1637:
47:
1648:
280:
and floppy disk drives require software to manage rapid access to block storage of sequential and other data. For most microcomputers, a disk drive of any kind was an optional peripheral. Systems could be used with a tape drive or booted without a storage device at all. The disk operating system
410:. In 1988, version 2 has facilities such as subdirectories, memory management, and environment strings. The MSX-DOS kernel resides in ROM (built-in on the disk controller) so basic file access capacity is available even without the command interpreter, by using
179:
on the storage disk, and a means for loading and running programs stored on that disk. Strictly speaking, this definition does not include any other functionality, so it does not apply to more complex OSes, such as
376:. The Atari OS only offers low-level disk-access, so an extra layer called DOS can be booted from a floppy for higher level functions such as filesystems. Third-party replacements for Atari DOS include
274:
In the early 1960s, as disk drives became larger and more affordable, various mainframe and minicomputer vendors introduced disk operating systems and modified existing operating systems to use disks.
295:
Most home and personal computers of the late 1970s and 1980s used a disk operating system, most often with "DOS" in the name and simply referred to as "DOS" within their respective communities:
893:
1738:
1109:
1077:
1512:
971:
480:
originally runs from a drum, but starting with the B5500 it runs from a disk. It is the basis for the MCP on the B6500, B7500, and successors.
779:
1685:
1652:
854:
111:
973:
Control
Program-67 /Cambridge Monitor System - (CP-67 /CMS) Version .3.1 - Program Number 3600-05.2.005 - System Description Manual
83:
30:
This article is about disk operating systems in the broadest sense. For the disk operating system used by IBM PC compatibles, see
932:
64:
2014:
1985:
90:
17:
604:
1102:
292:(BPS/360) and TOS/360 for small systems, they were out of the mainstream and most customers used either DOS/360 or OS/360.
1149:
630:
is a disk operating system, as the main or alternate operating system for numerous microcomputers of the 1970s and 1980s.
97:
1144:
759:
130:
730:
1789:
1733:
366:. Unlike most other DOS systems, it is integrated into the disk drives, not loaded into the computer's own memory.
79:
2200:
1708:
1678:
1641:
1262:
1095:
1901:
1799:
424:, as a kit with a disk controller chip, a ROM chip, and a few logic chips, to be installed inside the computer.
68:
2179:
1728:
1713:
615:
289:
818:
1774:
1759:
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765:
1940:
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427:
1073:
1955:
1794:
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856:
IBM System/360 Basic
Programming Support and IBM Basic Operating System/360 Programming Systems Summary
1990:
1809:
1769:
1764:
1723:
1177:
1022:
695:
until 1993. Various compatible systems were later produced by different organizations, starting with
484:
326:
A disk operating system is usually loaded from a disk, but there are exceptions, such as
Commodore's
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1008:
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2033:
1920:
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104:
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57:
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mainframes, the concept of a disk operating system was well established. Although IBM did offer
255:), or no permanent storage at all. Without permanent storage, program and data entry is done at
2167:
2106:
1995:
1975:
1924:
1882:
1287:
546:
508:
35:
835:
1950:
1916:
1818:
550:
469:
373:
2147:
2121:
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252:
8:
2116:
2068:
1945:
1447:
611:
248:
2053:
1960:
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996:
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Some disk operating systems are the operating systems for the entire computer system.
2162:
2111:
2043:
2000:
1841:
1567:
755:
641:
343:
260:
220:
181:
2142:
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323:
is also a disk operating system, despite not having the "DOS" acronym in the name.
268:
152:
406:
computer standard. The initial version, released in 1984, is MS-DOS 1.0 ported to
184:, and is more appropriately used only for older generations of operating systems.
2086:
2048:
2019:
1317:
731:"CP/M Plus: The new disk operating system is faster and more efficient than CP/M"
500:
164:
2172:
2096:
2058:
1930:
1272:
1087:
781:
A Narrative
Description of the Burroughs B5500 Disk File Master Control Program
585:
554:
327:
196:
281:
component of the operating system was only needed when a disk drive was used.
