170:. There has also been a major growth in conferences, with not only a continuing series by DRS, but also series such as Design Thinking, Doctoral Education in Design, Design Computing and Cognition, Design and Emotion, the European Academy, the Asian Design Conferences, etc. Design research now operates on an international scale, acknowledged in the cooperation of DRS with the Asian design research societies in the founding in 2005 of the International Association of Societies of Design Research.
27:. The concept has been expanded to include research embedded within the process of design and research-based design practice, research into the cognitive and communal processes of designing, and extending into wider aspects of socio-political, ethical and environmental contexts of design. It retains a sense of generality, recognising design as a creative act common to many fields, and aimed at understanding design processes and practices quite broadly.
141:
exists a designerly way of thinking and communicating that is both different from scientific and scholarly ways of thinking and communicating, and as powerful as scientific and scholarly methods of enquiry when applied to its own kinds of problems’. This view was developed further in a series of papers by
153:
Design research ‘came of age’ in the 1980s, and has continued to expand. This was helped by the development of a research base, including doctoral programmes, within many of the design schools located within new institutions that were previously art colleges, and the emergence of new areas such as
85:
methods and management decision-making techniques, the development of creativity techniques in the 1950s, and the beginnings of computer programs for problem solving in the 1960s. A statement by Bruce Archer encapsulated what was going on: ‘The most fundamental challenge to conventional ideas on
140:
The development of design research has led to the establishment of design as a coherent discipline of study in its own right, based on the view that design has its own things to know and its own ways of knowing them. Bruce Archer again encapsulated the view in stating his new belief that ‘there
149:
promoted the new view within his book The
Reflective Practitioner, in which he challenged the technical rationality of Simon and sought to establish ‘an epistemology of practice implicit in the artistic, intuitive processes which practitioners bring to situations of uncertainty, instability,
110:
developed strongly in the 1980s, for example, through ICED—the series of
International Conferences on Engineering Design, now run by The Design Society. These developments were especially strong in Germany and Japan. In the USA there were also some important developments in design theory and
86:
design has been the growing advocacy of systematic methods of problem solving, borrowed from computer techniques and management theory, for the assessment of design problems and the development of design solutions.’
119:
initiative on design theory and methods led to substantial growth in engineering design research in the late-1980s. A particularly significant development was the emergence of the first journals of design research:
52:
1430:
94:’, which would be ‘a body of intellectually tough, analytic, partly formalizable, partly empirical, teachable doctrine about the design process.’
2111:
112:
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270:
Sanders, E. B. N., & Stappers, P. J. (2014). "Probes, toolkits and prototypes: three approaches to making in codesigning".
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The Design
Research Society has always stated its aim as: ‘to promote the study of and research into the process of
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1989:
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2205:
1758:
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858:
848:
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Hongo, K. and N. Nakajima (1991), Relevant
Features of the Decade 1981-1991 for Theories of Design in Japan,
2011:
1994:
1716:
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991:
907:
880:
35:
Design research emerged as a recognisable field of study in the 1960s, initially marked by a conference on
81:
Some of the origins of design methods and design research lay in the emergence after the 2nd World War of
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870:
116:
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methodology, including the publications of the Design
Methods Group and the series of conferences of the
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51:(one of the initiators of the 1962 conference) founded a postgraduate Design Research Laboratory at the
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was originally constituted as primarily concerned with ways of supporting and improving the process of
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1964:
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Jones, J C and D G Thornley (eds) (1963) Conference on Design
Methods, Oxford, UK: Pergamon Press
301:
44:
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Understanding Your Users: A Practical Guide to User
Requirements Methods, Tools, and Techniques
48:
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Bayazit, N (2004). "Investigating design: a review of forty years of design research".
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101 Design
Methods: A Structured Approach for Driving Innovation in Your Organization
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Koskinen, I., Zimmerman, J., Binder, T., Redstrom, J., & Wensveen, S. (2011).
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311:
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188:
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24:
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468:
Hubka, V. and W. E. Eder (1987), A Scientific
Approach to Engineering Design,
78:, taking a scholarly and domain independent view of the process of designing.
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223:"Demystifying 'design research': design is not research, research is design"
2350:
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1087:
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813:
790:
785:
728:
723:
142:
60:
508:
Archer, Leonard Bruce (1979). "Whatever Became of Design
Methodology?".
