ʻAbdu'l-Bahá - Knowledge

1006:– and in March brought Baháʼu'lláh back to Baghdad. On seeing his father, ʻAbdu'l-Bahá fell to his knees and wept loudly "Why did you leave us?", and this followed with his mother and sister doing the same. ʻAbdu'l-Bahá soon became his father's secretary and shield. During the sojourn in the city ʻAbdu'l-Bahá grew from a boy into a young man. He was noted as a "remarkably fine looking youth", and remembered for his charity. Having passed the age of maturity ʻAbdu'l-Bahá was regularly seen in the mosques of Baghdad discussing religious topics and the scripture as a young man. Whilst in Baghdad, ʻAbdu'l-Bahá composed a commentary at the request of his father on the Muslim tradition of " 2116:ʻAbdu'l-Bahá was widely known for his encounters with the poor and dying. His generosity resulted in his own family complaining that they were left with nothing. He was sensitive to people’s feelings, and later expressed his wish to be a beloved figure of the Bahá’ís saying “I am your father...and you must be glad and rejoice, for I love you exceedingly.” According to historical accounts, he had a keen sense of humour and was relaxed and informal. He was open about personal tragedies such as the loss of his children and the sufferings he'd endured as a prisoner, further enhancing his popularity. 1806: 1373:, was the first time that Baháʼís raised up in the West had met ʻAbdu'l-Bahá. The first group arrived in 1898 and throughout late 1898 to early 1899 Western Baháʼís sporadically visited ʻAbdu'l-Bahá. The group was relatively young containing mainly women from high American society in their 20s. The group of Westerners aroused suspicion for the authorities, and consequently ʻAbdu'l-Bahá's confinement was tightened. During the next decade ʻAbdu'l-Bahá would be in constant communication with Baháʼís around the world, helping them to teach the religion; the group included 1342: 2119:‘Abdu’l-Bahá directed the affairs of the Bahá’í community with care. He was inclined to allow a large range of personal interpretations of the Bahá’í teachings as long as these did not obviously contradict fundamental principles. He did, however, expel members of the religion he felt were challenging his leadership and deliberately causing disunity in the community. Outbreaks of persecution of the Bahá’ís affected him deeply. He wrote personally to the families of those who had been martyred. 1909: 1306:, was mentioned by name as being subordinate to ʻAbdu'l-Bahá. Muhammad ʻAlí became jealous of his half-brother and set out to establish authority for himself as an alternative leader with the support of his brothers Badiʻu'llah and Ḍíyáʼu'llah. He began correspondence with Baháʼís in Iran, initially in secret, casting doubts in others' minds about ʻAbdu'l-Bahá. While most Baháʼís followed ʻAbdu'l-Bahá, a handful followed Muhammad ʻAlí including such leaders as Mirza Javad and 923:, describing how she would take him on her knee, caress him, and engage in heartfelt conversations, leaving a lasting impression on him. His childhood was characterized by happiness and carefree moments. The family's residences in Tehran and the countryside were not only comfortable but also beautifully adorned. ʻAbdu'l-Bahá loved playing in the gardens with his close younger sister, fostering a strong bond between them. Alongside his younger siblings – a sister, 51: 2104:ʻAbdu'l-Bahá was a major presence for the Bahá’ís during his lifetime, and he continues to influence the Bahá’í community today. Bahá’ís regard ‘Abdu’l-Bahá as the perfect example of the teachings of his father and therefore strive to emulate him. Anecdotes about him are frequently used to illustrate particular points about morality and interpersonal relations. He was remembered for his charisma, compassion, philanthropy and strength in the face of suffering. 1754: 1853: 1242:

The object of this sacred verse is none other except the Most Mighty Branch . Thus have We graciously revealed unto you Our potent Will, and I am verily the Gracious, the All-Powerful. Verily God hath ordained the station of the Greater Branch to be beneath that of the Most Great Branch . He is in truth the Ordainer, the All-Wise. We have chosen 'the Greater' after 'the Most Great', as decreed by Him Who is the All-Knowing, the All-Informed.

5143: 1035: 5226: 282: 654: 1090: 1876:. With the war still raging in 1917, ʻAbdu'l-Bahá received a large amount of wheat from the crops, and also bought other available wheat and shipped it all back to Haifa. The wheat arrived just after the British captured Palestine, and as such was allowed to be widely distributed to allay the famine. For this service in averting a famine in Northern Palestine he received the honour of 1317:, equal in status to Baháʼu'lláh. It was at this time that ʻAbdu'l-Bahá, to provide proof of the falsity of the accusations leveled against him, in tablets to the West, stated that he was to be known as "ʻAbdu'l-Bahá" an Arabic phrase meaning the Servant of Bahá to make it clear that he was not a Manifestation of God, and that his station was only servitude. ʻAbdu'l-Bahá left a 1547: 2071:. Shoghi Effendi later formalized his legacy as the last of three "Central Figures" of the Baháʼí Faith and the "Perfect exemplar" of the teachings, also claiming that holding him on an equal status to Baháʼu'lláh or Jesus was heretical. Shoghi Effendi also wrote that during the anticipated Baháʼí dispensation of 1000 years there will be no equal to ʻAbdu'l-Bahá. 2113:‘Abdu’l-Bahá when he was in Egypt and their attitude changed. Similarly, a Christian clergyman, Rev. J.T. Bixby, who was the author of a hostile article on the Bahá’í Faith in the United States, felt compelled to witness Abdu'l-Bahá's personal qualities. The effect of ‘Abdu’l-Bahá on those who were already committed Bahá’ís was greater still. 1333:, including Shoghi Effendi's father, Mírzá Hádí Shírází. However Muhammad ʻAlí's and his families statements had very little effect on the Baháʼís in general – in the ʻAkká area, the followers of Muhammad ʻAlí represented six families at most, they had no common religious activities, and were almost wholly assimilated into Muslim society. 1068:. At this point ʻAbdu'l-Bahá was known by the Baháʼís as "the Master", and by non-Baháʼís as ʻAbbás Effendi ("Effendi" signifies "Sir"). It was in Adrianople that Baháʼu'lláh referred to his son as "the Mystery of God". The title of "Mystery of God" symbolises, according to Baháʼís, that ʻAbdu'l-Bahá is not a 1049:, and thus his family, including ʻAbdu'l-Bahá, then eighteen, accompanied him on his 110-day journey. The journey to Constantinople was another wearisome journey, and ʻAbdu'l-Bahá helped feed the exiles. It was here that his position became more prominent amongst the Baháʼís. This was further solidified by 1102:

the shore, ʻAbdu'l-Bahá took a chair and carried the women to the bay of ʻAkká. ʻAbdu'l-Bahá was able to procure some anesthetic and nursed the sick. The Baháʼís were imprisoned under horrendous conditions in a cluster of cells covered in excrement and dirt. ʻAbdu'l-Bahá himself fell dangerously ill with

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Seldom have I seen one whose appearance impressed me more. A tall strongly built man holding himself straight as an arrow, with white turban and raiment, long black locks reaching almost to the shoulder, broad powerful forehead indicating a strong intellect combined with an unswerving will, eyes keen

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asserts that during his visits to Beirut, ʻAbdu'l-Bahá would attend Abduh's study sessions. Regarding the meetings of ʻAbdu'l-Bahá and Muhammad ʻAbduh, Shoghi Effendi asserts that "His several interviews with the well-known Shaykh Muhammad ʻAbdu served to enhance immensely the growing prestige of the

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to re-introduce stricter terms on ʻAbdu'l-Bahá's imprisonment in August 1901. By 1902, however, due to the Governor of ʻAkka being supportive of ʻAbdu'l-Bahá, the situation was greatly eased; while pilgrims were able to once again visit ʻAbdu'l-Bahá, he was confined to the city. In February 1903, two

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to turn, one and all, their faces towards the Most Mighty Branch. Consider that which We have revealed in Our Most Holy Book: 'When the ocean of My presence hath ebbed and the Book of My Revelation is ended, turn your faces toward Him Whom God hath purposed, Who hath branched from this Ancient Root.'

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exile community and the outside world. It was through his interaction with the people of ʻAkká (Acre) that, according to the Baháʼís, they recognized the innocence of the Baháʼís, and thus the conditions of imprisonment were eased. Four months after the death of Mihdí the family moved from the prison

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where it was expected that the family would perish. Arrival in ʻAkká was distressing for the family and exiles. They were greeted in a hostile manner by the surrounding population and his sister and father fell dangerously ill. When told that the women were to sit on the shoulders of the men to reach

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Most of us here have, I think, a clear picture of Sir ʻAbdu'l‑Bahá ʻAbbás, of His dignified figure walking thoughtfully in our streets, of His courteous and gracious manner, of His kindness, of His love for little children and flowers, of His generosity and care for the poor and suffering. So gentle

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One event that affected ʻAbdu'l-Bahá greatly during his childhood was the imprisonment of his father when ʻAbdu'l-Bahá was eight years old; this circumstance led to a considerable decline in the family's economic standing, subjecting him to poverty and exposing them to hostility from other children

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According to contemporary accounts ʻAbdu'l-Bahá was an eloquent and charming child. At the age of seven, he faced a severe health challenge when he contracted tuberculosis, and his prognosis suggested death. Though the illness abated, this marked the beginning of a lifelong struggle with recurrent

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After the death of Bahá’u’lláh, ʻAbdu'l-Bahá began to visibly age. By the late 1890s his hair had turned snow-white and deep lines set on his face. As a young man he was athletic and enjoyed archery, horseback riding and swimming. Even later in his life ʻAbdu'l-Bahá remained active going for long

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through a worldwide organization. ʻAbdu'l-Bahá had written in 1875 for the need to establish a "Union of the nations of the world", and he praised the attempt through the League of Nations as an important step towards the goal. He also said that it was "incapable of establishing Universal Peace"

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When ʻAbdu'l-Bahá was a young man, speculation was rife amongst the Baháʼís as to whom he would marry. Several young girls were seen as marriage prospects but ʻAbdu'l-Bahá seemed disinclined to marriage. On 8 March 1873, at the urging of his father, the twenty-eight-year-old ʻAbdu'l-Bahá married

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His visit and talks were the subject of hundreds of newspaper articles. In Boston newspaper reporters asked ʻAbdu'l-Bahá why he had come to America, and he stated that he had come to participate in conferences on peace and that just giving warning messages is not enough. ʻAbdu'l-Bahá's visit to

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wished that the Baháʼís follow the example of ʻAbdu'l-Bahá and gradually move away from polygamy. The marriage of ʻAbdu'l-Bahá to one woman and his choice to remain monogamous, from advice of his father and his own wish, legitimised the practice of monogamy to a people who hitherto had regarded