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1965:
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192:
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156:
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437:
381:
256:
172:
160:
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1322:
1219:
1209:
1189:
692:
492:
285:
895:
IBM System/360 Disk and Tape
Operating Systems Concepts and Facilities
600:
operating system for the 1108, which has evolved into OS 2200 for the
2028:
1935:
1861:
1826:
1577:
1532:
1407:
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Early computers predate disk drives, floppy disks, or modern
1024:
IBM System/360 Time
Sharing System - Concepts and Facilities
346:
firmware (a few select versions are also loaded from disk).
1612:
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and TSS/360 evolved into TSS/370 PRPQ, which is now gone.
444:
403:
31:
561:
also has
Control Program-67 /Cambridge Monitor System (
519:
1074:"Definitive List of TRS-80 Model II Operating Systems"
271:. When power is turned off, any information is lost.
71:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
901:(Ninth ed.). IBM. October 1970. GC24-5030-8.
837:GE-635 Comprehensive Operating Supervisor (GECOS)
203:are usually loaded from the disks as part of the
2192:
1117:
934:IBM Operating System/360 Concepts and Facilities
553:(OS/360) are standard for all but the smallest
507:are all disk operating systems. KRONOS became
1679:
1103:
420:(DFS) is an optional component for the Acorn
243:were used instead. Early microcomputers and
569:). BOS is gone, CP-67/CMS has evolved into
342:also mostly resides in ROM, as a part of a
259:switches directly into memory or through a
34:. For IBM mainframe operating systems, see
1686:
1672:
1647:
1110:
1096:
722:
843:. General Electricn. July 1964. CPB-1002.
747:
640:, from 1979 with the introduction of the
131:Learn how and when to remove this message
741:
683:, and then was adapted as the basis for
636:is the primary operating system for the
737:. Vol. 8, no. 7. p. 360.
263:or keyboard, sometimes controlled by a
14:
2193:
1066:
728:
1693:
1667:
1091:
644:, until 1983 when it was replaced by
430:(ADFS) is a successor to Acorn's DFS.
175:for organizing, reading, and writing
171:. A disk operating system provides a
964:
828:
541:The IBM Basic Operating System/360 (
69:adding citations to reliable sources
40:
1015:
787:. Burroughs. October 1966. 1023579.
24:
886:
847:
811:
772:
754:. Greensboro, NC: COMPUTE! Books.
25:
2212:
925:
1790:Object-oriented operating system
1646:
1636:
1635:
1080:from the original on 2017-10-02.
768:from the original on 2017-10-02.
654:is the operating system for the
565:) and Time Sharing System/360 (
349:
219:. Early storage devices such as
45:
303:for the Atari 8-bit computers,
56:needs additional citations for
1800:Supercomputer operating system
819:"CDC Operating System History"
338:which contain the DOS in ROM.
284:By the time IBM announced the
155:that resides on and can use a
13:
1:
983:. September 1971. GH20-0802-2
715:
691:. It was rebranded by IBM as
658:line of computers from Tandy.
299:for Commodore 8-bit systems,
1775:Just enough operating system
1760:Distributed operating system
1034:. September 1968. C28-2003-3
459:
7:
1888:User space and kernel space
1178:Multitasking MS-DOS 4.0/4.1
729:Dahmke, Mark (1983-07-01).
703:
428:Advanced Disc Filing System
187:Disk operating systems for
10:
2217:
1795:Real-time operating system
1588:Technical Support SuperDOS
443:GDOS and G+DOS is for the
210:
29:
2130:
2067:
2013:
1991:Multilevel feedback queue
1986:Fixed-priority preemptive
1974:
1909:
1900:
1870:
1817:
1808:
1770:Hobbyist operating system
1765:Embedded operating system
1747:
1701:
1631:
1365:
1238:
1135:
1126:
588:operating system for the
547:Disk Operating System/360
518:operating system for the
497:Control Data Corporation
495:operating systems on the
485:Chippewa Operating System
290:Basic Programming Support
2034:General protection fault
1785:Network operating system
1739:User features comparison
940:. IBM. 1965. C28-6535-0.
748:Wilkinson, Bill (1982).
511:and SCOPE became NOS/BE.