405:
2041:
1636:
1415:
1137:
1117:
971:
809:
145:, collected as a book on 'Designerly Ways of Knowing'. Significantly,
74:
in all its many fields’. Its purpose therefore is to act as a form of
2307:
2031:
2016:
1974:
1586:
1146:
986:
102:
Early work was mainly within the domains of architectural design and
272:
CoDesign: International Journal of CoCreation in Design and the Arts
1641:
688:
241:
Design Research Through Practice: From the Lab, Field, and Showroom
2262:
2190:
1930:
800:
444:
2021:
672:
71:
20:
614:
The reflective practitioner: How professionals think in action
63:
founded the postgraduate Department of Design Research at the
733:
154:
interaction design. More new journals have appeared, such as
53:
University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology
1773:
67:, London, becoming the first Professor of Design Research.
641:
400:. Karl Taylor Compton lectures. Cambridge: M.I.T. Press.
496:
Emerging Methods in Environmental Design and Planning.
234:
Design Research: Strategy Setting to Face the Future
216:Design Research Methods: 150 Ways to Inform Design
193:Blessing, L. T. M. & Chakrabarti, A. (2009).
2539:
657:
218:. Topanga, CA: Design Community College Inc.
664:
650:
265:Design Research: Methods and Perspectives
113:Environmental Design Research Association
43:, in 1962. It led to the founding of the
2181:Good Design Award (Museum of Modern Art)
418:Broadbent, G. and A. Ward, (eds) (1969)
374:. London: Council of Industrial Design.
211:. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons.
356:http://www.drs2016.org/exhibition/#ddr1
2540:
507:
366:
200:Baxter, K., & Courage, C. (2005).
2226:
2186:Good Design Award (Chicago Athenaeum)
1929:
1374:
701:
645:
608:
575:
542:
392:
204:. San Francisco, CA: Morgan Kaufmann.
221:Faste, T., & Faste, H. (2012).
90:established the foundations for ‘a
13:
2227:
2130:American Institute of Graphic Arts
209:Developments in Design Methodology
195:DRM, a Design Research Methodology
173:
14:
2564:
2140:Design and Industries Association
433:Systematic Method for Designers.
150:uniqueness and value conflict’.
702:
602:
569:
536:
501:
488:
475:
420:Design Methods in Architecture.
372:Systematic Method for Designers
243:. Waltham, MA: Morgan Kaufmann.
2135:Chartered Society of Designers
1375:
462:
455:Pahl, G. and W. Beitz (1984),
449:
438:
425:
412:
398:The sciences of the artificial
386:
360:
348:
339:
135:
130:Research in Engineering Design
1:
2206:Prince Philip Designers Prize
849:Architectural lighting design
445:https://www.designsociety.org
332:
251:: A New Foundation for Design
97:
2012:Electronic design automation
1995:Virtual home design software
967:Automotive suspension design
522:10.1016/0142-694X(79)90023-1
494:Moore, G. T., (ed.) (1970),
280:10.1080/15710882.2014.888183
253:. Boca Raton, FA: CRC Press.
7:
871:Environmental impact design
285:
267:. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
117:National Science Foundation
10:
2569:
2150:International Forum Design
1520:Engineering design process
671:
578:Designerly Ways of Knowing
545:Designerly ways of knowing
459:London, The Design Council
435:London, The Design Council
354:DRS2016 Online Exhibition
189:10.1162/074793604772933739
160:Journal of Design Research
30:
23:, developing from work in
2485:
2233:
2222:
2163:
2122:
2065:
1955:
1951:
1925:
1381:
1370:
1272:Integrated circuit design
1207:
1194:Stage/set lighting design
1126:
1083:Hardware interface design
1042:
999:Hardware interface design
950:
832:
712:
708:
697:
679:
616:. New York: Basic Books.
246:Krippendorff, K. (2006).
236:. Milan: Abitare Segesta.
2107:Industrial design rights
2095:Fashion design copyright
2007:Design quality indicator
1456:Creative problem-solving
1247:Electrical system design
1103:Sonic interaction design
1014:Photographic lens design
888:Healthy community design
498:Cambridge, MA, MIT Press
394:Simon, Herbert Alexander
232:Höger, H. (ed.) (2008).
229:(Vol. 2012, p. 15).
227:IDSA Education Symposium
207:Cross, N. (ed.) (1984).
2303:New product development
2268:Enterprise architecture
2196:IF Product Design Award
2155:Design Research Society
1707:Reliability engineering
302:Design Research Society
45:Design Research Society
41:Imperial College London
1759:Top-down and bottom-up
1108:User experience design
1009:Packaging and labeling
982:Electric guitar design
920:Landscape architecture
580:. Basel : Birkhäuser.
576:Cross, Nigel (2007) .
422:London, Lund Humphries
49:John Christopher Jones
2288:Innovation management
2171:European Design Award
1937:Intellectual property
1754:Theory of constraints
1717:Responsibility-driven
1557:For manufacturability
1461:Creativity techniques
1299:Nuclear weapon design
1113:User interface design
977:Corrugated box design
898:Interior architecture
543:Cross, Nigel (2006).
