636:. He worked alongside lawyers, activists, and legal scholars across the country. Much of his legal scholarship was influenced by his experience both as a Black man and as a civil rights attorney. Writing in a narrative style, Bell contributed to the intellectual discussions on race. According to Bell, his purpose in writing was to examine the racial issues within the context of their economic and social, and political dimensions from a legal standpoint. In addition to this, Bell's critical race theory was eventually branched off into more theories, describing the hardships of other groups, such as AsianCrit (Asian), FemCrit (Women), LatCrit (Latino), TribalCrit (American Indian), and WhiteCrit (White). His theories were based on a number of propositions.
740:. He discussed the legal doctrine through his outsider narrative scholarship. He would conclude that the rule of law "sought to convey an objectivity that may exist in theory but is impossible in the real world". In his narrative stories, he would create hypothetical legal doctrines that put forth the idea that racism is a permanent neutral principle. In doing so, he called “the nation to repent”, rather than having policymakers listen to him or change policies. His deconstructionist legal doctrine would include an “interest-convergence thesis” which assumed that the U.S. legal system would adapt legal doctrines meant to remedy Black injustices only when the doctrine would further benefit the interests of whites. In his doctrine, he also critiqued
533:. The controversy focused on a 1990 video of Obama praising Bell at a protest by Harvard Law School students over the perceived lack of diversity in the school's faculty. Bell's widow stated that Bell and Obama had "very little contact" after Obama's law school graduation. She said that as far as she remembered, "He never had contact with the president as president." An examination of Senior Lecturer Obama's syllabus for his course on race and law at the University of Chicago revealed significant differences between Obama's perspective and that of Derrick Bell, even as Obama drew on major writings of critical race theory.
40:
829:. Bell was also honored with the renaming of the school's community law clinic that provides legal assistance to local low-income residents to the Derrick Bell Community Legal Clinic. Two fellowship positions within the school are also named for Bell. There continues to be lectures regarding Bell's teachings and concepts at NYU Law School, and Harvard Law School. They discuss Bell's teachings of racism in America and explore the future of race relations and racial justice in the United States. Many have connected his teachings to the police brutality and
305:, Bell took a position with the newly formed Department of Justice in the Honor Graduate Recruitment Program. Due to his interests in racial issues, he transferred to the Civil Rights Division. He was one of the few Black lawyers working for the Justice Department at the time. Bell was the first academic in law that created a casebook that explored and examined the law's impact and relationship on race and racism. Along with this he examined how race and racism shaped law-making, during a time when connecting these ideas was not considered legitimate.
894:
874:
851:
467:
388:. Bell worked towards the creation of what he considered a more inclusive faculty within institutions such as USC, Harvard, and NYU. Bell was known to be respectful of all beliefs and his class was described by his students to be the "least indoctrinated class" in their law school. Bell would give his students freedom to reach their own conclusions and to build their own arguments that could be reasonable, despite their political beliefs.
495:. Bell staged a five-day sit-in in his office. The goal was to protest the school's failure to grant tenure to two professors on staff, both of whose work promoted CRT. The sit-in was widely supported by students, but divided the faculty, as Harvard administrators claimed the professors were denied tenure for substandard scholarship and teaching.
683:, paradigmatic kinship, the historical origins and shifting paradigmatic vision of CRT, and, according to it, how in-depth legal studies show law serve the interests of the powerful groups in society. Microaggressions are subtle insults (verbal, nonverbal, and/or visual) directed toward people of color, often automatically or unconsciously.
589:
students at predominantly white institutions. Consequently, Bell comes to the conclusion that
American educational systems should focus on improving the quality of education for Black students, as opposed to, national integration. His early work on education contributed to his creation of critical race theory, alongside
340:
where during his trips to the state, he had to be very cautious. For example, once while in
Jackson, he was arrested for using a white-only phone booth. After returning to NY, "Marshall mordantly joked that, if he got himself killed in Mississippi, the L.D.F. would use his funeral as a fund-raiser."
487:
During the summer of 1981, under the auspices of a grant from the
National Endowment for the Humanities, Bell conducted a multi-week seminar in Race Relations Law for 14 lawyers and judges from across Oregon. The University of Oregon School of Law was not the only place Bell fought to create a more
448:
began in 1991. After his two-year leave of absence, his position at
Harvard ended and he remained at NYU where he continued to write and lecture on issues of race and civil rights. He related these issues to music in a book of parables and introduced the Bell Annual Gospel Choir Concert, which is a
588:
and racial segregation. Additionally, it had to do with the concern of the white elite that the United States would lose the battle to communism, and tarnish their reputation and global influence. The injustices initially set by segregation were not undone but, instead created new issues for Black
583:
case prompted Bell's interest in studying racial issues within the education system. This was due to the
Supreme Courts decision and its evident lack of progress for Black students. During the 70s, Bell studied and wrote about the effects of desegregation noting that this decision was not due to a
498:
In 1990, Harvard Law School had 60 tenured professors. Three of them were Black men and five were women; none of these women were
African-American. Displeased with this dearth of diversity among the faculty, Bell decided to protest with an unpaid leave of absence. Students supported the move which
435:
In 1980, Bell started a five-year tenure as the Dean of the
University of Oregon School of Law. There, he also taught a course on "Race, Racism and the Law" using his textbook of the same name. Later, Bell's tenure was interrupted by his resignation following a protest, due to the university's
818:, said, 'For more than 20 years, the law school community has been profoundly shaped by Derrick's unwavering passion for civil rights and community justice, and his leadership as a scholar, teacher, and activist.'" He reportedly "loved" his students and taught up to the week before his death.
513:
in 1991. After two years, Harvard had still not hired any minority women, and Bell requested an extension of his leave, which the school refused, thereby ending his tenure. It was not until later in 1998, Harvard Law hired a civil rights attorney and U.S. assistant attorney general nominee
505:
Bell's protest at
Harvard provoked angry criticism and backlash. Opposing Harvard Law faculty called him "a media manipulator who unfairly attacked the school," noting that other people had accused him of "depriv students of an education while he makes money on the lecture circuit."
289:
where he was the only Black graduate of his class. In 1960, Bell married Jewel
Hairston who was also a Civil Rights activist and educator and they would go on to have three sons: Derrick, Douglas, and Carter. They were married until Jewel died in 1990. He later married Janet Dewart.
370:, ultimately keeping the schools segregated. Later, as an academic, these practical results led him to conclude that "racism is so deeply rooted in the makeup of American society that it has been able to reassert itself after each successive wave of reform aimed at eliminating it."
422:
hired Bell to teach as a lecturer. Bok promised that Bell would be "the first but not the last" of his Black hires. In 1971, Bell became
Harvard Law's first Black tenured professor. During his time at Harvard, Bell established a new course in civil rights law, published a book,
328:(LDF). Bell would join the NAACP Legal Defense Fund in Pittsburgh, crafting legal strategies at the forefront of the battle to undo racist laws and segregation in schools. At the LDF, he worked alongside other prominent civil-rights attorneys such as Thurgood Marshall,
690:
Bell argued that the framers of the Constitution chose the rewards of property over justice. With regard to the interest convergence, he maintains that "whites will promote racial advances for blacks only when they also promote white self-interest." Finally, in
669:" thesis. No person has a single, easily stated, unitary identity. Everyone has potentially conflicting, overlapping identities, loyalties, and allegiances. For example, a person who has parents with different religious views, political views, ethnicity, etc.
449:
tradition at the school today. During his time at NYU Law, Bell supported a student organization who were demanding the university for more faculty of color. Taking advice from Bell, the student organization led silent protests outside faculty meetings.
499:
critics found "counterproductive," while Harvard administrators cited a lack of qualified candidates, defending that they had taken great strides in the previous decade to bring in Black faculty members. He details the story of this protest in his book
703:, encourages a life of ethical behavior, including "a good job well done, giving credit to others, standing up for what you believe in, voluntarily returning lost valuables, choosing what feels right over what might feel good right now".
317:(NAACP) because it was thought that his objectivity, and that of the department, might be compromised or called into question. Rather than give up his NAACP membership and compromise his principles, Bell left the Justice Department.
1625:"Raising Hell for a Cause : Education: Two years after Harvard Law's first tenured black professor left his job to protest the lack of faculty diversity, little has changed. Derrick Bell's still angry, and so are his critics"
359:. Afterward, he said of this period,"I learned a lot about evasiveness, and how racists could use a system to forestall equality...I also learned a lot riding those dusty roads and walking into those sullen hostile courts in
341:
When Bell was in Mississippi, he provided legal support to Mississippi schools, colleges, voting rights activists, and Freedom Riders. He also supported James Meredith's attempt to attend the Ole Miss Law School in 1962.
695:
Bell argues that whites will not support civil rights policies that may threaten white social status. Similar themes can be found in another well-known piece entitled, "Who's Afraid of Critical Race Theory?" from 1995.
674:("Voice-of-color" thesis) because of different histories and experiences to those of white counterparts, matters that the white people are unlikely to know must be communicated to them by the racialized minorities.