451:disk interfaces for the
319:for IBM PC compatibles.
27:Type of operating system
1780:Mobile operating system
605:ClearPath Dorado Series
573:, DOS has evolved into
538:(it later became GCOS).
80:"Disk operating system"
2201:Disk operating systems
1883:Loadable kernel module
1288:Datapac System Manager
1119:Disk operating systems
577:, OS has evolved into
474:Master Control Program
362:computers such as the
315:for the Apple II, and
36:DOS/360 and successors
1951:Process control block
1917:Computer multitasking
1755:Disk operating system
614:operating system for
374:Atari 8-bit computers
145:disk operating system
18:Disk Operating System
2122:Virtual tape library
1714:Forensic engineering
551:Operating System/360
253:Kansas City standard
65:improve this article
2131:Supporting concepts
2117:Virtual file system
1448:DEC BATCH-11/DOS-11
1127:MS-DOS, IBM PC DOS,
1030:(Fourth ed.).
557:installations; the
536:mainframe computers
249:audio cassette tape
2054:Segmentation fault
1902:Process management
1428:Concurrent DOS V60
1423:Concurrent DOS 68K
1268:Concurrent CP/M-86
1129:compatible systems
979:(Third ed.).
418:Disc Filing System
414:extended commands.
159:device, such as a
2188:
2187:
2044:Memory protection
2015:Memory management
2009:
2008:
2001:Shortest job next
1896:
1895:
1695:Operating systems
1661:
1660:
1168:
1167:
668:compatibles with
642:floppy disk drive
261:computer terminal
247:used paper tape,
182:Microsoft Windows
141:
140:
133:
115:
16:(Redirected from
2208:
2143:Computer network
1907:
1906:
1815:
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769:
751:Inside Atari DOS
745:
739:
738:
726:
307:for the TRS-80,
153:operating system
151:) is a computer
136:
129:
125:
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73:
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2087:Defragmentation
2072:
2063:
2049:Protection ring
2018:
2005:
1977:
1970:
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1866:
1804:
1743:
1697:
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1366:Other platforms
1361:
1318:NetWare PalmDOS
1234:
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746:
742:
727:
723:
718:
706:
679:was modeled on
462:
372:is used by the
352:
267:interpreter in
213:
197:microprocessors
165:hard disk drive
137:
126:
120:
117:
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62:
50:
39:
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23:
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12:
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5:
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2173:User interface
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2099:
2097:File attribute
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2065:
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2061:
2059:Virtual memory
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2023:
2011:
2010:
2007:
2006:
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2003:
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1993:
1988:
1982:
1980:
1972:
1971:
1969:
1968:
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1931:Context switch
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1273:Concurrent DOS
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659:
649:
631:
625:
608:
582:
549:(DOS/360) and
539:
512:
481:
476:(MCP) for the
461:
458:
457:
456:
441:
431:
425:
415:
397:
367:
351:
348:
245:home computers
241:magnetic drums
212:
209:
201:home computers
139:
138:
53:
51:
44:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2213:
2202:
2199:
2198:
2196:
2181:
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2174:
2171:
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2165:
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2110:
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2100:
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2070:
2066:
2060:
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2042:
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2039:Memory paging
2037:
2035:
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2030:
2027:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2016:
2012:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
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1878:Device driver
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1563:Sinclair QDOS