431:Archer, L. B. (1965)
368:Archer, Leonard Bruce
260:. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
214:Curedale, R. (2013).
2333:Unintelligent design
2313:Philosophy of design
2027:Design specification
1980:Comprehensive layout
1552:For behaviour change
1525:Probabilistic design
1287:Power network design
824:Visual merchandising
781:Instructional design
759:Postage stamp design
547:. London: Springer.
327:User-centered design
83:operational research
65:Royal College of Art
2253:Creative industries
2176:German Design Award
2085:Design infringement
1970:Architectural model
1309:Organization design
1304:Nucleic acid design
1252:Experimental design
805:Traffic sign design
610:Schön, Donald Schön
457:Engineering Design.
322:Reflective practice
263:Laurel, B. (2003).
197:. London: Springer.
2318:Process simulation
2293:Intelligent design
1617:Intelligence-based
1612:Integrated topside
1542:Framework-oriented
1227:Behavioural design
1098:Information design
776:Information design
297:Contextual inquiry
256:Kumar, V. (2012).
166:and more recently
156:The Design Journal
108:engineering design
2553:Research by field
2535:
2534:
2481:
2480:
2248:Conceptual design
2218:
2217:
2214:
2213:
2201:James Dyson Award
2057:Website wireframe
2047:Technical drawing
1921:
1920:
1769:Transgenerational
1510:Ecological design
1386:Activity-centered
1366:
1365:
1362:
1361:
1344:Spacecraft design
1138:Public art design
1076:Video game design
1054:Experience design
1024:Production design
1004:Motorcycle design
962:Automotive design
866:Ecological design
744:Film title design
623:978-0-465-06874-6
587:978-3-7643-8484-5
554:978-1-84628-300-0
249:The Semantic Turn
104:industrial design
92:science of design
2560:
2527:
2520:
2513:
2506:
2499:
2492:
2224:
2223:
2101:Geschmacksmuster
2075:Community design
1953:
1952:
1927:
1926:
1687:Process-centered
1483:Design–bid–build
1451:Cradle-to-cradle
1431:Concept-oriented
1372:
1371:
1349:Strategic design
1319:Processor design
1294:Mechanism design
1262:Geometric design
1222:Algorithm design
1162:Jewellery design
1093:Immersive design
987:Furniture design
932:Landscape design
710:
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183:, 20(1), 16–29.
88:Herbert A. Simon
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2538:
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2477:
2278:Futures studies
2229:
2210:
2159:
2118:
2067:
2061:
1947:
1946:
1917:
1823:Value sensitive
1813:User innovation
1692:Public interest
1657:Object-oriented
1377:
1358:
1339:Software design
1329:Research design
1282:Physical design
1237:Database design
1211:
1209:
1203:
1179:Property design
1174:Game art design
1128:
1122:
1045:
1038:
953:
946:
903:Interior design
854:Building design
835:
828:
715:
704:
693:
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344:
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292:Action research
288:
274:, 10(1), 5–14.
176:
174:Further reading
138:
100:
76:learned society
57:L. Bruce Archer
47:(DRS) in 1966.
33:
17:Design research
12:
11:
5:
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2343:Wicked problem
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2228:Related topics
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2145:Design Council
2142:
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2112:European Union
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1798:
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1791:Usage-centered
1788:
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1784:Design for All
1776:
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1766:
1764:Transformation
1761:
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1712:Research-based
1709:
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1677:Platform-based
1674:
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1627:KISS principle
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1569:
1564:
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1544:
1539:
1537:Fault-tolerant
1534:
1532:Error-tolerant
1529:
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1517:
1515:Energy neutral
1512:
1507:
1502:
1497:
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1471:Design fiction
1463:
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1354:Systems design
1351:
1346:
1341:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1324:Protein design
1321:
1316:
1314:Process design
1311:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1290:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1277:Circuit design
1269:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1218:
1216:
1205:
1204:
1202:
1201:
1199:Textile design
1196:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1176:
1171:
1166:
1165:
1164:
1159:
1157:Costume design
1152:Fashion design
1149:
1140:
1134:
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1123:
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1120:
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1095:
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1080:
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1078:
1073:
1063:
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1061:
1050:
1048:
1040:
1039:
1037:
1036:
1034:Service design
1031:
1029:Sensory design
1026:
1021:
1019:Product design
1016:
1011:
1006:
1001:
996:
995:
994:
984:
979:
974:
969:
964:
958:
956:
948:
947:
945:
944:
939:
937:Spatial design
934:
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106:. Research in
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37:Design methods
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2371:architectural
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2258:Cultural icon
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2123:Organizations
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2090:Design patent
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2080:Design around
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1801:User-centered
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1562:For Six Sigma
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834:Environmental
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714:Communication
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485:12(4):209-214
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317:Design theory
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181:Design Issues
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133:
131:
128:in 1984, and
127:
126:Design Issues
123:
118:
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95:
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84:
79:
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73:
68:
66:
62:
59:supported by
58:
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50:
46:
42:
38:
28:
26:
22:
18:
2328:STEAM fields
2298:Lean startup
2283:Indie design
2099:
2066:Intellectual
1887:
1818:Value-driven
1796:Use-centered
1702:Regenerative
1682:Policy-based
1642:Mind mapping
1547:For assembly
1488:Design–build
1406:By committee
1391:Adaptive web
1189:Sound design
1147:glass design
1145: /
1130:applied arts
1071:Level design
942:Urban design
893:Hotel design
844:Architecture
819:Video design
812: /
803: /
771:Illustration
764:Print design
734:Brand design
613:
604:
577:
571:
544:
538:
516:(1): 17–20.