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Due to a life largely marked by exile and imprisonment, ʻAbdu'l-Bahá had limited opportunities for formal schooling. In his youth, it was customary for children of nobility, including ʻAbdu'l-Bahá, not to attend conventional schools. Instead, noblemen typically received brief education at home,

2087:ʻAbdu'l-Bahá was described as handsome, and bore striking resemblance to his mother. As an adult he reached medium height but he gave the impression of being taller. He had dark hair that flowed to his shoulders, grey coloured eyes, a fair complexion and an aquiline nose. In 1890, Orientalist 2008:

of the religion, a hereditary executive role that may provide authoritative interpretations of scripture. ʻAbdu'l-Bahá directed all Baháʼís to turn to him and obey him, and assured him of divine protection and guidance. The will also provided a formal reiteration of his teachings, such as the

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among others reported on ʻAbdu'l-Bahá's activities. The headlines in those papers included "Persian Teacher to Preach Peace", "Racialism Wrong, Says Eastern Sage, Strife and War Caused by Religious and National Prejudices", and "Apostle of Peace Meets Socialists, Abdul Baha's Novel Scheme for

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Even ardent enemies of the Bahá’í Faith were on occasion taken by meeting him. Mírzá 'Abdu'l-Muḥammad Írání Mu'addibu's-Sulṭán, an Iranian, and Shaykh 'Alí Yúsuf, an Arab, were both newspaper editors in Egypt who had published harsh attacks on the Bahá’í Faith in their papers. They called on

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expressed an interest in her to marry ʻAbdu'l-Bahá. After a wearisome journey from Isfahán to Akka she finally arrived accompanied by her brother in 1872. The young couple were betrothed for about five months before the marriage itself commenced. In the meantime, Fátimih lived in the home of

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The marriage resulted in nine children. The first born was a son Mihdí Effendi who died aged about 3. He was followed by Ḍíyáʼíyyih K͟hánum, Fuʼádíyyih K͟hánum (d. few years old), Rúhangíz Khánum (d. 1893), Túbá Khánum, Husayn Effendi (d. 1887 aged 5), Túbá K͟hánum, Rúhá K͟hánum (mother of

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While he did spend a short period at a traditional preparatory school at the age of seven for a single year, ʻAbdu'l-Bahá did not undergo formal education. His mother and uncle took on the responsibility of his early education, but the primary source of his learning was his father. In 1890

1475:, in an attempt to disseminate Baháʼí thought into their political ideology. He emphasized Baháʼís "seek freedom and love liberty, hope for equality, are well-wishers of humanity and ready to sacrifice their lives to unite humanity" but on a more broad approach than the Young Turks. 1602:, and cited preference of a longer sea journey as the reason. After hearing of the Titanic's sinking on 16 April he was quoted as saying "I was asked to sail upon the Titanic, but my heart did not prompt me to do so." While he spent most of his time in New York, he visited Chicago, 1201:), and Munnavar K͟hánum. The death of his children caused ʻAbdu'l-Bahá immense grief – in particular the death of his son Husayn Effendi came at a difficult time following the death of his mother and uncle. The surviving children (all daughters) were; Ḍíyáʼíyyih K͟hánum (mother of 1701:, which was distributed across Canada, took so much interest that it republished the articles a week later; the Gazette published six articles and Montreal's largest French language newspaper published two articles about him. His 1912 visit to Montreal also inspired humourist 989:

becoming constant companions. ʻAbdu'l-Bahá was particularly close to both, and his mother took active participation in his education and upbringing. During the two-year absence of his father ʻAbdu'l-Bahá took up the duty of managing the affairs of the family, before his

960:. He described how "I saw a dark, steep place. We entered a small, narrow doorway, and went down two steps, but beyond those one could see nothing. In the middle of the stairway, all of a sudden we heard His …voice: 'Do not bring him in here', and so they took me back". 1641:

During his visit to North America he visited many missions, churches, and groups, as well as having scores of meetings in Baháʼís' homes, and offering innumerable personal meetings with hundreds of people. During his talks he proclaimed Baháʼí principles such as the

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described how ʻAbdu'l-Bahá was "one more eloquent of speech, more ready of argument, more apt of illustration, more intimately acquainted with the sacred books of the Jews, the Christians, and the Muhammadans...scarcely be found even amongst the eloquent."

931:– he experienced a life of privilege, joy, and comfort. During his formative years, ʻAbdu'l-Bahá observed his parents' commitment to various charitable endeavors, including the conversion of part of their home into a hospital ward for women and children. 1077:(meaning "Mightiest Branch" or "Mightier Branch"), the "Branch of Holiness", "the Center of the Covenant" and the apple of his eye. ʻAbdu'l-Bahá ("the Master") was devastated when hearing the news that he and his family were to be exiled separately from 2108:

reflected that " showed that it is still possible, amid the whirl and rush of modern life, amid the self-love and struggle for material prosperity that everywhere prevail, to live the life of entire devotion to God and to the service of one's fellows."

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that ʻAbdu'l-Bahá wrote are over 27,000 of which only a fraction have been translated into English. His works fall into two groups including first his direct writings and second his lectures and speeches as noted by others. The first group includes

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was He, and so simple, that in His presence one almost forgot that He was also a great teacher, and that His writings and His conversations have been a solace and an inspiration to hundreds and thousands of people in the East and in the West.

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followers of Muhammad ʻAlí, including Badiʻu'llah and Siyyid ʻAliy-i-Afnan, broke with Muhammad ʻAli and wrote books and letters giving details of Muhammad ʻAli's plots and noting that what was circulating about ʻAbdu'l-Bahá was fabrication.

1010:" for a Súfí leader named ʻAlí Shawkat Páshá. ʻAbdu'l-Bahá was fifteen or sixteen at the time and ʻAlí Shawkat Páshá regarded the more than 11,000-word essay as a remarkable feat for somebody of his age. In 1863, in what became known as the 1587:

In the following year, he undertook a much more extensive journey to the United States and Canada to once again spread his father's teachings. He arrived in New York City on 11 April 1912, after declining an offer of passage on the

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From August to December 1911, ʻAbdu'l-Bahá visited cities in Europe, including London, Bristol, and Paris. The purpose of these trips was to support the Baháʼí communities in the west and to further spread his father's teachings.

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but how a "person of ʻAbdu'l-Bahá the incompatible characteristics of a human nature and superhuman knowledge and perfection have been blended and are completely harmonized". Baháʼu'lláh gave his son many other titles such as

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a wealthy New York lawyer described how "a crowd of human beings...Syrians, Arabs, Ethiopians, and many others", all waited to talk and receive ʻAbdu'l-Bahá. He undertook a history of the Bábí religion through publication of

1953:... a funeral the like of which Haifa, nay Palestine itself, had surely never seen... so deep was the feeling that brought so many thousands of mourners together, representative of so many religions, races and tongues. 4856: 1001:

In 1856, news of an ascetic carrying on discourses with local Súfí leaders that seemed to possibly be Baháʼu'lláh reached the family and friends. Immediately, family members and friends went to search for the elusive

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had guided many Americans to Islam. The next few years in ʻAkka were relatively free of pressures and pilgrims were able to come and visit ʻAbdu'l-Bahá. By 1909 the mausoleum of the Shrine of the Báb was completed.

1392:, Susan Moody, Lua Getsinger, and American Laura Clifford Barney. It was Laura Clifford Barney who, by asking questions of ʻAbdu'l-Bahá over many years and many visits to Haifa, compiled what later became the book 2810: 972:

in the winter (January to April) of 1853. During the journey ʻAbdu'l-Bahá suffered from frost-bite. After a year of difficulties Baháʼu'lláh absented himself rather than continue to face the conflict with

994:(14 in middle-eastern society) and was known to be occupied with reading and, at a time of hand-copied scriptures being the primary means of publishing, was also engaged in copying the writings of the 2067:

During his lifetime there was some ambiguity among Baháʼís as to his station relative to Baháʼu'lláh, and later to Shoghi Effendi. Some American newspapers reported him to be a Baháʼí prophet or the

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Due to ʻAbdu'l-Bahá's political activities and alleged accusation against him by Muhammad ʻAli, a Commission of Inquiry interviewed ʻAbdu'l-Bahá in 1905, with the result that he was almost exiled to

1189:. According to her later memoirs, Fátimih fell in love with ʻAbdu'l-Bahá on seeing him. ʻAbdu'l-Bahá himself had showed little inkling to marriage until meeting Fátimih; who was entitled Munírih by 1097:

At the age of 24, ʻAbdu'l-Bahá was clearly chief-steward to his father and an outstanding member of the Baháʼí community. Baháʼu'lláh and his family were – in 1868 – exiled to the penal colony of

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In Palestine, the followers of Moḥammad-ʿAlī continued as a small group of families opposed to the Bahai leadership in Haifa; they have now been almost wholly re-assimilated into Muslim society.

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The Nahrí family had earned their fortune from a successful trading business. They won the favor of the leading ecclesiastics and nobility of Isfahan and had business transactions with royalty.

919:, a prominent and powerful nobleman. ʻAbdu'l-Bahá's early years were shaped by his father's prominent role within the Bábí community. As a child, he fondly recalled interactions with the Bábí 1106:, however a sympathetic soldier permitted a physician to help cure him. The population shunned them, the soldiers treated them the same, and the behaviour of Siyyid Muhammad-i-Isfahani (an 1483:

who considered the Baháʼí Faith an intermediary step between Islam and the ultimate abandonment of religious belief, would go on trial for defense of Baháʼís in a periodical he founded.

1498:, is commonly known as Bedri Paşa or Bedri Pasha and is referred to in Persian Baháʼí sources as Bedri Bey (Badri Beg). He was a Baháʼí who translated ‛Abdu'l-Baha's works into French. 1444:, Turkmenistan. ʻAbdu'l-Bahá asked Aqa Mirza Aqa to coordinate the work so that the house of the Báb would be restored to the state that it was at the time of the Báb's declaration to 1938:

telegraphed the High Commissioner for Palestine, "convey to the Baháʼí Community, on behalf of His Majesty's Government, their sympathy and condolence." Similar messages came from

1775:, later described as one of three "charters" of the Baháʼí Faith. The letters assign a leadership role for the North American Baháʼís in spreading the religion around the planet. 1580:

near the Shrine of the Báb. In 1910, with the freedom to leave the country, he embarked on a three-year journey to Egypt, Europe, and North America, spreading the Baháʼí message.

