60:
998:
4456:
519:
262:
626:
4492:
4444:
4403:
3757:
3370:
3137:
401:
4480:
4413:
413:
4468:
657:. In 2016, Fan Yifei, a deputy governor of the PBOC, wrote that "the conditions are ripe for digital currencies, which can reduce operating costs, increase efficiency and enable a wide range of new applications". According to Fan, the best way to take advantage of the situation is for central banks to take the lead, both in supervising private digital currencies and in developing digital legal tender of their own.
1010:
financial transactions. The central bank also stated that it would limit how it tracks individuals, through the so-called "controllable anonymity." Critics say that the currency will give the
Chinese government a new tool to monitor its people and financial transactions. In 2020, non-cash transactions represented 4 out of 5 payment transactions totaling a sum of 320 trillion yuan.
145:
725:) to improve the currency's functionality. Areas of testing include the currency's reliability, stability, ease of use, and regulatory concerns such as the prevention of money laundering, tax evasion and terror financing. The currency could be transferred to bank accounts or used directly with certain merchants, and could be controlled via
1071:
Some commentators have said that the U.S., which has only started to consider to issue a government-backed digital currency, risks falling behind China and weakening its dominance in the global financial system. The digital renminbi has been described as a "national-security issue" threatening the US
1058:
The digital RMB could provide a cheaper and more practical alternative to international transactions that are outside the U.S.-led global financial system, especially for countries with strong ties to China. It is feared by U.S. commentators and officials that the digital RMB would weaken the ability
958:
Individuals and individual business owners can open personal wallets, with transaction and balance limits determined by the levels of their identity verification. Legal entities and non-legal entities can open corporate wallets, with transaction and balance limits contingent on whether the account is
1009:
The PBOC has stated that the goal of launching digital RMB is to partially replace cash, but not bank deposits or privately run payment platforms. The bank claimed that digital RMB could be used to reduce money laundering, gambling, corruption and terror financing, and may improve the efficiency of
1045:
Chinese fintech apps have largely leapfrogged traditional card-based payment networks in China, due to the fintech apps' ease of use and much cheaper fees for merchants. Transfers within Wechat Pay and Alipay are free within their respective ecosystems, and generally have a 0.1% fee for transfers
773:
In June 2021, some
Chinese cities expanded the use of e-CNY in public transportation. Chengdu was the first to fully integrate e-CNY payments across all buses and subway lines. This was part of a larger pilot to test the digital currency in daily transactions. Later, Beijing and Suzhou also
695:
would be released after years of preparation. The version of the currency, known as DCEP (Digital
Currency Electronic Payment), requires an account with a commercial bank, but may be "decoupled" from the banking system in the future, allowing tourists to gain access to the system.
1099:, said that the digital renminbi "will hardly put a dent in the dollar's status as the dominant global reserve currency" due to the United States' "economic dominance, deep and liquid capital markets, and still-robust institutional framework". The U.S. dollar's share as a
604:
The digital yuan is designed to move instantaneously in both domestic and international transactions. It aims to be cheaper and faster than existing financial transactions. The technology enables transactions to take place between two offline devices.
987:
Wallet holders have the option to designate an e-CNY wallet as the master wallet and create multiple sub-wallets within it. Master wallet holders are allowed to implement payment limits and conditions of the sub-wallets, and protect their personal
1050:. Wechat Pay and Alipay each have over a billion users in China, and are used by over 90% of the population in China's largest cities as their preferred payment method. The digital yuan might sideline these private digital payment platforms.
737:
in China, as well as online shopping platforms like JD.com. Local governments, partnering with private businesses, have distributed more than 150 million RMB as incentive to attract test users of digital RMB and to stimulate consumption.
1091:, said that merely introducing a digital currency "doesn't solve the problem that some people holding renminbi offshore will want to sell that renminbi and exchange it for the dollar", as the dollar is considered to be a safer asset.
1083:, said that a digital renminbi "would not banish many of the problems holding the renminbi back from more use globally". He went on to say, "Much of China's financial market is still not open to foreigners and
2908:
729:
on one's smartphone. As of April 2021, more than 100,000 have downloaded such apps, which were developed by banks, including six state-owned banks. The digital currency could be spent in stores like
597:. It is the first digital currency to be issued by a major economy, undergoing public testing as of April 2021. The digital RMB is legal tender and has equivalent value with other forms of
3042:
950:
A wallet verified with an ID card and linked to a bank account has a 50,000 yuan single payment limit, a daily cumulative limit of 100,000 yuan, and a balance cap of 500,000 yuan.
1808:
4220:
4170:
3148:
1079:
Some argue that the real barriers to internationalisation of the renminbi are China's capital controls, which it has no plans to remove. Maximilian Kärnfelt, an expert at the
777:
At the end of 2021, there were 261 million users in the extended trial who had made US$ 13.8 billion of transactions It has also been rolled out for foreign attendees at the
1598:
3998:
934:
An e-CNY wallet, which serves as a tool to store digital renminbi and make transactions, possesses four distinct specifications as revealed by the central bank of China.
3827:
1908:
4175:
3963:
3968:
3718:
1736:
4351:
2915:
3948:
3637:
2343:
3520:
1144:
1059:
of the U.S. to monitor and control the global financial system, through "dollar weaponization," such as sanctions and through its intelligence access to the
1030:
According to World Bank data, in 2017, almost 20% of
Chinese over 15 did not hold a bank account. As of February 2021, 87% of the population have access to
4277:
3978:
945:
needs only a mobile number for activation. It has a 2,000 yuan single payment limit, a daily cumulative limit of 5,000 yuan, and a 10,000 yuan balance cap.
2169:
1783:
1673:
1572:
4165:
3283:
2251:
661:
2117:
1486:
3812:
2979:
2096:
3973:
3797:
1981:
3323:
2973:
2800:
1623:
1339:
3938:
3697:
3251:
2155:
1362:
1247:
664:
approved the development of the digital RMB, in partnership with commercial banks and other organizations. Chinese technology firms such as
3156:
1076:
think tank. It is also seen by commentators as a tool to allow
Chinese authorities to keep domestic control and surveillance capabilities.
1551:
4262:
4190:
3207:
2073:
892:
started to rollout salary payments in e-CNY for government employees as well as staff at stated-owned companies and public institutions.
4003:
3988:
3657:
3117:
2336:
1388:
3872:
3048:
2369:
1513:
4517:
4320:
4008:
2302:
1932:
1869:
1119:
have said that they are studying the effects of digital currencies like the digital RMB and how they will affect the U.S. dollar.
4228:
3054:
2855:
1106:
4512:
4023:
3983:
3953:
3278:
3025:
2901:
3298:
2329:
4267:
4200:
4145:
3943:
3687:
3478:
3258:
2757:
2578:
1159:
1080:
923:
1757:
1453:
797:
On March 31, 2022, People's Bank of China announced that the testing has been further expanded to six additional regions:
3677:
3426:
3228:
2432:
1130:, digital currencies such as the digital yuan threaten the growing position of the euro as an alternative to the dollar.