223:, particularly in the legal system. Bell questioned civil rights advocacy approaches, partially stemming from frustrations in his own experiences as a lawyer. Bell is often credited as one of the originators of
383:
Bell spent the second half of his career working in academia until his death in 2011. During this time, he worked at a number of law schools while authoring books which are now considered the foundation of
775:
to solve the former's problems. Bell explained, “ better risk the unknown in space than face the certainty of racial discrimination here at home." An adaptation of the story appeared as part of the 1994
400:
of the University of Southern California. There, he succeeded Martin Levine as executive director of the new Western Center on Law and Poverty. Among his notable cases was a class action suit against the
4555:
405:
on behalf of the city's Black residents. During Bell's directorship, the Western Center's work was recognized in 1971 with a trophy bestowed by the Community Relations Conference of Southern California.
427:, and produced a steady stream of law review articles. He resigned from his position at Harvard in protest of the school's hiring procedures, specifically the absence of women of color on the staff.
2284:
1861:
2208:
1681:
1938:
Solorzano, Daniel; Ceja, Miguel; Yosso, Tara (2000). "Critical Race Theory, Racial Microaggressions, and Campus Racial Climate: The Experiences of African American College Students".
366:
Later in life, Bell questioned the approach of integration they took in these school cases. Throughout the South, often the winning rulings and the following desegregation caused
4059:
3718:
1004:
4565:
4251:
1593:
2149:
1650:
1535:
314:
3500:
1482:
4575:
4069:
3064:
2292:
1151:
4348:
3637:
545:, a textbook of more than a thousand pages containing the idea that racial progress would be achieved only when it aligned with white people's interests.
219:
Bell developed important scholarship, writing many articles and multiple books, using his practical legal experience and his academic research to examine
4570:
4221:
3999:
3908:
2100:
4550:
4520:
4396:
4377:
4170:
3989:
3633:
4440:
4400:
4372:
4353:
3954:
3939:
3913:
3128:
2796:
748:
should have said in the court case. His doctrine also consisted of the concept “racial fortuitous corollary” and “racial preference licensing act”.
4154:
3282:
4525:
4317:
4256:
4236:
4049:
3868:
3405:
3216:
3060:
2936:
2821:
208:
where he became the first tenured African-American professor of law in 1971. From 1991 until his death in 2011, Bell was a visiting professor at
4480:
4074:
4044:
3859:
3855:
3400:
2701:
4392:
3434:
3132:
3136:
2181:
3277:
200:
After a decade as a civil rights lawyer, Bell moved into academia where he spent the second half of his life. He started teaching at the
1787:
2261:
1825:
Sherick, Hughes; Noblit, George; Cleveland, Darrell (September 2013). "Derrick Bell's Post- Brown Moves toward Critical Race Theory".
1101:
235:
Bell was born on November 6, 1930, to Derrick Albert and Ada Elizabeth Childress Bell. He was raised in a working-class family in the
4560:
1284:
564:
and the law. He employed three major arguments in his analyses of racial patterns in American law: constitutional contradiction, the
4485:
1345:"Discerning Critical Moments: Lessons from the Life of Derrick Bell Title Challenging Authority: A Symposium Honoring Derrick Bell"
325:
299:
194:
1567:
1008:
656:
Dominant society racializes different minority groups at different times, in response to shifting needs such as the labor market.
4510:
4475:
822:
286:
1601:
2612:
2159:
1922:
1658:
1184:
728:, where he dives into how he stuck to his beliefs. He wrote about how staying true to himself was how he was so successful.
561:
2578:
2559:
2540:
2521:
2502:
2483:
2464:
2445:
2426:
2407:
2388:
2369:
1052:
Sherick, Hughes; Noblit, George; Cleveland, Darrell (2013). "Derrick Bell's Post- Brown Moves Toward Critical Race Theory".
4540:
4495:
2056:
Gerard, Allison (2018). "Using the Master's Tools to Dismantle the Master's House: The Fountainhead Reads Doctor Faustus".
4535:
4530:
3367:
3012:
2340:
271:
190:
1174:
612:
In the 1970s, Bell and these other legal scholars began using the phrase "critical race theory" (CRT) a phrase based on
2694:
1233:
213:
572:, now in its seventh edition, has been continually in print since 1973 and is considered foundational in the field of
1966:
1393:
1327:
510:
320:
Bell returned to Pittsburgh and joined the local chapter of the NAACP. Soon afterward in 1960, Bell was recruited by
263:
209:
201:
1760:
1141:
4545:
4500:
1991:
736:
Along with Bell's contributions to critical race theory, in his early articles, he exhibited multiple analyses' of
4505:
1459:
344:
While working at the LDF, Bell supervised more than 300 school desegregation cases and spearheaded the fight of
4515:
4490:
2687:
2583:
2564:
2545:
2526:
2507:
2488:
2469:
2450:
2431:
2412:
2393:
2374:
772:
402:
4015:
712:
Between the years of 1970 and 1980 Bell published many pieces of work. Other than his two most read books,
2941:
1563:
1204:
646:
White-over-color ascendancy serves important purposes, both psychic and material, for the dominant group.
580:
474:
220:
22:
1624:
825:
with the Derrick A. Bell Constitutional Law Commons which was opened on March 20, 2013, in the school's
4115:
236:
4272:
4206:
4034:
3590:
3546:
2956:
777:
349:
2541:"From Roach Powder to Radical Humanism: Professor Derrick Bell's "Critical" Constitutional Pedagogy"
2132:"Storytelling and Political Resistance: Remembering Derrick Bell (with a story about Dalton Trumbo)"
1746:
521:
In March 2012, five months after his death, Bell became the target of conservative media, including
3505:
3079:
2632:"HOW FAR WE HAVE TO GO: And We Are Not Saved: The Elusive Quest for Racial Justice by Derrick Bell"
240:
107:
63:
3776:
3332:
3322:
724:, written in 2004, a book questioning the Brown v. Board of Education's legacy. His 2004 memoir,
397:
275:
3893:
3761:
1583:
Allison C. Blakley, Research Assistant to Dean Bell and Assistant Administrator for the seminar.
2185:
613:
333:
2341:"The Derrick Bell Lecture on Race in American Society celebrates 25 years | NYU School of Law"
2077:
1725:
1536:"Derrick Bell's Interest Convergence and the Permanence of Racism: A Reflection on Resistance"
1468:
897:
274:(ROTC) and graduated with his bachelor's degree in 1952. He then served as an officer for the
3723:
3069:
3041:
2905:
2745:
2665:
1733:
1594:"Derrick Bell took a leave of absence to protest the lack of minority faculty at Harvard Law"
557:
248:
4420:
3206:
39:
4470:
4465:
4358:
4231:
4039:
3629:
3585:
3525:
3495:
3336:
3307:
3221:
3156:
3002:
2786:
2710:
2679:
1862:"Whose culture has capital? A critical race theory discussion of community cultural wealth"
791:"The Space Traders" and other works of short fiction by Bell appeared in Bell's collection
651:("Social construction" thesis) race and races are products of social thought and relations.
632:. Bell continued writing about critical race theory after accepting a teaching position at
598:
573:
565:
385:
360:
259:
224:
142:
3653:
2017:
1296:
854:
590:
8:
4322:
4292:
3959:
3698:
3610:
3450:
3387:
3327:
3317:
3161:
3056:
2900:
2816:
2740:
1686:
1571:
963:
Silent Covenants: Brown v. Board of Education and the Unfulfilled Hopes for Racial Reform
584:
moral shift in nature, but rather because of the "convergence" of efforts in dismantling
522:
492:
445:
267:
262:
and was the first member of his family to go to college. He was offered a scholarship to
98:
1426:
1366:
616:, a branch of legal scholarship, taken that challenged the validity of concepts such as
418:
students helped to get Bell hired. They had protested for a minority faculty member and
4282:
3969:
3826:
3751:
3727:
3688:
3109:
3104:
3074:
3021:
2890:
2618:
2225:
2081:
2073:
1947:
1884:
1842:
1807:
1106:
1069:
830:
826:
784:
633:
415:
205:
2653:
2131:
877:
363:. It just seems that unless something's pushed unless you litigate, nothing happens."
4120:
3888:
3864:
3831:
3801:
3735:
3600:
3515:
3485:
3420:
2986:
2931:
2885:
2867:
2831:
2608:
2085:
1918:
1846:
1721:
1559:
1508:
1464:
1323:
1180:
1073:
1030:
768:
662:
509:
Following his leave of absence at Harvard, Bell accepted a visiting professorship at
470:
321:
302:
3949:
3455:
3226:
3202:
2801:
1888:
982:
4410:
4387:
4363:
4307:
4297:
4079:
3766:
3713:
3683:
3668:
3624:
3580:
3571:
3551:
3541:
3510:
3372:
3292:
3236:
3231:
3197:
3181:
3026:
2961:
2951:
2811:
2228:
2069:
2065:
1876:
1834:
1799:
1713:
1061:
811:
744:
and titled it the “Revisionist Brown Option” which was his alternative answer that
629:
329:
111:
102:
86:
4216:
1344:
436:
refusal to hire an Asian-American candidate he had chosen for a faculty position.