5604: 1148: 883:(Turkish), both of which are equivalent to the English Sir ʻAbbás. During most of his time as head of the Bahá'í Faith, he used and preferred the title of ʻAbdu'l-Bahá (" 2807: 2042: 1404:

During the final years of the 19th century, while ʻAbdu'l-Bahá was still officially a prisoner and confined to ʻAkka, he organized the transfer of the remains of the

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revolution freed all political prisoners in the Ottoman Empire, and ʻAbdu'l-Bahá was freed from imprisonment. His first action after his freedom was to visit the

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because it did not represent all nations and had only trivial power over its member states. Around the same time, the British Mandate supported the ongoing

868:. Many of his writings, prayers and letters are extant, and his discourses with the Western Baháʼís emphasize the growth of the religion by the late 1890s. 2326: 1711:. In Chicago one newspaper headline included "His Holiness Visits Us, Not Pius X but A. Baha," and ʻAbdu'l-Bahá's visit to California was reported in the 1877: 1857: 1382: 840: 1219: 847: 799:

and the family's possessions were looted, leaving them in virtual poverty. His father was exiled from their native Iran, and the family went to live in

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Baháʼu'lláh was eventually released from prison, but ordered into exile, and ʻAbdu'l-Bahá, then eight years old, joined his father on the journey to

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focusing on subjects such as scripture, rhetoric, calligraphy, and basic mathematics, with an emphasis on preparing for life within royal courts.

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that was originally written between 1901 and 1908 and addressed to Shoghi Effendi, who at that time was only 4–11 years old. The will appoints

1555: 1531:. In response, ʻAbdu'l-Bahá wrote the sultan a letter protesting that his followers refrain from involvement in partisan politics and that his 1313:

Muhammad ʻAlí and Mirza Javad began to openly accuse ʻAbdu'l-Bahá of taking on too much authority, suggesting that he believed himself to be a

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to develop the land and "elevate the country for all its inhabitants... They must not work to separate the Jews from the other Palestinians."

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from 1892 until 1921. ʻAbdu'l-Bahá was later canonized as the last of three "central figures" of the religion, along with Baháʼu'lláh and the

339: 334: 4962: 3341: 4376: 5599: 854:. He faced opposition from virtually all his family members, but held the loyalty of the great majority of Baháʼís around the world. His 1789:, the Ottoman military chief who at one point expressed his desire to crucify him and destroy Baháʼí properties in Palestine. The swift 1314: 1069: 1015: 2265: 1996: 1318: 1151:(Makála-i-Shakhsí Sayyáh) in 1886, later translated and published in translation in 1891 through Cambridge University by the agency of 1081:. It was, according to Baháʼís, through his intercession that the idea was reverted and the family were allowed to be exiled together. 861: 2037:

published in 1930 and 1933, Shoghi Effendi named nineteen Baháʼís as disciples of ʻAbdu'l-Bahá and heralds of the Covenant, including

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properties. It was during this revival of activity that the Baháʼí Faith saw an expansion and consolidation in places like Egypt, the

5614: 5594: 700: 40: 3005: 1982:. His interment there is meant to be temporary, until his own mausoleum can be built in the vicinity of Riḍván Garden, known as the 1369:

By the end of 1898, Western pilgrims started coming to Akka on pilgrimage to visit ʻAbdu'l-Bahá; this group of pilgrims, including

5589: 5458: 5182: 1765:(1914–1918) ʻAbdu'l-Bahá stayed in Palestine and was unable to travel. He carried on a limited correspondence, which included the 1655: 1797:

swept away the Turkish forces in Palestine before harm was done to the Baháʼís, and the war was over less than two months later.

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The authenticity and provisions of the will were almost universally accepted by Baháʼís around the world, with the exception of

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as the Guardian. With the exception of ʻAbdu'l-Bahá and Shoghi Effendi, Muhammad ʻAlí was supported by all of the remaining

5609: 1939: 1881: 1794: 1131:. The people of ʻAkká started to respect the Baháʼís and in particular, ʻAbdu'l-Bahá. ʻAbdu'l-Bahá was able to arrange for 676: 4725: 1893: 1416:. This process took another 10 years. With the increase of pilgrims visiting ʻAbdu'l-Bahá, Muhammad ʻAlí worked with the 5370: 5235: 3348: 1412:

that Baháʼu'lláh had instructed should be used to lay the remains of the Báb, and organized for the construction of the

461: 5619: 4429: 3864: 3811: 3689: 3619: 3589: 1638:, and Los Angeles before starting to return east at the end of October. On 5 December 1912 he set sail back to Europe. 1321:

that set up the framework of administration. The two highest institutions were the Universal House of Justice, and the

1168:(1847–1938) a twenty-five-year-old from an upper-class family of the city. Her father was Mírzá Muḥammad ʻAlí Nahrí of 1026:. On day eight of the twelve days, it is believed ʻAbdu'l-Bahá was the first person Baháʼu'lláh revealed his claim to. 5411: 5339: 5269: 2296: 2025: 1495: 1330: 1238: 504: 423: 349: 5112: 5079: 5058: 5014: 4932: 4825: 4782: 4759: 4735: 4687: 4604: 4578: 4551: 3714: 3382: 2697: 2134: 2096:

as a hawk's, and strongly marked but pleasing features – such was my first impression of 'Abbás Efendí, "the master".

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The war also left the region in famine. In 1901, ʻAbdu'l-Bahá had purchased about 1704 acres of scrubland near the

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were also elaborated. Shoghi Effendi later described the document as one of three "charters" of the Baháʼí Faith.

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on the land. ʻAbdu'l-Bahá received between 20 and 33% of their harvest (or cash equivalent), which was shipped to

1595:, telling the Baháʼí believers, instead, to "Donate this to charity." He instead travelled on a slower craft, the 1565: 1222:

of Baháʼu'lláh named ʻAbdu'l-Bahá as Centre of the Covenant, successor and interpreter of Baháʼu'lláh's writings.

1110:) did not help matters. Morale was further destroyed with the accidental death of ʻAbdu'l-Bahá's youngest brother 554: 1480: 1428:

that ʻAbdu'l-Bahá was directing, he started to put into execution two different projects; the restoration of the

1019: 5542: 5454: 5249: 2005: 1643: 1437: 1322: 669: 653: 549: 433: 329: 281: 5624: 2927: 2061: 1983: 1270:

do not mean, respectively, 'Greater' and 'Most Great'. Not only do the two words derive from entirely separate

120: 5385: 2704:- complete edition, with illustrations, footnotes in English and French, complete introduction and appendices. 1880:

at a ceremony held in his honor at the home of the British Governor on 27 April 1920. He was later visited by

1745:

who was a leading advocate and financier of the Zionist movement, during one of his early trips to Palestine.

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bombardment, enough that ʻAbdu'l-Bahá and other Baháʼís temporarily retreated to the hills east of ʻAkka.

1011: 998:. ʻAbdu'l-Bahá also took an interest in the art of horse riding and, as he grew, became a renowned rider. 860:

helped galvanize Baháʼís in North America into spreading the Baháʼí teachings to new territories, and his

3605: 3372: 2047: 1387: 5486: 1822: 1487: 576: 5349: 5154: 3760: 2943: 2795: 2692:. Translated by Shoghi Effendi (Hardcover ed.). Wilmette, Illinois, USA: Baháʼí Publishing Trust. 2244: 2203: 2014: 1767: 1738: 856: 438: 5547: 5096:

Abdu'l-Bahā 'Abbās - Head of The Bahā'ī Faith; A Life in Social and Regional Context. Idra Publishing.

4697: 3121: 639: 4234:, p. 77, quoting 'The Passing of ʻAbdu'l-Bahá", by Lady Blomfield and Shoghi Effendi, pp 11, 12. 1917: 1730:. Finally, on 12 June 1913, he returned to Egypt, where he stayed for six months before returning to 5537: 5491: 5323: 1832:

The end of the war brought about several political developments that ʻAbdu'l-Bahá commented on. The

1572:. While ʻAbdu'l-Bahá continued to live in ʻAkka immediately following the revolution, he soon moved 634: 629: 581: 405: 4836:

Lighting the Western Sky: The Hearst Pilgrimage & Establishment of the Baha'i Faith in the West

1307: 1064:

In Adrianople ʻAbdu'l-Bahá was regarded as the sole comforter of his family – in particular to his

5527: 5244: 4982: 2033: 887:

of Bahá", a reference to his father). He is commonly referred to in Baháʼí texts as "The Master".

619: 324: 5317: 5023: 4998: 2237: 2177: 2088: 1658:, world peace and economic justice. He also insisted that all his meetings be open to all races. 1393: 1152: 1007: 940: 399: 5416: 5375: 5274: 5168: 4626: 4122: 3358: 2759: 2511: 1271: 784:, and his writings and authenticated talks are regarded as sources of Baháʼí sacred literature. 509: 466: 354: 5127: 4036: 2195:

which are respectively addresses given by ʻAbdu'l-Bahá in Paris, London and the United States.

1354: 1114:

at the age of 22. The grieving ʻAbdu'l-Bahá kept a night-long vigil beside his brother's body.

981:

in April 1854 a month before ʻAbdu'l-Bahá's tenth birthday. Mutual sorrow resulted in him, his

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declared his mission. Born with the given name of ʻAbbás, he was named after his grandfather

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Montreal provided notable newspaper coverage; on the night of his arrival the editor of the

1065: 1057:

in which he constantly exalts his son's virtues and station. The family were soon exiled to

982: 908: 238: 5584: 5579: 3785: 2311: 1943: 1670: 1486:‛Abdu'l-Bahá also had contact with military leaders as well, including such individuals as 1186: 1132: 1128: 1054: 986: 924: 795:

family. At the age of eight his father was imprisoned during a government crackdown on the

5476: 5303: 5191: 1975: 1845:. ʻAbdu'l-Bahá mentioned the immigration as a fulfillment of prophecy, and encouraged the 1425: 1413: 1123: 851: 777: 566: 385: 273: 161: 8: 4635: 3707:

Islam and the Baháʼí Faith: A Comparative Study of Muhammad ʻAbduh and ʻAbdul-Baha ʻAbbas

2373: 2258: 2251: 2160: 2151: 2009:

instructions to teach, manifest spiritual qualities, associate with all people, and shun

1837: 1829:, Iran, Turkmenistan, North America and South Asia under the leadership of ʻAbdu'l-Bahá. 1818: 1664: 1635: 1449: 1346: 1291: 1165: 1122:

Over time, he gradually took over responsibility for the relationships between the small

836: 183: 109: 5264: 3637:"A Conflict on Bahaʼism and Islam in 1922: Abdullah Cevdet and State Religious Agencies" 2301: 1429: 1136: 1111: 1039: 928: 344: 5406: 5354: 5279: 5003: 4613: 4593: 4504: 4168: 3852: 3799: 3677: 3577: 2683: 2343: 2128: 2018: 1691: 1143: 499: 443: 359: 5481: 1923:ʻAbdu'l-Bahá died on Monday, 28 November 1921, sometime after 1:15 a.m. (27th of 1718:

Back in Europe, he visited London, Edinburgh, Paris (where he stayed for two months),

957: 571: 5108: 5075: 5054: 5033: 5010: 4948: 4928: 4893: 4873: 4839: 4821: 4801: 4778: 4755: 4731: 4683: 4649: 4600: 4574: 4547: 4425: 4400: 4011: 3922: 3860: 3807: 3710: 3685: 3615: 3585: 3378: 2693: 1935: 1924: 1833: 1742: 1676: 1614:. In August of the same year he started a more extensive journey to places including 1506: 4677: 4644: 4524: 3414: 2316: 2181:, which is an English translation of a series of table talks with Laura Barney, and 835:

from 1914 to 1918. The war replaced the openly hostile Ottoman authorities with the

4974: 4852: 4639: 4588: 2906:"ʻAbdu'l-Baha's Commentary on The Islamic Tradition: "I Was a Hidden Treasure ..."" 2010: 1885: 1378: 1061:

and ʻAbdu'l-Bahá went with the family. ʻAbdu'l-Bahá again suffered from frostbite.

