1737:
746:
1805:
have fewer lens options and shorter battery life. Ongoing improvements are making them even better. Mirrorless cameras give photographers new ways to shoot, like seeing previews on the LCD screen. Mirrorless cameras brought big changes to photography. They do not have the bulky parts of DSLRs, so they are smaller and easier to carry. They are also quiet, good for discreet shooting like weddings or wildlife photography. Electronic viewfinders show details like exposure and focus, helping photographers take better shots. New autofocus systems make capturing moving subjects easier and more accurate. In summary, mirrorless cameras are changing photography with their compact size, advanced features, and quiet operation. As they improve, they are becoming essential tools for photographers.
1568:
1548:, AgfaPhoto, split off. Within six months it filed for bankruptcy. Konica Minolta Photo Imaging, Inc., ended production of color film and paper worldwide by March 31, 2007. In addition, by 2005, Kodak employed less than a third of the employees it had twenty years earlier. It is not known if these job losses in the film industry have been offset in the digital image industry. Digital cameras have decimated the film photography industry through the declining use of the expensive film rolls and development chemicals previously required to develop the photos. This has had a dramatic effect on companies such as
1801:
interchangeable lenses, and having an electronic viewfinder or LCD screen to display images straight from the sensor, mirrorless cameras have the advantage over DSLRs. While mirrorless cameras also provide quick autofocus, silent operations, and quick shooting rates, they also have some drawbacks, like a restricted range of lenses and a shorter battery life. However, progress still continues. As of 2024, ongoing advancements in mirrorless technology continue to address these limitations, solidifying their position as a leading choice for photographers.
2311:, Vol. 0010, pp. XV-1–19, January 1967 (August 1965, San Francisco). "Mariner is unique in that the pictures were converted to the 6-bit digital form in the spacecraft. The digital signals were transmitted at a very slow rate (8 1/3 bits/sec) and decoded and reformatted in the 7094 computer before being presented to the film recording equipment on computer tape. Thus, there are no digitizing and synchronizing problems, and the operation consists merely of producing the digitally recorded film."
188:
1429:) depends on the type and quality of film or sensor used and the quality of the optical system and film processing. Different films and sensors have different color sensitivity; the photographer needs to understand their equipment, the lighting conditions, and the media used to ensure accurate color reproduction. Many digital cameras offer RAW format (sensor data), which makes it possible to choose the color gamut in the development stage regardless of camera settings.
6227:
1770:
215:
139:
880:
6238:
459:
1501:(such as higher image resolutions and LCD screens). Most, if not all these single-use digital cameras cost less than $ 20, not including processing. However, the huge demand for complex digital cameras at competitive prices has often caused manufacturing shortcuts, evidenced by a large increase in customer complaints over camera malfunctions, high parts prices, and short service life. Some digital cameras offer only a 90-day warranty.
871:. Digital camera manufacturers advertise this figure because consumers can use it to easily compare camera capabilities. It is not, however, the major factor in evaluating a digital camera for most applications. The processing system inside the camera that turns the raw data into a color-balanced and pleasing photograph is usually more critical, which is why some 4+ megapixel cameras perform better than higher-end cameras.
77:
36:
1497:, a 1.2-megapixel (1280 Ă— 960) CMOS-based digital camera costing only $ 11. Following the familiar single-use concept long in use with film cameras, Ritz intended the Dakota Digital for single use. When the pre-programmed 25-picture limit is reached, the camera is returned to the store, and the consumer receives back prints and a CD-ROM with their photos. The camera is then refurbished and resold.
889:
1687:, are used by millions of people to share their pictures. Digital photography and social media allow organizations and corporations to make photographs more accessible to a greater and more diverse population. For example, National Geographic Magazine has Twitter, Snapchat, Facebook, and Instagram accounts, each of which includes content aimed at the specific audiences found on its platform.
204:
1050:(2560 Ă— 1600= 4,096,000). Increasing to 3200 Ă— 2048 increases the pixels in the picture to 6,553,600 (6.5 megapixels), a factor of 1.6, but the pixels per cm in the picture (at the same image size) increases by only 1.25 times. A measure of the comparative increase in linear resolution is the square root of the increase in area resolution (i.e., megapixels in the entire image).
1745:
themselves and their chosen aesthetic. With the invention of digital photography, photographs became less destructible and more easily maintained throughout the years, living across all types of digital devices. Digital photography advanced the use of photos for communication and identity rather than as a means of remembering.
1169:, which essentially involves scanning the cards for possible errors. Common advocacy calls for formatting cards after transferring its images onto a computer. Since all cameras only do quick formatting of cards, it is advisable to occasionally carry out a more thorough formatting using appropriate software on a computer.
424:, which typically provide better image quality than point-and-shoot or cell phone cameras but are smaller in size and shape than typical DSLRs. Many mirrorless cameras accept interchangeable lenses and have advanced features through an electronic viewfinder, which replaces the through-the-lens viewfinder of
1638:
Archivists and historians have noticed the transitory nature of digital media. Unlike film and print which are tangible, digital image storage is ever-changing, with old media and decoding software becoming obsolete or inaccessible by new technologies. Historians are concerned that this is creating a
1432:
Even in RAW format, however, the sensor and the camera's dynamics can only capture colors within the gamut supported by the hardware. When that image is transferred for reproduction on any device, the widest achievable gamut is the gamut that the end device supports. For a monitor, it is the gamut of
446:
While digital photography has only relatively recently become mainstream, the late 20th century saw many small developments leading to its creation. The history of digital photography began in the 1950s. In 1951, the first digital signals were saved to magnetic tape via the first video tape recorder.
1049:
The relative increase in detail resulting from an increase in resolution is better compared by looking at the number of pixels across (or down) the picture, rather than the total number of pixels in the picture area. For example, a sensor of 2560 Ă— 1600 sensor elements is described as "4 megapixels"
850:
Digital photography is an example of the shift from analog information to digital information. In the past, conventional photography was an entirely chemical and mechanical process that did not require electricity. Now, modern photography is a digital process in which analog signals are converted to
634:
The advent of digital photography also gave way to cultural changes in the field of photography. Unlike film photography, dark rooms and hazardous chemicals were no longer required for the post-production of an image – images could now be processed and enhanced from a personal computer. This allowed
411:
were marketed in the late 1990s. Professionals gravitated to digital slowly, converting as their professional work required using digital files to fulfill demands for faster turnaround than conventional methods could allow. Starting around 2000, digital cameras were incorporated into cell phones; in
1804:
The rise of mirrorless cameras has changed digital photography. These cameras are popular for their modern tech, portability, and versatility. Unlike DSLRs, mirrorless cameras have electronic viewfinders or LCD screens for previewing photos and manual controls. They are smaller and lighter, but may
1800:
As of today, advancements in digital photography have sky-rocketed due to the introduction of mirrorless cameras. Due to their cutting-edge technology, portability, and versatility, being more compact and innovative, mirrorless cameras are preferred. With its manual controls, adjustable settings,
1744:
In its early stages, photography was mainly used for physically preserving a family's heritage. It has now evolved into a key part of individual identity in the 21st century. Internet users often personally photograph and repost pictures that revolve around the ways they want to personally express
1188:
The primary advantage of consumer-level digital cameras is the low recurring cost, as users need not purchase photographic film. Processing costs may be reduced or even eliminated. Digicams tend also to be easier to carry and use than comparable film cameras, and more easily adapt to modern use of
1755:
are commonly used in social digital photography, some of which reflect the nostalgic gap left by the disappearance of film photography. Filters that emulated traditional analog effects (such as film grain, scratches, fading, and polaroid borders) grew immensely in popularity alongside the idea of
1579:
Digital camera sales peaked in March 2012, averaging about 11 million units a month, but sales have declined significantly ever since. By March 2014, about 3 million were purchased each month, about 30 percent of the peak sales total. The decline may have bottomed out, with sales average hovering
1467:
Different aspect ratios are one of the reasons consumers have issues when cropping photos. An aspect ratio of 4:3 translates to a size of 4.5"Ă—6.0". This loses half an inch when printing on the "standard" size of 4"Ă—6", an aspect ratio of 3:2. Similar cropping occurs when printing on other sizes,
630:
Fotoman. It used a CCD image sensor, stored pictures digitally, and connected directly to a computer for downloading images. Originally offered to professional photographers for a hefty price, by the mid-to-late 1990s, due to technology advancements, digital cameras were commonly available to the
1500:
Since the introduction of the Dakota
Digital, a number of similar single-use digital cameras have appeared. Most single-use digital cameras are nearly identical to the original Dakota Digital in specifications and function, though a few include superior specifications and more advanced functions
1157:
Memory cards can hold vast numbers of photos, requiring attention only when the memory card is full. For most users, this means hundreds of quality photos stored on the same memory card. Images may be transferred to other media for archival or personal use. Cards with high speed and capacity are
344:
level automatically, so these technical burdens are removed from the photographer unless the photographer feels competent to intercede (and the camera offers traditional controls). Electronic by nature, most digital cameras are instant, mechanized, and automatic in some or all functions. Digital
1727:
New technology in digital cameras and computer editing affects the way photographic images are now perceived. The ability to create and fabricate realistic imagery digitally—as opposed to untouched photos—changes the audience's perception of "truth" in digital photography. Digital manipulation
1090:
Some digital cameras can show these blown highlights in the image review, allowing the photographer to re-shoot the picture with a modified exposure. Others compensate for the total contrast of a scene by selectively exposing darker pixels longer. A third technique is used by
Fujifilm in its
635:
photographers to be more creative with their processing and editing techniques. As the field became more popular, digital photography and photographers diversified. Digital photography expanded the field of photography from a small, somewhat elite circle to one that encompassed many people.
609:
in 1973. The camera weighed 8 pounds (3.6 kg), recorded black-and-white images to a cassette tape, had a resolution of 0.01 megapixels (10,000 pixels), and took 23 seconds to capture its first image in
December 1975. The prototype camera was a technical exercise, not intended for
1367:
Turn-of-the-century digital cameras had a long start-up delay compared to film cameras (that is, the delay from when they are turned on until they are ready to take the first shot), but this is no longer the case for modern digital cameras, which have start-up times under 1/4 seconds.
1456:
picture's aspect ratio is 1.5 (3:2). Several digital cameras take photos in either ratio. Nearly all digital SLRs take pictures in a 3:2 ratio, as most can use lenses designed for 35 mm film. Some photo labs print photos on 4:3 ratio paper, as well as the existing 3:2.
2282:
726:. Although there is light-sensing technology that can distinguish the wavelength of the light incident on each pixel, most cameras use monochrome sensors that can only record the intensity of that light, over a broad range of wavelengths that includes all the
1486:). At the same time, many discount stores with photo labs introduced a "digital front end", allowing consumers to obtain true chemical prints (as opposed to ink-jet prints) in an hour. These prices were similar to those of prints made from film negatives.
745:
1086:
required to fit their large dynamic range into the more limited dynamic range of the output (be it SDR display or printing). Because sensor elements for different colors saturate in turn, there can be hue or saturation shift in burnt-out highlights.
1607:
Digital photography has made photography available to a larger group of people. New technology and editing programs available to photographers have changed the way photographs are presented to the public. Photographs can be heavily manipulated or
1416:
Depending on the materials and how they are stored, analog photographic film and prints may fade as they age. Similarly, the media on which digital images are stored or printed can decay or become corrupt, leading to a loss of image integrity.
1630:
to upload products to the
Internet, preserving images even if the camera is destroyed or the photos deleted. Some high-street photography shops have self-service kiosks that allow images to be printed directly from smartphones via
529:
produced the first images from the surface of Mars. The imaging process was different from that of a modern digital camera, though the result was similar; Viking used a mechanically scanned facsimile camera rather than a mosaic of
1276:
are deemed of sufficient quality for small images in newspaper or magazine reproduction. 8- to 24-megapixel images, found in modern digital SLRs, when combined with high-end lenses, can approximate the detail of film prints from
911:
Resolution in pixels is not the only measure of image quality. A larger sensor with the same number of pixels generally produces a better image than a smaller one. One of the most important benefits of this is a reduction in
1046:(interpolation), while Foveon sensors produce uninterpolated image files with one-third as many RGB pixels as photosensors. Comparisons of megapixel ratings of these two types of sensors are sometimes a subject of dispute.
738:. The resulting grayscale images are then combined to produce a color image. This step is usually performed by the camera itself, although some cameras may optionally provide the unprocessed grayscale images in a so-called
1748:
Widespread access to digital photography has greatly influenced social behavior. The phrase "pics or it didn't happen" reflects the notion that one's life experiences can only be verified by others through photographs.
1540:
have reduced but not halted production of film cameras. The technology has improved so rapidly that one of Kodak's film cameras was discontinued before it was awarded a "camera of the year" award later in the year.