4338:
4277:
4201:
4175:
4130:
4024:
3994:
3974:
3923:
3878:
3816:
3811:
3806:
3663:
3556:
3520:
3475:
3415:
3357:
3166:
2981:
2976:
2750:
1838:
1065:
761:
680:
625:
621:
606:
252:
244:
2503:"Educating for 'Ethical Ambition': Bell's Impact in the Undergraduate Classroom"
1880:
548:
Bell is arguably the most influential source of thought critical of traditional
185:(November 6, 1930 – October 5, 2011) was an American lawyer, legal scholar, and
4312:
4165:
4159:
4149:
4125:
4064:
3821:
3756:
3678:
3576:
3490:
3396:
3392:
3382:
3341:
3287:
3211:
3176:
3141:
3095:
3051:
3031:
2946:
2895:
2806:
2781:
1146:
815:
780:
737:
345:
2659:
1173:
Block, M.; Rothe, A.H.; Moritz, C.; Candee, M.D.; H.W. Wilson Company (1993).
4459:
4425:
4382:
4241:
4226:
4110:
4100:
4029:
3984:
3918:
3839:
3786:
3781:
3771:
3708:
3614:
3605:
3566:
3470:
3425:
3410:
3362:
3246:
3171:
3100:
3036:
2910:
2760:
2755:
2725:
757:
594:
585:
82:
3046:
2631:
4444:
4430:
4415:
4368:
4302:
4246:
4054:
3944:
3898:
3883:
3835:
3703:
3673:
3561:
3430:
3312:
3302:
3297:
3272:
3146:
2915:
2872:
2852:
2735:
2622:
2427:"On Derrick Bell as Pioneer and Teacher: Teaching Us How to Have the Nerve"
2262:"Pitt School of Law Unveils the Derrick A. Bell Constitutional Law Commons"
2209:"Derrick A. Bell, legal scholar who developed theories on race, dies at 80"
1709:
1454:
1285:"On Derrick Bell as Pioneer and Teacher: Teaching Us How to Have the Nerve"
666:
602:
549:
530:
526:
515:
478:
367:
356:
186:
1257:
760:
which deal with similar themes to his nonfiction works. These include the
313:
In 1959, the Justice Department asked him to resign his membership in the
197:, where he supervised over 300 school desegregation cases in Mississippi.
4343:
4287:
4211:
4144:
4139:
4084:
3979:
3964:
3903:
3873:
3796:
3791:
3619:
3465:
3460:
3251:
3119:
3016:
3007:
2776:
2241:
Bell, Janet Dewart (Spring 2013). "In Memory of Professor Derrick Bell".
1717:
1710:"Reading Professor Obama: Race and the American Constitutional Tradition"
1431:
1137:
764:
624:, and judicial neutrality. Critical legal theory was itself a takeoff on
617:
337:
1455:"Introduction: Challenging Authority: A Symposium Honoring Derrick Bell"
266:
but could not attend due to a lack of financial aid, choosing to attend
4405:
4105:
3658:
3595:
3480:
3377:
3241:
3151:
3124:
2971:
2966:
2862:
2857:
2826:
2791:
2670:
1951:
1811:
1682:"Derrick Bell's widow: Unaware of the second hug between prez and prof"
553:
247:. Bell's maternal grandfather, John Childress, was a blind cook on the
216:. While he was a visiting, he was a professor of constitutional law.
4435:
4135:
4020:
3693:
3267:
3114:
2880:
2876:
2321:. Vol. 34, no. 14. University of Pittsburgh. March 20, 2003
2314:
1007:. University of Oregon School of Law. October 7, 2011. Archived from
804:
419:
1803:
810:
at St. Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital in New York City. At the time, the
518:, who became the law school's first Black female tenured professor.
491:
Following his return to Harvard in 1986, after a year-long stint at
4556:
People associated with the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund
4191:
2847:
552:
discourse. Bell's critique represented a challenge to the dominant
353:
2150:"'Stand Up, Speak Out,' Derrick Bell Told Law Students : NPR"
1788:"Brown v. Board of Education and the Interest-Convergence Dilemma"
2730:
1166:
771:". Here, white Americans exchange the U.S. Black population for
2674:
2101:"Racism as the Nation's Crucial Sin: Theology and Derrick Bell"
905:
885:
865:
807:
2018:"Derrick Bell: Critical Race Theory Scholar and Law Professor"
1574:), Boston, MA and Washington, DC, accessed September 23, 2016.
1005:"Oregon Law mourns Derrick Bell, former dean and race scholar"
939:
Gospel Choirs: Psalms of Survival in an Alien Land Called Home
880:
Gospel Choirs: Psalms of Survival in an Alien Land Called Home
1102:"Derrick Bell, Law Professor and Rights Advocate, Dies at 80"
282:
2709:
1560:"Ten O'Clock News; Derrick Bell threatens to leave Harvard,"
1657:. NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund. Archived from
1394:"Legal History Blog: New Archive: The Derrick Bell Papers"
921:
And We Are Not Saved: The Elusive Quest for Racial Justice
628:, a philosophical approach originating out of the leftist
315:
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
2154:
933:
Confronting Authority: Reflections of an Ardent Protestor
927:
Faces at the Bottom of the Well: The Permanence of Racism
793:
Faces at the Bottom of the Well: The Permenance of Racism
2444:
Armstrong, Margalynne J.; Wildman, Stephanie M. (2013).
1917:(second ed.). New York: New York University Press.
396:
Bell's first law faculty position began in 1967 at the
308:
1824:
1708:
Gahagan, Stacey; Brophy, Alfred L. (August 17, 2012).
1172:
1051:
568:
principle, and the price of racial remedies. His book
536:
2484:"Derrick A. Bell, Jr.: Serving Two Masters Elegantly"
1031:"NYU LAW NEWS In Memoriam: Derrick Bell, 1930 - 2011"
430:
16:
American lawyer, professor, and civil rights activist
1779:
1320:
Ethical Ambition: Living a Life of Meaning and Worth
957:
Ethical Ambition: Living a Life of Meaning and Worth
803:
On October 5, 2011, Bell died at the age of 80 from
726:
Ethical Ambition: Living a Life of Meaning and Worth
4566:
United States Air Force personnel of the Korean War
1908:
1906:
1904:
1902:
1900:
1898:
2560:"Derrick Bell and the Emergence of LatCrit Theory"
2522:"Bell Labs: Derrick Bell's Inspirational Pedagogy"
1937:
1931:
452:
2579:"Derrick Bell: Ethical Ambition and Law Teaching"
270:instead. There, he was a member of the college's
4457:
2603:Delgado, Richard; Stefancic, Jean, eds. (2005).
2602:
2443:
2285:"Free Law Clinic at Pitt Named for Derrick Bell"
1912:
1895:
298:After graduation and a recommendation from then
278:for two years, one of which he spent in Korea.
2424:
2231:2011. Legacy.com 2012. Retrieved March 17, 2012
1651:"Balancing Race and Gender: LDF Women Pioneers"
1282:
4576:University of Pittsburgh School of Law alumni
2695:
1707:
917:(1973, Little Brown & Co.; 6th ed., 2008)
751:
251:. His paternal grandfather was a minister in
2662:at The National Visionary Leadership Project
2136:Harvard Journal on Racial and Ethnic Justice
1964:
324:, the head of the NAACP's legal arm and the
2226:Derrick Bell Obituary 11/6/1930 – 10/5/2011
1453:Rose, Gonzales; B, Jasmine (June 9, 2015).
444:Bell's full time visiting professorship at
230:
4571:University of Oregon School of Law faculty
2702:
2688:
2660:Derrick Bell's oral history video excerpts
1913:Delgado, Richard; Stefancic, Jean (2012).
1420:
1418:
1416:
1414:
1095:
1093:
1091:
1089:
1087:
1085:
1083:
38:
4551:New York University School of Law faculty
4521:Deans of law schools in the United States
2538:
1342:
1278:
1276:
1274:
1205:"Biographical Note — Derrick A. Bell, Jr"
1099:
21:For other people with similar names, see
983:"In Memoriam: Derrick Bell, 1930 - 2011"
836:
481:introduces Derrick Bell starting at 6:25
326:NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund
300:United States associate attorney general
2557:
2282:
2260:Chavis, Diane Hernon (March 25, 2013).
2206:
1967:"Who's Afraid of Critical Race Theory?"
1568:American Archive of Public Broadcasting
1424:
1411:
1391:
1283:Onwuachi-Willig, Angela (May 6, 2022).
1252:
1250:
1234:"Derrick Albert Bell Jr. (1930-2011) •"
1231:
1154:from the original on September 13, 2021
1080:
471:Derrick Bell threatens to leave Harvard
4526:Deaths from cancer in New York (state)
4458:
2576:
2519:
2462:
2259:
2098:
2055:
1971:1995 University of Illinois Law Review
1679:
1648:
1622:
1271:
1100:Bernstein, Fred A. (October 6, 2011).