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1418:Commodore DOS
1416:
1414:
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1339:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1313:Multiuser DOS
1311:
1309:
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1301:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1291:
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1170:
1161:
1158:
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1134:
1131:
1125:
1120:
1113:
1108:
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1101:
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1094:
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1090:
1079:
1075:
1069:
1061:
1049:
1033:
1026:
1025:
1018:
1010:
998:
982:
975:
974:
967:
959:
947:
936:
935:
928:
920:
908:
897:
896:
889:
881:
869:
858:
857:
850:
839:
838:
831:
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783:
782:
775:
767:
763:
761:0-942386-02-7
757:
753:
752:
744:
736:
735:BYTE Magazine
732:
725:
721:
711:
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663:
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632:
629:
626:
623:
622:minicomputers
620:
617:
613:
609:
606:
603:
599:
595:
591:
587:
583:
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576:
572:
568:
564:
560:
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529:
525:
521:
517:
513:
510:
506:
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
479:
475:
472:(now Unisys)
471:
467:
466:
465:
454:
450:
446:
442:
439:
435:
432:
429:
426:
423:
419:
416:
413:
409:
405:
401:
398:
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
375:
371:
368:
365:
361:
357:
356:Commodore DOS
354:
353:
350:OS extensions
347:
345:
341:
337:
333:
329:
324:
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
293:
291:
287:
282:
279:
275:
272:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
242:
238:
237:magnetic tape
234:
230:
229:punched cards
226:
225:core memories
222:
218:
217:flash storage
208:
206:
202:
198:
194:
193:minicomputers
190:
185:
183:
178:
174:
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
150:
146:
135:
132:
124:
113:
110:
106:
103:
99:
96:
92:
89:
85:
82: –
81:
77:
76:Find sources:
70:
66:
60:
59:
54:This article
52:
48:
43:
42:
37:
33:
19:
2074:file systems
1966:Time-sharing
1754:
1438:Cromemco DOS
1393:Apple ProDOS
1118:
1068:
1036:. Retrieved
1023:
1017:
985:. Retrieved
972:
966:
933:
927:
894:
888:
855:
849:
836:
830:
813:
780:
774:
750:
743:
734:
724:
483:The SIPROS,
463:
364:Commodore 64
358:is on 8-bit
332:Commodore 64
325:
294:
283:
276:
273:
233:punched tape
214:
205:boot process
186:
169:optical disc
157:disk storage
148:
144:
142:
127:
118:
108:
101:
94:
87:
75:
63:Please help
58:verification
55:
2092:Device file
2082:Boot loader
1996:Round-robin
1921:Cooperative
1857:Rump kernel
1847:Multikernel
1837:Microkernel
1734:Usage share
1583:SpartaDOS X
1056:|work=
1005:|work=
954:|work=
915:|work=
876:|work=
801:|work=
590:UNIVAC 1107
528:Groupe Bull
501:6000 series
491:, MACE and
453:ZX Spectrum
438:Amstrad CPC
436:is for the
402:is for the
328:disk drives
257:front panel
221:delay lines
173:file system
161:floppy disk
121:August 2009
2022:protection
1978:algorithms
1976:Scheduling
1925:Preemptive
1871:Components
1842:Monolithic
1709:Comparison
1333:PC-MOS/386
1323:Novell DOS
1220:SISNE plus
1210:Novell DOS
1190:IBM PC DOS
1150:Comparison
1038:January 9,
987:January 9,
716:References
596:, and the
555:System/360
534:family of
440:computers.
286:System/360
278:Hard disks
189:mainframes
91:newspapers
2112:Partition
2029:Bus error
1956:Real-time
1936:Interrupt
1862:Unikernel
1827:Exokernel
1578:SpartaDOS
1533:NewDos/80
1408:Atari TOS
1403:Atari DOS
1398:Apple SOS
1388:Apple DOS
1058:ignored (
1048:cite book
1007:ignored (
997:cite book
956:ignored (
946:cite book
917:ignored (
907:cite book
878:ignored (
868:cite book
803:ignored (
793:cite book
685:Microsoft
634:Apple DOS
563:CP-67/CMS
524:Honeywell
470:Burroughs
460:Main OSes
422:BBC Micro
382:SpartaDOS
370:Atari DOS
360:Commodore
344:Kickstart
309:Apple DOS
301:Atari DOS
251:(such as
2195:Category
2158:Live USB
2020:resource
1910:Concepts
1748:Variants
1729:Timeline
1642:Category
1608:TurboDOS
1573:SmartDOS
1513:MicroDOS
1373:AmigaDOS
1358:TurboDOS
1353:Towns OS
1298:K8918-OS
1293:DOS Plus
1183:MS-DOS 7
1155:Commands
1145:Timeline
1078:Archived
766:Archived
704:See also
699:in 1988.