1293:: as with any sampled signal, the combination of the periodic pixel structure of common electronic image sensors and periodic structure of photographed objects (typically human-made objects) can cause objectionable
1891:
help keep dust off of image sensors. Originally introduced only by a few cameras like
Olympus DSLRs, they have now become standard in most models and brands of detachable lens cameras, except the low-end or cheap
1647:
who may have used film for creating artistic and personal memoirs may need to modify their approach to use and personalize digital photo books, thereby retaining the special qualities of traditional photo albums.
1584:, most of which have built-in digital cameras and are routinely improved. Like most digital cameras, they also offer the ability to record videos. While smartphones continue to improve on a technical level, their
1236:: which enables longer photography sessions without changing film rolls. To most users, a single memory card is sufficient for the lifetime of the camera whereas film rolls are a re-incurring cost of film cameras.
1845:
cameras and displays are commercially available. Sensors with dynamic range in excess of 1,000,000:1 are in development, and software is also available to combine multiple non-HDR images (shot with different
1620:. Digital photography eliminated the delay and cost of film. Consumers became able to view, transfer, edit, and distribute digital images with ordinary home computers rather than using specialized equipment.
494:
a series of MOS capacitors in a row, they connected a suitable voltage to the capacitors so that the charge could be stepped along from one to the next. This semiconductor circuit was later used in the first
1867:
techniques use a hardware system of 2 sensors, one to take the photo as usual while the other records depth information. Bokeh effect and refocusing can then be applied to an image after the photo is taken.
1153:
of limited capacity to hold pictures temporarily, regardless of whether or not the camera is equipped with a memory card. These pictures can then be transferred later to a memory card or external device.
625:
SVC prototype demonstrated in 1986, followed by the commercial Nikon QV-1000C released in 1988. The first widely commercially available digital camera was the 1990 Dycam Model 1; it also sold as the
1246:
using deterministic (non-random) algorithms is perfectly reproducible and eliminates variations common with photochemical processing, and enables otherwise difficult or impractical processing techniques.
1218:: management (color and file), manipulation, and printing tools are more versatile than conventional film processes. However, batch processing of RAW files can be time-consuming, even on a fast computer.
2112:
1082:). The loss of detail in the highlights is not abrupt with film, or in dark shadows with digital sensors. "Highlight burn-out" of digital sensors is not usually abrupt in output images due to the
2528:
3161:
Srihatrai, Parinya, and
Thanita Hlowchitsieng. 2018. "The diagnostic accuracy of single- and five-field fundus photography in diabetic retinopathy screening by primary care physicians."
3005:
1639:
historical void where information is being silently lost within failed or inaccessible digital media. They recommend that professional and amateur users develop strategies for
2422:
1808:
Research and development continues to refine the lighting, optics, sensors, processing, storage, display, and software used in digital photography. Here are a few examples:
1756:
social photography, the causal sharing of everyday images. Social photos differ from "true" photography as they are not meant to carry the same value or artistic qualities.
2142:
776:
cameras, for example, opted for a grayscale-only sensor to get better resolution and dynamic range. The reduction from three-dimensional color to grayscale or simulated
1736:
3089:
1311:: digital cameras cannot operate without electricity, usually provided via a battery. In contrast, a large number of mechanical film cameras existed, such as the
2885:
1896:
Other areas of progress include improved sensors, more powerful software, advanced camera processors (sometimes using more than one processor; for instance, the
2104:
1564:
services or sold film no longer do, or have seen a tremendous decline. In 2012, Kodak filed for bankruptcy after struggling to adapt to the changing industry.
3112:
2908:
1224:: it will take no more than a few seconds to transfer a high-resolution RAW file from a memory card vs many minutes to scan film with a high-quality scanner.
1149:
format was the last new form of card, targeted at high-definition camcorders and high-resolution digital photo cameras. Most modern digital cameras also use
6195:
3064:
2479:
1536:(APS) compact cameras have dropped, probably due to direct competition from digital cameras and the resulting availability of second-hand film cameras.
2518:
2558:
6142:
1212:: image review and deletion are possible immediately; lighting and composition can be assessed immediately, which ultimately conserves storage space.
2634:
523:
2984:
2753:
1034:, the number claimed is the total number of single-color-sensitive photosensors, whether they have different locations in the plane, as with the
3310:
1436:
Professional photographers often use specially designed and calibrated monitors that help them to reproduce color accurately and consistently.
1520:
followed suit and announced they would stop production of all but two models of their film cameras. They will continue to produce the low-end
3657:
3606:
2260:
1728:
enables pictures to adjust the perception of reality, both past and present, and thereby shape people's identities, beliefs, and opinions.
486:(MOS) process, they realized that an electric charge was analogous to a magnetic bubble and that the charge could be stored on a tiny MOS
6185:
6137:
1544:
The decline in film camera sales has also led to a decline in purchases of film for such cameras. In
November 2004, a German division of
2855:
916:. This is one of the advantages of DSLR cameras, which have larger sensors than simpler point-and-shoot cameras of the same resolution.
5922:
3889:
2957:
1178:
831:
standard to connect to printers without using a computer, and some can display pictures directly on a television set. Similarly, many
684:
are arrays of electronic devices that convert the optical image created by the camera lens into a digital file that is stored in some
662:. Small, convenient, and easy to use, camera phones have made digital photography ubiquitous in the daily life of the general public.
3576:
1612:
to look completely different from the originals. Until the advent of the digital camera, amateur photographers used either print or
3927:
2392:
2321:
1819:. The resulting scene can be viewed from novel viewpoints, but creating the model is very computationally intensive. An example is
549:, a digital camera developed as a commercial product and interfaced to a microcomputer, was featured in the February 1975 issue of
3035:
2580:
2366:
4787:
3829:
3009:
718:
Most cameras for the general consumer market create color images, in which each pixel has a color value from a three-dimensional
2134:
1860:(a flickering shutter that adds a signature to the blur, which postprocessing recognizes). It is not yet commercially available.
1165:
Because photographers rely on the integrity of image files, it is important to take proper care of memory cards. One process is
1042:. However, the images have different numbers of RGB pixels: Bayer-sensor cameras produce as many RGB pixels as photosensors via
3932:
1816:
1433:
the display device. For a photographic print, it is the gamut of the device that prints the image on a specific type of paper.
4354:
534:
sensor elements. This produced a digital image that was stored on tape for later, relatively slow transmission back to Earth.
4893:
4640:
4104:
3286:
2609:
2174:
2599:
1740:
Modern day students have more access to photography classes as a result of digital photography's ease in comparison to film.
6190:
3764:
2663:
49:
3497:
1252:: a digital image can be modified and manipulated much easier and faster than with traditional negative and print methods.
1030:
quoted by manufacturers can be misleading as it may not be the number of full-color pixels. For cameras using single-chip
2454:
2397:
17:
3085:
1591:
Digital photography has resulted in some positive market impacts as well. The increasing popularity of products such as
6132:
5684:
4587:
4299:
3877:
3776:
2877:
2796:
2084:
2059:
1934:
859:
The quality of a digital image is a composite of various factors, many of which are similar to those of film cameras.
5893:
3811:
3650:
2723:
2699:
2201:
1984:
1588:
is not optimized for use as a camera, and their battery life is typically more limited compared to a digital camera.
1392:
is limited to 36 continuous frames (the length of the film) without the cumbersome bulk film back, while the digital
1265:
372:
Digital photography spans a wide range of applications with a long history. Much of the technology originated in the
306:
195:
selected by NASA in 1986 (costing US$ 44 million) contains a 32-bit radiation-hardened 10 MHz processor and 12 MB of
174:
120:
63:
102:
5860:
1322:
1099:
of lower sensitivity than the main ones; these retain detail in parts of the image too bright for the main sensor.
587:
491:
3120:
2905:
6152:
5646:
3823:
3759:
2010:
1655:
has been a popular medium for storing and sharing photos ever since the first photograph was published online by
1567:
1301:
sensor. Aliasing is also present in film, but typically manifests itself in less obvious ways (such as increased
808:
device is used for storing images, which may be transferred to a computer later. This memory device is usually a
1205:
In professional usage, digital cameras offer many advantages in speed, precision, flexibility, ease, and cost.
5825:
5308:
5095:
2292:
1820:
87:
3546:
3056:
2812:
Lee, Dong-Hoo (2010). "Digital
Cameras, Personal Photography and the Reconfiguration of Spatial Experiences".
1690:
Digital photography has also impacted other fields, such as medicine. It has allowed doctors to help diagnose
5734:
5666:
5419:
4941:
3949:
3817:
2493:
2015:
437:
1881:
can be captured using computer-controlled lights and sensors. This is needed to create attractive images of
400:, first demonstrated in April 1970; since then, the field has advanced rapidly, with concurrent advances in
6263:
6162:
6157:
4572:
3643:
2928:
2550:
1380:
with its rare high-speed motor drive, professional DSLR cameras can take still photographs at the highest
6167:
5444:
4946:
4319:
4219:
4189:
4168:
4066:
3961:
2626:
1836:
1830:
1585:
1572:
240:
730:. To obtain color images, those cameras depend on color filters applied over each pixel, typically in a
5898:
5586:
5489:
4782:
4139:
3981:
3939:
2980:
2005:
1973:
1919:
1857:
1842:
1829:
can be created directly in camera without the need for any external processing. Some cameras feature a
1102:
761:
618:
388:
can be digitized; this was achieved in 1951. The modern era in digital photography is dominated by the
2745:
1833:
capability, combining shots taken with a single lens from different angles to create a sense of depth.
5865:
5815:
5775:
5628:
5514:
5464:
5156:
5100:
4956:
4708:
4633:
4097:
3882:
3867:
3793:
3753:
2444:"T.81 – DIGITAL COMPRESSION AND CODING OF CONTINUOUS-TONE STILL IMAGES – REQUIREMENTS AND GUIDELINES"
1401:
590:
in 1992. JPEG compresses images down to much smaller file sizes, and has become the most widely used
567:
519:
483:
425:
421:
412:
the following years, cell phone cameras became widespread, particularly due to their connectivity to
6066:
5661:
5389:
5181:
4536:
3894:
3799:
3787:
3483:
3388:
3324:
1460:
In 2005, Panasonic launched the first consumer camera with a native aspect ratio of 16:9, matching
1159:
538:
280:
55:
3602:
823:
In addition to taking pictures, digital cameras may also record sound and video. Some function as
6031:
5835:
5739:
5603:
5454:
5286:
5191:
4834:
4752:
4718:
4344:
3944:
3722:
3717:
1664:
1482:
In late 2002, the cheapest digital cameras in the United States were available for around $ 100 (
1326:
606:
579:
531:
500:
318:
291:
98:
3456:
3364:
2252:
6242:
6086:
6061:
5870:
5855:
5790:
5770:
5676:
5598:
5429:
5348:
5343:
5318:
5246:
5236:
5186:
5176:
5110:
5073:
5001:
4976:
4607:
4038:
3835:
3431:
3339:
1871:
1870:
In advanced cameras or camcorders, manipulating the sensitivity of the sensor with two or more
1847:
1315:. These battery-less devices had advantages over digital devices in harsh or remote conditions.
1067:
867:, millions of pixels) is only one of the major factors, though it is the most heavily marketed
504:
420:. Since 2010, the digital point-and-shoot and DSLR cameras have also seen competition from the
389:
341:
2191:
1885:, for instance. It is not yet commercially available, but some museums are starting to use it.
6147:
5942:
5850:
5845:
5830:
5820:
5795:
5780:
5641:
5574:
5544:
5504:
5414:
5404:
5241:
5120:
5083:
5006:
4577:
4405:
4050:
4004:
3872:
3770:
3707:
2847:
2685:
1888:
1826:
1752:
1533:
1116:
and post-processing the separate images to create a single image with a higher dynamic range.
797:
704:
471:
393:
310:
264:
94:
5699:
2949:
2164:
6231:
5840:
5810:
5805:
5800:
5785:
5439:
5358:
5328:
5281:
5226:
5216:
5141:
4966:
4913:
4626:
4465:
4440:
4274:
4249:
4184:
4156:
4144:
4090:
3976:
3971:
3954:
3674:
3405:
Wilson, Timothy
ColemanContributions from Mark; updated, Chris Rowlands last (2022-02-09).
2691:
2406:
2226:
2000:
1989:
1691:
1640:
1512:
announced in
January 2004 that they would no longer sell Kodak-branded film cameras in the
1445:
496:
299:
8:
5937:
5910:
5534:
5449:
5353:
5231:
5211:
5201:
5196:
5166:
5058:
4971:
4799:
4794:
4339:
3966:
3805:
3727:
3702:
3666:
3580:
3116:
1968:
1878:
1592:
1494:
1330:
1138:
931:
785:
750:
712:
693:
551:
314:
192:
3430:
Coleman, Chris RowlandsContributions from Timothy; published, Mark Wilson (2024-03-20).
