
823:Retreat
797:Mayview
755:Farview
734:Dixmont
375:Economy
368:on the
358:Walmart
295:Kilbuck
271:History
2099:People
2025:Sports
2010:People
1953:Topics
1889:Herron
1874:Butler
1869:Beaver
1799:Shaler
1779:Peters
1709:Butler
1634:Brooke
1590:Butler
1585:Beaver
1305:Warren
1270:Snyder
1260:Potter
1220:Monroe
1210:Mercer
1205:McKean
1190:Lehigh
1145:Greene
1140:Fulton
1130:Forest
1048:Centre
1043:Carbon
1028:Butler
998:Beaver
919:Topics
853:Warren
459:morgue
2410:South
2000:Media
1829:White
1809:Unity
1794:Scott
1381:South
1366:North
1315:Wayne
1295:Union
1290:Tioga
1245:Perry
1068:South
1063:North
1023:Bucks
1013:Blair
1008:Berks
983:Adams
790:Marcy
536:(PDF)
175:Built
126:W of
1975:Film
1789:Ross
1784:Plum
1769:Penn
1744:Moon
1689:2010
1687:(in
1548:Ohio
1391:West
1330:York
1255:Pike
1120:Erie
1058:East
238:1970
178:1862
1624:in
1565:in
1546:in
1527:in
1115:Elk
662:at
211:No.
2545::
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204:)
200:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
