588:
36:
576:
1233:
554:
1238:
569:
1284:
1279:
1228:
562:
1156:
651:
1289:
1264:
1274:
933:
863:
1269:
745:
721:
639:
542:
513:
486:
457:
399:
372:
345:
316:
1150:
1109:
1057:
998:
904:
828:
584:
1243:
1223:
1022:
763:
171:
135:
1294:
939:
875:
715:
992:
980:
968:
869:
223:
and obtained a mere 1.2% of the vote, due to the uneasy alliance with the traditional left and the competition by
1185:
751:
604:
232:
974:
881:
816:
1028:
846:
787:
781:
263:
248:
216:
657:
209:
181:
forces; however, the project did not succeed. As such, AD acted as a minor social-liberal party, proposing
81:
1004:
986:
622:
1162:
1063:
1010:
804:
1168:
1144:
945:
769:
692:
645:
1203:
916:
822:
698:
271:
220:
193:
109:
74:
1209:
757:
733:
663:
610:
205:
197:
1197:
1079:
686:
267:
117:
503:
474:
445:
389:
1138:
1091:
1051:
1045:
892:
834:
810:
775:
616:
530:
362:
333:
304:
283:
418:
1191:
727:
669:
178:
98:
8:
951:
739:
252:
182:
1097:
1016:
244:
140:
93:
538:
509:
482:
453:
395:
368:
341:
312:
279:
275:
236:
224:
168:
130:
86:
1103:
177:
AD was founded in 1993 with the intent of becoming the container of an alliance of
156:
1115:
886:
256:
1258:
201:
48:
1085:
910:
228:
43:
898:
240:
35:
1121:
472:
446:"The Italian Party System: The Effective Magnitude of an Earthquake"
387:
186:
360:
331:
587:
286:
in 1999, and Bordon would serve as a minister in 1999–2001.
479:
Parties, Politics, and
Democracy in the New Southern Europe
338:
443:
450:
473:
466:
307:. In Ferdinand Muller-Rommel; Thomas Poguntke (eds.).
340:. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 34.
381:
354:
325:
388:Ari-Veikko Anttiroiko; Matti Mälkiä, eds. (2007).
274:(UD) with the entry of other Republicans such as
1256:
533:. In Andrea Mammone; Giuseppe A. Veltri (eds.).
528:
332:Fabio Padovano; Roberto Ricciuti, eds. (2007).
302:
231:, which embraced most of AD's policies. In the
437:
247:. Most AD members continued to be part of the
570:
531:"Common Manifestoes and Coalition Governance"
505:Party Transformations in European Democracies
501:
1234:Early 20th-century Italian political parties
1157:Italian Democratic Party of Monarchist Unity
652:Italian Socialist Party of Proletarian Unity
452:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 102.
577:
563:
495:
419:"Italian Greens Lose Environment Ministry"
296:
259:, who would eventually join Forza Italia.
189:, and a shake-up of the political system.
448:. In Piero Ignazi; Colette Ysmal (eds.).
361:Maurizio Cotta; Luca Verzichelli (2007).
1285:Political parties disestablished in 1996
522:
934:Movement for the Independence of Sicily
709:Social-democratic and liberal-socialist
367:. Oxford University Press. p. 53.
1257:
1280:Political parties established in 1993
1239:1950s–1990s Italian political parties
1229:19th-century Italian political groups
640:Italian Revolutionary Socialist Party
592:Historical political parties in Italy
558:
413:
411:
394:. Idea Group Inc (IGI). p. 396.
309:Green Parties in National Governments
999:Christian Democrats for the Republic
444:Luciano Bardi; Piero Ignazi (1998).