3406:
3031:
2410:
2358:
2332:
2230:
1783:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
707:(CCD)—in which the photo charge is shifted to a central charge-to-voltage converter—and
152:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
6081:
5744:
5694:
5519:
5374:
5333:
5313:
5251:
5206:
5171:
5146:
4703:
4668:
4485:
4430:
4239:
4229:
4194:
4043:
4028:
3909:
3747:
3712:
3630:
3550:
3304:
3252:
3200:
2829:
2238:
1979:
1956:
1914:
1703:
1668:
1532:
announced it was pulling out of the camera business altogether. The price of 35 mm and
1230:: using flash in images can provide a different look such as the lighting of the image.
902:
610:
production. While it was not until 1981 that the first consumer camera was produced by
1023:. For example, an image 1600 Ă— 1200 in size has 1,920,000 pixels, or 1.92 megapixels.
6051:
5987:
5974:
5905:
5569:
5494:
5484:
5474:
5459:
5323:
5291:
5151:
4986:
4757:
4495:
4445:
4415:
3999:
3292:
3282:
3256:
3244:
3204:
2792:
2695:
2605:
2418:
2288:
2197:
2170:
2080:
2055:
1490:
1477:
1449:
773:
765:
655:
591:
571:
563:
441:
252:
218:
6106:
6056:
6014:
5999:
5982:
5952:
5947:
5591:
5549:
5499:
5261:
5221:
5161:
5016:
4543:
4517:
4500:
4435:
4304:
4284:
4279:
4259:
3732:
3236:
3192:
2833:
2821:
2414:
2234:
2217:
Boyle, William S; Smith, George E. (1970). "Charge Coupled Semiconductor Devices".
2025:
1397:
1243:
1039:
1004:
958:
927:
739:
727:
546:
475:
401:
268:
6202:
3522:
594:. The JPEG standard was largely responsible for popularizing digital photography.
6111:
6019:
5636:
5384:
5266:
4961:
4908:
4903:
4871:
4856:
4814:
4582:
4369:
4334:
4324:
4254:
3922:
3917:
3899:
3862:
3857:
3782:
3742:
2912:
2825:
2020:
1951:
1656:
1617:
1513:
1269:
1166:
1150:
1105:(HDR) addresses this problem by increasing the dynamic range of images by either
868:
735:
723:
479:
408:
377:
272:
2655:
1508:
have dropped with manufacturers further outsourcing to countries such as China.
5888:
5714:
5656:
5424:
5105:
5011:
4996:
4991:
4886:
4693:
4683:
4673:
4529:
4450:
4294:
4269:
4234:
3852:
2443:
1961:
1940:
1652:
1616:
for their cameras. Slides had to be developed and shown to an audience using a
1561:
1529:
1505:
1464:. This is similar to a 7:4 aspect ratio, which was a common size for APS film.
1385:
1376:
While some film cameras could reach up to 14 frames per second (fps), like the
1092:
844:
805:
757:
685:
671:
463:
452:
373:
333:
322:
3296:
3224:
392:, which evolved later. An early semiconductor milestone was the advent of the
6257:
6041:
6009:
5994:
5959:
5719:
5564:
5529:
5115:
5088:
5068:
5036:
4981:
4523:
4470:
4460:
4455:
4400:
4395:
4033:
4016:
4011:
3248:
3240:
3196:
2584:
1946:
1717:
1713:
1571:
A man takes a photo with a smartphone, holding it somewhat awkwardly, as the
1405:
1298:
1079:
1059:
949:
945:
935:
781:
731:
602:
598:
448:
295:
290:
were made by exposing light-sensitive photographic film and paper, which was
276:
260:
248:
236:
5479:
6207:
6101:
6096:
6091:
6046:
5932:
5927:
5581:
5301:
5271:
5053:
5048:
5031:
4876:
4698:
4688:
4678:
4390:
4359:
4329:
4134:
3276:
3183:
Bardis, Antonia (2004). "Digital photography and the question of realism".
2523:
2105:"The Inventor of Videotape Recorders Didn't Live to See Blockbuster's Fall"
2100:
2030:
1882:
1644:
1623:
1609:
1596:
1545:
1142:
1134:
1126:
1083:
1071:
1035:
1031:
840:
777:
689:
681:
647:
639:
556:
413:
397:
385:
366:
256:
2715:
1724:
is a related process in which digital photos are created using a scanner.
1070:
of the subject that are too bright are rendered as white, with no detail (
597:
The first self-contained (portable) digital camera was created in 1975 by
187:
6212:
6076:
6071:
6004:
5917:
5754:
5729:
5559:
5554:
5539:
5394:
5276:
5256:
5125:
5026:
4918:
4881:
4851:
4804:
4772:
4767:
4728:
4649:
4592:
4480:
4410:
4374:
4364:
4289:
4113:
3086:"Digital Camera Sales Trends A declining trend that's slowly stabilizing"
2077:
Design For Media: A Handbook for Students and Professionals in Journalism
1853:
1721:
1709:
1680:
1302:
1278:
1130:
1043:
1027:
970:
913:
898:
860:
813:
809:
719:
651:
362:
358:
233:
2773:
Carolyn Said, "DYCAM Model 1: The first portable Digital Still Camera",
1599:
is a direct result of the increasing popularity of digital photography.
321:, or delete a captured photograph within seconds, making this a form of
5724:
5704:
5618:
5608:
5469:
5434:
5409:
5338:
5078:
5063:
5043:
4925:
4861:
4777:
4723:
4597:
4475:
4420:
4314:
4071:
3737:
3682:
3577:"Coded Exposure Photography: Motion Deblurring using Fluttered Shutter"
1716:, digital photos are often edited, manipulated, or combined with other
1684:
1627:
1613:
1581:
1521:
1504:
Since 2003, digital cameras have outsold film cameras. Prices of 35 mm
1381:
1356:
1355:
Noise in a digital camera's image may sometimes be visually similar to
1273:
1261:
1190:
1113:
1096:
1063:
919:
Additional factors that impact the quality of a digital image include:
828:
346:
337:
287:
207:
3635:
1643:
by migrating stored digital images from old technologies to new ones.
1305:) due to the stochastic grain structure (stochastic sampling) of film.
514:
flew by it on July 15, 1965, with a digital camera system designed by
214:
6116:
5689:
5651:
5613:
5509:
5399:
4866:
4829:
4824:
4809:
4762:
4745:
4562:
4490:
4349:
4244:
4224:
4163:
3697:
3432:"Mirrorless vs DSLR cameras: the 10 key differences you need to know"
2307:
Fred C. Billingsley, "Processing Ranger and Mariner Photography," in
1924:
1812:
1632:
1626:
have recently had a large impact on photography. Users can set their
1377:
1325:
is that chips much larger than 1 cm are expensive to produce without
864:
836:
832:
788:
cameras may record more than three color coordinates for each pixel.
769:
537:
The first published color digital photograph was produced in 1972 by
511:
487:
381:
350:
2924:
2848:"From J-Phone to Lumia 1020: A complete history of the camera phone"
1904:
displays, built-in GPS and Wi-Fi, and computer-controlled lighting.
1137:
to store image data. The majority of cards for separate cameras are
879:
614:, the groundwork for digital imaging and photography had been laid.
458:
325:, in contrast to most photochemical cameras from the preceding era.
105:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
5709:
5524:
5021:
4951:
4819:
4740:
4735:
4602:
4567:
4425:
4214:
3692:
3687:
3554:
2489:
2388:
1929:
1897:
1549:
1525:
1453:
1393:
1389:
1338:
1334:
1312:
1294:
1194:
1146:
978:
974:
784:, often as an option in the camera itself. On the other hand, some
643:
627:
575:
329:
302:
and mechanical techniques, without wet bath chemical processing.
1384:. While the Sony SLT technology allows rates of up to 12 fps, the
328:
Moreover, the onboard computational resources can usually perform
5749:
4898:
4844:
4309:
3407:"The best mirrorless camera for 2024: top picks for every budget"
1694:, and is used in hospitals to diagnose and treat other diseases.
659:
229:
3484:"What Is a Mirrorless Camera and How Does It Compare to a DSLR?"
2746:"Dycam Model 1: The world's first consumer digital still camera"
1058:
Both digital and film practical imaging systems have a limited "
688:
device, inside or outside the camera. Each element of the image
5296:
4713:
4663:
2484:
1676:
1672:
1537:
1183:
1075:
824:
801:
354:
279:(or for scientific instruments, light in various ranges of the
4618:
4082:
1242:: since processing in the digital domain is purely numerical,
642:
further helped popularize digital photography, along with the
5964:
5379:
4839:
2450:
1901:
1864:
1553:
1517:
1509:
1426:
1257:
1200:
997:
817:
697:
622:
541:
using CCD sensor technology and was featured on the cover of
417:
244:
888:
734:, or (rarely) on movable filters or light splitters such as
4149:
1994:
1660:
1557:
1461:
1297:
artifacts, such as false colors when using cameras using a
966:
962:
708:
611:
605:. Sasson's camera used CCD image sensor chips developed by
583:
515:
345:
cameras may choose to emulate traditional manual controls (
203:
196:
3574:
1823:, which provided some models of famous places as examples.
1038:, or in stacks of three co-located photosensors as in the
1483:
756:
However, some special-purpose cameras, such as those for
2519:"What Is a JPEG? The Invisible Object You See Every Day"
987:
digital or chemical processing of "negative" and "print"
696:
of light hitting a small area of the projected image (a
3278:
The social photo : on photography and social media
1731:
654:
with built-in digital cameras were produced in 2000 by
545:. It was a picture of his wife, Margaret Tompsett. The
3225:"Digital photography: communication, identity, memory"
791:
851:
and stored as digital data using built-in computers.
2950:"Digital outsells film, but film still king to some"
2309:
Computerized Imaging Techniques, Proceedings of SPIE
2135:"Fiftieth Anniversary of First Digital Image Marked"
1109:
increasing the dynamic range of the image sensor, or
3140:Goldberg, Susan. 2017. "OUR SOCIAL MEDIA MISSION."
1284:
1172:
1162:(capture several photographs in quick succession).
3389:""Mirrorless vs. DSLR: The Pros and Cons Examined"
2393:"How I Came Up With the Discrete Cosine Transform"
3457:"Mirrorless vs. DSLR: The Pros and Cons Examined"
3365:"Mirrorless vs. DSLR: The Pros and Cons Examined"
2253:"The 2009 Nobel Prize in Physics - Press Release"
2162:
1759:
1580:around 3 million a month. The main competitor is
6255:
3429:
2597:
2193:The Electronics Revolution: Inventing the Future
1575:of a phone is not optimized for use as a camera.
2074:
1404:must be cleared and the remaining space on the
298:are typically created solely by computer-based
263:ready for further digital processing, viewing,
3498:"Primer: Why would I buy a mirrorless camera?"
510:The first close-up image of Mars was taken as
309:(DSLR), most digital cameras now come with an
4634:
4098:
3651:
3404:
1900:camera has two Digic 4 processors), enlarged
1444:Most digital point-and-shoot cameras have an
1193:, can send their pictures directly to email,
835:can take still photographs and store them on
796:In most digital camera (except some high-end
470:The first semiconductor image sensor was the
313:, which approximates the final photograph in
3575:Raskar, Ramesh; Amit Agrawal; Jack Tumblin.
1697:
1184:Advantages already in consumer level cameras
586:image standard, which was introduced by the
482:at Bell Labs in 1969. While researching the
438:History of the camera § Digital cameras
6186:Conservation and restoration of photographs
3603:"HTC launches One M8 with new 'Duo Camera'"
2551:"Digital Photography Milestones from Kodak"
2513:
2511:
1240:Precision and reproducibility of processing
1095:DSLR: the image sensor contains additional
305:In consumer markets, apart from enthusiast
64:Learn how and when to remove these messages
5923:Comparison of digital and film photography
4641:
4627:
4105:
4091:
3658:
3644:
3520:
3309:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2981:"Kodak to drop 35mm cameras in Europe, US"
2216:
1839:, the interactive visualization of photos.
1489:In July 2003, digital cameras entered the
1201:Advantages of professional digital cameras
1179:Comparison of digital and film photography
376:, where it pertains to highly customized,
6143:Photographs considered the most important
3600:
3274:
3222:
3113:"How long will my digital pictures last?"
3006:"Nikon to End Many Film-Related Products"
2789:The Photographic Image in Digital Culture
2132:
1817:created from collections of normal images
1388:can take stills at a rate of 14 fps. The
1078:that are too dark are rendered as black (
555:magazine. It used MOS technology for its
175:Learn how and when to remove this message
121:Learn how and when to remove this message
3110:
2508:
2359:"Digital imaging wins engineering prize"
2189:
1735:
1566:
744:
582:in 1972. DCT compression is used in the
503:, and its invention was recognized by a
457:
213:
202:
186:
3830:Application-specific integrated circuit
3665:
3029:
2906:Foveon X3 Sensor Claims Put to the Test
2183:
650:, and the JPEG image format. The first
14:
6256:
3182:
2858:from the original on 14 September 2019
2786:
2777:, vol. 4, No. 35, 16 Oct. 1990, p. 34.