823:University of Pittsburgh School of Law
287:University of Pittsburgh School of Law
4481:20th-century African-American lawyers
2683:
2500:
2405:
2386:
2370:"In Memory of Professor Derrick Bell"
2361:
2129:
1915:Critical Race Theory: An Introduction
1859:
1853:
1761:"The Man Behind Critical Race Theory"
1509:"In Memoriam: Derrick Bell 1930-2011"
1452:
1322:. New York: Bloomsbury. p. 133.
1202:
1142:"The Man Behind Critical Race Theory"
641:Racism is ordinary, not aberrational.
409:
2629:
2481:
2367:
2240:
1785:
1553:
1317:
1258:"About | Derrick Bell Official Site"
1247:
1198:
1196:
1136:
1132:
1130:
1128:
1126:
1124:
756:Bell published a number of works of
679:CRT led to creation of the ideas of
439:
309:NAACP and school desegregation cases
189:activist. Bell first worked for the
1343:Stefancic, Jean (January 1, 2013).
1232:Bourlin, Olga (November 15, 2013).
537:Development of Critical Race Theory
13:
2596:
2465:"Derrick Bell: Oregon Trailblazer"
2283:Nuttall, Rebecca (April 3, 2013).
2158:. February 3, 2023. Archived from
2105:Michigan Journal of Race & Law
1992:"ETHICAL AMBITION by Derrick Bell"
1600:. December 3, 1990. Archived from
821:Bell has been memorialized at the
720:. His other mentionable books are
431:University of Oregon School of Law
373:
214:University of Oregon School of Law
14:
4587:
2647:
2207:Schudel, Matt (October 8, 2011).
2184:. October 9, 2012. Archived from
2099:Taylor, George H. (Spring 2004).
1946:(1/2). Santa Barbara, CA: 60–73.
1649:Patton, Stacey (March 31, 2009).
1623:Getlin, Josh (November 5, 1992).
1392:Dudziak, Mary L. (May 21, 2007).
1193:
1121:
731:
688:The Constitutional Contradiction,
391:
210:New York University School of Law
202:University of Southern California
4561:United States Air Force officers
2425:Onwuachi-Willig, Angela (2013).
1533:
1295:(3): xlii–xlviii. Archived from
892:
872:
849:
465:
272:Reserve Officers' Training Corps
4486:African-American legal scholars
2333:
2307:
2276:
2253:
2234:
2219:
2200:
2174:
2142:
2123:
2092:
2058:The Journal of Ayn Rand Studies
2049:
2036:
2010:
1984:
1958:
1818:
1753:
1701:
1673:
1642:
1616:
1586:
1577:
1527:
1501:
1475:
1460:Boston University School of Law
1446:
1427:"Black Biography: Derrick Bell"
1385:
1359:
1336:
1311:
965:(Oxford University Press, 2004)
860:Faces at the Bottom of the Well
488:diverse and inclusive faculty.
453:Protests over faculty diversity
169:
2656:, New York University Archives
2078:10.5325/jaynrandstud.18.1.0028
2070:10.5325/jaynrandstud.18.1.0028
1965:Derrick Bell (March 8, 2012).
1680:Wemple, Erik (March 9, 2012).
1225:
1045:
1023:
997:
975:
714:Race, Racism, and American Law
543:Race, Racism, and American Law
1:
4511:Burials at Allegheny Cemetery
4476:20th-century American lawyers
2666:"The HistoryMakers Biography"
2584:Seattle University Law Review
2565:Seattle University Law Review
2546:Seattle University Law Review
2527:Seattle University Law Review
2508:Seattle University Law Review
2489:Seattle University Law Review
2470:Seattle University Law Review
2451:Seattle University Law Review
2432:Seattle University Law Review
2413:Seattle University Law Review
2394:Seattle University Law Review
2375:Seattle University Law Review
2243:Seattle University Law Review
2130:Minow, Martha Louise (2012).
1860:Yosso, Tara J. (March 2005).
1289:Seattle University Law Review
969:
915:Race, Racism and American Law
693:The Price of Racial Remedies,
570:Race, Racism and American Law
425:Race, Racism and American Law
403:Los Angeles Police Department
293:
4060:Marianna De Marco Torgovnick
2501:Davis, Angelique M. (2013).
1869:Race Ethnicity and Education
1839:10.1080/13613324.2013.817765
1827:Race Ethnicity and Education
1066:10.1080/13613324.2013.817765
1054:Race Ethnicity and Education
833:movements in 2020 and 2021.
814:reported: "The dean at NYU,
529:, in an exposé of President
7:
4541:Lawyers from Eugene, Oregon
4496:American Book Award winners
3719:Mill Hunk Herald Collective
2654:Derrick A. Bell, Jr. Papers
2446:"An Homage to Derrick Bell"
2389:"A Tribute to Derrick Bell"
2368:Bell, Janet Dewart (2013).
1881:10.1080/1361332052000341006
581:Brown v. Board of Education
378:
348:to secure admission to the
23:Derek Bell (disambiguation)
10:
4592:
4536:Harvard Law School faculty
4531:Duquesne University alumni
4116:Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni
2636:National Black Law Journal
2558:Johnson, Kevin R. (2013).
2520:Garden, Charlotte (2013).
2463:Bender, Steven W. (2013).
2264:. University of Pittsburgh
2182:"Derrick Bell (1930-2011)"
1940:Journal of Negro Education
1367:"Derrick Bell (1930-2011)"
1176:Current Biography Yearbook
752:As writer of short fiction
560:position on civil rights,
155:Jewel Hairston (died 1990)
20:
4331:
4273:Allison Adelle Hedge Coke
4265:
4184:
4093:
4008:
3932:
3848:
3744:
3646:
3547:Barbara Grizzuti Harrison
3534:
3443:
3350:
3260:
3190:
3088:
2995:
2957:Jessica Tarahata Hagedorn
2924:
2840:
2769:
2718:
2539:Harpalani, Vinay (2013).
2408:"Tribute to Derrick Bell"
953:(Third World Press, 1998)
891:
871:
848:
843:
475:Boston TV Digital Archive
473:, April 24, 1990, 11:34,
464:
459:
350:University of Mississippi
148:
138:
118:
94:
71:
49:
37:
30:
3506:Josephine Gattuso Hendin
2577:Martin, Natasha (2013).
2406:Nagae, Peggy A. (2013).
1179:. H. W. Wilson Company.
945:Constitutional Conflicts
898:Presentation by Bell on
878:Presentation by Bell on
798:
541:In 1970, Bell published
241:Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
231:Early life and education
195:NAACP Legal Defense Fund
108:University of Pittsburgh
64:Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
4546:Lawyers from Pittsburgh
4501:American legal scholars
3333:Septima Poinsette Clark
3323:Lucia Chiavola Birnbaum
2605:The Derrick Bell Reader
2482:Chon, Margaret (2013).
1562:April 24, 1990, 11:34,
858:interview with Bell on
601:, Charles R. Lawrence,
398:USC Gould School of Law
352:, over the protests of
336:. Bell was assigned to
281:In 1957, he received a
276:United States Air Force
191:U.S. Justice Department
183:Derrick Albert Bell Jr.
4506:American legal writers
2942:Evangelina Vigil-Piñón
2289:New Pittsburgh Courier
1786:Bell, Derrick (1980).
1741:Cite journal requires
1318:Bell, Derrick (2002).
1140:(September 10, 2021).
947:(Anderson Press, 1997)
614:critical legal studies
501:Confronting Authority.
334:Constance Baker Motley
3777:José Antonio Burciaga
3752:A'Lelia Perry Bundles
3724:Nora Marks Dauenhauer
3042:Mei-mei Berssenbrugge
2906:Ronald Phillip Tanaka
2746:Mei-mei Berssenbrugge
2387:McGee, Henry (2013).
2315:"People of the Times"
1203:Crowe, Larry (2004).
837:Selected bibliography
249:Pennsylvania Railroad
4516:Critical race theory
4491:Afrofuturist writers
4359:E. Donald Two-Rivers
4232:Shirley Geok-lin Lim
4207:Guillermo Gómez-Peña
3894:Francisco X. AlarcĂłn
3762:Benjamin Alire Sáenz
3630:Shirley Geok-lin Lim
3591:José Emilio González
3526:William Minoru Hohri
3496:J. California Cooper
3337:Cynthia Stokes Brown
3157:Robert Edward Duncan
3065:Ellen Lai-shan Yeung
2787:Bienvenido N. Santos
2711:American Book Awards
2630:Fair, Bryan (1988).