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The following is a list of some of ʻAbdu'l-Bahá's many books, tablets, and talks:

1817:

led to the openly hostile Ottoman authorities being replaced by the more friendly

1205:) (d. 1951) Túbá K͟hánum (1880–1959) Rúḥá K͟hánum and Munavvar K͟hánum (d. 1971). 378: 5102: 5069: 5046: 5027: 4942: 4887: 4815: 4795: 4621: 4447:"ON THE OCCASION OF THE CENTENARY COMMEMORATION OF THE ASCENSION OF 'ABDU'L-BAHÁ" 3735:"Rashid Rida on the Bahai Faith: A Utilitarian Theory of the Spread of Religions" 2983: 2814: 1702: 1510: 1476: 1098: 991: 900: 816: 5431: 4331:. Evanston, IL: National Spiritual Assembly of the Baháʼís of the United States. 1341: 524: 5401: 4863:, Evanston, IL: National Spiritual Assembly of the Baháʼís of the United States 4768: 4745: 4721: 4673: 2321: 2105: 2064:. No other statements about them have been found in Shoghi Effendi's writings. 2053: 2038: 2001: 1958: 1502: 1460: 1417: 1358: 1326: 1202: 827:

to spread the Baháʼí message beyond its middle-eastern roots, but the onset of

804: 494: 252: 1464: 5573: 4925:

The Bábí and Baháʼí Religions, 1844–1944 – Some Contemporary Western Accounts

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Journey To A Mountain: The Story of the Shrine of the Báb: Volume 1 1850-1921

3410: 3259: 2068: 2057: 1962: 1897: 1869: 1821:, allowing for a renewal of correspondence, pilgrims, and development of the 1615: 1370: 1362: 876: 141: 128: 2414:(meaning "Mightiest Branch" or "Mightier Branch") and his second eldest son 2028:

and a few other Americans who tried to protest Shoghi Effendi's leadership.

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written to various people; including various Western intellectuals such as

1979: 1908: 1889: 1865: 1786: 1611: 1472: 1445: 1433: 1409: 1198: 978: 591: 392: 4978: 4772: 4749: 4397:

Visiting 'Abdu'l-Baha – Volume I: The West Discovers the Master, 1897–1911

1737:

On 23 February 1914, at the eve of World War I, ʻAbdu'l-Bahá hosted Baron

4707: 2687: 2381: 2377: 2223: 2183: 1814: 1762: 1631: 1589: 1561: 1520: 1513:, in Beirut, at a time when the two men were both opposed to the Ottoman 1374: 1299: 1295: 1172:, an eminent Baháʼí with prominent connections. Fátimih was brought from 974: 828: 792: 4568: 1753: 1524:

community and spread abroad the fame of its most distinguished member."

50: 4164: 1928: 1619: 1607: 1596: 1468: 1456: 1058: 872: 87: 5436: 1852: 920: 529: 4699:

A Traveller's Narrative: Written to illustrate the episode of the Bab

4573:. Wilmette, Illinois, USA: Baháʼí Publishing Trust (published 1994). 3756: 3730: 1719: 1683: 1603: 1103: 5421: 5380: 3388: 1230: 1181: 796: 514: 471: 5137: 5133: 2079: 1826: 1723: 1627: 1441: 1259: 1046: 948:

bouts of various illnesses that would persist throughout his life.

819:(Acre). ʻAbdu'l-Bahá remained a political prisoner there until the 808: 171: 4777:(5th ed.), Wilmette, Illinois, USA: Baháʼí Publishing Trust, 2808:

Can women act as agents of a democratization of theocracy in Iran?

1408:

from Iran to Palestine. He then organized the purchase of land on

1234: 1229:

The Will of the divine Testator is this: It is incumbent upon the

803:, where they stayed for nine years. They were later called by the 5148: 3761:"Muhammad ʻAbduh and Rashid Rida: A Dialogue on the Baha'i Faith" 1846: 1169: 1003: 969: 956:

who was then imprisoned in the infamous subterranean dungeon the

880: 800: 1225:

Baháʼu'lláh designates his successor with the following verses:

5469: 5160: 4297:. New York: Baháʼí Publishing Committee, 1933. pp. 118–19. 2568: 1842: 1727: 1533: 1528: 1455:

During this period, ʻAbdu'l-Bahá communicated with a number of

1448:

in 1844; he also entrusted the work on the House of Worship to

1173: 1034: 896: 875:

was ʻAbbás. Depending on context, he would have gone by either

812: 788: 559: 83: 5210: 4285:. New York: Baháʼí Publishing Committee, 1930. pp. 84–85. 3914: 3268:, by Udo Schaefer, Nicola Towfigh, and Ulrich Gollmer: Review" 2376:

is a stage of gradation in Arabic that can be used both for a

1949:

On his funeral, which was held the next day, Esslemont notes:

1405: 1294:, a stage of gradation, with no clear distinction between the 1142:ʻAbdu'l-Bahá soon became very popular in the penal colony and 1023: 995: 912: 781: 301: 5496: 5225: 5104:

Mahmúd's Diary: Chronicling ʻAbdu'l-Bahá's Journey to America

3895: 3893: 3891: 2944:

The history and significance of the Baháʼí festival of Ridván

1913: 1873: 1731: 1623: 1577: 1569: 1546: 1515: 1139:

around 1879 when an epidemic caused the inhabitants to flee.

1107: 1089: 952:

in the streets. ʻAbdu'l-Bahá accompanied his mother to visit

884: 832: 742: 586: 105: 4091: 1093:

Prison in ʻAkká where Baháʼu'lláh and his family were housed

1014:, his father Baháʼu'lláh announced to a few that he was the 4237: 4189: 4129:. Vol. 10, no. 10. 8 September 1919. p. 196. 3505: 3503: 2442: 1836:

formed in January 1920, representing the first instance of

733: 710: 4502: 4255: 4079: 3888: 3820: 722: 4963:"Adasiyyah: A Study in Agriculture and Rural Development" 4385:, See Browne's "Introduction" and "Notes", esp. "Note W". 4264: 4043:. Vol. 9, no. 10. 8 September 1918. p. 107 3994: 3992: 3990: 3878: 3876: 3559: 3557: 3544: 3542: 3240: 3133: 3131: 2654: 2652: 2441:

The first apostrophe-like letter in "ʻAbdu'l-Bahá" is an

1302:. In the Will and Testament ʻAbdu'l-Bahá's half-brother, 823:

freed him in 1908 at the age of 64. He then made several

5071:

The origins of the Baháʼí community of Canada, 1898–1948

4469: 4467: 3500: 3488: 3464: 3066: 2954: 2952: 2726: 2724: 2722: 2583: 2581: 2579: 2577: 2575: 2573: 2571: 2558: 2556: 2554: 2552: 2550: 2548: 2490: 2488: 2486: 2484: 2482: 2480: 4595:ʻAbdu'l-Bahá: The Centre of the Covenant of Baháʼu'lláh 4570:

Tablets of Baháʼu'lláh Revealed After the Kitáb-i-Aqdas

4213: 4201: 3452: 2664: 2546: 2544: 2542: 2540: 2538: 2536: 2534: 2532: 2530: 2528: 1345:

Early Western Baháʼí pilgrims. Standing left to right:

4505:"Numbers and Classifications of Sacred Writings texts" 4486: 4484: 4482: 4444: 4055: 4017: 3987: 3960: 3929: 3873: 3554: 3539: 3515: 3128: 2964: 2736: 2707: 2649: 2286:

Treatise on Politics / Sermon on the Art of Governance

1630:(his only visit to Canada). He then travelled west to 1424:

From 1902 to 1904, in addition to the building of the

4464: 4145: 4103: 3857:

Late Ottoman Palestine: The Period of Young Turk Rule

3804:

Late Ottoman Palestine: The Period of Young Turk Rule

3682:

Late Ottoman Palestine: The Period of Young Turk Rule

3582:

Late Ottoman Palestine: The Period of Young Turk Rule

3476: 3440: 3428: 3321: 3285: 3078: 3054: 2949: 2885: 2824: 2719: 2477: 2467: 2465: 2463: 2461: 2459: 2457: 2455: 2453: 2451: 2410:

Baháʼu'lláh refers to his eldest son ʻAbdu'l-Bahá as

5605:

Knights Commander of the Order of the British Empire

4754:, Wilmette, Illinois, USA: Baháʼí Publishing Trust, 4730:. Wilmette, Illinois, USA: Baháʼí Publishing Trust. 4559: 4335: 4133: 3122:"A Traveller's Narrative, (Makála-i-Shakhsí Sayyáh)" 2755: 2753: 2751: 2525: 2211:

Light of the World: Selected Tablets of ‘Abdu’l-Bahá

1247: 846:

In 1892, ʻAbdu'l-Bahá was appointed in his father's

730: 725: 719: 713: 4814:Gallagher, Eugene V.; Ashcraft, W. Michael (2006), 4479: 4354: 4352: 4350: 4067: 3977: 3975: 1878:

Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire

1858:

Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire

1494:. The latter, who was involved in the overthrow of 843:for his help in averting famine following the war. 841:

Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire

811:before going into another period of confinement in 739: 736: 716: 5002: 4886:Gail, Marzieh; Khan, Ali-Kuli (31 December 1987). 4592: 3918:ʻAbdu'l-Bahá in New York- The City of the Covenant 2512:"ʻAbdu'l-Bahá Meeting with Two Prominent Iranians" 2448: 2388:could mean "Mightiest Branch" or "Mightier Branch" 1757:ʻAbdu'l-Bahá on Mount Carmel with pilgrims in 1919 1550:ʻAbdu'l-Bahá, during his trip to the United States 1135:for the family, and the family later moved to the 977:and secretly secluded himself in the mountains of 911:. He was born on the very same night on which the 4813: 4797:Religions of Iran: From Prehistory to the Present 4599:(Paperback ed.), Oxford, UK: George Ronald, 3954: 3160: 3158: 2777: 2748: 5571: 5067: 4347: 3981: 3972: 2604: 2509: 2422:(meaning "Greatest Branch" or "Greater Branch"). 4184:Religious Contentions in Modern Iran, 1881–1941 3950: 3948: 3946: 3944: 3030:. Baha'i Studies Bulletin 3:4 (Dec. 1985), 4–35 2908:. Baha'i Studies Bulletin 3:4 (Dec. 1985), 4–35 2760:Chronology of persecutions of Babis and Baha'is 2158:which has been translated and published as the 760:‎, 23 May 1844 – 28 November 1921), born 4526:Translations of Shaykhi, Babi and Baha'i Texts 4123:"Declares Zionists Must Work with Other Races" 4012:Yahi-Bahi Society of Mrs. Resselyer-Brown, The 3853:"The Young Turks and the Baháʼís in Palestine" 3800:"The Young Turks and the Baháʼís in Palestine" 3678:"The Young Turks and the Baháʼís in Palestine" 3578:"The Young Turks and the Baháʼís in Palestine" 3364: 3155: 2142:written around 1886, the Resāla-ye sīāsīya or 1856:ʻAbdu'l-Bahá at his investiture ceremony as a 1771:, a collection of 14 letters addressed to the 1519:and shared similar goals of religious reform. 1213: 5176: 4503:Universal House of Justice (September 2002). 3915:Lacroix-Hopson, Eliane; ʻAbdu'l-Bahá (1987). 2074: 1868:and by 1907 many Baháʼís from Iran had begun 677: 4713:Materials for the Study of the Bábí Religion 4173:. London: Macmillan and Company. p. 59. 3941: 3855:. In Ben-Bassat, Yuval; Ginio, Eyal (eds.). 3802:. In Ben-Bassat, Yuval; Ginio, Eyal (eds.). 3680:. In Ben-Bassat, Yuval; Ginio, Eyal (eds.). 3580:. In Ben-Bassat, Yuval; Ginio, Eyal (eds.). 2903: 2277:Selections from the Writings of ʻAbdu'l-Bahá 1689: 1681: 755: 4702:, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press 4258:"Riḍván 2019 – To the Bahá'ís of the World" 1705:to parody him in his bestselling 1914 book 1668:met with him and that newspaper along with 1218:After Baháʼu'lláh died on 29 May 1892, the 1158: 899:, Persia (now Iran) on 23 May 1844 (5th of 5183: 5169: 5045: 5005:A concise encyclopedia of the Baháʼí Faith 4867: 4851: 4541: 3910: 3908: 3704: 3533: 3246: 3234: 3222: 3149: 2970: 2863: 2861: 2859: 2634: 2587: 1957:Among the talks delivered at the funeral, 1748: 684: 670: 49: 27:Head of the Baháʼí Faith from 1892 to 1921 5032:, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 4767: 4672: 4643: 4231: 4097: 3206: 3204: 3202: 3200: 3198: 2857: 2855: 2853: 2851: 2849: 2847: 2845: 2843: 2841: 2839: 2796:The Revelation of Baháʼu'lláh, volume two 2783: 2771: 2622: 2610: 2598: 2562: 2505: 2503: 1785:ʻAbdu'l-Bahá was also under threats from 1336: 1310:, an early Baháʼí missionary to America. 1290:), but the Arabic language possesses the 1193:. Munírih is a title meaning "Luminous". 4960: 4885: 4833: 4817:New and Alternative Religions in America 4473: 4370: 4151: 3614:. Oxford University Press. p. 202. 3604: 3458: 3446: 3403: 3374:Baháʼí: Studies in Contemporary Religion 3185: 3183: 3181: 3179: 3177: 3175: 3173: 3137: 2742: 2713: 2658: 2078: 1907: 1851: 1804: 1752: 1545: 1340: 1088: 1033: 5630:Iranian emigrants to the Ottoman Empire 4906: 4744: 4720: 4716:, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 4682:, London, UK: Baháʼí Publishing Trust, 4612: 4587: 4341: 4243: 4219: 4207: 4195: 4139: 4085: 4061: 4023: 3998: 3966: 3935: 3905: 3899: 3882: 3826: 3781: 3563: 3548: 3521: 3509: 3494: 3482: 3470: 3434: 3370: 3327: 3291: 3258: 3084: 3072: 3060: 2958: 2891: 2873: 2830: 2730: 2682: 2471: 1974:He was buried in the front room of the 1896:(High Commissioner for Palestine), and 1541: 1349:, Sigurd Russell, Edward Getsinger and 14: 5572: 5155:The Extraordinary Life of 'Abdu'l-Bahá 4940: 4706: 4695: 4490: 4394: 4382: 4322: 3339: 3315: 3303: 3195: 3189: 3096: 2867: 2836: 2670: 2500: 1708:Arcadian Adventures with the Idle Rich 1399: 1038:ʻAbdu'l-Bahá (right) with his brother 1029: 1022:whose coming had been foretold by the 5164: 5068:Van den Hoonaard, Willy Carl (1996), 5022: 4997: 4919: 4790: 4660:from the original on 16 November 2012 4306: 4270: 4109: 4073: 3850: 3838: 3797: 3675: 3634: 3575: 3354: 3210: 3170: 3164: 3108: 3048: 2897: 2879: 2494: 2338: 1697:Distribution of Surplus Wealth." The 1210:polygamy as a righteous way of life. 1045:In 1863, Baháʼu'lláh was summoned to 5088: 4944:Life and Teachings of ʻAbbas Effendi 4163: 3755: 3729: 2998: 2976: 2689:The Dawn-Breakers: Nabíl's Narrative 2359: 2172:were widely circulated anonymously. 1903: 864:laid the foundation for the current 850:to be his successor and head of the 5029:An Introduction to the Baha'i Faith 4419: 4358: 3409: 3020: 2986:. Wilmette: Baha'i Publishing Trust 2344:"The Covenant and Covenant-Breaker" 1556:ʻAbdu'l-Bahá's journeys to the West 769: 756: 24: 5600:Burials at Monument Gardens, Haifa 5128:Writings and Talks of ‘Abdu’l‑Bahá 5101:Zarqáni, Mírzá Mahmúd-i- (1998) , 4909:"Abdu'l-Baha's British knighthood" 2332: 2266:Will and Testament of ʻAbdu'l-Bahá 1900:(Military Governor of Jerusalem). 1800: 1436:and the construction of the first 1381:, American Herbert Hopper, French 25: 5641: 5121: 5009:, Oxford: Oneworld Publications, 4868:Ma'ani, Baharieh Rouhani (2008), 4857:"ʻAbdu'l-Bahá ʻAbbás (1844–1921)" 4325:"Augur, George Jacob (1853–1927)" 4283:The Baháʼí World, vol. 3: 1928–30 2135:The Secret of Divine Civilization 1117: 5615:20th-century Iranian politicians 5224: 5190: 5141: 4518: 4496: 4438: 4413: 4388: 4364: 4316: 4288: 4276: 4256:The Universal House of Justice. 4249: 4225: 4177: 4157: 4115: 3921:. NewVistaDesign. Archived from 3028:"The World Order of Baháʼu'lláh" 1843:immigration of Jews to Palestine 706: 652: 280: 5074:, Wilfrid Laurier Univ. Press, 4961:Poostchi, Iraj (1 April 2010). 4870:Leaves of the Twin Divine Trees 4645:10.1163/2330-4804_EIRO_COM_4280 4544:Memories of Nine Years in 'Akká 4029: 4004: 3844: 3832: 3791: 3749: 3723: 3698: 3669: 3628: 3598: 3569: 3527: 3377:. Signature Books. p. 64. 3333: 3309: 3297: 3252: 3228: 3216: 3143: 3114: 3102: 3090: 3042: 2937: 2920: 2801: 2789: 2765: 2676: 2640: 2628: 2400: 2391: 2366: 2272:Promulgation of Universal Peace 2193:Promulgation of Universal Peace 2170:Sermon on the Art of Governance 2144:Sermon on the Art of Governance 1778:Haifa was under real threat of 1610:, Washington, D.C., Boston and 1481:Committee of Union and Progress 1020:He whom God shall make manifest 815:and finally the prison-city of 192: 4907:McGlinn, Sen (22 April 2011). 4820:, Greenwood Publishing Group, 4727:The World Order of Baháʼu'lláh 2616: 2592: 2435: 2127:The total estimated number of 1965:giving the following tribute: 903:, 1260 AH), the eldest son of 18:Disciples of `Abdu'l-Bahá 13: 1: 5107:, Oxford, UK: George Ronald, 5053:. Oxford, UK: George Ronald. 