638:Apple II
449:DISCiPLE
390:TurboDOS
340:AmigaDOS
330:for the
2153:Live CD
2107:Journal
2071:access,
2069:Storage
1946:Process
1852:vkernel
1719:History
1702:General
1623:Z80-RIO
1593:Top-DOS
1548:RealDOS
1523:MSX-DOS
1458:DOS/360
1453:DIP DOS
1443:CSI-DOS
1348:SCP1700
1338:REAL/32
1328:OpenDOS
1308:MP/M-86
1278:CP/M-86
1253:4690 OS
1248:4680 OS
1230:FreeDOS
1225:PTS-DOS
1215:ROM-DOS
710:Live CD
586:EXEC II
567:TSS/360
543:BOS/360
522:(later
487:(COS),
400:MSX-DOS
394:Top-DOS
305:TRS-DOS
297:CBM DOS
211:History
105:scholar
1961:Thread
1832:Hybrid
1810:Kernel
1651:
1640:
1603:TRSDOS
1598:TR-DOS
1498:iS-DOS
1488:IDEDOS
1483:GEMDOS
1463:DOS XL
1413:BW-DOS
1378:AMSDOS
1303:FlexOS
1258:86-DOS
1239:Other
1200:DR-DOS
1173:MS-DOS
862:. IBM.
824:. CDC.
758:
697:DR-DOS
693:PC DOS
689:MS-DOS
677:86-DOS
675:CPUs.
666:IBM PC
662:MS-DOS
656:TRS-80
652:TRSDOS
646:ProDOS
619:PDP-11
612:DOS-11
602:Unisys
598:EXEC 8
559:360/67
499:(CDC)
493:KRONOS
434:AMSDOS
392:, and
378:DOS XL
336:VIC-20
317:MS-DOS
313:ProDOS
239:, and
199:, and
107:
100:
93:
86:
78:
2163:Shell
2102:Inode
1618:Z-DOS
1553:SB-80
1543:PTDOS
1528:MyDOS
1493:IMDOS
1383:ANDOS
1343:SB-86
1205:H-DOS
1195:DOS/V
1160:Games
1121:(DOS)
1028:(PDF)
977:(PDF)
938:(PDF)
899:(PDF)
860:(PDF)
841:(PDF)
822:(PDF)
785:(PDF)
670:Intel
575:z/VSE
516:GECOS
489:SCOPE
478:B5000
412:BASIC
386:MyDOS
265:BASIC
177:files
167:, or
112:JSTOR
98:books
1724:List
1653:List
1613:UDOS
1568:RDOS
1538:OS/M
1518:MP/M
1508:MDOS
1503:ISIS
1478:FLEX
1468:Edos
1433:CP/M
1283:CP/K
1263:ADOS
1060:help
1040:2023
1009:help
989:2023
958:help
919:help
880:help
805:help
756:ISBN
681:CP/M
664:for
628:CP/M
610:The
594:1108
592:and
584:The
579:z/OS
571:z/VM
526:and
514:The
505:7600
503:and
468:The
447:and
334:and
321:CP/M
311:and
84:news
2180:PXE
2168:CLI
2148:HAL
2138:API
1941:IPC
1558:SCP
1473:EOS
1241:x86
1140:API
1032:IBM
981:IBM
687:'s
673:x86
616:DEC
545:),
532:600
509:NOS
408:Z80
404:MSX
269:ROM
149:DOS
67:by
32:DOS
2197::
1923:,
1076:.
1052::
1050:}}
1046:{{
1001::
999:}}
995:{{
950::
948:}}
944:{{
911::
909:}}
905:{{
872::
870:}}
866:{{
797::
795:}}
791:{{
764:.
733:.
530:)
520:GE
445:+D
388:,
384:,
380:,
235:,
231:,
227:,
223:,
207:.
195:,
191:,
163:,
143:A
2017:,
1927:)
1919:(
1687:e
1680:t
1673:v
1111:e
1104:t
1097:v
1062:)
1042:.
1011:)
991:.
960:)
921:)
882:)
807:)
648:.
624:.
607:.
455:.
396:.
147:(
134:)
128:(
123:)
119:(
109:·
102:·
95:·
88:·
61:.
38:.
20:)
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