2022:Masterclass Articles
1767:. September 10, 2021
1718:10.2139/ssrn.2131395
1655:The Defenders Online
1598:The Ten O'Clock News
1487:Harvard Law Bulletin
1011:on February 18, 2019
951:Afrolantica Legacies
935:(Beacon Press, 1994)
900:Afrolantica Legacies
882:, September 24, 1992
599:Patricia J. Williams
574:critical race theory
566:interest convergence
386:critical race theory
361:Jackson, Mississippi
260:Schenley High School
225:critical race theory
212:, and a dean of the
143:Critical race theory
3960:Janet Campbell Hale
3699:Karen Tei Yamashita
3611:Michelle T. Clinton
3451:Alma Luz Villanueva
3388:Jimmy Santiago Baca
3318:Juan Felipe Herrera
3057:Ruthanne Lum McCunn
2901:Lorna Dee Cervantes
2741:Leslie Marmon Silko
2713:winners (1980–1999)
2162:on February 3, 2023
2042:Bell & Radice,
1996:Kirkus Book Reviews
1687:The Washington Post
1572:Library of Congress
1515:. NYU School of Law
1033:. NYU School of Law
778:made-for-television
718:Serving Two Masters
493:Stanford University
446:New York University
268:Duquesne University
99:Duquesne University
4421:LuĂs Alberto Urrea
4283:Brenda Marie Osbey
3970:Lawson Fusao Inada
3827:Verlyn Klinkenborg
3728:Richard Dauenhauer
3689:John Edgar Wideman
3638:Margarita Donnelly
3207:Gloria E. AnzaldĂşa
3110:Colleen J. McElroy
3105:John Kuo Wei Tchen
3080:William J. Kennedy
3075:Venkatesh Kulkarni
3022:Imamu Amiri Baraka
2891:Joyce Carol Thomas
2362:Additional sources
2188:on October 9, 2012
1792:Harvard Law Review
1540:Harvard Law Review
1398:Legal History Blog
1107:The New York Times
959:(Bloomsbury, 2002)
831:Black Lives Matter
686:As an example, in
634:Harvard University
416:Harvard Law School
410:Harvard Law School
264:Lincoln University
243:. He was raised a
206:Harvard Law School
4453:
4452:
4222:Montserrat Fontes
4121:E.J. Miller Laino
4016:Abraham Rodriguez
4000:Virginia L. Kroll
3909:Leroy V. Quintana
3889:Eugene B. Redmond
3865:Christopher Mogil
3832:William B. Branch
3802:Peter Kalifornsky
3736:Thomas Centolella
3654:Alejandro MurguĂa
3601:Lloyd A. Thompson
3516:Shuntaro Tanikawa
3486:Henry Louis Gates
3421:Salvatore La Puma
2932:Barbara Christian
2886:Jerome Rothenberg
2868:Hilton Obenzinger
2832:Toni Cade Bambara
2614:978-0-8147-1969-5
2295:on April 24, 2013
1924:978-0-8147-2134-6
1712:. Rochester, NY.
1661:on March 17, 2012
1629:Los Angeles Times
1604:on March 11, 2012
1463:. Rochester, NY.
1373:. October 6, 2011
1371:Harvard Law Today
1212:The HistoryMakers
1186:978-0-8242-0128-9
911:
910:
862:, October 5, 1992
827:Barco Law Library
773:extraterrestrials
769:The Space Traders
663:Intersectionality
591:Kimberlé Crenshaw
485:
484:
440:NYU School of Law
322:Thurgood Marshall
303:William P. Rogers
180:
179:
4583:
4411:Josip Novakovich
4397:Gerald V. Mohatt
4388:James D. Houston
4378:Gioia Timpanelli
4364:Edwidge Danticat
4308:Nora Okja Keller
4298:John A. Williams
4252:William M. Banks
4171:Stephanie Cowell
4080:Gordon Henry Jr.
3990:Rose L. Glickman
3767:Donna J. Haraway
3732:R. Baxter Miller
3714:Meridel Le Sueur
3684:Jessica Hagedorn
3669:Charley Trujillo
3634:Mayumi Tsutakawa
3625:Paula Gunn Allen
3581:J. Raymond Jones
3572:James M. Freeman
3552:Daniela Gioseffi
3542:Adrienne Kennedy
3511:Leslie Scalapino
3373:David Halberstam
3293:Etheridge Knight
3237:Raymond Federman
3232:Natasha Borovsky
3198:Anna Lee Walters
3182:William Oandasan
2962:John A. Williams
2952:James D. Houston
2812:Peter Blue Cloud
2704:
2697:
2690:
2681:
2680:
2643:
2626:
2592:
2573:
2554:
2535:
2516:
2497:
2478:
2459:
2440:
2421:
2402:
2383:
2356:
2355:
2353:
2351:
2337:
2331:
2330:
2328:
2326:
2319:University Times
2311:
2305:
2304:
2302:
2300:
2291:. Archived from
2280:
2274:
2273:
2271:
2269:
2257:
2251:
2250:
2238:
2232:
2223:
2217:
2216:
2204:
2198:
2197:
2195:
2193:
2178:
2172:
2171:
2169:
2167:
2146:
2140:
2139:
2127:
2121:
2120:
2118:
2116:
2096:
2090:
2089:
2053:
2047:
2040:
2034:
2033:
2031:
2029:
2014:
2008:
2007:
2005:
2003:
1988:
1982:
1981:
1979:
1977:
1962:
1956:
1955:
1935:
1929:
1928:
1910:
1893:
1892:
1866:
1857:
1851:
1850:
1822:
1816:
1815:
1783:
1777:
1776:
1774:
1772:
1757:
1751:
1750:
1744:
1739:
1737:
1729:
1705:
1699:
1698:
1696:
1694:
1677:
1671:
1670:
1668:
1666:
1646:
1640:
1639:
1637:
1635:
1620:
1614:
1613:
1611:
1609:
1590:
1584:
1581:
1575:
1557:
1551:
1550:
1548:
1546:
1531:
1525:
1524:
1522:
1520:
1505:
1499:
1498:
1496:
1494:
1479:
1473:
1472:
1450:
1444:
1443:
1441:
1439:
1422:
1409:
1408:
1406:
1404:
1389:
1383:
1382:
1380:
1378:
1363:
1357:
1356:
1340:
1334:
1333:
1315:
1309:
1308:
1306:
1304:
1280:
1269:
1268:
1266:
1264:
1254:
1245:
1244:
1242:
1240:
1229:
1223:
1222:
1220:
1218:
1209:
1200:
1191:
1190:
1170:
1164:
1163:
1161:
1159:
1134:
1119:
1118:
1116:
1114:
1097:
1078:
1077:
1049:
1043:
1042:
1040:
1038:
1027:
1021:
1020:
1018:
1016:
1001:
995:
994:
992:
990:
979:
896:
895:
876:
875:
853:
852:
841:
840:
812:Associated Press
722:Silent Covenants
701:Ethical Ambition
681:microaggressions
630:Frankfurt School
593:, Alan Freeman,
469:
468:
457:
456:
330:Robert L. Carter
204:, then moved to
173:
171:
78:
60:November 6, 1930
59:
57:
42:
28:
27:
4591:
4590:
4586:
4585:
4584:
4582:
4581:
4580:
4456:
4455:
4454:
4449:
4441:Chiori Santiago
4401:Ciulistet Group
4373:Meg McHutchison
4354:Chiori Santiago
4339:Alice McDermott
4327:
4278:Angela Y. Davis
4261:
4202:Dorothy Barresi
4180:
4176:William H. Gass
4164:Ron Sakolsky /
4131:James W. Loewen
4089:
4025:Robert L. Allen
4004:
3995:Tino Villanueva
3975:Nicole Blackman
3955:Gregory J. Reed
3940:Giose Rimanelli
3928:
3924:Ninotchka Rosca
3914:Katherine Peter
3879:Denise Giardina
3844:
3817:Sheila Hamanaka
3812:Sandra Scofield
3807:Raymond Andrews
3740:
3642:
3557:Elizabeth Woody
3530:
3521:Charles Fanning
3476:Eduardo Galeano
3439:
3416:Ronald Sukenick
3358:Allison Blakely
3346:
3256:
3186:
3167:Sandra Cisneros
3129:Taisanboku Mori
3084:
3013:Howard Schwartz
2991:
2982:Peter Guralnick
2977:Nash Candelaria
2920:
2836:
2797:Lionel Mitchell
2765:
2751:Milton Murayama
2714:
2708:
2650:
2615:
2599:
2597:Further reading
2364:
2359:
2349:
2347:
2345:www.law.nyu.edu
2339:
2338:
2334:
2324:
2322:
2313:
2312:
2308:
2298:
2296:
2281:
2277:
2267:
2265:
2258:
2254:
2239:
2235:
2224:
2220:
2213:Washington Post
2205:
2201:
2191:
2189:
2180:
2179:
2175:
2165:
2163:
2148:
2147:
2143:
2128:
2124:
2114:
2112:
2097:
2093:
2054:
2050:
2046:note 56, at 11.