2624:
2049:
1439:
1345:
1189:pictures. Some, particularly those in
854:
700:) and converts it to a digital value.
490:. As it was fairly straightforward to
292:processed in liquid chemical solutions
4622:
4086:
3639:
3478:
3476:
3454:
3400:
3398:
3362:
3270:
3268:
3266:
3218:
3216:
3214:
2978:
2683:
2601:The Focal Encyclopedia of Photography
2561:from the original on 28 December 2009
2460:from the original on 30 December 2019
2387:
2381:
2356:
2322:"Mariner to Mercury, Venus, and Mars"
2280:
2075:Middleditch, Steve; Hand, Di (2012).
1145:(CF) format; other formats are rare.
901:than the one to the right, but lower
843:cards with the same functionality as
768:capture, may record only monochrome (
462:First digital image ever created, by
286:Until the advent of such technology,
3765:Three-dimensional integrated circuit
3609:from the original on October 3, 2015
3057:"Eastman Kodak Files for Bankruptcy"
1763:
1732:Digital photography and social media
1560:. Many stores that formerly offered
1197:, or other electronic distribution.
562:An important development in digital
466:. It is an image of his son, Walden.
447:Six years later, in 1957, the first
294:to develop and stabilize the image.
132:
70:
29:
6138:Museums devoted to one photographer
2811:
2531:from the original on 9 October 2019
2436:
1468:such as 5"Ă—7", 8"Ă—10", or 11"Ă—14".
1396:is able to capture over 100 14-bit
1066:that can be reproduced accurately.
792:Multifunctionality and connectivity
451:was produced through a computer by
380:combined with sophisticated remote
317:. This enables the user to review,
199:, then considered state of the art.
24:
5685:Timeline of photography technology
4588:Los Angeles Center for Digital Art
4300:Generative artificial intelligence
3777:Erasable programmable logic device
3473:
3395:
3337:
3263:
3211:
3032:"Pentax plans to focus on digital"
3030:Tomkins, Michael R. (2004-06-01).
2960:from the original on 8 August 2018
2555:Women in Photography International
2369:from the original on 27 March 2018
2239:10.1002/j.1538-7305.1970.tb01790.x
1935:Design rule for Camera File system
1266:digital single-lens reflex cameras
703:The two main types of sensors are
365:interface for all functions; most
307:digital single-lens reflex cameras
210:— a 12.1-megapixel full-frame DSLR
25:
6275:
3812:Complex programmable logic device
3624:
3223:van Dijck, José (February 2008).
3092:from the original on May 10, 2019
2726:from the original on 26 June 2010
2480:"The JPEG image format explained"
2357:Ghosh, Pallab (1 February 2017).
2166:Scientific charge-coupled devices
2099:
1985:Digital single-lens reflex camera
1856:can be dramatically removed by a
780:may also be performed by digital
665:
45:This article has multiple issues.
27:Photography with a digital camera
6236:
6226:
6225:
2625:Estrin, James (12 August 2015).
1997:(Exchangeable image file format)
1768:
1602:
1471:
1285:Disadvantages of digital cameras
1173:Comparison with film photography
1053:
1015:vertical pixels) is the product
957:pixel count, digital file type (
887:
878:
588:Joint Photographic Experts Group
137:
75:
34:
6237:
4648:
4112:
3824:Field-programmable object array
3760:Mixed-signal integrated circuit
3594:
3568:
3539:
3514:
3490:
3448:
3423:
3381:
3356:
3331:
3317:
3176:
3163:Indian Journal Of Ophthalmology
3155:
3134:
3104:
3078:
3067:from the original on 2020-12-13
3049:
3038:from the original on 2007-05-15
3023:
2998:
2987:from the original on 2007-02-23
2972:
2942:
2931:from the original on 2020-02-10
2917:
2899:
2888:from the original on 2016-10-12
2870:
2840:
2805:
2780:
2767:
2756:from the original on 2010-10-17
2738:
2708:
2677:
2666:from the original on 2021-01-28
2648:
2637:from the original on 2017-12-01
2618:
2591:
2573:
2543:
2472:
2425:from the original on 2016-06-10
2350:
2314:
2301:
2263:from the original on 2018-09-23
2145:from the original on 2017-09-29
2115:from the original on 2020-10-25
2011:Lenses for SLR and DSLR cameras
1493:market with the release of the
991:
369:fall into the latter category.
251:, as opposed to an exposure on
53:or discuss these issues on the
3185:Journal of Visual Art Practice
3152:(Retrieved February 10, 2018).
3111:Lombardi, Rosie (2006-12-20).
2627:"Kodak's First Digital Moment"
2274:
2245:
2210:
2156:
2133:Hernandez, Paul (2007-05-24).
2126:
2093:
2068:
2043:
1760:Recent research and innovation
1264:have promoted the adoption of
474:(CCD), invented by physicists
455:. It was an image of his son.
361:) or it may instead provide a
13:
1:
5735:Painted photography backdrops
5667:Golden triangle (composition)
4942:35 mm equivalent focal length
3950:Hardware description language
3818:Field-programmable gate array
3455:Shoot, Feature (2020-10-07).
3363:Shoot, Feature (2020-10-07).
3173:(Retrieve February 23, 2018).
2687:Nikon D70 Digital Field Guide
2604:(4th ed.). Focal Press.
2492:. 31 May 2018. Archived from
2037:
2016:List of digital camera brands
1129:and most digital cameras use
402:photolithographic fabrication
4573:Austin Museum of Digital Art
3601:Lars Rehm (March 25, 2014).
3008:. 2006-01-11. Archived from
2925:"Digital Cameras - Dec 2002"
2826:10.1080/01972243.2010.489854
2581:"Kodak blog: We Had No Idea"
2419:10.1016/1051-2004(91)90086-Z
2196:. Springer. pp. 245–8.
2169:. SPIE Press. pp. 3–4.
1452:or early movies. However, a
1333:compatible with traditional
1321:: a persistent challenge in
800:cameras and simple, low-end
578:while he was working at the
574:technique first proposed by
442:Digital image § History
7:
5445:Intentional camera movement
4220:Artificial intelligence art
4190:Fractal-generating software
3962:Formal equivalence checking
3340:"Viewfinder vs LCD Display"
1907:
1837:Virtual-reality photography
1448:of 1.33 (4:3), the same as
1337:optics to professional and
897:Image at left has a higher
749:Monochromatic image from a
241:analog-to-digital converter
101:the claims made and adding
10:
6280:
6133:Most expensive photographs
5490:Multi-exposure HDR capture
3982:Hierarchical state machine
3940:Transaction-level modeling
3275:Jurgenson, Nathan (2019).
2979:Smith, Tony (2004-01-20).
2878:"How Digital Cameras Work"
2163:James R. Janesick (2001).
2079:. Routledge. p. 328.
2006:High-dynamic-range imaging
1974:Digital Print Order Format
1920:Automatic image annotation
1701:
1475:
1176:
1141:(SD) format, or the older
1120:
1103:High-dynamic-range imaging
676:
669:
619:digital single-lens reflex
435:
431:
426:single-lens reflex cameras
422:mirrorless digital cameras
6221:
6178:
6125:
6030:
5973:
5879:
5763:
5675:
5627:
5367:
5134:
4934:
4656:
4553:
4509:
4383:
4207:
4177:
4127:
4120:
4059:
3992:
3908:
3883:Digital signal processing
3868:Logic in computer science
3845:
3794:Programmable logic device
3754:Hybrid integrated circuit
3673:
3631:Digital Photography – FAQ
3523:"A Year After Mirrorless"
3521:Contrastly (2016-09-09).
2791:. Routledge. p. 86.
2660:The Digital Camera Museum
2598:Michael R. Peres (2007).
2398:Digital Signal Processing
2054:. Routledge. p. 29.
1777:This section needs to be
1698:Digitally altered imagery
1659:in 1992 (an image of the
1323:semiconductor fabrication
568:discrete cosine transform
522:. In 1976, the twin Mars
484:metal-oxide semiconductor
146:This article needs to be
6067:Digital image processing
4537:Listening Post (artwork)
3895:Switching circuit theory
3800:Programmable Array Logic
3788:Programmable logic array
3241:10.1177/1470357207084865
3167:Academic Search Complete
3146:Academic Search Complete
3034:. The Imaging Resource.
2750:DigiBarn computer museum
2684:Busch, David D. (2011).
2190:Williams, J. B. (2017).
2050:Merrin, William (2014).
1272:. Images captured at 2+
539:Michael Francis Tompsett
336:adjustment (via inbuilt
281:electromagnetic spectrum
5740:Photography and the law
4608:V&A Digital Futures
4345:Photograph manipulation
3945:Register-transfer level
2814:The Information Society
2787:Lister, Martin (2013).
2720:DigiCam History Dot Com
1872:neutral density filters
1665:Les Horribles Cernettes
607:Fairchild Semiconductor
580:Kansas State University
501:television broadcasting
6087:Gelatin silver process
5111:Science of photography
5096:Photographic processes
5074:Perspective distortion
3836:Tensor Processing Unit
3197:10.1386/jvap.3.3.209/0
3088:. September 22, 2014.
2281:Mutch, Thomas (1978).
1889:Dust reduction systems
1821:Microsoft's Photosynth
1741:
1576:
1256:Manufacturers such as
753:
705:charge-coupled devices
621:(DSLR) camera was the
505:Nobel Prize in Physics
467:
390:semiconductor industry
222:
211:
200:
5545:Schlieren photography
5084:Photographic printing
5007:Exposure compensation
4578:Computer Arts Society
4051:Electronic literature
4005:Hardware acceleration
3873:Computer architecture
3771:Emitter-coupled logic
3708:Printed circuit board
3461:The Shutterstock Blog
3369:The Shutterstock Blog
2692:John Wiley & Sons
2527:. 24 September 2013.
2284:The Martian Landscape
1827:Panoramic photographs
1739:
1570:
1534:Advanced Photo System
1528:. In the same month,
1351:Image noise and grain
1309:Electricity-dependent
1234:Higher image quantity
1011:horizontal pixels by
863:(typically listed in
748:
497:digital video cameras
472:charge-coupled device
461:
436:Further information:
394:charge-coupled device
340:) as well as set the
311:electronic viewfinder
265:electronic publishing
259:image is stored as a
232:containing arrays of
217:
206:
190:
5329:Straight photography
4967:Chromatic aberration
4466:Hamid Naderi Yeganeh
4441:Lynn Hershman Leeson
4275:Digital architecture
4250:Digital illustration
4185:Graphic art software
3977:Finite-state machine
3955:High-level synthesis
3890:Circuit minimization
3325:"Mirrorless cameras"
3229:Visual Communication
2001:Geotagged photograph
1990:Digital watermarking
1850:) into an HDR image.
1692:diabetic retinopathy
1641:digital preservation
1593:digital photo frames
1425:Color reproduction (
1331:image sensor formats
1250:Digital manipulation
1158:suited to video and
1003:for a given maximum
713:active pixel sensors
543:Electronics Magazine
6264:Digital photography
6196:photographic plates
5881:Digital photography
5059:Hyperfocal distance
4972:Circle of confusion
4340:Music visualization
4265:Digital photography
4024:Digital photography
3806:Generic Array Logic
3728:Combinational logic
3703:Printed electronics
3667:Digital electronics
3142:National Geographic
2587:on 21 January 2013.
2411:1991DSP.....1....4A
2338:on 15 February 2017
2231:1970BSTJ...49..587B
1969:Digital photo frame
1879:specular reflection
1669:photo sharing sites
1524:, and the high-end
1516:. In January 2006,
1495:Ritz Dakota Digital
1440:Frame aspect ratios
1346:Equivalent features
1319:Limited sensor size
1222:Faster image ingest
855:Performance metrics
751:night-vision device
566:technology was the
552:Popular Electronics
407:The first consumer
323:instant photography
296:Digital photographs
275:based on gathering
226:Digital photography
193:Mars Orbiter Camera
18:Digital Photography
5700:Autochrome Lumière
5695:Analog photography
5520:Pigeon photography
5309:Social documentary
4788:discontinued films
4486:Ben Rubin (artist)
4431:Desmond Paul Henry
4230:Computer art scene
4195:Animation software
3972:Asynchronous logic
3748:Integrated circuit
3713:Electronic circuit
3551:Microsoft Research
3165:66, no. 1: 94–97.
3061:The New York Times
2911:2007-10-13 at the
2854:. 11 August 2013.
2453:. September 1992.
