306:
761:
356:
as a working fluid. Delisle chose his scale using the temperature of boiling water as the fixed zero point and measured the contraction of the mercury (with lower temperatures) in hundred-thousandths. Delisle thermometers usually had 2400 or 2700 gradations, appropriate for the winter in
372:
recalibrated the
Delisle thermometer with two fixed points, keeping 0 degrees as the boiling point and adding 150 degrees as the freezing point of water. He then sent this calibrated thermometer to various scholars, including
381:
scale, like the
Delisle scale, originally ran from zero for boiling water down to 100 for freezing water. This was reversed to its modern order after his death, in part at the instigation of Swedish botanist
504:
temperature scale was also briefly "inverted" (with 0 °C being the boiling point of water and 100 °C being the freezing point) from its invention in 1742 until it was reversed in 1743 or 1744.
467:
458:
449:
440:
431:
422:
413:
404:
740:
651:
340:
it measures; unlike most other temperature scales, higher measurements in degrees
Delisle are colder, while lower measurements are warmer.
781:
393:, who reversed it in his own work, measuring the freezing point of water as 0 °D and the boiling point as 150 °D.
476:
736:
644:
465:
296:
585:
456:
429:
481:
438:
447:
336:) (1738). The Delisle scale is notable as one of the few temperature scales that is inverted from the amount of
786:
637:
420:
751:
330:
Mémoires pour servir à l'histoire et aux progrès de l'Astronomie, de la Géographie et de la
Physique
554:
532:
Improved
Understanding of Past Climatic Variability from Early Daily European Instrumental Sources
411:
623:
402:
325:
577:
389:
The
Delisle thermometer remained in use for almost 100 years in Russia. One of its users was
546:
660:
8:
547:
305:
581:
570:
390:
366:
362:
353:
318:
358:
715:
602:
725:
374:
337:
720:
334:
Memories to Serve the
History and Progress of Astronomy, Geography and Physics
775:
765:
710:
383:
212:
705:
700:
396:
664:
626:—marked in four scales; the second is Delisle (spelled "de Lisle").
349:
629:
685:
322:
94:
690:
760:
675:
501:
378:
35:
695:
386:
and the manufacturer of
Linnaeus thermometers, Daniel Ekström.
153:
464:
455:
446:
437:
428:
419:
410:
401:
397:
Conversion table between the different temperature units
549:
A history of the thermometer and its use in meteorology
544:
365:
to the city to found an observatory in 1725. In 1738,
749:
624:
Photo of an antique thermometer backing board c. 1758
569:
773:
645:
600:
567:
328:(1688–1768). Delisle was the author of
652:
638:
534:. Kluwer Academic Publishers. p. 314.
220: °De ≘ (671.67 −
161: °De ≘ (373.15 −
659:
525:
523:
521:
246: °R ≘ (671.67 −
304:
187: K ≘ (373.15 −
20:Delisle temperature conversion formulae
529:
102: °De ≘ (212 −
43: °De ≘ (100 −
774:
518:
128: °F ≘ (212 −
69: °C ≘ (100 −
633:
572:History of Astronomy: An Encyclopedia
297:Conversion between temperature scales
477:Outline of metrology and measurement
13:
275:rather than specific temperatures,
14:
798:
617:
759:
576:. Taylor & Francis. p.
545:W. E. Knowles Middleton (1966).
482:Comparison of temperature scales
553:. Johns Hopkins Press. p.
321:invented in 1732 by the French
594:
561:
538:
494:
1:
782:Obsolete units of measurement
511:
361:, as he had been invited by
7:
601:Gunnar Tibell, ed. (2008).
568:John Lankford, ed. (1997).
470:
211:
152:
93:
34:
10:
803:
343:
734:
671:
348:In 1732, Delisle built a
270:
487:
603:"Linnaeus' thermometer"
530:Camuffo, Dario (2002).