634:
1728:
3854:
3181:
1784:"China's digital currency: e-CNY wallet nearly doubles user base in two months to 261 million ahead of Winter Olympics"
1088:
774:
implemented e-CNY for public transport, with
Beijing enabling it on all 24 subway lines and Suzhou on its new Line 5.
4310:
4272:
4252:
4205:
3958:
3822:
3213:
2225:
1280:
1183:
4344:
4013:
3901:
3629:
3400:
3201:
1840:
2194:
4383:
4185:
4031:
3538:
3395:
3293:
2459:
2030:
1649:
4180:
3817:
3802:
3733:
3385:
3110:
856:
On
December 16, 2022, the testing of Digital renminbi has been further expanded into five additional regions:
3807:
3333:
2924:
2835:
2825:
2422:
1139:
590:
4373:
4356:
4315:
4242:
3918:
3859:
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3760:
3642:
3448:
3433:
3413:
3409:
3353:
3268:
2840:
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2820:
2684:
2512:
2384:
1113:
4378:
4233:
4056:
3844:
3770:
3672:
3652:
3576:
3328:
3313:
3223:
3140:
2364:
2530:
4434:
4305:
4247:
4195:
4051:
3993:
3468:
3458:
3308:
3238:
3171:
609:
511:
4406:
4160:
3930:
3867:
3775:
3747:
3743:
3613:
3598:
3500:
3453:
3443:
3343:
3103:
2775:
2480:
650:
594:
472:
440:
2006:
997:
4137:
4102:
4081:
3792:
3787:
3723:
3692:
3558:
3373:
3318:
3303:
3196:
3166:
2732:
2635:
2630:
1154:
1002:
970:
912:
2565:
2145:
1826:
1416:
1354:
4210:
4150:
4036:
3906:
3896:
3884:
3625:
3586:
3548:
3473:
3273:
3218:
3161:
2522:
2374:
2276:
161:
4339:
3877:
3780:
3593:
3566:
3543:
3533:
3463:
3390:
1703:
1543:
2081:
1957:
4334:
4237:
4066:
3505:
2407:
1127:
4421:
4295:
4127:
4061:
3911:
3728:
3608:
3528:
3438:
3378:
3263:
2742:
2645:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2412:
2392:
2229:
1315:
1164:
1014:
778:
467:
8:
4300:
4046:
3889:
3603:
3488:
3483:
3363:
3191:
2573:
2464:
2427:
2402:
2397:
918:
In
October 2023, digital yuan was first used in the cross-border crude oil settlement by
1893:
653:(PBOC), began research on the digital currency in 2014 under the leadership of Governor
4496:
4155:
4122:
4076:
4071:
3647:
3581:
3186:
2893:
1491:
1096:
1042:, which together account for more than 90% of electronic payments in China as of 2021.
974:
786:
688:
were invited to cooperate with the central bank in developing and testing digital RMB.
498:
485:
89:
4522:
4107:
4097:
3713:
3404:
3358:
3348:
3246:
2796:
2788:
2783:
2767:
2615:
2610:
2255:
1461:
1288:
1255:
1191:
151:
1909:"Central bank digital currency evolution in 2023: From investigation to preparation"
132:
The language(s) of this currency do(es) not have a morphological plural distinction.
4416:
4112:
4041:
3765:
3667:
3662:
3495:
3126:
2882:
2863:
2620:
1100:
1073:
822:
556:
523:
1599:"Alibaba, Tencent, Five Others To Receive First Chinese Government Cryptocurrency"
4443:
3338:
2868:
2716:
2593:
2150:
2133:
Powell said in
February the Fed was looking "very carefully" at a digital dollar.
1421:
305:
137:
1013:
Li Bo, deputy governor of the PBOC, stated that the "goal is not to replace the
4472:
4287:
3682:
3418:
3176:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2417:
1084:
853:
are also being included on the list of testing after the 2022 Winter
Olympics.
654:
271:
1340:(26 Nov 2021) China Looks To Set Up Digital Asset Bourse in Virtual Yuan Push
4506:
4362:
4117:
3571:
3510:
3288:
3008:
3002:
2967:
2747:
2666:
2640:
2540:
2485:
2437:
1870:"China makes major push in its ambitious digital yuan project | CNN Business"
1854:
1573:"Ant Group shows off its work on China's digital currency for the first time"
1465:
1292:
1259:
1195:
1149:
1116:
900:
896:
873:
861:
734:
665:
625:
531:
385:
381:
4484:
4460:
2996:
2752:
1123:
1109:
1092:
904:
434:
2226:"The same problems plaguing the yuan will plague China's digital currency"
1674:"Digital yuan tsar gives green light for tourists to go cashless in China"
4448:
3839:
2700:
2661:
2605:
2555:
2545:
2146:"China launch of renminbi payments system reflects Swift spying concerns"
1047:
969:
Soft wallets encompass mobile payment apps and services provided through
850:
785:, where it has seen limited use due to entrenched digital currencies and
722:
297:
285:
2737:
1035:
919:
849:). Another news statement from PBOC shows that the city of Beijing and
746:
As of April 2021, testing has been expanded to six additional regions:
726:
2321:
4328:
4257:
2692:
2583:
2550:
2195:"China's proposed digital currency more about policing than progress"
942:
806:
802:
730:
669:
642:
406:
341:
333:
3849:
3095:
2811:
2625:
2535:
2505:
1758:"Chinese cities roll out digital yuan to public transport networks"
1248:"China Creates its Own Digital Currency, a First for Major Economy"
911:-based e-CNY wallets, which allow offline payments using the SIM's
908:
885:
842:
826:
818:
759:
755:
747:
710:
692:
685:
638:
598:
361:
345:
313:
309:
301:
277:
70:
2170:"Is the US worried it is falling behind China's digital currency?"
1087:
remain fragile." Victor Shih, a China expert and professor at the
4368:
3071:
1417:"Virtual control: the agenda behind China's new digital currency"
1355:"Virtual control: the agenda behind China's new digital currency"
1046:
outside their ecosystem, much lower than the 2–4% fee imposed by
1031:
889:
869:
865:
834:
798:
782:
763:
718:
673:
601:, also known as the Chinese yuan (CNY), such as bills and coins.
377:
373:
353:
337:
317:
293:
289:
1982:"China says it has no plans to replace dollar with digital yuan"
4467:
2944:
2938:
2588:
1933:"Digital yuan used to settle crude oil trade - Central Banking"
1039:
846:
838:
830:
814:
810:
767:
751:
714:
681:
677:
608:
The digital renminbi is seen by some commentators as a form of
365:
357:
349:
329:
325:
321:
281:
4171:
Mainland and Hong Kong Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement
2074:"Alipay reports 1.2 bln users - Xinhua | English.news.cn"
59:
2600:
1809:"China Rolls Out Digital Yuan for Foreigners at the Olympics"
1487:"Central Banks Consider Bitcoin's Technology, if Not Bitcoin"
1060:
973:(SDKs). Hard wallets include IC cards, wearable devices, and
857:
418:
369:
267:
3999:
State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission
2118:"Biden Team Eyes Potential Threat From China's Digital Yuan"
1650:"Hong Kong Monetary Authority - Hong Kong FinTech Week 2019"
3828:
National Fund for Technology Transfer and Commercialisation
2708:
1389:"Beijing's digital yuan policy will have its Huawei moment"
4176:
Mainland and Macau Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement
1624:"China's digital yuan takes shape with new encryption law"
709:
In April 2020, testing began in four cities around China (
473:
People's Bank of China Digital Currency Research Institute
612:
and control over users and their financial transactions.