2041:
2037:
2027:
2025:
2016:
2015:
2011:
2001:
1999:
1990:
1989:
1985:
1975:
1973:
1963:
1959:
1936:
1932:
1925:
1911:
1896:
1864:
1858:
1854:
1823:
1819:
1804:10.2307/1340546
1784:
1780:
1770:
1768:
1759:
1758:
1754:
1742:
1740:
1731:
1730:
1706:
1702:
1692:
1690:
1678:
1674:
1664:
1662:
1647:
1643:
1633:
1631:
1621:
1617:
1607:
1605:
1592:
1591:
1587:
1582:
1578:
1558:
1554:
1544:
1542:
1532:
1528:
1518:
1516:
1507:
1506:
1502:
1492:
1490:
1481:
1480:
1476:
1451:
1447:
1437:
1435:
1423:
1412:
1402:
1400:
1390:
1386:
1376:
1374:
1365:
1364:
1360:
1349:U. Pitt. L. Rev
1341:
1337:
1330:
1316:
1312:
1302:
1300:
1281:
1272:
1262:
1260:
1256:
1255:
1248:
1238:
1236:
1230:
1226:
1216:
1214:
1207:
1201:
1194:
1187:
1171:
1167:
1157:
1155:
1135:
1122:
1112:
1110:
1098:
1081:
1050:
1046:
1036:
1034:
1029:
1028:
1024:
1014:
1012:
1003:
1002:
998:
988:
986:
985:. NYU Law. 2011
981:
980:
976:
972:
893:
873:
850:
844:External videos
839:
801:
762:science fiction
754:
734:
706:
699:His 2002 book,
626:critical theory
622:objective truth
607:Richard Delgado
539:
466:
460:External videos
455:
442:
433:
414:In 1969, Black
412:
394:
381:
376:
374:Academic career
311:
296:
253:Dothan, Alabama
233:
176:
175:
172: 1992)
167:
163:
134:
106:
90:
80:
76:
75:October 5, 2011
67:
61:
55:
53:
45:
33:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4589:
4579:
4578:
4573:
4568:
4563:
4558:
4553:
4548:
4543:
4538:
4533:
4528:
4523:
4518:
4513:
4508:
4503:
4498:
4493:
4488:
4483:
4478:
4473:
4468:
4451:
4450:
4448:
4447:
4438:
4433:
4428:
4423:
4418:
4413:
4408:
4403:
4390:
4385:
4380:
4375:
4366:
4361:
4356:
4351:
4346:
4341:
4335:
4333:
4329:
4328:
4326:
4325:
4320:
4315:
4313:Sandra Benitez
4310:
4305:
4300:
4295:
4290:
4285:
4280:
4275:
4269:
4267:
4263:
4262:
4260:
4259:
4254:
4249:
4244:
4239:
4234:
4229:
4224:
4219:
4214:
4209:
4204:
4199:
4194:
4188:
4186:
4182:
4181:
4179:
4178:
4173:
4168:
4166:Fred Weihan Ho
4162:
4160:Sherman Alexie
4157:
4155:Robert Viscusi
4152:
4150:Maria Espinosa
4147:
4142:
4133:
4128:
4126:Glenn C. Loury
4123:
4118:
4113:
4108:
4103:
4097:
4095:
4091:
4090:
4088:
4087:
4082:
4077:
4072:
4067:
4065:Marnie Mueller
4062:
4057:
4052:
4047:
4042:
4037:
4032:
4027:
4018:
4012:
4010:
4006:
4005:
4003:
4002:
3997:
3992:
3987:
3982:
3977:
3972:
3967:
3962:
3957:
3952:
3950:Graciela LimĂłn
3947:
3942:
3936:
3934:
3930:
3929:
3927:
3926:
3921:
3916:
3911:
3906:
3901:
3896:
3891:
3886:
3881:
3876:
3871:
3862:
3852:
3850:
3846:
3845:
3843:
3842:
3829:
3824:
3822:Stephen R. Fox
3819:
3814:
3809:
3804:
3799:
3794:
3789:
3784:
3779:
3774:
3769:
3764:
3759:
3757:Art Spiegelman
3754:
3748:
3746:
3742:
3741:
3739:
3738:
3733:
3730:
3721:
3716:
3711:
3706:
3701:
3696:
3691:
3686:
3681:
3679:Deborah Keenan
3676:
3671:
3666:
3661:
3656:
3650:
3648:
3644:
3643:
3641:
3640:
3627:
3622:
3617:
3608:
3603:
3598:
3593:
3588:
3583:
3577:John C. Walter
3574:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3538:
3536:
3532:
3531:
3529:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3501:Jennifer Stone
3498:
3493:
3491:Isabel Allende
3488:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3456:Askia M. Touré
3453:
3447:
3445:
3441:
3440:
3438:
3437:
3428:
3423:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3397:Cherry Muhanji
3393:Kesho Y. Scott
3390:
3385:
3383:Gerald Vizenor
3380:
3378:Edward Sanders
3375:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3354:
3352:
3348:
3347:
3345:
3344:
3342:Terry McMillan
3339:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3288:Dorothy Bryant
3285:
3283:Daniel McGuire
3280:
3275:
3270:
3264:
3262:
3258:
3257:
3255:
3254:
3249:
3244:
3239:
3234:
3229:
3227:Miguel AlgarĂn
3224:
3219:
3214:
3212:Helen Barolini
3209:
3203:CherrĂe Moraga
3200:
3194:
3192:
3188:
3187:
3185:
3184:
3179:
3177:Julia Vinograd
3174:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3142:Louise Erdrich
3139:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3098:
3096:Angela Jackson
3092:
3090:
3086:
3085:
3083:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3070:Thomas McGrath
3067:
3054:
3052:Paule Marshall
3049:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3032:Joseph Bruchac
3029:
3024:
3019:
3010:
3005:
2999:
2997:
2993:
2992:
2990:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2947:Harriet Rohmer
2944:
2939:
2934:
2928:
2926:
2922:
2921:
2919:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2896:Leroy Quintana
2893:
2888:
2883:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2844:
2842:
2838:
2837:
2835:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2807:Nicholasa Mohr
2804:
2802:Miguel AlgarĂn
2799:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2782:Alan Chong Lau
2779:
2773:
2771:
2767:
2766:
2764:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2722:
2720:
2716:
2715:
2707:
2706:
2699:
2692:
2684:
2678:
2677:
2668:
2663:
2657:
2649:
2648:External links
2646:
2645:
2644:
2627:
2613:
2598:
2595:
2594:
2593:
2574:
2555:
2536:
2517:
2498:
2479:
2460:
2441:
2422:
2403:
2384:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2357:
2332:
2306:
2275:
2252:
2233:
2218:
2199:
2173:
2141:
2122:
2091:
2048:
2035:
2009:
1983:
1957:
1930:
1923:
1894:
1852:
1833:(4): 442–462.
1817:
1798:(3): 518–533.
1778:
1765:The New Yorker
1752:
1743:|journal=
1700:
1672:
1641:
1615:
1585:
1576:
1570:(WGBH and the
1552:
1534:Hoag, Alexis.
1526:
1500:
1483:"Derrick Bell"
1474:
1445:
1410:
1384:
1358:
1335:
1328:
1310:
1299:on May 6, 2022
1270:
1246:
1224:
1192:
1185:
1165:
1147:The New Yorker
1120:
1079:
1060:(4): 442–469.