2257:www.nobelprize.org
2219:Bell Syst. Tech. J
1980:Digital Revolution
1957:Digital microscope
1915:Analog photography
1843:High-dynamic-range
1742:
1704:Photo manipulation
1577:
1421:Color reproduction
1400:images before its
1359:in a film camera.
1329:, confining large
903:spatial resolution
754:
468:
271:. It is a form of
223:
212:
201:
86:possibly contains
6251:
6250:
6052:Collodion process
5988:Chromogenic print
5975:Color photography
5485:Multiple exposure
5460:Lo-fi photography
4987:Color temperature
4616:
4615:
4496:Camille Utterback
4446:Zachary Lieberman
4416:Stephanie Dinkins
4203:
4202:
4080:
4079:
4029:Digital telephone
4000:Computer hardware
3967:Synchronous logic
3288:978-1-78873-091-4
2852:digitaltrends.com
2611:978-0-240-80740-9
2176:978-0-8194-3698-6
2052:Media Studies 2.0
1798:
1797:
1491:disposable camera
1478:Photographic film
1450:analog television
820:are less common.
592:image file format
572:lossy compression
564:image compression
384:. Any electronic
253:photographic film
243:(ADC) to produce
239:interfaced to an
219:Canon PowerShot A
185:
184:
177:
167:
166:
131:
130:
123:
88:original research
68:
16:(Redirected from
6271:
6240:
6239:
6229:
6228:
6107:Print permanence
6057:Cross processing
6015:CMYK color model
6000:Color management
5953:Foveon X3 sensor
5948:Three-CCD camera
5592:Miniature faking
5550:Sabattier effect
5162:Astrophotography
5017:Zebra patterning
4643:
4636:
4629:
4620:
4619:
4544:Remember To Rise
4518:Edmond de Belamy
4510:Notable artworks
4501:Pindar Van Arman
4436:Mario Klingemann
4305:Generative music
4285:Evolutionary art
4280:Electronic music
4260:Digital painting
4125:
4124:
4107:
4100:
4093:
4084:
4083:
3733:Sequential logic
3660:
3653:
3646:
3637:
3636:
3619:
3618:
3616:
3614:
3598:
3592:
3591:
3589:
3588:
3579:. Archived from
3572:
3566:
3565:
3563:
3562:
3553:. Archived from
3543:
3537:
3536:
3534:
3533:
3518:
3512:
3511:
3509:
3508:
3494:
3488:
3487:
3480:
3471:
3470:
3468:
3467:
3452:
3446:
3445:
3443:
3442:
3427:
3421:
3420:
3418:
3417:
3402:
3393:
3392:
3385:
3379:
3378:
3376:
3375:
3360:
3354:
3353:
3351:
3350:
3335:
3329:
3328:
3321:
3315:
3314:
3308:
3300:
3272:
3261:
3260:
3220:
3209:
3208:
3180:
3174:
3159:
3153:
3138:
3132:
3131:
3129:
3128:
3119:. Archived from
3108:
3102:
3101:
3099:
3097:
3082:
3076:
3075:
3073:
3072:
3053:
3047:
3046:
3044:
3043:
3027:
3021:
3020:
3018:
3017:
3002:
2996:
2995:
2993:
2992:
2983:. The Register.
2976:
2970:
2969:
2967:
2965:
2946:
2940:
2939:
2937:
2936:
2921:
2915:
2903:
2897:
2896:
2894:
2893:
2874:
2868:
2867:
2865:
2863:
2844:
2838:
2837:
2809:
2803:
2802:
2784:
2778:
2771:
2765:
2764:
2762:
2761:
2742:
2736:
2735:
2733:
2731:
2712:
2706:
2705:
2681:
2675:
2674:
2672:
2671:
2652:
2646:
2645:
2643:
2642:
2622:
2616:
2615:
2595:
2589:
2588:
2583:. Archived from
2577:
2571:
2570:
2568:
2566:
2547:
2541:
2540:
2538:
2536:
2515:
2506:
2505:
2503:
2501:
2496:on 5 August 2019
2476:
2470:
2469:
2467:
2465:
2459:
2448:
2440:
2434:
2433:
2431:
2430:
2391:(January 1991).
2385:
2379:
2378:
2376:
2374:
2354:
2348:
2347:
2345:
2343:
2337:
2331:. Archived from
2326:
2318:
2312:
2305:
2299:
2298:
2278:
2272:
2271:
2269:
2268:
2249:
2243:
2242:
2214:
2208:
2207:
2187:
2181:
2180:
2160:
2154:
2153:
2151:
2150:
2130:
2124:
2123:
2121:
2120:
2097:
2091:
2090:
2072:
2066:
2065:
2047:
2026:Raw image format
1793:
1790:
1784:
1772:
1771:
1764:
1270:photojournalists
1244:image processing
1062:": the range of
1040:Foveon X3 sensor
891:
882:
740:raw image format
736:dichroic mirrors
728:visible spectrum
631:general public.
547:Cromemco Cyclops
476:Willard S. Boyle
378:embedded systems
269:digital printing
180:
173:
162:
159:
153:
141:
140:
133:
126:
119:
115:
112:
106:
103:inline citations
79:
78:
71:
60:
38:
37:
30:
21:
6279:
6278:
6274:
6273:
6272:
6270:
6269:
6268:
6254:
6253:
6252:
6247:
6217:
6174:
6121:
6112:Push processing
6033:
6026:
6020:RGB color model
5969:
5875:
5759:
5671:
5637:Diagonal method
5623:
5363:
5267:Photojournalism
5130:
4962:Black-and-white
4930:
4909:Slide projector
4904:Movie projector
4783:available films
4652:
4647:
4617:
4612:
4583:EVA Conferences
4556:and conferences
4555:
4549:
4505:
4384:Notable artists
4379:
4370:Texture mapping
4335:Motion graphics
4325:Interactive art
4255:Digital imaging
4199:
4173:
4116:
4111:
4081:
4076:
4055:
3988:
3923:Place and route
3918:Logic synthesis
3904:
3900:Gate equivalent
3863:Logic synthesis
3858:Boolean algebra
3841:
3783:Macrocell array
3743:Boolean circuit
3669:
3664:
3627:
3622:
3612:
3610:
3599:
3595:
3586:
3584:
3573:
3569:
3560:
3558:
3545:
3544:
3540:
3531:
3529:
3519:
3515:
3506:
3504:
3496:
3495:
3491:
3482:
3481:
3474:
3465:
3463:
3453:
3449:
3440:
3438:
3428:
3424:
3415:
3413:
3403:
3396:
3387:
3386:
3382:
3373:
3371:
3361:
3357:
3348:
3346:
3338:Europe, Canon.
3336:
3332:
3323:
3322:
3318:
3302:
3301:
3289:
3273:
3264:
3221:
3212:
3181:
3177:
3160:
3156:
3144:231, no. 4: 4.
3139:
3135:
3126:
3124:
3109:
3105:
3095:
3093:
3084:
3083:
3079:
3070:
3068:
3055:
3054:
3050:
3041:
3039:
3028:
3024:
3015:
3013:
3004:
3003:
2999:
2990:
2988:
2977:
2973:
2963:
2961:
2948:
2947:
2943:
2934:
2932:
2923:
2922:
2918:
2913:Wayback Machine
2904:
2900:
2891:
2889:
2876:
2875:
2871:
2861:
2859:
2846:
2845:
2841:
2810:
2806:
2799:
2785:
2781:
2772:
2768:
2759:
2757:
2744:
2743:
2739:
2729:
2727:
2714:
2713:
2709:
2702:
2682:
2678:
2669:
2667:
2654:
2653:
2649:
2640:
2638:
2623:
2619:
2612:
2596:
2592:
2579:
2578:
2574:
2564:
2562:
2549:
2548:
2544:
2534:
2532:
2517:
2516:
2509:
2499:
2497:
2478:
2477:
2473:
2463:
2461:
2457:
2446:
2442:
2441:
2437:
2428:
2426:
2386:
2382:
2372:
2370:
2355:
2351:
2341:
2339:
2335:
2324:
2320:
2319:
2315:
2306:
2302:
2295:
2279:
2275:
2266:
2264:
2251:
2250:
2246:
2215:
2211:
2204:
2188:
2184:
2177:
2161:
2157:
2148:
2146:
2131:
2127:
2118:
2116:
2098:
2094:
2087:
2073:
2069:
2062:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2035:
2021:Online proofing
1952:Digital imaging
1910:
1858:flutter shutter
1794:
1788:
1785:
1782:
1773:
1769:
1762:
1734:
1706:
1700:
1685:social websites
1657:Tim Berners-Lee
1618:slide projector
1605:
1514:developed world
1506:compact cameras
1480:
1474:
1442:
1412:Image longevity
1348:
1287:
1216:Faster workflow
1203:
1186:
1181:
1175:
1167:card formatting
1151:internal memory
1123:
1112:using exposure
1056:
994:
981:), aspect ratio
955:Capture format:
942:Capture medium:
909:
908:
907:
906:
894:
893:
892:
884:
883:
869:figure of merit
857:
845:digital cameras
827:, some use the
794:
782:post-processing
774:Leica Monochrom
758:thermal mapping
679:
674:
668:
480:George E. Smith
444:
434:
409:digital cameras
332:adjustment and
273:digital imaging
181:
170:
169:
168:
163:
157:
154:
151:
142:
138:
127:
116:
110:
107:
92:
80:
76:
39:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6277:
6267:
6266:
6249:
6248:
6246:
6245:
6234:
6222:
6219:
6218:
6216:
6215:
6210:
6205:
6200:
6199:
6198:
6193:
6182:
6180:
6176:
6175:
6173:
6172:
6171:
6170:
6165:
6160:
6155:
6145:
6140:
6135:
6129:
6127:
6123:
6122:
6120:
6119:
6114:
6109:
6104:
6099:
6094:
6089:
6084:
6079:
6074:
6069:
6064:
6059:
6054:
6049:
6044:
6038:
6036:
6028:
6027:
6025:
6024:
6023:
6022:
6017:
6012:
6007:
5997:
5992:
5991:
5990:
5979:
5977:
5971:
5970:
5968:
5967:
5962:
5957:
5956:
5955:
5950:
5945:
5940:
5930:
5925:
5920:
5915:
5914:
5913:
5908:
5903:
5902:
5901:
5889:Digital camera
5885:
5883:
5877:
5876:
5874:
5873:
5868:
5863:
5858:
5853:
5848:
5843:
5838:
5833:
5828:
5823:
5818:
5813:
5808:
5803:
5798:
5793:
5788:
5783:
5778:
5773:
5767:
5765:
5761:
5760:
5758:
5757:
5752:
5747:
5742:
5737:
5732:
5727:
5722:
5717:
5715:Camera obscura
5712:
5707:
5702:
5697:
5692:
5687:
5681:
5679:
5673:
5672:
5670:
5669:
5664:
5659:
5657:Rule of thirds
5654:
5649:
5644:
5639:
5633:
5631:
5625:
5624:
5622:
5621:
5616:
5611:
5606:
5601:
5596:
5595:
5594:
5584:
5579:
5578:
5577:
5567:
5562:
5557:
5552:
5547:
5542:
5537:
5532:
5527:
5522:
5517:
5512:
5507:
5502:
5497:
5492:
5487:
5482:
5477:
5472:
5467:
5462:
5457:
5452:
5447:
5442:
5437:
5432:
5427:
5425:Harris shutter
5422:
5420:Hand-colouring
5417:
5412:
5407:
5402:
5397:
5392:
5387:
5382:
5377:
5371:
5369:
5365:
5364:
5362:
5361:
5356:
5351:
5346:
5341:
5336:
5331:
5326:
5321:
5316:
5311:
5306:
5305:
5304:
5294:
5289:
5284:
5279:
5274:
5269:
5264:
5259:
5254:
5249:
5244:
5239:
5234:
5229:
5224:
5219:
5214:
5209:
5204:
5199:
5194:
5189:
5184:
5179:
5174:
5169:
5164:
5159:
5154:
5149:
5144:
5138:
5136:
5132:
5131:
5129:
5128:
5123:
5118:
5113:
5108:
5106:Red-eye effect
5103:
5098:
5093:
5092:
5091:
5081:
5076:
5071:
5066:
5061:
5056:
5051:
5046:
5041:
5040:
5039:
5034:
5024:
5019:
5014:
5012:Exposure value
5009:
5004:
4999:
4997:Depth of focus
4994:
4992:Depth of field
4989:
4984:
4979:
4974:
4969:
4964:
4959:
4954:
4949:
4944:
4938:
4936:
4932:
4931:
4929:
4928:
4923:
4922:
4921:
4911:
4906:
4901:
4896:
4891:
4890:
4889:
4884:
4879:
4874:
4869:
4864:
4859:
4849:
4848:
4847:
4842:
4837:
4832:
4827:
4822:
4817:
4812:
4807:
4797:
4792:
4791:
4790:
4785:
4780:
4775:
4770:
4765:
4755:
4750:
4749:
4748:
4743:
4733:
4732:
4731:
4726:
4721:
4716:
4711:
4706:
4701:
4696:
4691:
4686:
4681:
4676:
4671:
4660:
4658:
4654:
4653:
4646:
4645:
4638:
4631:
4623:
4614:
4613:
4611:
4610:
4605:
4600:
4595:
4590:
4585:
4580:
4575:
4570:
4565:
4559:
4557:
4551:
4550:
4548:
4547:
4540:
4533:
4530:Jesus Dress Up
4526:
4521:
4513:
4511:
4507:
4506:
4504:
4503:
4498:
4493:
4488:
4483:
4478:
4473:
4468:
4463:
4458:
4453:
4451:Margot Lovejoy
4448:
4443:
4438:
4433:
4428:
4423:
4418:
4413:
4408:
4403:
4398:
4393:
4387:
4385:
4381:
4380:
4378:
4377:
4372:
4367:
4362:
4357:
4352:
4347:
4342:
4337:
4332:
4327:
4322:
4317:
4312:
4307:
4302:
4297:
4295:Generative art
4292:
4287:
4282:
4277:
4272:
4270:Digital poetry
4267:
4262:
4257:
4252:
4247:
4242:
4237:
4235:Computer music
4232:
4227:
4222:
4217:
4211:
4209:
4205:
4204:
4201:
4200:
4198:
4197:
4192:
4187:
4181:
4179:
4175:
4174:
4172:
4171:
4166:
4161:
4160:
4159:
4154:
4153:
4152:
4142:
4131:
4129:
4122:
4118:
4117:
4110:
4109:
4102:
4095:
4087:
4078:
4077:
4075:
4074:
4069:
4063:
4061:
4057:
4056:
4054:
4053:
4048:
4047:
4046:
4041:
4039:cinematography
4031:
4026:
4021:
4020:
4019:
4009:
4008:
4007:
3996:
3994:
3990:
3989:
3987:
3986:
3985:
3984:
3974:
3969:
3964:
3959:
3958:
3957:
3952:
3942:
3937:
3936:
3935:
3930:
3920:
3914:
3912:
3906:
3905:
3903:
3902:
3897:
3892:
3887:
3886:
3885:
3878:Digital signal
3875:
3870:
3865:
3860:
3855:
3853:Digital signal
3849:
3847:
3843:
3842:
3840:
3839:
3833:
3827:
3821:
3815:
3809:
3803:
3797:
3791:
3785:
3780:
3774:
3768:
3762:
3757:
3751:
3745:
3740:
3735:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3715:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3679:
3677:
3671:
3670:
3663:
3662:
3655:
3648:
3640:
3634:
3633:
3626:
3625:External links
3623:
3621:
3620:
3593:
3567:
3538:
3513:
3489:
3472:
3447:
3422:
3394:
3380:
3355:
3330:
3316:
3287:
3262:
3210:
3191:(3): 209–218.