4927:, Oxford, UK: George Ronald, 4872:, Oxford, UK: George Ronald, 4834:Hogenson, Kathryn J. (2010), 4546:, Oxford, UK: George Ronald, 4542:Afroukhteh, Youness (2003) , 4535: 3955:Gallagher & Ashcraft 2006 3611:The Young Turks in Opposition 3342:"Tablets of Abdul-Baha Abbas" 3006:"The Covenant of Baháʼu'lláh" 2252:Tablet to Auguste-Henri Forel 2231:Secret of Divine Civilization 2166:Secret of Divine Civilization 2161:Tablet to Auguste-Henri Forel 1479:, one of the founders of the 1331:male relatives of Baháʼu'lláh 890: 831:left him largely confined to 55:Portrait taken in Paris, 1911 4941:Phelps, Myron Henry (1912), 4445:Universal House of Justice. 3008:. US Baháʼí Publishing Trust 2928:"Declaration of Baha'u'llah" 1505:, one of the key figures of 7: 5610:19th-century Iranian people 5140:(public domain audiobooks) 4861:Baháʼí Encyclopedia Project 4774:Baháʼu'lláh and the New Era 4329:Baháʼí Encyclopedia Project 3859:. I.B.Tauris. p. 264. 3806:. I.B.Tauris. p. 263. 3705:Scharbrodt, Oliver (2008). 3684:. I.B.Tauris. p. 266. 3584:. I.B.Tauris. p. 262. 3266:Making the Crooked Straight 2290: 1912:Funeral of ʻAbdu'l-Bahá in 1214:Early years of his ministry 879:ʻAbbás (Persian) or ʻAbbás 866:Baháʼí administrative order 10: 5646: 5350:Universal House of Justice 5157:, by the Utterance Project 4696:Browne, E.G., ed. (1891), 4529:Vol. 7, no. 1 (March 2003) 2245:Tablets of the Divine Plan 2204:Foundations of World Unity 2175:The second group includes 2075:Appearance and personality 2015:Universal House of Justice 2013:. Many obligations of the 2004:as the first in a line of 1768:Tablets of the Divine Plan 1739:Edmond James de Rothschild 1553: 1459:, opposed to the reign of 963: 857:Tablets of the Divine Plan 776:and served as head of the 439:Universal House of Justice 5620:Iranian religious leaders 5556: 5518:Socioeconomic development 5510: 5447: 5394: 5363: 5332: 5288: 5233: 5222: 5198: 5151:, documentary film (2021) 5134:Works by ʻAbdu'l-Bahá 5051:The Child of the Covenant 4800:, Oneworld Publications, 4323:Troxel, Duane K. (2009). 4311:Disciples of ʻAbdu'l-Bahá 4170:The Handbook of Palestine 2762:compiled by Jonah Winters 2510:Muhammad Qazvini (1949). 2218:Memorials of the Faithful 2148:Memorials of the Faithful 2101:walks in Haifa and Acre. 1989: 1918:British Mandate-Palestine 1743:Rothschild banking family 1656:equality of women and men 1325:, for which he appointed 895:ʻAbdu'l-Bahá was born in 772:), was the eldest son of 610:Socioeconomic development 248: 225: 202: 177: 167: 157: 142:32.8146083°N 34.9872694°E 116: 94: 65: 60: 48: 34: 5094:Lincoln, Joshua (2023). 4295:The Baháʼí World, vol. 4 3415:"Bahai and Babi Schisms" 3371:Warburg, Margit (2003). 2429: 2150:, and a large number of 2122: 2043:Hippolyte Dreyfus-Barney 1934:Then Colonial Secretary 1809:The elderly ʻAbdu'l-Bahá 1773:Baháʼís of North America 1488:Bursalı Mehmet Tahir Bey 1353:; Seated left to right: 1308:Ibrahim George Kheiralla 1262:, however, as the terms 1254:This translation of the 1166:Fátimih Nahrí of Isfahán 1159:Marriage and family life 1084: 5340:Covenant of Baháʼu'lláh 5318:Some Answered Questions 4014:. Retrieved 19 May 2008 2238:Some Answered Questions 2178:Some Answered Questions 2140:A Traveller's Narrative 2089:Edward Granville Browne 1749:Final years (1914–1921) 1438:Baháʼí House of Worship 1394:Some Answered Questions 1248:Baháʼu'lláh (1873–1892) 1153:Edward Granville Browne 1149:A Traveller's Narrative 1008:I was a Hidden Treasure 941:Edward Granville Browne 424:Covenant of Baháʼu'lláh 400:Some Answered Questions 88:Sublime State of Persia 5590:Bahá'í central figures 5523:Progressive revelation 3851:Alkan, Necati (2011). 3798:Alkan, Necati (2011). 3739:Arab Studies Quarterly 3676:Alkan, Necati (2011). 3576:Alkan, Necati (2011). 2984:"Tablet of the Branch" 2189:ʻAbdu'l-Baha in London 2098: 2084: 1984:Shrine of ʻAbdu'l-Bahá 1972: 1955: 1920: 1861: 1810: 1758: 1690: 1682: 1648:unity of the religions 1551: 1501:ʻAbdu'l-Bahá also met 1366: 1355:Ethel Jenner Rosenberg 1337:First Western pilgrims 1252: 1094: 1042: 839:, who appointed him a 615:Progressive revelation 147:32.8146083; 34.9872694 121:Shrine of ʻAbdu'l-Bahá 5625:People from Nur, Iran 5595:Family of Baháʼu'lláh 5465:Shrine of Baháʼu'lláh 5427:Letters of the Living 4967:Baháʼí Studies Review 4889:Summon up remembrance 4420:Day, Michael (2017). 4395:Redman, Earl (2019). 3982:Van den Hoonaard 1996 3272:Baháʼí Library Online 2327:House of ʻAbdu'l-Bahá 2146:written in 1893, the 2138:written before 1875, 2093: 2082: 1967: 1951: 1946:of Iraq, and others. 1911: 1855: 1808: 1756: 1566:Shrine of Baháʼu'lláh 1549: 1461:Sultan Abdul Hamid II 1377:in Paris, Englishman 1351:Laura Clifford Barney 1344: 1227: 1185:ʻAbdu'l-Bahá's uncle 1092: 1037: 821:Young Turk Revolution 555:Shrine of Baháʼu'lláh 520:Letters of the Living 5355:Spiritual Assemblies 5345:Administrative Order 4947:, New York: Putnam, 4638:. pp. 102–104. 4627:Encyclopædia Iranica 4371:Gail & Khan 1987 3925:on 16 December 2013. 3650:(10). Archived from 3635:Polat, Ayşe (2015). 2821:, Shadi Sadr, page 9 2813:1 April 2021 at the 2297:Baháʼu'lláh's family 2083:ʻAbdu'l-Bahá in 1868 1994:ʻAbdu'l-Bahá left a 1944:Council of Ministers 1671:The Montreal Gazette 1542:Journeys to the West 1361:, Helen Ellis Cole, 1315:Manifestation of God 1272:triconsonantal roots 1176:to ʻAkká after both 1070:manifestation of God 1055:tablet of the Branch 1016:manifestation of God 825:journeys to the West 444:Spiritual Assemblies 429:Administrative Order 5149:Bahai org: Exemplar 4979:10.1386/bsr.16.61/7 4636:Columbia University 4614:Bausani, Alessandro 4373:, pp. 225, 281 4246:, pp. 313–314. 4165:Luke, Harry Charles 4100:, pp. 166–168. 4088:, pp. 400–431. 4037:"February 23, 1914" 3902:, pp. 159–397. 3829:, pp. 111–113. 2416:Mírzá Muhammad ʻAlí 2346:. bahai-library.com 2259:Tablet to The Hague 2091:met him and wrote: 1838:collective security 1823:Baháʼí World Centre 1665:Montreal Daily Star 1652:oneness of humanity 1418:Ottoman authorities 1400:Ministry, 1901–1912 1347:Charles Mason Remey 1133:houses to be rented 1030:Istanbul/Adrianople 138: / 110:Mandatory Palestine 5407:Hands of the Cause 5280:Nineteen Day Feast 4985:on 22 January 2018 4913:Sen McGlinn's Blog 4679:The Chosen Highway 4273:, p. 356-357. 4198:, p. 306-307. 4167:(23 August 1922). 3841:, pp. 320–323 3644:Insan & Toplum 3606:Hanioğlu, M. Şükrü 3391:on 2 February 2013 2085: 2019:Hands of the Cause 1997:Will and Testament 1921: 1862: 1813:The conclusion of 1811: 1759: 1741:, a member of the 1552: 1367: 1319:Will and Testament 1220:Will and Testament 1144:Myron Henry Phelps 1095: 1043: 862:Will and Testament 500:Hands of the Cause 360:Nineteen Day Feast 209:Ḍíyáʼíyyih K͟hánum 5567: 5566: 5477:Shrine of the Báb 5260:Unity of religion 5255:Unity of humanity 5039:978-0-521-86251-6 4954:978-1-890688-15-8 4899:978-0-85398-259-3 4879:978-0-85398-533-4 4853:Kazemzadeh, Firuz 4845:978-0-85398-543-3 4838:, George Ronald, 4807:978-1-85168-336-9 4630:. Vol. I/1. 4620:(14 July 2011) . 4424:. George Ronald. 4406:978-0-85398-617-1 4399:. George Ronald. 4010:Wagner, Ralph D. 3657:on 1 October 2016 3512:, pp. 94–95. 3497:, pp. 90–93. 3473:, pp. 72–96. 3075:, pp. 33–43. 2497:, pp. 14–20. 2360:Explanatory notes 2282:Divine Philosophy 2011:Covenant-breakers 1976:Shrine of the Báb 1936:Winston Churchill 1904:Death and funeral 1834:League of Nations 1791:Megiddo offensive 1699:Montreal Standard 1677:Montreal Standard 1634:, San Francisco, 1507:Islamic Modernism 1426:Shrine of the Báb 1414:Shrine of the Báb 1383:Hippolyte Dreyfus 1357:, Madam Jackson, 927:, and a brother, 917:Mírzá ʻAbbás Núrí 694: 693: 567:Shrine of the Báb 340:Unity of religion 335:Unity of humanity 259: 258: 16:(Redirected from 5637: 5455:House of Worship 5311:The Hidden Words 5228: 5185: 5178: 5171: 5162: 5161: 5145: 5144: 5117: 5084: 5064: 5047:Taherzadeh, Adib 5042: 5019: 5008: 4994: 4992: 4990: 4981:. 