453:
3085:
Spans the conventional boundary between Asia and Europe.
2923:
2243:
2303:"Monetary sovereignty: why the EU needs a digital euro"
2219:
2217:
2215:
2097:"The Cashless Society Has Arrived – Only It's in China"
144:
3949:
China Council for the Promotion of International Trade
1410:
1408:
1281:"China Charges Ahead With a National Digital Currency"
1184:"China Charges Ahead With a National Digital Currency"
1103:
is above 60%, while that of the renminbi is about 2%.
4432:
2059:
Klein, Aaron. "China's digital payments revolution."
1145:
History of central bank digital currencies by country
2212:
1615:
1405:
691:In October 2019, the PBOC announced that a digital
637:A sign showing that a store accepts digital RMB in
1514:"On Digital Currencies, Central Banks Should Lead"
3813:China Integrated Circuit Industry Investment Fund
2301:van der Lugt, Sanne; Hough, Gys (17 March 2021).
2300:
2252:"China's Digital Currency Will Rise but Not Rule"
1332:
4504:
2061:Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution, April
1454:"China Rolls Out Pilot Test of Digital Currency"
3974:Ministry of Industry and Information Technology
3798:China Banknote Printing and Minting Corporation
1025:
16:Digital currency issued by China's central bank
2031:"China's Digital Currency: Mao Would be Proud"
929:
3939:All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce
3111:
2909:
2337:
1775:
221:
193:
119:
113:
39:
23:
3979:National Financial Regulatory Administration
4191:Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership
3208:Grasping the large, letting go of the small
1478:
1415:Kynge, James; Yu, Sun (February 16, 2021).
4412:
4166:Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macau Greater Bay Area
4004:State Administration for Market Regulation
3989:National Development and Reform Commission
3118:
3104:
2916:
2902:
2344:
2330:
3873:National Equities Exchange and Quotations
2370:List of Chinese cash coins by inscription
1906:
1597:Castillo, Michael del (August 27, 2019).
1279:Popper, Nathaniel; Li, Cao (2021-03-01).
4009:State Administration of Foreign Exchange
2094:
1596:
1278:
996:
2351:
1414:
4505:
3984:National Bureau of Statistics of China
3954:China Securities Regulatory Commission
2249:
1621:
1485:Popper, Nathaniel (October 11, 2016).
1484:
1245:
1122:The EU is also considering to issue a
3099:
2897:
2325:
2112:
2110:
2055:
2053:
2051:
1698:
1696:
1694:
1647:
1622:Tabeta, Shunsuke (31 December 2019).
1537:
1535:
1533:
1511:
1451:
1241:
1239:
1237:
1235:
1233:
1231:
941:The wallet with the highest level of
35:(Digital Currency Electronic Payment)
4201:Western Taiwan Straits Economic Zone
4146:Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank
3944:All-China Federation of Trade Unions
3125:
2925:Central bank digital currency (CBDC)
2095:Abkowitz, Alyssa (January 4, 2018).
1781:
1447:
1445:
1443:
1441:
1439:
1383:
1381:
1379:
1349:
1347:
1310:
1308:
1229:
1227:
1225:
1223:
1221:
1219:
1217:
1215:
1213:
1211:
1160:Internationalization of the renminbi
1081:Mercator Institute for China Studies
1017:or other international currencies".
924:China National Petroleum Corporation
817:, and six cities in the province of
593:issued by China's central bank, the
3678:Hong Kong Trade Development Council
2223:
1958:"央行穆长春：数字人民币钱包按照客户身份识别强度分为不同等级_中证网"
1726:
573:Digital Currency Electronic Payment
13:
3182:Three-anti and Five-anti Campaigns
2107:
2048:
1867:
1691:
1541:
1530:
1089:University of California San Diego
1053:
14:
4534:
4206:Yangtze River Delta Economic Zone
3959:General Administration of Customs
3823:China Reform Holdings Corporation
3214:Scientific Outlook on Development
2655:Manufacturing and casting process
2250:Prasad, Eswar (August 25, 2020).
1436:
1376:
1344:
1305:
1208:
40:
24:
4490:
4478:
4466:
4454:
4442:
4411:
4402:
4401:
4253:2008–2009 economic stimulus plan
4014:State Administration of Taxation
3902:Stock Exchange Executive Council
3756:
3755:
3369:
3368:
3136:
3135:
2224:Hui, Mary (September 10, 2020).
2158:from the original on 2017-03-25.
1907:Chhangani, Alisha (2023-11-06).
1512:Yifei, Fan (September 1, 2016).
789:, as well as lack of publicity.
624:
517:
411:
399:
260:
143:
58:
4518:Central bank digital currencies
4263:2015–16 stock market turbulence
4186:Pearl River Delta Economic Zone
2460:Paper money of the Qing dynasty
2433:Jin dynasty coinage (1115–1234)
2294:
2269:
2187:
2162:
2138:
2088:
2066:
2023:
1999:
1974:
1950:
1925:
1900:
1886:
1861:
1847:
1833:
1819:
1801:
1750:
1739:from the original on 2021-05-02
1720:
1666:
1648:Authority, Hong Kong Monetary.
1641:
1590:
1565:
1554:from the original on 2021-01-26
1505:
1365:from the original on 2021-02-17
1246:Areddy, James T. (2021-04-05).
610:Chinese government surveillance
4181:Northeast China Revitalization
3818:China Internet Investment Fund
3803:China Government Guidance Fund
2856:Special administrative regions
1841:"中国央行：新增天津、重庆、广州等地作为数字人民币试点地区"
1782:Feng, Coco (19 January 2022).
1452:Cheng, Jonathan (2020-04-20).
1272:
1176:
955:Personal and corporate wallets
907:announced the joint launch of
585:
64:Digital Renminbi / e Yuan Sign
1:
4513:Currencies with ISO 4217 code
4273:China–United States trade war
4138:Regional economic initiatives
4091:National economic initiatives
3808:China-Africa Development Fund
3202:Deng Xiaoping's southern tour
2733:Charms and amulets (Yansheng)
2423:Southern Song dynasty coinage
1170:
1140:Central bank digital currency
1072:dollar by Josh Lipsky at the
959:opened in person or remotely.
591:central bank digital currency
4374:List of Chinese by net worth
4357:China Compulsory Certificate
4268:Protein export contamination
3919:Zhengzhou Commodity Exchange
3835:China Investment Corporation
3299:Business process outsourcing
2513:Yuan of the Red Army Command
2080:. 2019-10-01. Archived from
1855:"数字人民币试点范围再度扩容 济南、南宁等5城新晋入选"
1827:"数字人民币试点迎来第三次扩围，催生哪些新的投资机会?"