513:
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477:
472:8(3):123-137
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159:
155:
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147:Donald Schön
139:
129:
125:
121:
101:
80:
69:
34:
16:
15:
2366:competition
2323:Slow design
2273:Form factor
2243:Concept art
2052:HTML editor
1732:Sustainable
1567:For testing
1411:By contract
1267:Work design
1242:Drug design
1214:engineering
1088:Icon design
1066:Game design
1044:Interaction
992:Sustainable
925:Sustainable
814:Type design
791:Photography
786:News design
729:Book design
724:Advertising
703:Disciplines
143:Nigel Cross
136:Development
61:Misha Black
2542:Categories
2526:Wiktionary
2519:Wikisource
2473:technology
2443:principles
2042:Storyboard
1868:management
1863:leadership
1828:Privacy by
1667:Parametric
1637:Metadesign
1607:Integrated
1597:High-level
1582:Generative
1577:Functional
1446:Continuous
1441:Contextual
1416:C-K theory
1376:Approaches
1118:Web design
972:CMF design
952:Industrial
810:Typography
333:References
98:Early work
2512:Wikiquote
2498:Wikibooks
2448:rationale
2413:knowledge
2388:education
2308:OODA loop
2032:Prototype
2017:Flowchart
1975:Blueprint
1843:computing
1779:Universal
1727:Safe-life
1632:Low-level
1622:Iterative
1602:Inclusive
1587:Geodesign
1478:Defensive
1426:Co-design
1396:Affective
596:255922654
530:0142-694X
132:in 1989.
124:in 1979,
72:designing
2505:Wikinews
2438:paradigm
2418:language
2398:engineer
2393:elements
2383:director
2068:property
1913:thinking
1903:strategy
1888:research
1848:controls
1806:Empathic
1737:Systemic
1697:Rational
1652:New Wave
1466:Critical
689:Designer
612:(1983).
563:63186849
396:(1969).
370:(1965).
286:See also
164:CoDesign
2491:Commons
2463:studies
2408:history
2376:student
2361:classic
2349:Design
2263:.design
2191:Graphex
1893:science
1883:pattern
1878:methods
1853:culture
1836:Design
1647:Modular
1500:Diffuse
1421:Closure
1143:Ceramic
801:Signage
684:Outline
632:8709452
380:2108433
31:Origins
2548:Design
2468:studio
2453:review
2433:museum
2356:change
2164:Awards
2037:Sketch
2022:Mockup
2002:CAutoD
1943:Awards
1908:theory
1898:sprint
1873:marker
1838:choice
1212:&
1210:design
1046:design
954:design
836:design
754:Motion
716:design
673:Design
630:
620:
594:
584:
561:
551:
528:
404:
378:
115:. The
55:, and
21:design
2351:brief
2238:Agile
1957:Tools
1934:Tools
1572:For X
1208:Other
1127:Other
225:. In
158:, the
2428:load
2423:life
2403:firm
1990:CAID
1858:flow
1774:TRIZ
1662:Open
628:OCLC
618:ISBN
592:OCLC
582:ISBN
559:OCLC
549:ISBN
526:ISSN
406:4087
402:OCLC
376:OCLC
1985:CAD
1965:AAD
1742:SOD
1722:RWD
1592:HCD
1059:EED
908:EID
518:doi
276:doi
185:doi
39:at
2544::
626:.
590:.
557:.
524:.
512:.
162:,
665:e
658:t
651:v
634:.
598:.
565:.
532:.
520::
514:1
408:.
382:.
278::
187::
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