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Allenby 1695: 1687: 1496:Sultan Abdülaziz 1450:Vakil-u'd-Dawlih 1430:House of the Báb 1391: 1379:Thomas Breakwell 1375:May Ellis Bolles 1250: 1137:Mansion of Bahjí 1012:Garden of Ridván 901:Jamadiyu'l-Avval 771: 759: 758: 749: 748: 745: 744: 741: 738: 735: 732: 728: 727: 724: 721: 718: 715: 712: 703: 686: 679: 672: 656: 550:House of Worship 434:The Guardianship 393:The Hidden Words 284: 261: 260: 218:Munavvar K͟hánum 196: 194: 153: 152: 150: 149: 148: 143: 139: 136: 135: 134: 131: 101: 98:28 November 1921 79: 77: 53: 43: 32: 31: 21: 5645: 5644: 5640: 5639: 5638: 5636: 5635: 5634: 5570: 5569: 5568: 5563: 5552: 5506: 5443: 5390: 5359: 5328: 5284: 5229: 5220: 5199:Central figures 5194: 5189: 5142: 5124: 5115: 5100: 5091: 5089:Further reading 5082: 5061: 5040: 5017: 4988: 4986: 4955: 4935: 4900: 4880: 4846: 4828: 4808: 4785: 4769:Esslemont, J.E. 4762: 4746:Effendi, Shoghi 4738: 4722:Effendi, Shoghi 4690: 4674:Blomfield, Lady 4663: 4661: 4622:"ʿAbd-al-Bahāʾ" 4607: 4581: 4554: 4538: 4533: 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2347: 2335: 2333:Further reading 2312:Bahíyyih Khánum 2293: 2125: 2077: 2045: 1992: 1906: 1882:General Allenby 1819:British Mandate 1803: 1801:Post-war period 1795:General Allenby 1793:of the British 1751: 1703:Stephen Leacock 1558: 1544: 1511:Salafi movement 1492:Hasan Bedreddin 1477:Abdullah Cevdet 1402: 1385: 1365:, Emogene Hoagg 1339: 1251: 1246: 1216: 1161: 1129:House of ʻAbbúd 1120: 1099:Acre, Palestine 1087: 1032: 992:age of maturity 966: 893: 871:ʻAbdu'l-Bahá's 837:British Mandate 787:He was born in 729: 709: 705: 699: 690: 645: 644: 605: 597: 596: 545: 537: 536: 490: 482: 481: 457: 449: 448: 419: 411: 410: 373: 365: 364: 320: 312: 311: 292: 291:Central figures 244: 221: 198: 195: 1873) 190: 186: 146: 144: 140: 137: 132: 129: 127: 125: 124: 123: 112: 103: 99: 90: 81: 75: 73: 72: 71: 56: 44: 39: 37: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 5643: 5633: 5632: 5627: 5622: 5617: 5612: 5607: 5602: 5597: 5592: 5587: 5582: 5565: 5564: 5557: 5554: 5553: 5551: 5550: 5545: 5540: 5535: 5530: 5525: 5520: 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(1981), 4917: 4904: 4898: 4883: 4878: 4865: 4849: 4844: 4831: 4826: 4811: 4806: 4792:Foltz, Richard 4788: 4783: 4765: 4760: 4742: 4736: 4718: 4704: 4693: 4688: 4670: 4618:MacEoin, Denis 4610: 4605: 4585: 4579: 4565:"Kitáb-i-ʻAhd" 4557: 4552: 4537: 4534: 4532: 4531: 4517: 4495: 4478: 4463: 4437: 4431:978-0853986034 4430: 4412: 4405: 4387: 4375: 4363: 4346: 4334: 4315: 4299: 4287: 4275: 4263: 4248: 4236: 4232:Esslemont 1980 4224: 4222:, p. 312. 4212: 4210:, p. 311. 4200: 4188: 4176: 4156: 4144: 4132: 4114: 4112:, p. 345. 4102: 4098:Esslemont 1980 4090: 4078: 4066: 4064:, p. 304. 4054: 4028: 4026:, p. 313. 4016: 4003: 4001:, p. 256. 3986: 3971: 3969:, p. 232. 3959: 3940: 3938:, p. 171. 3928: 3904: 3887: 3885:, p. 131. 3872: 3866:978-1848856318 3865: 3843: 3831: 3819: 3813:978-1848856318 3812: 3790: 3774: 3748: 3722: 3715: 3697: 3691:978-1848856318 3690: 3668: 3627: 3621:978-0195091151 3620: 3597: 3591:978-1848856318 3590: 3568: 3566:, p. 109. 3553: 3551:, p. 107. 3538: 3526: 3524:, p. 102. 3514: 3499: 3487: 3475: 3463: 3461:, p. 308. 3451: 3439: 3427: 3411:MacEoin, Denis 3402: 3383: 3363: 3347: 3332: 3320: 3308: 3296: 3284: 3260:MacEoin, Denis 3251: 3249:, p. 256. 3239: 3227: 3215: 3194: 3169: 3154: 3142: 3127: 3113: 3101: 3089: 3077: 3065: 3053: 3041: 3019: 2997: 2975: 2963: 2948: 2936: 2919: 2904:ʻAbdu'l-Bahá. 2896: 2884: 2872: 2835: 2823: 2800: 2788: 2784:Blomfield 1975 2776: 2772:Blomfield 1975 2764: 2747: 2735: 2718: 2706: 2698: 2684:Zarandi, Nabil 2675: 2663: 2648: 2639: 2627: 2623:Blomfield 1975 2615: 2611:Blomfield 1975 2603: 2599:Blomfield 1975 2591: 2567: 2563:Esslemont 1980 2524: 2499: 2476: 2447: 2433: 2431: 2428: 2425: 2424: 2420:G͟husn-i-Akbar 2412:G͟husn-i-Aʻzam 2399: 2390: 2386:G͟husn-i-Aʻzam 2364: 2363: 2361: 2358: 2357: 2356: 2334: 2331: 2330: 2329: 2324: 2322:Shoghi Effendi 2319: 2317:Munirih Khánum 2314: 2309: 2304: 2299: 2292: 2289: 2288: 2287: 2284: 2279: 2274: 2269: 2262: 2255: 2248: 2241: 2234: 2227: 2220: 2215: 2207: 2124: 2121: 2106:John Esslemont 2076: 2073: 2054:John Esslemont 2039:Thornton Chase 2031:In volumes of 2002:Shoghi Effendi 1991: 1988: 1959:Shoghi Effendi 1925:Rabi' al-awwal 1905: 1902: 1894:Herbert Samuel 1802: 1799: 1750: 1747: 1554:Main article: 1543: 1540: 1503:Muhammad Abduh 1401: 1398: 1359:Shoghi Effendi 1338: 1335: 1327:Shoghi Effendi 1258:is based on a 1244: 1215: 1212: 1203:Shoghi Effendi 1160: 1157: 1119: 1118:Later in ʻAkká 1116: 1086: 1083: 1075:G͟husn-i-Aʻzam 1031: 1028: 965: 962: 892: 889: 692: 691: 689: 688: 681: 674: 666: 663: 662: 661: 660: 647: 646: 643: 642: 637: 632: 627: 622: 617: 612: 606: 603: 602: 599: 598: 595: 594: 589: 584: 579: 574: 569: 564: 563: 562: 552: 546: 543: 542: 539: 538: 535: 534: 533: 532: 527: 522: 512: 507: 502: 497: 495:Shoghi Effendi 491: 488: 487: 484: 483: 480: 479: 474: 469: 464: 462:Baháʼí history 458: 455: 454: 451: 450: 447: 446: 441: 436: 431: 426: 420: 417: 416: 413: 412: 409: 408: 403: 396: 389: 382: 374: 371: 370: 367: 366: 363: 362: 357: 352: 347: 342: 337: 332: 327: 321: 318: 317: 314: 313: 310: 309: 304: 299: 293: 290: 289: 286: 285: 277: 276: 270: 269: 257: 256: 253:Shoghi Effendi 250: 246: 245: 243: 242: 236: 229: 227: 223: 222: 220: 219: 216: 213: 210: 206: 204: 200: 199: 188: 184:Munírih Khánum 182: 181: 179: 175: 174: 169: 165: 164: 159: 155: 154: 118: 114: 113: 104: 102:(aged 77) 96: 92: 91: 82: 69: 67: 63: 62: 58: 57: 54: 46: 45: 38: 35: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5642: 5631: 5628: 5626: 5623: 5621: 5618: 5616: 5613: 5611: 5608: 5606: 5603: 5601: 5598: 5596: 5593: 5591: 5588: 5586: 5583: 5581: 5578: 5577: 5575: 5562: 5561: 5555: 5549: 5546: 5544: 5541: 5539: 5536: 5534: 5531: 5529: 5526: 5524: 5521: 5519: 5516: 5515: 5513: 5509: 5503: 5500: 5498: 5495: 5493: 5490: 5488: 5485: 5483: 5480: 5478: 5475: 5471: 5468: 5467: 5466: 5463: 5460: 5456: 5453: 5452: 5450: 5446: 5438: 5435: 5433: 5430: 5428: 5425: 5424: 5423: 5420: 5418: 5417:Other Baháʼís 5415: 5413: 5410: 5408: 5405: 5403: 5400: 5399: 5397: 5393: 5387: 5384: 5382: 5379: 5377: 5374: 5372: 5369: 5368: 5366: 5362: 5356: 5353: 5351: 5348: 5346: 5343: 5341: 5338: 5337: 5335: 5331: 5325: 5322: 5320: 5319: 5315: 5313: 5312: 5308: 5306: 5305: 5301: 5299: 5298: 5297:Kitáb-i-Aqdas 5294: 5293: 5291: 5289:Key scripture 5287: 5281: 5278: 5276: 5273: 5271: 5268: 5266: 5263: 5261: 5258: 5256: 5253: 5251: 5248: 5246: 5243: 5242: 5240: 5237: 5232: 5227: 5217: 5214: 5212: 5209: 5207: 5204: 5203: 5201: 5197: 5193: 5186: 5181: 5179: 5174: 5172: 5167: 5166: 5163: 5156: 5153: 5150: 5147: 5139: 5135: 5132: 5129: 5126: 5125: 5116: 5114:0-85398-418-2 5110: 5106: 5105: 5099: 5097: 5093: 5092: 5083: 5081:0-88920-272-9 5077: 5073: 5072: 5066: 5062: 5060:0-85398-439-5 5056: 5052: 5048: 5044: 5041: 5035: 5031: 5030: 5025: 5021: 5018: 5016:1-85168-184-1 5012: 5007: 5006: 5000: 4996: 4984: 4980: 4976: 4973:(1): 61–105. 4972: 4968: 4964: 4959: 4956: 4950: 4946: 4945: 4939: 4936: 4934:0-85398-102-7 4930: 4926: 4922: 4921:Momen, Moojan 4918: 4914: 4910: 4905: 4901: 4895: 4892:. G. Ronald. 