3175:
3154:
3133:
3103:
3077:
3063:. 2012-01-19.
3048:
3022:
2997:
2971:
2941:
2916:
2898:
2884:. 2006-11-29.
2869:
2839:
2820:(4): 266–275.
2804:
2798:978-0415535298
2797:
2779:
2766:
2737:
2707:
2700:
2676:
2647:
2617:
2610:
2590:
2572:
2542:
2507:
2471:
2435:
2380:
2349:
2313:
2300:
2293:
2273:
2244:
2225:(4): 587–593.
2209:
2202:
2182:
2175:
2155:
2125:
2092:
2086:978-1405873666
2085:
2067:
2061:978-0415638630
2060:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1971:
1966:
1965:
1964:
1962:USB microscope
1954:
1949:
1943:
1941:Digital camera
1938:
1932:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1894:
1893:
1886:
1875:
1868:
1861:
1851:
1840:
1834:
1824:
1796:
1795:
1776:
1774:
1767:
1761:
1758:
1733:
1730:
1718:digital images
1702:Main article:
1699:
1696:
1604:
1601:
1562:photofinishing
1530:Konica Minolta
1473:
1470:
1441:
1438:
1423:
1422:
1414:
1413:
1386:Canon EOS-1D X
1374:
1373:
1365:
1364:
1353:
1352:
1347:
1344:
1343:
1342:
1316:
1306:
1286:
1283:
1254:
1253:
1247:
1237:
1231:
1225:
1219:
1213:
1202:
1199:
1185:
1182:
1177:Main article:
1174:
1171:
1139:Secure Digital
1122:
1119:
1118:
1117:
1110:
1093:FinePix S3 Pro
1055:
1052:
996:The number of
993:
990:
989:
988:
982:
952:
939:
896:
895:
886:
885:
877:
876:
875:
874:
873:
856:
853:
806:digital memory
793:
790:
772:) images. The
686:digital memory
678:
675:
672:Digital camera
670:Main article:
667:
666:Digital camera
664:
464:Russell Kirsch
453:Russell Kirsch
433:
430:
374:space industry
237:photodetectors
183:
182:
165:
164:
145:
143:
136:
129:
128:
83:
81:
74:
69:
43:
42:
40:
33:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6276:
6265:
6262:
6261:
6259:
6244:
6235:
6233:
6224:
6223:
6220:
6214:
6211:
6209:
6206:
6204:
6201:
6197:
6194:
6192:
6189:
6188:
6187:
6184:
6183:
6181:
6177:
6169:
6166:
6164:
6161:
6159:
6156:
6154:
6151:
6150:
6149:
6148:Photographers
6146:
6144:
6141:
6139:
6136:
6134:
6131:
6130:
6128:
6124:
6118:
6115:
6113:
6110:
6108:
6105:
6103:
6100:
6098:
6095:
6093:
6090:
6088:
6085:
6083:
6080:
6078:
6075:
6073:
6070:
6068:
6065:
6063:
6060:
6058:
6055:
6053:
6050:
6048:
6045:
6043:
6042:Bleach bypass
6040:
6039:
6037:
6035:
6029:
6021:
6018:
6016:
6013:
6011:
6010:primary color
6008:
6006:
6003:
6002:
6001:
5998:
5996:
5995:Reversal film
5993:
5989:
5986:
5985:
5984:
5981:
5980:
5978:
5976:
5972:
5966:
5963:
5961:
5960:Image sharing
5958:
5954:
5951:
5949:
5946:
5944:
5941:
5939:
5936:
5935:
5934:
5931:
5929:
5926:
5924:
5921:
5919:
5916:
5912:
5909:
5907:
5904:
5900:
5897:
5896:
5895:
5892:
5891:
5890:
5887:
5886:
5884:
5882:
5878:
5872:
5869:
5867:
5864:
5862:
5861:United States
5859:
5857:
5854:
5852:
5849:
5847:
5844:
5842:
5839:
5837:
5834:
5832:
5829:
5827:
5824:
5822:
5819:
5817:
5814:
5812:
5809:
5807:
5804:
5802:
5799:
5797:
5794:
5792:
5789:
5787:
5784:
5782:
5779:
5777:
5774:
5772:
5769:
5768:
5766:
5762:
5756:
5753:
5751:
5748:
5746:
5743:
5741:
5738:
5736:
5733:
5731:
5728:
5726:
5723:
5721:
5720:Daguerreotype
5718:
5716:
5713:
5711:
5708:
5706:
5703:
5701:
5698:
5696:
5693:
5691:
5688:
5686:
5683:
5682:
5680:
5678:
5674:
5668:
5665:
5663:
5660:
5658:
5655:
5653:
5650:
5648:
5645:
5643:
5640:
5638:
5635:
5634:
5632:
5630:
5626:
5620:
5617:
5615:
5612:
5610:
5607:
5605:
5602:
5600:
5597:
5593:
5590:
5589:
5588:
5585:
5583:
5580:
5576:
5573:
5572:
5571:
5568:
5566:
5565:Stopping down
5563:
5561:
5558:
5556:
5553:
5551:
5548:
5546:
5543:
5541:
5538:
5536:
5533:
5531:
5530:Rephotography
5528:
5526:
5523:
5521:
5518:
5516:
5513:
5511:
5508:
5506:
5503:
5501:
5498:
5496:
5493:
5491:
5488:
5486:
5483:
5481:
5478:
5476:
5473:
5471:
5468:
5466:
5465:Long-exposure
5463:
5461:
5458:
5456:
5453:
5451:
5448:
5446:
5443:
5441:
5438:
5436:
5433:
5431:
5428:
5426:
5423:
5421:
5418:
5416:
5413:
5411:
5408:
5406:
5403:
5401:
5398:
5396:
5393:
5391:
5388:
5386:
5383:
5381:
5378:
5376:
5373:
5372:
5370:
5366:
5360:
5357:
5355:
5352:
5350:
5347:
5345:
5342:
5340:
5337:
5335:
5332:
5330:
5327:
5325:
5322:
5320:
5317:
5315:
5312:
5310:
5307:
5303:
5300:
5299:
5298:
5295:
5293:
5290:
5288:
5285:
5283:
5280:
5278:
5275:
5273:
5270:
5268:
5265:
5263:
5260:
5258:
5255:
5253:
5250:
5248:
5245:
5243:
5240:
5238:
5235:
5233:
5230:
5228:
5225:
5223:
5220:
5218:
5215:
5213:
5210:
5208:
5205:
5203:
5200:
5198:
5195:
5193:
5190:
5188:
5185:
5183:
5180:
5178:
5175:
5173:
5170:
5168:
5165:
5163:
5160:
5158:
5157:Architectural
5155:
5153:
5150:
5148:
5145:
5143:
5140:
5139:
5137:
5133:
5127:
5124:
5122:
5119:
5117:
5116:Shutter speed
5114:
5112:
5109:
5107:
5104:
5102:
5099:
5097:
5094:
5090:
5087:
5086:
5085:
5082:
5080:
5077:
5075:
5072:
5070:
5069:Metering mode
5067:
5065:
5062:
5060:
5057:
5055:
5052:
5050:
5047:
5045:
5042:
5038:
5035:
5033:
5030:
5029:
5028:
5025:
5023:
5020:
5018:
5015:
5013:
5010:
5008:
5005:
5003:
5000:
4998:
4995:
4993:
4990:
4988:
4985:
4983:
4982:Color balance
4980:
4978:
4975:
4973:
4970:
4968:
4965:
4963:
4960:
4958:
4955:
4953:
4950:
4948:
4947:Angle of view
4945:
4943:
4940:
4939:
4937:
4933:
4927:
4924:
4920:
4917:
4916:
4915:
4912:
4910:
4907:
4905:
4902:
4900:
4897:
4895:
4894:Manufacturers
4892:
4888:
4885:
4883:
4880:
4878:
4875:
4873:
4870:
4868:
4865:
4863:
4860:
4858:
4855:
4854:
4853:
4850:
4846:
4843:
4841:
4838:
4836:
4833:
4831:
4828:
4826:
4823:
4821:
4818:
4816:
4813:
4811:
4808:
4806:
4803:
4802:
4801:
4798:
4796:
4793:
4789:
4786:
4784:
4781:
4779:
4776:
4774:
4771:
4769:
4766:
4764:
4761:
4760:
4759:
4756:
4754:
4751:
4747:
4744:
4742:
4739:
4738:
4737:
4734:
4730:
4727:
4725:
4722:
4720:
4717:
4715:
4712:
4710:
4707:
4705:
4702:
4700:
4697:
4695:
4692:
4690:
4687:
4685:
4682:
4680:
4677:
4675:
4672:
4670:
4667:
4666:
4665:
4662:
4661:
4659:
4655:
4651:
4644:
4639:
4637:
4632:
4630:
4625:
4624:
4621:
4609:
4606:
4604:
4601:
4599:
4596:
4594:
4591:
4589:
4586:
4584:
4581:
4579:
4576:
4574:
4571:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4560:
4558:
4554:Organizations
4552:
4546:
4545:
4541:
4539:
4538:
4534:
4532:
4531:
4527:
4525:
4524:Barnsley fern
4522:
4520:
4519:
4515:
4514:
4512:
4508:
4502:
4499:
4497:
4494:
4492:
4489:
4487:
4484:
4482:
4479:
4477:
4474:
4472:
4471:Trevor Paglen
4469:
4467:
4464:
4462:
4461:Eric Millikin
4459:
4457:
4456:Mauro Martino
4454:
4452:
4449:
4447:
4444:
4442:
4439:
4437:
4434:
4432:
4429:
4427:
4424:
4422:
4419:
4417:
4414:
4412:
4409:
4407:
4404:
4402:
4401:Sougwen Chung
4399:
4397:
4396:Cory Arcangel
4394:
4392:
4389:
4388:
4386:
4382:
4376:
4373:
4371:
4368:
4366:
4363:
4361:
4358:
4356:
4353:
4351:
4348:
4346:
4343:
4341:
4338:
4336:
4333:
4331:
4328:
4326:
4323:
4321:
4318:
4316:
4313:
4311:
4308:
4306:
4303:
4301:
4298:
4296:
4293:
4291:
4288:
4286:
4283:
4281:
4278:
4276:
4273:
4271:
4268:
4266:
4263:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4253:
4251:
4248:
4246:
4243:
4241:
4238:
4236:
4233:
4231:
4228:
4226:
4223:
4221:
4218:
4216:
4213:
4212:
4210:
4206:
4196:
4193:
4191:
4188:
4186:
4183:
4182:
4180:
4176:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4162:
4158:
4155:
4151:
4148:
4147:
4146:
4143:
4141:
4138:
4137:
4136:
4133:
4132:
4130:
4126:
4123:
4119:
4115:
4108:
4103:
4101:
4096:
4094:
4089:
4088:
4085:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4067:Metastability
4065:
4064:
4062:
4060:Design issues
4058:
4052:
4049:
4045:
4042:
4040:
4037:
4036:
4035:
4034:Digital video
4032:
4030:
4027:
4025:
4022:
4018:
4015:
4014:
4013:
4012:Digital audio
4010:
4006:
4003:
4002:
4001:
3998:
3997:
3995:
3991:
3983:
3980:
3979:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3960:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3947:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3925:
3924:
3921:
3919:
3916:
3915:
3913:
3911:
3907:
3901:
3898:
3896:
3893:
3891:
3888:
3884:
3881:
3880:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3866:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3851:
3850:
3848:
3844:
3837:
3834:
3831:
3828:
3825:
3822:
3819:
3816:
3813:
3810:
3807:
3804:
3801:
3798:
3795:
3792:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3778:
3775:
3772:
3769:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3755:
3752:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3680:
3678:
3676:
3672:
3668:
3661:
3656:
3654:
3649:
3647:
3642:
3641:
3638:
3632:
3629:
3628:
3613:September 29,
3608:
3604:
3597:
3583:on 2007-04-29
3582:
3578:
3571:
3557:on 2007-02-05
3556:
3552:
3548:
3542:
3528:
3524:
3517:
3503:
3499:
3493:
3485:
3479:
3477:
3462:
3458:
3451:
3437:
3433:
3426:
3412:
3408:
3401:
3399:
3390:
3384:
3370:
3366:
3359:
3345:
3341:
3334:
3326:
3320:
3312:
3306:
3298:
3294:
3290:
3284:
3280:
3279:
3271:
3269:
3267:
3258:
3254:
3250:
3246:
3242:
3238:
3234:
3230:
3226:
3219:
3217:
3215:
3206:
3202:
3198:
3194:
3190:
3186:
3179:
3172:
3168:
3164:
3158:
3151:
3147:
3143:
3137:
3123:on 2007-09-28
3122:
3118:
3114:
3107:
3091:
3087:
3081:
3066:
3062:
3058:
3052:
3037:
3033:
3026:
3012:on 2007-02-23
3011:
3007:
3001:
2986:
2982:
2975:
2959:
2955:
2951:
2945:
2930:
2926:
2920:
2914:
2910:
2907:
2902:
2887:
2883:
2882:HowStuffWorks
2879:
2873:
2857:
2853:
2849:
2843:
2835:
2831:
2827:
2823:
2819:
2815:
2808:
2800:
2794:
2790:
2783:
2776:
2770:
2755:
2751:
2747:
2741:
2725:
2721:
2717:
2711:
2703:
2701:9781118080238
2697:
2693:
2689:
2688:
2680:
2665:
2661:
2657:
2651:
2636:
2632:
2628:
2621:
2613:
2607:
2603:
2602:
2594:
2586:
2582:
2576:
2560:
2556:
2552:
2546:
2530:
2526:
2525:
2520:
2514:
2512:
2495:
2491:
2487:
2486:
2481:
2475:
2456:
2452:
2445:
2439:
2424:
2420:
2416:
2412:
2408:
2404:
2400:
2399:
2394:
2390:
2384:
2368:
2364:
2360:
2353:
2334:
2330:
2323:
2317:
2310:
2304:
2296:
2290:
2286:
2285:
2277:
2262:
2258:
2254:
2248:
2240:
2236:
2232:
2228:
2224:
2220:
2213:
2205:
2203:9783319490885
2199:
2195:
2194:
2186:
2178:
2172:
2168:
2167:
2159:
2144:
2140:
2136:
2129:
2114:
2110:
2106:
2102:
2101:Nuwer, Rachel
2096:
2088:
2082:
2078:
2071:
2063:
2057:
2053:
2046:
2042:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1963:
1960:
1959:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1947:image editing
1944:
1942:
1939:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1912:
1905:
1903:
1899:
1890:
1887:
1884:
1883:oil paintings
1880:
1876:
1873:
1869:
1866:
1862:
1859:
1855:
1852:
1849:
1844:
1841:
1838:
1835:
1832:
1828:
1825:
1822:
1818:
1814:
1811:
1810:
1809:
1806:
1802:
1792:
1780:
1775:
1766:
1765:
1757:
1754:
1750:
1746:
1738:
1729:
1725:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1705:
1695:
1693:
1688:
1686:
1683:, as well as
1682:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1654:
1649:
1646:
1642:
1636:
1634:
1629:
1625:
1624:Camera phones
1621:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1603:Social impact
1600:
1598:
1597:canvas prints
1594:
1589:
1587:
1583:
1574:
1569:
1565:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1542:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1502:
1498:
1496:
1492:
1487:
1485:
1479:
1472:Market impact
1469:
1465:
1463:
1458:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1437:
1434:
1430:
1428:
1420:
1419:
1418:
1411:
1410:
1409:
1408:can be used.
1407:
1406:storage media
1403:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1371:
1370:
1369:
1362:
1361:
1360:
1358:
1350:
1349:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1317:
1314:
1310:
1307:
1304:
1300:
1299:Bayer pattern
1296:
1292:
1289:
1288:
1282:
1281:-based SLRs.
1280:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1251:
1248:
1245:
1241:
1238:
1235:
1232:
1229:
1226:
1223:
1220:
1217:
1214:
1211:
1208:
1207:
1206:
1198:
1196:
1192:
1180:
1170:
1168:
1163:
1161:
1155:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1127:camera phones
1115:
1111:
1108:
1107:
1106:
1104:
1100:
1098:
1094:
1088:
1085:
1081:
1080:underexposure
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1060:dynamic range
1054:Dynamic range
1051:
1047:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1032:image sensors
1029:
1024:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
999:
986:
983:
980:
976:
972:
968:
964:
960:
956:
953:
951:
950:reversal film
947:
946:negative film
943:
940:
937:
936:Lens (optics)
933:
929:
925:
924:Lens quality:
922:
921:
920:
917:
915:
904:
900:
890:
881:
872:
870:
866:
862:
852:
848:
846:
842:
838:
834:
830:
826:
821:
819:
815:
811:
807:
803:
799:
789:
787:
786:multispectral
783:
779:
775:
771:
767:
763:
759:
752:
747:
743:
741:
737:
733:
732:Bayer pattern
729:
725:
721:
716:
714:
710:
706:
701:
699:
695:
692:measures the
691:
687:
683:
682:Image sensors
673:
663:
661:
657:
653:
649:
645:
641:
636:
632:
629:
624:
620:
615:
613:
608:
604:
603:Eastman Kodak
600:
599:Steven Sasson
595:
593:
589:
585:
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
560:
558:
554:
553:
548:
544:
540:
535:
533:
528:
526:
521:
517:
513:
508:
506:
502:
498:
493:
489:
485:
481:
477:
473:
465:
460:
456:
454:
450:
449:digital image
443:
439:
429:
427:
423:
419:
415:
410:
405:
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
375:
370:
368:
367:camera phones
364:
360:
356:
355:sprung levers
352:
348:
343:
339:
335:
331:
326:
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
303:
301:
300:photoelectric
297:
293:
289:
284:
282:
278:
277:visible light
274:
270:
266:
262:
261:computer file
258:
254:
250:
247:focused by a
246:
242:
238:
235:
231:
227:
220:
216:
209:
205:
198:
194:
189:
179:
176:
161:
149:
144:
135:
134:
125:
122:
114:
104:
100:
96:
90:
89:
84:This article
82:
73:
72:
67:
65:
58:
57:
52:
51:
46:
41:
32:
31:
19:
6208:Polaroid art
6102:K-14 process
6097:Instant film
6092:Gum printing
6047:C-41 process
6032:Photographic
5933:Image sensor
5928:Film scanner
5880:
5582:Sun printing
5515:Print toning
5302:space selfie
5272:Pictorialism
5202:Ethnographic
5182:Conservation
5054:Guide number
5049:Focal length
4542:
4535:
4528:
4516:
4406:Harold Cohen
4391:Refik Anadol
4360:Software art
4330:Internet art
4264:
4023:
3993:Applications
3611:. Retrieved
3596:
3585:. Retrieved
3581:the original
3570:
3559:. Retrieved
3555:the original
3547:"Photosynth"
3541:
3530:. Retrieved
3526:
3516:
3505:. Retrieved
3501:
3492:
3464:. Retrieved
3460:
3450:
3439:. Retrieved
3435:
3425:
3414:. Retrieved
3410:
3383:
3372:. Retrieved
3368:
3358:
3347:. Retrieved
3344:Canon Europe
3343:
3333:
3319:
3277:
3235:(1): 57–76.
3232:
3228:
3188:
3184:
3178:
3170:
3166:
3162:
3157:
3149:
3145:
3141:
3136:
3125:. Retrieved
3121:the original
3106:
3094:. Retrieved
3080:
3069:. Retrieved
3060:
3051:
3040:. Retrieved
3025:
3014:. Retrieved
3010:the original
3000:
2989:. Retrieved
2974:
2962:. Retrieved
2953:
2944:
2933:. Retrieved
2919:
2901:
2890:. Retrieved
2881:
2872:
2860:. Retrieved
2851:
2842:
2817:
2813:
2807:
2788:
2782:
2774:
2769:
2758:. Retrieved
2749:
2740:
2730:17 September
2728:. Retrieved
2719:
2710:
2686:
2679:
2668:. Retrieved
2659:
2650:
2639:. Retrieved
2630:
2620:
2600:
2593:
2585:the original
2575:
2565:17 September
2563:. Retrieved
2554:
2545:
2535:13 September
2533:. Retrieved
2524:The Atlantic
2522:
2498:. Retrieved
2494:the original
2483:
2474:
2462:. Retrieved
2438:
2427:. Retrieved
2402:
2396:
2389:Ahmed, Nasir
2383:
2371:. Retrieved
2362:
2352:
2340:. Retrieved
2333:the original
2328:
2316:
2308:
2303:
2283:
2276:
2265:. Retrieved
2256:
2247:
2222:
2218:
2212:
2192:
2185:
2165:
2158:
2147:. Retrieved
2138:
2128:
2117:. Retrieved
2108:
2095:
2076:
2070:
2051:
2045:
2031:3D camcorder
1895:
1877:An object's
1807:
1803:
1799:
1789:January 2023
1786:
1778:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1726:
1707:
1689:
1650:
1645:Scrapbookers
1637:
1635:technology.