326:Joseph-Nicolas Delisle
310:
309:Joseph Nicolas Delisle
293: °C = 1.2 °F
787:Scales of temperature
308:
737:Conversion formulas
607:Uppsala Universitet
21:
311:
19:
747:
746:
391:Mikhail Lomonosov
367:Josias Weitbrecht
319:temperature scale
303:
302:
299:
16:Temperature scale
794:
764:
763:
755:
654:
647:
640:
631:
630:
611:
610:
598:
592:
591:
575:
565:
559:
558:
552:
542:
536:
535:
527:
505:
498:
371:
295:
292:
290:
289:
286:
283:
271:For temperature
265:
263:
262:
259:
256:
239:
237:
236:
233:
230:
206:
204:
203:
200:
197:
180:
178:
177:
174:
171:
147:
145:
144:
141:
138:
121:
119:
118:
115:
112:
88:
86:
85:
82:
79:
62:
60:
59:
56:
53:
22:
18:
802:
801:
797:
796:
795:
793:
792:
791:
772:
771:
770:
758:
750:
748:
743:
730:
667:
658:
620:
615:
614:
599:
595:
588:
566:
562:
543:
539:
528:
519:
514:
509:
508:
499:
495:
490:
473:
468:
466:
461:
459:
457:
452:
450:
448:
443:
441:
439:
434:
432:
430:
425:
423:
421:
416:
414:
412:
407:
405:
403:
399:
370:(1702–47)
369:
363:Peter the Great
346:
294:
287:
284:
281:
280:
278:
276:
260:
257:
254:
253:
251:
234:
231:
228:
227:
225:
201:
198:
195:
194:
192:
175:
172:
169:
168:
166:
142:
139:
136:
135:
133:
116:
113:
110:
109:
107:
83:
80:
77:
76:
74:
57:
54:
51:
50:
48:
17:
12:
11:
5:
800:
790:
789:
784:
769:
768:
745:
744:
735:
732:
731:
729:
728:
723:
718:
713:
708:
703:
698:
693:
688:
683:
678:
672:
669:
668:
657:
656:
649:
642:
634:
628:
627:
619:
618:External links
616:
613:
612:
593:
586:
560:
537:
516:
515:
513:
510:
507:
506:
492:
491:
489:
486:
485:
484:
479:
472:
469:
463:
454:
445:
436:
427:
418:
409:
400:
398:
395:
375:Anders Celsius
359:St. Petersburg
345:
342:
338:thermal energy
301:
300:
268:
267:
250:) ×
241:
215:
209:
208:
191:) ×
182:
156:
150:
149:
132:) ×
123:
97:
91:
90:
73:) ×
64:
38:
32:
31:
28:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
799:
788:
785:
783:
780:
779:
777:
767:
762:
757:
756:
753:
742:
738:
733:
727:
724:
722:
719:
717:
714:
712:
709:
707:
704:
702:
699:
697:
694:
692:
689:
687:
684:
682:
679:
677:
674:
673:
670:
666:
662:
655:
650:
648:
643:
641:
636:
635:
632:
625:
622:
621:
608:
604:
597:
589:
587:9780815303220
583:
579:
574:
573:
564:
556:
551:
550:
541:
533:
526:
524:
522:
517:
503:
497:
493:
483:
480:
478:
475:
474:
462:
453:
444:
435:
426:
417:
408:
394:
392:
387:
385:
384:Carl Linnaeus
380:
376:
368:
364:
360:
355:
351:
341:
339:
335:
331:
327:
324:
320:
316:
315:Delisle scale
307:
298:
277:1 °De =
274:
269:
249:
245:
242:
224: ×
223:
219:
216:
214:
210:
190:
186:
183:
165: ×
164:
160:
157:
155:
151:
131:
127:
124:
106: ×
105:
101:
98:
96:
92:
72:
68:
65:
47: ×
46:
42:
39:
37:
33:
29:
27:from Delisle
26:
24:
23:
680:
606:
596:
571:
563:
548:
540:
531:
496:
460:
451:
442:
433:
424:
415:
406:
388:
347:
333:
329:
314:
312:
272:
247:
243:
221:
217:
188:
184:
162:
158:
129:
125:
103:
99:
70:
66:
44:
40:
665:temperature
350:thermometer
30:to Delisle
776:Categories
741:comparison
686:Fahrenheit
512:References
352:that used
323:astronomer
266: °De
240:) °R
207: °De
148: °De
122:) °F
95:Fahrenheit
89: °De
63:) °C
273:intervals
181:) K
726:Wedgwood
691:Gas mark
471:See also
716:Réaumur
711:Rankine
681:Delisle
676:Celsius
502:Celsius
379:Celsius
354:mercury
344:History
291:
279:
264:
252:
238:
226:
213:Rankine
205:
193:
179:
167:
146:
134:
120:
108:
87:
75:
61:
49:
36:Celsius
766:Energy
752:Portal
706:Newton
701:Leiden
696:Kelvin
661:Scales
584:
377:. The
154:Kelvin
721:Rømer
488:Notes
317:is a
739:and
582:ISBN
500:The
313:The
663:of
578:191
778::
605:.
580:.
555:88
520:^
754::
653:e
646:t
639:v
609:.
590:.
557:.
332:(
288:3
285:/
282:2
261:6
258:/
255:5
248:x
244:x
235:5
232:/
229:6
222:x
218:x
202:2
199:/
196:3
189:x
185:x
176:3
173:/
170:2
163:x
159:x
143:6
140:/
137:5
130:x
126:x
117:5
114:/
111:6
104:x
100:x
84:2
81:/
78:3
71:x
67:x
58:3
55:/
52:2
45:x
41:x
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