1044:
1022:
996:
973:
971:
968:
967:
966:
960:
954:
948:
942:
936:
930:
924:
918:
909:
908:
902:, June 2, 1998
889:
888:
869:
868:
846:
845:
838:
835:
816:Richard Revesz
800:
797:
781:anthology film
753:
750:
742:Brown V. Board
738:legal doctrine
733:
732:Legal doctrine
730:
708:Literary Works
677:
676:
671:
658:
653:
648:
643:
538:
535:
483:
482:
462:
461:
454:
451:
441:
438:
432:
429:
411:
408:
393:
392:USC Law School
390:
380:
377:
375:
372:
346:James Meredith
310:
307:
295:
292:
258:Bell attended
232:
229:
178:
177:
165:
161:
160:
159:
158:
156:
152:
150:
146:
145:
140:
139:Known for
136:
135:
133:
132:
129:
126:
122:
120:
116:
115:
96:
92:
91:
81:
79:(aged 80)
73:
69:
68:
62:
51:
47:
46:
43:
35:
34:
31:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4588:
4577:
4574:
4572:
4569:
4567:
4564:
4562:
4559:
4557:
4554:
4552:
4549:
4547:
4544:
4542:
4539:
4537:
4534:
4532:
4529:
4527:
4524:
4522:
4519:
4517:
4514:
4512:
4509:
4507:
4504:
4502:
4499:
4497:
4494:
4492:
4489:
4487:
4484:
4482:
4479:
4477:
4474:
4472:
4469:
4467:
4464:
4463:
4461:
4446:
4442:
4439:
4437:
4434:
4432:
4429:
4427:
4426:Nelson George
4424:
4422:
4419:
4417:
4414:
4412:
4409:
4407:
4404:
4402:
4398:
4394:
4391:
4389:
4386:
4384:
4383:Gloria Naylor
4381:
4379:
4376:
4374:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4362:
4360:
4357:
4355:
4352:
4350:
4347:
4345:
4342:
4340:
4337:
4336:
4334:
4330:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4318:Scott DeVeaux
4316:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4284:
4281:
4279:
4276:
4274:
4271:
4270:
4268:
4264:
4258:
4257:Brenda Knight
4255:
4253:
4250:
4248:
4245:
4243:
4242:Thulani Davis
4240:
4238:
4237:Sunaina Maira
4235:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4227:Noel Ignatiev
4225:
4223:
4220:
4218:
4217:MartĂn Espada
4215:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4205:
4203:
4200:
4198:
4195:
4193:
4190:
4189:
4187:
4183:
4177:
4174:
4172:
4169:
4167:
4163:
4161:
4158:
4156:
4153:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4143:
4141:
4137:
4134:
4132:
4129:
4127:
4124:
4122:
4119:
4117:
4114:
4112:
4111:Chang-Rae Lee
4109:
4107:
4104:
4102:
4101:Agate Nesaule
4099:
4098:
4096:
4092:
4086:
4083:
4081:
4078:
4076:
4073:
4071:
4068:
4066:
4063:
4061:
4058:
4056:
4053:
4051:
4050:Linda Raymond
4048:
4046:
4043:
4041:
4038:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4030:Denise Chavez
4028:
4026:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4014:
4013:
4011:
4007:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3985:Ronald Takaki
3983:
3981:
3978:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3937:
3935:
3931:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3919:Nelson George
3917:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3902:
3900:
3897:
3895:
3892:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3869:Peter Woodrow
3866:
3863:
3861:
3857:
3854:
3853:
3851:
3847:
3841:
3840:August Wilson
3837:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3787:Lucy Thompson
3785:
3783:
3782:Keith Gilyard
3780:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3772:Fritjof Capra
3770:
3768:
3765:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3749:
3747:
3743:
3737:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3709:Mary Crow Dog
3707:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3651:
3649:
3645:
3639:
3635:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3615:Sesshu Foster
3612:
3609:
3607:
3606:Martin Bernal
3604:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3567:Itabari Njeri
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3539:
3537:
3533:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3471:Emory Elliott
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3448:
3446:
3442:
3436:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3426:Toni Morrison
3424:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3411:Benjamin Hoff
3409:
3407:
3406:Marlon K. Hom
3404:
3402:
3398:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3363:Charles Olson
3361:
3359:
3356:
3355:
3353:
3349:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3265:
3263:
3259:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3247:Terence Winch
3245:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3217:Jeff Hannusch
3215:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3195:
3193:
3189:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3172:Sonia Sanchez
3170:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3134:
3130:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3102:
3101:Arnold Genthe
3099:
3097:
3094:
3093:
3091:
3087:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3062:
3061:You-shan Tang
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3037:Maurice Kenny
3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
3000:
2998:
2994:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2937:Cecilia Liang
2935:
2933:
2930:
2929:
2927:
2923:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2911:Russell Banks
2909:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2878:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2845:
2843:
2839:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2822:Rose Drachler
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2774:
2772:
2768:
2762:
2761:Rudolfo Anaya
2759:
2757:
2756:Quincy Troupe
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2726:Douglas Woolf
2724:
2723:
2721:
2717:
2712:
2705:
2700:
2698:
2693:
2691:
2686:
2685:
2682:
2676:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2661:
2658:
2655:
2652:
2651:
2641:
2637:
2633:
2628:
2624:
2620:
2616:
2610:
2607:. NYU Press.
2606:
2601:
2600:
2590:
2586:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2571:
2567:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2552:
2548:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2533:
2529:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2514:
2510:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2495:
2491:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2476:
2472:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2457:
2453:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2438:
2434:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2419:
2415:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2400:
2396:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2381:
2377:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2365:
2346:
2342:
2336:
2320:
2316:
2310:
2294:
2290:
2286:
2279:
2263:
2256:
2248:
2244:
2237:
2230:
2227:
2222:
2214:
2210:
2203:
2187:
2183:
2177:
2161:
2157:
2156:
2151:
2145:
2137:
2133:
2126:
2110:
2106:
2102:
2095:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2059:
2052:
2045:
2039:
2024:. Masterclass
2023:
2019:
2013:
1997:
1993:
1987:
1972:
1968:
1961:
1953:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1934:
1926:
1920:
1916:
1909:
1907:
1905:
1903:
1901:
1899:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1874:
1870:
1863:
1856:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1836:
1832:
1828:
1821:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1782:
1766:
1762:
1756:
1748:
1735:
1727:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1704:
1689:
1688:
1683:
1676:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1645:
1630:
1626:
1619:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1589:
1580:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1556:
1541:
1537:
1530:
1514:
1510:
1504:
1488:
1484:
1478:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1461:
1456:
1449:
1434:
1433:
1428:
1425:Isaac Rosen.
1421:
1419:
1417:
1415:
1399:
1395:
1388:
1372:
1368:
1362:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1339:
1331:
1329:1-58234-303-9
1325:
1321:
1314:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1279:
1277:
1275:
1259:
1253:
1251:
1235:
1228:
1213:
1206:
1199:
1197:
1188:
1182:
1178:
1177:
1169:
1158:September 19,
1153:
1149:
1148:
1143:
1139:
1133:
1131:
1129:
1127:
1125:
1109:
1108:
1103:
1096:
1094:
1092:
1090:
1088:
1086:
1084:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1048:
1032:
1026:
1010:
1006:
1000:
984:
978:
974:
964:
961:
958:
955:
952:
949:
946:
943:
940:
937:
934:
931:
928:
925:
922:
919:
916:
913:
912:
907:
903:
901:
890:
887:
883:
881:
870:
867:
863:
861:
857:
847:
842:
834:
832:
828:
824:
819:
817:
813:
809:
806:
796:
794:
789:
787:
786:
782:
779:
774:
770:
766:
763:
759:
758:short fiction
749:
747:
743:
739:
729:
727:
723:
719:
715:
710:
709:
704:
702:
697:
694:
689:
684:
682:
675:
672:
670:
668:
664:
659:
657:
654:
652:
649:
647:
644:
642:
639:
638:
637:
635:
631:
627:
623:
619:
615:
610:
608:
604:
600:
596:
595:Cheryl Harris
592:
587:
586:Jim Crow laws
582:
577:
575:
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
546:
544:
534:
532:
528:
524:
519:
517:
512:
507:
503:
502:
496:
494:
489:
480:
476:
472:
463:
458:
450:
447:
437:
428:
426:
421:
417:
407:
404:
399:
389:
387:
371:
369:
364:
362:
358:
355:
351:
347:
342:
339:
335:
331:
327:
323:
318:
316:
306:
304:
301:
291:
288:
284:
279:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
256:
254:
250:
246:
242:
238:
237:Hill District
228:
226:
222:
217:
215:
211:
207:
203:
198:
196:
192:
188:
184:
157:
154:
153:
151:
147:
144:
141:
137:
130:
127:
125:Law professor
124:
123:
121:
117:
113:
109:
104:
100:
97:
93:
88:
84:
83:New York City
74:
70:
65:
52:
48:
41:
36:
29:
24:
19:
4445:Judith Lowry
4431:Speer Morgan
4416:Lauro Flores
4369:Judith Roche
4323:Thomas Lynch
4303:Nancy Rawles
4247:Tom De Haven
4197:Derrick Bell
4196:
4075:Sandra Martz
4055:Li-Young Lee
4045:Thomas Avena
4035:John Egerton
3945:Eric Drooker
3899:Gerald Graff
3884:Diane Glancy
3860:Belvie Rooks
3856:Asake Bomani
3836:Amiri Baraka
3704:Lucia Berlin
3674:D. H. Melhem
3664:Bruce Wright
3562:Hualing Nieh
3431:Wing Tek Lum
3401:Egyirba High
3328:Michael Mayo
3313:John Wieners
3303:Harvey Pekar
3298:Gary Giddins
3273:Ana Castillo
3147:Maureen Owen
2987:Seán Ó Tuama
2916:Tato Laviera
2873:Him Mark Lai
2853:Duane Niatum
2817:Robert Kelly
2736:Jayne Cortez
2639:
2635:
2604:
2588:
2582:
2569:
2563:
2550:
2544:
2531:
2525:
2512:
2506:
2493:
2487:
2474:
2468:
2455:
2449:
2436:
2430:
2417:
2411:
2398:
2392:
2379:
2373:
2348:. Retrieved
2344:
2335:
2323:. Retrieved
2318:
2309:
2297:. Retrieved
2293:the original
2288:
2278:
2266:. Retrieved
2255:
2246:
2242:
2236:
2221:
2212:
2202:
2190:. Retrieved
2186:the original
2176:
2164:. Retrieved
2160:the original
2153:
2144:
2135:
2125:
2115:February 25,
2113:. Retrieved
2108:
2104:
2094:
2064:(1): 28–42.
2061:
2057:
2051:
2043:
2038:
2026:. Retrieved
2021:
2012:
2000:. Retrieved
1995:
1986:
1974:. Retrieved
1970:
1960:
1943:
1939:
1933:
1914:
1875:(1): 69–91.