1622:
1610:photoshopped
1606:
1590:
1578:
1546:Agfa-Gevaert
1543:
1503:
1499:
1488:
1481:
1466:
1459:
1446:aspect ratio
1443:
1435:
1431:
1424:
1415:
1375:
1366:
1363:Speed of use
1354:
1318:
1308:
1290:
1255:
1249:
1239:
1233:
1227:
1221:
1215:
1209:
1204:
1187:
1164:
1156:
1143:CompactFlash
1135:flash memory
1131:memory cards
1124:
1101:
1089:
1084:tone mapping
1072:overexposure
1057:
1048:
1036:Bayer sensor
1025:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1000:
995:
992:Pixel counts
984:
954:
941:
926:resolution,
923:
918:
910:
858:
849:
841:flash memory
822:
814:floppy disks
798:linear array
795:
778:sepia toning
764:viewing, or
755:
717:
702:
690:sensor array
680:
648:social media
640:camera phone
637:
633:
616:
596:
561:
557:image sensor
550:
542:
536:
524:
509:
469:
445:
414:social media
406:
398:image sensor
386:image sensor
371:
327:
304:
285:
225:
224:
171:
155:
147:
117:
108:
85:
61:
54:
48:
47:Please help
44:
6213:Stereoscopy
6077:E-6 process
6072:Dye coupler
6005:color space
5918:Digiscoping
5911:camera back
5826:Philippines
5755:Visual arts
5745:Glass plate
5730:Heliography
5629:Composition
5604:Ultraviolet
5560:Stereoscopy
5555:Slow motion
5540:Scanography
5455:Kite aerial
5395:Contre-jour
5287:Post-mortem
5277:Pornography
5257:Neues Sehen
5192:Documentary
5126:Zone System
5101:Reciprocity
5027:Film format
4957:Backscatter
4935:Terminology
4805:beauty dish
4704:rangefinder
4669:light-field
4650:Photography
4593:Lumen Prize
4481:Anna Ridler
4411:Char Davies
4375:Virtual art
4365:Systems art
4290:Fractal art
4157:3D graphics
4145:2D graphics
4114:Digital art
3723:Memory cell
2109:Smithsonian
1854:Motion blur
1831:3D Panorama
1722:Scanography
1710:digital art
1681:PhotoBucket
1663:house band
1628:smartphones
1586:form factor
1582:smartphones
1573:form factor
1382:frame rates
1303:granularity
1268:(DSLRs) by
1191:smartphones
1097:photodiodes
1044:demosaicing
1028:pixel count
985:Processing:
971:film format
944:CMOS, CCD,
914:image noise
899:pixel count
861:Pixel count
810:memory card
720:color space
652:cell phones
576:Nasir Ahmed
532:solid state
363:touchscreen
338:servomotors
288:photographs
158:August 2015
111:August 2015
6203:Lomography
6034:processing
5983:Print film
5899:comparison
5866:Uzbekistan
5816:Luxembourg
5776:Bangladesh
5725:Dufaycolor
5705:Box camera
5662:Simplicity
5619:Zoom burst
5614:Xerography
5609:Vignetting
5599:Time-lapse
5587:Tilt–shift
5480:Mordançage
5470:Luminogram
5435:Holography
5430:High-speed
5410:Fill flash
5390:Burst mode
5368:Techniques
5349:Vernacular
5344:Underwater
5339:Toy camera
5319:Still life
5247:Monochrome
5237:High-speed
5187:Cloudscape
5177:Conceptual
5079:Photograph
5064:Lens flare
5044:Film speed
4926:Zone plate
4872:wide-angle
4857:long-focus
4598:onedotzero
4476:Casey Reas
4421:Jake Elwes
4355:Render art
4315:Glitch art
4240:Crypto art
4169:3D printer
4072:Runt pulse
4044:television
3738:Logic gate
3683:Transistor
3675:Components
3587:2007-04-03
3561:2007-04-03
3532:2024-05-29
3527:Contrastly
3507:2024-05-29
3466:2024-05-29
3441:2024-05-29
3416:2024-05-29
3374:2024-05-29
3349:2024-05-29
3297:1031408520
3281:. London.
3127:2007-04-03
3071:2017-03-05
3042:2007-04-03
3016:2007-04-03
2991:2007-04-03
2935:2020-01-20
2892:2016-10-11
2760:2012-02-22
2670:2017-11-19
2641:2017-11-19
2429:2019-09-14
2405:(1): 4–5.
2329:NASA Facts
2294:1782664882
2267:2017-11-19
2149:2017-11-19
2119:2017-11-19
2038:References
1667:). Today,
1614:slide film
1522:Nikon FM10
1476:See also:
1372:Frame rate
1357:film grain
1279:35 mm film
1274:megapixels
1160:burst mode
1114:bracketing
1068:Highlights
1064:luminosity
1005:resolution
932:dispersion
928:distortion
865:megapixels
833:camcorders
829:PictBridge
766:high speed
617:The first
234:electronic
208:Nikon D700
95:improve it
50:improve it
6153:Norwegian
6117:Stop bath
6062:Developer
5690:Ambrotype
5652:Lead room
5575:Slit-scan
5510:Photogram
5505:Panoramic
5415:Fireworks
5400:Cyanotype
5242:Landscape
4887:telephoto
4835:reflector
4830:monolight
4825:lens hood
4810:cucoloris
4746:safelight
4657:Equipment
4563:Artfutura
4491:Karl Sims
4350:Pixel art
4320:Immersion
4245:Cyberarts
4225:ASCII art
3928:Placement
3718:Flip-flop
3698:Capacitor
3436:TechRadar
3411:TechRadar
3305:cite book
3257:220732859
3249:1470-3572
3205:190744228
2656:"History"
2631:Lens Blog
1925:Camcorder
1863:Advanced
1848:exposures
1813:3D models
1714:media art
1633:Bluetooth
1378:Canon F-1
1210:Immediacy
1195:web pages
837:videotape
770:grayscale
762:low light
694:intensity
570:(DCT), a
512:Mariner 4
507:in 2009.
492:fabricate
488:capacitor
382:telemetry
315:real-time
257:digitized
99:verifying
56:talk page
6258:Category
6232:Category
5938:CMOS APS
5836:Slovenia
5764:Regional
5710:Calotype
5647:Headroom
5525:Redscale
5440:Infrared
5385:Brenizer
5359:Wildlife
5282:Portrait
5227:Forensic
5217:Fine-art
5152:Aircraft
5142:Abstract
5022:F-number
5002:Exposure
4977:Clipping
4952:Aperture
4820:hot shoe
4741:enlarger
4736:Darkroom
4603:SIGGRAPH
4568:Artmedia
4426:David Em
4215:Art game
4178:Software
4135:Computer
4128:Hardware
3693:Inductor
3688:Resistor
3607:Archived
3502:DPReview
3117:PC World
3090:Archived
3065:Archived
3036:Archived
2985:Archived
2964:27 March
2958:Archived
2954:Macworld
2929:Archived
2909:Archived
2886:Archived
2862:27 March
2856:Archived
2754:Archived
2724:Archived
2664:Archived
2635:Archived
2559:Archived
2529:Archived
2500:5 August
2490:BT Group
2455:Archived
2423:Archived
2373:27 March
2367:Archived
2363:BBC News
2342:2 August
2287:. NASA.
2261:Archived
2143:Archived
2113:Archived
1945:Digital
1930:Chimping
1908:See also
1898:Canon 7D
1671:such as
1526:Nikon F6
1394:Nikon D5
1390:Nikon F5
1341:markets.
1339:prosumer
1313:Leica M2
1295:aliasing
1291:Aliasing
1147:XQD card
979:120 film
975:135 film
644:Internet
628:Logitech
342:exposure
330:aperture
6243:Outline
6179:Related
5871:Vietnam
5856:Ukraine
5791:Denmark
5771:Albania
5750:Tintype
5677:History
5642:Framing
5535:Rollout
5500:Panning
5450:Kirlian
5354:Wedding
5232:Glamour
5212:Fashion
5197:Eclipse
5167:Banquet
5089:Albumen
4899:Monopod
4877:fisheye
4845:softbox
4694:pinhole
4684:instant
4674:digital
4310:GIF art
3933:Routing
3767:(3D IC)
3169:, EBSCO
3148:, EBSCO
3096:May 10,
2834:1661237
2775:MacWeek
2464:12 July
2407:Bibcode
2227:Bibcode
1815:can be
1779:updated
1753:Filters
1327:defects
1121:Storage
1076:shadows
825:webcams
802:webcams
677:Sensors
660:Samsung
527:Landers
432:History
359:buttons
230:cameras
148:updated
93:Please
6241:
6230:
6163:street
6158:Polish
5851:Turkey
5846:Taiwan
5831:Serbia
5821:Norway
5796:Greece
5781:Canada
5375:Afocal
5334:Street
5314:Sports
5297:Selfie
5252:Nature
5207:Erotic
5172:Candid
5147:Aerial
5135:Genres
5037:medium
4914:Tripod
4882:swivel
4795:Filter
4773:holder
4768:format
4664:Camera
3910:Design
3846:Theory
3832:(ASIC)
3826:(FPOA)
3820:(FPGA)
3814:(CPLD)
3779:(EPLD)
3295:
3285:
3255:
3247:
3203:
2832:
2795:
2716:"1990"
2698:
2608:
2485:BT.com
2291:
2200:
2173:
2083:
2058:
1976:(DPOF)
1679:, and
1677:Picasa
1673:Flickr
1556:, and
1538:Pentax
1402:buffer
998:pixels
818:CD-RWs
525:Viking
440:, and
396:(CCD)
357:, and
319:adjust
255:. The
245:images
6168:women
6126:Lists
6082:Fixer
5965:Pixel
5894:D-SLR
5841:Sudan
5811:Korea
5806:Japan
5801:India
5786:China
5570:Strip
5495:Night
5475:Macro
5380:Bokeh
5324:Stock
5292:Ruins
5032:large
4862:prime
4840:snoot
4800:Flash
4778:stock
4753:Drone
4714:still
4699:press
4689:phone
4679:field
4208:Forms
4164:Xerox
4121:Tools
4017:radio
3838:(TPU)
3808:(GAL)
3802:(PAL)
3796:(PLD)
3790:(PLA)
3773:(ECL)
3756:(HIC)
3253:S2CID
3201:S2CID
2830:S2CID
2458:(PDF)
2451:CCITT
2447:(PDF)
2336:(PDF)
2325:(PDF)
1937:(DCF)
1902:gamut
1892:ones.
1865:bokeh
1554:Kodak
1518:Nikon
1510:Kodak
1454:35 mm
1427:gamut
1335:35 mm
1262:Canon
1258:Nikon
1228:Flash
1133:with
1125:Many
1021:w Ă— h
934:(see
804:), a
760:, or
722:like
698:pixel
656:Sharp
623:Nikon
418:email
351:dials
347:rings
334:focus
283:).
267:, or
228:uses
6191:film
5906:MILC
5405:ETTR
5262:Nude
5222:Fire
5121:Sync
4919:head
4867:zoom
4852:Lens
4815:gobo
4763:base
4758:Film
4729:view
4150:2.5D
3750:(IC)
3615:2015
3311:link
3293:OCLC
3283:ISBN
3245:ISSN
3171:host
3150:host
3098:2019
2966:2018
2864:2018
2793:ISBN
2732:2007
2696:ISBN
2606:ISBN
2567:2007
2537:2019
2502:2019
2466:2019
2375:2018
2344:2012
2289:ISBN
2198:ISBN
2171:ISBN
2139:NIST
2081:ISBN
2056:ISBN
1995:Exif
1712:and
1661:CERN
1651:The
1595:and
1558:Agfa
1550:Fuji
1462:HDTV
1260:and
1026:The
967:JPEG
963:TIFF
816:and
709:CMOS
658:and
638:The
612:Sony
584:JPEG
518:and
516:NASA
499:for
478:and
416:and
249:lens
197:DRAM
191:The
5943:CCD
4724:toy
4719:TLR
4709:SLR
4140:CGI
3237:doi
3193:doi
2822:doi
2415:doi
2235:doi
1708:In
1653:web
1484:USD
1398:RAW
1074:);
969:),
959:RAW
839:or
724:RGB
711:or
601:of
520:JPL
97:by
6260::
3605:.
3549:.
3525:.
3500:.
3475:^
3459:.
3434:.
3409:.
3397:^
3367:.
3342:.
3307:}}
3303:{{
3291:.
3265:^
3251:.
3243:.
3231:.
3227:.
3213:^
3199:.
3187:.
3115:.
3059:.
2956:.
2952:.
2927:.
2880:.
2850:.
2828:.
2818:26
2816:.
2752:.
2748:.
2722:.
2718:.
2694:.
2690:.
2662:.
2658:.
2633:.
2629:.
2557:.
2553:.
2521:.
2510:^
2488:.
2482:.
2449:.
2421:.
2413:.
2401:.
2395:.
2365:.
2361:.
2327:.
2259:.
2255:.
2233:.
2223:49
2221:.
2141:.
2137:.
2111:.
2107:.
2103:.
1720:.
1675:,
1552:,
1019:=
977:,
965:,
961:,
948:,
930:,
847:.
812:;
742:.
715:.
646:,
559:.
428:.
404:.
353:,
349:,
221:95
59:.
4642:e
4635:t
4628:v
4106:e
4099:t
4092:v
3659:e
3652:t
3645:v
3617:.
3590:.
3564:.
3535:.
3510:.
3486:.
3469:.
3444:.
3419:.
3391:.
3377:.
3352:.
3327:.
3313:)
3299:.
3259:.
3239::
3233:7
3207:.
3195::
3189:3
3130:.
3100:.
3074:.
3045:.
3019:.
2994:.
2968:.
2938:.
2895:.
2866:.
2836:.
2824::
2801:.
2763:.
2734:.
2704:.
2673:.
2644:.
2614:.
2569:.
2539:.
2504:.
2468:.
2432:.
2417::
2409::
2403:1
2377:.
2346:.
2297:.
2270:.
2241:.
2237::
2229::
2206:.
2179:.
2152:.
2122:.
2089:.
2064:.
1874:.
1791:)
1787:(
1781:.
1017:n
1013:h
1009:w
1007:(
1001:n
973:(
938:)
905:.
178:)
172:(
160:)
156:(
150:.
124:)
118:(
113:)
109:(
91:.
66:)
62:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.