1729:"央行数研所牵手蚂蚁集团 将推动建设数字人民币技术平台"
1654:Hong Kong Monetary Authority
1095:, an economics professor at
1066:
1026:On digital payment platforms
7:
3688:Water supply and sanitation
2365:History of Chinese currency
1704:"四城七轮数字人民币红包 累计已发1.5亿元-新华网"
1544:"别误读了！目前数字人民币试点仍是"4+1"-新华网"
1133:
930:e-CNY wallet specifications
10:
4539:
4196:Rise of Central China Plan
3994:National Energy Commission
2007:"Financial Inclusion Data"
1316:"解码数字人民币："新"在何处 用在哪里？-新华网"
1020:
699:
649:China's central bank, the
615:
268:People's Republic of China
4392:
4286:
4229:2005–2011 property bubble
4219:
4161:China Western Development
4136:
4090:
4022:
3929:
3868:Dalian Commodity Exchange
3742:
3706:
3624:
3557:
3519:
3237:
3147:
3133:
3080:
3064:
3035:
3018:
2989:
2954:
2931:
2877:
2854:
2810:
2766:
2725:
2677:
2654:
2564:
2521:
2481:Historical money of Tibet
2473:
2383:
2357:
971:software development kits
580:
560:
530:
510:
497:
492:
478:
466:
446:
432:
427:
392:
253:
235:
230:
222:
202:
194:
174:
167:
160:
136:
128:
120:
114:
105:
100:
88:
76:
69:
57:
48:
4103:Belt and Road Initiative
4082:Rural credit cooperative
3855:Foreign exchange reserve
3788:Beijing Financial Street
3197:Socialist market economy
2636:Great Qing Treasure Note
2631:Great Ming Treasure Note
2174:South China Morning Post
2011:datatopics.worldbank.org
1894:"数字人民币SIM卡硬钱包上线，还支持无电支付"
1868:He, Laura (2023-04-24).
1788:South China Morning Post
1678:South China Morning Post
1577:South China Morning Post
1155:Belt and Road Initiative
1114:Federal Reserve Chairman
992:
586:Shùzì huòbì diànzǐ zhīfù
4345:Globalization and women
4211:Zhongyuan Economic Zone
4151:Beibu Gulf Economic Rim
3931:Government institutions
3907:Shenzhen Stock Exchange
3897:Shanghai Metal Exchange
3885:Shanghai Stock Exchange
3549:Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park
3534:Megalopolises in China
2385:By period (before 1912)
2375:Ancient Chinese coinage
2101:The Wall Street Journal
1107:U.S. Treasury Secretary
879:
792:
741:
704:
668:(through its affiliate
4384:Science and technology
4278:2020–2021 reform spree
4032:International rankings
3878:Beijing Stock Exchange
3544:Suzhou Industrial Park
3539:Special Economic Zones
1937:www.centralbanking.com
1727:Tao, Li (2021-04-25).
1006:
1005:supporting digital RMB
982:Master and sub-wallets
651:People's Bank of China
595:People's Bank of China
563:; also abbreviated as
441:People's Bank of China
3734:Intellectual property
3229:1949–1976 wage reform
3172:Industrial Revolution
2408:Southern Tang coinage
2307:Clingendael Spectator
2281:European Central Bank
1542:Wu, Yu (2020-08-15).
1128:Clingendael Institute
1000:
964:Soft and hard wallets
821:that are hosting the
676:(which owns WeChat),
241:; 4 years ago
4422:Economy of East Asia
4128:Youth Business China
3964:Ministry of Commerce
3912:SZSE Component Index
3529:Dalian Software Park
2743:Vault protector coin
2455:Qing dynasty coinage
2450:Ming dynasty coinage
2445:Yuan dynasty coinage
2413:Liao dynasty coinage
2393:Zhou dynasty coinage
1165:Social Credit System
922:, the listed arm of
779:2022 Winter Olympics
236:Date of introduction
3969:Ministry of Finance
3890:SSE Composite Index
3860:Hedge fund industry
3707:Law and regulations
3414:academic publishing
3192:Four Modernizations
3057:(Eastern Caribbean)
2726:Historical exonumia
2428:Western Xia coinage
2403:Xin dynasty coinage
2398:Han dynasty coinage
2352:Currencies of China
2084:on October 3, 2019.
1733:finance.sina.com.cn
1458:Wall Street Journal
1252:Wall Street Journal
888:in the province of
542:1 GBP = 7.946 eCNY
80:CNY (numeric:
45:
4379:Chinese economists
4352:National Standards
4248:2007 slave scandal
4156:Bohai Economic Rim
4123:Made in China 2025
4072:Internal migration
4057:Standard of living
3845:Financial services
3719:Labor contract law
3673:Illegal drug trade
3643:World Trade Center
3479:Telecommunications
3427:equipment industry
3259:Advanced materials
3224:Population history
3187:Great Leap Forward
3141:Companies of China
1492:The New York Times
1285:The New York Times
1188:The New York Times
1097:Cornell University
1007:
975:Internet of Things
895:On July 11, 2023,
540:1 CNY = 1.000 eCNY
538:1 EUR = 6.960 eCNY
536:1 USD = 7.171 eCNY
486:www.ecny.pbcdci.cn
394:Unofficial user(s)
19:
4430:
4429:
4243:2007 stock bubble
4108:Common prosperity
4098:Beijing Consensus
4052:Income inequality
3521:Development Zones
3093:
3092:
2891:
2890:
2797:New Taiwan dollar
2789:Chinese gold yuan
2784:Old Taiwan dollar
2776:Customs gold unit
2768:Republic of China
2474:Other territories
2256:Project Syndicate
2078:www.xinhuanet.com
2037:. 14 January 2021
1708:www.xinhuanet.com
1320:www.xinhuanet.com
550:
549:
545:(12 October 2022)
44:
36:
28:
20:Digital Renminbi
4530:
4495:
4494:
4493:
4483:
4482:
4481:
4471:
4470:
4459:
4458:
4457:
4447:
4446:
4438:
4417:Outline of China
4415:
4414:
4405:
4404:
4238:pet food recalls
4113:Dual circulation
3864:Stock Exchanges
3793:Financial system
3759:
3758:
3698:Trading partners
3444:Renewable energy
3372:
3371:
3139:
3138:
3127:Economy of China
3120:
3113:
3106:
3097:
3096:
3005:(United Kingdom)
2962:Digital renminbi
2918:
2911:
2904:
2895:
2894:
2883:Economy of China
2864:Hong Kong dollar
2346:
2339:
2332:
2323:
2322:
2317:
2316:
2314:
2313:
2298:
2292:
2291:
2289:
2288:
2273:
2267:
2266:
2264:
2262:
2247:
2241:
2240:
2238:
2236:
2221:
2210:
2209:
2207:
2206:
2191:
2185:
2184:
2182:
2181:
2166:
2160:
2159:
2142:
2136:
2135:
2130:
2129:
2114:
2105:
2104:
2092:
2086:
2085:
2070:
2064:
2057:
2046:
2045:
2043:
2042:
2027:
2021:
2020:
2018:
2017:
2003:
1997:
1996:
1994:
1993:
1978:
1972:
1971:
1969:
1968:
1954:
1948:
1947:
1945:
1944:
1929:
1923:
1922:
1920:
1919:
1913:Atlantic Council
1904:
1898:
1897:
1890:
1884:
1883:
1881:
1880:
1865:
1859:
1858:
1851:
1845:
1844:
1837:
1831:
1830:
1823:
1817:
1816:
1805:
1799:
1798:
1796:
1794:
1779:
1773:
1772:
1770:
1769:
1754:
1748:
1747:
1745:
1744:
1724:
1718:
1717:
1715:
1714:
1700:
1689:
1688:
1686:
1685:
1670:
1664:
1663:
1661:
1660:
1645:
1639:
1638:
1636:
1634:
1619:
1613:
1612:
1610:
1609:
1594:
1588:
1587:
1585:
1584:
1569:
1563:
1562:
1560:
1559:
1539:
1528:
1527:
1525:
1524:
1509:
1503:
1502:
1500:
1499:
1482:
1476:
1475:
1473:
1472:
1449:
1434:
1433:
1431:
1429:
1412:
1403:
1402:
1400:
1399:
1385:
1374:
1373:
1371:
1370:
1351:
1342:
1336:
1330:
1329:
1327:
1326:
1312:
1303:
1302:
1300:
1299:
1276:
1270:
1269:
1267:
1266:
1243:
1206:
1205:
1203:
1202:
1180:
1101:reserve currency
1074:Atlantic Council
1063:payment system.