829:Republican Democratic Concentration
535:Italy Today: The Sick Man of Europe
13:
1290:Defunct political parties in Italy
1224:List of political parties in Italy
1023:Christian Democracy for Autonomies
764:Italian Democratic Socialist Party
408:
391:Encyclopedia of Digital Government
185:, criticism of the Italian left's
14:
1306:
1265:Defunct liberal political parties
1244:Current Italian political parties
940:Federalists and Liberal Democrats
876:Democratic Union for the Republic
716:Italian Reformist Socialist Party
251:, with the notable exceptions of
969:Italian Catholic Electoral Union
905:Democracy is Freedom – The Daisy
870:Italian Democratic Liberal Party
586:
278:, and some Socialists including
200:, while its founder and leader,
34:
16:Defunct political party in Italy
1275:1997 disestablishments in Italy
1186:Italian Nationalist Association
864:Constitutional Democratic Party
364:Political Institutions in Italy
282:. The UD would be merged into
192:AD members were mainly former
1:
1029:Union of Democrats for Europe
857:Centrist and centrist liberal
782:Italian Democratic Socialists
289:
204:, was a former member of the
1270:1993 establishments in Italy
1110:Conservatives and Reformists
1058:National Democratic Alliance
658:Democratic Party of the Left
239:electoral alliance with the
210:Democratic Party of the Left
7:
1005:Christian Democratic Centre
623:Party of Italian Communists
508:. SUNY Press. p. 323.
10:
1311:
1011:United Christian Democrats
927:Regionalist and federalist
798:Radical and social-liberal
481:. JHU Press. p. 424.
1219:
1178:
1151:People's Monarchist Party
1145:Monarchist National Party
1131:
1072:
1038:
961:
946:Federalist Italian League
926:
856:
797:
708:
693:Federation of Green Lists
679:
632:
597:
537:. Routledge. p. 71.
311:. Routledge. p. 42.
266:AD was a minor member of
126:
104:
92:
80:
70:
62:
54:
42:
33:
21:
1295:Liberal parties in Italy
1204:Republican Fascist Party
917:Liberal Popular Alliance
699:Federation of the Greens
529:Catherine Moury (2010).
475:"Notes to Pages 346–380"
423:Environment News Service
303:Roberto Biorcio (2002).
221:Alliance of Progressives
172:political party in Italy
110:Alliance of Progressives
1210:Italian Social Movement
758:Italian Socialist Party
752:Unified Socialist Party
746:Unitary Socialist Party
734:Labour Democratic Party
722:Unitary Socialist Party
611:Italian Communist Party
605:Proletarian Unity Party
270:, and evolved into the
233:1995 regional elections
206:Italian Communist Party
94:Political position
1198:National Fascist Party
993:Italian People's Party
981:Italian People's Party
975:Conservative Catholics
882:Union for the Republic
646:Italian Workers' Party
502:André Krouwel (2012).
160:
1132:National-conservative
1092:The People of Freedom
1052:Italian Liberal Party
811:Italian Radical Party
776:Democrats of the Left
617:Proletarian Democracy
264:1996 general election
249:centre-left coalition
217:1994 general election
215:The party ran in the
1073:Liberal-conservative
1039:Conservative-liberal
962:Christian-democratic
670:Left Ecology Freedom
633:Democratic socialist
161:Alleanza Democratica
105:National affiliation
27:Alleanza Democratica
1064:Union of the Centre
987:Christian Democracy
841:Democratic Alliance
740:Union of Socialists
253:Ferdinando Adornato
235:AD was part of the
183:economic liberalism
153:Democratic Alliance
24:Democratic Alliance
1163:National Democracy
1139:Common Man's Front
1098:Future and Freedom
1017:European Democracy
245:Italian Socialists
1252:
1251:
1192:Combatants' Party
1169:National Alliance
770:Labour Federation
544:978-1-135-16493-5
515:978-1-4384-4481-9
488:978-0-8018-6518-3
459:978-0-275-95612-7
401:978-1-59140-790-4
374:978-0-19-928470-2
347:978-0-387-72141-5
318:978-1-135-28826-6
280:Giorgio Benvenuto
276:Antonio Maccanico
237:Pact of Democrats
225:Silvio Berlusconi
149:
148:
136:Political parties
131:Politics of Italy
122:
114:
87:Social liberalism
71:Succeeded by
1302:
1104:New Centre-Right
823:Social Democracy
817:Democratic Party
591:
590:
579:
572:
565:
556:
555:
549:
548:
526:
520:
519:
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430:
415:
406:
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378:
358:
352:
351:
329:
323:
322:
300:
272:Democratic Union
120:
115:
112:
75:Democratic Union
38:
19:
18:
1310:
1309:
1305:
1304:
1303:
1301:
1300:
1299:
1255:
1254:
1253:
1248:
1215:
1174:
1127:
1116:Direction Italy
1068:
1034:
957:
922:
887:Italian Renewal
852:
793:
704:
675:
664:Democratic Left
628:
593:
585:
583:
553:
552:
545:
527:
523:
516:
500:
496:
489:
471:
467:
460:
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426:
417:
416:
409:
402:
386:
382:
375:
359:
355:
348:
330:
326:
319:
301:
297:
292:
257:Giulio Tremonti
145:
116:
108:
29:
28:
25:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1308:
1298:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1267:
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1249:
1247:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1231:
1226:
1220:
1217:
1216:
1214:
1213:
1207:
1201:
1195:
1189:
1182:
1180:
1176:
1175:
1173:
1172:
1166:
1160:
1154:
1148:
1142:
1135:
1133:
1129:
1128:
1126:
1125:
1119:
1113:
1107:
1101:
1095:
1089:
1083:
1080:Economic Party
1076:
1074:
1070:
1069:
1067:
1066:
1061:
1055:
1049:
1042:
1040:
1036:
1035:
1033:
1032:
1026:
1020:
1014:
1008:
1002:
996:
990:
984:
978:
972:
965:
963:
959:
958:
956:
955:
949:
943:
937:
930:
928:
924:
923:
921:
920:
914:
908:
902:
896:
890:
884:
879:
873:
867:
860:
858:
854:
853:
851:
850:
844:
838:
832:
826:
820:
814:
808:
801:
799:
795:
794:
792:
791:
785:
779:
773:
767:
761:
755:
749:
743:
737:
731:
725:
719:
712:
710:
706:
705:
703:
702:
696:
690:
687:Rainbow Greens
683:
681:
677:
676:
674:
673:
667:
661:
655:
649:
643:
636:
634:
630:
629:
627:
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608:
601:
599:
595:
594:
582:
581:
574:
567:
559:
551:
550:
543:
521:
514:
494:
487:
465:
458:
436:
407:
400:
380:
373:
353:
346:
324:
317:
294:
293:
291:
288:
268:The Olive Tree
169:social-liberal
147:
146:
144:
143:
138:
133:
127:
124:
123:
118:The Olive Tree
106:
102:
101:
96:
90:
89:
84:
78:
77:
72:
68:
67:
64:
60:
59:
56:
52:
51:
46:
40:
39:
31:
30:
26:
23:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1307:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1262:
1260:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1221:
1218:
1211:
1208:
1205:
1202:
1199:
1196:
1193:
1190:
1187:
1184:
1183:
1181:
1177:
1170:
1167:
1164:
1161:
1158:
1155:
1152:
1149:
1146:
1143:
1140:
1137:
1136:
1134:
1130:
1123:
1120:
1117:
1114:
1111:
1108:
1105:
1102:
1099:
1096:
1093:
1090:
1087:
1084:
1081:
1078:
1077:
1075:
1071:
1065:
1062:
1059:
1056:
1053:
1050:
1047:
1046:Liberal Union
1044:
1043:
1041:
1037:
1030:
1027:
1024:
1021:
1018:
1015:
1012:
1009:
1006:
1003:
1000:
997:
994:
991:
988:
985:
982:
979:
976:
973:
970:
967:
966:
964:
960:
953:
950:
947:
944:
941:
938:
935:
932:
931:
929:
925:
918:
915:
912:
909:
906:
903:
900:
897:
894:
893:The Democrats
891:
888:
885:
883:
880:
877:
874:
871:
868:
865:
862:
861:
859:
855:
848:
845:
842:
839:
836:
835:Radical Party
833:
830:
827:
824:
821:
818:
815:
812:
809:
806:
803:
802:
800:
796:
789:
786:
783:
780:
777:
774:
771:
768:
765:
762:
759:
756:
753:
750:
747:
744:
741:
738:
735:
732:
729:
726:
723:
720:
717:
714:
713:
711:
707:
700:
697:
694:
691:
688:
685:
684:
682:
678:
671:
668:
665:
662:
659:
656:
653:
650:
647:
644:
641:
638:
637:
635:
631:
624:
621:
618:
615:
612:
609:
606:
603:
602:
600:
596:
589:
580:
575:
573:
568:
566:
561:
560:
557:
546:
540:
536:
532:
525:
517:
511:
507:
506:
498:
490:
484:
480:
476:
469:
461:
455:
451:
447:
440:
424:
420:
414:
412:
403:
397:
393:
392:
384:
376:
370:
366:
365:
357:
349:
343:
339:
335:
328:
320:
314:
310:
306:
299:
295:
287:
285:
284:The Democrats
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
260:
258:
254:
250:
246:
242:
238:
234:
230:
226:
222:
218:
213:
211:
207:
203:
202:Willer Bordon
199:
195:
190:
188:
184:
180:
175:
173:
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
142:
139:
137:
134:
132:
129:
128:
125:
119:
111:
107:
103:
100:
97:
95:
91:
88:
85:
83:
79:
76:
73:
69:
65:
61:
57:
53:
50:
49:Willer Bordon
47:
45:
41:
37:
32:
20:
1086:Forza Italia
911:Civic Choice
840:
805:Action Party
728:Action Party
534:
524:
504:
497:
478:
468:
449:
439:
427:. Retrieved
425:. Rome. 2000
422:
390:
383:
363:
356:
337:
334:"Appendix 2"
327:
308:
298:
261:
229:Forza Italia
214:
191:
176:
164:
152:
150:
66:1 March 1997
58:15 July 1993
1212:(1946–1995)
1206:(1943–1945)
1200:(1921–1943)
1194:(1919–1923)
1188:(1910–1923)
1179:Nationalist
1171:(1995–2009)
1165:(1977–1979)
1159:(1959–1972)
1153:(1954–1959)
1147:(1946–1959)
1141:(1946–1949)
1124:(2019–2022)
1118:(2017–2019)
1112:(2015–2017)
1106:(2013–2017)
1100:(2010–2014)
1094:(2009–2013)
1088:(1994–2009)
1082:(1919–1924)
1060:(1953–1954)
1054:(1922–1994)
1048:(1913–1922)
1031:(1999–2013)
1025:(2005–2009)
1019:(2001–2002)
1013:(1995–2002)
1007:(1994–2002)
995:(1994–2002)
989:(1943–1994)
983:(1919–1926)
977:(1913–1919)
971:(1906–1919)
954:(2011–2013)
952:Great South
948:(1995–1996)
942:(1994–1996)
936:(1943–1951)
919:(2015–2018)
913:(2013–2019)
907:(2002–2007)
901:(1993–2003)
895:(1999–2002)
889:(1996–2002)
878:(1998–1999)
872:(1919–1926)
866:(1913–1919)
849:(1991–1999)
847:The Network
843:(1993–1997)
837:(1955–1989)
825:(1922–1926)
819:(1913–1919)
813:(1904–1922)
807:(1853–1867)
790:(2017–2023)
788:Article One
784:(1998–2007)
778:(1998–2007)
772:(1994–1998)
766:(1947–1998)
760:(1892–1994)
754:(1966–1969)
748:(1949–1951)
742:(1948–1949)
736:(1943–1948)
730:(1929–1947)
724:(1922–1930)
718:(1912–1926)
701:(1990–2021)
695:(1986–1990)
689:(1989–1990)
672:(2010-2016)
666:(2007–2010)
660:(1991–1998)
654:(1964–1972)
648:(1882–1892)
642:(1881–1893)
625:(1998–2014)
619:(1978–1991)
613:(1921–1991)
607:(1972–1984)
429:30 November
219:within the
196:and former
194:Republicans
179:centre-left
99:Centre-left
1259:Categories
899:Segni Pact
290:References
241:Segni Pact
198:Socialists
1122:Cambiamo!
598:Communist
141:Elections
63:Dissolved
243:and the
208:and the
167:) was a
82:Ideology
305:"Italy"
262:In the
187:statism
157:Italian
55:Founded
1001:(1998)
831:(1946)
541:
512:
485:
456:
398:
371:
344:
315:
121:(1996)
113:(1994)
44:Leader
680:Green
539:ISBN
510:ISBN
483:ISBN
454:ISBN
431:2013
396:ISBN
369:ISBN
342:ISBN
313:ISBN
255:and
151:The
227:'s
1261::
477:.
421:.
410:^
336:.
212:.
174:.
165:AD
163:,
159::
578:e
571:t
564:v
547:.
518:.
491:.
462:.
433:.
404:.
377:.
350:.
321:.
155:(
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