4891: 4890: 4884: 4881: 4875: 4871: 4866: 4862: 4858: 4854: 4850: 4847: 4841: 4837: 4832: 4829: 4827:0-275-98712-4 4823: 4819: 4818: 4812: 4809: 4803: 4799: 4798: 4793: 4789: 4786: 4784:0-87743-160-4 4780: 4776: 4775: 4770: 4766: 4763: 4761:0-87743-020-9 4757: 4753: 4752: 4751:God Passes By 4747: 4743: 4739: 4737:0-87743-231-7 4733: 4729: 4728: 4723: 4719: 4715: 4714: 4709: 4705: 4701: 4700: 4694: 4691: 4689:0-87743-015-2 4685: 4681: 4680: 4675: 4671: 4659: 4655: 4651: 4646: 4641: 4637: 4633: 4629: 4628: 4623: 4619: 4615: 4611: 4608: 4606:0-85398-043-8 4602: 4597: 4596: 4590: 4589:Balyuzi, H.M. 4586: 4582: 4580:0-87743-174-4 4576: 4572: 4571: 4566: 4563:(1873–1892). 4562: 4558: 4555: 4553:0-85398-477-8 4549: 4545: 4540: 4539: 4528: 4527: 4521: 4506: 4499: 4492: 4487: 4485: 4483: 4475: 4474:Hogenson 2010 4470: 4468: 4452: 4448: 4441: 4433: 4427: 4423: 4416: 4408: 4402: 4398: 4391: 4384: 4379: 4372: 4367: 4360: 4355: 4353: 4351: 4343: 4338: 4330: 4326: 4319: 4312: 4308: 4303: 4296: 4291: 4284: 4279: 4272: 4267: 4259: 4252: 4245: 4240: 4233: 4228: 4221: 4216: 4209: 4204: 4197: 4192: 4185: 4180: 4172: 4171: 4166: 4160: 4153: 4152:Poostchi 2010 4148: 4141: 4136: 4128: 4124: 4118: 4111: 4106: 4099: 4094: 4087: 4082: 4076:, p. 18. 4075: 4070: 4063: 4058: 4042: 4038: 4032: 4025: 4020: 4013: 4007: 4000: 3995: 3993: 3991: 3983: 3978: 3976: 3968: 3963: 3957:, p. 196 3956: 3951: 3949: 3947: 3945: 3937: 3932: 3924: 3920: 3919: 3911: 3909: 3901: 3896: 3894: 3892: 3884: 3879: 3877: 3868: 3862: 3858: 3854: 3847: 3840: 3835: 3828: 3823: 3815: 3809: 3805: 3801: 3794: 3787: 3783: 3778: 3770: 3766: 3762: 3758: 3752: 3744: 3740: 3736: 3732: 3726: 3718: 3716:9780203928578 3712: 3709:. Routledge. 3708: 3701: 3693: 3687: 3683: 3679: 3672: 3653: 3649: 3645: 3638: 3631: 3623: 3617: 3613: 3612: 3607: 3601: 3593: 3587: 3583: 3579: 3572: 3565: 3560: 3558: 3550: 3545: 3543: 3536:, p. 166 3535: 3530: 3523: 3518: 3511: 3506: 3504: 3496: 3491: 3485:, p. 82. 3484: 3479: 3472: 3467: 3460: 3459:Hogenson 2010 3455: 3448: 3447:Hogenson 2010 3443: 3437:, p. 69. 3436: 3431: 3424: 3420: 3416: 3412: 3406: 3390: 3386: 3384:1-56085-169-4 3380: 3376: 3375: 3367: 3360: 3356: 3351: 3343: 3336: 3330:, p. 60. 3329: 3324: 3317: 3312: 3306:, p. 145 3305: 3300: 3294:, p. 53. 3293: 3288: 3273: 3269: 3267: 3262:(June 2001). 3261: 3255: 3248: 3243: 3237:, p. 360 3236: 3231: 3225:, p. 323 3224: 3219: 3212: 3207: 3205: 3203: 3201: 3199: 3191: 3186: 3184: 3182: 3180: 3178: 3176: 3174: 3167:, p. 255 3166: 3161: 3159: 3152:, p. 112 3151: 3146: 3140:, p. 87. 3139: 3138:Hogenson 2010 3134: 3132: 3123: 3117: 3110: 3105: 3098: 3093: 3087:, p. 33. 3086: 3081: 3074: 3069: 3063:, p. 22. 3062: 3057: 3051:, p. 238 3050: 3045: 3029: 3023: 3007: 3001: 2985: 2979: 2972: 2967: 2961:, p. 17. 2960: 2955: 2953: 2945: 2940: 2929: 2923: 2907: 2900: 2894:, p. 15. 2893: 2888: 2881: 2876: 2869: 2864: 2862: 2860: 2858: 2856: 2854: 2852: 2850: 2848: 2846: 2844: 2842: 2840: 2833:, p. 14. 2832: 2827: 2820: 2816: 2812: 2809: 2804: 2797: 2792: 2785: 2780: 2773: 2768: 2761: 2756: 2754: 2752: 2745:, p. 82. 2744: 2743:Hogenson 2010 2739: 2733:, p. 12. 2732: 2727: 2725: 2723: 2716:, p. 81. 2715: 2714:Hogenson 2010 2710: 2701: 2699:0-900125-22-5 2695: 2691: 2690: 2685: 2679: 2672: 2667: 2661:, p. 40. 2660: 2659:Hogenson 2010 2655: 2653: 2643: 2637:, p. 105 2636: 2631: 2624: 2619: 2612: 2607: 2600: 2595: 2589: 2584: 2582: 2580: 2578: 2576: 2574: 2572: 2564: 2559: 2557: 2555: 2553: 2551: 2549: 2547: 2545: 2543: 2541: 2539: 2537: 2535: 2533: 2531: 2529: 2513: 2506: 2504: 2496: 2491: 2489: 2487: 2485: 2483: 2481: 2473: 2468: 2466: 2464: 2462: 2460: 2458: 2456: 2454: 2452: 2444: 2438: 2434: 2421: 2417: 2413: 2409: 2403: 2394: 2387: 2383: 2379: 2375: 2369: 2365: 2345: 2341: 2340:Momen, Moojan 2337: 2336: 2328: 2325: 2323: 2320: 2318: 2315: 2313: 2310: 2308: 2307:Ásíyih Khánum 2305: 2303: 2300: 2298: 2295: 2294: 2285: 2283: 2280: 2278: 2275: 2273: 2270: 2268: 2267: 2263: 2261: 2260: 2256: 2254: 2253: 2249: 2247: 2246: 2242: 2240: 2239: 2235: 2233: 2232: 2228: 2226: 2225: 2221: 2219: 2216: 2213: 2212: 2208: 2206: 2205: 2201: 2200: 2199: 2196: 2194: 2190: 2186: 2185: 2180: 2179: 2173: 2171: 2167: 2163: 2162: 2157: 2156:Auguste Forel 2153: 2149: 2145: 2141: 2137: 2136: 2130: 2120: 2117: 2114: 2110: 2107: 2102: 2097: 2092: 2090: 2081: 2072: 2070: 2065: 2063: 2062:Robert Turner 2059: 2058:Lua Getsinger 2055: 2049: 2044: 2040: 2036: 2035: 2029: 2027: 2022: 2020: 2016: 2012: 2007: 2003: 1999: 1998: 1987: 1985: 1981: 1977: 1971: 1966: 1964: 1963:Stewart Symes 1960: 1954: 1950: 1947: 1945: 1941: 1937: 1932: 1930: 1926: 1919: 1915: 1910: 1901: 1899: 1898:Ronald Storrs 1895: 1891: 1887: 1883: 1879: 1875: 1871: 1870:sharecropping 1867: 1859: 1854: 1850: 1848: 1844: 1839: 1835: 1830: 1828: 1824: 1820: 1816: 1807: 1798: 1796: 1792: 1788: 1783: 1781: 1776: 1774: 1770: 1769: 1764: 1755: 1746: 1744: 1740: 1735: 1733: 1729: 1725: 1721: 1716: 1714: 1710: 1709: 1704: 1700: 1694: 1693: 1686: 1685: 1679: 1678: 1673: 1672: 1667: 1666: 1659: 1657: 1653: 1649: 1645: 1639: 1637: 1633: 1629: 1625: 1621: 1617: 1616:New Hampshire 1613: 1609: 1605: 1601: 1600: 1594: 1593: 1585: 1581: 1579: 1575: 1571: 1567: 1563: 1557: 1548: 1539: 1536: 1535: 1530: 1525: 1522: 1518: 1517: 1512: 1508: 1504: 1499: 1497: 1493: 1489: 1484: 1482: 1478: 1474: 1470: 1466: 1462: 1458: 1453: 1451: 1447: 1443: 1439: 1435: 1431: 1427: 1422: 1419: 1415: 1411: 1407: 1397: 1395: 1389: 1384: 1380: 1376: 1372: 1371:Phoebe Hearst 1364: 1363:Lua Getsinger 1360: 1356: 1352: 1348: 1343: 1334: 1332: 1328: 1324: 1320: 1316: 1311: 1309: 1305: 1304:Muhammad ʻAlí 1301: 1297: 1293: 1289: 1285: 1281: 1277: 1273: 1269: 1265: 1261: 1257: 1249: 1243: 1240: 1236: 1232: 1226: 1223: 1221: 1211: 1208: 1204: 1200: 1194: 1192: 1188: 1183: 1180:and his wife 1179: 1175: 1171: 1167: 1156: 1154: 1150: 1145: 1140: 1138: 1134: 1130: 1125: 1115: 1113: 1109: 1105: 1100: 1091: 1082: 1080: 1076: 1071: 1067: 1062: 1060: 1056: 1052: 1048: 1041: 1036: 1027: 1025: 1021: 1017: 1013: 1009: 1005: 999: 997: 993: 988: 984: 980: 976: 971: 961: 959: 955: 949: 945: 942: 936: 932: 930: 926: 922: 918: 914: 910: 906: 902: 898: 888: 886: 882: 878: 874: 869: 867: 863: 859: 858: 853: 849: 844: 842: 838: 834: 830: 826: 822: 818: 814: 810: 806: 802: 798: 794: 790: 785: 783: 779: 775: 767: 763: 753: 747: 702: 698: 687: 682: 680: 675: 673: 668: 667: 665: 664: 659: 655: 651: 650: 649: 648: 641: 638: 636: 633: 631: 628: 626: 623: 621: 618: 616: 613: 611: 608: 607: 601: 600: 593: 590: 588: 585: 583: 580: 578: 575: 573: 570: 568: 565: 561: 558: 557: 556: 553: 551: 548: 547: 541: 540: 531: 528: 526: 523: 521: 518: 517: 516: 513: 511: 510:Other Baháʼís 508: 506: 503: 501: 498: 496: 493: 492: 486: 485: 478: 475: 473: 470: 468: 465: 463: 460: 459: 453: 452: 445: 442: 440: 437: 435: 432: 430: 427: 425: 422: 421: 415: 414: 407: 404: 402: 401: 397: 395: 394: 390: 388: 387: 383: 381: 380: 379:Kitáb-i-Aqdas 376: 375: 372:Key scripture 369: 368: 361: 358: 356: 353: 351: 348: 346: 343: 341: 338: 336: 333: 331: 328: 326: 323: 322: 316: 315: 308: 305: 303: 300: 298: 295: 294: 288: 287: 283: 279: 278: 275: 272: 271: 267: 263: 262: 254: 251: 247: 240: 239:Ásíyih Khánum 237: 234: 231: 230: 228: 224: 217: 214: 211: 208: 207: 205: 201: 185: 180: 176: 173: 170: 166: 163: 160: 156: 151: 133:34°59′14.17″E 130:32°48′52.59″N 122: 119: 117:Resting place 115: 111: 107: 97: 93: 89: 85: 68: 64: 59: 52: 47: 42: 33: 30: 19: 5558: 5511:Other topics 5487:World Centre 5432:Mullá Husayn 5333:Institutions 5316: 5309: 5304:Kitáb-i-Íqán 5302: 5295: 5250:Unity of God 5216:ʻAbdu'l-Bahá 5215: 5192:Baháʼí Faith 5130:at Bahai.org 5103: 5095: 5070: 5050: 5028: 5024:Smith, Peter 5004: 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