823:2022 Asian Games
628:
587:
582:
562:
553:Digital renminbi
546:
524:Chinese renminbi
522:
521:
520:
506:
488:
481:
462:
459:
457:
455:
449:
437:
423:
417:
415:
414:
405:
403:
402:
395:
388:
266:
264:
263:
256:
255:Official user(s)
249:
247:
242:
225:
224:
214:
213:
212:
208:
197:
196:
186:
185:
184:
180:
155:
154:
147:
123:
122:
117:
116:
96:
83:
62:
52:
46:
43:
42:
38:
30:
27:
26:
22:
18:
4538:
4537:
4533:
4532:
4531:
4529:
4528:
4527:
4503:
4502:
4501:
4491:
4489:
4479:
4477:
4465:
4455:
4453:
4441:
4433:
4431:
4426:
4388:
4282:
4215:
4132:
4086:
4018:
3925:
3738:
3724:Labor relations
3702:
3620:
3553:
3515:
3401:Pharmaceuticals
3233:
3167:Five-year plans
3143:
3129:
3124:
3094:
3089:
3088:
3076:
3060:
3031:
3014:
2985:
2950:
2927:
2922:
2892:
2887:
2873:
2869:Macanese pataca
2850:
2806:
2762:
2721:
2673:
2650:
2594:Kaiyuan Tongbao
2560:
2517:
2469:
2379:
2353:
2350:
2320:
2311:
2309:
2299:
2295:
2286:
2284:
2275:
2274:
2270:
2260:
2258:
2248:
2244:
2234:
2232:
2222:
2213:
2204:
2202:
2193:
2192:
2188:
2179:
2177:
2168:
2167:
2163:
2151:Financial Times
2144:
2143:
2139:
2127:
2125:
2116:
2115:
2108:
2093:
2089:
2072:
2071:
2067:
2058:
2049:
2040:
2038:
2029:
2028:
2024:
2015:
2013:
2005:
2004:
2000:
1991:
1989:
1988:. 19 April 2021
1980:
1979:
1975:
1966:
1964:
1956:
1955:
1951:
1942:
1940:
1931:
1930:
1926:
1917:
1915:
1905:
1901:
1892:
1891:
1887:
1878:
1876:
1866:
1862:
1853:
1852:
1848:
1839:
1838:
1834:
1829:. 3 April 2022.
1825:
1824:
1820:
1807:
1806:
1802:
1792:
1790:
1780:
1776:
1767:
1765:
1756:
1755:
1751:
1742:
1740:
1725:
1721:
1712:
1710:
1702:
1701:
1692:
1683:
1681:
1672:
1671:
1667:
1658:
1656:
1646:
1642:
1632:
1630:
1620:
1616:
1607:
1605:
1595:
1591:
1582:
1580:
1571:
1570:
1566:
1557:
1555:
1540:
1531:
1522:
1520:
1510:
1506:
1497:
1495:
1483:
1479:
1470:
1468:
1450:
1437:
1427:
1425:
1422:Financial Times
1413:
1406:
1397:
1395:
1387:
1386:
1377:
1368:
1366:
1353:
1352:
1345:
1337:
1333:
1324:
1322:
1314:
1313:
1306:
1297:
1295:
1277:
1273:
1264:
1262:
1244:
1209:
1200:
1198:
1182:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1136:
1126:. According to
1085:property rights
1069:
1056:
1054:Internationally
1028:
1023:
995:
932:
884:From May 2023,
882:
795:
744:
707:
702:
647:
646:
645:
636:
631:
630:
629:
618:
579:, Chinese:
544:
543:
541:
539:
537:
518:
516:
504:
484:
479:
452:
447:
433:
421:
412:
410:
409:
400:
398:
393:
276:
275:
261:
259:
254:
245:
243:
240:
210:
206:
205:
203:
182:
178:
177:
175:
149:
142:
94:
81:
65:
53:
50:
37:
34:
29:
21:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4536:
4526:
4525:
4520:
4515:
4500:
4499:
4487:
4475:
4463:
4451:
4428:
4427:
4425:
4424:
4419:
4409:
4393:
4390:
4389:
4387:
4386:
4381:
4376:
4371:
4366:
4359:
4354:
4349:
4348:
4347:
4337:
4332:
4325:
4324:
4323:
4318:
4313:
4303:
4298:
4292:
4290:
4288:Related topics
4284:
4283:
4281:
4280:
4275:
4270:
4265:
4260:
4255:
4250:
4245:
4240:
4231:
4225:
4223:
4217:
4216:
4214:
4213:
4208:
4203:
4198:
4193:
4188:
4183:
4178:
4173:
4168:
4163:
4158:
4153:
4148:
4142:
4140:
4134:
4133:
4131:
4130:
4125:
4120:
4115:
4110:
4105:
4100:
4094:
4092:
4088:
4087:
4085:
4084:
4079:
4074:
4069:
4064:
4059:
4054:
4049:
4044:
4039:
4037:Social welfare
4034:
4028:
4026:
4020:
4019:
4017:
4016:
4011:
4006:
4001:
3996:
3991:
3986:
3981:
3976:
3971:
3966:
3961:
3956:
3951:
3946:
3941:
3935:
3933:
3927:
3926:
3924:
3923:
3922:
3921:
3916:
3915:
3914:
3904:
3899:
3894:
3893:
3892:
3882:
3881:
3880:
3870:
3862:
3857:
3852:
3847:
3842:
3837:
3832:
3831:
3830:
3825:
3820:
3815:
3810:
3800:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3784:
3783:
3778:
3773:
3763:
3752:
3750:
3740:
3739:
3737:
3736:
3731:
3726:
3721:
3716:
3710:
3708:
3704:
3703:
3701:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3658:Postal history
3655:
3653:Communications
3650:
3645:
3640:
3634:
3632:
3630:infrastructure
3622:
3621:
3619:
3618:
3617:
3616:
3611:
3606:
3596:
3591:
3590:
3589:
3587:Oil refineries
3584:
3574:
3569:
3563:
3561:
3555:
3554:
3552:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3525:
3523:
3517:
3516:
3514:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3492:
3491:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3430:
3429:
3421:
3416:
3407:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3382:
3381:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3329:Electric power
3326:
3324:Electric motor
3321:
3316:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3255:
3254:
3243:
3241:
3235:
3234:
3232:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3219:Historical GDP
3216:
3211:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3177:Iron rice bowl
3174:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3153:
3151:
3145:
3144:
3134:
3131:
3130:
3123:
3122:
3115:
3108:
3100:
3091:
3090:
3087:
3086:
3082:
3081:
3078:
3077:
3075:
3074:
3068:
3066:
3062:
3061:
3059:
3058:
3052:
3046:
3039:
3037:
3036:Atlantic Ocean
3033:
3032:
3030:
3029:
3022:
3020:
3016:
3015:
3013:
3012:
3006:
3000:
2993:
2991:
2987:
2986:
2984:
2983:
2980:Digital dirham
2977:
2971:
2965:
2958:
2956:
2952:
2951:
2949:
2948:
2942:
2935:
2933:
2929:
2928:
2921:
2920:
2913:
2906:
2898:
2889:
2888:
2886:
2885:
2878:
2875:
2874:
2872:
2871:
2866:
2860:
2858:
2852:
2851:
2849:
2848:
2843:
2838:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2817:
2815:
2808:
2807:
2805:
2804:
2794:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2778:
2772:
2770:
2764:
2763:
2761:
2760:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2735:
2729:
2727:
2723:
2722:
2720:
2719:
2714:
2706:
2698:
2690:
2681:
2679:
2675:
2674:
2672:
2671:
2670:
2669:
2658:
2656:
2652:
2651:
2649:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2597:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2570:
2568:
2562:
2561:
2559:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2527:
2525:
2519:
2518:
2516:
2515:
2510:
2509:
2508:
2501:Xinjiang coins
2498:
2496:Mengjiang yuan
2493:
2491:Manchukuo yuan
2488:
2483:
2477:
2475:
2471:
2470:
2468:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2441:
2440:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2418:Da Shu coinage
2415:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2389:
2387:
2381:
2380:
2378:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2361:
2359:
2355:
2354:
2349:
2348:
2341:
2334:
2326:
2319:
2318:
2293:
2277:"Digital euro"
2268:
2242:
2211:
2186:
2161:
2154:. 2015-10-08.
2137:
2106:
2087:
2065:
2047:
2035:Martens Centre
2022:
1998:
1973:
1949:
1924:
1899:
1885:
1860:
1846:
1832:
1818:
1800:
1774:
1749:
1719:
1690:
1665:
1640:
1614:
1589:
1564:
1529:
1504:
1477:
1435:
1404:
1375:
1343:
1331:
1304:
1271:
1207:
1190:. 2021-03-01.
1174:
1172:
1169:
1168:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1135:
1132:
1068:
1065:
1055:
1052:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1019:
994:
991:
990:
989:
985:
983:
979:
978:
977:(IoT) devices.
967:
965:
961:
960:
956:
952:
951:
947:
946:
939:
931:
928:
881:
878:
794:
791:
743:
740:
706:
703:
701:
698:
655:Zhou Xiaochuan
633:
632:
623:
622:
621:
620:
619:
617:
614:
583:; pinyin:
548:
547:
534:
528:
527:
514:
508:
507:
501:
495:
494:
490:
489:
482:
480: Website
476:
475:
470:
464:
463:
450:
448: Website
444:
443:
438:
430:
429:
425:
424:
396:
390:
389:
272:Mainland China
257:
251:
250:
246:14 August 2020
239:14 August 2020
237:
233:
232:
228:
227:
215:
200:
199:
187:
172:
171:
169:
165:
164:
158:
157:
140:
134:
133:
130:
126:
125:
107:
103:
102:
98:
97:
92:
86:
85:
78:
74:
73:
67:
66:
63:
55:
54:
49:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4535:
4524:
4521:
4519:
4516:
4514:
4511:
4510:
4508:
4498:
4488:
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4474:
4469:
4464:
4462:
4452:
4450:
4445:
4440:
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4436:
4423:
4420:
4418:
4410:
4408:
4400:
4399:
4395:
4394:
4391:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4377:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4364:
4363:Made in China
4360:
4358:
4355:
4353:
4350:
4346:
4343:
4342:
4341:
4340:Globalization
4338:
4336:
4333:
4331:
4330:
4326:
4322:
4319:
4317:
4314:
4312:
4309:
4308:
4307:
4304:
4302:
4299:
4297:
4294:
4293:
4291:
4289:
4285:
4279:
4276:
4274:
4271:
4269:
4266:
4264:
4261:
4259:
4256:
4254:
4251:
4249:
4246:
4244:
4241:
4239:
4235:
4232:
4230:
4227:
4226:
4224:
4222:
4218:
4212:
4209:
4207:
4204:
4202:
4199:
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4194:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4184:
4182:
4179:
4177:
4174:
4172:
4169:
4167:
4164:
4162:
4159:
4157:
4154:
4152:
4149:
4147:
4144:
4143:
4141:
4139:
4135:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4118:Go Out policy
4116:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4096:
4095:
4093:
4089:
4083:
4080:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4065:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4055:
4053:
4050:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4040:
4038:
4035:
4033:
4030:
4029:
4027:
4025:
4021:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3936:
3934:
3932:
3928:
3920:
3917:
3913:
3910:
3909:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3891:
3888:
3887:
3886:
3883:
3879:
3876:
3875:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3866:
3865:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3806:
3805:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3769:
3768:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3754:
3753:
3751:
3749:
3745:
3741:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3712:
3711:
3709:
3705:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3638:Trade history
3636:
3635:
3633:
3631:
3627:
3623:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3602:
3601:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3579:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3567:Energy policy
3565:
3564:
3562:
3560:
3556:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3526:
3524:
3522:
3518:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3490:
3487:
3486:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3428:
3425:
3424:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3396:Pearl farming
3394:
3392:
3391:Online gaming
3389:
3387:
3384:
3380:
3377:
3376:
3375:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3294:Biotechnology
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3253:
3250:
3249:
3248:
3245:
3244:
3242:
3240:
3236:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3209:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3154:
3152:
3150:
3146:
3142:
3132:
3128:
3121:
3116:
3114:
3109:
3107:
3102:
3101:
3098:
3084:
3083:
3079:
3073:
3070:
3069:
3067:
3065:International
3063:
3056:
3053:
3050:
3047:
3044:
3041:
3040:
3038:
3034:
3027:
3024:
3023:
3021:
3019:South America
3017:
3010:
3009:Digital ruble
3007:
3004:
3003:Digital pound
3001:
2998:
2995:
2994:
2992:
2988:
2981:
2978:
2975:
2972:
2969:
2968:Digital rupee
2966:
2963:
2960:
2959:
2957:
2953:
2946:
2943:
2940:
2937:
2936:
2934:
2930:
2926:
2919:
2914:
2912:
2907:
2905:
2900:
2899:
2896:
2884:
2880:
2879:
2876:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2861:
2859:
2857:
2853:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2809:
2802:
2798:
2795:
2793:Silver dollar
2792:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2773:
2771:
2769:
2765:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2748:Zhaona Xinbao
2746:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2730:
2728:
2724:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2712:
2707:
2705:
2704:
2699:
2697:
2696:
2691:
2689:
2688:
2683:
2682:
2680:
2676:
2668:
2667:Ancestor coin
2665:
2664:
2663:
2660:
2659:
2657:
2653:
2647:
2646:Silver Dragon
2644:
2642:
2641:Hubu Guanpiao
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2576:
2575:
2572:
2571:
2569:
2567:
2563:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2541:Ant-nose coin
2539:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2528:
2526:
2524:
2520:
2514:
2511:
2507:
2504:
2503:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2486:Kucha coinage
2484:
2482:
2479:
2478:
2476:
2472:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2439:
2438:Da Qi coinage
2436:
2435:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2390:
2388:
2386:
2382:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2362:
2360:
2356:
2347:
2342:
2340:
2335:
2333:
2328:
2327:
2324:
2308:
2304:
2297:
2282:
2278:
2272:
2257:
2253:
2246:
2231:
2227:
2220:
2218:
2216:
2200:
2196:
2190:
2175:
2171:
2165:
2157:
2153:
2152:
2147:
2141:
2134:
2123:
2122:Bloomberg.com
2119:
2113:
2111:
2102:
2098:
2091:
2083:
2079:
2075:
2069:
2062:
2056:
2054:
2052:
2036:
2032:
2026:
2012:
2008:
2002:
1987:
1983:
1977:
1963:
1962:www.cs.com.cn
1959:
1953:
1938:
1934:
1928:
1914:
1910:
1903:
1895:
1889:
1875:
1871:
1864:
1856:
1850:
1842:
1836:
1828:
1822:
1814:
1810:
1804:
1789:
1785:
1778:
1763:
1759:
1753:
1738:
1734:
1730:
1723:
1709:
1705:
1699:
1697:
1695:
1679:
1675:
1669:
1655:
1651:
1644:
1629:
1625:
1618:
1604:
1600:
1593:
1578:
1574:
1568:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1538:
1536:
1534:
1519:
1515:
1508:
1494:
1493:
1488:
1481:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1448:
1446:
1444:
1442:
1440:
1424:
1423:
1418:
1411:
1409:
1394:
1390:
1384:
1382:
1380:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1350:
1348:
1341:
1335:
1321:
1317:
1311:
1309:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1275:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1242:
1240:
1238:
1236:
1234:
1232:
1230:
1228:
1226:
1224:
1222:
1220:
1218:
1216:
1214:
1212:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1179:
1175:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1150:Digital Rupee
1148:
1146:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1137:
1131:
1129:
1125:
1120:
1118:
1117:Jerome Powell
1115:
1111:
1108:
1104:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1077:
1075:
1064:
1062:
1051:
1049:
1043:
1041:
1037:
1034:apps such as
1033:
1018:
1016:
1011:
1004:
999:
986:
984:
981:
980:
976:
972:
968:
966:
963:
962:
957:
954:
953:
949:
948:
944:
940:
938:Wallet limits
937:
936:
935:
927:
925:
921:
916:
914:
910:
906:
902:
901:China Telecom
898:
897:Bank of China
893:
891:
887:
877:
875:
874:Xishuangbanna
871:
867:
863:
862:Fangchenggang
859:
854:
852:
848:
844:
840:
836:
832:
828:
824:
820:
816:
812:
808:
804:
800:
790:
788:
784:
780:
775:
771:
769:
765:
761:
757:
753:
749:
739:
736:
732:
728:
724:
720:
716:
712:
697:
694:
689:
687:
683:
679:
675:
671:
667:
663:
662:State Council
660:In 2017, the
658:
656:
652:
644:
640:
635:
627:
613:
611:
606:
602:
600:
596:
592:
588:
578:
574:
570:
566:
558:
554:
535:
533:
529:
525:
515:
513:
509:
502:
500:
496:
491:
487:
483:
477:
474:
471:
469:
465:
461:
451:
445:
442:
439:
436:
431:
426:
420:
408:
397:
391:
387:
386:Xishuangbanna
383:
382:Fangchenggang
379:
375:
371:
367:
363:
359:
355:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
279:
273:
269:
258:
252:
238:
234:
229:
219:
216:
201:
191:
188:
173:
170:
166:
163:
162:Denominations
159:
153:
146:
141:
139:
135:
131:
127:
111:
108:
104:
99:
93:
91:
87:
79:
75:
72:
68:
61:
56:
47:
33:
4397:
4396:
4361:
4335:Demographics
4327:
4321:Largest SOEs
4067:Urbanization
3776:Central bank
3506:Video gaming
3386:Mobile phone
2997:Digital euro
2974:Digital lira
2961:
2845:
2753:Bamboo tally
2710:
2702:
2694:
2686:
2531:Cowrie shell
2310:. Retrieved
2306:
2296:
2285:. Retrieved
2283:. 2021-04-13
2280:
2271:
2259:. Retrieved
2245:
2233:. Retrieved
2203:. Retrieved
2201:. 2019-11-01
2198:
2189:
2178:. Retrieved
2176:. 2021-03-17
2173:
2164:
2149:
2140:
2132:
2126:. Retrieved
2124:. 2021-04-11
2121:
2100:
2090:
2082:the original
2077:
2068:
2060:
2039:. Retrieved
2034:
2025:
2014:. Retrieved
2010:
2001:
1990:. Retrieved
1985:
1976:
1965:. Retrieved
1961:
1952:
1941:. Retrieved
1939:. 2023-11-03
1936:
1927:
1916:. Retrieved
1912:
1902:
1888:
1877:. Retrieved
1873:
1863:
1849:
1835:
1821:
1812:
1803:
1791:. Retrieved
1787:
1777:
1766:. Retrieved
1764:. 2021-06-30
1762:forkast.news
1761:
1752:
1741:. Retrieved
1732:
1722:
1711:. Retrieved
1707:
1682:. Retrieved
1680:. 2019-11-06
1677:
1668:
1657:. Retrieved
1653:
1643:
1631:. Retrieved
1627:
1617:
1606:. Retrieved
1602:
1592:
1581:. Retrieved
1579:. 2021-04-26
1576:
1567:
1556:. Retrieved
1547:
1521:. Retrieved
1517:
1507:
1496:. Retrieved
1490:
1480:
1469:. Retrieved
1457:
1428:February 20,