1872:
1868:
1855:
1830:
1826:
1820:
1795:
1791:
1781:
1769:. Retrieved
1764:
1755:
1734:cite journal
1703:
1691:. Retrieved
1685:
1675:
1663:. Retrieved
1659:the original
1654:
1644:
1632:. Retrieved
1628:
1618:
1608:November 30,
1606:. Retrieved
1602:the original
1597:
1588:
1579:
1555:
1543:. Retrieved
1539:
1529:
1517:. Retrieved
1512:
1503:
1491:. Retrieved
1486:
1477:
1458:
1448:
1436:. Retrieved
1430:
1401:. Retrieved
1397:
1387:
1375:. Retrieved
1370:
1361:
1352:
1348:
1338:
1319:
1313:
1301:. Retrieved
1297:the original
1292:
1288:
1261:. Retrieved
1237:. Retrieved
1227:
1215:. Retrieved
1211:
1175:
1168:
1156:. Retrieved
1145:
1138:Cobb, Jelani
1111:. Retrieved
1105:
1057:
1053:
1047:
1035:. Retrieved
1025:
1013:. Retrieved
1009:the original
999:
987:. Retrieved
977:
962:
956:
950:
944:
938:
932:
926:
920:
914:
899:
879:
859:
855:
820:
802:
792:
790:
783:
755:
745:
741:
735:
725:
721:
717:
713:
711:
707:
705:
700:
698:
692:
687:
685:
678:
673:
667:essentialism
660:
655:
650:
645:
640:
611:
603:Mari Matsuda
578:
569:
558:conservative
550:civil rights
547:
542:
540:
531:Barack Obama
527:Sean Hannity
520:
516:Lani Guinier
508:
504:
500:
497:
490:
486:
479:Barack Obama
443:
434:
424:
413:
395:
382:
368:white flight
365:
357:Ross Barnett
343:
319:
312:
297:
280:
257:
245:Presbyterian
234:
218:
199:
187:civil rights
182:
181:
162:Janet Dewart
77:(2011-10-05)
44:Bell in 2007
32:Derrick Bell
18:
4471:2011 deaths
4466:1930 births
4393:Jerry Lipka
4344:Anna Linzer
4288:Don DeLillo
4212:Louis Owens
4145:Kimiko Hahn
4140:Edward Said
4085:Tricia Rose
4070:Peter Quinn
3980:Paul Gilroy
3965:Jill Nelson
3904:Jack Beatty
3874:Cornel West
3797:Peter Bacho
3792:Norma Field
3620:Miles Davis
3586:John Norton
3466:Carolyn Lau
3461:Audre Lorde
3435:Tek Lum Lum
3368:Daisy Bates
3308:James Welch
3252:Toshio Mori
3222:Linda Hogan
3133:Sojin Takei
3120:Peter Irons
3027:JesĂşs ColĂłn
3017:Mark Podwal
3008:Gary Snyder
3003:Cecil Brown
2731:Edward Dorn
2671:Appearances
2623:j.ctt9qg47z
2591:(1): 43–47.
2572:(1): 40–42.
2553:(1): 34–39.
2534:(1): 31–33.
2515:(1): 27–30.
2496:(1): 23–26.
2477:(1): 20–22.
2458:(1): 16–19.
2439:(1): 10–15.
1489:. HLS Staff
1432:Answers.com
1377:November 9,
1113:October 15,
785:Cosmic Slop
765:short story
618:rationality
338:Mississippi
193:, then the
119:Occupations
4460:Categories
4406:Trey Ellis
4349:Brian Ward
4293:Jim Barnes
4106:Arthur Sze
3659:bell hooks
3596:Sergei Kan
3481:Frank Chin
3242:Susan Howe
3152:May Sarton
3137:Muin Ozaki
3125:Keiho Soga
3047:Miné Okubo
2972:Judy Grahn
2967:Joy Kogawa
2863:Frank Chin
2858:E. L. Mayo
2827:Susan Howe
2792:Helen Adam
2028:October 5,
1545:October 5,
1519:October 4,
1493:October 4,
1037:October 5,
970:References
294:Law career
56:1930-11-06
4436:Gary Gach
4136:Joe Sacco
4040:John Ross
4021:Herb Boyd
3694:Joy Harjo
3278:Cyn Zarco
3162:Ron Jones
3115:Gary Soto
2881:Judy Yung
2877:Genny Lim
2420:(1): 7–9.
2401:(1): 5–6.
2382:(1): 1–4.
2350:April 30,
2192:April 30,
2166:April 30,
2086:171668297
2002:March 13,
1847:144836334
1771:April 30,
1693:March 13,
1665:March 17,
1634:April 30,
1403:April 30,
1303:April 30,
1263:April 30,
1239:April 30,
1217:April 30,
1074:144836334
1015:March 17,
989:March 17,
856:Booknotes
805:carcinoid
665:and anti-
579:The 1954
523:Breitbart
420:Derek Bok
285:from the
95:Education
4192:Alurista
2848:Al Young
2325:April 4,
2299:April 4,
2268:April 4,
2249:(3): ii.
2111:(2): 274
1976:March 8,
1889:34658106
1152:Archived
477:Student
379:Overview
354:Governor
128:attorney
87:New York
1952:2696265
1812:1340546
1726:2131395
1513:NYU Law
1469:2616386
1438:May 23,
554:liberal
511:NYU Law
174:
166:
149:Spouses
2675:C-SPAN
2621:
2611:
2084:
2076:
1998:. 1995
1950:
1921:
1887:
1845:
1810:
1724:
1467:
1355:: 457.
1326:
1183:
1072:
941:(1996)
929:(1992)
923:(1987)
906:C-SPAN
886:C-SPAN
866:C-SPAN
808:cancer
716:, and
605:, and
332:, and
221:racism
131:author
89:, U.S.
66:, U.S.
2619:JSTOR
2082:S2CID
2074:JSTOR
2044:supra
1948:JSTOR
1885:S2CID
1865:(PDF)
1843:S2CID
1808:JSTOR
1208:(PDF)
1070:S2CID
799:Death
746:Brown
283:LL.B.
168:(
164:
4332:1999
4266:1998
4185:1997
4094:1996
4009:1995
3933:1994
3849:1993
3745:1992
3647:1991
3535:1990
3444:1989
3351:1988
3261:1987
3191:1986
3089:1985
2996:1984
2925:1983
2841:1982
2777:Alta
2770:1981
2719:1980
2642:(3).
2609:ISBN
2352:2023
2327:2013
2301:2013
2270:2013
2194:2023
2168:2023
2117:2019
2030:2023
2004:2012
1978:2012
1919:ISBN
1773:2023
1747:help
1722:SSRN
1695:2012
1667:2012
1636:2023
1610:2011
1564:WGBH
1547:2023
1521:2023
1495:2023
1465:SSRN
1440:2008
1405:2023
1379:2021
1324:ISBN
1305:2023
1265:2023
1241:2023
1219:2023
1181:ISBN
1160:2021
1115:2011
1039:2023
1017:2012
991:2012
562:race
556:and
525:and
72:Died
50:Born
2673:on
2155:NPR
2066:doi
1877:doi
1835:doi
1800:doi
1714:doi
1062:doi
788:.
255:.
239:of
112:LLB
4462::
4443:/
4399:/
4395:/
4371:/
4138:/
4023:/
3867:/
3858:/
3838:/
3834:/
3726:/
3636:/
3632:/
3613:/
3579:/
3433:/
3399:/
3395:/
3335:/
3268:Ai
3205:/
3135:/
3131:/
3127:/
3103:/
3063:/
3059:/
3015:/
2879:/
2875:/
2640:10
2638:.
2634:.
2617:.
2589:36
2587:.
2581:.
2570:36
2568:.
2562:.
2551:36
2549:.
2543:.
2532:36
2530:.
2524:.
2513:36
2511:.
2505:.
2494:36
2492:.
2486:.
2475:36
2473:.
2467:.
2456:36
2454:.
2448:.
2437:36
2435:.
2429:.
2418:36
2416:.
2410:.
2399:36
2397:.
2391:.
2380:36
2378:.
2372:.
2343:.
2317:.
2287:.
2247:36
2245:.
2229:AP
2211:.
2152:.
2134:.
2107:.
2103:.
2080:.
2072:.
2062:18
2060:.
2020:.
1994:.
1969:.
1944:69
1942:.
1897:^
1883:.
1871:.
1867:.
1841:.
1831:16
1829:.
1806:.
1796:93
1794:.
1790:.
1763:.
1738::
1736:}}
1732:{{
1720:.
1684:.
1653:.
1627:.
1596:.
1566:,
1538:.
1511:.
1485:.
1457:.
1429:.
1413:^
1396:.
1369:.
1353:75
1351:.
1347:.
1293:36
1291:.
1287:.
1273:^
1249:^
1210:.
1195:^
1150:.
1144:.
1123:^
1104:.
1082:^
1068:.
1058:16
1056:.
904:,
884:,
864:,
795:.
620:,
609:.
597:,
576:.
227:.
170:m.
105:)
103:BA
85:,
2703:e
2696:t
2689:v
2625:.
2354:.
2329:.
2303:.
2272:.
2215:.
2196:.
2170:.
2138:.
2119:.
2109:9
2088:.
2068::
2032:.
2006:.
1980:.
1954:.
1927:.
1891:.
1879::
1873:8
1849:.
1837::
1814:.
1802::
1775:.
1749:)
1745:(
1728:.
1716::
1697:.
1669:.
1638:.
1612:.
1549:.
1523:.
1497:.
1471:.
1442:.
1407:.
1381:.
1332:.
1307:.
1267:.
1243:.
1221:.
1189:.
1162:.
1117:.
1076:.
1064::
1041:.
1019:.
993:.
767:"
661:"
114:)
110:(
101:(
58:)
54:(
25:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
.jpg)