1426:. Retrieved
1420:
1396:. Retrieved
1392:
1367:. Retrieved
1358:
1334:
1323:. Retrieved
1319:
1296:. Retrieved
1284:
1274:
1263:. Retrieved
1251:
1199:. Retrieved
1187:
1178:
1124:digital euro
1121:
1110:Janet Yellen
1105:
1093:Eswar Prasad
1078:
1070:
1057:
1048:credit cards
1044:
1029:
1012:
1008:
933:
917:
905:China Unicom
894:
883:
855:
796:
776:
772:
745:
708:
690:
659:
648:
607:
603:
584:
576:
572:
568:
564:
552:
551:
435:Central bank
422:(pilot test)
231:Demographics
217:
189:
109:
31:
4497:Numismatics
4296:Agriculture
4234:2007 export
4062:Foreign aid
4024:Development
3840:CITIC Group
3781:Other banks
3729:Food safety
3439:Real estate
3379:gold mining
3334:Electronics
3264:Aquaculture
3043:Sand Dollar
2678:Near modern
2662:Mother coin
2606:Flying cash
2556:Spade money
2546:Knife money
1793:13 February
1628:Nikkei Asia
1393:Nikkei Asia
1015:U.S. dollar
851:Zhangjiakou
565:digital RMB
512:Pegged with
298:Zhangjiakou
4507:Categories
4301:Bankruptcy
4077:Emigration
4047:Corruption
3761:Accounting
3714:Tax system
3614:Geothermal
3484:Television
3449:Securities
3434:Rare earth
3410:Publishing
3354:Hedge fund
3269:Automotive
3239:Industries
2999:(Eurozone)
2881:See also:
2738:Horse coin
2693:Candareen
2574:Cash coins
2312:2021-04-28
2287:2021-04-28
2205:2019-11-10
2180:2021-04-09
2128:2021-04-19
2041:2021-04-28
2016:2021-04-28
1992:2021-04-28
1986:Al Jazeera
1967:2023-08-24
1943:2024-03-13
1918:2024-03-13
1879:2023-10-09
1768:2024-09-17
1743:2021-05-02
1713:2021-04-09
1684:2019-11-10
1659:2019-11-10
1633:11 October
1608:2021-09-02
1583:2021-05-02
1558:2021-05-02
1523:2017-01-05
1498:2017-01-05
1471:2021-04-06
1398:2021-04-09
1369:2021-04-06
1359:www.ft.com
1338:Bloomberg
1325:2021-04-06
1298:2021-04-06
1265:2021-04-06
1201:2021-09-02
1171:References
1036:WeChat Pay
920:PetroChina
915:function.
735:McDonald's
4398:See also:
4329:The Hongs
4306:Companies
4258:2010 Expo
3648:Transport
3599:Renewable
3582:Oil shale
3314:Container
3284:Aerospace
3051:(Jamaica)
3045:(Bahamas)
2947:(Nigeria)
2584:Ban Liang
2551:Ying Yuan
2261:April 11,
2235:April 11,
1518:Bloomberg
1466:0099-9660
1293:0362-4331
1260:0099-9660
1196:0362-4331
1067:Reactions
943:anonymity
807:Guangzhou
803:Chongqing
731:Starbucks
670:Ant Group
643:Guangdong
499:Inflation
493:Valuation
407:Hong Kong
342:Chongqing
334:Guangzhou
4523:Renminbi
4407:Category
3850:Renminbi
3668:Shipping
3501:Textiles
3469:Software
3459:Shipping
3454:Sex toys
3423:Railway
3405:pharmacy
3359:Internet
3349:Gambling
3279:Aircraft
3274:Aviation
3247:Industry
3028:(Brazil)
3011:(Russia)
2976:(Turkey)
2812:Renminbi
2626:Jiaochao
2566:Imperial
2536:Tong Bei
2506:Hongqian
2465:Shengbao
2358:Overview
2156:Archived
1737:Archived
1552:Archived
1363:Archived
1134:See also
988:privacy.
926:(CNPC).
909:SIM card
886:Changshu
843:Shaoxing
827:Hangzhou
819:Zhejiang
756:Changsha
748:Shanghai
723:Xiong'an
711:Shenzhen
693:renminbi
686:UnionPay
639:Shenzhen
599:renminbi
589:), is a
581:数字货币电子支付
526:(at par)
428:Issuance
362:Shaoxing
346:Hangzhou
310:Changsha
302:Shanghai
286:Xiong'an
278:Shenzhen
71:ISO 4217
41:数字货币电子支付
4473:Economy
4435:Portals
4369:Mingong
4316:Top 500
4311:Largest
4042:Poverty
3771:History
3766:Banking
3748:banking
3744:Finance
3693:Exports
3663:Tourism
3594:Nuclear
3496:Tourism
3489:digital
3344:Fishing
3252:history
3157:History
3149:History
3072:MBridge
3049:Jam-Dex
2970:(India)
2964:(China)
2945:E-Naira
2941:(Ghana)
2846:Digital
2711:(liǎng)
2579:Strings
2523:Ancient
2199:Reuters
2063:(2020).
1032:fintech
1021:Effects
890:Jiangsu
870:Kunming
866:Nanning
835:Wenzhou
799:Tianjin
783:Beijing
764:Qingdao
719:Chengdu
700:Testing
674:Tencent
666:Alibaba
616:History
557:Chinese
468:Printer
378:Kunming
374:Nanning
354:Wenzhou
338:Tianjin
318:Qingdao
294:Beijing
290:Chengdu
244: (
209:⁄
204:
181:⁄
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168:Subunit
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4221:Events
3559:Energy
3374:Mining
3319:Cotton
3309:Coffee
3304:Cement
3162:Reform
2990:Europe
2939:E-Cedi
2932:Africa
2814:series
2703:(qián)
2616:Guanzi
2611:Jiaozi
2589:Wu Zhu
2230:Quartz
1603:Forbes
1548:Xinhua
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1258:
1194:
1040:Alipay
903:, and
872:, and
847:Jinhua
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839:Huzhou
831:Ningbo
815:Xiamen
811:Fuzhou
768:Dalian
752:Hainan
715:Suzhou
682:JD.com
678:Huawei
571:), or
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505:(2017)
416:
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366:Jinhua
358:Huzhou
350:Ningbo
330:Xiamen
326:Fuzhou
322:Dalian
306:Hainan
282:Suzhou
265:
138:Symbol
129:Plural
4485:Money
4461:China
3683:Ports
3626:Trade
3609:Solar
3474:Steel
3419:Radio
3364:Media
3055:DCash
2982:(UAE)
2758:Token
2709:Tael
2701:Mace
2695:(fēn)
2687:(wén)
2685:Cash
2621:Huizi
2601:Sycee
1061:SWIFT
993:Goals
858:Jinan
760:Xi'an
569:e-CNY
561:数字人民币
532:Value
503:2.5%
419:Macau
370:Jinan
314:Xi'an
150:e¥ /
51:e-CNY
25:数字人民币
4449:Asia
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3403:and
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2955:Asia
2780:Fabi
2717:Yuan
2263:2021
2237:2021
1795:2022
1635:2020
1462:ISSN
1430:2021
1289:ISSN
1256:ISSN
1192:ISSN
1112:and
1038:and
880:2023
793:2022
787:Visa
766:and
742:2021
733:and
727:apps
721:and
705:2020
684:and
577:DCEP
567:and
458:.gov
456:.pbc
190:jiǎo
110:yuán
106:Unit
101:Unit
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2821:1st
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